cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary scallop and squid hydrolysates on growth of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax; California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi; and barramundi, Lates calcarifer

Squid processing byproducts and scallop viscera were homogenized and subjected to hydrolysis at 55°C for 1.5 hr, followed by pasteurization at 75°C for 30 min. The respective hydrolysates were incorporated into diets in which 30–70% of fishmeal (FM) was replaced with soybean meal (SBM) and evaluated as is (wet), dried, or impregnated into SBM for their effects on growth of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax; California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi; and barramundi, Lates calcarifer, in a series of 8‐week experiments. No adverse thermal deterioration in the quality of hydrolysate occurred because of drum drying, compared to the wet hydrolysate. No differences were observed in growth of California yellowtail between SBM mixed with dry hydrolysate and SBM impregnated with wet hydrolysate. Dietary inclusion of hydrolysate improved feed attractability and growth and was beneficial in the early juvenile stage but not in the growout stage for European seabass and California yellowtail. However, in barramundi, no discernable benefit was observed from the addition of hydrolysates. The improved feed attractability and growth appear to be dependent on species and type of hydrolysate. The texture of fillets of yellowtail fed 70% FM replacement with SBM + squid hydrolysate diets was significantly firmer than without squid hydrolysate.
Are Caregivers Who Respond to the Child HCAHPS Survey Reflective of All Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

OBJECTIVES: The Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (C-HCAHPS) survey was developed to measure satisfaction levels of pediatric inpatients’ caregivers. Studies in adults have revealed that certain demographic groups (people of color or who are multiracial and people with public insurance) respond to surveys at decreased rates, contributing to nonresponse bias. Our primary goal was to determine if results from the C-HCAHPS survey accurately reflect the intended population or reveal evidence of nonresponse bias. Our secondary goal was to examine whether demographic or clinical factors were associated with increased satisfaction levels. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of responses (n = 421) to the C-HCAHPS survey of patients admitted to a tertiary-care pediatric hospital between March 2016 and March 2017. Respondent demographic information was compared with that of all hospital admissions over the same time frame. Satisfaction was defined as “top-box” scores for questions on overall rating and willingness to recommend the hospital. RESULTS: Caregivers returning surveys were more likely to be white, non-Hispanic, and privately insured (P CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers who identified with underrepresented minority groups and those without private insurance were less likely to return surveys. Among the surveys received, short emergency department wait time and older age were the only factors measured that were associated with higher satisfaction. Efforts to increase patient satisfaction on the basis of satisfaction scores may exacerbate existing disparities in health care.
Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992)

In the 1930s, Friedrich Hayek emerged as one of the leading economists of his generation. Alongside Lionel Robbins, Hayek made LSE a major player in the marketplace of ideas due to his role in a variety of technical and policy debates against such figures as John Maynard Keynes, Frank Knight, Oskar Lange and Abba Lerner. Boettke and Piano argue that one of these debates, the so-called socialist calculation debate, played a major role in determining the trajectory of Hayek’s career in the decades to come, pushing him to explore a wide array of themes often perceived as beyond the scope of economics proper.
Abstract A15: Modeling sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumor with BRAFV600E mutation

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common subtype of sarcoma, characterized by activating mutations in KIT , PDGFRA , BRAF, N/H/KRA S, and loss of function genetic/epigenetic alterations in NF1 , SDH -complex. Despite clinical advances for KIT/PDGFRA-mutant GIST, the scientific and clinical advances for KIT/PDGFRA-wild type GISTs have remained extremely limited due to the lack of model systems. Due to the lack of ICC-lineage specific cre system, modeling for sporadic GIST has not been feasible. ETV1 has recently been described as an ICC and GIST-lineage specific master regulator. Here, using the cre-activated Rosa26 CAGGS-LSL-EYFP system, we demonstrate that Etv1 CREERT2 preferentially activates cre in the Etv1 -expressing ICC lineage by tamoxifen. Using the Braf CA conditional allele for cre-activated Braf V600E , we observed that Braf V600E alone, while leading to development of ICC hyperplasia, is not sufficient to drive GIST tumorigenesis. Combination of Braf V600E activation and Trp53 loss not only gives rise to ICC hyperplasia, but also leads to multifocal GIST-like tumors in mouse GI tract with 100% penetrance. We further demonstrate that the Braf V600E ; Tp53-/- sporadic GIST mouse models are amenable for therapeutic intervention and recapitulate clinical responses to RAF inhibitors in human GIST. Our observations provide the first in vivo model for understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutic responses in BRAF-mutant GISTs. Importantly, these observations provide the proof of principle for modeling sporadic GIST in adult mice using the Etv1 CREERT2 system and establish the feasibility and utility of establishing model systems for human GISTs that do not have any model systems available for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development. Citation Format: Leili Ran, Devan Murphy, Jessica Sher, Zhen Cao, Shangqian Wang, Edward Walczak, Youxin Guan, Yuanyuan Xie, Shipra Shukla, Yu Zhan, Cristina R. Antonescu, Yu Chen, Ping Chi. Modeling sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumor with BRAFV600E mutation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Guerra Civil y franquismo: una perspectiva internacional, edited by Raanan Rein and Joan Maria Thomas

