cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Sectoral and Institutional Approach

Using a dataset which breaks down FDI flows into primary, secondary and tertiary sector investments and a GMM dynamic approach to address concerns about endogeneity, the paper analyzes various macroeconomic, developmental, and institutional/qualitative determinants of FDI in a sample of emerging market and developed economies. While FDI flows into the primary sector show little dependence on any of these variables, secondary and tertiary sector investments are affected in different ways by countries’ income levels and exchange rate valuation, as well as development indicators such as financial depth and school enrollment, and institutional factors such as judicial independence and labor market flexibility. Finally, we find that the effect of these factors often differs between advanced and emerging economies.
Intrapelvic hemangiosarcoma in a horse.

1. Appel MJG, Summers BA: 1995, Pathogenicity of morbilliviruses for terrestrial carnivores. Vet Microbiol 44:187–191. 2. Budd J: 1970, Distemper. In: Infectious diseases of wild mammals, ed. Davis J, pp. 36–49. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. 3. Bush M, Montali RJ, Brownstein D, et al.: 1976, Vaccine-induced canine distemper in a lesser panda. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169:959–960. 4. Carpenter JW, Appel MJG, Erickson RC, et al.: 1976, Fatal vaccine-induced distemper virus infection in black-footed ferrets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 169:961–964. 5. Confer AW, Khan DE, Koestner A, et al.: 1975, Comparison of canine distemper viral strains: an electron microscopic study. Am J Vet Res 38:741–748. 6. Dungworth DL: 1993, The respiratory system. In: Pathology of domestic animals, ed. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N, pp. 539–698. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 7. Durchfeld B, Baumgartner W, Herbst W, et al.: 1990, Vaccineinduced canine distemper infection in litter of African hunting dogs (Lyacon pictus). J Vet Med B37:203–212. 8. Fowler ME: 1986, Carnivores. In: Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, ed. Fowler ME, pp. 800–881. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 9. Gorham JR: 1966, The epizootiology of distemper. J Am Vet Med Assoc 149:610–622. 10. Kazacos KR, Thacker HL, Shivaprasad HL: 1981, Vaccinationinduced distemper in kinkajous. J Am Vet Med Assoc 179: 1166–1169. 11. Maeda H, Ozaki K, Takagi Y, et al.: 1994, Distemper skin lesions in a dog. Zentralb Veterinarmed A 41:247–250. 12. Montali RJ, Bartz CR, Bush M: 1987, Canine distemper virus. In: Virus infection of carnivores, ed. Appel M, pp. 437–443. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 13. van Moll P, Alldinger S, Baumgartner W, et al.: 1995, Distemper in wild carnivores: an epidemiological, histological and immunocytochemical study. Vet Microbiol 44:193–199. 14. Wallach JD, Boever WJ: 1983, Viverridae and Hyaenidae. In: Diseases of exotic animals. Medical and surgical management, ed. Wallach JD, Boever WJ, pp. 535–547. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 15. Yager JL, Scott DW: 1993, Viral diseases of skin. In: Pathology of domestic animals, ed. Jubb KVF, Kennedy PC, Palmer N, pp. 628–644. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
The role of correlations in quantum optics and atom optics

Summary form only given. The modern development of quantum optics began with the realization that the coherence properties and most of the statistical properties of light are determined by a succession of correlation functions for the quantized electromagnetic field. Many of the cold-atom experiments of the past decade that are part of the foundation of the new field of atom optics have close optical analogues, and many of the same concepts of statistical correlation, borrowed from quantum optics, take on new meaning in discussing the behavior of matter fields. The analogies carry over to the discussion of fermionic atoms as well as bosonic atoms.
Fungi, for Biotechnology

The Role of Fungi in Biotechnology Fungi in Environmental Biotechnology Other Wood-Degrading Fungi Genetic Manipulation of Fungi Pollutant Degradation Keywords: biodegradation; biotechnology; fungi; fungi and pollutant biodegradation; fungi in biotechnology; genetic manipulation of fungi; wood degrading fungi
Air bag-induced orbital blow-out fractures.

RATIONALE: Although air bags have decreased the risk of serious injury from motor vehicle crashes, their deployment is not innocuous and can result in injury. The force of the deploying air bag can cause orbital blow-out fractures. We investigated the circumstances that predispose a crash occupant to this particular injury. STUDY DESIGN: The authors conducted a case series. METHODS: A total of 150 orbital fractures occurred among 2,739 occupants in crashes included in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database from January 1997 to July 2005. Ten orbital blow-out fractures attributed solely to air bag deployment were extracted and four reported in depth. Occupant, vehicle, and crash characteristics were reviewed for predisposing similarities and to investigate the mechanism of injury. RESULTS: All crashes had air bag deployment and a frontal or near-frontal principle direction of force. Nine of 10 injured occupants were positioned within the air bag's deployment zone at the time of impact as a result of a forward seat track position, falling asleep at the wheel, being unrestrained, or having decelerated before impact. Six of 10 occupants experiencing orbital blow-out fractures were of shorter than average height. Based on rigorous crash reconstructions, the orbital blow-out injuries were felt to be causally related to air bag deployment. CONCLUSION: Air bag deployment may result in orbital blow-out fractures. Occupants positioned in close proximity to the air bag during its deployment phase appear to be at increased risk for orbital blow-out fractures. Language: en
Transport of indirect excitons in a potential energy gradient

