cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-loss cable-to-cable parallel connection method for thin-film superconducting flexible microwave transmission lines

We describe a superconducting (SC) cable-to-cable connection method for thin-film flexible (Nb/polyimide) parallel transmission line cables that exhibits low loss from DC to microwave frequencies. Design, fabrication procedures, assembly methods and characterization results are reported. The connector assembly incorporates a monolithic array of short superconductive bridging traces that function as a ganged electrical splice between two ribbon cables. The assembly is micro-mechanically self-aligned and uses pressure to make simultaneous electrical contacts between multiple 50 μm wide microstrip signal traces, as well as between ground planes. Each contacting surface comprises thin SC Nb overcoated with ultra-thin Au, providing nearly zero DC resistance and very good RF performance. A simulation model of the microwave performance of microstrip-to-microstrip interconnections at 4.2 K was successfully matched to measurement results. This new cable-to-cable connection approach exhibited an insertion loss 15 dB up to 14 GHz. The connections performed reproducibly throughout multiple thermal cycles and multiple disassembly/reassembly cycles.
Job Security Rule Changes and Employee Organizational Commitment

This study assesses the impact of different job security rules on federal employees’ organizational commitment by looking at the effects of changes in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) prec...
A Comparison of the Halstead-Reitan, Luria-Nebraska, and Flexible Batteries Through Case Presentations

The purpose of this chapter is that of illustrating, through the presentation of three cases, the similarities and differences among various approaches to neuropsychological assessment discussed elsewhere in this volume. The first two patients were given the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) and Luria-Nebraska Neurological Battery (LNNB); one is a patient with a neurological illness, whereas the other is a psychiatric patient. The third case is also a neurological patient; he received the LNNB and a specialized series of tests selected on the basis of the preliminary information provided by the LNNB results. Thus, we have a comparison of two standard batteries with a neurological and a psychiatric patient, and a combined standard battery and flexible approach in a patient with an unusual neuropsychological syndrome. In each case, efforts were made to correlate the findings for the patients with pertinent literature regarding the disorder each of the patients represents. The first two cases were selected, in part, because there is an available literature for both standard batteries covering the disease entities the represent, Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia. With regard to the third presentation, there is a case literature available, and the patient was compared to similar cases.
A mild preparation of vinyliodides from vinylsilanes

Abstract A new method for the synthesis of vinyliodides from vinylsilanes is presented. Using N-iodiosuccinimide in acetonitrile or acetonitrile/monochloroacetonitrile, this transformation is cleanly effected at room temperature under virtually neutral conditions.
Structure and Evolution of The Intergalactic Medium: Conference Summary

Wasn't this a fun meeting? Yes, except for the rain. This summary highlights scientific themes of the 13th IAP conference: (1) The History of Baryons; (2) The History of Metals; (3) Reionization of the IGM; (4) The Assembly of Galaxies, plus a "wish list" of future projects for observers and theorists.
Continuous-Time Locational Marginal Price of Electricity

Modern electricity markets with large penetration of renewable energy resources require fair and accurate pricing methods to elicit generation flexibility and foster competition in electricity markets. This paper proposes the fundamental theory and closed-form formulas for continuous-time locational marginal price (LMP) of electricity, which more accurately integrates the spatio-temporal variations of load and operational constraints of power systems in the electricity price calculation. This paper first formulates the network-constrained generation scheduling and pricing problems as continuous-time optimal control problems using two methods for modeling transmission network, i.e., Theta and generation shift factor (GSF) methods. The continuous-time network-constrained scheduling and pricing problems minimize in their objective functional the total operation cost of power systems over the scheduling horizon subject to generation and transmission constraints. The closed-form continuous-time LMP formulas are derived for each transmission network model, which explicitly include terms that reflect the simultaneous spatio-temporal impacts of transmission flow limits and intertemporal generation ramping constraints in LMP formation. A scalable and computationally efficient function space solution method is proposed that converts the continuous-time problems into mixed integer linear programming problems with finite-dimensional decision space. The proposed solution method enables high-fidelity solution of transmission-constrained scheduling and pricing problems in higher dimensional spaces, while including as a special case the current discrete-time solutions. The proposed models are implemented on a three-bus system and the IEEE reliability test system, where the proposed models showcase more accuracy in reflecting the impacts of fast net-load variations over discrete-time counterparts.
PCB126 blocks the thermogenic beiging response of adipocytes

