cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of caffeine-induced checkpoint override in fission yeast.

Mitotic checkpoints restrain the onset of mitosis (M) when DNA is incompletely replicated or damaged. These checkpoints are conserved between the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammals. In both types of organisms, the methylxanthine caffeine overrides the synthesis (S)-M checkpoint that couples mitosis to completion of DNA S phase. The molecular target of caffeine was sought in fission yeast. Caffeine prevented activation of Cds1 and phosphorylation of Chk1, two protein kinases that enforce the S-M checkpoint triggered by hydroxyurea. Caffeine did not inhibit these kinases in vitro but did inhibit Rad3, a kinase that regulates Cds1 and Chk1. In accordance with this finding, caffeine also overrode the G2-M DNA damage checkpoint that requires Rad3 function. Rad3 coprecipitated with Cds1 expressed at endogenous amounts, a finding that supports the hypothesis that Rad3 is involved in direct activation of Cds1.
Interactive Lessons for Pre-University Power Education

A key need facing the electric power industry is the ongoing requirement to develop its future workforce. While university education is a crucial step in this process, studies have shown that many promising students are unaware of possible careers in the power industry. Many also lose interest in math and science during their high school and even middle school years. This paper presents lesson plans and associated applets designed to help address these needs, developed as a collaboration between electric power researchers and education specialists. Thus far, two units have been developed to engage pre-university students in the power area. The first unit, Power and Energy in the Home, serves as an introduction to the concepts of power and energy and provides many sample loads to illustrate the impacts of running different appliances. Special attention is paid to environmental issues by the inclusion of Energy Star appliances along with incandescent and compact fluorescent lighting. The second unit, titled The Power Grid, aims to inform students about the macroscopic picture of how energy gets from generators to loads. Many different generation technologies are included, along with external system connections to demonstrate how power is imported and exported. Discussion of line overloading, and how networks can be both beneficial and detrimental depending on circumstances, are facilitated by features built into the applet and provided in the lesson plans. The materials have been distributed to students and educators, many of whom have provided valuable feedback.
The role of the concentration and distribution of water in the complex permittivity of breast fat tissue.

The structure of breast tissue is complicated and highly variable and presents a great challenge in the development of physical models that may be used to obtain its effective complex permittivity. Empirical models are commonly used by researchers to fit measured data and extrapolated to higher frequencies. However, these models have not been verified experimentally at higher frequencies. Theoretical models of tissue permittivity to explain the role of water are not available today. This communication is a systematic study of several models to estimate the complex permittivity of breast fat tissue based on volume content and distribution of water in the tissue. These models are implemented in (i) long wavelength, sparse concentration limit; (ii) full wave finite element simulation; and (iii) numerical implementation of dynamic multiple scattering theory. A comparison of the proposed models with experimental data is done at 3.2 GHz. Some of the measurement values are in fair agreement with the modeling. The results of the present study are useful for interpreting the large variability in experimentally measured values of the permittivity of breast fat tissue by taking the distribution of water into account. Bioelectromagnetics 30:669–677, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A model for multiple agent decision making

The author presents a model to characterize the information requirements for multiple-agent decision-making. This model incorporates an epistemic system, consisting of a knowledge corpus, a system of informational valuation, and a system of truth valuation, to formulate decision criteria. In a multiple-agent environment, agents may also use information from the epistemic systems of cognate agents to deliberate and make coordinated decisions. >
Adrenocortical Responses and Family History of Alcoholism

Background: This study was designed to assess whether nonalcoholic offspring from families with a high density of alcohol-dependent individuals have altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dynamics compared with nonalcoholic subjects without a family history of alcohol dependence. Methods: Seventy-eight nonalcoholic subjects aged 18 to 25 were enrolled in the protocol. Thirty-nine subjects were offspring from families with a high density of alcohol dependence and were designated as family history-positive (FHP) subjects. Thirty-nine subjects were biological offspring of nonalcohol-dependent parents and were designated as family history-negative (FHN) subjects. Subjects received naloxone hydrochloride (0 and 125 μg/kg) and cosyntropin (0, 0.25 μg, and 250 μg) in double-blind, randomized order and Cortisol was monitored. A subset of subjects (11 FHP, 11 FHN) was admitted to the General Clinical Research Center to measure serum Cortisol levels every 30 min for 24 hr. Results: FHP subjects had an increased Cortisol response to opioid receptor blockade induced by naloxone. However, no group differences in Cortisol were uncovered during administration of cosyntropin or during monitoring of the Cortisol circadian profile. Conclusion: These observations suggest that differences in the Cortisol dynamics between FHP and FHN subjects are unmasked by opioid receptor blockade directed at the hypothalamus, but not when Cortisol levels are directly provoked at the level of the adrenal gland. In addition, unprovoked Cortisol secretion monitored over a 24-hr interval cannot distinguish FHP from FHN subjects.
Job Lists for Entry-Level Psychology Baccalaureates: Occupational Recommendations That Mismatch Qualifications