We create a potential energy gradient for indirect excitons using a shaped electrode and study exciton transport. We observe that indirect excitons are localized at low densities and travel along the ramp at high densities.
CYTOTOXIC T CELLS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN TRINITROPHENYL- AND DINITROPHENYL-MODIFIED SYNGENEIC CELLS*

Spleen cells sensitized against trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified stimulator cells displayed a cytotoxic effect against syngeneic TNP-modified but not dinitrophenyl (DNP)-modified target cells. The same finding was observed in the opposite direction; that is, effector cells sensitized against DNP-modified stimulator cells did not cross kill TNP-modified targets. The specificity of the anti-TNP effector cells was confirmed in a cold target competition assay. Presensitization in vivo with hapten-modified cells followed by rechallenge and testing in vitro did not alter the specificity of the response between the haptens. These data indicate that the receptor(s) on the cytotoxic T cell can distinguish between two closely related haptenic molecules.
Effects of Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation on Blood-Flow Distribution in Conscious Dogs at Rest and during Exercise

The effects of stimulating the carotid sinus nerves on the distribution of cardiac output and peripheral vasoactivity was studied in intact, unanesthetized dogs instrumented with ultrasonic or electromagnetic flow probes on the ascending aorta, mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries, and miniature pressure gauges in the aorta. A radiofrequency pacemaker was used to stimulate the nerves in dogs at rest, during treadmill exercise, and after autonomic blockade. Thirty-second periods of stimulation in the resting dog resulted in an average decrease in aortic pressure of 28%, cardiac output remained unchanged, total peripheral resistance fell 29%, mesenteric flow 12%, mesenteric vascular resistance 18%, renal flow 8%, and renal vascular resistance 22%. In the iliac bed flow increased by 90% while resistance declined by 62%. Heart rate decreased initially by 13%, and returned to control during stimulation. The bradycardia was determined to be predominantly due to vagal stimulation. During treadmill exercise carotid sinus nerve stimulation resulted in similar decreases in arterial pressure, mesenteric and renal resistance, and a further decrease in iliac resistance from exercise control values. Thus, electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves in the conscious dog produced a differential pattern of peripheral vasodilatation, the most profound dilatation being observed in the hind-limb circulation. This release of sympathetic tone also occurred during stimulation in exercising animals when the muscular bed was already dilated on a metabolic basis.
Paired overbounding for nonideal LAAS and WAAS error distributions

A significant challenge in fielding space-based and ground-based augmentation systems (SBAS and GBAS) for GPS involves the validation of navigation integrity, which requires the establishment of error bounds for aircraft position. This paper introduces a new approach to validating position-domain integrity by using two-sided envelopes for each ranging source. This paired-bounding approach allows for error distributions of arbitrary form and thus improves on earlier integrity validation approaches restricted to zero-mean, symmetric, and unimodal distributions
PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF PARTIES: A QUANTITATIVE MODEL OF DUVERGER'S MECHANICAL EFFECT

Iby means of a quantitative model. The model predicts the range within which the effective number of parties in a district should fall for a given magnitude (number of seats) of the district. At the national level, a related model predicts the effective number of parties based on the effective magnitude and the number of seats in the national assembly. The institutional variables considered-magnitude and assembly size-define a great portion of the structural constraints within which a given country's politics must take place. The model developed provides a good fit to data in spite of its having been developed from outrageously simple starting assumptions. Tf one had to give a single number to characterize the politics of any country that employs competitive elections, it would be the number of parties active in its national assembly. This number would not tell the whole story, by any means; but it tells us more than any other single number or term could. The number of parties directly or indirectly affects other important aspects of how a political system functions, including how long its cabinets last if the system is parliamentary (Lijphart 1984) and how elections translate into "citizen control" of policymakers (Powell 1989). The number of parties is a most important feature in a country's politics and therefore in comparative studies also. We shall discuss the ways of defining this number operationally further on. What determines the number of parties? History, present issues, and institutions all intervene. But if one had to give a single major factor, it would have to be the district magnitude (M), that is, the number of seats allocated in an electoral district (Rae 1967). The well-known Duverger rule says that one-seat districts tend to lead to two-party systems, while multiseat districts tend to go with multiparty systems (Duverger 1951, 1954; see also Riker 1982). One can be more precise, since even within the multiseat category, a larger M tends to go with a larger number of parties. But before we can attempt to define a relationship between district magnitude and the number of parties, we need to establish a means to measure the number of parties.
Fidelity of Nucleotide Insertion at 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine by Mammalian DNA Polymerase δ STEADY-STATE AND PRE-STEADY-STATE KINETIC ANALYSIS

