cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scientific letter: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, 3-month crossover trial of night-time oxygen therapy in advanced systolic heart failure

To the Editor: Three unblinded studies of night-time oxygen in patients with Cheyne Stokes Respirations and congestive heart failure (CSR-CHF) showing subjective improvements in exercise capacity, and New York Heart Association Classification versus parallel controls, and an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction of between 5% and 10%,1–3 were undertaken. On the basis of these studies, it was found that home oxygen therapy is in widespread use and is covered by national insurance in Japan, but is not sanctioned by international CHF guidelines. Respiratory-based therapies are subject to placebo effect, and oxygen is no exception.4 Amid concern regarding the inadequacy of the scientific basis for the prescription of night-time oxygen therapy, two additional trials in the UK (ISRCTN60260702) and Australia (ACTRN12609000103268) are in early enrolment. In discussing these ongoing studies, a tepid recommendation for the use of night-time oxygen was stated. …
What Magis Really Means and Why It Matters

Many definitions of the magis are proffered in Jesuit circles, not all of which are clear or helpful. The best definition, in terms of practicality, fidelity to the sources, and correspondence to other Ignatian themes, is “the more universal good.” It is closely linked to the unofficial motto of the Society of Jesus, “For the Greater Glory of God.”
Explicativity: a mathematical theory of explanation with statistical applications

By explicativity is meant the extent to which one proposition or event explains why another one should be believed. Detailed mathematical and philosophical arguments are given for accepting a specific formula for explicativity that was previously proposed by the author with much less complete discussion. Some implications of the formula are discussed, and it is applied to several problems of statistical estimation and significance testing with intuitively appealing results. The work is intended to be a contribution to both philosophy and statistics.
Longitudinal Relations Between Children's Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood : 1977-1992

Although the relation between TV-violence viewing and aggression in childhood has been clearly demonstrated, only a few studies have examined this relation from childhood to adulthood, and these studies of children growing up in the 1960s reported significant relations only for boys. The current study examines the longitudinal relations between TV-violence viewing at ages 6 to 10 and adult aggressive behavior about 15 years later for a sample growing up in the 1970s and 1980s. Follow-up archival data (N = 450) and interview data (N = 329) reveal that childhood exposure to media violence predicts young adult aggressive behavior for both males and females. Identification with aggressive TV characters and perceived realism of TV violence also predict later aggression. These relations persist even when the effects of socioeconomic status, intellectual ability, and a variety of parenting factors are controlled.
Nicotine Enhances Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Glutamatergic Neurotransmission to Activate Cardiac Parasympathetic Neurons

Abstract —Although peripheral cholinergic neurotransmission has long been known to play a pivotal role in the control of heart rate and blood pressure, recent evidence has suggested that central cholinergic mechanisms may be involved in the genesis of hypertension, anxiety, cardiorespiratory control, and, in particular, the respiratory modulation of heart rate. Yet, the sites, mechanisms, and receptor subtypes involved in the action of nicotine within the central nervous system are controversial. The present study demonstrates that nicotine has at least 3 sites of action to increase the activity of vagal cardiac neurons. Nicotine, but not muscarinic agonists, activates postsynaptic receptors and a depolarizing inward current in vagal cardiac neurons studied with the perforated patch-clamp technique in a visualized brain stem slice. In addition, nicotine acts at different presynaptic and postsynaptic sites to facilitate glutamatergic neurotransmission. Presynaptic nicotinic receptors increase the frequency of transmitter release and are sensitive to block by α-bungarotoxin. Nicotine also elicits a previously undescribed augmentation of postsynaptic non-NMDA currents. The presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors may prove to be future targets in the search for agonists to increase vagal cardiac activity and reduce the fatality associated with cardiac hyperexcitability and for antagonists to reduce cardiac vagal activity in pathological conditions associated with abnormally low heart rates and cardiac function such as sudden infant death syndrome.
Artists as godfathers: Parmigianino and Correggio in the baptismal registers of Parma

The sacrament of baptism establishes, by definition, bonds of spiritual kinship between a parent and a godparent known as compaternitas, or co-parenthood. This essay transcribes two hitherto unpublished entries in the registers of the Parma Baptistery that indicate Francesco Mazzola (1503–1540), better known as Parmigianino, and Antonio Allegri (1489?–1534), called Correggio after his native town – the two most celebrated artists then working in Parma – stood as godfathers for the children of other artists. The first entry clarifies a matter of confusion in the literature, whereas the second entry provides new evidence for Correggio's continued presence in his adopted city. The documents also invite us more broadly to consider the interaction among artists – some famous, others now obscure – in early sixteenth-century Parma.
Dynamic Programming of Economic Growth

