cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Longer-Term Career Outcomes of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Medical School Graduates: Classes of 1980–1989

ABSTRACT Background: The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine exists to provide physicians who will become leaders in military medicine in both war and peacetime. Studying the career accomplishments of graduates who have reached or are near the end of their military career is one way to assess how well USUHS is meeting this societal charge. Methods: Self-reported survey of all 2,689 USUHS graduates since its inception in 1976. Data were collected with regard to residency completed, additional degrees obtained, leadership positions and rank obtained, deployment experience, and academic affiliations. Results: Our survey resulted in a 59% response rate (712 of 1,199 respondents) for the matriculating classes of 1980–1989 and a 68% (1,822 of 2,689 respondents) total response rate for all graduates. Career outcome data were analyzed for graduates of the 1980-1989 classes in this article. For this cohort, the board certification rate was 99%; 20% obtai...
Testable implications of linear structural equation models

In causal inference, all methods of model learning rely on testable implications, namely, properties of the joint distribution that are dictated by the model structure. These constraints, if not satisfied in the data, allow us to reject or modify the model. Most common methods of testing a linear structural equation model (SEM) rely on the likelihood ratio or chi-square test which simultaneously tests all of the restrictions implied by the model. Local constraints, on the other hand, offer increased power (Bollen and Pearl 2013; McDonald 2002) and, in the case of failure, provide the modeler with insight for revising the model specification. One strategy of uncovering local constraints in linear SEMs is to search for overidentified path coefficients. While these overidentifying constraints are well known, no method has been given for systematically discovering them. In this paper, we extend the half-trek criterion of (Foygel, Draisma, and Drton 2012) to identify a larger set of structural coefficients and use it to systematically discover overidentifying constraints. Still open is the question of whether our algorithm is complete.
Reform or Redesign? The Future of the Personal Income Tax

"Deep uncertainty" marks the present condition, and "inevitable change" characterizes the future state of the personal income tax in this country. While political considerations eventually dominate, success will hinge on Congress first taking the most critical step of redesigning the existing tax structure. Evans and Tower evaluate the merits of the present paradigm based on the volatility of the federal tax base and the coordination of federal-state relationships. The resulting analysis reveals that although there many weaknesses in the current structure, the key features for successful redesign are clearly in place. Based on their findings, the authors propose a framework for a streamlined personal income tax design that enhances stability and harmonization. Though these goals are within reach, proposals for a new model, such as a Value Added Tax, threaten to impede efforts to restore the integrity of the current regime. Evans and Tower conclude that Congress must coordinate its efforts by beginning with a redesign of the personal income tax system and then focusing on the design fundamentals of any new proposal.
Bilateral Negotiations to Co-Manage Shared Marine Fisheries for Purposes of Conservation and Restoration

There can be no equitable sharing of living marine resources where resources are so depleted and degraded that there is little left to share. With estimates of 75% of the world’s global fish stocks being fully exploited, over-exploited, depleted or in the process of recovering from overfishing, the legal focus of fishing policy must shift from understanding marine life as exploitable economic stocks to identifying marine life as critical biological populations whose survival is important for the health of the oceans. Since the health of the oceans has consequences not only for marine life but also for food security and climate change mitigation, States should focus fishery efforts on collaboratively conserving and restoring marine populations and their habitats within their exclusive economic zones. With its focus on fair allocation of stocks, the Law of the Sea provides insufficient guidance on how States should undertake conserving and restoring threatened biological populations and habitat.
A novel form of macrothrombocytopenia in Akita dogs

Blood samples from 3 unrelated Akita dogs with a common history of persistent macrothrombocytopenia in the absence of clinical bleeding were sent to the Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine (AUCVM) Clinical Pathology Laboratory for evaluation. Due to low platelet counts, one Akita dog had been treated with corticosteroids for presumed immune-mediated platelet destruction, and one Akita dog was treated with doxycycline for one month for presumed infection by a tick-borne agent. In spite of treatment, platelet counts remained low in both dogs. Given the absence of abnormal bleeding in all 3 dogs and lack of response to treatment in 2, congenital macrothrombocytopenia was suspected. Interestingly, platelets from all 3 dogs exhibited a consistent elongated platelet morphology. There were no morphologic abnormalities observed in other cell lines. While there have been anecdotal reports of a possible inherited macrothrombocytopenia in Akita dogs, scientific studies have not been done to verify these reports. This manuscript represents the first case report describing what is likely a congenital macrothrombocytopenia in Akita dogs based on persistently low platelet counts in the absence of clinical signs, and characterized by a unique platelet morphology.
Myeloproliferative diseases: it’s beginning to make sense

