cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-event nominals and argument structure

Abstract Bowers (2010a) proposes that all argument DPs are introduced in the specifiers of ‘light verb’ categories of different types. It is argued in this paper that such a theory is given direct support by the existence of three types of non-event nominals in English whose morphosyntactic and semantic properties correspond precisely to those of the basic argument categories Ag(ent), Th(eme), and Aff(ectee). Assuming that these argument categories are spelled out in derived nominal structures as the morphemes –er/-or, -ment/-ion/-ure, -ee , respectively, each type of non-event nominal can be derived by standard syntactic processes such as head movement. The proposed analysis, if correct, extends to derivational morphology the claim of Distributed Morphology ( Halle and Marantz, 1993 ) that word formation is syntactic, not lexical ( Marantz, 1997; Embick, 2004; Harley, 2009 ), thereby making syntax the only generative component of the grammar. It is further shown that if noun incorporation is syntactic, then productive compounds such as deer hunter, painting consignor, etc. can be derived syntactically as well and that the order of incorporated nouns in such structures mirrors precisely the order in which argument categories are merged.
Struggling to Survive A Study of Editorial Decision-Making Strategies at MAMM Magazine

This article examines editorial strategies revealed by employees at MAMM magazine, a publication covering breast cancer and other women’s reproductive cancers. Drawing on personal interviews and on-site observations, the author discusses specific patterns of editorial decision making in two areas of cancer discourse: the presentation of medical information and the portrayal of survivors’ identities. These patterns are tied to particular organizational, cultural, and ideological influences on editorial practices emphasized by participants in the study as well as to economic outcomes for the publication.
Preoperative extended field radiation with I-125 seed implant in prostatic cancer: a preliminary report of a randomized study

Abstract This study began in 1972, when randomly allocated patients received preoperative x-ray therapy to the pelvis and para-aortic areas to a dose of 3000 rad in 14 fractions; following this treatment retropubic extraperitoneal exposure of the prostate and node dissection were performed. Iodine-125 seeds were implanted in the prostate. Patients with positive nodes received postoperative radiation therapy to tolerance doses while those with negative nodes were only observed with no further therapy. In the alternate arm, the patients underwent straight retropubic extraperitoneal exposure of the prostate, node dissection, and Iodine-125 seed implant. If the nodes were positive, the patients received en bloc pelvic and para-aortic radiation to tolerance. Patients in this arm with negative nodes again received no further therapy. The aggregate dose was 5400 rad to the pelvis and was about 4400 rad to para-aortic nodes in both arms where the nodes were found to be metastatic. Thirty-two patients were evaluable for minimum of follow-up of two years with equal numbers in each group. Eight of 17 patients who had positive nodes in both the arms and who received extended field x-ray therapy, were disease-free with median survival of 312 years. Two patients in the preoperative radiation group and six in the alternate group had local failures. The pattern of survival and dissemination, otherwise were similar as of this writing.
An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Computing Method for All Flow Speeds

A new numerical technique is presented that has many advantages for obtaining solutions to a wide variety of time-dependent multidimensional fluid dynamics problems. The method uses a finite difference mesh with vertices that may be moved with the fluid (Lagrangian), be held fixed (Eulerian), or be moved in any other prescribed manner, as in the Arbitrary Lagrangian?Eulerian (ALE) technique. In addition, it employs an implicit formulation similar to that of the Implicit Continuous-fluid Eulerian (ICE) technique, making it applicable to flows at all speeds.This paper describes the basic methodology, presents finite difference approximations, and discusses such matters as stability, accuracy, and zoning. In addition, illustrations are included from a number of representative calculations.
Late Miocene hominin teeth from the Gona Paleoanthropological Research Project area, Afar, Ethiopia.

Since 2000, significant collections of Latest Miocene hominin fossils have been recovered from Chad, Kenya, and Ethiopia. These fossils have provided a better understanding of earliest hominin biology and context. Here, we describe five hominin teeth from two periods (ca. 5.4 Million-years-ago and ca. 6.3 Ma) that were recovered from the Adu-Asa Formation in the Gona Paleoanthropological Research Project area in the Afar, Ethiopia that we assign to either Hominina, gen. et sp. indet. or Ardipithecus kadabba. These specimens are compared with extant African ape and other Latest Miocene and Early Pliocene hominin teeth. The derived morphology of the large, non-sectorial maxillary canine and mandibular third premolar links them with later hominins and they are phenetically distinguishable and thus phyletically distinct from extant apes.
The Effect of Biaxial Stresses on Fatigue and Fracture

