cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Escape Room: Using an Innovative Teaching Strategy for Nursing Students Enrolled in a Maternity Clinical Course

Abstract Nursing students need to think critically and collaborate with others to provide safe care. An innovative teaching strategy using an escape room was implemented as an alternative to a normal simulation experience. This experience allowed nursing students to think critically, work together, and have fun while learning.
Disordered Antigens and Epitope Overlap Between Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies and Rheumatoid Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

OBJECTIVE Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are commonly present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) without a clear rationale for their coexistence. Moreover, autoantibodies develop against proteins with different posttranslational modifications and native proteins without obvious unifying characteristics of the antigens. We undertook this study to broadly evaluate autoantibody binding in seronegative and seropositive RA to identify novel features of reactivity. METHODS An array was created using a total of 172,828 native peptides, citrulline-containing peptides, and homocitrulline-containing peptides derived primarily from proteins citrullinated in the rheumatoid joint. IgG and IgM binding to peptides were compared between cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)-positive RF+, CCP+RF-, CCP-RF+, and CCP-RF- serum from RA patients (n = 48) and controls (n = 12). IgG-bound and endogenously citrullinated peptides were analyzed for amino acid patterns and predictors of intrinsic disorder, i.e., unstable 3-dimensional structure. Binding to IgG-derived peptides was specifically evaluated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed key results. RESULTS Broadly, CCP+RF+ patients had high citrulline-specific IgG binding to array peptides and CCP+RF- and CCP-RF+ patients had modest citrulline-specific IgG binding (median Z scores 3.02, 1.42, and 0.75, respectively; P < 0.0001). All RA groups had low homocitrulline-specific binding. CCP+RF+ patients had moderate IgG binding to native peptides (median Z score 2.38; P < 0.0001). The highest IgG binding was to citrulline-containing peptides, irrespective of protein identity, especially if citrulline was adjacent to glycine or serine, motifs also seen in endogenous citrullination in the rheumatoid joint. Highly bound peptides had multiple features predictive of disorder. IgG from CCP+RF+ patients targeted citrulline-containing IgG-derived peptides. CONCLUSION Disordered antigens, which are frequently citrullinated, and common epitopes for ACPAs and RF are potentially unifying features for RA autoantibodies.
Power-law tail in lag time distribution underlies bacterial persistence

Genetically identical microbial cells respond to stress heterogeneously, and this phenotypic heterogeneity contributes to population survival. Quantitative analysis of phenotypic heterogeneity can reveal dynamic features of stochastic mechanisms that generate heterogeneity. Additionally, it can enable a priori prediction of population dynamics, elucidating microbial survival strategies. Here, we quantitatively analyzed the persistence of an Escherichia coli population. When a population is confronted with antibiotics, a majority of cells is killed but a subpopulation called persisters survives the treatment. Previous studies have found that persisters survive antibiotic treatment by maintaining a long period of lag phase. When we quantified the lag time distribution of E. coli cells in a large dynamic range, we found that normal cells rejuvenated with a lag time distribution that is well captured by an exponential decay [exp(-kt)], agreeing with previous studies. This exponential decay indicates that their rejuvenation is governed by a single rate constant kinetics (i.e., k is constant). Interestingly, the lag time distribution of persisters exhibited a long tail captured by a power-law decay. Using a simple quantitative argument, we demonstrated that this power-law decay can be explained by a wide variation of the rate constant k Additionally, by developing a mathematical model based on this biphasic lag time distribution, we quantitatively explained the complex population dynamics of persistence without any ad hoc parameters. The quantitative features of persistence demonstrated in our work shed insights into molecular mechanisms of persistence and advance our knowledge of how a microbial population evades antibiotic treatment.
Branch crossing behavior and interface states in 1D Inversion Symmetric Quaternary Photonic Crystals using Effective Medium Theory

Effective medium theory is used to model a one dimensional lossy dielectric quaternary photonic crystal as a homogeneous slab. The unit cell of the original crystal is inversion symmetric with layer sequence ACBCA. The behavior of the branch frequency singularities in the effective refractive index is investigated as parameters in the layered structure change. A heterostructure composed of multiple photonic crystals is also modeled with effective medium theory. It is shown that the effective refractive index of such a structure possesses regions of normal dispersion that correspond to localized interface states within the overall regions of anomalous dispersion representing the photonic band gap.
Language ideology revisited

In her contribution, Jillian Cavanaugh tells the story of the emergence of the concept of “language ideologies” that mediate “between the social practice of language and the socioeconomic and political structures within which it occurs.” The concept became an embedded component in analyzing the treatment of minority languages and dialects, and how power relations can be revealed through everyday language use. Today, rather than an overarching framework, language ideology has evolved into a critical point of departure for understanding the intersection between language and various forms of inequality that also require other intellectual tools to fully grasp.
Distribution and overlap of entorhinal, premotor, and amygdalar connections in the monkey anterior cingulate cortex