Nucleotide insertion opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) by fetal calf thymus DNA polymerase δ (pol δ) was examined by steady-state and pre-steady-state rapid quench kinetic analyses. In steady-state reactions with the accessory protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), pol δ preferred to incorporate dCTP opposite 8-oxoG with an efficiency of incorporation an order of magnitude lower than incorporation into unmodified DNA (mainly due to an increased K m). Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of incorporation opposite 8-oxoG showed biphasic kinetics for incorporation of either dCTP or dATP, with rates similar to dCTP incorporation opposite G, large phosphorothioate effects (>100), and oligonucleotide dissociation apparently rate-limiting in the steady-state. Although pol δ preferred to incorporate dCTP (14% misincorporation of dATP) the extension past the A:8-oxoG mispair predominated. The presence of PCNA was found to be a more essential factor for nucleotide incorporation opposite 8-oxoG adducts than unmodified DNA, increased pre-steady-state rates of nucleotide incorporation by >2 orders of magnitude, and was essential for nucleotide extension beyond 8-oxoG. pol δ replication fidelity at 8-oxoG depends upon contributions from K m, KddNTP, and rates of phosphodiester bond formation, and PCNA is an important accessory protein for incorporation and extension at 8-oxoG adducts.
The Time Warp mechanism for database concurrency control

In this paper we introduce the Time Warp mechanism as a new method for concurrency control in distributed database systems. Its major distinguishing features are first, a unification of transactions and data as two forms of the more general notion of object, and second, the use of object rollback as the fundamental tool for synchronization instead of blocking or abortion.
Demonstration of the genetic stability and temporal expression of select members of the Lyme disease spirochete OspF protein family during infection in mice

Infection with Lyme disease spirochetes can be chronic. This suggests that the spirochetes are capable of immune evasion. In a previous study we demonstrated that the ospE gene family, which is one of three gene families whose members are flanked at their 5' end by the highly conserved upstream homology box (UHB) element, undergoes mutation and rearrangement during infection. This results in the generation of antigenically distinct variants that may contribute to immune evasion. In this study we have assessed the genetic stability of the UHB-flanked ospF gene family during infection in mice. Using postinfection clonal populations of Borrelia burgdorferi B31MI, PCR amplicons were generated for three members of the ospF gene family after a 3-month infection time frame. The amplicons were analyzed by single-nucleotide polymorphism pattern analysis and DNA sequencing. Members of the ospF gene family were found to be stable during infection, as no mutations or rearrangements were detected. An analysis of the humoral immune response to these proteins during infection revealed that the immune response to each is specific and that there is a delayed humoral immune response to some OspF protein family members. These analyses suggest that there is a temporal component to the expression of these genes during infection. In addition to a possible contribution to immune evasion, members of the OspF protein family may play specific roles at different stages of infection.
Self-incompatibility in Light of Population Structure and Inbreeding

Self-incompatibility has been viewed traditionally as a mechanism to promote outcrossing and minimize inbreeding in flowering plants (Darwin 1876; de Nettancourt 1977). This has led some authors to equate self-compatibility (SC) with inbreeding and self-incompatibility (SI) with outbreeding in natural populations (Ruiz and Arroyo 1978; Mcleod et al. 1983; Wiens 1984). It is true that high levels of inbreeding exist in certain self-compatible, self-fertilizing species. However, it is not necessary that self-compatible species be highly inbred, nor that self-incompatible species be highly outbred (Bawa 1974, Kress 1983). The breeding system of a plant and the level of inbreeding in a population are related, but often in such a way that one may have little effect on the other. SC and SI are terms that relate to the breeding system of an individual plant, as are the terms selfing and outcrossing. In contrast, inbreeding and outbreeding refer to the degree of identity by descent of genes within a population and depend primarily on population size, being essentially independent of breeding system.
Parental, fetal, and environmental factors in perinatal mortality.