The results are presented of an analytical and experimental program which was conducted to determine if a biaxial stress field produces a significant effect on the fatigue and fracture behavior of thin plates. The materials tested were 6061-T4 and 6061-T6 aluminum sheets and plexiglas sheets. The experimental program included fracture tests with various magnitudes of biaxial load at fracture and fatigue tests with sinusoidal loading normal to the crack and either constant or sinusoidal stresses applied parallel to the crack. The effect of nonsingular stresses on the behavior of a crack is examined from both a linear elastic and an elastic-plastic viewpoint. The experimental study indicates that a biaxial stress field does affect the behavior of a crack in a thin sheet. An increase in the apparent fracture toughness with increasing biaxial load was observed experimentally but as yet cannot be adequately explained using linear fracture mechanics theory. Biaxial stresses were found to produce a shift in the fatigue crack growth rate data, and it is shown that this shift can be predicted using several empirical fatigue crack propagation models.
Performance Appraisal: Issues of Validity

Performance ratings are probably the most widely used criteria in personnel evaluation. To determine the psychometric quality of performance ratings, practitioners generally evaluate ratings in terms of reliability and validity. This article presents generalizability theory as a measurement procedure that can be used to assess and improve the reliability and validity of ratings of employee job performance.
P162 STD prevention online: a resource for the STD/STI professional community

Background STDPreventionOnline.org (STDPO) is an online professional networking site for the sexually transmitted diseases/infections (STD/STI) work force, including researchers, clinicians, epidemiologists, disease intervention specialists, and programme managers. The site was developed by the internet and STD Center of Excellence, originally funded by a grant from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and currently sponsored by the American Sexually Transmitted Disease Association (ASTDA). The site was conceived as two-way clearing house of current STD/STI information and resources, where members could both download and upload information in a variety of formats including text, audio, and video files as well as blog and forum postings. Membership is free. Objective To describe current users and usage of STPDPO. Methods Descriptive statistics were obtained from embedded website metrics and Google Analytics©. Results Since its inception in 2007, the site has registered 3500 members and the site9s monthly newsletter has over 4000 subscribers. The predominance of site members (92%) live/work in the US, however a substantial number (n=258 as of January 2012) are non-US users with 47 countries represented. Most members (58%) work in STD/HIV programmes in state/local health departments, 13% in community or private clinics, 11% in a university setting, 8% in federal government, and 8% in community organisations. During 2011, the site logged 14 778 individual site visits and 61 205 page views; respectively 284 and 1177 per week. To date, over 1150 resources have been uploaded to the site which, have been downloaded over 40 000 times, an average of 35 downloads per resource. Topics related to internet use and online interventions are particularly popular, followed by clinical slide sets, and podcasts. Conclusion During the 4 years of its existence, STDPO has demonstrated to meet a need in the STD/STI professional community for an interactive, two-way, clearing house of STD/STI-related information.
Clouds: Their beauty and challenge

This is, an abbreviated version of an invited talk given by Peter V. Hobbs at the Atmospheric Sciences Luncheon at the AGU 1993 Fall Meeting in San Francisco.
The metabolism of 4,7,10,13,16-(5-14C)docosapentaenoic acid in the testis of the rat.

Abstract The metabolism of [5- 14 C]docosapentaenoic acid, produced biosynthetically from [1-C]linoleic acid, was studied in rat testis at various time intervals after intratesticular injection. 14 C-Labeled palmitic acid isolated from testicular total fatty acids indicated that significant catabolism of the intratesticularly injected [ 14 C]docosapentaenoic acid had occurred. A significant proportion of the recovered radioactivity could be traced as arachidonic acid, which was shown by chemical degradation to have been biosynthesized in rat testis by the direct biohydrogenation and cleavage of the [5- 14 C]docosapentaenoic acid. 48 h after injection, 71% of the radioactivity recovered in the total fatty acids was in docosapentaenoate, 8% in arachidonate, and 5% in palmitate. These were present predominantly in esterified form as phosphatides and triglycerides.
Larval coloration in Choristoneura spp. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). Bile pigment in haemolymph

Abstract Larval haemolymph coloration in Choristoneura spp. is due to the presence of yellow and blue chromoproteins, which can be resolved by gel filtration on Sephadex grades G-75, G-100, G-150, and G-200 but not on grades G-25 or G-50. The albuminoid, blue chromoprotein is soluble in distilled water, is coagulable with heat, and can be precipitated with ammonium sulphate (60–75% saturation fraction). Its prosthetic group is a bilitriene-type bile pigment as determined by the positions of its absorption maxima in u.v.-Vis spectra, a positive Gmelin test, a negative diazo (van den Bergh) reaction, and a positive reaction, with red fluorescence, when its zinc complex salt is oxidized with iodine. The bile pigment could not be extracted from its chromoprotein in 0·01 M sodium cyanide solution with benzene, chloroform, ethyl ether, or ethyl acetate, but it could be extracted from samples in 40% methanol with chloroform.
Measurement and performance issues of transport protocols over 10Gbps high-speed optical networks