Print and online resources provide lists of job titles they purport as suitable entry-level occupations for psychology baccalaureates. However, when considering current Bureau of Labor Statistics i...
El fisicalismo no reduccionista y su problema con la causalidad mental

El texto que se traduce es “The Nonreductivist’s Troubles with Mental Causation”. Mental Causation. Eds. John Heil y Alfred Mele. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. 189-210. Tambien se hizo uso de la version publicada en Jaegwon Kim, Supervenience and Mind. Selected Philosophical Essays. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 336-357.
The Contamination Mechanism and Behavior of Amide Bond Containing Organic Contaminant on PEMFC

In this paper, a study is presented of the effects of an organic contaminant containing an amide bond (-CONH-), e-caprolactam, on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The e-caprolactam has been detected in leachates from polyphthalamide materials that are being considered for use as balance-of-plant structural materials for PEMFCs. Contamination effects from e-caprolactam in Nafion membranes are shown to be controlled by temperature. A possible explanation of the temperature effect is the endothermic ring-opening reaction of the amide bond (-NHCO-) of the cyclic e-caprolactam. UV-vis and ATR-IR spectroscopy studies confirmed the presence of open ring structure of e-caprolactam in membranes. The ECSA and kinetic current for the ORR of the Pt/C catalyst were also investigated and were observed to decrease upon contamination by the e-caprolactam. By comparison of the CVs of ammonia and acetic acid, we confirmed the adsorption of carboxylic acid (-COOH) or carboxylate anion (-COO-) onto the surface of the Pt. In conclusion, a comparison of in situ voltage losses at 80°C and 50°C also revealed temperature effects, especially in the membrane, as a result of the dramatic increase in the HFR.
Electronic Readout Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Organic Field‐Effect Transistors as a Preeclampsia Prognostic

Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) sensors can meet the need for portable and real-time diagnostics. An electronicreadout enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using OFETs for the detection of a panel of three biomarkers in complex media to create a pre-eclampsia prognostic is demonstrated, along with biodetection utilizing a fully inkjet-printed and flexible OFET to underscore our ability to produce disposable devices.
Coping with globalization: Asian versus Latin American strategies of development, 1980-2010

When compared to Latin America, Asian economies since 1980 have grown faster and have done so with relatively modest inequalities. Why? A comparison of Asia and Latin America underlines the superiority of the nationalist capitalist model of development, which has often been pursued more explicitly in Asia, over that of a dependent capitalist model, which has often been pursued in Latin America. In comparison to Latin America, the Asian model has facilitated higher and less volatile rates of economic growth and a greater political room to pursue social democratic policies. The "tap root" of these alternate pathways is relative autonomy from global constraints: states and economies in Asia have been more nationalist and autonomous than in Latin America.
Demonstration of an Acid-Spun Single-Walled Nanotube Fiber Cathode

Field emission dc cold cathodes continue as an important area of research for uses such as electron microscopy, novel X-ray sources, vacuum electronic devices, terahertz sources, and high-power microwave tubes. Each of these applications typically requires high current densities with high-brightness electron beams driven by cathodes exhibiting long lifetime in the presence of deleterious conditions such as ion back bombardment and excessive heating. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) now investigates cathodes operating in dc mode for use in a terahertz traveling wave tube (TWT). The TWT requires an electron beam of 50 μm in diameter or less, at 10s of kiloelectronvolt energy with energy spreads of less than 10 eV. While AFRL has tested numerous cathodes in this regime, this paper reports on the first demonstration of a dc cathode utilizing a highly aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) rope for the electron emitter. The rope consists of individual single-walled CNTs that have been subjected to a nitrogen-enhanced acid etch and then spun into a rope configuration. Thus, the single rope emitter has an overall diameter of 100 m and a length of 1.5 mm. We report on preliminary results from this cathode, in particular the fabrication of the cathode, the dc cathode test system, and the cathode operation up to a voltage of 5 kV. The cathode operates stably to within 0.6% with a 5-mm anode-cathode gap at 5 keV and 1.0-mA current for hundreds of hours. Finally, we provide estimates of the cathode parameters such as the effective field enhancement factor (βeff) and emitting area (A) through a Fowler-Nordheim plot and comparison of the experimental data with simulations utilizing the particle-in-cell code Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell.
The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: a quarter century of progress