Abstract The parental, fetal, and environmental factors associated with 279 perinatal deaths and 398 controls have been examined. From the data it is quite evident that socioeconomic factors are of primary importance in perinatal mortality. The difference in perinatal mortality between the white and non-white groups disappeared when adjusted for socioeconomic factors. The father's occupation and the mother's education showed significant differences in relation to perinatal mortality even when adjusted for race, age, and parity. The father's occupation and mother's education were considered as indices of the socioeconomic status of the family. The mother's age was found to be a highly significant factor in perinatal mortality even when adjusted for race, age, and parity. The technique used in obtaining the data for the present study did not yield reliable information in regard to the nutritional status of the mother. Birth interval, parity, previous obstetric complications, and previous perinatal mortality did not appear to be significant in relation to perinatal mortality when adjusted for race, age, and parity. No correlation was noted between the level of the maternal hemoglobin and perinatal mortality. Certain complications of pregnancy such as toxemia, premature separation of the placenta, placenta previa, and other antepartum bleeding were associated with extremely high perinatal mortality rates. In this study the type of delivery appeared to have no relationship to perinatal mortality when other variables were considered.
CHAPTER 2 – Solid-State and Solution Methods for Determining Biological Macromolecular Structure

This chapter discusses crystallographic and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods for determining macromolecular structure. These methods are highly complicated in terms of data collection and analyses. The first diffraction method described is crystallography, which involves a form of diffraction that can be observed using several forms of radiation. Other methods of diffraction: (1) X-ray crystallography, (2) electron diffraction, and (3) neutron diffraction. The topics crystallization and X-ray data collection are discussed in detail in the chapter along with protein structure factors, their phases, and refinement. The mathematical relationships from which crystallographic structural analyses are arrived at are also described in detail in the chapter. These include obtaining the amplitude of the structure factor, calculating the electronic density, and calculating the structure factor. Once these are calculated, multiple heavy atoms are derived using the MIR method. The chapter then focuses on determining the positions of heavy atoms, which include calculating Patterson maps, and locating heavy atom sites from them. Molecular replacement that reveals the calculation of phases, using a homologous structure with temperature factors and refinement are also highlighted. The chapter also provides information on electron density maps and then concludes by discussing nuclear magnetic resonance methods for determining solution structure.
A systematic review of transitional-care strategies to reduce rehospitalization in patients with heart failure

The objective of this review was to evaluate existing transition-of-care models and identify common themes that may minimize exacerbation and rehospitalization, and improve quality of life for patients with heart failure (HF). HF is a significant burden in the United States and a common reason for recurrent hospitalizations. When multidisciplinary health care providers function as liaisons and educators during transition from hospital to home, they help prepare patients for life with chronic HF and mitigate the need for readmission. Systematic literature searches were performed to identify research papers relevant to transition-of-care themes in HF. Eight common themes were identified that can be applied to patients with HF to improve long-term outcomes. This paper emphasizes ways in which health care providers can implement theme-based transitional care, including providing patients and caregivers with practical skills and services that promote knowledge and engagement in self-care and stimulate active communication with health care providers.
(F+2)A Color Center Lasers

A variety of ( F 2 + ) A center crystals has been used to achieve broadly tunable (roughly 2.0 to 4.0 microns) efficient laser action. Recently an osci11ator-amplifier system has been constructed using KCI:Li crystals in which we achieve output energies of 2.3 mJ (peak powers exceeding 0.4 MU) and continuous tuning over 2.0 to 2.4 microns). This talk will describe the photo-kinetics of the ( F 2 + ) A laser, summarize several milestones in the use of the 1aser, and will end with a description of the recently constructed oscillator-amplifier system.
Development of a Higher Order CESE scheme for Transient Viscous Flows

In this paper, we attempt to develop a higher-order version of the novel space-time CESE framework (originally 2 nd order accurate in both space and time) that is suitable for modeling transient viscous flows. Although higher-order versions of the CESE framework have been proposed in recent times, all of them are non-dissipative (neutrally stable) in nature, making them difficult to apply to both inviscid and viscous problems. In this regard, concepts like space-time inversion invariance, that determine the non-dissipative nature of the numerical framework, and the procedure to break the space-time inversion invariance of the original scheme- a necessary step to develop a viscous flow solver from the neutrally stable CESE framework- are explained here.
A Novel Micro Heater Integrated on Flexible Polyimide Substrate With Fast Response and Uniform Temperature Distribution

This paper presents a novel micro heater prepared on polyimide thin film with fast response and ultra-uniform temperature distribution in the heating area. The transparent polyimide thin film was fabricated by spin-coating, baking and curing the liquid polyimide on the silicon wafer. A gold heater together with the vanadium oxide based thermistor was integrated on the polyimide thin film. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the polyimide thin film, the MEMS heater could reach high temperature with low power consumption and fast response time. FEA method was applied to optimize the shape of the gold heater to achieve uniform temperature distribution along the heating area. A copper island was also deposited on the back of the heater to improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution. The vanadium oxide based temperature sensor with a high temperature coefficient of resistivity as 2.4% was used for the temperature sensing. The temperature variation among the heating area is less than 0.2°C.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Crowd sourcing disaster management: The complex nature of Twitter usage in Padang Indonesia