With the integration of IP and optical technology, a high-speed optical network (of the order of 10Gbps) has emerged to support international research cooperation such as massive scientific data transfer and next generation Internet related research. Therefore, it is critical to explore the issues of measurement and evaluation on the performance of transport protocols over 10 Gbps high-speed optical networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that presents a measurement study on a variety of networking environments. The objectives of this paper are as follows: (i) determine the suitability of TCP parameters such as Jumbo Frame size, buffer sizes of a TCP sender and a receiver; (ii) evaluate TCP performance measurement tools and emulation tools over 10 Gbps high-speed optical networks; and (iii) compare performance of TCP variants with different metrics, such as throughput and fairness, by varying delays and randomized losses controlled with software emulators. The result shows that selection of emulation and performance measurement tools matters for the accurate measurement of TCP performance. The performance of TCP variants is highly impacted by the Linux TCP/IP stack tuning. Finally we present that overall and detailed performance, such as throughput and fairness, of each TCP variant is dependent on different network environments, such as packet loss rate and propagation delay.
Cannabinoid Receptor Activation Differentially Modulates Ion Channels in Photoreceptors of the Tiger Salamander

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors have been detected in retinas of numerous species, with prominent labeling in photoreceptor terminals of the chick and monkey. CB1 labeling is well-conserved across specie...
Association between severe treatment‐related lymphopenia and progression‐free survival in patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell head and neck cancer

Background Severe treatment-related lymphopenia occurs commonly in many cancers and is associated with early tumor progression. Data are lacking as to whether this occurs in squamous cell head and neck cancer. Methods Serial total lymphocyte counts were retrospectively reviewed in patients with newly diagnosed squamous head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiation and associated with treatment outcomes. Results The median baseline total lymphocyte count in 56 patients was 1660 cells/mm3, which fell by 73% to 445 cells/mm3 2 months after initiating chemoradiation (p < .0001). Human papillomavirus negative (HPV-) patients with a total lymphocyte count <500 cells/mm3 at 2 months had significantly earlier disease progression than those with higher total lymphocyte counts (hazard ratio [HR], 5.75; p = .045). Conclusion Baseline total lymphocyte counts were normal, but at 2 months approximately 60% of patients had severe treatment-related lymphopenia regardless of HPV status. Severe treatment-related lymphopenia in HPV- patients is independently associated with earlier disease progression. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, which suggest that immune preservation is important in this cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1747–1753, 2014
2011 Association of College and Research Libraries Conference

The 2011 Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) conference theme, “A Declaration of Interdependence,” linked the conference to its physical location, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The all-conference reception on Friday night in the six-year-old National Constitution Center expressed the theme perfectly. Held biennially, the 2011 ACRL conference attracted its highest attendance ever: over 5,000 attendees (some virtual), vendors, speakers and guests. Attendee demographics were decidedly younger than those seen at recent general American Library Association (ALA) conferences.
Effect of aspirin on coronary collateral blood flow.

BACKGROUNDAlthough aspirin exerts beneficial antiplatelet activity in patients with coronary artery disease, cyclooxygenase blockade produced by aspirin causes a potentially deleterious effect by interrupting endothelial production of prostacyclin. Collateral vessels that develop in response to coronary occlusion display prominent endothelial cell proliferation and undergo vasoconstriction in response to indomethacin. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that cyclooxygenase blockade with aspirin would cause constriction of coronary collateral vessels and that such vasoconstriction would be reversed with nitroglycerin.METHODS AND RESULTSCollateral vessel growth was induced by embolic occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs. Four to 6 months later, coronary collateral flow was measured as retrograde flow from the cannulated collateral-dependent artery. Aspirin (1 mg/kg i.v.) caused 70 +/- 8% blockade of the increase in coronary blood flow produced by intra-arterial arach...
Clinical evaluation of juvenile delinquents facing transfer to adult court.

Abstract Child psychiatrists may be called upon to examine defendants in juvenile delinquency proceedings and to offer opinions about their suitability for treatment as juveniles. Such examinations can have high stakes and present various problems to the clinician. The clinical problems in a transfer evaluation involve the difficulty of making the kinds of predictions about a child's response to treatment that the evaluation calls for. Problems understanding transfer laws and the services available to delinquents also complicate the evaluation process. This paper explores these problems and makes recommendations about conducting and reporting on these evaluations.
Analyses of Fish Tissue by Vacuum Distillation/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

The analyses of fish tissue using VD/GC/MS with surrogate-based matrix corrections is described. Techniques for equilibrating surrogate and analyte spikes with a tissue matrix are presented, and equilibrated spiked samples are used to document method performance. The removal of analytes from the tissue corresponds to Koa and Kwa (octanol−air and water−air partition coefficients, respectively). For a given vacuum distillation, the impact of Koa and Kwa on analyte recovery can be determined by interpreting the recoveries of surrogate compounds and their Koa and Kwa. The use of these surrogates to monitor and correct for both water−air and octanol−air partitioning provides average recoveries of 86% for volatile gases, 97% for volatiles, 90% for neutral semivolatiles, 124% for basic semivolatiles, and 87% for the water-soluble volatiles. The method detection limits are sub-parts-per-billion for most analytes studied. A technique to experimentally determine the octanol−air partition relative volatility is desc...
Estimation of changes in fracture porosity of coal with gas emission