Subcutaneous white adipose tissue is capable of becoming thermogenic in a process that is referred to as “beiging.” Beiging is associated with activation of the uncoupling protein, UCP1, and is known to be important for preventing adipose hypertrophy and development of insulin resistance. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulate in fat, and it is hypothesized that disruption of adipogenesis and adipocyte function by PCBs may be causative in the development of obesity and diabetes. We developed immortal human subcutaneous preadipocytes that, when differentiated, are capable of beiging. Preadipocytes that were treated with polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 (PCB126), followed by differentiation, were suppressed for their ability to activate UCP1 upon β-adrenergic stimulation with norepinephrine (NE), demonstrating a block in the beiging response. Treatment of preadipocytes with another known endogenous AhR agonist, indoxyl sulfate (IS), followed by differentiation also blocked the NE-stimulated upregulation of UCP1. Knockdown of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) caused the preadipocytes to be refractory to PCB126 and IS effects. The chemical AhR antagonist, CH223191, was effective at preventing the effects of PCB126 but not IS, indicating AhR ligand specificity of CH223191. Repression of NE-induced UCP1 upregulation was also observed when already-differentiated mature adipocytes were treated with PCB126 but not IS. These results indicate that exposure of preadipocytes to endogenous (IS) or exogenous (PCB126) AhR agonists is effective at blocking them from becoming functional adipocytes that are capable of the beiging response. Mature adipocytes may have differential responses. This finding suggests a mechanism by which dioxin-like PCBs such as PCB126 could lead to disruption in energy homeostasis, potentially leading to obesity and diabetes.
Putting It All Together: How to Integrate the Critical Tasks of Strategy – An Illustration1

Up to this point, we’ve carefully examined the Delta Model and laid out the primary concepts and tools you need to implement its customer-centric approach to business strategy. We have also provided some practical examples of its application in a number of different settings.
Legal and Ethics Considerations in Reporting Sexual Exploitation by Previous Providers

When a patient reports a sexual relationship with a prior provider during treatment, a psychiatrist or therapist must balance conflicting ethics principles of autonomy, confidentiality, and social justice in deciding whether to report this behavior to the proper authority. Many states have statutes regarding such reporting that are unclear or ambiguous; others lack laws entirely. We surveyed state laws and contacted state medical boards to clarify each state's position on mandatory reporting of sexually exploitive psychiatrists, specifically when the patient reveals the exploitation during treatment. Our results showed that only 5 state legislatures have explicitly addressed this matter. Of the remaining states, 18 require reporting through a patchwork of laws and policies, and the other 27 states and the District of Columbia have no laws that require reporting a colleague if a patient discloses a past sexual relationship. In this article, we examine the different approaches and considerations taken by state legislatures and medical boards in addressing this concern.
Current uncertainties in assessing the colloidal phosphorus loss from soil

Abstract Excessive phosphorus (P) loss from soil to water bodies is known to cause negative impacts in the aquatic ecosystem. Along with dissolved reactive P, colloidal P has been of the interest in the agroecosystem research because of its mobility in surface runoff and subsurface flow in soil. The physicochemical characteristics (i.e., high adsorption capacity and low density) of soil colloids can accelerate the migration of P and its mass. Numerous investigations have reported the occurrence of the release of colloidal P from arable and forest soils. While these studies showed clear evidence of colloidal P in soils, it is difficult to single out a factor influencing the release/formation of colloidal P because of variability in experimental designs, methods, and study sites: (1) land and nutrient management, (2) soil type, (3) climate or irrigation, (4) fractionation methods (e.g., filtration, centrifugation) and (5) experimental designs to isolate colloidal P (e.g., soil extract, column leachate, simulated runoff). This review chapter summarizes the current knowledge of colloidal P in soils, and discuss uncertainties in assessing the colloidal P loss from various soil systems.
Is moral redemption possible? The effectiveness of public apologies for sexual misconduct

Abstract Amidst an international movement against sexual violence in 2017, hundreds of high-profile men were accused of sexual misconduct, and people's news feeds were flooded with apologies issued by many of these men. In five studies (N = 1931), we examined people's reactions to these apologies, with a focus on how their perceived content (participants' evaluations of how comprehensive and non-defensive they were), the gender of the audience, and the severity of the allegations against the accused influenced their effectiveness relative to denials and “no comment” statements. Using both real statements issued during the #MeToo movement (Study 1) and experimentally controlled statements issued by fictitious (Studies 2–4) and real (Study 5) public figures, we found that what the accused men said in their statements indeed mattered. Apologies were more effective when they were more comprehensive and less defensive, and when they were offered in response to lower (versus higher) severity allegations. Consistent effects of gender also emerged, with women reacting less favorably to denials and “no comment” statements than men. On the whole, the findings provide intriguing evidence for parallels between public and interpersonal apologies, revealing that high-quality apologies hold some value in a context where doubts about the remorsefulness and morality of the apologizer abound. However, the benefits of even the highest quality apologies were modest, resembling those found in the literature on intergroup apologies. These findings thus suggest that the public may view apologies for sexual misconduct as an appropriate starting point—but certainly not endgame—for the accused men.
Unveiling the Origin of Alloy-Seeded and Nondendritic Growth of Zn for Rechargeable Aqueous Zn Batteries

Rechargeable aqueous zinc anodes have gained tremendous attention because of their merits of intrinsic safety, low cost, and high theoretical volumetric capacity (5854 mAh cm–3 for Zn metal). In aq...
Using Smartphone-Based Accelerometer Data to Objectively Assess Outcomes in Spine Surgery.

