cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lowering the Threshold for Feeling Mistreated: Perceived Overqualification Moderates the Effects of Perceived Age Discrimination on Job Withdrawal and Somatic Symptoms

This study examines whether and how perceived overqualification affects the relationships between perceived age discrimination from one's supervisor and two outcome variables: job withdrawal and somatic symptoms. Using a paired sample (of employees and a paired participant who knew them well, N = 235 pairs), results show that employees who feel overqualified, compared to those who do not feel overqualified, react more negatively to perceived age discrimination by engaging in greater withdrawal behaviors and experiencing higher somatic symptoms. Findings extend both relative deprivation theory and the age discrimination literature by indicating that perceived overqualification is not only a trigger for relative deprivation, but also a factor that seems to lower an employee's threshold for tolerating discriminatory treatment. We conclude with a discussion on practical implications that incorporate strategies for reducing perceptions of age discrimination and overqualification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mode Approximations for Impulsively-Loaded Rigid-Plastic Structures

This paper is concerned with impulsively-loaded metal structures which fall into the class that can be treated by the elementary rigidplastic theory. This class is defined by the condition that the initial energy (or the energy finally dissipated in plastic deformation) should be small compared to the maximum amount of energy which can be stored elastically in the structure. An attempt is made to provide a rational method of constructing one degree of freedom approximations for this class of problem. The approximation follows automatically from the choice of a mode shape, i.e., the most rational choice of the initial amplitude of the mode and the subsequent behavior of the mode involve no further arbitrary decisions. The method is based on a comparison of the behavior of two solutions involving the same structure by different initial conditions, using an argument similar to that which established uniqueness of solution. Illustrative examples are given.
Social Issues in Management: Comments on the Past and Future:

This essay comments on the past and the future of the Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division of the Academy of Management (AOM). The essay addresses the two major questions posed to the comment...
Beyond the Triplet Code: Context Cues Transform Translation

The elucidation of the genetic code remains among the most influential discoveries in biology. While innumerable studies have validated the general universality of the code and its value in predicting and analyzing protein coding sequences, established and emerging work has also suggested that full genome decryption may benefit from a greater consideration of a codon's neighborhood within an mRNA than has been broadly applied. This Review examines the evidence for context cues in translation, with a focus on several recent studies that reveal broad roles for mRNA context in programming translation start sites, the rate of translation elongation, and stop codon identity.
Repertoire Analysis of Ex Vivo Polyclonally Expanded Regulatory T Cells.

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the maintenance of self-tolerance and have also been implicated in the control of alloreactive immune responses. Several studies using murine models of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) have shown that addition of equivalent numbers of Treg to the donor T cell inoculum at time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can significantly reduce the incidence of GVHD. In addition, in an MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility disparate model, the infusion of Treg ten days post-transplantation was shown to ameliorate the progression of GVHD while permitting a graft-versus-leukemia effect. However, because Treg constitute <5% of peripheral CD4+ T cells in humans, the use of freshly isolated Treg to treat and/or prevent GVHD, as well as other diseases in the clinical situation, is limited. Therefore, much effort is now under way to expand Treg in order to have sufficient numbers for therapeutic use. There is little available information regarding the repertoire complexity of ex vivo, polyclonally expanded regulatory T cells. We hypothesize that like their CD4+CD25− T cell counterparts, the diversity of the Treg T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire will also be complex. To this end, CD4+CD25− and CD4+CD25+ T cells from B10.BR mice were purified using fluorescence activated cell sorting; both populations were polyclonally expanded using CD3/CD28 paramagnetic microbeads in combination with high levels (100 IU/ml) of hrIL-2. After achieving a greater than 50 fold expansion, RNA from 1–1.5×107 cells was isolated for RT-PCR. The complexity of the T cell repertoire of expanded CD4+CD25− and CD4+CD25+ was determined using TCR Vb CDR3-size spectratype analysis. The PCR products were run on a sequencing gel and analyzed by the GeneMapper Software from Applied Biosystems. This comparison revealed that the number of resolvable Vb families is more heterogeneous in the CD25− populations. Whether this reflected a lack of complexity in the regulatory repertoire warrants further investigation. However, for the resolvable Vb families there were no significant differences in the complexity indexes between these two groups.
A capacitive ultrasonic transducer based on parametric resonance

A capacitive ultrasonic transducer based on a parametric resonator structure is described and experimentally demonstrated. The transducer structure, which we call capacitive parametric ultrasonic transducer (CPUT), uses a parallel plate capacitor with a movable membrane as part of a degenerate parametric series RLC resonator circuit with a resonance frequency of fo. When the capacitor plate is driven with an incident harmonic ultrasonic wave at the pump frequency of 2fo with sufficient amplitude, the RLC circuit becomes unstable and ultrasonic energy can be efficiently converted to an electrical signal at fo frequency in the RLC circuit. An important characteristic of the CPUT is that unlike other electrostatic transducers, it does not require DC bias or permanent charging to be used as a receiver. We describe the operation of the CPUT using an analytical model and numerical simulations, which shows drive amplitude dependent operation regimes including parametric resonance when a certain threshold is exceeded. We verify these predictions by experiments with a micromachined membrane based capacitor structure in immersion where ultrasonic waves incident at 4.28 MHz parametrically drive a signal with significant amplitude in the 2.14 MHz RLC circuit. With its unique features, the CPUT can be particularly advantageous for applications such as wireless power transfer for biomedical implants and acoustic sensing.
Independent Living: The Concept, Model, and Methodology:

The emerging independent living (IL) field enables persons with severe disabilities to live independently and control their lives. The concept and model have implications for rehabilitation, education, and related human service fields. This article discusses guiding influences that led to changes in the IL concept and model and presents a state-of-the-art definition of independent living. It discusses general application of the IL concept. An IL model is presented that focuses on improving the community environment and offering assistive services to persons with severe disabilities. Finally, future IL challenges are discussed.
Women's Rights, Indigenous Rights, and Social Cohesion in Latin America

The exclusion of indigenous peoples is a critical issue in several countries of Latin America and has become more salient as the indigenous themselves have mobilized. Pressures from below are changing the contours of politics, most notably in Bolivia and Ecuador, but also in Guatemala, Peru, and even in Mexico, which has the largest indigenous population of any country in the Western hemisphere.
Small fruit flies sacrifice temporal acuity to maintain contrast sensitivity.

Abstract Holometabolous insects, like fruit flies, grow primarily during larval development. Scarce larval feeding is common in nature and generates smaller adults. Despite the importance of vision to flies, eye size scales proportionately with body size, and smaller eyes confer poorer vision due to smaller optics. Variable larval feeding, therefore, causes within-species differences in visual processing, which have gone largely unnoticed due to ad libitum feeding in the lab that results in generally large adults. Do smaller eyes have smaller ommatidial lenses, reducing sensitivity, or broader inter-ommatidial angles, reducing acuity? And to what extent might neural processes adapt to these optical challenges with temporal and spatial summation? To understand this in the fruit fly, we generated a distribution of body lengths (1.67−2.34 mm; n = 24) and eye lengths (0.33−0.44 mm; n = 24), resembling the distribution of wild-caught flies, by removing larvae from food during their third instar. We find smaller eyes (0.19 vs.0.07 mm2) have substantially fewer (978 vs. 540, n = 45) and smaller ommatidia (222 vs. 121 μm2;n = 45) separated by slightly wider inter-ommatidial angles (4.5 vs.5.5°; n = 34). This corresponds to a greater loss in contrast sensitivity (
Field Tests of Aluminum Orthotropic Bridge Deck

Field tests of a lightweight aluminum bridge deck of orthotopic construction provided stresses and deflections in the deck plate and ribs caused by a truck loaded to 20 tons. A typical panel, shop fabricated complete with a 3/8-in. thick polyester resin-silica sand wear surface, was instrumented with electrical resistance strain gages and dial gages. Stresses and deflections were determined for 18 different positions of the truck on the panel. Stresses caused by the moving truck were evaluated for truck speeds up to about 20 mph. The test data for static loadings are compared to values calculated using available design methods.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Brain

This chapter examines the electrophysiological correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. As a growing number of children are diagnosed with this disorder, researchers are increasingly interested in ADHD and the cognitive processes of affected children. According to Schroeder and Gordon (1), ADHD is the most frequently diagnosed childhood disorder, with a prevalence of 3–7% among school-aged children (2). Although ADHD affects adults as well, this chapter focuses on the occurrence of this disorder in children. The sections below present brief diagnostic criteria of ADHD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) (2), provide an explanation of the diagnostic subtypes of the disorder, highlight comorbidity and subtype issues relating to event-related potentials (ERPs), examine electrophysiological findings regarding attention in children with the disorder, and investigate electrophysiological correlates of the disorder in relation to drug interventions. (For additional in-depth reviews of ADHD and ERPs, see refs. 3 and 4).
Plasma endostatin predicts kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes

Novel biomarkers are needed to predict kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those with preserved glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There are limited data on the association of markers of endothelial dysfunction with longitudinal GFR decline. We used banked specimens from a nested case-control study in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease (ACCORD) trial (n=187 cases: 187 controls) and from a diverse contemporary cohort of type 2 diabetic patients from the Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank (n=871) to assess the association of plasma endostatin and kidney outcomes. We measured plasma endostatin at enrollment and examined its association with a composite kidney outcome of sustained 40% decline in estimated GFR or end-stage renal disease. Baseline plasma endostatin levels were higher in participants with the composite outcome. Each log2 increment in plasma endostatin was associated with approximately 2.5-fold higher risk of the kidney outcome (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-4.3 in ACCORD and adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.6; 95% CI 1.8-3.8 in BioMe). Participants in the highest vs. lowest quartile of plasma endostatin had approximately four-fold higher risk for the kidney outcome (adjusted OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.8-7.3 in ACCORD and adjusted HR 4.4; 95% CI 2.3-8.5 in BioMe). The AUC for the kidney outcome improved from 0.74 to 0.77 in BioMe with the addition of endostatin to a base clinical model. Plasma endostatin was strongly associated with kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetics with preserved eGFR and improved risk discrimination over traditional predictors.
When Are Tokens Securities? Some Questions from the Perplexed