Now celebrating its 26th year of existence, the Vietnam Era Twin Registry continues to be one of the largest national samples of adult twins in the United States. The Registry twin member population is composed of 7,369 US male-male twin pair Veterans (14,738 total individuals) who served on active duty in the military during the Vietnam conflict (1964-1975). The Registry also maintains a register, data repository, and a biospecimen repository. Details on the operations of the Registry are described, as well as an overview of specific studies. Registry maintenance activities are also described, including the updating of contact information and vital status. Future plans include expanding the biospecimen repository and obtaining input from twins about study methods and diseases and conditions they would like to see investigated.
Multisensor MELPe using parameter substitution

The estimation of speech parameters and the intelligibility of speech transmitted through low-rate coders, such as MELP (mixed excitation linear prediction), are severely degraded when there are high levels of acoustic noise in the speaking environment. The application of nonacoustic and nontraditional sensors, which are less sensitive to acoustic noise than the standard microphone, is being investigated as a means to address this problem. Sensors being investigated include the general electromagnetic motion sensor (GEMS) and the physiological microphone (P-mic). As an initial effort in this direction, a multisensor MELPe coder (MELP coder with the addition of a noise preprocessor) using parameter substitution has been developed, where pitch and voicing parameters are obtained from GEMS and P-Mic sensors, respectively, and the remaining parameters are obtained as usual from a standard acoustic microphone. This parameter substitution technique is shown to produce significant and promising DRT (diagnostic rhyme test) intelligibility improvements over the standard 2400 bps MELPe coder in several high-noise military environments. Further work is in progress aimed at utilizing the nontraditional sensors for additional intelligibility improvements and for more effective lower-rate coding in noise.
An improved method for tissue long-chain acyl-CoA extraction and analysis

We report an extensively modified method for the extraction, solid-phase purification, and HPLC analysis of long-chain acyl-CoAs from tissues. Tissue samples were homogenized in a glass homogenizer in KH2PO4 buffer (100 mM, pH 4.9) and again after the addition of 2-propanol. Acyl-CoAs were then extracted from the homogenate with acetonitrile (ACN). The acyl-CoAs in the extract were bound to an oligonucleotide purification column and eluted using 2-propanol. This eluent was concentrated and then loaded onto a C-18 column and eluted using a binary gradient system in which solvent A was KH2PO4 (75 mM, pH 4.9) and solvent B was ACN containing 600 mM glacial acetic acid. Initial flow rate was 0.5 or 0.25 ml/min depending upon the tissue used. The HPLC eluent was monitoring at 260 nm. Our modifications increased the recovery of the extraction procedure to 70–80%, depending upon tissue, with high reproducibility and significantly improved separation of the most common unsaturated and saturated acyl-CoAs. We also report, for the first time, the mass (nanomoles per gram wet weight) of the most common polyunsaturated acyl-CoAs in rat heart, kidney, and muscle tissues. The modifications and high recovery permit the use of tissue samples of less than 100 mg, making this method useful for the analysis of small tissue amounts associated with mice.
Instability Analysis of Terrain-Induced Canopy Flows

Tall vegetation and complex terrain create difficult conditions for measuring and modeling net ecosystem‐ atmosphere exchanges of carbon, water vapor, and pollutants. The instability of canopy flow regimes over complex terrain is critical for understanding what factors are essential to control exchanges between different canopy flow regimes. In this paper, an analytical criterion of instability of the terrain-induced canopy flows is derived from the simplified thermal-hydromechanical equations by nonlinear instability analysis. The stability of the terrain-induced canopy flows and an oscillation solution are predicted based on the instability criterion. It is found that the critical values of control parameters are determined by the terrain slope, drag coefficient, and leaf area density of vegetation.
A scalable micro wireless interconnect structure for CMPs

This paper describes an unconventional way to apply wireless networking in emerging technologies. It makes the case for using a two-tier hybrid wireless/wired architecture to interconnect hundreds to thousands of cores in chip multiprocessors (CMPs), where current interconnect technologies face severe scaling limitations in excessive latency, long wiring, and complex layout. We propose a recursive wireless interconnect structure called the WCube that features a single transmit antenna and multiple receive antennas at each micro wireless router and offers scalable performance in terms of latency and connectivity. We show the feasibility to build miniature on-chip antennas, and simple transmitters and receivers that operate at 100-500 GHz sub-terahertz frequency bands. We also devise new two-tier wormhole based routing algorithms that are deadlock free and ensure a minimum-latency route on a 1000-core on-chip interconnect network. Our simulations show that our protocol suite can reduce the observed latency by 20% to 45%, and consumes power that is comparable to or less than current 2-D wired mesh designs.
Enron: Market Exploitation And Correction

This paper chronicles the rise and fall of Enron, Inc., the once powerful energy firm based in Houston, Texas. The history of the firm is reviewed, the November 2001 financial restatement is examined to show the impact of the failure to report the appropriate financial position for the firm, and reasons for the firm’s downfall are considered. While Enron’s decline may currently be considered a market failure, it is likely that the events surrounding the firm in 2001 will ultimately be considered a case in which the market worked to ferret out deception and poor judgment on the part of Enron’s management.
INTRODUCTION AND CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF A TOBACCO HORNWORM (MANDUCA SEXTA) CHITINASE GENE IN SOYBEAN

Embryogenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultures were transformed with a Manduca sexta chitinase (msc) gene using microprojectile bombardment. A 1.7 kb DNA fragment encoding a tobacco hornworm chitinase was cloned into the rice transformation vector pGL2, under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter and linked to the hpt gene as a selectable marker. After bombardment, hygromycin-resistant tissues were isolated and cultured to give rise to clones of transgenic material. Four hygromycin-resistant clones were converted into plants. Two clones were positive for the msc gene via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. The integration inheritance, and expression of transgenes were confirmed by molecular analysis of transgenic soybean plants. Progeny analysis showed that the introduced genes were inherited and segregated in a 3:1 Mendelian fashion. DNA blot experiments and progeny inheritance analysis indicated that the plants contained several copies of the msc gene and that the insertion occurred at a single locus. Northern blotting analysis confirmed the expression of the transgenes. Western blot analysis of transgenic plants and their progeny revealed the presence of a protein with a molecular weight of 48kDa that reacted with the Manduca sexta antibody. Progeny from the chitinase-positive plants were tested for their resistance to the soybean cyst nematode. Plants expressing the insect chitinase did not manifest enhanced resistance to the soybean cyst nematode.
A Cognitive Behavioral Approach to Treatment of Couples with Erectile Dysfunction

AbstractThere is a growing trend toward medical assessment and surgical intervention with erectile dysfunction. A cognitive behavioral therapy strategy is described which emphasizes dealing with the erection problem as a cooperative couple task. Couples with erection problems are often trapped in the pattern of negative anticipation, aversive experience, and avoidance. Interventions include change in cognitions, behavioral exercises to increase comfort and arousal, and the reestablishment of an intimate, involved relationship. Specific erection exercises are prescribed, and overcoming inhibitions and use of multiple stimulation techniques are described. The impact of physiological impairments of erectile function on sex therapy is explored.
Preparation, characterization, and applications of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET is a polymer that finds extensive application in wide-­ranging areas. The incorporation of nanofillers in PET imparts significant enhancements to its properties such as mechanical strength, permeability, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability, among others. These property improvements make PET nanocomposites interesting candidates for numerous existing and emerging applications. This chapter reviews the present state-of-the-art technology developments in the synthesis and characterization of PET nanocomposites incorporating nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoclays, and other inorganic nanoparticles. The chapter also discusses various technological challenges and their implications on future trends of PET nanocomposite technology.
Kinetic mechanism for the flipping and excision of 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine by AlkA.

Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II (AlkA), an adaptive response glycosylase with a broad substrate range, initiates base excision repair by flipping a lesion out of the DNA duplex and hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond. We used transient and steady state kinetics to determine the minimal mechanism for recognition and excision of 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (eA) by AlkA. The natural fluorescence of this endogenously produced lesion allowed us to directly monitor the nucleotide flipping step. We found that AlkA rapidly and reversibly binds and flips out eA prior to N-glycosidic bond hydrolysis, which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction. The binding affinity of AlkA for the eA-DNA lesion is only 40-fold tighter than for a nonspecific site and 20-fold weaker than for the abasic DNA site. The mechanism of AlkA-catalyzed excision of eA was compared to that of the human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG), an independently evolved glycosylase that recognizes many of the same substrates. AlkA and AAG both catalyze N-glycosidic bond hydrolysis to release eA, and their overall rates of reaction are within 2-fold of each other. Nevertheless, we find dramatic differences in the kinetics and thermodynamics for binding to eA-DNA. AlkA catalyzes nucleotide flipping an order of magnitude faster than AAG; however, the equilibrium for flipping is almost 3 orders of magnitude more favorable for AAG than for AlkA. These results illustrate how enzymes that perform the same chemistry can use different substrate recognition strategies to effectively repair DNA damage.
Top quark pair production

Abstract These proceedings discuss D0 measurements of the top pair differential cross section and forward-backward asymmetry. All measurements are consistent with the predictions based on the standard model.
The Soviet Union, South Africa and the United Nations

The USSR has consistently supported, in the United Nations and in direct contact with the liberation movement, the struggle of the South African people against the apartheid regime. (Edwin Ogbu, Chairman of the United Nations Special Committee Against Apartheid, 1975)
Hadron States in the M.I.T. Bag Model

The M.I.T. Bag Modell is a model of permanently confined hadron constituents. The constituent confinement is simple and can be understood classically. It does not hinge upon special quantum numbers. The confinement of quark quantum numbers is also easily accommodated but requires a special model, chromodynamics, that is, quarks coupled by a non-Abelian vector gauge field. However the confinement of quark quantum numbers can also be easily understood classically in this case.
Geopolymer refractories for the glass manufacturing industry