This paper discusses the results of a laboratory study aimed at measuring the changes in the coal matrix volume with release of gas, and estimating the resulting changes in the cleat porosity and permeability of coal. The volumetric strain of the matrix of coal samples held at constant external pressure was measured with decreasing concentration of methane. From the results and a simple geometry for fractured reservoirs, the variations in the cleat porosity and permeability with decreasing pressure were estimated. It is shown that the coal matrix volume decreases steadily as the methane pressure decreases. This matrix volumetric strain results in an increase in the cleat porosity of coal of as much as 80%, depending on the initial cleat porosity. This in turn results in as much as a sixfold increase in the cleat permeability of the coal. There is a linear relation between the coal matrix volumetric strain and the quantity of gas desorbed.
Perfusion preservation versus static preservation for cardiac transplantation: effects on myocardial function and metabolism.

Introduction Continuous perfusion of donor hearts for transplantation has received increasing interest, but the effects on cellular metabolism, myocyte necrosis, and myocardial edema are not well defined. Methods Pig hearts were instrumented with sonomicrometry crystals and left ventricular catheters. Left ventricular function was quantified by the pre-load-recruitable stroke work (PRSW) relationship. Hearts were arrested with Celsior solution with 5.5mM 13 C-glucose added, and removed and stored in cold solution ( n = 4) or placed in a device providing continuous perfusion of this solution at 10 ml/100 g/min ( n = 4). After 4 hours of storage, left atrial samples were frozen, extracted, and analyzed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hearts were then transplanted into recipient pigs and reperfused for 6 hours, with function measured hourly. At the end of the experiment, left ventricular water content and serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels were measured. Results Baseline left ventricular function was similar in both groups. During reperfusion, the volume-axis intercept of the PRSW relationship was significantly lower in hearts stored with continuous perfusion ( p p p = 0.45). Conclusions Donor hearts sustain less functional impairment after storage with continuous perfusion. This technique reduces tissue lactate accumulation and myocardial necrosis without increasing myocardial edema and appears promising as a method to improve results of cardiac transplantation.
The ethics beat

Surveying the increasing variety and nature of ethical challenges encountered by computing researchers and practitioners.
Noise-equivalent sensitivity of photoacoustics

The fundamental limitations of photoacoustic microscopy for detecting optically absorbing molecules are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. We experimentally demonstrate noise-equivalent detection sensitivities of 160,000 methylene blue molecules (270 zeptomol or 2.7×10^(−19) mol) and 86,000 oxygenated hemoglobin molecules (140 zeptomol) using narrowband continuous-wave photoacoustics. The ultimate sensitivity of photoacoustics is fundamentally limited by thermal noise, which can present in the acoustic detection system as well as in the medium itself. Under the optimized conditions described herein and using commercially available detectors, photoacoustic microscopy can detect as few as 100s of oxygenated hemoglobin molecules. Realizable improvements to the detector may enable single molecule detection of select molecules.
Perceptions of University Mission Statement by Senior Administrators: Relating to Faculty Engagement

Little is known about how senior administrators at a university (i.e., vice-presidents and deans) perceive their institution's mission, vision, and values. In the present study, we focused on perceptions of institutional mission statement and activities proposed to support that mission among senior leaders (18 vice-presidents, 17 deans) from a private midwestern, Roman Catholic university. Senior administrators completed reliable and valid inventories on mission identity and mission-related activities, social desirability responding, and faculty engagement related to the mission. Controlling for social desirability, results indicated that both women and men vice-presidents and deans reported similar, relatively high perceptions related to the mission and mission-driven activities of their university. These senior leaders believed there were activities that the faculty could engage that were mission-driven but not reflective of the university's identity.
Effects of acute and chronic clozapine on D-amphetamine-induced disruption of auditory gating in the rat.

Auditory gating deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia have been modeled in animals administered the indirect-acting monoaminergic agonist, d-amphetamine (AMPH). The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine (CLOZ) reverses the disruption of auditory gating in schizophrenic patients. However, its effects on psychostimulant-induced deficits in animals have yet to be assessed. In the present series of experiments, an auditory evoked potential paradigm was used to: (a) confirm the ability of AMPH to alter auditory gating in the anesthetized rat, (b) specify the nature of the accompanying change(s) in evoked potential waveforms and (c) determine the effects of CLOZ administration on AMPH-induced alterations in auditory gating. We compared the effects of acute (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and chronic (28 days, 0.5 mg/ml in drinking water) CLOZ on AMPH-induced (1.8 mg/kg, i.p.) alterations in evoked potentials recorded in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats during presentation of a pair of identical tones. Gating was assessed by comparing the amplitude of conditioning and test responses in CLOZ and AMPH-treated rats. The ratio of test to conditioning response amplitude (T/C ratio) was not altered by vehicle or CLOZ alone. However, T/C ratio was significantly increased following AMPH due to suppression of the conditioning response. Acute but not chronic CLOZ attenuated but did not prevent the increase in T/C ratio. Qualitative differences between the idiopathic gating deficits observed in schizophrenic patients and AMPH-induced increases in T/C ratio in animals limit this models utility as a means of evaluating the ability of atypical antipsychotic drugs to restore normal sensory gating.
Social behavior patterns of nonhandicapped and developmentally disabled friend pairs in mainstream preschools