Until very recently the aetiologies of polycythemia vera (PV), myelofibrosis (IMF) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMDs), were poorly understood. Recent work has shown that many, if not most patients with these disorders display an acquired, activating mutation of the signalling kinase JAK2, providing important new insights into the molecular aetiologies of these disorders, work which has already begun to revolutionise the diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of these disorders. In the 1970s the clonal origin of the CMDs was established, and a peculiar property, endogenous erythroid colony (EEC) formation was described, which we now know is due to hypersensitivity of progenitor cells to multiple haematopoietic growth factors (HGFs). Simultaneous with these findings, work with purified HGFs and their receptors revealed numerous intracellular signalling pathways activated by erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and thrombopoietin, cytokines that employ the Janus family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases (JAKs) to transduce survival and proliferation signals. A link between cytokine signalling and the CMDs was theorised when it was appreciated that the unregulated expression of many of the signalling molecules activated by JAKs could induce a CMD in mice, and that many of the signalling pathways were chronically activated in marrow cells from patients with CMDs. With the discovery that a mutation of JAK2 can lead to HGF hypersensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, and that depending on the dose of mutant JAK2 expressed in cells, the phenotypes of erythrocytosis or thrombocytosis can be reproduced, new insights have been gained. However, additional mutations have been identified in patients with PV, ET and IMF, and the genetics, cell biology, molecular biology and in vivo models of these complex disorders is now being unravelled. The talk will focus on the molecular origins of the CMDs, and newer approaches to control the neoplastic haematopoiesis that characterises these disorders.
Fungi Isolated from Oak-Wilt Trees and their Effects on Ceratocystis Fagacearum

(1958). Fungi Isolated from Oak-Wilt Trees and their Effects on Ceratocystis Fagacearum. Mycologia: Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 757-769.
Relationship of hyperkalemic response to hepatic phosphorylase activation induced by adrenaline.

Experiments were undertaken to disclose the relation of hepatic release of potassium induced by adrenaline to glycogenolytic action.1. In fasted dogs hepatic glycogen concentration was markedly and phosphorylase level slightly lower than in normal dogs, whereas potassium concentration of liver, serum potassium and blood glucose concentrations were unchanged.2. Hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia and liver phosphorylase activation induced by adrenaline were reduced respectively by 58%, 40% and 35% in fasted dog as compared with normal dog.3. Increase in phosphorylase activity, reduction of potassium in the liver and increase in serum potassium occurred synchronously in rapid time course.
Crossing the square

(1991). Crossing the Square. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 98, No. 9, pp. 833-834.
Therapeutic implications of melanoma heterogeneity

Over the last decade, the treatment of metastatic melanoma has been revolutionized by the translation of molecular insights into therapeutic benefit for patients. These include advances in immunotherapeutic and small-molecule approaches aimed at destroying cells with immunogenic antigens or gene mutations. Despite these advances, the limited durability of clinical response and eventual disease progression underscores a need for better understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor development. Current targeted therapies are developed partly based on the rationale that tumors are primarily clonal with respect to mutant oncogene or cell surface antigen target. However, with the advancement of cell isolation and transplantation approaches coupled with deep sequencing and mutation detection techniques, it has become increasingly clear that tumors are polyclonal. As a result, sensitive malignant cells are eradicated by treatment while the remaining tumor cell populations are conferred varying degrees of resistance and survival advantages by harbouring or acquiring certain epigenetic and genetic abnormalities. Tumor heterogeneity thus represents a major obstacle to the successful application of current therapies. Gaining insights into the cellular and molecular aspects of tumor diversity will not only facilitate the development and selection of therapeutic targets but also promote the evolution of precision medicine. In this viewpoint, we will discuss the implications of tumor heterogeneity for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and propose approaches to accelerate the translation of scientific discovery into improved clinical outcomes.
Are We Overtreating Some Patients With Rectal Cancer

The definition of overtreatment of rectal cancer is controversial, and thus it is difficult to accurately quantitate its prevalence. All components of rectal cancer treatment are associated with significant potential for morbidity and dysfunction that may have a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. No one would disagree with the tenet that overtreatment should be avoided whenever possible. Despite that consensus, little attention is given in the literature to the issues of overtreatment of rectal cancer. This review article presents a variety of clinical scenarios and summarizes available data demonstrating that overtreatment of some patients with rectal cancer is occurring on a regular basis. It is hoped that this will stimulate clinicians to critically review their own practices to eliminate such overtreatment. Development of new clinical trials to determine whether current practice guidelines are promoting overtreatment of selected rectal cancer patients is proposed.
Plasma-Based Control of Excrescence-Generated Transition on a Swept Wing