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for decision-making as it integrates motor plans with affective and contextual limbic information. Disruptions in these networks have been observed in depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Yet, overlap of limbic and motor connections within subdivisions of the ACC is not well understood. Hence, we administered a combination of retrograde and anterograde tracers into structures important for contextual memories (entorhinal cortex), affective processing (amygdala), and motor planning (dorsal premotor cortex) to assess overlap of labeled projection neurons from (outputs) and axon terminals to (inputs) the ACC of adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Our data show that entorhinal and dorsal premotor cortical (dPMC) connections are segregated across ventral (A25, A24a) and dorsal (A24b,c) subregions of the ACC, while amygdalar connections are more evenly distributed across subregions. Among all areas, the rostral ACC (A32) had the lowest relative density of connections with all three regions. In the ventral ACC, entorhinal and amygdalar connections strongly overlap across all layers, especially in A25. In the dorsal ACC, outputs to dPMC and the amygdala strongly overlap in deep layers. However, dPMC input to the dorsal ACC was densest in deep layers, while amygdalar inputs predominantly localized in upper layers. These connection patterns are consistent with diverse roles of the dorsal ACC in motor evaluation and the ventral ACC in affective and contextual memory. Further, distinct laminar circuits suggest unique interactions within specific ACC compartments that are likely important for the temporal integration of motor and limbic information during flexible goal-directed behavior.
Human Resources Practices and Organizational Learning in High and Low In-Group Collectivist Cultures

This study investigated the effect of national culture on the relationships between human resource management practices and continuous improvement and learning within manufacturing organizations. D...
Using Deep Learning Techniques to Search for the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess in MicroBooNE with > 3$\sigma$ Sensitivity

This thesis describes an analysis developed for the MicroBooNE experiment to investigate an anomalous excess of electron-like events observed in the MiniBooNE detector. The hypothesis investigated here is that the MiniBooNE anomaly represents appearance of electron neutrinos. Using an amalgam of novel Deep Learning and standard algorithmic techniques this analysis reconstructs and identifies a highly pure sample of charged current quasi-elastic muon neutrino and electron neutrino interactions. This thesis describes the steps in the analysis chain and provides data-to-simulation comparisons for each step that establish confidence in the final prediction. When interpreted in the context of a $\nu e$ appearance like model, this analysis predicts a 3.2$\sigma$ sensitivity to exclude a standard model fluctuation which would appear as a MiniBooNE like anomaly using $7\times10^{20}$ protons on target of MicroBooNE Data.
Electromagnetic and gravitational responses of photonic Landau levels.

Topology has recently become a focus in condensed matter physics, arising in the context of the quantum Hall effect and topological insulators. In both of these cases, the topology of the system is defined through bulk properties (‘topological invariants’) but detected through surface properties. Here we measure three topological invariants of a quantum Hall material—photonic Landau levels in curved space—through local electromagnetic and gravitational responses of the bulk material. Viewing the material as a many-port circulator, the Chern number (a topological invariant) manifests as spatial winding of the phase of the circulator. The accumulation of particles near points of high spatial curvature and the moment of inertia of the resultant particle density distribution quantify two additional topological invariants—the mean orbital spin and the chiral central charge. We find that these invariants converge to their global values when probed over increasing length scales (several magnetic lengths), consistent with the intuition that the bulk and edges of a system are distinguishable only for sufficiently large samples (larger than roughly one magnetic length). Our experiments are enabled by applying quantum optics tools to synthetic topological matter (here twisted optical resonators). Combined with advances in Rydberg-mediated photon collisions, our work will enable precision characterization of topological matter in photon fluids. Probing the local response of an integer quantum Hall system enables three different measures of its topology to be explored.
Amorphous Si1-yCy composite anode materials: ab initio molecular dynamics for behaviors of Li and Na in the framework.

Although amorphous Si/C composite anode materials with various types of nanostructures Si/C materials have been experimentally proposed for rechargeable ion batteries for their structural durability, the atomistic mechanism primarily suggesting Li and Na monovalent ion intercalation into an amorphous Si/C composite matrix has not theoretically been understood to explore the thermodynamic and kinetic features of the a-Si/C composite phase regarding the effects on the carbon addition to an amorphous Si matrix. In this work, systematic ab initio molecular dynamics calculations (AIMDs) were conducted to identify electrochemical intercalation reactions involved in nanostructure evolutions, which correspond to favorable ion-intercalated formations, volume expansions, pair correlations, charge transfers, and diffusion behaviors of metals in a-MxSi1−yCy (Mx: Lix and Nax) alloys with increasing x contents of atomic concentrations. AIMDs using the a-Si1−yCy composite phase might allow one to have an atomic-level understanding of the composite phase and further insightful comprehension of any implementations such as the controlled ratio of the Si1−yCy composite and multivalent ions inserted into the framework.
Combined inhibition of DDR1 and CDK4/6 induces synergistic effects in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer with PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations

Molecular alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway occur frequently in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors. Patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer are often treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy. Although this is an effective regimen, most patients ultimately progress. The purpose of this study was identifying synthetic lethality partners that can enhance palbociclib's antitumor efficacy in the presence of PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations. We utilized a barcoded shRNA library to determine critical targets for survival in isogenic MCF7 cells with PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations. We demonstrated that the efficacy of palbociclib is reduced in the presence of PIK3CA/AKT1 mutations. We also identified that the downregulation of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is synthetically lethal with palbociclib. DDR1 knockdown and DDR1 pharmacological inhibitor decreased cell growth and inhibited cell cycle progression in all cell lines, while enhanced the sensitivity of PIK3CA/AKT1 mutant cells to palbociclib. Combined treatment of palbociclib and 7rh further induced cell cycle arrest in PIK3CA/AKT1 mutant cell lines. In vivo, 7rh significantly enhanced palbociclib's antitumor efficacy. Our data indicates that DDR1 inhibition can augment cell cycle suppressive effect of palbociclib and could be effective strategy for targeted therapy of ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers with PI3K pathway activation.
Active mobility, active participation: a systematic review of modified ride-on car use by children with disabilities.

BACKGROUND Modified ride-on cars (MROC) are a low-cost option to provide self-directed mobility to children with mobility limitations, in lieu of or as a precursor to other powered mobility devices. OBJECTIVES We appraised evidence to (1) describe and categorize MROC study characteristics, (2) synthesize existing knowledge of children's use of MROCs and (3) frame outcomes within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. METHODS Articles were identified through four electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, PsycNET, and Web of Science. We included all published, peer-reviewed studies involving MROC use. Relevant data were extracted, and articles were appraised using the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine criteria for group and single-subject designs. RESULTS 23 studies met inclusion criteria of 204 titles identified from 1980 to 2021. Study designs included case studies, case series, group designs, and qualitative research, but only three studies were rated evidence level III or higher. Children with a range of disabilities used MROCs across multiple settings, including the home, hospital, and community, though use and adherence varied widely. Positive impacts were reported on a range of outcomes related to the ICF framework, with an emphasis on activity and participation. CONCLUSIONS MROC studies have primarily addressed activity and participation, with most studies suggesting increased functional mobility and social interactions due to MROC use. More robust research designs with larger samples are needed in order to develop evidence-based strategies for MROC use.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPhysical and occupational therapists may consider using MROCs as a therapeutic tool or accessible play opportunity as part of a multi-modal approach to increase children's mobility, family engagement, and participation in community life.Personal (e.g., child's enjoyment) and environmental factors (e.g., caregiver attitudes and stress) must be considered when developing plans of MROC use.
Review Product Distribution Through Different Channels

This study aims to investigate the literature in product distribution and channel competition. In this study, past work related to the product distribution through different channels is extensively reviewed. Based on the channel differentiation, channel competition is also reviewed. Finally, the study proposes that the future research may focus on helping the producer make a decision whether to sell the product through its own direct channel (online) through a physical channel or both based on the difference between these two channels.
Swift's Gulliver's Travels Bk. 1, Ch. 5.

(1990). Swift's Gulliver's Travels Bk. 1, Ch. 5. The Explicator: Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 251-252.
Area-sampling technique for quantitative pharyngeal cultures.

An area-sampling device for obtaining quantitative samples of the oropharyngeal bacterial flora is described and illustrative data are presented. Images
Tyrosine metabolism in Aedes aegypti: Arrest of sclerotization by MON 0585 and diflubenzuron☆

Abstract Lipid from cuticle and viscera sequestered 35 and 40%, respectively, of the diflubenzuron taken up by larvae of Aedes aegypti . The rate of toxicant uptake was linear for the first 2 days of exposure. Following treatment of larvae with a mixture of MON 0585 and diflubenzuron, tanning agents and pigments were discharged into the rearing medium during pupation. In the course of poisoning, body fluids and cuticle accumulated soluble arylated peptides and tanning agents at the expense of the sclerotized mucoprotein complex. Changes in protein composition of the integument were indicated by decreased titers of bound phenylalanine and serine in both the immature and pupal stages, however, visual symptoms of poisoning were absent in larvae. Three amino acids linked to citric acid cycle oxidations, namely, aspartic and glutamic acids and proline, declined sharply in body fluids of poisoned animals while a conjugate resembling N -acetyldopamine- O -glucoside was retained. These biochemical lesions suggest the action of MON 0585 was due to (a) loss of benzenoid precursors of the crosslink to the rearing medium; (b) faulty active transport of tanning agents; and (c) unavailability of receptor sites for arylating groups on side chains destined for bridging.
Breast and cervical cancer screening and disease incidence and stage in New Mexico