In the present paper a class of problems of optimal economic growth is formulated in terms of the ‘functional equation’ approach of dynamic programming (Bellman, 1957).2 A study is made of the continuity and concavity properties of the state valuation function, i.e. the function indicating the maximum total discounted welfare (utility) that can be achieved starting from a given initial state of the economy. Under suitable conditions this function is characterized by a certain functional equation. Both the cases of a finite and an infinite planning horizon are treated, the latter case being discussed under the assumption of constant technology and tastes. Here iteration of a certain transformation associated with the functional equation is shown to provide convergence to the state valuation function. Exact solutions are given for the case of linear-logarithmic production and welfare functions.
Methodology to forecast product returns for the consumer electronics industry

One important aspect of reverse logistics is to have a correct and timely estimation of return flow of material. Improved forecast accuracy can lead to a better decision making in strategic, tactical and operational areas of the organization. Very little research has been done about the forecasting aspect of reverse logistics. For higher forecast accuracy, more robust method is required. The methodology presented here is based on the return reason codes (RC). The incoming returns are split into different categories using return reason codes. These reason codes are further analyzed to forecast returns. The computation part of this model uses a combination of two approaches namely extreme point approach and central tendency approach. Both the approaches are used separately for separate types of reason codes and then results are added together. The extreme point approach is based upon data envelopment analysis (DEA) as a first step combined with a linear regression while central tendency approach uses a moving average. For certain type of returns, DEA evaluates relative ranks of the products using single input and multiple outputs. Once this is completed, linear regression defines a correlation between relative rank (predictor variable) and return quantity (response variable). For the remaining type of returns we use a moving average of percent returns to estimate the central tendency. Thus, by combining two approaches for different types of return reason codes, we have developed a model that can be used to forecast product returns for the consumer electronics industry.
Some properties of human serum lipoproteins.

SummaryNormal, postabsorptive, human serum was fractionated by means of the ultra-centrifuge and the lipoproteins studied with the aid of paper chromatography, ionophoresis and by chemical procedures. The characteristic features of β1-lipoprotein and methods for its isolation are described.
Comparative Perspectives on E-government: Serving Today and Building for Tomorrow, by Peter Hernon, Rowena Cullen, and Harold C. Relyea (Eds.)

This edited volume brings fresh research perspectives on comparative e-government. The authors provide in-depth analyses of the evolution, nature, and emerging impact of e-government on public serv...
Evaluation of Performance in Health Care

The health care industry faces new challenges every day, and comprises one-seventh of the gross national product (GNP) in the United States. New regulations, new technologies, and new organizations are being created continuously as a result of public policy. Managers of health care need to respond to these challenges with sound performance evaluation and decision making. This book will offer state-of-the-art performance evaluation methods as well as relevant and current examples to aid practicing managers, researchers new to this discipline, and students studying in this field.
Stable expression of the cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger in CHO cells

A line of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells called CK1.4 was produced by transfection with the gene for the bovine cardiac Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger. CK1.4 cells stably expressed substantial exchange ac...
What is the Learning Curve for Laparoscopic Major Hepatectomy

Laparoscopic liver resection is rapidly expanding with more than 9500 cases performed worldwide. While initial series reported non-anatomic resection of benign peripheral hepatic lesions, approximately 50–65 % of laparoscopic liver resections are now being done for malignant tumors, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or colorectal cancer liver metastases (mCRC). We performed a literature review of published studies evaluating outcomes of major laparoscopic liver resection, defined as three or more Couinaud segments. Initial fears of adverse oncologic outcomes or tumor seeding have not been demonstrated, and dozens of studies have reported comparable 5-year disease-free and overall survival between laparoscopic and open resection of HCC or mCRC in case-cohort and propensity score-matched analyses. Increased experience has led to laparoscopic anatomic liver resections including laparoscopic major hepatectomy. A steep learning curve of 45–60 cases is evident for laparoscopic hepatic resection. Laparoscopic major hepatectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of benign and malignant liver tumors when performed in specialized centers with dedicated teams. Comparable to other complex laparoscopic surgeries, laparoscopic major hepatectomy has a learning curve of 45–60 cases.
FAST TRANSONIC AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS SUITABLE FOR THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN ENVIRONMENT