A numerical investigation was carried out to assess the effectiveness of plasma-based flow control for a swept-wing configuration. A single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator was used to delay transition generated by excrescence near the leading edge. Large-eddy simulations were performed for the configuration, which had a wing airfoil section that is representative of modern reconnaissance air vehicles and maintained an appreciable region of laminar flow at design conditions. High-fidelity numerical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations were generated for wing sweep angles of 30 and 45 deg and compared with the previously obtained unswept case. Control was generally more difficult to attain for nonzero sweep angles and transition could not be delayed for the 45 deg case unless a novel segmented swept actuator configuration was employed. Features of the computed flowfields are elucidated and effects of plasma actuation are quantified. It was found, for a sweep angle of 30 deg, that the wing l...
Contact-Induced Grammatical Change in Melanesia: Who were the Agents of Change?*

This article examines the currently accepted view about the origins of grammatical change that has occurred in Austronesian languages in contact with Papuan languages in Melanesia. The view is that this change is the result of Austronesian speakers’ bilingualism in a Papuan language, and therefore that Austronesian speakers were the agents of change. The article presents an alternative scenario—that the grammatical change may have been the result of a process involved in acquisition of the Austronesian language by Papuan speakers, who then would have been the agents of change. This scenario is supported by a description of similarities in the changed grammatical features of the Austronesian languages and those of contact languages, which clearly did arise from a process of acquisition—namely, language transfer. It is also supported by the degree of lexical borrowing in at least one of the changed Austronesian languages, Takia, which suggests acquisition rather than bilingualism played a key role.
Towards Trustworthy Integrated Clinical Environments

An integrated clinical environment (ICE) connects various medical devices and coordinates their actions via a computer system serving as the supervisor. The primary goal of an integrated clinical environment is to enhance the safety of high acuity patients during clinical operations. As such, the trustworthiness of an ICE is of paramount importance. In this paper, we propose a set of mechanisms to enhance the trustworthiness of ICEs. To ensure continuous availability and resiliency under malicious attacks, the supervisor must be replicated. To design robust mechanisms for enhanced system trustworthiness, we first carry out a comprehensive threat analysis of the ICE. In addition to ensuring the generation of consistent commands for all connected medical devices despite faulty supervisor replicas and faulty medical devices, which is essential for ensuring the integrity of the system, our mechanisms prevent faulty replicas from launching stealth denial-of-service attacks, which is important for the liveness of the system. Furthermore, we analyze the latency overhead incurred by our mechanisms. We show that the overhead of our mechanisms is sufficiently low to warrant their use in practical ICEs.
Anxiety and Depression in Children of Depressed Parents: Dynamics of Change in a Preventive Intervention

The current study examined effects of a preventive intervention on patterns of change in symptoms of anxiety and depression in a sample of children of depressed parents. Parents with a history of depression (N = 180) and their children (N = 242; 50% female; Mage = 11.38; 74% Euro-American) enrolled in an intervention to prevent psychopathology in youth. Families were randomized to a family group cognitive behavioral intervention (FGCB) or a written information (WI) control condition. Parents and youth completed the Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report at baseline, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow up. Youth in the FGCB intervention reported significantly greater declines in symptoms of both anxiety and depression at 6, 12, and 18 months compared to youth in the WI condition. Youth with higher baseline levels of each symptom (e.g., anxiety) reported greater declines in the other symptom (e.g., depression) from 0 to 6 months in the FGCB intervention only. Changes in anxiety symptoms from 0 to 6 months predicted different patterns of subsequent changes in depressive symptoms from 6 to 12 months for the two conditions, such that declines in anxiety preceded and predicted greater declines in depression for FGCB youth but lesser increases in depression for WI youth. Findings inform transdiagnostic approaches to preventive interventions for at-risk youth, suggesting that both initial symptom levels and initial magnitude of change in symptoms are important to understand subsequent patterns of change in response to intervention.
Chemical vapor deposition growth and characterization of drop‐like MoS2/MoO2 granular films

Monolayer MoS2 is an emerging two-dimensional semiconductor with wide-ranging potential applications in novel optoelectronic devices and catalysis. Here, we report the growth of drop-like monolayer MoS2/MoO2 granular films on SiO2/Si substrate by chemical vapor deposition method. The as-synthesized films were systematically characterized by various means of optical microscopy, X-ray/ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic/kelvin force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and photoluminescence techniques. The combined results of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy clearly present novel drop-like granulars and domain boundaries, ascribed to lower growth temperature. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy results complemented by Raman and X-ray diffraction results confirm the formation of MoS2/MoO2 granular films. The ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, along with kelvin force microscopy, reveals a different nature of surface potential of drop-like MoS2 granular films compared with crystalline MoS2, owing to electron transfer from MoS2 to MoO2 and drop-like structure. Our study broadens the scope of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides research and reveals the distinct physical properties of drop-like monolayer MoS2 granular films.
Particle Filter with Efficient Importance Sampling and Mode Tracking (PF-EIS-MT) and its Application to Landmark Shape Tracking

