cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Extensible, Scalable Architecture for Managing Bioinformatics Data and Analyses

Systems biology research demands the availability of tools and technologies that span a comprehensive range of computational capabilities, including data management, transfer, processing, integration, and interpretation. To address these needs, we have created the bioinformatics resource manager (BRM), a scalable, flexible, and easy to use tool for biologists to undertake complex analyses. This paper describes the underlying software architecture of the BRM that integrates multiple commodity platforms to provide a highly extensible and scalable software infrastructure for bioinformatics. The architecture integrates a J2EE 3-tier application with an archival experimental data management system, the GAGGLE framework for desktop tool integration, and the MeDICi integration framework for high-throughput data analysis workflows. This architecture facilitates a systems biology software solution that enables the entire spectrum of scientific activities, from experimental data access to high throughput processing and analysis of data for biologists and experimental scientists.
Multiple-Frame Subpixel Wildfire Tracking

We present a method to improve subpixel signal detection in airborne or orbital image sequences. The proposed technique recognizes stable interest point features in multiple overlapping frames. It estimates motion between consecutive frames and tracks candidate detections over time. The final detection decision combines signal strengths from multiple views to improve sensitivity. The algorithm is computationally tractable for real-time use on autonomous robotic platforms and spacecraft. Additionally, the interest points enable image-relative localization, obviating the need to transmit the entire image and reducing transmission bandwidth requirements by one or more orders of magnitude. This permits higher acquisition rates and potentially improved coverage for remote monitoring. Ground-based systems can reconstruct absolute positions from landmarks without measurements of sensor pose. We demonstrate the algorithm using airborne 4- μm imagery from multiple overpasses of a controlled wildfire.
Links between metabolism and cancer

Metabolism generates oxygen radicals, which contribute to oncogenic mutations. Activated oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors in turn alter metabolism and induce aerobic glycolysis. Aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect links the high rate of glucose fermentation to cancer. Together with glutamine, glucose via glycolysis provides the carbon skeletons, NADPH, and ATP to build new cancer cells, which persist in hypoxia that in turn rewires metabolic pathways for cell growth and survival. Excessive caloric intake is associated with an increased risk for cancers, while caloric restriction is protective, perhaps through clearance of mitochondria or mitophagy, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Hence, the links between metabolism and cancer are multifaceted, spanning from the low incidence of cancer in large mammals with low specific metabolic rates to altered cancer cell metabolism resulting from mutated enzymes or cancer genes.
DNA priming and influenza vaccine immunogenicity: two phase 1 open label randomised clinical trials

Summary Background Because the general population is largely naive to H5N1 influenza, antibodies generated to H5 allow analysis of novel influenza vaccines independent of background immunity from previous infection. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of DNA encoding H5 as a priming vaccine to improve antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccination. Methods In VRC 306 and VRC 310, two sequentially enrolled phase 1, open-label, randomised clinical trials, healthy adults (age 18–60 years) were randomly assigned to receive intramuscular H5 DNA (4 mg) at day 0 or twice, at day 0 and week 4, followed by H5N1 monovalent inactivated vaccine (MIV; 90 μg) at 4 or 24 weeks, and compared with a two-dose regimen of H5N1 MIV with either a 4 or 24 week interval. Antibody responses were assessed by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI), ELISA, neutralisation (ID 80 ), and immunoassays for stem-directed antibodies. T cell responses were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. After enrolment, investigators and individuals were not masked to group assignment. VRC 306 and VRC 310 are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00776711 and NCT01086657, respectively. Findings In VRC 306, 60 individuals were randomly assigned to the four groups (15 in each) and 59 received the vaccinations. In VRC 310, of the 21 individuals enrolled, 20 received the vaccinations (nine received a two-dose regimen of H5N1 MIV and 11 received H5 DNA at day 0 followed by H5N1 MIV at week 24). H5 DNA priming was safe and enhanced H5-specific antibody titres following an H5N1 MIV boost, especially when the interval between DNA prime and MIV boost was extended to 24 weeks. In the two studies, DNA priming with a 24-week MIV boost interval induced protective HAI titres in 21 (81%) of 26 of individuals, with an increase in geometric mean titre (GMT) of more than four times that of individuals given the MIV-MIV regimen at 4 or 24 weeks (GMT 103–206 vs GMT 27–33). Additionally, neutralising antibodies directed to the conserved stem region of H5 were induced by this prime-boost regimen in several individuals. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded. Interpretation DNA priming 24 weeks in advance of influenza vaccine boosting increased the magnitude of protective antibody responses (HAI) and in some cases induced haemagglutinin-stem-specific neutralising antibodies. A DNA-MIV vaccine regimen could enhance the efficacy of H5 or other influenza vaccines and shows that anti-stem antibodies can be elicited by vaccination in man. Funding National Institutes of Health.
Natural-language retrieval of images based on descriptive captions