The sudden rise of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) has created unprecedented challenges for the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC). Rather than selling stock, ICOs typically raise funds by selling tokens (a type of cryptocurrency) to investors, many of whom hope to profit as the value of such tokens increases. Hundreds of companies developing projects relating to blockchain technology have sold tokens through ICOs directly to public investors without filing a registration statement with the SEC. Such sales are unlawful if such tokens fall within the ambiguous definition of a security. This policy paper examines the SEC’s response to ICOs. It argues that selling tokens through an ICO without SEC registration requires escaping what we call the “Hinman paradox.” A token can only be widely distributed to the public if the project it is associated with is functional. But a blockchain project can only be functional if its tokens are widely distributed. Blockchain projects with simple, well-defined, and compelling objectives may be able to achieve the requisite degree of functionality and de-centralization so they can sell utility tokens without being subject to securities regulation. However, the SEC’s November 16, 2018 enforcement settlements send the message that non-functional token sales without a clear path to de-centralization will not be tolerated.
The Garden of Forking Paths in Visualization: A Design Space for Reliable Exploratory Visual Analytics : Position Paper

Tukey emphasized decades ago that taking exploratory findings as confirmatory is “destructively foolish”. We reframe recent conversations about the reliability of results from exploratory visual analytics—such as the multiple comparisons problem—in terms of Gelman and Loken’s garden of forking paths to lay out a design space for addressing the forking paths problem in visual analytics. This design space encompasses existing approaches to address the forking paths problem (multiple comparison correction) as well as solutions that have not been applied to exploratory visual analytics (regularization). We also discuss how perceptual bias correction techniques may be used to correct biases induced in analysts’ understanding of their data due to the forking paths problem, and outline how this problem can be cast as a threat to validity within Munzner’s Nested Model of visualization design. Finally, we suggest paper review guidelines to encourage reviewers to consider the forking paths problem when evaluating future designs of visual analytics tools.
N-terminal syndecan-2 domain selectively enhances 6-O heparan sulfate chains sulfation and promotes VEGFA 165 -dependent neovascularization

The proteoglycan Syndecan-2 (Sdc2) has been implicated in regulation of cytoskeleton organization, integrin signaling and developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish. Here we report that mice with global and inducible endothelial-specific deletion of Sdc2 display marked angiogenic and arteriogenic defects and impaired VEGFA165 signaling. No such abnormalities are observed in mice with deletion of the closely related Syndecan-4 (Sdc4) gene. These differences are due to a significantly higher 6-O sulfation level in Sdc2 versus Sdc4 heparan sulfate (HS) chains, leading to an increase in VEGFA165 binding sites and formation of a ternary Sdc2-VEGFA165-VEGFR2 complex which enhances VEGFR2 activation. The increased Sdc2 HS chains 6-O sulfation is driven by a specific N-terminal domain sequence; the insertion of this sequence in Sdc4 N-terminal domain increases 6-O sulfation of its HS chains and promotes Sdc2-VEGFA165-VEGFR2 complex formation. This demonstrates the existence of core protein-determined HS sulfation patterns that regulate specific biological activities. Proteoglycans are glycosylated proteins that play a number of structural and signalling functions. Here, Corti, Wang et al. show that the N-terminal sequence of proteoglycan Syndecan-2 selectively increases 6-O sulfation of its heparan sulfate chains, and that this promotes formation of a ternary Sdc2/VEGFA/VEGFR2 complex leading to increased angiogenesis.
Ultrafast UV Metal-Seminconductor-Metal Photodetector Based on AlGaN with a Response Time Below 20 ps

AlGaN UV photodetectors were fabricated with micrometer scale metal-semiconductor-metal structures and tested with an ultrafast 263-nm laser. The best performance devices showed a fast response time of below 20 ps and dark currents below 10 pA. © 2019 The Author(s)
Electrocardiogram and cardiac testing among patients in the emergency department with seizure versus syncope