We develop a practically implementable particle filtering (PF) method called "PF-EIS-MT" for tracking on large dimensional state spaces. Its application to tracking the shape change of a large number of "landmark" (feature) points from image sequences is shown. Two issues common to most large dimensional problems are (a) observation likelihood is often multimodal and the state transition prior is often broad in at least some dimensions and (b) direct application of PF requires an impractically large number of particles. PF-EIS-MT combines the advantages of two recently proposed ideas which address both of these issues. Improved performance of PF-EIS and PF-EIS-MT over existing PF algorithms is demonstrated for landmark shape tracking.
The Effect of Completeness Perception in Narrative Advertising: An Abstract

The current study posits that perceived length of the video ad might be incongruent with the actual length of the video ad, and thus, it might be more influential to viewer’s reaction. This study will examine the effect of the completeness of the narrative ad on viewer’s perception and attitudinal responses to the ad in the context of online video advertising. We expect that viewers would perceive that incomplete ads are always shorter than complete ads, regardless of their relative lengths. Further, we predict that this perception affects viewer’s attitude toward the ad contrarily depending on the context of ad presentation. Specifically, people would prefer a complete ad to an incomplete ad when the ad is presented independently, while people would prefer an incomplete ad to a complete ad when the ads are presented contextually in media content. However, the effect of completeness on people’s attitude toward the ad will be eliminated when the actual amount of ad time is explicitly provided.
Does surgery or radiation provide the best overall survival in Ewing's sarcoma? A review of the National Cancer Data Base.

Background and objectives There is continuing debate regarding the ideal modality for local control of the primary tumor for patients with Ewing's sarcoma. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the method of local control on overall survival in patients with Ewing's sarcoma. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients Results Diminished 5-year survival was noted for patients with metastatic disease, local control with radiation alone, age ≥18 years, tumor size >8 cm, and male sex while controlling for tumor site. Surgery alone was consistently the method of local control that resulted in the highest overall survival. Conclusions Surgery alone resulted in the best overall survival for patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone. The results of this investigation provide support to the approach of surgical resection with negative margins when possible.
Correlation of changes in lean muscle weight with outcome in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) who undergo taxane-based chemotherapy (CT).

e15243 Background: mPDAC is associated with a poor prognosis. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis in mPDAC are complex; involve multiple signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines that may promote ...
Between tradition and change: appropriation dynamics and integration processes of Hinduism in Argentina

Hinduism has been defined from different perspectives as a belief system, a collection of philosophies and practices, and an umbrella term for a mosaic of religious traditions. Native to India, it has a strong historic tradition and a dynamic and expanding present. In this article, the author explores the process of appropriation of Hinduism in Argentina, pointing out that beyond its frequent association with the New Age movement, the arrival of the Hindu world-view dates back to the beginnings of the 20th century. It connected to spiritual searches of elite groups and would later spread to a larger and more diverse part of the population. At present, the notions of Hinduism support some of the most chosen disciplines of the current alternative field, which is a result of the advent of the New Age movement, the process of globalization, and a new perspective about health and well-being in Western societies.
Stage 1 small cell cancer of the vagina

This is the case of a 56-year-old white woman with a medical history significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, migraine, hypertension, tobacco abuse and hypercholesterolaemia. Her surgical history is significant for total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for diffuse endometriosis. The patient presented with a vaginal lesion. The biopsy was positive for primary vaginal small cell carcinoma and human papilloma virus (HPV). Initial staging positron emission tomography (PET) scan confirmed stage 1 disease. The patient was started on chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide for four cycles, followed by concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin/taxol and radiation therapy.
Conformation of DNA Modified by Bulky Aromatic Carcinogens

From the results described previously, it became evident that many, and perhaps all, carcinogens become covalently bound to nucleic acids in the target tissue. It also appears that this interaction is critical to the carcinogenic process. This covalent modification can introduce important changes, not only in the primary structure of nucleic acids, but also in the conformation (three-dimensional structure) of the nucleic acids at the sites of modification. Since distortions in nucleic acid structure are likely to have functional consequences, a detailed description of these conformational changes seems essential if we are to ultimately understand the carcinogenic process at the molecular level.
Brief iPad-Based Assessment of Cognitive Functioning with ImPACT® Pediatric.