Background In order to deliver optimal patient care, spine surgeons must integrate technological changes to arrive at novel measures of functional outcomes. Historically, subjective patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys have been used to determine the relative benefit of surgical treatments. Using smartphone-based accelerometers, surgeons now have the ability to arrive at objective outcome metrics. Objective To use Apple Health (Apple Inc, Cupertino, California) data to approximate physical activity levels before and after spinal fusion as an objective outcome measurement. Methods Personal activity data were acquired retrospectively from the cellphones of consenting patients. These data were used to measure changes in activity level (daily steps, flights climbed, and distance traveled) before and after patients underwent spine surgery at a single institution by a single surgeon. After data collection, we investigated the demographic information and daily physical activity pre- and postoperatively of participating patients. Results Twenty-three patients were included in the study. On average, patients first exceeded their daily 1-yr average distance walked, flights climbed, and steps taken at 10.3 ± 14, 7.6 ± 21.1, and 8 ± 9.9 wk, respectively. Mean flights climbed, distance traveled, and steps taken decreased significantly from 6 mo prior to surgery to 2 wk postoperatively. Distance traveled and steps taken significantly increased from 6 mo prior to surgery to 7 to 12 mo postoperatively. Conclusion We demonstrated a valuable supplement to traditional PROs by using smartphone-based activity data. This methodology yields a rich data set that has the potential to augment our understanding of patient recovery.
The Effectiveness of Health and Safety Committees: Results of a Survey of Public-Sector Workplaces The Effectiveness of Health and Safety Committees

This study examines the effectiveness of occupational safety and health committees within the public sector of New Jersey. Survey data collected from work-site representatives were matched with state-collected reports of injury and illnesses. While there remain methodological problems with this approach, the results indicate that committee scope and training play a positive role in perceptions of committee effectiveness and that committees with more worker involvement are associated with fewer reported illnesses and injuries.
A comparison of breathing stimulants for reversal of synthetic opioid-induced respiratory depression in conscious rats

Potent synthetic opioids are an important cause of death in the United States' opioid epidemic, and a breathing stimulant may have utility in treating opioid overdose. We hypothesized that sufentanil-induced respiratory depression may be reversed by breathing stimulant administration. METHODS : Using nose-only plethysmography and arterial blood analysis, we compared effects of several breathing stimulants in reversing sufentanil-induced respiratory depression in conscious rats. We studied taltirelin (1 mg/kg IV), PKTHPP (5 mg/kg IV), CX717 (30 mg/kg IV), BIMU8 (1 mg/kg IV), A85380 (30 mcg/kg IV), 8-OH-DPAT (150 mcg/kg IV/IM), and used sufentanil (10 mcg/kg IV). RESULTS : By plethysmography (in % baseline, mean{plus minus}SEM), taltirelin restored ventilation in sufentanil-treated rats (from 50{plus minus}5 to 102{plus minus}8%) by increased breathing rates (from 80{plus minus}4 to 160{plus minus}12%). By arterial blood analysis, however, taltirelin did not correct hypoxia, decreased hypercarbia only after 45 min, and worsened metabolic acidosis (base excess from +0{plus minus}1 to -7{plus minus}1 mEq/L). Additionally, taltirelin increased exhaled carbon dioxide, an estimate of oxygen consumption, by up to 64%. PKTHPP, CX717, BIMU8, and A85380 failed to significantly change ventilation or arterial blood values in sufentanil-treated rats. 8-OH-DPAT, however, improved ventilation (from 54{plus minus}8 to 92{plus minus}10%), reversed hypercarbia (from 64{plus minus}6 to 47{plus minus}2 mmHg) and shortened time-to-righting from 43{plus minus}4 to 15{plus minus}1 min in sufentanil-treated rats placed supine. CONCLUSION : Taltirelin has limited therapeutic potential as its ventilatory effects are offset by metabolic acidosis, possibly from increased oxygen consumption. At the doses studied, PKTHPP, CX717, BIMU8, and A85380 have limited effects in reversing sufentanil-induce respiratory depression; 8-OH-DPAT, however, warrants further study. Significance Statement Respiratory depression is an important cause of death following potent synthetic opioid overdose. 8-OH-DPAT or related compounds may be useful in treating respiratory depression as caused by potent synthetic opioids.
ScaffoldSketch: Accurate Industrial Design Drawing in VR

We present an approach to in-air design drawing based on the two-stage approach common in 2D design drawing practice. The primary challenge to 3D drawing in-air is the accuracy of users’ strokes. Beautifying or auto-correcting an arbitrary drawing in 2D or 3D is challenging due to ambiguities stemming from many possible interpretations of a stroke. A similar challenge appears when drawing freehand on paper in the real world. 2D design drawing practice (as taught in industrial design school) addresses this by decomposing the process of creating realistic 2D projections of 3D shapes. Designers first create scaffold or construction lines. When drawing shape or structure curves, designers are guided by the scaffolds. Our key insight is that accurate industrial design drawing in 3D becomes tractable when decomposed into auto-correcting scaffold strokes, which have simple relationships with one another, followed by auto-correcting shape strokes with respect to the scaffold strokes. We demonstrate our approach’s effectiveness with an expert study involving industrial designers.
Recalibrating the decision for MRI-directed breast ultrasound in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, factors predicting sonographic success.