Guerra Civil y franquismo is a collection of essays that highlights lesser-known international aspects of Spanish history from the late 1930s until the 1980s. A product of a seminar held in Tel Avi...
Customer Based Measures of Inventory Performance

Traditional measures of inventory performance focus on the availability of individual items, not individual customers. In this paper, customer based measures of inventory performance are developed. The problems with traditional item based measures are reviewed, followed by the development of four customer based measures. A discussion of the inventory management implications is presented next.
A better method to estimate price change in single family housing: A test of median‐to‐median compared to repeat sales

Purpose – This paper aims to compare a median‐to‐median estimate of residential price change to the FHFA home price index composed of repeat sales. Further, it seeks to use the complete population of closed sales. The conceptual issue is the use of a “typical” or average comparison through time as opposed to properties where attributes and their marginal prices are held constant. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the total population of closed sales rather than a sample. A time series for median price changes is compared to the FHFA time series. The medians for the complete population are the benchmarks, as the median parameter is the true value. Findings – The study finds that the quarterly FHFA price changes do not capture market movements following a major external shock such as a tropical storm. Further, the FHFA data originate in mortgage applications which are not characteristic of the local market. The conclusion is that a median comparison is better, all deed recordings should be used, and repeat sales are not always a valid tool. Research limitations/implications – Acquiring the data set of all deed transactions involved a budget which may be available to all analysts. Practical implications – The practical applications are enormous. The results cast doubts on the FHFA home price index and the Case Shiller index. The paper supports the method used by the National Association of Realtors. Social implications – All researchers interested in local real estate markets are concerned about the best method to measure changes in local demand and supply market conditions. This project presents a method to use that is sound conceptually and statistically. The reason is that the goal is to measure changes in the “typical”, or average, property over time. Originality/value – The literature abounds with repeat sale papers. This paper gives an alternative and avoids the many flaws with paired sales. It should have a wide readership.
Makerspaces in Higher Education: An overview

From accommodating multifarious needs, to providing a space for innovation and enquiry, makerspaces in education today serve to facilitate active, student-led enquiry through a room structured for experimentation. Unlike the traditional classroom context where one pedagogical style can have a tendency to predominate, a makerspace possesses the potential to provide multi-sensory engagement for students that anticipates and accommodates their needs, whilst providing real time feedback on reactions to hypothetical scenarios as they occur to allow a student to adapt their responses accordingly. By taking charge of their learning in a makerspace, the taught material is imbued with greater significance, enabling students to grasp how theoretical concepts can be applied in the practical domain; an essential prerequisite for a variety of professions, such as medicine, where simulated, real world scenarios facilitate the development of practical competence for conducting invasive procedures, without endangering patients to do so.
Simplifying quality rating systems in early childhood education

Abstract High-quality preschool experiences can promote children’s short- and long-term development, yet many children in the United States still lack access to high-quality care. Many states have turned to Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) in an attempt to solve this problem. Unfortunately, recent empirical work has shown that most QRIS ratings are not linked to either program quality or children’s learning gains, leading to calls for reform. In particular, in recent years there have been calls to simplify QRIS and focus accountability on a smaller set of quality measures that are linked to children’s development. This exploratory study probes the potential of such an approach, comparing how a single measure of quality compares to a set of commonly-used QRIS indicators (e.g. teacher education, an observational measure of teacher-child interactions, classroom size/ratio, opportunities for family involvement, etc.). Our findings—that a QRIS system based on an observational measure of the quality of teacher-child interactions alone is equally effective at predicting children’s learning gains as a more complex set of indicators—align with recent calls for second generation QRIS that use fewer, but more powerful indicators. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Abstract TMP55: Understanding Cultural and Knowledge Barriers to Acute Stroke Care in the Filipino American Community

Introduction: Filipino Americans (FilAms) in Los Angeles make up the largest Filipino community outside of the Philippines and 2nd largest Asian subgroup in L.A. County. FilAms also have higher rat...
Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence by Income Level in the United States