This work briefly introduces geopolymers and some geopolymer composites having typical molar compositions of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 4, M 2 O/SiO 2 = 0.3, and H 2 O/M 2 O = 11, where M = Na, K, or Cs. As seen by SEM and TEM, the microstructure was a nanoparticulate (<10 nm) and nanoporous material having a nominal composition of 4SiO 2 .Al 2 O 3 , crosslinked with cations from Na 2 O, K 2 O, or Cs 2 O. Some structural geopolymer composites reinforced with stainless steel powder, basalt chopped fibers, and/or fiber weaves were prepared. Using six layers of natural basalt fiber weave reinforcements, the three-point bending strength and work of fracture of I in. 2 x 6 in. long bend bars were increased from an average of 2.75 to 10.25 MPa and from 0.05 to 21.82 kj/m 2 , respectively.
Self-group-velocity modulation and AM-to-PM conversion in optical rectification

Optical rectification as a detection technique does not suffer from the nonlinearity, saturation and large amplitude-to-phase modulation (AM-to-PM) conversion effects exhibited by semiconductor carrier-based photodiodes. In this paper we analyze the effect of self-group-velocity modulation as a mechanism for AM-to-PM conversion in traveling-wave optical rectification detectors (ORDs) and derive a closed-form expression for the AM-to-PM conversion gain. For a small signal amplitude modulation index m, we find the induced phase modulation index βi on the nonlinear polarization wave due to a train of femtosecond optical pulses in a bulk LiNbO3 traveling-wave ORD to be βi<3×10−8 m or βi/m≈−151 dB. Cascaded χ(2) processes as well as the thermo-optic effect are also considered with the former producing conversion gain comparable to direct χ(3) while the latter is four orders of magnitude smaller.
Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1-modified materials promote the accumulation of pro-regenerative immune cell subsets and enhance vascular remodeling.

Abstract Many goals in tissue engineering rely on modulating cellular localization and polarization of cell signaling, including the inhibition of inflammatory infiltrate, facilitation of inflammatory cell egress, and clearance of apoptotic cells. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived resolvins are gaining increasing recognition for their essential roles in inhibition of neutrophil invasion into inflamed tissue and promotion of macrophage phagocytosis of cellular debris as well as their egress to the lymphatics. Biomaterial-based release of lipid mediators is a largely under-explored approach that provides a method to manipulate local lipid signaling gradients in vivo and direct the recruitment and/or polarization of anti-inflammatory cell subsets to suppress inflammatory signaling and enhance angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. The goal of this study was to encapsulate Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) into a degradable biomaterial in order to elucidate the effects of sustained, localized delivery in a model of sterile inflammation. Flow cytometric and imaging analysis at both 1 and 3 days after injury showed that localized AT-RvD1 delivery was able significantly increase the accumulation of anti-inflammatory monocytes and M2 macrophages while limiting the infiltration of neutrophils. Additionally, cytokine profiling and longitudinal vascular analysis revealed a shift towards a pro-angiogenic profile with increased concentrations of VEGF and SDF-1α, and increased arteriolar diameter and tortuosity. These results demonstrate the ability of locally-delivered AT-RvD1 to increase pro-regenerative immune subpopulations and promote vascular remodeling. Statement of Significance This work is motivated by our efforts to explore the underlying mechanisms of inflammation resolution after injury and to develop biomaterial-based approaches to amplify endogenous mechanisms of resolution and repair. Though specific lipid mediators have been identified that actively promote the resolution of inflammation, biomaterial-based localized delivery of these mediators has been largely unexplored. We loaded Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 into a PLGA scaffold and examined the effects of sustained, localized delivery on the innate immune response. We found that biomaterial delivery of resolvin was able to enhance the accumulation of pro-regenerative populations of immune cells, including anti-inflammatory monocytes, population that has never before been shown to respond to resolvin treatment, and also enhance vascular remodeling in response to tissue injury.
An overview of computational fluid dynamics and nuclear applications

Abstract Numerical equation solvers have been developed rather than complex codes in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As a further difference related to system thermal hydraulics, turbulence can be modeled directly (only its effects are computed by system thermal-hydraulic codes) by empirically supported models and convergence of results can be in principle demonstrated when mesh size is reduced down to a fixed value. So-called spatial resolution in phenomena modeling can be ensured. Grid generation methods are adopted instead of code-user-nodalizations in system thermal hydraulics. The CFD user has access to suitable numerical ports for enhancing modeling capabilities. Best practice guidelines (BPG) do exist to orient the applications. These partly substitute the validation in the area of system thermal hydraulics. Coupling between system thermal hydraulics and CFD codes constitutes a common practice to simulate complex systems and to achieve the needed spatial resolution in selected regions of nuclear power plants.
Arsenic Compromises Both p97 and Proteasome Functions