Abstract Objective Evaluate utilization of MRI-directed breast ultrasound (US) in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer and refine practices to increase success of sonographic lesion detection. Methods This retrospective single-institution review was restricted to women with breast cancer who underwent MRI from November 2006 to January 2017. Enhancing breast lesions, separate from the index tumor, recommended for MRI-directed US were assessed to see which were detected and which characteristics predicted success in detection. Univariate mixed-effects logistic modeling predicted likelihood of finding breast lesions with US, with odds ratios reported. All tests were two-sided with p Results A total of 275 patients underwent MRI-directed US for 361 breast lesions, of which 187 (51.8%) were found on US. Of those detected, 171 (91.4%) were masses and 16 (8.6%) were nonmass enhancement (NME), with masses 14 times more likely to be seen (p Conclusion As MRI access expands, utilization of MRI-directed US should be scrutinized to avoid downstream practice inefficiencies. Sonographic detection rates for NME remain low for women undergoing MRI for disease extent, with NME often better suited for MRI-guided biopsy.
Drone Technology Enabled Leaf Disease Detection and Analysis system for Agriculture Applications

Drone technology is an emerging technology that is being used for many commercial and survey purposes. This research work has designed a drone technology to develop leaf disease detection and analysis system for agricultural applications. In general, UAV is also known as 'DRONE'. A drone is a device operated without a human pilot and can be remotely controlled with the help of a computer and radio frequency transmitter-receiver system. Identification of plant diseases plays a crucial role in preventing the loss of the yield and quantity of agriculture. A visually observable pattern on leaves helps to study the diseases in plants. Agricultural drones are highly efficient and their usage has been expanded to many areas in agriculture including fertilizer spraying, sowing seeds, growth monitoring, and mapping. This system includes the process of capturing images of the leaves automatically by using a drone with a raspberry pi-camera interface, so that it captures the images for image processing and analysis of leaf properties which would help to detect disease. The suitable algorithms of machine learning (ML) are used after performing feature extraction in the image processing techniques. The edge detection and histogram equalization techniques are used to extract features from the leaf. Drones can also be used in various agricultural applications to reduce human efforts and work time. With the help of GSM, information regarding leaf disease can also be given to the farmer at an early stage and avoid loss in crop production.
Echinococcosis control in China: challenges and research needs.

Based on a review of the practices of echinococcosis control in China and of the historical experience from the international community in the field, this paper discussed the research achievements and challenges. The author indicated that it is a realistic time to launch a comprehensive control program in western China and there are urgent needs for scientific research integrating into the program.
On Silver's and Related Principles

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Silver's Principle (W k ). This principle fits well into the remarkable program initiated by Jensen of formulating useful combinatorial principles that hold in the constructible universe and that can be appended to any model of set theory by straightforward forcing. This principle has found wide application not only in the continuing investigation of set theory itself, but also to problems in more general mathematics that implicitly involve the transfinite. In the chapter, W k is established as an independent and useful principle of construction. The chapter presents results to show the way by which these principles form a hierarchy of implications emanating only from the relatively simple proposition W k . The chapter also discusses a form of W k available at limit cardinals. Its relative consistency is established through a forcing technique involving a new kind of density argument. The chapter also discusses a Martin's Axiom-type characterization of morasses.
SU-C-207-05: A Comparative Study of Noise-Reduction Algorithms for Low-Dose Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Purpose: To study different noise-reduction algorithms and to improve the image quality of low dose cone beam CT for patient positioning in radiation therapy. Methods: In low-dose cone-beam CT, the reconstructed image is contaminated with excessive quantum noise. In this study, three well-developed noise reduction algorithms namely, a) penalized weighted least square (PWLS) method, b) split-Bregman total variation (TV) method, and c) compressed sensing (CS) method were studied and applied to the images of a computer–simulated “Shepp-Logan” phantom and a physical CATPHAN phantom. Up to 20% additive Gaussian noise was added to the Shepp-Logan phantom. The CATPHAN phantom was scanned by a Varian OBI system with 100 kVp, 4 ms and 20 mA. For comparing the performance of these algorithms, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the denoised images was computed. Results: The algorithms were shown to have the potential in reducing the noise level for low-dose CBCT images. For Shepp-Logan phantom, an improvement of PSNR of 2 dB, 3.1 dB and 4 dB was observed using PWLS, TV and CS respectively, while for CATPHAN, the improvement was 1.2 dB, 1.8 dB and 2.1 dB, respectively. Conclusion: Penalized weighted least square, total variation and compressed sensing methods were studied and compared for reducing the noise on a simulated phantom and a physical phantom scanned by low-dose CBCT. The techniques have shown promising results for noise reduction in terms of PSNR improvement. However, reducing the noise without compromising the smoothness and resolution of the image needs more extensive research.
Viral Liver Diseases

Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C are the most common types of viral hepatitis. Other types include Hepatitis E and Hepatitis D. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can produce a significant illness in adults with severity increasing with advancing age. Once acute HAV infection resolves, patients develop lifelong immunity. HAV does not cause chronic infection and treatment is supportive. Up to 1.4 million persons in the USA and 350 million worldwide are infected with HBV. The majority of adult patients with acute HBV spontaneously clear the infection. Five percent of patients, however, progress into chronic hepatitis B. The natural history of chronic HBV infection includes four phases: immune tolerance, immune clearance, inactive carrier state, and reactivation. Most chronic HBV encountered in older patients is in the form of “e antigen”-negative chronic HBV. Treatment of HBV is mainly indicated in the immune clearance and reactivation phase. Entecavir and tenofovir have the best profile in terms of safety, potency, and genetic barrier to resistance. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading indication for liver transplant in the USA and Europe. Most patients who get infected with HCV develop chronic HCV with 25–30% of them progressing to cirrhosis. Liver biopsy and genotype (types 1, 2, or 3) are important when deciding on treatment. Pegylated interferon alpha in combination with ribavirin and a protease inhibitor is the current available therapy for HCV. Several new directly acting agents are in clinical trials and will substantially increase the response rate in HCV.
PERFLUOROMETHYL-SUBSTITUTED BORANES, THE PREPARATION OF B(SCF3)3

Abstract The new compound tris(trifluoromethylthio)borane, (CF3S)3B, has been prepared by interaction of BBr3 and Hg(SCF3)2 in hydrocarbon solvent. The thioborane is a fairly volatile liquid which decomposes slowly at room temperature yielding BF3 and SCF2. Due to the enhanced Lewis acidity of B(SCF3)3 relative to its proton analog, reaction of the compound with excess trimethylamine gives a white 1:1 adduct whereas B(SCH3)3 does not. The new adduct decomposes in the solid state or in solution to yield (CH3)3NBF3 and a brown-yellow solid material.
Empathetic Mirroring as a Means of Emotional and Cognitive Bias Correction

This study examined the effects of a bias correction manipulation. The manipulation consisted of a defense attorney empathetically mirroring (i.e., acknowledging) mock jurors’ negative emotional reaction to his client, a twice-convicted child molester, then encouraging more systematic evaluation of the evidence in the context of a sexually violent predator civil commitment hearing. Also studied was whether such a bias correction manipulation would impact the persuasiveness of two different types of expert psychological testimony on future dangerousness: pure clinical and actuarial assessments. Participants were undergraduates (N = 130) from small liberal arts colleges in Southern California. The hypothesized effect on verdicts, that mock jurors exposed to the bias correction manipulation would be more lenient than those who were not, was found. However, the bias correction manipulation did not impact the persuasiveness of the different types of expert testimony. Possible explanations and the policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Inorganic Materials and Assembly Techniques for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics

In recent years, important progress has been made in developing design strategies, materials, and associated assembly techniques that provide empowering approaches to electronics with unconventional formats, ones that allow useful but previously hard to realize attributes of function. Notable examples of the progress made include: light weight, large area, high performance electronics, optics, and photonics; electronic and optical systems with curvilinear shapes and capacities for accommodating demanding forms of mechanical flexure; new device form factors for use in sensing and imaging; the integration of high performance electronics in 3-D with demanding nanometer design rules; functional bioresponsive electronics; and advanced hybrid materials systems for lighting, energy storage, and photovoltaic energy conversion. In this report we highlight advances that are enabling such promising capabilities in technology—specifically, the fabrication of device elements using high performance inorganic electronic materials joined with printing and transfer methods to effect their integration within functional modules. We emphasize in this review considerations of the design strategies and assembly techniques that, when taken together, circumvent limitations imposed by approaches that integrate circuit elements within compact, rigid, and essentially planar form factor devices, and provide a transformational set of capabilities for high performance flexible/stretchable electronics.
Play and Art in Existential Trauma Therapy with Children and Their Parents

In existential family trauma therapy play and art can be utilized during the treatment process to help children and their parents hold, tell, master, and honor their trauma experiences and trauma pain. Clinical material is offered to illustrate this existential treatment process.
Abstract factories and the shape calculator