Transonic flow simulations for a variety of complex three-dimensional configurations, including a wing-body-nacelle geometry, am presented. The numerical approach utilizes a chimera zonal grid scheme for solving the full potential equation. A new chimera fringe-point updating procedure is introduced that improves convergence. All aspects of the solution process, including surface grid generation, wing-fuselage line of intersection computation, volume grid generation, chimera hole cutting, chimera donor-cell search, and the flow solver, are self-contained and automated. Emphasis is placed on demonstrating the effect of geometric perturbations on aerodynamic performance. The new scheme is fast and efficient, taking only several minutes of wall-clock turnaround time per case on a moderate-speed workstation. The resulting tool is ideal for use in the preliminary design environment. moduction The goal of this paper is to present results from a new transonic aerodynamic analysis routine that utilizes a chimera zonal grid approach for solving the full potential equation. The chimera or overset grid approach is a versatile technique for obtaining aerodynamic results for complex geometric configurations including reasonably complete aircraft In this zonal grid approach a separate boundary confoning grid is generated about each major feature of a complex aerodynamic configuration. Each boundary grid point receives its boundary condition information from either freestream, flow tangency (assuming the solver is invfscid), symmetry, or from another component grid using interpolation. Some of the grid cells generated for one component of the geometry may have grid points that lie inside other components of the geometry. Computations at such points am handled by an “IBLANK army multiplier,” which has a value associated with each
Resting Spore Germination in Synchytrium Australe in Relation to its Classification

Synchytrium includes at present more than 150 reported species, but in only sixteen of these has resting spore or zygote germination been observed. Consequently, the complete life cycles of very few species are known, and it is impossible to classify most of the Synchytrium spe? cies into subgenera. Species of this genus are divided conveniently into two groups on the basis of whether they are longor short-cycled, and within these groups several subgenera have been created from time to time. In attempting to devise a rational system of classification based on developmental cycles, the author (1953) used the method of resting spore germination, i.e., whether it functions as a sporangium or a sorus or prosorus, as an additional criterion for distinguishing the subgenera of Synchytrium. According to this system long-cycle species like S. australe, S. zygogonii, S. endobioticum, etc, which develop prosori prior to the formation of sori and sporangia, are grouped into two subgenera, Microsynchytrium and Mesochytrium, but the final inclusion of such species in either of these groups depends on whether the resting spore functions as a sporangium or prosorus in germination. Thus, use of this key to the subgenera of Synchytrium involves knowledge of the complete developmental cycle of a species, and as such it emphasizes the need for more intensive study of the development of individual spe? cies, which has been lacking in most studies made during the last two decades.
Abstract 1979: Algebraic factorization of gene expression profiles reveals subtype-specific drug sensitivities among 54 breast cancer cell lines

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with reproducible and prognostically important subclasses. Breast cancer cell lines are widely used to study preclinical investigational agents, but the relationships, if any, between breast cancer subclass and drug response are not well understood. To help bridge this gap, we have profiled drug responses across a large panel of well-annotated breast cancer cell lines. In order to translate in vitro drug responses into clinically useful predictions, it is important that the cell line panel be organized into subtypes representative of the cancer subtype diversity found in the clinic. Recent studies have demonstrated that an algebraic clustering method known as “non-negative matrix factorization” (NMF) can be applied to gene expression profiles to resolve clinically meaningful cancer subtypes in greater detail than achievable using other clustering methods. To test whether NMF improves our ability to resolve drug sensitivities in breast cancer cell lines, we clustered pretreatment gene expression profiles of 54 breast cancer cell lines using two different methods: (1) NMF-based consensus clustering and (2) hierarchical consensus clustering. Using NMF-based consensus, we identified five robust subtypes (two Basal-A, one Basal-B and two Luminal classes). In contrast, using hierarchical consensus clustering, we could identify only three robust subtypes (one Basal-A, one Basal-B and one Luminal class). The drug response profiles were then segregated by subtype to determine whether either of the two clustering methods improves our ability to resolve drug sensitivities. Of the 67 drug compounds included in our study, the 5-subtype NMF-based classification scheme revealed three compounds (AG1024, CPT-11 and topotecan) exhibiting subtype-specific drug effects (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1979.
Review of the Gall-Inhabiting Weevils of the Genus Anthonomus, with Description and Biology of a New Species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The biology, distribution, and taxonomy of 7 species of Anthonomus ( aeneolus Dietz, irroratus Dietz, cycliferus Fall, haematopus Boheman, juniperinus (Sanborn), morulus LeConte, and suturalis LeConte) which live as inquilines in various kinds of plant galls are reviewed. Some new biological data are presented for several of the species. A. ligatus Dietz, the only member of the genus which is known to be a gall incitant, is discussed. In addition, descriptions are included for the adult, larva, and pupa of A. convictus Gates which has been found to develop in galls of the lepidopteron, Heliozella aesella Chambers, on the leaves of the mustang grape, Vitis mustangensis Buckl. The taxonomic relationships and the biology of this species are treated in detail. It is apparently most closely related to A. haematopus . There is some evidence that 3 additional species of Anthonomus are associated with galls; these weevils are briefly discussed.
Stability Analysis of Quantum-Cascade Lasers with Intracavity Nonlinearity and Group-Velocity Dispersion