Objective: Data on the health impact of breast and cervical cancer screening programs for low-income women are limited. We sought to determine whether a statewide program to provide breast and cervical cancer screening services influenced trends in disease incidence and stage. Methods: We assessed trend data regarding breast and cervical cancer incidence and stage gathered by the New Mexico Tumor Registry and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program before (1975 through 1990) and during (1991 through 1998) implementation of the New Mexico Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program. Results: The incidence of cervical carcinoma in-situ increased rapidly in 1991. The incidence per 100,000 population for in-situ breast cancer (2.9 in 1975–1982, 8.5 in 1983–1990, and 16.8 in 1991–1998) and local breast cancer (39.9 in 1975–1982, 46.5 in 1983–1990, and 61.3 in 1991–1998) also increased during the program operation. Notably, a significant increase in incidence per 100,000 population for regional and distant breast cancer from 1975–1982 (31.5) to 1983–1990 (36.0) declined during the 1991–1998 (33.2) period of program operation. Conclusions: The statewide screening program improved detection of breast and cervical cancer and helped reduce the incidence of advanced stages of breast cancer in a relatively short time period.
Thiamin deficiency. Effect of fatty acids on glucose synthesis in kidney cortex slices from thiamin-deficient rats.

Abstract Glucose synthesis from pyruvate or lactate is significantly decreased in kidney slices from thiamin-deficient rats. The addition of octanoate or preliminary incubation of the tissue with thiamin relieved the impaired rate of glucose synthesis. Moreover, oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of octanoate significantly increased glucose synthesis by kidney slices from both pair-fed control and thiamin-deficient rats.
Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum

Examines the representation of African American culture in mainstream art museums from the 1920s to the 2000s
Using Fear to Encourage Safer Sex

Rogers' (1983) Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) was used as a basis for generating an STD information intervention to encourage positive attitudes toward safer sex practices. PMT identified four components that influence intentions to engage in adaptive behaviors to avoid disease and bodily injury, including (a) perceived severity, (b) perceived vulnerability, (c) responseeff~cacy, and (d) self-efficacy. The effect of severity and response-efficacy messages on safer sex attitudes and intentions of college students was examined in the present study. Those who were exposed to photographs of diseased human genitals (high severity) and messages that presented condoms as effective for reducing STD risk (high responseefficacy) were expected to score highest on percaved STD severity and perceived condom-efficacy. This group was also expected to report the most positive attitudes toward condoms and STD prevention, and the strongest intentions to use condoms in future sexual episodes. The high severity condition...
Searching for Alcoholism Susceptibility Genes Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods offer a rapid parametric approach that can test for linkage throughout the entire genome. It has an advantage similar to nonparametric methods in that the model does not have to be completely specified a priori. However, unlike nonparametric methods, there are no limitations on pedigree size and MCMC methods can also handle relatively complex pedigree structures. In addition MCMC methods can be used to carry segregation analysis in order to answer questions on the genetic components of a disease phenotype. Segregation analysis gave evidence for between two and eight alcoholism susceptibility loci, each having a modest effect on the phenotype. MCMC methods were used to map alcoholism loci using the phenotypes ALDX1 (DSM-III-R and Feighner criteria) and ALDX2 (World Health Organization diagnosis ICD-10 criteria). There was mild evidence for quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 2, 10, and 11.
MBE grown GaInNAs solar cells for multijunction applications

Triple-junction cells composed of III-V materials currently hold the world record for photovoltaic efficiency. In order to further increase cell efficiency in the future 4- and 5-junction cells incorporating a sub-cell with a bandgap of roughly 1.0 eV will be required. In this study 1.0 eV bandgap GaInNAs devices grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy are investigated in terms of materials quality and device performance that show similar or better properties to the best MOVPE grown devices found in the literature. Deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements illustrate that the trap concentrations in the GaInNAs material are significantly lower than that of MOVPE grown material. The internal quantum efficiency (43%), open-circuit voltage (450 mV), short-circuit current density (25.76 mA/cm/sup 2/) and fill-factor (56.4%) of the GaInNAs devices under 1-sun power density 1064 nm radiation are similar to or surpass the properties of the best MOVPE GaInNAs devices found in the literature.
Fear of Floating Needn't Imply Fixed Rates: An OCA Approach to the Operation of Stable Intermediate Currency Regimes

The criteria of the theory of optimum currency areas suggest that many countries are not good candidates for either of the poles of genuinely fixed exchange rates or freely floating exchange rates. Thus, many countries should have an interest in intermediate exchange rate regimes. However, in a world of substantial capital mobility most forms of intermediate exchange rate regimes have proven to be highly crisis prone. This essay argues that the unholy trinity paradigm doesn't imply that intermediate exchange rate regimes are inherently unstable, but rather that exchange rate and monetary policies need to be jointly determined. The difficulties of maintaining such consistency are as much political as economic since temporarily pegged or managed rates create a time inconsistency problem. It is argued that OCA theory provides the framework for determining the appropriate weights and limits on the amount of sterilized intervention to maintain the consistency between exchange rate and monetary policies necessary to avoid currency crises. The paper also considers a number of the issues involved in integrating this approach with the literature on open economy aspects of inflation targeting.
Precautionary Tools for Reshaping Environmental Policy