Social media is playing a growing role in disaster management and response. Expectations are that such media can be critical for sending alerts, identifying critical needs, and focusing response. However, for social media to be used in that way, it will be necessary to understand how social media is used during normal, i.e., non-disaster periods. Herein we examine the use of a particular social media, Twitter, and assess its value for disaster management with a focus on planning and early warnings. Our focus is Padang Indonesia, and the potential use of Twitter to support tsunami warning and response. We assess alternative collection strategies and analyze Twitter usage under normal conditions and then use this information to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this data in supporting disaster planning and early warning in terms of coverage, spatio-temporal patterns, and identification of opinion leaders. We find that while one can potentially leverage Twitter for disaster management, careful collection, assessment, and coordination with official disaster Twitter sites and local on-scene Twitter opinion leaders will be critical from a preparedness and early warning perspective. Guidelines for harnessing Twitter data for such uses are provided. Language: en
Graphene oxide membranes with high permeability and selectivity for dehumidification of air

Abstract Hierarchically stacked 2D graphene oxide (GO) membranes are a fascinating and promising new class of materials with the potential for radically improved water vapor/gas separation with excellent selectivity and high permeability. This paper details dehumidification results from flowing gas mixtures through free-standing GO membrane samples prepared by a casting method. The first demonstrated use of free-standing GO membranes for water vapor separation reveals outstanding water vapor permeability and H2O/N2 selectivity. Free-standing GO membranes exhibit extremely high water vapor permeability of 1.82 × 105 Barrer and a water vapor permeance of 1.01 × 10−5 mol/m2sPa, while the nitrogen permeability was below the system’s detection limit, yielding a selectivity >104 in 80% relative humidity (RH) air at 30.8 °C. The results show great potential for a range of energy conversion and environmental applications.
Optical Parametric Generation of Femtosecond Pulse for Biaxial Crystal

In an optical parametric generation of femtosecond pulse for biaxial crystal, signal and idler pulses can be obtained by solving the coupled wave equations including the group velocity mismatch and GVD effects. A Fourier method is an effective method of solving this equation. The relation between intensity and duration of output pulse and wavelengths can be obtained by solving this equation. The output intensity of idler pulse can be increased by the walk-off compensation.
Autism as an example for an android

Since its introduction in 1921 in the play R.U.R. by Karel Capek we have used the word 'robot'. Robot stories have a number of themes in common: mortality and immortality, human emotions (and the lack of them), slavery and the possibility of rising up against its (or his?) creator, who wants to sit on Gods throne. The android Data from the Star Trek series The Next Generation shows that there are also medical features which may explain his behaviour.
Exposure of Intestinal Segments to Hemiacidrin: Analysis of Metabolic and Histological Effects Using a Rat Model

AbstractUsing a previously reported rat model, we examined the effects of intestinal perfusion with hemiacidrin on calcium and magnesium homeostasis, and inspected the intestinal segments for histological alterations following exposure to the solution. Intestinal irrigation with hemiacidrin resulted in a significant increase in serum magnesium. Urinary excretion rates of calcium increased 8-fold and magnesium excretion rates increased 5-fold over control values. Hemiacidrin appeared to have detrimental effects on the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, and irrigation should be done with caution in patients whose urinary tract has been reconstructed with intestinal segments.
Mixed Quasi-Compressibility Methods

In the Chapters 3 and 4, we have been concerned with stationary and nonstationary quasi-compressibility methods in order to approximate the solutions of the incompressible (Navier-) Stokes equations. The drawback of non-stationary methods is that the corresponding finite element discretization schemes are only stable under certain restrictions F(e, h, k) ≥ 0, for tuples of ansatz spaces that do not satisfy the LBB constraint. This prevents the applicability of the numerical scheme for the simulation of quickly varying space and time features of the solution. Therefore, we are naturally led to the investigation of so-called mixed quasi-compressibility methods. These schemes are composed of both stationary as well as nonstationary perturbation parts in the resulting quasi-compressibility scheme.
Transient Inversionless Amplification in Rubidium Atoms by Laser Frequency-Switching

There has been a lot of interest in lasing and amplification without population inversion in multi-level atomic systems in transient region1 and in coherently driven two-level atoms in steady-state region.2 In this paper, we report a new technique to observe transient amplification without population inversion due to free-induction decay and optical nutation3 by current-switching of the diode-laser frequency in inhomogeneously-broadened two-level Rb atoms.
An integrated vegetated ditch system reduces chlorpyrifos loading in agricultural runoff.