Both amplitude and phase instabilities of mid-infrared quantum-cascade lasers were analyzed in the presence of group-velocity dispersion and a background saturable absorber in the lasing medium. The effect of group-velocity dispersion is found to be more significant at lower pumping level and with a weaker saturable absorber.
Research on the Airfight Model of Battleplanes in the Aerial Defence of City

In this paper the airfight course of battleplanes,which happens in the aerial defense of the city,is analyzed.And the airfight model of battleplanes is designed.And the task elements and the description of course are given.And how to calculate the loss of airfight is illumi-nated.At the end of the paper,the sketch map for logic designing is offered.
Sparse Systems and Electric Power Plant Ash Removal System Energy Saving Methods and Economic Analysis

Based on the running time of a power plant within six months of the auxiliary power consumption rate and partial transfer of data analysis,determine the power plant systems and sparse gray ESP system has larger energy space.Heat loss calculation method used to calculate energy savings.
Countermeasures of China's Scientific Development of Low-carbon Economy

The global warming has become the world people and the government was concerned about the hot spots,which affect the deterioration of the environment for human survival and sustained economic growth constraints.Therefore,changing energy structure,the development of low-carbon economy has become an urgent task.Compared to high-carbon economy,low-carbon economy is low consumption,low emissions,low pollution and a sustainable development model of economic development.The development of low-carbon economy is also facing many problems,must be guided by the concept of scientific development,and take effective measures to ensure the sustainable development of low-carbon economy,the realization of mankind's civilization and progress and social harmony.
Radioactive Tracers in Hematologic Disease: II

Iron isotopes are refining blood volume determinations, permitting differentiation of such problems as erythrocytosis and reduced plasma volume; they help identify sources of occult bleeding and make possible in vivo cross-matching in difficult cases. Cobalt-labeled vitamin B12 facilitates study of deficiency states. These are but a few examples of the varied contributions nuclear medicine is making to the hematologist's diagnostic tools.
De novo protein conformational sampling using a probabilistic graphical model

Efficient exploration of protein conformational space remains challenging especially for large proteins when assembling discretized structural fragments extracted from a protein structure data database. We propose a fragment-free probabilistic graphical model, FUSION, for conformational sampling in continuous space and assess its accuracy using 'blind' protein targets with a length up to 250 residues from the CASP11 structure prediction exercise. The method reduces sampling bottlenecks, exhibits strong convergence, and demonstrates better performance than the popular fragment assembly method, ROSETTA, on relatively larger proteins with a length of more than 150 residues in our benchmark set. FUSION is freely available through a web server at http://protein.rnet.missouri.edu/FUSION/.
All Malignancies of Infants/Toddlers

Cancers of children under age five are diverse in histology, in pattern of occurrence, and probably in etiology, although they tend to be regarded as a group by the public. Although these malignancies are uncommon, their importance transcends their numbers because of their tragic impact. The most common malignancies among pre-school children in the United States are the childhood leukemias, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The second most important group are brain malignancies, followed by neuroblastomas, sarcomas, and rarer neoplasms such as Wilms tumors. Malignancies of infants and toddlers occur slightly more often in boys than girls, but are no more common in Los Angeles than in other parts of the country and the developed world. All racial/ethnic groups are at risk, but white and Latino children are affected slightly more often. Incidence has been rather stable over the period in the county as a whole, although it seems to have decreased slightly over the period among the residents of high-risk census tracts. The census tracts at high risk are scattered throughout the county, and after adjustment for social class, none are adjacent to one another. All racial/ethnic groups are at risk, but white and Latino children are affected slightly more often.
Comparative Canopy Biology and the Structure of Ecosystems

The way ecologists think about canopy biology as a scientific discipline could lead them to overlook different communities of spatially fixed organisms that may have properties usefully compared to or contrasted with forest canopies. This chapter represents a series of discussions and reviews on the possible nature and limits of canopy biology and introduces the prospect of a general comparative science of biological canopies.
Outer Membrane Vesicle Production Facilitates LPS Remodeling and Outer Membrane Maintenance in Salmonella during Environmental Transitions