Importance Income disparity between persons with the most resources (the top 20% of earners) and the remainder of the population in the United States has dramatically widened over the past few decades. Given the well-established association between income and health, this increasing income gap may provide insights into the dynamics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden among adults in the US. Objective To quantify the contribution of people in the highest-resources group and the remainder of the population to the burden of CVD, and to estimate the trends in the prevalence of CVD for the 2 groups in the United States from 1999 to 2016. Design, Setting, and Participants This serial cross-sectional analysis used nationally representative data from 9 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2016. Survey participants were adults 20 years or older. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted in December 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-standardized prevalence of CVD was calculated using the 2010 census estimates. Participants were stratified by income group using the NHANES income to poverty ratio, which was converted into a binary variable: a ratio of 5 or greater for the highest-resources group and a ratio of less than 5 for the remainder of the population. Results This analysis included 44 986 participants. Among the 7926 participants in the highest-resources group, 3290 (50.3%) were in the 40- to 59-year age group and 4094 (51.9%) were men. Among the 37 060 participants in the remainder of the population, 10 840 (34.1%) were in the 40- to 59-year age group and 19 470 (53.2%) were women. The age-standardized prevalence of CVD decreased in the highest-resources group during the study period (1999-2016): angina from 3.4% (n = 24) to 0.3% (n = 5), heart attack from 3.2% (n = 24) to 1.4% (n = 19), congestive heart failure (CHF) from 1.2% (n = 11) to 0.5% (n = 7), and stroke from 1.1% to 1.0% (n = 8). In the remainder of the population, the prevalence of angina decreased from 3.3% (n = 131) in 1999 to 2.6% (n = 118) in 2016 and heart attack from 4.0% (n = 160) in 1999 to 3.6% (n = 201) in 2016. Conversely, an increase was observed in the prevalence of CHF from 2.6% (n = 123) in 1999 to 2.8% (n = 176) in 2016 and stroke from 2.9% (n = 152) in 1999 to 3.2% (n = 178) in 2016. Over time, the odds of reporting angina (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87;P Conclusions and Relevance This study found substantial and increasing disparities in CVD prevalence between the richest and poorest participants in the NHANES from 1999 to 2016, with lower CVD rate reported among the highest-resources group. Additional research into the dynamics of income inequality and health outcomes as well as policy and public health efforts to mitigate this inequality are needed.
Wettability alteration implications on pore-scale multiphase flow in porous media using the lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract Multiphase flow in porous media is found in a variety of engineering problems, including in technologies focused on satisfying the energy needs of an expanding global population while minimizing the effects of human activity on climate change. The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the importance and interdependence of the wettability-altered fraction, the degree of wettability alteration, and the spatially-varying contact angle assignment in influencing the pore-scale and macroscale flow properties. In order to conduct this investigation and analyze the effects on the relative permeability curves and fluid configurations, the Shan-Chen multi-relaxation-time multicomponent lattice Boltzmann model with explicit forcing is utilized, and domains of increasing fractions of wettability-altered pores are generated. We find that the fraction altered, the degree of alteration, and the accurate contact angle assignment are all correlated, and play a role to varying extents in influencing the flow behavior and the resulting relative permeability curves. The fraction altered displays the strongest effect, and the effects of the degree of alteration and contact angle assignment become more significant when a larger fraction of the sample has undergone wettability alteration. A sample that has undergone fractional wettability alteration results in a larger resistance to the overall flow and more tortuous flow paths, at intermediate saturations, in comparison to a strongly water/oil wetting domain. In a high porosity domain that is becoming increasingly oil-wet, the degree of wettability alteration has a more pronounced effect on the flow behavior of the oil phase, whereas the flow of the water phase remains dictated by the large pore spaces and the regions of the domain that have not undergone wettability alteration until a significant fraction of the domain has been altered. Moreover, a spatially-varying contact angle assignment becomes more important for a system with a large distribution of contact angles. The results demonstrate the correlations between wettability alteration and pore geometry and highlight the need for an algorithm that captures the true time-dependent wettability state of a porous medium sample.
Protein kinase 2 (CK2): a potential regulator of immune cell development and function in cancer

Protein kinase CK2, formally known as casein kinase II, is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase enzyme that regulates diverse signaling pathways responsible for cellular processes (i.e., cell proliferation and apoptosis) via interactions with over 500 known substrates. The enzyme's physiological interactions and cellular functions have been widely studied, most notably in the blood and solid malignancies. CK2 has intrinsic role in carcinogenesis as overexpression of CK2 subunits (α, α`, and β) and deregulation of its activity have been linked to various forms of cancers. CK2 also has extrinsic role in cancer stroma or in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including the immune cells. However, very few research studies have focused on extrinsic role of CK2 in regulating immune responses as a therapeutic alternative for cancer. The following review discusses CK2's regulation of key signaling events [Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), Cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2), Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK), Notch, Protein kinase B/AKT, Ikaros and Wnt] that can influence the development and function of immune cells in cancer. Potential clinical trials using potent CK2 inhibitors will facilitate and improve the treatment of human malignancies.
Principal Candidates' Sense of Efficacy: Can They Lead during a Pandemic?.