Agricultural runoff containing toxic concentrations of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos has led to impaired water body listings and total maximum daily load restrictions in California's central coast watersheds. Chlorpyrifos use is now tightly regulated by the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. This study evaluated treatments designed to reduce chlorpyrifos in agricultural runoff. Initial trials evaluated the efficacy of 3 different drainage ditch installations individually: compost filters, granulated activated carbon (GAC) filters, and native grasses in a vegetated ditch. Treatments were compared to bare ditch controls, and experiments were conducted with simulated runoff spiked with chlorpyrifos at a 1.9 L/s flow rate. Chlorpyrifos concentrations and toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia were measured at the input and output of the system. Input concentrations of chlorpyrifos ranged from 858 ng/L to 2840 ng/L. Carbon filters and vegetation provided the greatest load reduction of chlorpyrifos (99% and 90%, respectively). Toxicity was completely removed in only one of the carbon filter trials. A second set of trials evaluated an integrated approach combining all 3 treatments. Three trials were conducted each at 3.2 L/s and 6.3 L/s flow rates at input concentrations ranging from 282 ng/L to 973 ng/L. Chlorpyrifos loadings were reduced by an average of 98% at the low flow rate and 94% at the high flow rate. Final chlorpyrifos concentrations ranged from nondetect (<50 ng/L) to 82 ng/L. Toxicity to C. dubia was eliminated in 3 of 6 integrated trials. Modeling of the ditch and its components informed design alterations that are intended to eventually remove up to 100% of pesticides and sediment. Future work includes investigating the adsorption capacity of GAC, costs associated with GAC disposal, and real-world field trials to further reduce model uncertainties and confirm design optimization. Trials with more water-soluble pesticides such as neonicotinoids are also recommended. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:423-430. © 2016 SETAC.
Compendium of Synthetic Procedures for One-Dimensional Substances

In recent years, the area of one-dimensional materials has attracted considerable interest in the international research community and, due to the unique nature of these materials, a broad range of scientists, including chemists, experimental physicists, and theoretical physicists, have been joined together in an attempt to understand the chemical and physical properties of these materials. Since a close collaborative effort between chemists and physicists is required, a simplified understanding of the synthetic techniques is useful. The purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to enable the novice (chemist or physicist) to have at his disposal a collection of synthetic procedures for the preparation of representative one-dimensional materials. These procedures were chosen, by the author, from the sometimes large selection of literature articles, in such a way as to permit the facile synthesis of the desired materials. The literature citations reflect the author’s desire to provide only specific synthetic procedures while at the same time allowing a survey of other possible methods.
Multibuilding Block Janus Synthesized by Seed-Mediated Self-Assembly for Enhanced Photothermal Effects and Colored Brownian Motion in an Optical Trap

The asymmetrical features and unique properties of multibuilding block Janus nanostructures (JNSs) provide superior functions for biomedical applications. However, their production process is very challenging. This problem has hampered the progress of JNS research and the exploration of their applications. In this study, an asymmetrical multibuilding block gold/iron oxide JNS has been generated to enhance photothermal effects and display colored Brownian motion in an optical trap. JNS is formed by seed-mediated self-assembly of nanoparticle-loaded thermocleavable micelles, where the hydrophobic backbones of the polymer are disrupted at high temperatures, resulting in secondary self-assembly and structural rearrangement. The JNS significantly enhances photothermal effects compared to their homogeneous counterpart after near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The asymmetrical distribution of gold and iron oxide within JNS also generates uneven thermophoretic force to display active colored Brownian rotational motion in a single-beam gradient optical trap. These properties indicate that the asymmetrical JNS could be employed as a strong photothermal therapy mediator and a fuel-free nanoscale Janus motor under NIR light.
The Public Health Practitioner of the Future

The requisite capacities and capabilities of the public health practitioner of the future are being driven by multiple forces of change, including public health agency accreditation, climate change, health in all policies, social media and informatics, demographic transitions, globalized travel, and the repercussions of the Affordable Care Act. We describe five critical capacities and capabilities that public health practitioners can build on to successfully prepare for and respond to these forces of change: systems thinking and systems methods, communication capacities, an entrepreneurial orientation, transformational ethics, and policy analysis and response. Equipping the public health practitioner with the requisite capabilities and capacities will require new content and methods for those in public health academia, as well as a recommitment to lifelong learning on the part of the practitioner, within an increasingly uncertain and polarized political environment.
155 Oocyte Maturation in Lyophilized In Vitro Maturation Medium as a Method to Increase the Medium’s Shelf-Life