Abstract The purposes of this observation study were: a) to assess the presence or absence of stated friendships between normally developing and developmentally disabled children in mainstream preschools; and b) to compare the interaction patterns in friendship dyads comprised of nonhandicapped children with those comprised of one handicapped and one developmentally disabled child. Observational data were collected across a 15-day period for two sets of 30 dyads: one nonhandicapped only set and another including one developmentally disabled child. The major results showed that: a) nonhandicapped preschoolers tend to select nonhandicapped friends of their same sex and age; b) the same nonhandicapped preschoolers tend to select handicapped children who are older than themselves, who are more advanced cognitively than other handicapped children, and who are of the same sex; c) nonhandicapped preschoolers directed many more initiations of Reward-Related Activity, Complimentary Verbal Statements, Play Organizers, and Share behaviors toward nonhandicapped as opposed to handicapped friends; d) nonhandicapped preschoolers directed many more episodes of Physical Assistance, Affection, and Conflict Resolution toward handicapped as opposed to nonhandicapped friends; e) the initiations of nonhandicapped preschoolers were often reciprocated by nonhandicapped friends, but seldom by handicapped friends; f) nonhandicapped friends were far more likely to initiate positive social behaviors toward nonhandicapped preschoolers than were handicapped friends; and g) nonhandicapped preschoolers responded positively at an equal level to the initiations of handicapped and nonhandicapped friends.
Utilidad de los marcadores tumorales en el pronóstico del cáncer transicional de vejiga

Resumen Objetivos del trabajo Revision del estado actual de los marcadores tumorales disponibles para el pronostico y exposicion de los problemas con el grado y el estadiaje local del cancer transicional de vejiga. Procedimientos basicos Revision de la literatura publicada en marcadores de cancer transicional de vejiga mediante una busqueda en Medline y analisis critico de la misma. Resultados Hay diferencias estadisticamente significativas interobservador en la determinacion del grado. Hay un nuevo sistema de combinacion de grados. Existen problemas en la determinacion del estadio local y baja correspondencia entre el estadio clinico y el patologico post-cistectomia radical. Los principales marcadores tumorales pronosticos considerados en este cancer son citometria de flujo, estudio cariocitometrico, oncogenes (p53, bcl-2, Her2/Neu o c-erbB2), anomalias cromosomicas (cromosoma 9, cromosomas 7 y 17), marcadores de proliferacion (Ki- 67, MIB-1), ciclinas dependientes de kinasas y sus inhibidores (ciclina D1, ciclina E, p21 Waf1 , p27 Kip1 ), factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular, otros factores de crecimiento (fibroblastico, epidermico, hepatocitario, derivado de plaquetas), metaloproteinasas, moleculas de adhesiony otros. Conclusiones Actualmente, no hay un marcador tumoral pronostico para el cancer de vejiga superior al grado y estadio convencionales, a pesar de sus deficiencias. Se necesita una estandarizacion de los metodos de determinacion de algunos marcadores que aporte resultados concluyentes y utiles en el terreno clinico. Algunas contradicciones en los resultados obtenidos por diferentes autores obligan a cuestionar el significado pronostico de ciertos marcadores tumorales en el cancer transicional de vejiga.
A Community of Voices: Educational Blog Management Strategies and Tools

Web 2.0 offers a new type of interactive technology that may change the focus and approach of formal education in ways we are just beginning to comprehend. The new and unique qualities of Web 2.0 can be compounded in traditional educational settings by the fact that students often times have far more experience with and understanding the new technology than the teachers who are developing curriculums and setting educational goals. At the same time, Web 2.0 has become so pervasive in such a short time that it makes little sense to ignore it in educational settings. This current article suggests blogging may be the most “education friendly” of the new interactive tools. Blog posts offer students the opportunity to develop their own voice in the classroom, while commentary serves as an important reinforcement for self-reflection and continued participation. The difficulty for teachers is in understanding how to integrate, use and maintain course blogs so that they are a strong and positive educational force in the classroom. At the core of using blogs is the development of blog management strategies. Based on the authors’ use of blogs in undergraduate courses, the current paper outlines an approach to blog management.
Efficient morphological shape representation by varying overlapping levels among representative disks