Principal candidates’ sense of self-efficacy is critical for their professional development. Analysis of a self-efficacy survey provided the authors with valuable insights into areas needed for program development. The purpose of this research-based essay is to report on data analysis results learned about the self-efficacy of 10 school leadership students during a summer principalship course. These results provide information about implications as well as specific suggestions for leadership program improvement related to crisis situations.
Intrusion Detection and CAN Vehicle Networks

In this chapter, we consider intrusion detection systems (IDS) in the context of an automotive controller area network (CAN), which is also known as the CAN bus. We provide a discussion of various IDS topics, including masquerade detection, and we include a selective survey of previous research involving IDS in a CAN network. We also discuss background topics and relevant practical issues, such as data collection on the CAN bus. Finally, we present experimental results where we have applied a variety of machine learning techniques to CAN data. We use both real and simulated data, and we conduct experiments to determine the status of a vehicle from its network packets, as well as to detect masquerading behavior on a CAN network.
Near-Optimal Average-Case Approximate Trace Reconstruction from Few Traces

In the standard trace reconstruction problem, the goal is to \emph{exactly} reconstruct an unknown source string $\mathsf{x} \in \{0,1\}^n$ from independent "traces", which are copies of $\mathsf{x}$ that have been corrupted by a $\delta$-deletion channel which independently deletes each bit of $\mathsf{x}$ with probability $\delta$ and concatenates the surviving bits. We study the \emph{approximate} trace reconstruction problem, in which the goal is only to obtain a high-accuracy approximation of $\mathsf{x}$ rather than an exact reconstruction. We give an efficient algorithm, and a near-matching lower bound, for approximate reconstruction of a random source string $\mathsf{x} \in \{0,1\}^n$ from few traces. Our main algorithmic result is a polynomial-time algorithm with the following property: for any deletion rate $0 < \delta < 1$ (which may depend on $n$), for almost every source string $\mathsf{x} \in \{0,1\}^n$, given any number $M \leq \Theta(1/\delta)$ of traces from $\mathrm{Del}_\delta(\mathsf{x})$, the algorithm constructs a hypothesis string $\widehat{\mathsf{x}}$ that has edit distance at most $n \cdot (\delta M)^{\Omega(M)}$ from $\mathsf{x}$. We also prove a near-matching information-theoretic lower bound showing that given $M \leq \Theta(1/\delta)$ traces from $\mathrm{Del}_\delta(\mathsf{x})$ for a random $n$-bit string $\mathsf{x}$, the smallest possible expected edit distance that any algorithm can achieve, regardless of its running time, is $n \cdot (\delta M)^{O(M)}$.
Feminism, identities, and the substantive representation of women on the right – crafting a global dialogue

Conservative parties across the globe are confronted with how to respond to feminist demands both from within their own parties, competing parties, and from civil society. This Dialogue section ill...
Passive microwave algorithms for refractive index of Arctic sea ice: a comparison of two approaches and interpretations

The refractive index of sea ice can be estimated using the Debye relaxation model. However, the practical use of this model is difficult because it requires a large amount of information as inputs....
Effects of Hydrogen Redistribution at High Temperatures in Yttrium Hydride Moderator Material

Advanced materials development, manufacturing, and modeling capabilities for innovative reactor designs support nuclear security and mission-focused science through enhanced technology for safer and more efficient and secure production of nuclear energy. The high temperature moderator material yttrium hydride poses a significant enhancement in small reactor design by thermalizing (slowing down) neutrons and decreasing the required fuel mass for a system. The research presented here supports understanding hydrogen distribution in yttrium hydride through: (1) the development of neutron-based hydrogen imaging and crystallographic characterization that allows us to understand fundamental diffraction behaviors and to observe changes in hydrogen distribution as a function of temperature and (2) subsequent neutron multiplication (reactivity) effects of changes in hydrogen distribution using measurement-based cross sections in a sample microreactor design. The main conclusions from the work are that: (1) hydrogen does not redistribute significantly below temperatures of 800°C in yttrium hydride and (2) hydrogen redistribution affects the reactivity slightly but not significantly.
Transport Processes Involved in FGD

This chapter describes the investigations conducted to improve the understanding of the transport processes related to dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD). It is important to improve the understanding of the various processes involved in FGD; e.g, dry sorbent injection and dispersion, sorbent and flue gas mixing, sor-bent humidification by water injection, so that the sorbent utilization can be enhanced. The objectives of this study were to experimentally obtain a basic understanding of turbulent flow structure of the mixing zone and its influence on particle dispersion; the effect of particle loading on turbulent properties and mixing; the effect of jet entrainment, water spray sorbent cocurrent flow interactions, sorbent wetting and mixing; and to investigate the flow field where certain ratios of jet velocity to flue gas velocity result in regions of negative flow.
The Geometric Basic Groups