The in vitro production of bovine embryos has dramatically increased in recent years, and with it the demand of stable media with a long shelf-life. In this experiment we evaluated the impact of the freeze-dried in vitro maturation (IVM) medium (Mdry) on in vitro oocyte maturation. We compared the standard IVM and the Mdry media. Medium M199 was used as base for the IVM medium. The percentage of metaphase II oocytes and embryo production were evaluated. Media solutions (10 mL) were aliquoted into 50-mL conical tubes and lyophilized to form a powder concentrate using a Genesis freeze-dryer (VirTis, Gardener, NY, USA). Lyophilization consisted of a constant cooling from 20°C to –10°C at a constant rate of 1°C/min with a 2-h hold at –10°C before sublimation at 0°C. The Mdry medium was held at –80°C for 4 months (only serum and hormones were added before the incubation). When the IVM medium was rehydrated, the pH were adjusted to 7.4. The percentage of mature oocytes was evaluated after 24 h of maturation. The oocytes were stained with Hoechst 33342, and only oocytes with metaphase and a polar body were evaluated as matured. Abattoir-derived Holstein oocytes (n = 540) were in vitro matured (25–30/well in 400 µL) and fertilized with sexed semen, according to standard procedures (Rubessa et al. 2011 Theriogenology 76, 1347-1355). The oocytes were split for analysis (432 were used for IVP and 108 for maturation rate) over 6 replicates. Twenty hours after IVF, presumptive zygotes were cultured in SOF medium at 39°C with 5% CO2, 7% O2, and 88% N2. On Day 7, embryo yields were assessed. All recorded parameters were subjected to a Student’s t-test. The parameters compared were maturation rate, cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and the percentage of embryos cleaved. The α level was set at 0.05. All data were expressed as quadratic means and mean standard deviations. The results showed no differences between the 2 groups (75.9% v. 74.1%) (t = 0.37; SD = 12.69; P = 0.36; df = 5) when we compared the nuclear maturation; however, when we evaluated embryo production, we found the Mdry treatment had a higher cleavage percentage (t = 2.39; SD = 14.81; P = 0.02; df = 5) and total embryos produced (t = 2.49; SD = 5.6; P = 0.02; df = 5) compared with the control (Table 1.). These results showed that lyophilization can be a valid method to increase the shelf life of IVP media. More replicates must be done in order to understand why the freeze-dried media produced more embryos. Table 1.Mean (SD in parentheses) percentage cleavage and blastocysts
A calcium switch for the functional coupling between α (hslo) and β subunits (KV, Caβ) of maxi K channels

KV,Caβ subunit dramatically increases the apparent calcium sensitivity of the α subunit of MaxlK channels when probed in the micromolar [Ca2+]i range. Analysis in a wide range of [Ca2+]i revealed that this functional coupling is exquisitely modulated by [Ca2+]i. Ca2+ ions switch MaxiK α+β complex into a functionally coupled state at concentrations beyond resting [Ca2+]i. At [Ca2+] ≤ 100 nM, MaxiK activity becomes independent of Ca2+, is purely voltage-activated, and its functional coupling with its β subunit is released. The functional switch develops at [Ca2+]i that occur during cellular excitation, providing the molecular basis of how MaxiK channels regulate smooth muscle excitability and neurotransmitter release.
Are Self-Reported Medication Allergies Associated With Worse Hip Outcome Scores Prior to Hip Arthroscopy?

Purpose To determine if there are significant differences in preoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores in patients with and without self-reported medication allergies undergoing hip arthroscopy. Methods Consecutive subjects undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. PROs were collected within 6 weeks of the date of surgery. PROs included International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and Short-Form (SF-12) scores. Allergies to medications were self-reported preoperatively within 6 weeks of the date of surgery. Patient demographics were recorded. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression models were calculated to identify associations with baseline hip outcome scores. Results Two hundred twelve subjects were analyzed (56% female, mean age 35.1 ± 13.2 years). Seventy-two subjects (34%) self-reported allergies (range 1-10; 41 subjects had 1 allergy; 14 subjects had 2; 8 subjects had 3; 2 subjects had 4; 7 subjects had 5 or more). The most commonly reported allergies included penicillin (18), sulfa (13), and codeine (11). Female gender was significantly correlated with number of allergies (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.188; P P P P P Conclusions In patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome, self-reported medication allergies are not significantly associated with preoperative patient-reported hip outcome scores. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative case series.
Role of Disorder Induced by Doping on the Thermoelectric Properties of Semiconducting Polymers

A fundamental understanding of charge transport in polymeric semiconductors requires knowledge of how the electrical conductivity varies with carrier density. The thermopower of semiconducting polymers is also a complex function of carrier density making it difficult to assess structure–property relationships for the thermoelectric power factor. We examined the thermoelectric properties of poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (pBTTT-C14) by measurements of an electrochemical transistor using a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) gate dielectric that can modulate the carrier concentration from 4 × 1018 to 3 × 1020 cm–3. As carrier density increases, so does the concentration of associated counterions, leading to a greater degree of energetic disorder within the semiconductor. Using thermopower measurements, we show experimentally that the electronic density-of-states broadens with increasing carrier density in the semiconducting polymer. The origin of a commonly observed power law relati...
Trace inorganic species in precipitation and their potential use in source apportionment studies