Abstract The morphological skeleton transform, the morphological shape decomposition, and the overlapped morphological shape decomposition are three basic morphological shape representation schemes. In this paper, we propose a new way of generalizing these basic representation algorithms to improve representational efficiency. In all three basic algorithms, a fixed overlapping policy is used to control the overlapping relationships among representative disks of different sizes. In our new algorithm, different overlapping policies are used to generate shape components that have different overlapping relationships among themselves. The overlapping policy is selected dynamically according to local shape features. Experiments show that compared to the three basic algorithms, our algorithm produces more efficient representations with lower numbers of representative points.
ncDNA and drift drive binding site accumulation

The amount of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in an organism’s genome positively correlates with the complexity of the regulatory network of the organism. However, the manner by which TFBS arise and accumulate in genomes and the effects of regulatory network complexity on the organism’s fitness are far from being known. The availability of TFBS data from many organisms provides an opportunity to explore these issues, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. We analyzed TFBS data from five model organisms – E. coli K12, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, A. thaliana – and found a positive correlation between the amount of non-coding DNA (ncDNA) in the organism’s genome and regulatory complexity. Based on this finding, we hypothesize that the amount of ncDNA, combined with the population size, can explain the patterns of regulatory complexity across organisms. To test this hypothesis, we devised a genome-based regulatory pathway model and subjected it to the forces of evolution through population genetic simulations. The results support our hypothesis, showing neutral evolutionary forces alone can explain TFBS patterns, and that selection on the regulatory network function does not alter this finding. The cis-regulome is not a clean functional network crafted by adaptive forces alone, but instead a data source filled with the noise of non-adaptive forces. From a regulatory perspective, this evolutionary noise manifests as complexity on both the binding site and pathway level, which has significant implications on many directions in microbiology, genetics, and synthetic biology.
Immediate procedural and long-term clinical results of internal mammary artery angioplasty

Abstract Internal mammary artery angioplasty has been used as an alternative to repeat operation in patients with symptom recurrence after coronary bypass grafting. With use of standard balloon techniques, procedural success rates of 90 to 94% have been obtained, 1−4 but the limited number of patients with an unsuccessful angioplasty attempt has precluded analysis of factors affecting immediate procedural success and complication rates. Long-term follow-up of these patients has often been limited and difficult to interpret owing to infrequent repeat coronary arteriography and the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease. 1–6 To identify the factors affecting immediate procedural success and to characterize the long-term outcome of patients undergoing internal mammary angioplasty, we reviewed our experience with this procedure over an 18-month period.
Time-dependent response of fetal pulmonary blood flow to an increase in fetal oxygen tension

We describe the temporal characteristics of the response of the fetal pulmonary circulation to the vasodilatory stimulus of a sustained increase in fetal PO2 (5.1 +/- 0.7 Torr) in 13 chronically prepared fetal sheep. Left pulmonary artery blood flow was measured by electromagnetic flow transducer. Fetal PO2 was increased by delivery of 100% oxygen to the ewe and did not significantly change during the 2 h period of oxygen administration. Fetal left pulmonary artery blood flow slowly increased to a peak approximately 2.7 times the control value 40-50 min after the onset of increased PO2. It then steadily declined toward baseline over the next hour of increased PO2. Maximal pulmonary blood flow in response to the increase in PO2 increased with gestational age. Pulmonary arterial, aortic, and left atrial blood pressures did not change significantly in the animals in which measurements were made. We conclude that the changes in fetal pulmonary blood flow with increased fetal PO2 depend upon the time after the PO2 is increased. The adaptation seen during the second hour suggests the existence of mechanisms that tend to keep the fetal pulmonary circulation chronically constricted at any PO2 likely to be encountered in fetal life.
Effect of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer on skin permeation of 5-fluorouracil.

Abstract The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer on skin permeation of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Permeation studies were performed using excised porcine skin in a Franz diffusion cell and 14C labeled 5FU samples were analyzed using liquid scintillation counter. Three different vehicles were used, including phosphate buffer (PB), mineral oil (MO) and isopropyl myristate (IPM). The studies were carried out by simultaneously applying the drug and dendrimer together or by pre-treating the skin with dendrimer before drug application. Simultaneous application of drug and dendrimer increased the flux of 5FU in IPM and MO, while there was no change in PB. The increased skin partitioning of dendrimer from lipophilic vehicles increased the drug solubility in skin. Pre-treatment with dendrimer increased permeability coefficient of 5FU by 4-fold in MO and 2.5-fold in IPM, while it decreased by half in PB. Skin partitioning of 5FU increased after dendrimer treatment from lipophilic vehicles. The flux increased linearly with increase in pre-treatment time. Dendrimer pre-treatment increased transepidermal water loss and decreased skin resistance. The decrease in skin resistance directly correlated to the enhancement in skin permeation of 5FU (r2 = 0.99). Overall, the study showed that dendrimer increases the skin permeation of 5FU from lipophilic vehicles mainly by altering the skin barrier.
Protein kinase C is involved in laminin stimulation of neurite outgrowth