ABSTRACT The ability of Gram-negative bacteria to carefully modulate outer membrane (OM) composition is essential to their survival. However, the asymmetric and heterogeneous structure of the Gram-negative OM poses unique challenges to the cell’s successful adaption to rapid environmental transitions. Although mechanisms to recycle and degrade OM phospholipid material exist, there is no known mechanism by which to remove unfavorable lipopolysaccharide (LPS) glycoforms, except slow dilution through cell growth. As all Gram-negative bacteria constitutively shed OM vesicles (OMVs), we propose that cells may utilize OMV formation as a way to selectively remove environmentally disadvantageous LPS species. We examined the native kinetics of OM composition during physiologically relevant environmental changes in Salmonella enterica, a well-characterized model system for activation of PhoP/Q and PmrA/B two-component systems (TCSs). In response to acidic pH, toxic metals, antimicrobial peptides, and lack of divalent cations, these TCSs modify the LPS lipid A and core, lengthen the O antigen, and upregulate specific OM proteins. An environmental change to PhoP/Q- and PmrA/B-activating conditions simultaneously induced the addition of modified species of LPS to the OM, downregulation of previously dominant species of LPS, greater OMV production, and increased OMV diameter. Comparison of the relative abundance of lipid A species present in the OM and the newly budded OMVs following two sets of rapid environmental shifts revealed the retention of lipid A species with modified phosphate moieties in the OM concomitant with the selective loss of palmitoylated species via vesiculation following exposure to moderately acidic environmental conditions. IMPORTANCE All Gram-negative bacteria alter the structural composition of LPS present in their OM in response to various environmental stimuli. We developed a system to track the native dynamics of lipid A change in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium following an environmental shift to PhoP/Q- and PmrA/B-inducing conditions. We show that growth conditions influence OMV production, size, and lipid A content. We further demonstrate that the lipid A content of OMVs does not fit a stochastic model of content selection, revealing the significant retention of lipid A species containing covalent modifications that mask their 1- and 4′-phosphate moieties under host-like conditions. Furthermore, palmitoylation of the lipid A to form hepta-acylated species substantially increases the likelihood of its incorporation into OMVs. These results highlight a role for the OMV response in OM remodeling and maintenance processes in Gram-negative bacteria.
On optimal fusion architecture for a two-sensor tandem distributed detection system

The paper revisits the classical problem of determining the optimal communication direction in a two-sensor fusion system. For the problem of signal detection in additive Gaussian noises, the paper attempts to reconcile the difference in existing literature about which sensor ought to serve as the fusion center for optimal detection performance. While there has been no general conclusion as to which direction is preferred for general detection problems, we establish that for the aforementioned Gaussian problem, having the better sensor, i.e., the sensor with higher signal to noise power ratio, serving as the fusion center is preferred for better detection performance. This is true for the cases of both deterministic signal detection and the Gaussian random signal detection.
Situated teacher quality: a case study of an experienced elementary school teacher

AbstractThis case study examines how an experienced teacher’s practice and pedagogy differs across two high-accountability urban charter schools in the United States of America (USA). Drawing on semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the findings describe variances in Rebecca’s planning, use of classroom time, and curriculum flexibility, and their intersection with her negotiated autonomy. Implications attend to the situated nature of teacher quality, as well as teacher appraisal and retention.
Steering into the Skid: On the Norms of Critical Thinking

Cognitive bias presents as a pressing challenge to critical thinking education. While many have focused on how to eliminate or mitigate cognitive bias, others have argued that these biases are better understood as result from adaptive reasoning heuristics which are, in the right conditions, rational modes of reasoning about the world. This approach presents a new challenge to critical thinking education: if these heuristics are rational under the right conditions, does teaching critical thinking undermine student abilities to reason effectively in real life reasoning scenarios? I argue that this challenge calls for a reconception of the goals of critical thinking education to focus on how rational ideals are best achieved or approximated in human reasoners. Critical thinking educators should focus on developing the metacognitive skill to recognize when different cognitive strategies (including the heuristics) should be used.
The evolution of hardness and tribofilm growth during running-in of case carburized steel under boundary lubrication

Abstract Many newly manufactured components are subject to a run-in procedure. The objective of this study was to understand how the surface hardness of 16MnCr5 bearing steel evolved during running-in and how varying contact pressure and initial composite roughness affected this evolution. The evolution of the tribofilm formed by zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) and how it contributed to the measured hardness was also analyzed. The results indicated a higher initial composite roughness led to greater gains in hardness as compared to higher contact pressure during the running-in process. Tribofilm growth appeared to have little to no significant effect on the measured surface hardness increase during running-in and the primary contributor to the observed hardness increase was work hardening.
A Bit Modification Technique for Watermarking Images and Streaming Video