We describe a prototype intelligent information retrieval system that uses natural-language understanding to efficiently locate captioned data. Multimedia data generally require captions to explain their features and significance. Such descriptive captions often rely on long nominal compounds (strings of consecutive nouns) which create problems of disambiguating word sence. In our system, captions and user queries are parsed and interpreted to produce a logical form using a detailed theory of the meaning of nominal compounds. A fine-grain match can then compare the logical form of the query to the logical forms for each caption. To improve system efficiency, we first perform a coarse-grain match with index files, using nouns and verbs extracted from the query. Our experiments with randomly selected queries and captions from an existing image library show an increase of 30% in precision and 50% in recall over the keyphrase approach currently used. Our processing times have a median of seven seconds as compared to eight minutes for the existing system, and our system is much easier to use.
Who Develops Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Nearly half of U.S. adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetimes, yet only 10% of women and 5% of men develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Why this is so is among the most central questions in current PTSD research. This article reviews the current status of knowledge about who develops PTSD, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence. We describe the major models used to understand responses to traumatic events, as well as future research directions. We also propose that an exclusive focus on individual differences and individual intervention overlooks opportunities to reduce the prevalence of PTSD by modifying factors at the neighborhood, community, or national level.
Choques of Reproduction and Transnationality in the Yakima Valley

This article explores the relational production of gendered discourses of reproduction that have emerged in newspaper debates over Mexican immigration and in interviews with Mexican migrant women conducted in 2003-2004 in Washington States Yakima Valley. It argues that gendered discourses of reproduction are being deployed in the governance of Mexican migration and settlement in the Yakima Valley. It also claims that Mexican migrant women are both recomposing and resisting racialized and gendered national borders through these discourses in their narratives of migration and settlement. (authors)
Prospects for developing an accurate diagnostic biomarker panel for low prevalence cancers

Background: Early detection screening of asymptomatic populations for low prevalence cancers requires a highly specific test in order to limit the cost and anxiety produced by falsely positive identifications. Most solid cancers are a heterogeneous collection of diseases as they develop from various combinations of genetic lesions and epigenetic modifications. Therefore, it is unlikely that a single test will discriminate all cases of any particular cancer type. We propose a novel, intuitive biomarker panel design that accommodates disease heterogeneity by allowing for diverse biomarker selection that increases diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Using characteristics of nine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biomarkers measured in human sera, we modeled the behavior of biomarker panels consisting of a sum of indicator variables representing a subset of biomarkers within a larger biomarker data set. We then chose a cutoff for the sum to force specificity to be high and delineated the number of biomarkers required for adequate sensitivity of PDAC in our panel design. Results: The model shows that a panel consisting of 40 non-correlated biomarkers characterized individually by 32% sensitivity at 95% specificity would require any 7 biomarkers to be above their respective thresholds and would result in a panel specificity and sensitivity of 99% each. Conclusions: A highly accurate blood-based diagnostic panel can be developed from a reasonable number of individual serum biomarkers that are relatively weak classifiers when used singly. A panel constructed as described is advantageous in that a high level of specificity can be forced, accomplishing a prerequisite for screening asymptomatic populations for low-prevalence cancers.
Correlates of Middle Cerebral Artery Blood Velocity in the Elderly

We analyzed the association between hematologic factors and blood velocity of the middle cerebral artery in 42 healthy ambulatory subjects aged 63-86 years. We found a significant inverse association between mean velocity and both hematocrit (r = -0.37, p less than 0.02) and fibrinogen concentration (r = -0.42, p less than 0.005). These two variables are independently associated with velocity and together explain 29% of the variance in mean velocity. Both hematocrit and fibrinogen concentration should be considered in the interpretation of transcranial Doppler findings in this population.
Reconstructing Marital Closeness While Caring for a Spouse With Alzheimer’s:

This study examines how people caring for a spouse with Alzheimer’s disease reconstruct the meaning of closeness within their marriage. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 men and 15 women. The authors discovered that significant changes in the social identity of the impaired spouse may have important implications for how caregivers view their marriage and their ability to reestablish a sense of marital closeness. The majority of caregivers experienced significant disruptions in their marriage as a result of their respective spouse’s dementia. The authors further discovered that the caregiver wives in the study sample were more likely than caregiver husbands to report that perceived changes in the spouses’ identity altered how they identified themselves within their marriage, leading to longer term disruption of marital closeness. The findings suggest that retaining a sense of marital closeness is often quite difficult for caregiving spouses, pointing to the need for specific types of caregiver edu...
Individual differences in time perspective predict autonoetic experience

Tulving (1985) posited that the capacity to remember is one facet of a more general capacity—autonoetic (self-knowing) consciousness. Autonoetic consciousness was proposed to underlie the ability for ‘‘mental time travel’’ both into the past (remembering) and into the future to envision potential future episodes (episodic future thinking). The current study examines whether individual differences can predict autonoetic experience. Specifically, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) was administered to 133 undergraduate students, who also rated phenomenological experiences accompanying autobiographical remembering and episodic future thinking. Scores on two of the five subscales of the ZTPI (Future and Present-Hedonistic) predicted the degree to which people reported feelings of mentally traveling backward (or forward) in time and the degree to which they reported re- or pre-experiencing the event, but not ten other rated properties less related to autonoetic consciousness.
The O’Connell Effect in Some Eclipsing Variables

The O’Connell effect, a name Dr. Wesselink and I have given to the phenomenon of unequal light maxima in certain eclipsing binary stars, was formerly called the ‘periastron effect’. Although there is no definite known cause, in the majority of cases it cannot be due to any periastron effect. This is clear from the negative correlation found by Mergentaler (1950) between the magnitude of the effect and the orbital eccentricity. A more likely origin lies in clouds or streams of matter existing on or around the Lagrangian surfaces of close binaries with nearly circular orbits. UBV observations of two stars in O’Connell’s (1951) list do not contradict the latter hypothesis.
Thioridazine for treatment of tuberculosis: promises and pitfalls.

Summary The articles by De Knegt et al. and Singh et al. in a recent issue of this Journal address one of the current debates regarding the potential role of thioridazine in the treatment of tuberculosis. This commentary presents a summary of the available evidence, and, emphasizing the need for further research, asks the question: “How far can we go in repurposing thioridazine?”
Laboratory diagnosis of metabolic myopathies.

The metabolic myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders inherited by a variety of modes that include gene defects in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Many factors impact on the expression of the pathogenic mutations that cause these disorders including genetic background, environmental factors, and coexisting disorders. Molecular technology has greatly improved the ability to make definitive diagnoses in many of the metabolic myopathies in the last decade and particularly has demonstrated that the wide diversity in the severity of mutations contributes to understanding genotype-phenotype correlations. In some cases, molecular testing obviates the necessity to perform an invasive muscle biopsy. However, it is also clear that the diagnostic yield from molecular testing is incomplete and particularly low among the mitochondrial myopathies as a group, ranging from approximately 6% to 19% in well-classified high-risk groups. Therefore, it is often essential to combine clinical, biochemical, histopathologic, and molecular data for each patient in order to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. The approach to the laboratory diagnosis of metabolic myopathies is described emphasizing both noninvasive and invasive testing, highlighting the molecular methodologies with the benefits and disadvantages of each technology, and documenting how to determine whether patients have coexisting disorders.
Alterations of action potentials and the localization of Nav1.6 sodium channels in spared axons after hemisection injury of the spinal cord in adult rats

Previously, we reported a pronounced reduction in transmission through surviving axons contralateral to chronic hemisection (HX) of adult rat spinal cord. To examine the cellular and molecular mech...
Narrow-band distributed feedback reflector design

The theory is developed for a narrowband distributed feedback reflector that reflects at the center of the grating stopband and transmits at frequencies to either side. A perturbational method of analysis is presented which simplifies the algebra and provides helpful insight. The approximate analysis is compared with the exact results. It is shown that the approximate solution is good in the operating region of practical devices. The proposed tunable narrowband reflector can perform well at a reasonable bandwidth of about 40 GHz. >
The Sensitivity of Gross Necropsy, Caudal Fold and Comparative Cervical Tests for the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