Trace species in atmospheric particles have frequently been used to apportion pollutants in acid rain to their sources by comparing the relative concentrations of trace species at the source and receptor sites. Another approach is to use the trace species in precipitation directly in a source apportionment. This has rarely been done due to the paucity of data on trace species in precipitation and the unknown fractionation of the species during the scavenging process. A study was undertaken to analyze precipitation for a large number of trace species and to compare the concentrations with those in atmospheric particles. Precipitation was collected in Lenox, MA during the summer of 1984. Extreme measures were taken to avoid contamination during collection and analysis. Using five analytical methods, including the novel method of freeze-drying the precipitation followed by neutron-activation analysis, 31 species were analyzed in the rain. The trace concentrations measured in this study were lower than those found in earlier studies, where contamination was believed to be a problem. Concentrations of trace species in the precipitation were compared with those in atmospheric particles. A few species were enriched in precipitation relative to particles, including some large-particle species (Ca, Ti, Fe) and species with gaseous precursors (SO4, NO3, Br). Due to this enrichment, these species should be carefully considered before using them in source apportionment calculations. However, most species showed similar enrichments in precipitation and in atmospheric particles, suggesting that negligible fractionation had taken place during the scavenging process. These species could be used effectively in the future to apportion the pollutants in precipitation to their various sources.
SUPRAMOLECULAR ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS IN NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS

ABSTRACT. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been analyzed for nearest-neighbor protein interactions using the reversible cross-linking reagent dimethyl-3,3′-dithiobis-propionimidate (DTBP). At least four distinct cross-linked oligomers are formed in response to this reagent prior to any detectable formation of nonresolvable, high molecular weight aggregates. An assessment of the properties of the cross-linking system with respect to one of the specific oligomers formed indicates there is a stable transmembrane association which includes the major nucleocapsid protein and an externally displayed intrinsic viral glycoprotein which possesses both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities.
Opportunity and Self-Control: Do they Predict Multiple Forms of Online Victimization?

This study investigates the predictors of four types of cybercrime victimization/experiences: online harassment, hacking, identity theft, and receiving nude photos or explicit content. The effects of victimization opportunity and low self-control are examined as the primary independent variables in logistic regression analyses of data collected from a large sample of undergraduates enrolled at two universities in the United States. Results suggest that opportunity is positively related to each of the four types of online victimization, and that low self-control is associated with person-based, but not computer-based, forms of cybercrime. These findings speak to the utility, and also the limitations, of these perspectives in understanding cybercrime victimization risk among college students, and to the potentially criminogenic nature of the Internet.
Optimal cut points for Ki-67 proliferative index in predicting survival in high grade neuroendocrine tumors.

4103Background: High grade (HG) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms with limited literature regarding their prognostic course. HG-NETs generally demonstrate aggressive behavior. We hypo...
Swords to Ploughshares and Back: The Continuing Threat of Immunomodulatory Research and Development

The immune system plays a vital role in many diseases. Motivated by the desire for better treatments, there are ongoing significant efforts aimed at controlling the immune system to improve human health. As the immune system is important in curing, preventing, or causing disease, technological or scientific advances in our understanding or control of the immune system have the potential for misuse. Indeed, the Soviet biological weapons program extensively exploited scientific understanding of the immune system in attempts to use immunomodulatory technologies to enhance or even create biological weapons. In spirit and in practice, today’s research and development are different: the intent and use have, thus far, been exclusively to improve human health. Beneath the well-intended spirit and practice is the reality that today’s research efforts are inalienably linked to the weapons of the past and potentially to those of the future. What benefit or harm can be derived from understanding and control of the immune system is in the eye of the beholder. This chapter explores the research and technologies currently underway, their actual or potential abuses, the broader scope of risks, and approaches to mitigate these risks.
Novel Terpenoids from the West Indian Sea Whip Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae (Bayer). Elisapterosins A and B: Rearranged Diterpenes Possessing an Unprecedented Cagelike Framework1

Four diterpenes and a nor-diterpenoid, all of which possess unusual carbocyclic skeletons, were isolated from the hexane solubles of the West Indian gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. The structures and relative configurations of novel metabolites elisabethin D (2), elisabethin D acetate (3), 3-epi-elisabanolide (5), elisapterosin A (6), and elisapterosin B (7) were elucidated by interpretation of overall spectral data, which included 2D NMR correlation methods, IR, UV, and accurate mass measurements (HREI-MS and HRFAB-MS), chemical reactions, and X-ray diffraction analyses. The tetracyclic carbon skeleton of the elisapterosins is undescribed and constitutes a new class of C20 rearranged diterpenes. Elisapterosin B displays strong in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity.
Giant renal vein aneurysm

Abstract A 37-year-old asymptomatic man presented with incidentally identified intra-abdominal venous aneurysms. Workup, which included venography, demonstrated an absent segment of the inferior vena cava between the inferior right and superior left renal vein, resulting in a 4.4-cm right renal vein aneurysm, dilated common iliac veins, and left external iliac vein aneurysm. Collateralization was robust. Given the limited natural history data and complexities of open reconstruction, we opted to observe this asymptomatic patient with serial imaging, which demonstrated no interval change. We present our case and a review of the literature pertaining to intra-abdominal venous aneurysms.