The Shape Calculator is an assignment targeted at CS1 students in an objects-first curriculum. It can serve as a powerful yet entertaining example of the advantages of object-orientation.
Local-language literacy and sustainable development in Africa

Abstract In discussions of Africa in the global North, the term ‘development’ is one of the most often used—though its meaning can be remarkably difficult to pin down. The sustainability of development processes and outcomes is also of current concern in development discourse. If sustainable development can be described in terms of ongoing, enhanced human well-being as well as continued national economic growth, then it requires the full participation of the target community. Development that is ‘done to’ people has little chance of sustainability. The central argument of this paper is that sustainable development, defined as many experts are defining it today, is not possible without attention to questions of language choice and literacy ability. Indeed, experts have recognized that the learning contexts (both formal and nonformal) needed for sustained development in the two-thirds world are currently quite inadequate to the task. Given this fact, the crucial role of language and literacy in truly sustainable development deserves careful attention. In this paper the specific links between language, development and literacy are explored. Examples from across sub-Saharan Africa are then given regarding the impact that is possible when local-language literacy is made part of the broader development picture.
Concanavalin A prevents phorbol-mediated redistribution of protein kinase C and β-adrenergic receptors in rat glioma C6 cells

Abstract Exposure of rat glioma C6 cells to the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) caused an activation of protein kinase C where-in the enzyme rapidly became membrane-bound ( T 1 2 of 15 min). This translocation of protein kinase C from cytosol to membrane was followed by a sequestration of cell surface β-adrenergic receptors and a loss of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. We had reported previously that prior exposure of rat glioma cells to concanavalin A prevents the TPA-mediated sequestration of receptors and desensitization of adenylate cyclase (Kassis et al., 1985). We now show that the concanavalin A treatment also prevents the translocation and activation of protein kinase C. These results are further evidence that in the TPA-treated cells, sequestration of β-adrenergic receptors is mediated by membrane-bound protein kinase C.
Urine leaks in renal transplant patients: Diagnostic usefulness of sonography and renography

Abstract We evaluated the utility of sonography and nuclear medicine renography in the detection of urine leaks in 57 renal transplant patients. Sonography and renography were equally sensitive in detecting leaks. But renography was more specific and therefore accurate p
Low-Energy Electron Scattering from Atomic Nitrogen

The total cross section for the scattering of electrons by atomic nitrogen has been measured as a function of electron energy from 1.6 to 10 ev. An electron gun was developed that produced a more intense beam of electrons than was used for similar experiments with atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen. The number of electrons scattered from a region defined by the intersection of an electron beam and a modulated molecular nitrogen beam was compared with the number scattered when the nitrogen beam was partially dissociated. A pulsed d-c discharge dissociated about 20% of the molecules. The degree of dissociation was measured with a mass spectrometer. From the data, the ratios of atomic to molecular scattering cross sections were obtained. The absolute atomic values were calculated by multiplying these ratios by the molecular nitrogen cross sections obtained by Normand. The results are compared with theoretical estimates of the cross section. (auth)
"But-he'll fall!": children with autism, interspecies intersubjectivity, and the problem of 'being social'

‘Being autistic’ or ‘having Autism Spectrum Disorder’ implies a limited range of ‘being social,’ but the in situ organization of interaction, what Maynard and Marlaire (Qual Soc 15(2):177–202, 1992) call the ‘interactional substrate,’ within which this delimitation enfolds is usually hidden from sight. Analysis of processes constituting different ‘interactional substrates’ provides a view of how one comes to be known by and to self and others as a certain kind of being who is available (or not) for acting and feeling in certain ways. People diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013) are often described as ‘being’ impaired in intersubjective understanding of others. But the story of ASD as an impairment of sociality and intersubjectivity becomes more complicated when animals enter into the picture. I consider two interactional substrates: a psychological interview in a mental health clinic, and an animal-assisted activity in a child’s neighborhood. I aim to elucidate the practical problems of ‘being social’ encountered by two children with ASD, both nine-year-old girls, within these two very differently organized interactional substrates. I consider ways in which ‘being with’ therapy animals provides a way of ‘being social’ through “sensory modalities of knowing” (Haraway, When species meet, 2008:371).
Time management in new product development: Case study findings

Abstract Rapid time-to-market for new products has been recognized as a critical capability for manufacturers aiming to succeed in an arena of time-based competition. This paper summarizes findings from seven case studies on the management of the time dimension in new product development projects. Challenges to achieving rapid time-to-market are identified, and directions for future research on product development projects are addressed.
Self-consistent phonon theory of the crystallization and elasticity of attractive hard spheres