This paper demonstrates a bit modification technique for embedding watermarks of known strings of data applied to a color image. For watermarking of images and video frames, low payload information can be embedded indiscernibly and with quick and easy manipulation of pixel bits. Robustness of the hidden watermark with added noise is shown as a tradeoff with visibility, as is the case with the size of the watermark. By retrieving the hidden watermark in an oblivious manner, the technique can be used in copyright and authentication applications. The simplicity of embedding and blind recovery with low level noise-resistance render the proposed technique suitable for imperceptible watermarking of still images and streaming video over public networks.
Implementing Illness Management and Recovery Within Assertive Community Treatment: A Pilot Trial of Feasibility and Effectiveness

Objective:In a pilot feasibility and effectiveness study, illness management and recovery (IMR), a curriculum-based program to help people with serious mental illness pursue personal recovery goals...
The Diagnosis of Old and New Gastrointestinal Parasites

Because of the AIDS epidemic, certain parasitic groups have become important as agents of gastrointestinal disease. This article summarizes gastrointestinal disease caused by coccidia, microsporidia, and Entamoeba histolytica and specific diagnosis of these pathogens. Techniques for the diagnosis of all gastrointestinal parasites are reviewed also.
The IS10 antisense RNA blocks ribosome binding at the transposase translation initiation site

Transposase (tnp) expression from insertion sequence IS10 is controlled, in part, by an antisense RNA, RNA-OUT, which pairs to the translation initiation region of the tnp mRNA, RNA-IN. Genetic experiments suggest that control occurs post-transcriptionally. Here, we present evidence that bears on the control mechanism. Specific ribosome binding at the tnp translation initiation site is demonstrated in vitro. Two mutations that alter tnp translation in vivo are shown to have corresponding effects in vitro. Most importantly, RNA-OUT/RNA-IN pairing is shown to block ribosome binding. In conjunction with the work described in the accompanying paper, we propose that inhibition of ribosome binding also occurs in vivo, and that it is sufficient to account for control. Implications for translational control in analogous systems are discussed.
Development and application of a strawberry yield-monitoring picking cart

Abstract Strawberries in California have a $2 billion direct economic impact on the state; however, they are currently produced based only on uniform field management techniques. Creating yield maps of strawberries could allow for variable-rate and site-specific applications of inputs, which could improve productivity and reduce environmental pollution. This paper presents the development and application of an instrumented strawberry-picking cart for yield mapping. During manual harvest of strawberries planted on raised beds, pickers walk inside the furrows, pick fruit from the beds on both sides, and deposit them into a tray placed on a picking cart. A ‘smart’ picking cart, similar to the standard carts, has been designed and instrumented with several types of sensors including load cells, a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK GPS), a microcontroller, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). This instrumented cart serves two purposes: to work in sync with tray-transporting robots during robot-aided strawberry harvesting, and to create yield maps of strawberry fields. A yield map for an approximately 300 m 2 plot of a strawberry field in Salinas, California, was generated after the cart was calibrated. During the yield-monitoring experiment, 13.5 trays, each with a capacity of about 4.2 k g of strawberries, were filled with fruit. The mean prediction accuracy of the mass of full trays measured by the load cells was calculated to be 4.8 % .
Psychosocial Influences on Health in Later Life

Upon completion of the chapter, the student will be able to: 1. Explain key psychosocial domains to consider in an assessment of an older patient. 2. Describe the standardized assessment tools available in conducting a comprehensive assessment, with a focus on psychological, emotional, environmental, spiritual, and social domains. 3. Articulate the role of a social worker in maintaining and enhancing the quality of life of older people. 4. Describe the tools to ensure culturally competent assessment and care. 5. Articulate the prevalent problem of elder mistreatment and neglect. 6. Describe issues related to caregiving and caregiving burden. 7. Delineate several ways that the clinician can work with older patients to maximize independence, productivity and quality of life.
The link between vendor certification and growth in IT outsourcing: a tale of two stories†

There has been a great deal of ambiguity and complexity in the relationship between vendor certification and vendor growth in the outsourcing context. In this study, the authors build a competitive...
Muller C-element Self-corrected Triple Modular Redundant Logic with Multithreading and Low Power Modes

This work describes voting feedback circuits for triple modular redundant (TMR) self-correcting flip-flops that reduce the flip-flop circuit area by 20% and the energy consumption by 10% over the conventional use of a majority gate. A fully pipelined 256-bit key and 128-bit data advanced encryption standard (AES) engine implemented at the 90 nm technology node using the proposed design and has a maximum performance of 400 MHz and 297 mW in TMR and multi-thread modes. It operates in a low-power, non-redundant mode at 102 mW power dissipation. Testability modes are are also described.
Programmable Errorless Face-Name Association Device with Real-Time Processing