Abstract We are investigating the intracellular events involved in the induction of neurite outgrowth. The phorbol ester TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, potentiates neurite outgrowth from ciliary ganglion neurons cultured on suboptimal laminin concentrations, but not on optimal laminin concentrations. TPA also stimulates growth on fibronectin and collagen similar to that observed on laminin under control conditions. Manipulations that elevate intracellular CAMP levels (expected to activate A kinase) reduce neurite outgrowth on laminin. The protein kinase C inhibitors H7 and sphingosine inhibit neurite outgrowth on laminin in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. H7 does not inhibit the process outgrowth induced by concanavalin A in the same neurons. The results suggest that activation of protein kinase C is an important step in the neurite outgrowth caused by laminin binding to its receptor(s).
Relative effects of Justicia americana litter on germination, seedlings and established plants of Polygonum lapathifolium

Abstract Justicia americana (L.) Vahl is one of the most common species associated with seasonally variable aquatic habitats in the south-central U.S.A. When water levels decline, litter of Justicia decomposes on the exposed mudflats where most emergent aquatic species typically germinate and establish. In this study, we have tested the effects of aqueous leachates of Justicia shoots on the germination, seedling growth and established plant growth of Polygonum lapathifolium L., a common annual colonizer of exposed mudflats. Maximal leachate concentrations were prepared using quantities of litter comparable to those estimated for natural stands of Justicia . At these concentrations, seed germination and transplant growth were unaffected, but seedling growth was inhibited. When Polygonum was tested with lower concentrations of Justicia leachate, germination was still unaffected, but seedling growth was found to be enhanced, especially at the lowest concentrations. Using mannitol as an inert osmotic agent, Polygonum seedling growth was found to be inhibited at osmotic potentials equivalent to those of all leachate concentrations. Thus, the effects of leachate on seedling growth include both osmotic and non-osmotic components. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that the seedling stage of the plant life cycle is the stage most susceptible to permanent effects by the chemicals released from decomposing litter.
Processing parameters for the development of glass/ceramic MEMS

For the past few years we have been investigating the photophysical and photostructurable properties of Foturan, a photostructurable glass ceramic (PSGC) manufactured by Schott Glass Corp. In this paper, we discuss results on using Foturan as a MEMS and MOEMS substrate. Microfabrication in Foturan is possible through patterning by a pulsed UV laser, a subsequent heat treatment step, and chemical etching. In Foturan, the exposed areas undergo a selective phase change in which the native amorphous glass phase converts to a crystalline lithium silicate phase. The degree and type of crystallization are both sensitive functions of the irradiation and thermal processing procedures. Under high exposure dose, the crystallized areas etch up to 30 times faster than the unexposed material in HF, with the etch rate varying with irradiation dose. Because Foturan is transparent at visible through IR wavelengths, direct-write XYZ exposure with a pulsed laser can pattern complex 3-D structures within a sample. Devices made from Foturan may be glass, a glass-ceramic composite, or ceramic, with the final material composition depending on the irradiation and thermal processing procedures. Excellent aspect ratios (>30:1) have already been demonstrated in Foturan. Our interest is in making simple 3-D MEMS structures by implementing cost-effective manufacturing solutions that produce consistent results with a resolution on the order of ten microns.
Novel Arylsulfoanilide−Oxindole Hybrid as an Anticancer Agent That Inhibits Translation Initiation

Structure-activity relationship studies of substituted arylsulfoanilides as antiproliferatives, which are mediated by the partial depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, resulted in the identification of compounds with micromolar activity against lung cancer cells in a growth inhibition assay. Incorporating the substitution pattern of the best arylsulfoanilides onto the 3-phenyloxindole scaffold resulted in a potent arylsulfoanilide-oxindole hybrid, 27. Compound 27 inhibits cancer cell growth by partial depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores and phosphorylation of eIF2alpha.
Effects of ischemia, preconditioning, and adenosine deaminase inhibition on interstitial adenosine levels and infarct size.

In order to examine the relationship between local adenosine concentrations before, during, and after ischemia and the extent of ischemic myocardial damage, measurements of interstitial fluid (ISF) nucleosides were made using microdialysis probes implanted in the ischemic region of isoflurane anesthetized Micropigs undergoing 60' coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 3 h of reperfusion (REP). Nucleoside concentrations in the dialysate collected from the microdialysis probes were used as an index of ISF levels. Dialysate nucleoside concentrations (ADO, inosine and hypoxanthine), myocardial infarct size, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were determined in control animals (n = 6), animals preconditioned with a single 10' cycle of CAO and REP (PC, n = 6), and those treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (n = 6, 0.2 mg/Kg i.v. 30' prior to CAO). The brief PC occlusion resulted in a transient but significant increase in dialysate ADO (6.7 +/- 1.8 microM vs. 0.67 +/- 0.1 microM at baseline). Pentostatin administration had no significant effect on either dialysate nucleosides or MBF at baseline. During the 60' CAO, dialysate ADO increased in control animals. In PC animals, however, dialysate ADO during CAO was lower than control. Pretreatment with pentostatin resulted in a six-fold augmentation in dialysate ADO during the 60 min CAO when compared to the control values (110.62 +/- 30.2 microM vs. 16.31 +/- 2.1 microM at 60 min of ischemia). Pentostatin also resulted in a significant reduction in the accumulation of inosine and hypoxanthine, indicating inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity. There were no significant differences in MBF between groups at any time point. Following 3 h REP, infarct size was 35.4 +/- 5.5%, 8.1 +/- 1.5% and 8.3 +/- 1.8% of the region at risk in control, PC, and pentostatin groups, respectively. These data suggest that marked increase in ISF ADO during CAO, may be as effective in reducing INF as a modest increase in ISF ADO prior to prolonged CAO.
Differences between Actual and Predicted Grade Point Averages of Black and White College Students