Exposure to arsenic is a worldwide problem that affects more than 200 million people. The underlying mechanisms of arsenic toxicity have been difficult to ascertain due to arsenic’s pleotropic effects. A number of recent investigations have shown that arsenic can compromise protein quality control through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) or the endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. In this article, a link between arsenic and protein quality control is reported. Biochemical and cellular data demonstrate a misregulation of the ATPase cycle of the ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA+) chaperone, p97. Interestingly, the loss of p97 activity is due to the increased rate of ATP hydrolysis, which mimics a collection of pathogenic genetic p97 lesions. Cellular studies, using a well characterized reporter of both the proteasome and p97, show the proteasome to also be compromised. This loss of both p97 and proteasome functions can explain the catastrophic prot...
Abstract TP361: Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Innate Immune Responses and Functional Outcome After ICH

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic moderate hypothermia (MH, Tcore33-34°C) compared to normothermia (NT, Tcore36.5-37°C) on innate immune responses ...
Primary Headache Disorders- Part 2: Tension-type headache and medication overuse headache.

Abstract In Part 2 of Primary Headache disorders, we discuss the fourth Primary Headache Disorder, Tension-Type Headache (TTHA). We are again using the ICHD-III (Beta) definitions of such headaches, taking into consideration episodic and chronic TTHA, as well as the presence or absence of pericranial muscle tenderness. We discuss the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapeutic treatment of TTHA, and the aspects of the Myofascial Pain Syndrome that enhance and help the development of TTHA. We then discuss Medication Overuse Headache (MOH), itself a Secondary headache disorder, but one that is extremely important as it assists with the chronification of both migraine and TTHA. Finally we discuss how to manage and treat those patients with MOH. Chronic migraine, which is TTHA, Migraine as well as, in many patients, MOH, is discussed along with the treatment of this multifaceted disorder.
Biology of Atriplex

At the close of a symposium on Atriplex biology held in Deniliquin, New South Wales, Australia, in October, 1969 ones, 1970, F.L. Milthorpe attempted to summarize, in grand terms, the proceedings of the symposium in a lecture entitled ‘Atriplex — Atlantean or Atrabilarian?’, in which he questioned whether the genus was ‘ …an Atlason …on the shoulders of which the Australian interior rests…’ or a‘…sickly hypochondriac…contributing nothing to a well-managed economic ecosystem…’. In terms less quaint, he went on to examine the peculiarities of the genus physiological and economic, and to pick out some areas of Atriplex biology that might fall under closer scrutiny in the future.
Understanding the Link Between Organizational Communication and Innovation: an Examination of Public, Nonprofit, and For-profit Organizations in South Korea.

Innovation and internal communication are essential for any successful organization. Although communication within organizations has long been studied in the for-profit sector, we still know little...
Diffuse Pancreatic Inflammation in an HIV Infected Individual With Elevated IgG4 Levels

Even though, acute pancreatitis is a frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and anti-retroviral therapy, pancreatic inflammation directly related to HIV infection is uncommon and is difficult to diagnose. The presence of features suggestive of autoimmune etiology complicates the diagnosis making process even more difficult. Rarely, HIV-related inflammation of pancreas mimicking radiological features of autoimmune pancreatitis has been described. However, serological features of autoimmune pancreatitis have not been described in HIV-related inflammation of pancreas. Here, we present a case of acute pancreatitis in an HIV patient where the etiology was attributed to HIV-related inflammation after extensive workup despite serological features suggestive of autoimmune pancreatitis. Therefore, the case report suggests that the physician should consider other etiologies prior to labelling autoimmune pancreatitis based on serology alone. J Med Cases. 2018;9(4):109-111 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3012w
Unusual Tumors of the Ear Canal

While squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma account for the vast majority of ear canal tumors, there remain a number of rare and unusual tumor types that occur within the ear canal. This chapter describes the anatomy of the ear canal, especially with respect to the ceruminous glands, which are the source of these unusual tumors. Benign and malignant tumors are described. Adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are discussed due to their common origin from cerumen glands in the external ear canal.
Structural Decompositions of Complex Networks

In complex network research, a number of different ways of studying the macroscopic structure of a network have been developed. This chapter provides an overview of the most important ones. The primary example is thebow-tie decomposition. We provide a precise formal definition for the decomposition as well as an algorithm for computing it. The closely related Daisy model and a fractal approach are also discussed in some detail. Some other approaches are discussed briefly.
Bond Tents: Reshaping the Equity Glide Slope at the End of Wealth Accumulation

Asset allocation is widely accepted as a primary driver of portfolio returns over time. Conventional investment practice recommends that investors reduce their risk and thus increase their allocation to fixed-income investments as they approach retirement. This research extends the literature by examining the shape of the fixed-income glide slope prior to retirement. The results suggest that portfolios with high fixed-income allocations, or bond tents, can serve investors well, and nonlinear glide slopes can produce favorable portfolio characteristics for investors.
Long-term outcomes of non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in patients with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

7551Background: Patients with relapsed MCL remain incurable, especially if their tumors have a Ki-67 > 30%. We analyzed the long-term survival outcomes of 75 recipients of alloSCT. Methods: Patient...
Securing extraocular muscles in strabismus surgery: biomechanical analysis of muscle imbrication and knot tying technique.