This well-written, easy-to-read book strives to be a resource and manual of techniques and procedures for applying the “precautionary principle” in new ways to dramatically improve environmental po...
Ensemble averaging techniques for disperse flows

In a number of recent papers by the author and co-workers, a new formalism for the derivation of averaged equations for disperse multiphase flow was developed. The techniques used in those studies are reviewed here in greater detail than was possible in the original publications. Some examples of the application of the formalism to the dilute case are then shown. Considerations on the numerical implementation of the method and on the incorporation of turbulence in the general framework are also given.
Debate on software reuse libraries

Does a single, general-purpose RSL or a domain-specific RSL provide the best method to leverage knowledge and assets across a large organization? My experience indicates the need for at least three fundamentally different types of libraries: local libraries; domain specific libraries; and reference libraries. Can RSLs can effectively interoperate across organizations? There are already come examples of the effective interoperation of reuse libraries. Does an RSL require a formal classification for components stored in the library? As collections grow, users will require more assistance in locating and selecting relevant candidates, but different classification mechanisms are relevant to different types of libraries. Must an RSL provide specialized reuse support, such as user registration, version control and problem notification? There will always be a role for libraries which are operated on a pro bone basis by members of the research community or other altruistic parties. On the other hand, as reuse transitions from a technological basis to an economic basis, there will be users willing to pay for additional services and there will be vendors willing to provide them. >
DEVELOPMENT OF A THREE‐FACTOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSE OF COMMUNITY SCALE

A variety of sense of community measures have been developed, but the identification of latent factors in developed scales to measure this construct has encountered significant psychometric problems involving reliability and validity. We present a new measure called the Psychological Sense of Community Scale, which is based on three distinct ecological domains involving the individual, microsystem, and macrosystem. We used an exploratory factor analysis to investigate our three theoretical domains involving Self (identity and importance to self), Membership (social relationships), and Entity (a group's organization and purpose). Three theoretically derived factors emerged with good measurement model fit, internal reliabilities, and convergent validity. Our study also found multiplicative over additive effects, suggesting each of the three domains is necessary to understand the experience of sense of community. This scale can be adapted to a variety of contexts and situations in future research.
PRISON CONTRABAND SYSTEMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRISON MANAGEMENT

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of contraband control and its relationship to prison control. It is contended that the contraband market structure provides stability to the prison setting. Methods are examined in relation to the flow of contraband, the effects of altering the subrosa sector, and dangers of contraband and the free market system in prison. Finally, suggestions for prison management are provided.
JEAN-BAPTISTE SAY, THE FATHER OF AUSTRIAN PUBLIC FINANCE: VIEWS ON TAXATION

Carl Menger, the founder of the Austrian School of economics, was instrumental in developing the Austrian analytical framework. However, the foundation of Austrian theory predates Menger by centuries. Beginning with the Scholastics of the sixteenth century, there developed a tradition of economic thought on the European continent that includes the French school of the Turgot-Cantillon era. An important link in that chain of thought is the work of Jean-Baptiste Say.1 Austrians have recognized Say’s contributions to economics in general and his link to the Austrian School of thought in particular, 2 particularly his work in the areas of methodology, entrepreneurship, monetary theory, and the theory of value. 3 Say is particularly famous for his Law of Markets, arguing that the problem that limits wealth is not underconsumption (commonly
Surface plasmon assisted Raman scattering from electrochemically controlled adsorbates on flat, single crystal silver

Abstract We have operated a device which exploits surface plasmon field enhancement through the Kretchmann configuration to improve the surface sensitivity of the Raman process. The sample was Ag(111) grown epitaxially on mica. We collected the entire emission cone to realize the full coupling efficiency. With 2 mW of incident radiation at 514.5 nm we obtained a signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 400 with a 600 channel integration time of 400 s in Raman scattering from para-nitrosodimethylaniline at monolayer coverage. When connected to an electrochemical cell, this method enabled us to systematically study mild roughening and the eventual change in surface chemistry. We have shown that even with 2 ML of surface restructuring the adsorption sites for the pNDMA are noticeably more acidic. These sites produce the dominant scattering under normal surface enhanced Raman conditions on randomly rough electrodes.
On the asymptotic minimum number of monochromatic 3-term arithmetic progressions

Let V(n) be the minimum number of monochromatic 3-term arithmetic progressions in any 2-coloring of {1,2,...,n}. We show that167532768n^2(1+o(1))=
Conducting-wall and pressure profile effect on MHD stabilization of axisymmetric mirror