This paper presents a device to assist individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease or Prosopagnosia disorder by performing facial recognition to provide face-name association training and facial-recognition capabilities. The device system is comprised of a Kangaroo Plus Mini PC, a Bluetooth earpiece, and a discreet wearable camera. The device will take a picture on request by its user and scans it for the faces of people it was taught to know. Upon detecting known faces, it gives out previously stored information about recognised individuals through an earpiece. The performance of the platform was tested to find the minimum required images per subject in the database and the delay incurred as a result. After testing, it was determined that five images per database subject with a resolution of 1280 x 720 pixels gave an accuracy of 99.333% at a range of eleven feet.
Experiences of urban cycling: emotional geographies of people and place

This study explores the experiences and associated contexts of individuals who use a bicycle as their primary means of transportation in a metropolitan city in the United States. Using a qualitativ...
Improving Positive Life Event Predictions through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Depression is characterized by a tendency to overestimate the probability of negative life events and underestimate the probability of positive events. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) targets overly negative future expectations, research has yet to examine how such expectations change relative to one’s experiences. We examined the relation between predictions and event occurrence for positive and negative life events (i.e., informativeness of predictions [IoP]) among patients in CBT for depression. We examined how IoP changed over the course of CBT and whether these changes were related to CBT skill acquisition or symptom reduction. At intake and posttreatment, 67 patients were asked to estimate the probability of 40 events in the following week; patients later reported whether the events occurred. IoP improved for positive but not negative events across treatment. IoP for positive (but not negative) events were also associated with symptoms at intake and therapist-rated CBT skills at posttreatment. However, neither positive nor negative event IoP changes were associated with symptom improvement over the course of CBT. These findings suggest changes in the informativeness of predictions of positive life events may uniquely change and be important to the development of skills in CBT for depression.
Pay Privacy in Comparative Prospect

Five states and several cities, Philadelphia most prominently, have prohibited employers from asking applicants for their current rate of pay. These laws rest on the rationale that as women tend to be paid less than men the use of current pay rates in hiring can perpetuate sex discrimination, and so the information ought not be a subject of inquiry. That provision in the Philadelphia Ordinance has been enjoined as violative of free commercial speech. This short essay, taken from a lecture given at the Universita digli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa in Naples, Italy, takes the issue up in the context of comparative law using Japan and Germany to compare with the U.S. It looks at the issue through three categories of domestic legal concern: entrepreneurial liberty (Japan), labor market outcome (U.S.), and individual privacy (Germany).
Mtg16-dependent repression of E protein activity is required for early lymphopoiesis

The ETO/MTG family of transcriptional co-repressors play a key role in adult stem cell functions in various tissues. These factors are commonly found in complex with E proteins such as E2A, HEB, and Lyl1 as well as PRDM14 and BTB/POZ domain factors. Structural studies identified a region in the first domain of MTGs that is conserved in the Drosophila homologue Nervy (Nervy Homology Domain-1, or NHR1) that is essential for ETO/MTG8 to inhibit E protein-dependent transcription. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) identified cancer associated single nucleotide variants (SNVs) near the MTG16:E protein contact site. We tested these SNVs using sensitive yeast two-hybrid association assays, which suggested that only P209T significantly affected E protein binding. We then used CRISPR-Cas9 and homology directed DNA repair to insert P209T and a known inactivating mutation, F210A, into NHR1 of Mtg16 in the germ line of mice. These mice developed normally, but in competitive bone marrow transplantation assays, the F210A-containing stem cells failed to contribute to lymphopoiesis, while P209T mutant cells were reduced in mature T cell populations. High content fluorescent activated analytical flow cytometry assays identified a defect in the multi-potent progenitor to common lymphoid progenitor transition during lymphopoiesis. These data indicate that the cancer associated changes are likely benign polymorphisms, and the MTG:E protein association is required for lymphopoiesis, but less important for myelopoiesis and stem cell functions.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test as a Performance Validity Test.