ABSTRACTImPACT® Pediatric is an examiner-administered iOS-based battery of neuropsychological tests designed to measure neurocognitive functioning in children ages 5–11. This study documented Multivariate Base Rates (prevalence of low scores when multiple test scores are considered simultaneously) in the ImPACT® Pediatric standardization sample (N = 892). In the total sample, it was common for children to obtain at least one low factor score using the 25th percentile [T 43; base rate (BR) = 54.2%], 16th percentile (T40, BR = 38.1%), and the 10th percentile (T37, BR = 31.1%). However, it was uncommon for children to obtain two (or more) low factor scores using any of the above-listed cutoff score.
Core Technology Considerations: Equipment, Authoring Tools, Digital Editing Tools, and Hosting Platforms

Getting from an idea to an actual learning object (or sequence) usually requires some complex technologies, for the research, design, prototyping, development, testing, hosting, and launch. There are the research databases, camcorders, scanners, digital still cameras, the authoring tools, prototyping tools, video editing tools, image editing tools, and much more. This chapter focuses on some common considerations around technologies, such as equipment and tool functionality and interoperability, costs, digital preservation considerations (for files and digital contents), cost mitigations, and feature tradeoffs. Given the dynamic complexities of this topic, this will cover the issue more generally—to enhance generalizability and transfer.
Cutting The Cord: A Button-Sized Rectenna for Wireless Patient Monitoring Using Radiated Near-Field Signals at 2.4 GHz

A 2.4 GHz RF power transfer device is presented for wireless patient monitoring in the radiated near-field zone. Instead of near-field coils that are highly sensitive to misalignments and distance, an external button-sized rectifying antenna (rectenna) is proposed. This rectenna can be easily attached to the patient's skin or clothing. It consists of a small (15 × 25 mm2) antenna connected to a voltage doubling rectifier with a minimum conversion loss of 4.2 dB. A position sensitivity analysis is demonstrated across a 20 cm diameter, and concludes with a demonstration of a temperature sensor being activated wirelessly on a human phantom.
Systematic review of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars among adolescents: Setting research agenda to inform tobacco control policy.

Abstract Introduction We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cigar research on youth to identify potential future research agenda to generate evidence to inform cigar regulations to prevent cigar use among youth. Methods We searched articles on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in April 2017 to identify articles relevant to cigars and adolescents. Two independent coders examined 48 articles to determine eligibility: (1) published between 2000-April 2017; (2) published in English; (3) conducted in the United States; (4) published in a peer-review journal; (5) examined cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars; (6) included youth (12–18 years old); and (7) included empirical data. Three independent coders reviewed the included articles (n = 48) to identify whether the studies addressed FDA's Research Priorities. Results The studies addressed FDA's Research Priorities of “behavior” (n = 48), “communications” (n = 4), “marketing influences” (n = 1), and “impact analysis” (n = 1). Studies on “behavior” underscored the need for improvements in measurement, such as using brand names and distinguishing cigar products. The review revealed the need for restrictions on cigar flavors, development of media campaigns and interventions, increasing the cost (via taxation), and evaluating the impact of cigar policies. Conclusions The studies mostly focused on surveillance of behaviors and use patterns, which revealed cigar specific issues to address in policies to decrease cigar use among youth. The lack of studies addressing other FDA's research priorities highlighted the critical need for future studies that inform prevention of youth cigar use.
Mortality After Paclitaxel Coated Balloon Angioplasty and Stenting of Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Artery in the Vascular Quality Initiative.

Background: To compare mortality after treatment of superficial femoral-popliteal artery disease with paclitaxel and nonpaclitaxel devices using a multicenter vascular registry. Methods: Patients (...
P157 Undergraduate Nutrition Students Develop Nutrition Counseling Skills Through a Healthcare Theatre Program

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a Healthcare Theatre Program in developing counseling skills in nutrition students Use of Theory or Research Simulations can provide undergraduate nutrition students with experiences that develop their counseling skills, preparing them for their internships and careers. The Transformative Learning Theory maintains problem solving and self-reflection help students transform into clinicians. Target Audience A total of 404 nutrition students who participated in the Healthcare Theatre Program from 2013-2019. Course/Curriculum Description A Healthcare Theatre Program, as part of a nutrition counseling class, offers a unique simulation experience for students to develop their counseling skills. In a mock hospital room with a 2-way mirror, a theatre student acts out a patient scenario and nutrition students conduct a nutrition assessment. After the simulation, the theatre student and nutrition instructor provide feedback regarding counseling skills. A week after the simulation, students complete a nutrition care plan and reflect on the experience. Evaluation Methods An IRB-approved survey was sent by email to individuals who participated in Healthcare Theatre. Before distribution, the survey was pilot tested for face validity and content. The final version of the survey included 19 questions which asked respondents to evaluate their confidence in counseling skills, give feedback for improving the program as well as provide demographic information. Results Of the 121 respondents, 110 (91%) were female, 102 (84%) were white/Caucasian and 92 (76%) were between 21-26 years of age. After participation, 99 (82%) reported feeling more confident in rapport building skills and 112 (93%) stated receiving immediate feedback was helpful or very helpful. Respondents stated the experience improved their nutrition interviewing skills and ability to ask open-ended questions. To improve the program, students requested more opportunities to participate in Healthcare Theatre. Conclusions The Healthcare Theatre Program is an effective method for developing counseling skills in nutrition students.
Faster cooking times and improved iron bioavailability are associated with the down regulation of procyanidin synthesis in slow-darkening pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract Seed coat darkening after a delayed harvest or prolonged storage reduces the commercial value of dry beans and is caused by the oxidation of procyanidin compounds (condensed tannins). Slow-darkening (SD) pinto beans have a recessive gene (Psd), which alters procyanidin production – postponing their darkening over time. Procyanidins are important for the processing and nutrient bioavailability of beans, therefore, this study compared the postharvest cooking times and iron bioavailability of SD pinto varieties to regular-darkening (RD) pinto varieties. The results show SD pinto beans cook 30% faster and provide 2–7 times more bioavailable iron than RD pinto beans. No relationship between iron bioavailability, iron and phytate concentrations were detected among the pinto beans. However, lower procyanidin concentrations were strongly associated with faster cooking times and improved iron bioavailability of SD pinto beans. These findings indicate that the SD trait benefits the cooking quality and iron bioavailability of stored beans.
A Framework for Enterprise Cybersecurity Risk Management