OBJECTIVE Cardiogenic syncope can present as a seizure. The distinction between seizure disorder and cardiogenic syncope can only be made if one considers the diagnosis. Our main objective was to identify whether patients presenting with a chief complaint (reason for visit) as seizure or syncope received an electrocardiogram in the emergency department across all age groups. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected in the 2010 to 2014 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey comparing patients presenting with a chief complaint of syncope versus seizure to determine likelihood of getting an evaluation for possible life threatening cardiovascular disease. The primary endpoint was receiving an electrocardiogram in the emergency department; secondary endpoint was receiving cardiac biomarkers. RESULTS There was a total of 144,094 patient encounters. Of these visits, 1,553 had syncope and 1,470 had seizure (60.3% vs. 44.2% female, 19.9% vs. 29.0% non-white). After adjusting for age, sex, mode of arrival and insurance, patients with syncope were more likely to receive an electrocardiogram compared to patients with seizure (odds ratio, 10.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.52 to 13.84). This was true across all age groups (0 to 18 years, 56% vs. 7.5%; 18 to 44 years, 60% vs. 27%; 45 to 64 years, 82% vs. 41%; ≥65 years, 85% vs. 68%; P<0.01 for all). Car- diac biomarkers were also obtained more frequently in adult patients with syncope patients (18 to 44 years, 17.5% vs. 10.5%; 45 to 64 years, 33.8% vs. 21.4%; ≥65 years, 47.1% vs. 32.3%; P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Patients evaluated in the emergency department for syncope received an electrocar- diogram and cardiac biomarkers more frequently than those that had seizure.
$$L^p$$ L p Sobolev Regularity for a Class of Radon and Radon-Like Transforms of Various Codimension

In the paper (Greenblatt in J Funct Anal, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2018.05.014 , 2018) the author proved $$L^p$$ Sobolev regularity results for averaging operators over hypersurfaces and connected them to associated Newton polyhedra. In this paper, we use rather different resolution of singularities techniques along with oscillatory integral methods applied to surface measure Fourier transforms to prove $$L^p$$ Sobolev regularity results for a class of averaging operators over surfaces which can be of any codimension.
Genetic control of the human brain proteome

Alteration of protein abundance and conformation are widely believed to be the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Yet relatively little is known about the genetic variation that controls protein abundance in the healthy human brain. The genetic control of protein abundance is generally thought to parallel that of RNA expression, but there is little direct evidence to support this view. Here, we performed a large-scale protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analysis using single nucleotide variants (SNVs) from whole-genome sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic quantification of 12,691 unique proteins (7,901 after quality control) from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dPFC) in 144 cognitively normal individuals. We identified 28,211 pQTLs that were significantly associated with the abundance of 864 proteins. These pQTLs were compared to dPFC expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in cognitive normal individuals (n=169; 81 had protein data) and a meta-analysis of dPFC eQTLs (n=1,433). We found that strong pQTLs are generally only weak eQTLs, and that the majority of strong eQTLs are not detectable pQTLs. These results suggest that the genetic control of mRNA and protein abundance may be substantially distinct and suggests inference concerning protein abundance made from mRNA in human brain should be treated with caution.
Tunable Matching Networks Based on Phase-Switched Impedance Modulation 1

The ability to provide accurate, rapid, and dynamically controlled impedance matching offers significant advantages to a wide range of present and emerging radio-frequency (RF) power applications. This article develops a new type of tunable matching network (TMN) that enables a combination of much faster and more accurate impedance matching than is available with conventional techniques and is suitable for use at high power levels. This implementation is based on a narrow-band technique, termed here phase-switched impedance modulation (PSIM), which entails the switching of passive elements at the RF operating frequency, effectively modulating their impedances. The proposed approach provides absorption of device parasitics and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the active devices, and we introduce control techniques that enable ZVS operation to be maintained across operating conditions. A prototype PSIM-based TMN is developed that provides a 50-Ω match over a load impedance range suitable for inductively coupled plasma processes. The prototype TMN operates at frequencies centered around 13.56 MHz at input RF power levels of up to 200 W.
The indications for and techniques and outcomes of ablative procedures of the distal ulna. The Darrach resection, hemiresection, matched resection, and Sauvé-Kapandji procedure.

Several ablative procedures exist for the treatment of distal radio-ulnar joint arthritis. This article describes the indications, techniques, pitfalls, and outcomes for the four most popular procedures: Darrach, hemiresection-interposition, Sauve-Kapandji, and matched ulnar resection. The authors explain their personal algorithm for treatment selection, emphasizing patient requirements versus the physiologic characteristics of each procedure.
Stroke and mechanical thrombectomy in patients with COVID-19: technical observations and patient characteristics.

Background COVID-19 infections have been shown to be associated with a range of thromboembolic disease. Objective To describe our endovascular experience in a consecutive series of patients with COVID-19 who presented with large vessel occlusions, and to describe unique findings in this population. Methods Mechanical thrombectomy was performed on five consecutive patients with COVID-19 with large vessel occlusions. A retrospective study of these patients was performed. Patient demographics, laboratory values, mechanical thrombectomy technique, and clinical and angiographic outcomes were reviewed. Results Four patients with COVID-19 presented with anterior circulation occlusions and one patient with COVID-19 presented with both anterior and posterior circulation occlusions. All patients had coagulation abnormalities. Mean patient age was 52.8 years. Three patients presented with an intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. Two patients presented with an intracranial occlusion and a tandem thrombus in the carotid bulb. One patient presented with an occlusion in both the internal carotid and basilar arteries. Clot fragmentation and distal emboli to a new vascular territory were seen in two of five (40%) patients, and downstream emboli were seen in all five (100%) patients. Patient clinical outcome was generally poor in this series of patients with COVID-19 large vessel occlusion. Conclusion Our series of patients with COVID-19 demonstrated coagulation abnormalities, and compared with our previous experience with mechanical thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion, this group of patients were younger, had tandem or multiple territory occlusions, a large clot burden, and a propensity for clot fragmentation. These patients present unique challenges that make successful revascularization difficult.
Sidgwick i moraliści z Cambridge