We propose an Einstein-solid, self-consistent phonon theory for the crystal phase of hard spheres that interact via short-range attractions. The approach is first tested against the known behavior of hard spheres, and then applied to homogeneous particles that interact via short-range square well attractions and the Baxter adhesive hard sphere model. Given the crystal symmetry, packing fraction, and strength and range of attractive interactions, an effective harmonic potential experienced by a particle confined to its Wigner-Seitz cell and corresponding mean square vibrational amplitude are self-consistently calculated. The crystal free energy is then computed and, using separate information about the fluid phase free energy, phase diagrams constructed, including a first-order solid-solid phase transition and its associated critical point. The simple theory qualitatively captures all the many distinctive features of the phase diagram (critical and triple point, crystal-fluid re-entrancy, low-density coexistence curve) as a function of attraction range, and overall is in good semi-quantitative agreement with simulation. Knowledge of the particle localization length allows the crystal shear modulus to be estimated based on elementary ideas. Excellent predictions are obtained for the hard sphere crystal. Expanded and condensed face-centered cubic crystals are found to have qualitatively different elastic responses to varying attraction strength or temperature. As temperature increases, the expanded entropic solid stiffens, while the energy-controlled, fully-bonded dense solid softens.
Glycosynthases Enable a Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N-Glycoproteins Carrying Intact Natural N-Glycans

Homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying defined natural N-glycans are essential for detailed structural and functional studies. The transglycosylation activity of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) and Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) holds great potential for glycoprotein synthesis, but the wild-type enzymes are not practical for making glycoproteins carrying native N-glycans because of their predominant activity for product hydrolysis. In this article, we report studies of two endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases, EndoM-N175A and EndoA-N171A, and their usefulness in constructing homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying natural N-glycans. The oligosaccharide oxazoline corresponding to the biantennary complex-type N-glycan was synthesized and tested with the two glycosynthases. The EndoM-N175A mutant was able to efficiently transfer the complex-type glycan oxazoline to a GlcNAc peptide and GlcNAc-containing ribonuclease to form the corresponding homogeneous glycopeptide/glycoprotein. The EndoA-N171A mutant did not recognize the complex-type N-glycan oxazoline but could efficiently use the high-mannose-type glycan oxazoline for transglycosylation. These mutants possess the transglycosylation activity but lack the hydrolytic activity toward the product. Kinetic studies revealed that the dramatically enhanced synthetic efficiency of the EndoA-N171A mutant was due to the significantly reduced hydrolytic activity toward both the Man(9)GlcNAc oxazoline and the product as well as to its enhanced activity for transglycosylation. Thus, the two mutants described here represent the first endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases enabling a highly efficient synthesis of homogeneous natural N-glycoproteins.
Observation of anisotropy in the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays above TeV energies with IceCube

Abstract The IceCube neutrino telescope, completed in December 2010, is a cubic-kilometer scale detector buried under the South Pole ice. Between May 2009 and May 2010, IceCube recorded 32 billion of atmospheric muons generated in air showers produced by cosmic rays in the TeV energy range. This high statistics data sample can be used to look for anisotropy in the arrival directions of the cosmic ray particles at the per-mille level. IceCube observes, for the first time in the southern hemisphere, an energy dependence in the Galactic cosmic ray anisotropy up to a few hundred TeV. This study shows that the same large-scale anisotropy observed at median energies around 20 TeV is not present at 400 TeV; the anisotropy observed at 400 TeV shows substantial differences with respect to that at lower energy. In addition to the large-scale features observed at 20 TeV in the form of strong dipole and quadrupole moments, the data include several localized regions of excess and deficit on scales between 10° and 30°. The features observed at both large and small scales are statistically significant, but their origin is currently unknown.
Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence in the Neobladder Patient

Considering the intent for provision of near-normal urinary function with an orthotopic diversion, issues with voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence manifest substantial impact on quality of life for neobladder patients. Following appropriate functional and anatomic evaluation, often employing cystoscopy and urodynamics, multiple treatment strategies are available for treatment of stress incontinence in this complex patient population. Conservative modalities including pelvic floor physical therapy, behavioral therapies, and general education regarding neobladder diversion are foremost. Pharmacologic therapies may be suitable in select circumstances. Minimally invasive treatments such as transurethral bulking agents can provide improvement for women with stress incontinence following orthotopic diversion; however the risk profile may preclude use in many patients. Midurethral tape technologies, including transobturator and single incision slings, represent a comparatively recent iteration of implements to be considered. The pitfalls of fascial pubovaginal sling include navigation of complex anatomy combined with a high rate of urinary retention. In men, artificial urinary sphincter continues to exemplify an effective continence procedure following neobladder diversion with only a modestly elevated complication profile in these high risk patients. Male sling technologies are additionally gaining appreciation as an option for treatment of sphincteric dysfunction following orthotopic neobladder and forgo several drawbacks associated with artificial sphincter placement.
The Basis of Quality in Muscle Foods THE BAStS OF COLOR IN MUSCLE FOODS