The geometric basic groups are those Kleinian groups which are also discrete groups of isometries in one of the 2-dimensional geometries discussed in the last chapter. That is, a geometric basic group is a (conjugate of a) discrete group of isometries of S2, E2, or ℍ2.
Nanostructures and Nanobacteria

Nanobacteria (also spelled nannobacteria) are small ovoid or spherical structures ranging from 50 to 200 nm in size that have been observed by electron microscopy in association with clays and carbonate minerals as well as medically important urinary calculi and arterial plaque. In at least one study, nano-sized structures within a meteorite were presented as potential evidence of extraterrestrial life. Three major hypotheses have been developed to explain nanobacteria: (1) they represent an artifact of specimen preparation for microscopy, (2) they represent independent or previously unrecognized life forms, and (3) they represent nano-sized structures (nanostructures) arising from conventional microorganisms such as bacteria and archaea. In this chapter, we discuss experimental evidence that addresses these three hypotheses, propose studies that investigate the contribution of nanostructures (nanobacteria) to mineral formation, and suggest a possible contribution of nanostructures to chemical evolution.
Alternative Ways to Access Sweetgrass

Over the years, the Basketmaking Community has worked with various beachfront communities to get permission to enter their property and harvest native sweetgrass growing along the ocean. Communities such as Kiawah, LSSI, and Dewees Island have periodically hosted the basketmakers. The advantages were simply to access, once again, ancestral sweetgrass habitats. The disadvantages are that some of these locations are distant and expensive trips or just plain inconvenient. Once there, locating sweetgrass and harvesting within a limited period of time can be stressful and arduous. In some locations, basketmakers only have access to “commercial sweetgrass” growing in cultivation and not the natural sweetgrass growing on the beachfront. Harvesting strictly commercial sweetgrass has disappointed the basketmakers since quality can be inferior to sweetgrass growing in the natural habitat. In some cases, basketmakers have had to donate a basket to the community as part of the agreement to enter the property.
Dependence of FET/HEMT reliability on substrate thickness and gate length

The transistor substrate has a significant role on RF losses, device heating, and reliability. The substrate thickness, and the gate length, among other parameters, have direct implications on the transistor lifetime. This paper presents an analytical expression relating the reliability to gate length and to substrate thickness for a field effect transistor (FET), or a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), based on thermal considerations. Experimental observations support the model's predicted results. The derived methodology and analytical expressions are useful for device/MMIC designers to assess the device/circuit reliability performance.
Collective Rights to Indigenous Land in Carcieri v. Salazar

Since settlers set foot in the Americas, tension has existed between American Indian tribes and European settlers over tribal rights to land. When the Narragansett Tribe of Rhode Island proposed to build low-income housing on a thirty-one acre parcel of land, it became involved in years of litigation with the State of Rhode Island, its governor, and the town of Charlestown, RI. Throughout the litigation, the debate over collective ownership of land, cultural differences in property rights and the intentions behind the United States government’s policy positions regarding American Indians simmered below the surface. This comment focuses on those issues and argues that the Supreme Court’s decision in Carcieri v. Salazar, by refusing to grant collective rights to the Narragansett Tribe, violates the Indian Reorganization Act and constitutes an unjust imposition of the western view of individual rights to tribal
Midazolam-fentanyl intravenous sedation in children: case report of respiratory arrest.

Children undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures are often frightened and uncooperative. This fear may be exacerbated by parental anxiety, by separation from parents, and by pain or the anticipation of pain from the procedure itself. To achieve satisfactory sedation and analgesia, various drugs administered alone and in combination have been recommended using either an oral,1 intramuscular,2-5 intravenous,6-8 or a rectal9,10 route of administration. Although each has some purported advantage, none of the drugs or techniques that are currently available are absolutely safe or completely reliable.11-14 Because of this concern for safety and efficacy, many children experiencing procedure-related pain are often inadequately treated with analgesics and are immobilized primarily by physical restraint.
Vocal Learning in Songbirds and Humans: A Retrospective in Honor of Peter Marler

Peter Marler made a number of significant contributions to the field of ethology, particularly in the area of animal communication. His research on birdsong learning gave rise to a thriving subfield. An important tenet of this growing subfield is that parallels between birdsong and human speech make songbirds valuable as models in comparative and translational research, particularly in the case of vocal learning and development. Decades ago, Marler pointed out several phenomena common to the processes of vocal development in songbirds and humans—including a dependence on early acoustic experience, sensitive periods, predispositions, auditory feedback, intrinsic reinforcement, and a progression through distinct developmental stages—and he advocated for the value of comparative study in this domain. We review Marler’s original comparisons between birdsong and speech ontogeny and summarize subsequent progress in research into these and other parallels. We also revisit Marler’s arguments in support of the comparative study of vocal development in the context of its widely recognized value today.
SEISMIC SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS : PSEUDO-STATIC GENERALIZED METHOD