Thorough assessment of performance validity has become an established standard of practice in neuropsychological assessment. While there has been a large focus on the development and cross-validation of embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) in recent years, new freestanding PVTs have also been developed, including the Word Choice Test (WCT) as part of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Effort System. And, while the WCT’s general utility for identifying invalid performance has been demonstrated in the ensuing decade since its initial publication, optimal cut-scores and associated psychometric properties have varied widely across studies. This study sought to synthesize the existing diagnostic accuracy literature regarding the WCT via a systematic review and to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the performance validity cut-score that best maximizes sensitivity while maintaining acceptable specificity. A systematic search of the literature resulted in 14 studies for synthesis, with eight of those available for meta-analysis. Meta-analytic results revealed an optimal cut-score of ≤ 42 with 54% sensitivity and 93% specificity for identifying invalid neuropsychological test performance. Collectively, the WCT demonstrated adequate diagnostic accuracy as a PVT across a variety of populations. Recommendations for future studies are also provided.
YESS 2.0, a Tunable Platform for Enzyme Evolution, Yields Highly Active TEV Protease Variants

Here we describe YESS 2.0, a highly versatile version of the yeast endoplasmic sequestration screening (YESS) system suitable for engineering and characterizing protein/peptide modifying enzymes such as proteases with desired new activities. By incorporating features that modulate gene transcription as well as substrate and enzyme spatial sequestration, YESS 2.0 achieves a significantly higher operational and dynamic range compared with the original YESS. To showcase the new advantages of YESS 2.0, we improved an already efficient TEV protease variant (TEV-EAV) to obtain a variant (eTEV) with a 2.25-fold higher catalytic efficiency, derived almost entirely from an increase in turnover rate (kcat). In our analysis, eTEV specifically digests a fusion protein in 2 h at a low 1:200 enzyme to substrate ratio. Structural modeling indicates that the increase in catalytic efficiency of eTEV is likely due to an enhanced interaction between the catalytic Cys151 with the P1 substrate residue (Gln). Furthermore, the modeling showed that the ENLYFQS peptide substrate is buried to a larger extent in the active site of eTEV compared with WT TEV. The new eTEV variant is functionally the fastest TEV variant reported to date and could potentially improve efficiency in any TEV application.
Patients dispensed medications with actionable pharmacogenomic biomarkers: rates and characteristics

Purpose Pharmacogenomic biomarkers are increasingly listed on medication labels and authoritative guidelines but pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing is not yet common. Our objective was to assess the potential for incorporating knowledge of patients' genomic characteristics into prescribing practices. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of claims data for 2,096,971 beneficiaries with pharmacy coverage from a national, commercial health insurance plan between January 2017 and December 2019. Children between 0 and 17 years comprised 21% of the cohort. Adults were age 18 to 64. Medications with actionable pharmacogenomic biomarkers (MAPBs) were identified using public information from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), and PharmGKB. Results MAPBs were dispensed to 63% of the adults and 29% of the children in the cohort. Most frequently dispensed were ibuprofen, ondansetron, codeine, and oxycodone. Most common were medications with CYP2D6, G6PD, or CYPC19 pharmacogenomic biomarkers. Ten percent of the cohort were codispensed more than one MAPB for at least 30 days. Conclusion The number of people who might benefit from pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing is substantial. Future work should address obstacles to integrating genomic data into prescriber workflows, complex factors contributing to the magnitude of benefit, and the clinical availability of reliable on-demand or pre-emptive pharmacogenomic testing.
A narrative review of the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients undergoing penile prosthesis surgery

Penile prosthesis surgery is an effective and durable treatment modality for patients who have failed conservative management for erectile dysfunction (ED). Thorough patient counseling and appropriate preoperative workup lay the foundation for a successful outcome. While the risk of infection of penile prosthesis is rare, it is a dreaded complication with dire consequences. The goal of the prosthetic surgeon is to minimize the risk of preventable complications. Given the common prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in this patient population, it is essential that providers are familiar with the implications and nuances of managing both conditions in order to maximize the chances of a favorable result. Due to the relatively infrequent nature of complications associated with the management of BPH in the setting of a penile prosthesis, literature regarding this topic is scarce. In this narrative review we present our own case series illustrating some of the most common scenarios that a prosthetic surgeon may encounter. We have included our suggestions for management in these difficult situations based on our clinical experience. In the following review we have highlighted the importance of identifying and treating BPH in penile implant candidates to reduce postoperative morbidity and to offer critical insights into managing BPH-related complications this population.
Promoting Academic Integrity and Student Learning in Online Biology Courses

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an abrupt shift in biology courses, with many transitioning to online instruction. This has led to an increased concern about academic integrity and cheating in online courses. Here, I draw upon the peer-reviewed literature to provide evidence-based answers to four questions concerning cheating and online biology courses: (i) What types of cheating are prevalent with the shift to online instruction? (ii) Should instructors make assessments open book and open notes? (iii) How does cheating occur in biology lab courses? (iv) Finally, what strategies can biology instructors take to uphold academic integrity with online learning? I frame these answers not only around academic integrity but on the potential impacts on student learning and discuss some strategies that may not only deter cheating but also promote greater student learning.