Many organizations continue to struggle with the implementation of cybersecurity risk assessment and management programs. Navigating the evolving cybersecurity landscape and trends in technology commercialization require an understanding of the relational organizational context within which cybersecurity risks are rooted. While several existing cybersecurity risk management frameworks discuss the importance of identifying a context for cyber risks, they do not provide much guidance on “how” that should be done. Leaning on systems theory, this chapter advances the notion that a business and IT alignment approach can be leveraged to inform and drive subsequent cybersecurity risk management and assessment efforts. We outline a holistic roadmap through the incorporation of multiple interconnected dimensions as the underpinning of cybersecurity risk identification and mitigation. We introduce a novel framework that identifies practical organizational drivers and priorities to improve cyber resiliency within the organizational perspective.
31 P-MRS of healthy human brain: Measurement of guanosine diphosphate mannose at 7 T.

Guanosine diphosphate mannose (GDP-Man) is the donor substrate required for mannosylation in the synthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids and the newly discovered glycoRNA. Normal GDP-Man biosynthesis plays a crucial role in support of a variety of cellular functions, including cell recognition, cell communication and immune responses against viruses. Here, we report the detection of GDP-Man in human brain for the first time, using 31 P MRS at 7 T. The presence of GDP-Man is evidenced by the detection of a weak 31 P doublet at -10.7 ppm that can be assigned to the phosphomannosyl group (Pβ) of the GDP-Man molecule. This weak but well-resolved signal lies 0.9 ppm upfield of UDP(G) Pβ-multiplet from a mixture of UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal, UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GalNAc. In reference to ATP (2.8 mM), the concentration of GDP-Man in human brain was estimated to be 0.02 ± 0.01 mM, about 15-fold lower than the total concentration of UDP(G) (0.30 ± 0.04, N = 17) and consistent with previous reports of UDP-Man in cells and brain tissue extracts measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The reproducibility of the measured GDP-Man between test and 2-week retest was 21% ± 15% compared with 5% ± 4% for UDP(G) (N = 7). The measured concentrations of GDP-Man and UDP(G) are linearly correlated ([UDP(G)] = 4.3 [GDP-Man] + 0.02, with R = 0.66 and p = 0.0043), likely reflecting the effect of shared sugar precursors, which may vary among individuals in response to variation in nutritional intake and consumption. Given that GDP-Man has another set of doublet (Pα) at -8.3 ppm that overlaps with NAD(H) and UDP(G)-Pα signals, the amount of GDP-Man could potentially interfere with the deconvolution of these mixed signals in composition analysis. Importantly, this new finding may be useful in advancing our understanding of glycosylation and its role in the development of cancer, as well as infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.
Black Lives Matter Panel: A Generous Invitation to The Archive:

This article is a generous invitation to literacy researchers globally to follow the Black literacy tradition that has saved the minds, bodies, and souls of Black folks as well as fellow human bein...
Ineligible and Incomplete Cisplatin Regimens in Chemoradiation Treatment for Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Population for Survival Improvement.