Sidgwick’s Methods of Ethics arose in large part out of the author’s consideration of a kind of argument for God’s existence developed (as I show) by his Cambridge predecessors in moral philosophy. They argued that there is a continuous and increasingly clear revelation of himself by God through common moral experience. Sidgwick’s examination of common sense morality undermines this argument. It shows common sense to be both utilitarian and egoistic. Neither of them was acceptable as articulating Christian morality. Taken together, they show common sense morality to be incoherent.
Comprehensive Analysis of Expression, Clinicopathological Association and Potential Prognostic Significance of RABs in Pancreatic Cancer

RAB proteins (RABs) represent the largest subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases that regulate a wide variety of endosomal membrane transport pathways. Their aberrant expression has been demonstrated in various malignancies and implicated in pathogenesis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we analyzed the differential expression and clinicopathological association of RAB genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Of the 62 RAB genes analyzed, five (RAB3A, RAB26, RAB25, RAB21, and RAB22A) exhibited statistically significant upregulation, while five (RAB6B, RAB8B, RABL2A, RABL2B, and RAB32) were downregulated in PDAC as compared to the normal pancreas. Racially disparate expression was also reported for RAB3A, RAB25, and RAB26. However, no clear trend of altered expression was observed with increasing stage and grade, age, and gender of the patients. PDAC from occasional drinkers had significantly higher expression of RAB21 compared to daily or weekly drinkers, whereas RAB25 expression was significantly higher in social drinkers, compared to occasional ones. The expression of RABL2A was significantly reduced in PDAC from diabetic patients, whereas RAB26 was significantly lower in pancreatitis patients. More importantly, a significant association of high expression of RAB21, RAB22A, and RAB25, and low expression of RAB6B, RABL2A, and RABL2B was observed with poorer survival of PC patients. Together, our study suggests potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of RABs in PDAC, warranting further investigations to define their functional and mechanistic significance.
Indocyanine green tattooing for resection of endophytic submucosal lesions at anatomically difficult locations: Broader application of robotic platform.

Background: Endophytic submucosal masses at anatomically difficult locations such as lesser curve of the stomach, juxta-gastroesophageal junction and duodenum are challenging to resect laparoscopically due to proximity of vital structures and difficulty to visualise them. To overcome these limitations, we describe a technique of endoscopic tattooing with indocyanine green (ICG) injection into the lesion allowing easy identification and oncological resection in a minimally invasive manner. Patients and Methods: The technique of endoscopic tattooing of the lesion and robotic transgastric eversion resection technique is described in patients with gastrointestinal tumours at difficult anatomical location. Results: Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumours at the lesser curve (n = 3) and gastroesophageal junction (n = 1) were resected using this technique successfully. Conclusion: The use of intraoperative ICG tattooing of endophytic submucosal lesions at difficult locations can facilitate minimally invasive oncologic resection. This technique allows the surgeon to be more comfortable to approach complex lesions safely to improve patient outcomes.
Narrating Context and Rehabilitating Rehabilitation: Federal Sentencing Work in Yale Law School’s Challenging Mass Incarceration Clinic

The Challenging Mass Incarceration Clinic (CMIC) at Yale Law School has been representing clients in federal sentencing and state postconviction cases since 2016. Drawing on a blueprint I set forth in a 2013 article, the clinic teaches a model of noncapital sentencing practice that builds on the best capital defense sentencing practices and seeks to transform judges’ and prosecutors’ assumptions about criminal sentencing. In this article, I set forth CMIC’s theoretical underpinnings and detail our interdisciplinary, trauma-informed approach to sentencing advocacy and clinical practice. I then describe CMIC’s case outcomes, including variances which have reduced each of our clients’ prison time an average of five years below the United States Sentencing Guidelines range and more than 18 months below prosecutors’ recommended sentences. CMIC’s work has also produced innovations to traditional client-centered, holistic lawyering; enhanced approaches to working with experts; and yielded insights into the incorporation of defense-based victim outreach in appropriate cases. Our experiences in CMIC raise several areas for future research, including whether the model will produce the kind of fundamental sentencing reform I predicted in my earlier work, and questions about fairness, risks, data, and scalability. I am publishing this article with the hope and intention that other law school clinics will borrow from and improve on CMIC’s model.
The association between number of intercostal nerves transferred and elbow flexion: a systematic review and pooled analysis.