The MHD energy principle is used to examine the stabilization effect of a conducting wall located near the plasma surface. The stabilization effect is maximized when the normal component of the perturbed magnetic field approaches zero (Qn = 0) at the plasma surface. Under this boundary condition, the eigen-equation of the plasma displacement is solved for a two-step flat pressure profile model, which can include both a non-hollow and a hollow pressure profile. Only the rigid m = 1 mode is considered due to the finite-Larmor-radius effect. For an isotropic pressure component, it is found that a hollow profile has better stability than a uniform pressure when the integral of the radial pressure profile is fixed. Implications for plasma experiments and fusion reactors are discussed.
Rank-Order Adaptive CFAR: Performance Bounds and Efficient Implementation

The uniformly most powerful (UMP) rank-order analog to the cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) detector is developed for both the single and multi-scan case. The detector is capable of false alarm control in arbitrary noise while achieving maximum detection probability for the case of a Swerling II target in Gaussian noise. Relationships with earlier tests are discussed. A divide-and-conquer method is developed that allows for rapid implementation of a large class of two-sample rank tests.
Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. Kinetic analysis of [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer from holo ISU to apo Fd: Role of redox chemistry and a conserved aspartate

ISU-type proteins mediate cluster transfer to apo protein targets. Rate constants have been determined for cluster transfer from ISU to apo Fd for both Homo sapiens and Schizosaccharomyces pombe proteins, and cross reactions have also been examined. Substitution of a key aspartate residue of ISU is found to decrease the rate of cluster transfer by at least an order of magnitude (for wild-type Hs ISU cluster transfer to Hs apo Fd, k2 ∼ 540 M-1 min-1, relative 56 M-1 min-1 for D37A ISU). This change in rate constant does not reflect any change in binding affinity of the ISU and Fd proteins. The pH dependencies of cluster transfer rates are similar for WT and D37A ISU, arguing against a role for Asp37 as a catalytic base, although evidence for general base catalysis mediating deprotonation of Cys from the apo target is supported by an observed pKa of 6.9 determined from the pH profiles for both WT and D37A ISU. Such a pKa value is at the lower limit for Cys and is common for solvent-accessible Cys thiols. Th...
It's actual, so it's possible

to reject (3) both (1) and (2) are available to us. But since (2) is not a serious alternative to (1), it cannot be a serious alternative to (3). As these remarks indicate, I am not questioning Putnam's account of the "core"~ meanings of 'true' and 'false.' Nor can I legitimately claim to have proven that three-valued logic has no future as a replacement for two-valued logic within the framework of Putnam's account of these core meanings. However, if I am correct in maintaining that the truth value concepts of a language embedded in three-valued logic must be translatable into a language with a two-valued logic and still meet Putnam's requirements, a consideration of the kinds of translations available would indicate a dim future for three-valued logic.
Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline-containing peptides in man, rat, hamster, dog and monkey after feeding gelatin

Abstract 1. 1. Quantities of free and peptide-bound amino acids were determined in urine of man, rat, hamster, dog and monkey fed normal and gelatin-containing diets. 2. 2. In man dietary gelatin resulted in an increased excretion of bound hydroxyproline without a change in free hydroxyproline excretion. 3. 3. In rats and hamster both bound and free urinary hydroxyproline was evaluated when the diet contained gelatin. 4. 4. The quantities of free and bound urinary hydroxyproline in the dogs and monkeys was the same whether the animals ingested a normal diet or a diet containing gelatin.
Care of the Chronically Mentally Ill: A Continuing Challenge to Nursing

Historically, nursing has differentiated its Junctions from those of medicine by talcing the position that nursing's primary function is to care for clients while physicians focus on curing them. One might speculate therefore, that nurses should be more effective than other members of the team in caring for the chronically mentally ill especially in terms of the needs of these specific clients. Supportive or care interventions vis-a-vis change or cure interventions are essential. This is not to say that change and cure are impossible. Effective care and support interventions can and do lead to change. This paper supports the position that psychiatric nurses have greater potential for contacting and helping the chronically mentally ill client than other mental health professionals and challenges them to assume the responsibility. The philosophic (holistic) and conceptual (eclectic) bases of nursing preparation are explored. The profile of the client, their needs, and strategies of nursing care are discusse...
XUV resist characterization: studies with a laser plasma source