ABSTRACT This paper extends a generalized slope stability analysis method to include pseudo-static forces. Formulation and the subsequent numerical procedure of the extended generalized seismic slope stability analysis are presented. Comparison with a closed form approach indicates that the generalized method yields the same safety factor as the closed form approach. This can serve as a partial verification of the accuracy of the numerical procedures. Comparison with other rigorous limit equilibrium methods of seismic slope stability demonstrates that the presented method yields the smallest factor of safety.
Design and scaling of monocentric multiscale imagers

Monocentric multi-scale (MMS) lenses are a new approach to high-resolution wide-angle imaging, where a monocentric objective lens is shared by an array of identical rotationally symmetric secondary imagers that each acquire one overlapping segment of a mosaic. This allows gigapixel images to be computationally integrated from conventional image sensors and relatively simple optics. Here we describe the MMS design space, introducing constraints on image continuity and uniformity, and show how paraxial system analysis can provide both volume scaling and a systematic design methodology for MMS imagers. We provide the detailed design of a 120° field of viewimager (currently under construction) resolving 2 gigapixels at 41.5 μrad instantaneous field of view, and demonstrate reasonable agreement with the first-order scaling calculation.
Nifedipine-induced fingertip vasodilation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon

The effect of nifedipine on fingertip hemodynamics was studied in 10 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Fingertip blood flow (FBF) was determined in a 20°C environment by venous occlusion air plethysmography and fingertip vascular resistance (FVR) was calculated from the mean blood pressure and the FBF. Nifedipine, administered as a 10 mg sublingual dose, increased FBF in 8 of the 10 patients. FVR for the 10 patients decreased 40% from 40.7 ± 10.8 to 24.2 ± 6.1 U (p < 0.05). Seven of the 10 patients were followed in a crossover placebo-controlled clinical trial. The frequency and severity of Raynaud's phenomenon was less in all seven patients when taking nifedipine as compared to placebo. Nifedipine-induced fingertip vasodilation may contribute to clinical improvement in some patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.
On the apparent attenuation in the spatial coherence estimated from seismic arrays

Several recent studies have used the coherence of seismic noise between stations to retrieve the phase slowness and attenuation. However, there is considerable debate on the feasibility of attenuation retrieval, its interpretation, and its dependence on the noise directionality and has been the subject of several analytical and numerical studies. In this article, we perform a detailed analysis of the various factors that play a role in the estimation of spatial coherence and attenuation from seismic arrays using data from the Southern California Seismic Network. For instance, certain common preprocessing steps such as averaging neighboring frequencies to improve the estimate are sufficient to introduce attenuation-like effects. The presence of first-mode surface Rayleigh wave and P waves in addition to the fundamental mode in Southern California (at frequencies 0.05–0.2 Hz) suggests that the underlying spatial coherence is better modeled as a linear combination of the above wave types. Although this describes the observed coherence better than a simple zeroth-order Bessel function, the resulting phase cancelations due to the multiple seismic waves can be misconstrued as attenuation if not taken into consideration. Using simulations, we show that due to the slowness inhomogeneity, azimuthally averaging the coherence is not equivalent to homogenizing the medium and instead introduces apparent attenuation in the coherence due to interference. Trying to fit an exponential decay model to this apparent attenuation results in an attenuation coefficient which is similar to previously published results.
Complex shift and invert strategies for real matrices

Abstract When using an iterative method for solving a generalized nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem of the form Fu = λMu , where F and M are real banded matrices, it is often desirable to work with the shifted and inverted operator B = ( F − σM ) −1 M in order to enhance the eigenvalue separation and improve efficiency. Unfortunately, the shift σ is generally complex, and so is the matrix B . The question then is whether it is possible to avoid complex arithmetic while preserving any advantages of bandedness of the pair ( F, M ). For the classical problem where M = I and F is banded, complex arithmetic can be avoided by using double shifts, i.e., by working with the real matrix BB , whose bandwidth is double that of F . This satisfactory solution extends to the case where M is diagonal as well. In the generalized case the answer to the above question is negative, in the sense that complex arithmetic can be avoided only at the expense of losing the advantage of bandedness. One solution is to factor the shifted matrix F − σ M in complex arithmetic but employ real arithmetic subsequently in the iterative procedure. This paper examines several approaches and discusses their respective merits under various circumstances.
EFFECTS OF TRUCK DESIGN ON HUNTING STABILITY OF RAILWAY VEHICLES