This pooled analysis evaluates the association between the number of nerves transferred and postoperative outcomes after intercostal nerve (ICN) nerve transfer for elbow flexion. A systematic and p...
Accountable Care Organizations

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are healthcare organizations composed of physicians (both primary care and specialist), hospitals, and other health care providers who work in partnership to provide high value, patient-focused care for a defined patient population, to enhance the individual patient’s healthcare experience, to improve the overall health of the ACO’s defined patient population, and to reduce the cost of delivered care. They have been proposed as a new model for healthcare delivery in which both providers and payers share accountability for both the efficiency and the cost of delivered care. In this chapter, the various organizational and payment structures of ACO’s, the novel aspects of ACO models (such as shared savings), data on how ACO’s have impacted health care spending and quality, and currently unanswered questions about ACOs will be reviewed.
Multichannel gas-uptake/evolution reactor for monitoring liquid-phase chemical reactions.

The design of a headspace pressure-monitoring reactor for measuring the uptake/evolution of gas in gas–liquid chemical transformations is described. The reactor features a parallel setup with ten-reactor cells, each featuring a low working volume of 0.2–2 ml, a pressure capacity from 0 to 150 PSIa, and a high sensitivity pressure transducer. The reactor cells are composed of commercially available disposable thick-walled glassware and compact monolithic weld assemblies. The software interface controls the reactor temperature while monitoring pressure in each of the parallel reactor cells. Reactions are easy to set up and yield high-density gas uptake/evolution data. This instrument is especially well suited to acquire quantitative time-course data for reactions with small quantities of gas consumed or produced.
Peak learning of mass spectrometry imaging data using artificial neural networks

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging technology that holds potential for improving, biomarker discovery, metabolomics research, pharmaceutical applications and clinical diagnosis. Despite many solutions being developed, the large data size and high dimensional nature of MSI, especially 3D datasets, still pose computational and memory complexities that hinder accurate identification of biologically relevant molecular patterns. Moreover, the subjectivity in the selection of parameters for conventional pre-processing approaches can lead to bias. Therefore, we assess if a probabilistic generative model based on a fully connected variational autoencoder can be used for unsupervised analysis and peak learning of MSI data to uncover hidden structures. The resulting msiPL method learns and visualizes the underlying non-linear spectral manifold, revealing biologically relevant clusters of tissue anatomy in a mouse kidney and tumor heterogeneity in human prostatectomy tissue, colorectal carcinoma, and glioblastoma mouse model, with identification of underlying m/z peaks. The method is applied for the analysis of MSI datasets ranging from 3.3 to 78.9 GB, without prior pre-processing and peak picking, and acquired using different mass spectrometers at different centers.
THE FORGOTTEN PROCESS: INFORMATION DISARMAMENT IN THE SOVIET/US REPROACHMENT OF THE 1980S

This article contends that just as an excess of conventional arms requires a disarmament processes, so the weaponization of media should be met with an information disarmament process. The article examines elements of this work deployed to assist in the US — Soviet rapprochement of the 1980s. Cases discussed include a mutual textbook review project, citizento-citizen conferences mounted by the Chautauqua Society and a series of forums held via satellite television links called Spacebridges. The emergence of government-to-government information talks in which the United States Information Agency led by Charles Z.Wick engaged various elements of the Soviet state media apparatus is traced. The meetings from 1986 through 1989 are summarized, including the frank discussion of the challenge of disinformation and of mutual stereotyping. It is asserted that this process was more effective than is generally remembered, but success required a rough symmetry within the US/Soviet relationship. The internal crisis within the USSR repositioned the country as a junior partner and led the US to misperceive the end of the Cold War in terms of victory and defeat, with counterproductive results.
Morphological, Biochemical, and Serological Studies on 64 Strains of Actinomyces israelii

A comparative study of 64 strains of Actinomyces israelii was done with the use of techniques standardized by the Subgroup on Taxonomy of the Microaerophilic Actinomycetes. Emphasis was placed on the range of variation to assist recognition of clinical isolates and aid in differentiation from Actinomyces-like organisms. None of the strains was positive for catalase or indole, or in the Voges-Proskauer test; 90% were methyl red-positive and 62% were nitrate-positive. Acid was produced from: glucose (100%), xylose (100%), salicin (98%), raffinose (95%), lactose (89%), cellobiose (83%), mannose (78%), arabinose (76%), inositol (58%), mannitol (48%), starch (31%), glycogen (0%), glycerol (0%), and rhamnose (0%). A. israelii can be identified by the fluorescent-antibody method, but there is no single morphological or biochemical characteristic which can be used for its identification. By both fluorescent-antibody and gel-diffusion techniques, the serological classification of A. israelii group D with serotypes 1 and 2 was verified. Eleven serotype 2 strains were compared morphologically, biochemically, and serologically with 53 serotype 1 strains. All but two of the serotype 2 strains produced viscous growth in broth and none fermented arabinose.
A Corpus‐Based Analysis of the Discourse Functions of Ser/Estar + Adjective in Three Levels of Spanish as FL Learners