An experimental study was performed to quantitatively evaluate the tensile strength implications of two important steps in extraocular muscle surgery: muscle imbrication and knot configuration. The study was conducted in a controlled fashion using fresh ex vivo pig eyes with extraocular muscles attached and a precision digital force gauge. The study provides clinically translatable data to inform optimal surgical technique. The results suggest that imbrication of the muscle edge is most secure when the suture is looped around itself in a manner that allows it to be tightly cinched and locked and that granny knots possess similar tensile strength to square knots.
Shedding of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by colonized patients during procedures and patient care activities

Objective Medical procedures and patient care activities may facilitate environmental dissemination of healthcare-associated pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Design Observational cohort study of MRSA-colonized patients to determine the frequency of and risk factors for environmental shedding of MRSA during procedures and care activities in carriers with positive nares and/or wound cultures. Bivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with environmental shedding. Setting A Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants This study included 75 patients in contact precautions for MRSA colonization or infection. Results Of 75 patients in contact precautions for MRSA, 55 (73%) had MRSA in nares and/or wounds and 25 (33%) had positive skin cultures. For the 52 patients with MRSA in nares and/or wounds and at least 1 observed procedure, environmental shedding of MRSA occurred more frequently during procedures and care activities than in the absence of a procedure (59 of 138, 43% vs 8 of 83, 10%; P 0.9 m from the patient (52 of 138, 38% vs 25 of 138, 18%; P = .0004). Contamination occurred frequently on surfaces touched by personnel (12 of 38, 32%) and on portable equipment used for procedures (25 of 101, 25%). By bivariate analysis, the presence of a wound with MRSA was associated with shedding (17 of 29, 59% versus 6 of 23, 26%; P = .04). Conclusions Environmental shedding of MRSA occurs frequently during medical procedures and patient care activities. There is a need for effective strategies to disinfect surfaces and equipment after procedures.
Histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of pituicytomas and atypical pituicytomas

Pituicytoma is a rare, poorly characterized tumor of the sellar region that is thought to be derived from neurohypophyseal pituicytes. Resection of pituicytomas is often associated with significant morbidity including diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism. Most of the literature on this tumor exists as small case series or case reports. Here we describe a cohort of fourteen pituicytoma resections from eleven patients. The average follow-up on these cases is 3.7 years with some patients having over 10 years of follow-up data available in the electronic medical record. Pituicytomas were frequently misdiagnosed on pre-operative imaging, and surgical resection was associated with persistent endocrine abnormalities. Histologically, the tumors showed a range of morphologies from epithelioid to spindled. All tumors were positive for TTF-1 with variable immunostaining for other markers including GFAP, EMA, S100, SSTR2A, and synaptophysin. Within this cohort are two patients with atypical pituicytomas which showed increased cellularity, pleomorphism, mitoses and elevated Ki-67 proliferation indexes when compared to non-atypical pituicytomas. Next generation sequencing performed on three tumors revealed alterations in genes involved in the MAPK pathway. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated-ERK was positive in the majority of tumors. Increased awareness of the neoplastic entity and identification of targetable mutations have the potential to decrease the morbidity associated with resection of pituicytomas.
One Month of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by Clopidogrel Alone is Superior to 12 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

This study found that one month of dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel or prasugrel [Effient]) followed by clopidogrel monotherapy for up to five years is both noninferior and superior to 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy followed by aspirin for up to five years for reducing the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and major bleeding complications in adults undergoing successful percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent.
Abstract 30: Prediction Scale Thresholds Selected to Rule Out Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Result in Very Low Positive Predictive Values and Many False Positives

Introduction: Many prior large vessel occlusion (LVO) prevalence and prediction scale accuracy studies have not had samples representative of a prehospital suspected stroke population. To address t...
The Cognitive Science of Religion: A Case for the Importance of Adolescence

The cognitive science of religion proposes that religion and spirituality—including belief in God, conceptualizations of God’s mind, and reasoning about the religious beliefs of other people—are rooted in the same systems that underlie everyday cognitive processing. Because these systems change throughout development, the cognitive science of religion provides unique insight into how and why religious belief and reasoning develop. While a growing body of work has investigated these topics among children and adults, there are glaring gaps in the field’s understanding of adolescence. This article reviews what is known and unknown in this space. It also argues that applying the cognitive science of religion approach to adolescence would provide critical insight into the development of cognition in general and religious belief in particular.
Thromboembolism and Fluid Collections Years Following Gastric Bypass: the Relevance of the Remnant.