The basis of color in heme-pigmented muscle food of mammalian, avian and marine origin resides in the physiocochemical/electromagnetic properties of the oxygen-carrying heme protein, myoglobin. This paper is a discussion of literature pertaining to the underlying nature and properties of myoglobin and its derivatives that are responsible for the color of fresh, cured and cooked‘red’meat. Factors governing fresh and cured meat color stability and the nature and causes of undesirable changes are also explored. In doing so an attempt is made to interrelate structure, including electronic, with properties.
Solutionizing effects during corrosive wear in 6061 aluminum and composites

Samples of commercial 6061 aluminum alloy in both the monolithic form and reinforced with 0.1 and 0.2 volume fraction of alumina particles were solutionized for 5, 10, and 20 h at 540°C. A transient current generated in the composite material as a result of continuous and impact scratching during the corrosive wear process shows that composites are more sensitive to the microstructural changes taking place during solutionizing than is the monolithic 6061 alloy. The increase in grain size in the alloy during solutionizing does not significantly affect the transient current. Decohesion of the particles in the composites increases the interfacial area, and this interfacial region may act as an anodic site for corrosion to occur. Dislocations generated due to differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion values for alumina particles and aluminum matrix increase the measured transient current.
Clinical application of curvilinear distraction osteogenesis for correction of mandibular deformities.

Purpose To report the use of a semiburied curvilinear distraction device, with a 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography treatment planning system, for correction of mandibular deformities. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective evaluation of 13 consecutive patients, with syndromic and nonsyndromic micrognathia, who underwent correction by curvilinear distraction osteogenesis. A 3D computed tomography scan was obtained for each patient and imported into a 3D treatment planning system (Slicer/Osteoplan). Surgical guides were constructed to localize the osteotomy and to drill holes to secure the distractor's proximal and distal footplates to the mandible. Postoperatively, patients were followed by clinical examination and plain radiographs to ensure the desired vector of movement. At end distraction, when possible, a 3D computed tomography scan was obtained to document the final mandibular position. Results Of the 13 patients, 8 were females and 5 were males, with a mean age of 11.9 years (range 15 months to 39 years). All 13 underwent bilateral mandibular curvilinear distraction. Of the 13 patients, 8 were 16 years old or younger and 5 were younger than 6 years of age. The diagnoses included Treacher Collins syndrome (n = 3), Nager syndrome (n = 3), craniofacial microsomia (n = 2), post-traumatic ankylosis (n = 1), and micrognathia (syndromic, n = 3; nonsyndromic, n = 1). The correct distractor placement, vector of movement, and final mandibular position were achieved in 10 of 13 patients. In the other 3 patients, the desired jaw position was achieved by “molding” the regenerate. Conclusions The use of a semiburied curvilinear distraction device, with 3D treatment planning, is a potentially powerful tool to correct complex mandibular deformities.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess two hormone-sensitive lipase-encoding mRNAs that are differentially expressed and independently regulated by nutritional state

Abstract Teleost fish store lipids among several tissues primarily as triacylglycerol (TG). Upon metabolic demand, stored TGs are hydrolyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). In this study, two distinct cDNAs encoding HSL were isolated, cloned, and sequenced from adipose tissue of rainbow trout. The full-length cDNAs, designated HSL1 and HSL2, were 2562-bp and 2887-bp in length, respectively, and share 82% nucleotide identity. Phylogentic analysis suggests that the two HSLs derive from paralogous genes that may have arisen during a teleost-specific genome duplication event. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that HSL1 and HSL2 were differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues as well as in terms of abundance within selected tissues of juvenile trout. HSL1 and HSL2 mRNAs were detected in the brain, spleen, pancreas, kidney, gill, intestine, heart, and white muscle, but were most abundant in the red muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. HSL1 mRNA was more abundant than HSL2 mRNA in the adipose tissue, whereas HSL2 mRNA was more abundant than HSL1 mRNA in the liver. Short term fasting (4 weeks) increased HSL1 and HSL2 mRNA expression in the adipose tissue, but only HSL1 mRNA levels increased in the liver and the red muscle. During a prolonged fast (6 weeks), there was continued elevation of HSL1 and HSL2 mRNA levels in the liver and muscle; HSL mRNA expression in mesenteric fat declined, coincident with depletion of mesenteric fat mass. Refeeding fish reduced HSL expression to levels seen in continuously fed fish. These findings indicate that the pattern of HSL expression is consistent with the diverse lipid storage pattern of fish and suggest that distinct mechanisms serve to regulate differential expression of the two HSLs in tissues and during a progressive fast.
Weak static magnetic field modulation of myosin phosphorylation in a cell-free preparation: Calcium dependence

Abstract Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent myosin phosphorylation is studied here to assess magnetic field effects on Ca2+ binding. The cell-free reaction mixture was chosen for the phosphorylation rate to be linear in time for several minutes, and to be rate limited by Ca2+. To this end the ratio of substrate to enzyme was