Research on the acquisition of Spanish's two copulas, ser and estar, provides an understanding of the interaction among syntax, semantics, pragmatics, morphology, and vocabulary during development (e.g., Geeslin, 2003a, 2003b; Gunterman, 1992; Ryan & Lafford, 1992). Recent research suggests that linguistic features in the surrounding discourse influence learners’ copula choice. We present a corpus-based analysis of the lexico-grammatical features co-occurring with copula + adjective usage among foreign-language learners of Spanish at three levels of instruction. Findings revealed the following: (a) both ser + adjective and estar + adjective occur at all levels where little linguistic complexity typically occurs; (b) ser + adjective appears in descriptive and evaluative discourse; and (c) estar + adjective is present in narrations, descriptions, and hypothetical discourse.
Relations to Cognitive Change with Age of Micronutrients Found in Green Leafy Vegetables

Consumption of green leafy vegetables has been reported to reduce cognitive decline in older adults. We investigated the relations to cognitive decline of various micronutrients for which green leafy vegetables are a rich dietary source, including phylloquinone (vitamin K), folate and carotenoids (lutein, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, alph carotene, beta carotene), in a cohort study of 954 participants of the Memory and Aging Project, mean age 81 years, 75% female. Diet was assessed by a 144-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Energy-adjusted nutrients were modeled in quintiles. Cognition was assessed annually by a battery of 19 tests. Nutrient intakes were related to change in cognitive function over a mean 4.5 years using linear-mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, and participation in cognitive activities. Higher green leafy vegetable consumption was associated with slower cognitive decline (β=0.033, SE=0.010, p=0.001). In analyses of micronutrients, we observed slower rates ...
Tissue Culture of the Colonic Mucosa with Observations in Ulcerative Colitis

Summary Adult colonic mucosa from both normal colons and those affected by ulcerative colitis can be grown successfully in tissue culture. Bacterial contamination is not a serious problem and all types of cells remain viable f or varying periods of time. Time lapse cinematography permits long term observation of the survival, growth, and behavior of individual cells of the colonic mucosa in tissue culture preparations.
Sequential Instance-Based Learning

This paper presents and evaluates sequential instance-based learning (SIBL), an approach to action selection based upon data gleaned from prior problem solving experiences. SIBL learns to select actions based upon sequences of consecutive states. The algorithms rely primarily on sequential observations rather than a complete domain theory. We report the results of experiments on fixed-length and varying-length sequences. Four sequential similarity metrics are defmed and tested: distance, convergence, consistency and recency. Model averaging and model combination methods are also tested. In the domain of three no-trump bridge play, results readily outperform IB3 on expert card selection with minimal domain knowledge.
Quantized consensus ADMM for multi-agent distributed optimization

This paper considers multi-agent distributed optimization with quantized communication which is needed when inter-agent communications are subject to finite capacity and other practical constraints. To minimize the global objective formed by a sum of local convex functions, we develop a quantized distributed algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Under certain convexity assumptions, it is shown that the proposed algorithm converges to a consensus within log1+η Ω iterations, where q > 0 depends on the network topology and the local objectives, and O is a polynomial fraction depending on the quantization resolution, the distance between initial and optimal variable values, the local objectives, and the network topology. We also obtain a tight upper bound on the consensus error which does not depend on the size of the network.
Micro-XANES: Chemical contrast in the scanning transmission X-ray microscope

Abstract The scanning transmission X-ray microscope on the X1A undulator beam line, at the National Synchrotron Light Source, has been used for imaging various biological as well as polymer samples at 55 nm Rayleigh resolution. The microscope is operated mainly in direct imaging mode, where X-rays of fixed energy are diffractively focussed to a microprobe and the sample is scanned in two dimensions. However, by varying the X-ray energy while keeping the beam focussed to one spot on the sample we can also determine the localized chemical composition of the sample from the carbon X-ray absorption near edge spectra in an area smaller than 0.2 μm by 0.2 μm. The spatial distribution of the chemical constituents can be obtained by imaging at absorption maxima of specific chemical bonds, while retaining the 0.05 μm spatial resolution of the microscope. The chemical sensitivity of X-ray-absorption near-edge spectroscopy provides a powerful contrast mechanism for imaging organic systems. The well-known differences in energy among π resonances of different chemical bonds have been used to distinguish different polymer phases and have been applied to biological systems.
Magnetism during the IEEE's first one hundred years (1884-1984)

It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the advances which have occurred in the field of magnetism since 1884. This exercise is intended to serve as a part of IEEE's centennial reminiscences. Clearly, the advances have been many and significant. Just as clearly, most of them were made during the past forty years. The century witnessed an impressive growth in both the quality and the quantity of magnetic materials and applications. Both the science and the engineeringh ave been exciting.
A new potato virus in a new lineage of picorna-like viruses.