The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) has been playing an integral role in educating both the metabolic surgical and the medical community at large about the importance of surgical and/or endoscopic interventions in treating adiposity-based chronic diseases. The occurrence of chronic conditions following bariatric/metabolic surgery (BMS), such asgastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and columnar (intestinal) epithelial metaplasia of the distal oesophagus (also known as Barrett's oesophagus (BE)), has long been discussed in the metabolic surgical and medical community. Equally, the risk of neoplastic progression of Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and the resulting requirement for surgery are the source of some concern for many involved in the care of these patients, as the surgical alteration of the gastrointestinal tract may lead to impaired reconstructive options. As such, there is are quirement for guidance of the community.The IFSO commissioned a task force to elucidate three aspects of the presenting problem: First, to determine what the estimated incidence of Barrett's oesophagus is in patients presenting for BMS; second, to determine the frequency at which Barrett's oesophagus may develop following BMS (with a particular focus on the laparoscopicsleeve gastrectomy (LSG)); and third, to determine if regression of Barrett's oesophagus may occur following BMS given the close relationship of obesity and the development of BE/EAC. Based on these findings, a position statement regarding the management of this pathology in the context of BMS was developed. The following position statement is issued by the IFSO Barrett's Oesophagus task force and approved by the IFSO Scientific Committee and Executive Board. This statement is based on current clinical knowledge, expert opinion and published peer-reviewed scientific evidence. It will be reviewed regularly.
Improving Public Transportation Safety in COVID-19 Era Through Crowdsourcing Technique

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which broke out in the end of 2019, has caused significant impacts on transportation society and led to a dramatic drop of public transit ridership. Transportation studies have not reached an agreement whether there is a connection between the use of urban public transit and the transmission of COVID-19. Many transit riders avoid taking public transit for commuting and other activities because of their concerns about the crowding environment on transit that might become an incubator for virus spreading. It calls for transit agencies to respond to the contests efficiently and effectively with newly available data, innovative techniques, and advanced policies and procedures. To predict, prevent, monitor, and respond to epidemics appropriately, planners and decision makers need to acquire real time epidemiological information from transit riders and operators timely, analyze data quickly, and turn the research findings into suitable actions and effective transportation policies. This research reviews the public transit status in the U.S. and scrutinizes the studies on the connections between public transit and COVID-19 dissemination. It proposes a conceptual framework that employs crowdsourcing technique to obtain real time epidemiological information from transit riders and operators timely, analyze the data quickly, and turn the research findings into suitable actions and policies to block the infectious diseases and improve public transit safety. A crowdsourcing-based public transportation information system (CB-PTIS) is adopted to monitor and respond to the infectious diseases in public transit system. It aims to obtain crowdsourced data together with real-time information, which is compiled by the CB-PTIS to support the decision-making process in public transportation management during the COVID-19 era. The CB-PTIS has several key components that help to implement rules and regulations to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease. This study also discusses the policy implications to implement the CB-PTIS.
Implementation of Minimally Invasive Pancreaticoduodenectomy at Low and High-volume Centers.

Abstract Background There is a need to better define the safety of implementing the use of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) in order to provide evidence for safe application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality associated with the implementation of MIPD across low and high-volume facilities using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods Patients in the NCDB with pancreatic cancer diagnosed from 2010-2016 undergoing MIPD were selected. Cumulative MIPD volume for each facility was calculated from the number of MIPD cases performed each year prior to and including the year of a patient's operation. A random effects logistic regression model was used to examine the adjusted association between log-transformed cumulative MIPD volume and 90-day mortality. Results After controlling for patient, tumor and facility-related variables, there was decreased 90-day mortality as the cumulative MIPD volume increased (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.69-0.95; P = 0.009). Average annual open pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) volume was independently protective throughout the implementation phase (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99; P = 0.049). This equates to an average predicted probability of 90-day mortality for the first 5 cumulative MIPD cases of 7.51% at a low-volume facility (5 open PDs per year) versus 4.39% at a high-volume facility (50 open PDs per year). Conclusions Using the NCDB, 90-day mortality following MIPD decreased with higher cumulative facility MIPD case volume. Although higher cumulative MIPD case volume was associated with reduced 90-day mortality at both low and high-volume facilities, the higher mortality during the implementation of MIPD is magnified at low-volume facilities. This retrospective analysis demonstrates that MIPD can be safely implemented with low mortality at facilities with high-volume open PD programs.