A University admissions procedure was examined to determine the validity of the predictive grade point average by comparing white students with black students. Subjects were 434 black and 373 white...
Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (F-POSS)

Abstract : Partical contents: Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymers, Anatomy of a POSS Nanostructure, Poss Synthesis, FluoroPOSS Synthesis, Fluoropropyl(nTn), Fluorodecyl(8T8), Contact Angle of Water on Fluorodecyl POSS Surface, Contact Angle of Mercury on Fluorodecyl POSS Surface, AFM Image of Spin-Cast Fluorodecyl(8T8) Surface, Surface Energy of Fluorosiloxanes, Contact Angle and Chain Length, POSS Polymer Incorporation, Importance of R groups: Affect compatibility with polymer matrix, PVDF/Fluoroocytl(8T8) POSS,PVDF/Fluoroocytl(nTn) POSS, Fluorinated Ethylene/Propylene, Poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), Amorphous FEP, Water Contact Angle.
On Equal Terms: The Equivocal Origins of an Early Mughal Indo-Persian Vocabulary

The Qaṣīdah dar Luġhāt-i Hindī (‘A Qaṣīdah on Hindī Terms’), composed in the early sixteenth century, is an unusual example of the niṣāb genre of multilingual vocabularies in verse, providing Persian glosses for various terms drawn from a language the text labels Hindī. The author of the vocabulary, Yūsuf Ḳhurāsānī ‘Yūsufī’, was a physician who followed the first Mughal-Timurid emperor, Bābur, from Afghanistan to India. This paper examines the content and the arrangement of Yūsufī's vocabulary, paying particular attention to the means through which ‘Yūsufī’ was able to assert semantic equivalences between lexical terms and the materials with which they correspond. It concludes by contrasting the Hindi to Persian glossing directionality of this work with the Persian to Hindi directionality prevailing in later examples of the niṣāb genre, arguing that the Qaṣīdah reflects a period when practitioners of the Persianate yūnānī system of medical knowledge engaged with Indic counterparts in dynamic and especially fruitful ways.
Too Hard to Face

While the Holocaust is often placed at the genesis of bioethics, this relatively young field has not yet seriously explored the conduct of German scientists and physicians involved in the human subjects experiments of the Holocaust. We comfort ourselves with the beliefs that the individuals involved in the events of the Holocaust were mad or evil and unlike other scientists and physicians. Yet the evidence is that these professionals were educated and capable members of a technologically sophisticated society who believed they were somehow behaving morally within the context of their social-political situation. The first defendants at Nuremberg were physicians and public health officials. An examination of the trial transcripts provides data about what motivated these medical scientists to engage in human experimentation and mass murder and the extent to which ethics rationales were given for unparalleled moral wrong-doing in biomedicine. Bioethics must still address these beliefs and subject them to close scrutiny.
Preeclampsia: Diagnosis and management of the atypical presentation

Preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets) syndrome remain as major obstetric problems that plague a large percentage of women resulting in an equally large percentage of maternal and perinatal morbidities. It is important that a clinician makes the most accurate diagnosis possible to prevent these adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. In general, most women will have a classical presentation of preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinuria) at >20 weeks gestation and <48 hours postpartum. However, recent studies have suggested that some women will develop preeclampsia without the classical findings. The purpose of this review is to increase awareness of the non-classical and atypical features of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome and their respective management. Atypical cases are those that develop before 20 weeks, beyond 48 hours postpartum and those that present with some of the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia without the usual hypertension or proteinuria. By formulating a rational stepwise approach towards diagnosis, we may prevent the costly consequence of a missed diagnosis and its eventual possible fatalities.
Race, legal representation, and juvenile justice: Issues and concerns

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of type of counsel across race on juvenile court outcomes. Using data from a sample of juvenile court referrals from two midwestern juvenile courts, this study examined the interaction of race and type of counsel on disposition outcome. The results indicated that youth without an attorney were the most likely to have the charges dismissed, and this effect was more pronounced for non-White youth. In addition, non-White youth represented by a private attorney were significantly more likely than similar White youth to receive a secure confinement disposition.