Purpose/Objective(s) For patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) improves outcomes. However, not all patients are medically eligible and others may not undergo the prescribed number of cycles due to toxicity or noncompliance. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with ineligible or incomplete cisplatin regimens during CRT for LACC and its impact on outcomes. Materials/Methods Patients with LACC treated with CRT at our institution between 2015-2020 were retrospectively identified. Patients who received no cisplatin or ≤ 4 cycles were identified as the ‘incomplete’ cohort and those who received 5 or 6 cycles as the ‘complete’ cohort. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine factors associated with receipt of incomplete chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints of locoregional failure (LRF), overall survival (OS), and distant failure (DF) were evaluated in multivariable Cox and Fine-Gray models. Results 145 patients with LACC underwent CRT with 23 (15.9%) patients in the incomplete treatment cohort (9 with no cisplatin, 14 with ≤ 4 cycles) and 122 (84.1%) patients in the complete treatment cohort. None of our cohort received any substitute chemotherapy agent instead of cisplatin. The most common reasons for receiving incomplete cisplatin treatment were comorbidities/infections (39.1%), low cell counts (26.1%), and cisplatin intolerance (13.0%). In multivariable logistic regression on receipt of incomplete chemotherapy, only ECOG 2-4 was a significant predictor as these patients were 53.6 times more likely to receive incomplete chemotherapy (OR 95% CI 5.37-534.9, P = 0.0007). Median follow-up time was 18.0 months. 2-year OS was 88.0% (95% CI 79.4-93.1%) and 2-year disease free survival was 74.5% (95% CI 64.9-81.9%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the incomplete treatment cohort had inferior recurrence outcomes - LRF HR 17.59 (95% CI 4.37-70.88, P Conclusion At our high-volume cancer center, approximately 1 in 6 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent definitive intent chemoradiation were cisplatin ineligible or did not receive a complete cisplatin regimen. The only factor associated with receiving an incomplete regimen was poor performance status. Furthermore, an incomplete cisplatin regimen was independently associated with markedly inferior recurrence and survival outcomes. Given that a notable proportion of patients are deemed ineligible for cisplatin chemotherapy or do not complete a standard of care regimen, this population may be a potential target for immunotherapy or novel targeted agents with more favorable toxicity profiles in order to improve survival outcomes. Author Disclosure N.V. Kotha: None. C.W. Williamson: None. M. McHale: None. L.K. Mell: Research Grant; Merck, Astra-Zeneca. Consultant; Bayer. J.S. Mayadev: Consultant; Astra Zeneca, NRG Oncology, GOG Foundation, Varian Medical Systems; NRG Oncology Cervix Co-Chair, GOG Foundation Board.
Locating China : Space, Place, and Popular Culture

Introduction: The Politics and Production of Scales: How Does Geography Matter to Studies of Local, Popular Culture? 1. Land of Living Fossils: Scaling Cultural Prestige in China's Periphery 2. Regional Formations and Transnational Urbanism in South China 3. The Cultural Landscape of Luxury Housing in South China: A Regional History 4. Identifying China's Northwest, for Nation and Empire 5. Popularization and Localization: A Local Tabloid Newspaper Market in Transition 6. From Barrooms to Teahouses: Commercial Nightlife in Hainan Since1988 7. Ethno-consumerism as Cultural Production: Making Space for Miao Style 8. Anhui Baomu in Shanghai: Gender, Class, and a Sense of Place 9. The Pornographic City
How Governments Pay: Lawsuits, Budgets, and Police Reform

For decades, scholars have debated the extent to which financial sanctions cause government officials to improve their conduct. Yet little attention has been paid to a foundational empirical question underlying these debates: When a plaintiff recovers in a damages action against the government, who foots the bill? In prior work, I found that individual police officers virtually never pay anything toward settlements and judgments entered against them. But this finding prompts another question: Where does the money come from, if not from individual officers? The dominant view among those who have considered this question is that settlements and judgments are usually paid from jurisdictions’ general funds with no financial impact on the involved law enforcement agencies, and some have suggested that agencies would have stronger incentives to improve behavior were they required to pay settlements and judgments from their budgets. But, beyond anecdotal information about the practices in a few large agencies, there has been no empirical inquiry into the source of funds used by governments to satisfy suits involving the police.In this Article, I report the results of the first nationwide study to examine how cities, counties, and states budget for and pay settlements and judgments in cases against law enforcement. Through public records requests, interviews, and other sources, I have collected information about litigation budgeting practices in one hundred jurisdictions across the country. Based on the practices in these one hundred jurisdictions, I make two key findings. First, settlements and judgments are not always — or even usually — paid from jurisdictions’ general funds; instead, cities, counties, and states use a wide range of budgetary arrangements to satisfy their legal liabilities. All told, half of the law enforcement agencies in my study financially contribute in some manner to the satisfaction of lawsuits brought against them.Second, having a department pay money out of its budget toward settlements and judgments is neither necessary nor sufficient to impose a financial burden on that department. Some law enforcement agencies pay millions from their budgets each year toward settlements and judgments, but the particularities of their jurisdictions’ budgeting arrangements lessen or eliminate altogether the financial impact of these payments on these agencies. On the other hand, smaller agencies that pay nothing from their budgets toward lawsuits may nevertheless have their very existence threatened if liability insurers raise premiums or terminate coverage in response to large payouts.These findings should expand courts’ and scholars’ understandings of the impact of lawsuits on police reform efforts, inspire experimentation with budgeting arrangements that encourage more caretaking and accountability by law enforcement, and draw attention to the positive role government insurers can and do play in efforts to promote risk management and accountability in policing.
Structural proteins of mammalian oncogenic RNA viruses: immunological characterization of the p15 polypeptide of Rauscher murine virus