A general model of a dual-axle railway vehicle truck is derived. By suitable choices of primary suspension elements, this general model may be specialized to become (1) a roller-bearing freight truck, (2) a plain-bearing freight truck, (3) a roller-bearing truck with primary suspension elements, (4) a passenger truck, (5) a generic model of a freight truck with interconnected wheelsets, or (6) a rigid truck. The truck model is combined with a car body capable of lateral and roll displacements. The effects of the various design parameters on the critical speed for hunting are examined for each configuration.
Distressing events and future purchase decisions: Jewish consumers and the Holocaust

Purpose – Understanding the role of ethnicity is key for marketers in multicultural nations such as the USA. Many ethnic groups retain a great deal of collective memories and experiences based on events in the past. Some of these experiences were stress‐inducing, if not horrific. This paper aims to look at the buying process of US Jewish consumers in relation to the purchase of German products, more specifically automobiles. Going beyond animosity, this research seeks to look at the variables of acculturation and closeness to the Holocaust as possible factors in the purchase decision.Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes survey data obtained from over 400 respondents with analysis performed using regression, chi‐squared analysis, ANOVA and MANOVA.Findings – The study shows that non‐Jewish Americans are more likely to purchase German automobiles than Jewish Americans. Acculturation and familial closeness to the Holocaust play a role in the purchase decision among Jewish Americans, while income d...
MAP OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ESKIMOS AND NATIVE CREENLANDERS IN NORTH AMERICA

RESUME. Cette carte de caractere pedagogique montrela repartition des esquimaux et natijs groenlandais de l'Amerique du nord. Les autorites concernees out gracieusement fourni les donnees necessaires a la compilation de cette carte, bien que celle-ci aille au-dela des statistiques deja publiees. Parmi certaines difficultes, on note celles engendrees par la localisation de ces emplacements rapportes lors du dernier recensement, mais dont on a pas retrouve trace depuis. l'emploi de symboles circulaires s'est avere inefficace dans ce cas-ci, la verite des dimensions des localites obscurcissant outre mesure la representation graphique de la population. Un systeme multicirculaire jut dont adopte meme si celui-ci tend a jausser quelque peu le nombre des villages. Un tableau dans le texte montre les donnees de la population selon le recensement, de meme que la position geogra-phique de chacun des endroits. Des remercie-ments sont adresses a l'endroit des officiers du recensement des trois gouvernements concernes, ainsi qu a tous ceux qui ont rendu possible la preparation de cette carte.
Incorporating Bedside Handoff: Using Evidence-Based Practice to Improve Communication and Decrease Errors

A change was needed on a 20-bed pediatric cardiology unit that was starting to see decreased patient satisfaction scores and discord among staff with regard to communication. The goal was to create a patient handoff method that increases communication and understanding of care between nurses and patient/families, decreases the incidence of medication/laboratory/order/patient errors (while simultaneously encouraging reporting of errors), and allows for more thorough and accurate communication from nurse to nurse.
Using the Cochlear Microphonic as a Tool to Evaluate Cochlear Function in Mouse Models of Hearing

The cochlear microphonic (CM) can be a useful analytical tool, but many investigators may not be fully familiar with its unique properties to interpret it accurately in mouse models of hearing. The purpose of this report is to develop a model for generation of the CM in wild-type (WT) and prestin knockout mice. Data and modeling results indicate that in the majority of cases, the CM is a passive response, and in the absence of outer hair cell (OHC) damage, mice lacking amplification are expected to generate WT levels of CM for inputs less than ~30 kHz. Hence, this cochlear potential is not a useful metric to estimate changes in amplifier gain. This modeling analysis may explain much of the paradoxical data in the literature. For example, various manipulations, including the application of salicylate and activation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle, reduce the compound action potential but increase or do not change the CM. Based on this current evaluation, CM measurements are consistent with early descriptions where this AC cochlear potential is dominated by basal OHCs, when recorded at the round window.
A generalized adjoint framework for sensitivity and global error estimation in time-dependent nuclear reactor simulations