On constructing a cDNA library for potato, ‘contaminating’ sequences with a significant identity to Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) were found. Determination of the remaining genome sequence indicated the presence of a bipartite virus with an RNA1 and 2 of 7034 and 3315 nucleotides, respectively, excluding a poly(A)tail. RNA1 encodes a single polyprotein (233 kDa) and shares highest amino acid identity with ALSV at 65%. Conserved amino acid motifs typical for helicase, protease and RNA-dependent polymerase (RdRp) functions are present. RNA2 encodes a single polyprotein (106 kDa) with amino acid identities to the flat apple isolate of Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV-FA) (97%) and ALSV (70%), suggesting this is a potato strain of CRLV (CRLV-pot). Phylogenetic analysis using the RdRp region shows that this virus falls within a group separate from the Comoviridae that includes members of the Sequiviridae and the taxonomically unassigned viruses ALSV, Strawberry mottle virus, Satsuma dwarf virus and Navel orange infectious mottling virus. Other regions of the genome have highest identities with both plant and animal infecting members of the picorna-like virus superfamily. The evolutionary context of CRLV-pot and related viruses is discussed. Similar viral sequences from an EST library of peppermint are also analysed.
Electroporation of Cells in Microfluidic Droplets

Droplet-based microfluidics has raised a lot of interest recently due to its wide applications to screening biological/chemical assays with high throughput. Despite the advances on droplet-based assays involving cells, gene delivery methods that are compatible with the droplet platform have been lacking. In this report, we demonstrate a simple microfluidic device that encapsulates cells into aqueous droplets and then electroporates the encapsulated cells. The electroporation occurs when the cell-containing droplets (in oil) flow through a pair of microelectrodes with a constant voltage established in between. We investigate the parameters and characteristics of the electroporation. We demonstrate delivering enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We envision the application of this technique to high-throughput functional genomics studies based on droplet microfluidics.
Rapid diffusion of CH4/H2 mixtures in single-walled carbon nanotubes

Equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) are used to examine the self-diffusion and macroscopic diffusion of CH4/H2 mixtures adsorbed inside a (10,10) single-walled carbon nanotube. EMD can be used to determine the macroscopic diffusion coefficients of adsorbed mixtures by evaluating the matrix of Onsager transport coefficients. Earlier studies have indicated the diffusion of light gases adsorbed as single components in carbon nanotubes is extremely rapid compared to that in other known nanoporous materials. The results presented here indicate that extremely rapid diffusion can also occur for mixtures of adsorbed molecules. The rapid diffusion of adsorbed molecules and the strong coupling between the fluxes of the adsorbed species in a mixture have interesting implications for uses of carbon nanotubes in membrane-based applications.
Cellular inflammatory responses to implanted dental materials.

Abstract Cellular inflammatory responses to subcutaneous implantation of amalgam and composite resins were assessed in rats by use of histologic and immunocytochemical methods 2 days to 8 weeks after implantation. Frozen and paraffin sections were obtained from subcutaneous tissues associated with amalgam and composite resin suspensions. The amalgam induced mild inflammation with proliferation of few resident macrophages, but implantation of composite resins was associated with an influx of monocytes, increased numbers of resident connective tissue macrophages, and abnormal major histocompatibility antigen class II (Ia antigen) expression. The data suggest that composite resins may produce a more pronounced inflammatory response than dental amalgams do when incorporated in soft tissues.
Agricultural commodity markets : a guide to futures trading

1. Futures Markets and Agriculture 2. Agricultural Options 3. Commodity Futures Exchanges 4. Approaches to Price Analysis 5. Techniques for Successful Trading 6. Grains 7. Oilseeds, Oilmeals and Oils 8. Livestock and Meat 9. Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa 10. Other Commodities 11. The Future of Futures.
Imperfection sensitivity due to the elastic moduli in the Roorda-Koiter frame

Abstract In this study, it is demonstrated through a simple example of the Roorda-Koiter frame that the unavoidable dissimilarity in the distribution of elastic moduli may further reduce the load-carrying capacity in addition to the well-recognized effect of initial geometric imperfections.
Critical behavior of the four-dimensional Ising model

The phase transition of the spin-one-half, four-dimensional hypercubic Ising model has been investigated by means of the Monte Carlo renormalization-group technique. The results agree with mean-field critical exponents.
Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for abnormal water transport in duchenne muscular dystrophy erythrocytes

Summary The mean residence times, τ a , of water within erythrocytes of ten Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and nine controls have been determined by pulse nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Eight of the DMD results were found to be clearly higher than those of the controls. Since the values of τ a , are shown to be reciprocal measures of membrane water permeability, they reflect a new membrane abnormality associated with DMD. The results are discussed in relation to the general problem of membrane abnormalities in DMD. Finally, additional NMR experiments are suggested as a basis for further investigation of DMD membrane properties.