A monochromatized laser-produced plasma source of XUV radiation has been used to study resists for use in projection x-ray lithography. We report the characterization of exposure sensitivity and contrast of poly(cyclohexylmethyl-co-trimethylsilylmethylsilane) (CMTMS) at photon energies near 100 eV, where projection x-ray lithography is being developed. Using monochromatized XUV exposures on the Si-Si a resonance at 105 eV, followed by solvent dissolution development, the polysilane yields positive tone, exhibiting a sensitivity of 600 mJ/cm2 to achieve a saturation depth of 0.17 p.m and a contrast of 1.4. Beyond this saturation dose, the tone is observed to reverse (i.e. greater doses yield smaller developed depths). Exposure sensitivity measurements have also been performed below the edge at 92 eV where we find only minor differences in contrast and saturation dose from the results at 105 eV. These can be accounted for by a simple decrease in film absorption. The exposure sensitivities of selected commercially-available electron beam resists have also been characterized. Two PMMA resists (M =74 K and 500 K) and the novolac-based SYSThM-9 (Shipley Co.) have been exposed to monochromatized radiation at 140 A. PMMA exhibits a sensitivity of 600 mJ/cm2 (0.58 m developed depth) and a contrast of 1.8 while the SYSTEMTh-9 resist requires only 22 mJ/cm2 (0.43 j.tm depth) and exhibits a contrast of 4. 1.
Capital Allocation and the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981

The obvious economic, although not political, solution to the overinvestment in owner-occupied housing in the 1970s would be to tax owner-occupied hous ing more heavily, thereby raising its user cost relative to that of industrial capital.
A semiclassical theory of underdamped nonlinear Brownian processes

Abstract In the limit of weak noise, the conditional probabilities of a damped, noise-driven anharmonic oscillator can be expressed (at least formally) in terms of solutions to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (“Onsager-Machlup” equation) of fourth order in the time derivative. In the case of a one-dimensional oscillator, this equation is recast in the form of a mapping; and in the limit of long time and weak time-independent friction, it is shown how to reduce the iteration of this map to quadratures. This procedure is checked by using it to reproduce a number of standard results usually derived in other ways. In connection with the statistical mechanics of electron-positron colliding-beam storage rings, an attempt is also made to apply this mapping formalism to the case of weak, periodically time-dependent friction. When no frequency in the Fourier decomposition of the friction coefficient is close to an (even, for symmetric potentials) integral multiple of the (amplitude-dependent) frequency of the oscillator, then results can be derived that parallel those obtained in the case of constant friction. Otherwise (“thermal resonance”) the situation is not clear.
Protective cellular responses elicited by vaccination with influenza nucleoprotein delivered by a live recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine.

Orally administered recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASVs) elicit humoral and mucosal immune responses against the immunizing antigen. The challenge in developing an effective vaccine against a virus or an intracellular bacterium delivered by RASVs is to introduce the protective antigen inside the host cell cytoplasm for presentation to MHC-I molecules for an efficient cell mediated immune response. To target the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) into the host cell cytosol, we constructed a regulated delayed lysis in vivo RASV strain χ11246(pYA4858) encoding influenza NP with a chromosomal deletion of the sifA gene to enable it to escape from the endosome prior to lysis. Oral immunization of mice with χ11246(pYA4858) (SifA−) with 3 booster immunizations resulted in complete protection (100%) against a lethal influenza virus (rWSN) challenge (100 LD50) compared to 25% survival of mice immunized with the isogenic χ11017(pYA4858) (SifA+) strain. Reducing the number of booster immunizations with χ11246(pYA4858) from 3 to 2 resulted in 66% survival of mice challenged with rWSN (100 LD50). Immunization with χ11246(pYA4858) via different routes provided protection in 80% orally, 100% intranasally and 100% intraperitoneally immunized mice against rWSN (100 LD50). A Th1 type immune response was elicited against influenza NP in all experiments. IFN-γ secreting NP147–155 specific T cells were not found to be correlated with protection. The role of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells remains to be determined. To conclude, we showed that Salmonella can be designed to deliver antigen(s) to the host cell cytosol for presumably class I presentation for the induction of protective immune responses.
Localization and distribution of gap junctions in normal and cardiomyopathic hamster heart.

Gap junctions in mammalian heart function to provide low-resistance channels between adjacent cells for passage of ions and small molecules. It is clear that the almost unrestricted passage of ions between cells, ionic coupling, is required for coordinate and synchronous contraction. This knowledge of gap junction function has made it important to study their properties in normal and abnormal tissues. In the present study, we analyzed gap junction distribution in normal and cardiomyopathic heart tissue utilizing immunofluorescent and electron microscopy techniques. Frozen, unfixed sections of age-matched normal and cardiomyopathic cardiac tissues were immunofiuorescently stained using an antibody directed against a specific peptide sequence of the connexin-43 gap junction protein. These studies revealed a characteristic punctate staining pattern for the intercalated discs in normal tissues. Some of the intercalated discs in cardiomyopathic hearts appeared to stain normally; however, others stained diffusely. The pixel intensity distribution of the confocal images demonstrated a marked difference of up to 90% increase in the number of pixels in cardiomyopathic myocardium (CM), yet the pixel intensity of gap junctions had a decrease of approximately 60%. This suggests the possibility that connexin-43 is present in CM cells in significant quantity; however, it does not become localized on the membranes as in normal cells. Electron-microscopic findings corroborate these observations on CM cells by showing an irregular distribution of intercalated discs relatively smaller in size with abnormal orientation and distribution. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Premarital counseling: Approaches, objectives, content, and evaluation—a bibliography