Abstract We develop a general framework for computing the adjoint variable to nuclear engineering problems governed by a set of differential–algebraic equations (DAEs). The nuclear engineering community has a rich history of developing and applying adjoints for sensitivity calculations; many such formulations, however, are specific to a certain set of equations, variables, or solution techniques. Any change or addition to the physics model would require a reformulation of the adjoint problem and substantial difficulties in its software implementation. In this work we propose an abstract framework that allows for the modification and expansion of the governing equations, leverages the existing theory of adjoint formulation for DAEs, and results in adjoint equations that can be used to efficiently compute sensitivities for parametric uncertainty quantification. Moreover, as we justify theoretically and demonstrate numerically, the same framework can be used to estimate global time discretization error. We first motivate the framework and show that the coupled Bateman and transport equations, which govern the time-dependent neutronic behavior of a nuclear reactor, may be formulated as a DAE system with a power constraint. We then use a variational approach to develop the parameter-dependent adjoint framework and apply existing theory to give formulations for sensitivity and global time discretization error estimates using the adjoint variable. We apply the framework to two problems: a simple pendulum problem with known solution, which serves to verify our global error estimation procedure, and a 1D model of a traveling wave reactor. We then emphasize the utility of the framework by adding heat transfer physics to the reactor problem and showing that no reformulation of the adjoint framework is required for application to the new physics. We conclude that the abstraction of the adjoint approach into a general framework will facilitate multiphysics reactor modeling in large-scale software projects.
Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Rhesus Macaques following Antibiotic Treatment of Disseminated Infection

The persistence of symptoms in Lyme disease patients following antibiotic therapy, and their causes, continue to be a matter of intense controversy. The studies presented here explore antibiotic efficacy using nonhuman primates. Rhesus macaques were infected with B. burgdorferi and a portion received aggressive antibiotic therapy 4–6 months later. Multiple methods were utilized for detection of residual organisms, including the feeding of lab-reared ticks on monkeys (xenodiagnosis), culture, immunofluorescence and PCR. Antibody responses to the B. burgdorferi-specific C6 diagnostic peptide were measured longitudinally and declined in all treated animals. B. burgdorferi antigen, DNA and RNA were detected in the tissues of treated animals. Finally, small numbers of intact spirochetes were recovered by xenodiagnosis from treated monkeys. These results demonstrate that B. burgdorferi can withstand antibiotic treatment, administered post-dissemination, in a primate host. Though B. burgdorferi is not known to possess resistance mechanisms and is susceptible to the standard antibiotics (doxycycline, ceftriaxone) in vitro, it appears to become tolerant post-dissemination in the primate host. This finding raises important questions about the pathogenicity of antibiotic-tolerant persisters and whether or not they can contribute to symptoms post-treatment.
Value and Growth, Theory and Practice

The definition of value-based investing is widely accepted by both academics and practitioners, but there is confusion and disagreement as to the definition of growth-based investing. There is some statistical support for generic value and growth multifactor ranking models. Given different holding-period sensitivities of alpha potential for value and growth, there appear to be two ways to exploit the two styles: the typical combining of pure styles in a portfolio, or the less widely recognized use of a combined value/growth model. One important conclusion is that active style exploitation of alpha is inherently incompatible with capitalization-weighted benchmarks.
On the possibility of quasi-static convection in the quiet magnetotail

The magnetotail is known to serve as a reservoir of energy transferred into the terrestrial magnetosphere from the solar wind. Some theoretical arguments have suggested that quasi-static adiabatic convection cannot occur throughout the magnetotail because of the structure of the magnetic field. It is shown that in a magnetotail of finite width, downtail pressure gradients depend strongly on the ratio of the potential across half the tail to the ion temperature in the far tail. For pertinent quiet time ratios, a Tsyganenko quiet-time magnetic field model is consistent with steady convection.
Effect of Selected Word Attributes on Preschoolers' Speech Disfluency: Initial Phoneme and Length

This study was designed to determine whether preschool nonstutterers tend to be disfluent on words that begin with consonants or on words that begin with vowels and whether they tend to be disfluent on long or on short words. Analyses of the spontaneous speech of 10 four-year-old boys sampled both in their nursery school classroom and in an interview situation indicated that initial phoneme exerted no influence on the distribution of their speech disfluencies. Word length, however, exerted an influence in the interview situation where the children tended to be disfluent on monosyllabic words. These data raise questions with respect to the applicability of Bloodstein’s (1974) model of the development of stuttering to the disfluency behavior of nonstutterers.
Symptom Cluster as a Predictor of Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: Preliminary Evidence

The present study examined the symptom cluster of fatigue, pain, and depression, and its direct and indirect prediction of physical activity behavior in a sample of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) using a prospective research design and the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms. The sample included 292 individuals with a definite diagnosis of MS. The participants completed self-report measures of fatigue, depression, pain, self-efficacy, and functional limitations at baseline and six months later, wore an accelerometer for seven days and completed a self-report measure of physical activity behavior. The data analysis indicated that: 1) fatigue, depression, and pain represented a symptom cluster; 2) the symptom cluster had a strong and negative predictive relationship with physical activity behavior; and 3) functional limitations, but not self-efficacy, accounted for the predictive relationship between the symptom cluster and physical activity behavior. Such findings provide preliminary support to the importance of considering symptom clusters as a meaningful correlate of physical activity behavior in persons with MS.