The immunological properties of the purified 15,000-dalton protein of Rauscher murine type-C virus were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. The majority of the antigenic determinants of this protein were found to be remarkably specific to Rauscher and Friend virus and to a lesser extent to Moloney virus. Determinants reactive with other murine viruses (group-specific) or type-C viruses of other species (interspecies) were also demonstrated but were minor components of the total antigenic specificities of the protein. The results provide evidence that the antigenic properties of this protein specify the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher subgroup of type-C viruses.
Muramic acid phosphate as a component of the mucopeptide of Gram-positive bacteria.

In earlier work, a phosphorylated derivative of muramic acid was detected upon amino acid analysis of acid hydrolysates of pneumococcal C polysaccharide. This substance has now been identified as muramic acid 6-phosphate by periodate oxidation, followed by the identification of glycolaldehyde phosphate in the oxidation mixture. Muramic acid phosphate has been found in hydrolysates of the cell walls obtained from all of the eight other species of gram-positive bacteria examined. It accounts for 7 to 39% of the total muramic acid present. It cannot be found in the membrane or in the cytoplasm of Streptococcus, nor can it be detected in the two gram-negative species analyzed. In two organisms studied, Dipiococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus, evidence was obtained that the muramic acid phosphate isolated was originally part of a phosphodiester bond which cross-linked the mucopeptide polymer with the specific polysaccharide of the cell wall.
Oral aspects of Sjögren's syndrome; a review and case report.

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome is defined. In a brief review of the literature the incidence, clinical features, etiology, histopathology, sialography, treatment, and diagnosis of the syndrome are discussed. The case history of a patient presenting with the classical symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome is given, with particular emphasis on the dental aspects. Mention is made of the importance of sialography in determining the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease.
La Nueva y Bienvenida Ave Fénix

La crisis de la musica culta del siglo XX es la crisis del hombre moderno. La proclamacion de una logica artistica interna distinta a la logica de la realidad, constituyo una proclama novedosa y encubridora que en un momento dado parecia ser revolucionaria y refrescante. Pero los continuos extremismos subsiguientes transformaron este desarollo en una simple revuelta autogratificadora. Despues de la esterilidad y la idiotez de mucha de la musica escrita en los cincuenta y los sesenta, hay senales que indican un retorno a un renovado balance entre el intelecto y la emocion.
The clinical use of an esophageal Doppler monitor for hemodynamic monitoring in sepsis.

Esophageal Doppler monitoring has been available for over 25 years for the evaluation of cardiac performance. Nonetheless, its clinical use has been sparse in the management of critically ill and perioperative patients due to a paucity of data documenting its e¤cacy in individual patients.We present here the successful employment of an esophageal Doppler monitor or EDM (Deltex Medical, Inc., Irving, TX) for hemodynamic monitoring in a patient with a contraindication to a pulmonary artery catheter placement. This case also illustrates which cardiac parameters can be clinically followed in the utilization of this device.
On the Iterative Decoding of High-Rate LDPC Codes With Applications in Compressed Sensing

This paper considers the performance of $(j,k)$-regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with message-passing (MP) decoding algorithms in the high-rate regime. In particular, we derive the high-rate scaling law for MP decoding of LDPC codes on the binary erasure channel (BEC) and the $q$-ary symmetric channel ($q$-SC). For the BEC, the density evolution (DE) threshold of iterative decoding scales like $\Theta(k^{-1})$ and the critical stopping ratio scales like $\Theta(k^{-j/(j-2)})$. For the $q$-SC, the DE threshold of verification decoding depends on the details of the decoder and scales like $\Theta(k^{-1})$ for one decoder. Using the fact that coding over large finite alphabets is very similar to coding over the real numbers, the analysis of verification decoding is also extended to the the compressed sensing (CS) of strictly-sparse signals. A DE based approach is used to analyze the CS systems with randomized-reconstruction guarantees. This leads to the result that strictly-sparse signals can be reconstructed efficiently with high-probability using a constant oversampling ratio (i.e., when the number of measurements scales linearly with the sparsity of the signal). A stopping-set based approach is also used to get stronger (e.g., uniform-in-probability) reconstruction guarantees.