A major problem for the premarital counselor is that the literature in the field is scattered throughout numerous journals and books representing several disciplines. Since counselors tend to subscribe to and read the literature from their own academic discipline, they may be unaware of what is being written elsewhere. This article contains a bibliography of what the authors consider to be the most relevant books and articles on premarital counseling published by the various disciplines. For the convenience of the reader, each listing is also coded as to its content.
Marine Stratocumulus Layers. Part 1: Mean Conditions

Abstract The mean radiational, dynamical and thermodynamical structure of the marine stratocumulus-topped mixed layers of the California coast is described for two days in June 1976 using data from the NCAR Electra aircraft. We suggest that the synoptic conditions found may be typical of about half of the shallow stratocumulus-topped boundary layers that occur in this region during summer. The inversion was low near the coast and increased in height to the west, consistent with the average westward increase in sea-surface temperature. North–south inversion height change was largely due to entrainment and mean mesoscale vertical motions. Below the inversion, strong winds (12–20 m s−1 from the north) and horizontal inhomogeneities resulted in large advection terms in mean field equations. The sloping inversion often produced large vertical shears of the actual and geostrophic wind velocities across the inversion. Because of low liquid-water contents (0.1 g kg−1), temperature and water vapor could be measure...
5-Aryluracils as potent GnRH antagonists : Characterization of atropisomers

Optimization of a series of uracils bearing a 2-fluoro- or 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl group at the 5-position resulted in compounds such as 3d and 3f with subnanomolar binding affinity at the human GnRH receptor. While the 2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl compound 3a was characterized as a mixture of interchangeable atropisomers, the diastereoisomers of 2-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl analogs were separated. It was found that the aR-atropisomer was much more potent than the aS-isomer based on the X-ray crystal structure of 3h-II.
Pathomechanisms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: conceptual issues

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) by definition are a subset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) that arise out of occupational exposures. While traditional exposure assessment techniques have proved to be successful in identifying ergonomic exposures that are epidemiologically linked to these disorders, some are troubled by the lack of one-to-one correspondence between specific occupational exposure profiles and specific MSDs. In the absence of more sophisticated hypotheses that might explain the occurrence of WRMSDs in a variety of exposure patterns, the aetiologic relationships may (again) be called into question. Another unanswered question is whether specific types of WRMSDs have qualitatively different exposure-response relationships. A clearer understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms associated with specific WRMSDs could help future researchers better determine how and when various occupational exposure profiles become pathogenic. Such knowledge could also be used to design exposure assessment tools to capture exposure information more relevant to the risk of WRMSDs. The main goals of this paper are to summarize several recently described pathomechanisms, most of which have been discussed primarily in clinical and experimental literature that might not be widely read by occupational health scientists. Suggestions are made as to how future research could evaluate whether these phenomena are relevant to the effects of physical exposures and the underlying disease processes of common WRMSDs.
The evolution of the Streptanthus glandulosus complex (Cruciferae): genetic divergence and gene flow in serpentine endemics

An analysis of the levels and distribution of allozyme variation in the Streptanthus glandulosus species complex was undertaken to test paradigms of speciation processes in the context of serpentine endemism. Electrophoretic analysis of 21 putative enzyme loci in 1,224 individuals representing 56 populations revealed extensive intrapopulational variation and interpopulational divergence. Estimates of gene flow among populations within taxa are typically lower than is theoretically needed to counteract the effects of genetic drift (i.e., Nm values are below 0.5), suggesting that drift may play a significant role in the evolution of the complex. A cluster analysis of genetic identities between populations using UPGMA demonstrates geographically structured groupings, some of which include neighboring populations of different taxa. Moreover, the genetic identity between two populations is correlated with the distance by which they are separated. The results are consistent with a hypothesis of a paleoendemic origin of the complex. The ancestor of the complex (perhaps S. glandulosus ssp. glandulosus) probably was formerly distributed more continuously across serpentine and nonserpentine habitat throughout its range. Elimination of the nonserpentine populations allowed regional and population-level divergence, following a model of geographic speciation. Rare and endemic species are intrinsically fascinating
Growth of GaAs by vacuum atomic layer epitaxy using tertiarybutylarsine

We report the results of GaAs grown by vacuum atomic layer epitaxy using trimethylgallium (TMGa) and tertiarybutylarsine (TBAs) as the group III and V sources. The growth rate saturates at one monolayer per cycle for a wide range of growth parameters. The temperature window for monolayer growth is as wide as 70°C. All the films are p-type with the carrier concentration depending on the exposure conditions of TMGa and TBAs.