Bovine tuberculosis (bTb) was diagnosed in 22 cattle herds in the northeast corner of Michigan's lower peninsula. Of these 22 herds, 494 animals in 7 herds were examined by gross necropsy, histopathologic exam, mycobacterial culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay performed only on samples that were histologically compatible for bTb. Results of culture and PCR assay interpreted in parallel were used as the reference test for calculation of the sensitivity of 1) the caudal fold test (CFT), 2) the caudal fold and compar- ative cervical skin tests used in series (CFTCCTSER), and 3) gross necropsy. Mycobacterium boviswas isolated from 43 animals. Using all 7 herds, the sensitivities of the CFT, the CFTCCTSER, and gross necropsy were 93.02%, 88.37%, and 86.05%, respectively. When the data were stratified by low- and moderate-prevalence herds, the sensitivities were 83.33%, 75.0%, and 83.33% in low-prevalence herds and 96.77%, 93.55%, and 87.10% in moderate-prevalence herds. The sensitivities of the 2 skin tests were slightly higher when 2 or more gross lesions were present, and the sensitivity of gross necropsy was significantly higher (P 5 0.049). The sensitivity of the CFT was found to be notably higher than most estimates in other studies; however, a direct comparison was not possible because the amount of purified protein derivative and the reference methods were different in this study compared with other published studies. Although the sensitivities are high, 2 of the 7 herds (29%) would have had 1 or more positive animals left in the herd if a test-and-removal program had been used. This suggests that when positive herds are identified, selective culling of skin test reactors is a less acceptable disease control strategy than is complete depopulation.
Multiple Equilibria and Endogenous Persistence in a Dynamic Model of Employment

In this paper, I consider whether: (1) a dynamic forward-looking model with multiple equilibria can generate persistent fluctuations without persistent sunspots; and (2) indeterminacy is important for these persistent fluctuations. The answer to the first question is a tentative no. The answer to the second question is yes. Extending the approach of Howitt and McAfee (1988, 1992), I work with a dynamic model of long-term employment. In this framework, search externalities allow both hiring and not hiring to comprise symmetric Nash equilibria for some values of the i.i.d. hiring cost. Following Cooper (1994), firms implement the hiring strategy of the previous period unless the realized hiring cost makes a change in strategy the dominant strategy. Calibrating the model, I find that with plausible functional forms, the selection rule can lead to persistent economic episodes only if one uses counterfactual parameters. Turning to the second question, I estimate that the economy has multiple equilibria, in the sense that the current hiring decision depends on the previous hiring decision, around 41 percent of the time. Moreover, I find that without some indeterminacy, the model can not generate expansions and recessions that are both persistent.
SPAR: a schematic place and route system

An approach to the automatic generation of schematic diagrams from circuit descriptions is presented. The heuristics that make up the system are based on two principles of schematics readability: functional identification and traceability. SPAR's generation process is broken into five distinct phases: partitioning the netlist, placement of components on the page, global routing, local routing, and the addition of I/O modules. All phases of the generation process use a two-dimensional space management technique based on virtual tile spaces. The global router is guided by a cost function consisting of both congestion and wirelength estimates. The local router uses a constraint-propagation technique to optimize the traceability of lines through congested areas. The data structures and algorithms used allow the system to support incremental additions to the schematic without complete regeneration. A technique for evaluating the quality of schematic drawings is described and applied to the present results. >
Assortment and Shelf Space Planning

As we elaborate in Chap. 3, one of the core strategic decisions grocery retailers must take involves determining their assortment and allocating it to the shelves. Retailers need to match consumer demand with shelf supply by balancing variety (number of products) and shelf service levels (number of items of a product). Offering broader assortments thus limits the appropriate service levels and vice versa, as shelf space is scarce. Retailers and producers try to satisfy consumers’ needs with the right merchandise at the right store at the right time. However, the continually increasing number of consumer goods is in conflict with the fixed and scarce resource of shelf space. Consequently, retailers need to make same-time decisions on which products to offer (“listing”), and how much space to allocate for each product (“facing”). A shelf management model needs to balance supply and demand effects, as firstly listing decisions affect possible demand substitutions from delisted to listed items. Secondly, facing decisions as space allocation impact the space-dependent demand and the frequency of refill operations. However, current space allocation models mainly focus on demand modified by space effects, whereas substitution models mainly cover out-of-assortment or out-of-stock effects, but do not consider space effects and the additional effort required for refilling depleted shelf inventory between two basic replenishment periods.
PATTERNS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION IN THREE ANGIOSPERM GENERA

Analyses among animal species have found that reproductive isolation increases monotonically with genetic distance, evolves more quickly for prezygotic than postzygotic traits, and is stronger among sympatric than allopatric species pairs. The latter pattern is consistent with expectations under the reinforcement hypothesis. To determine whether similar trends are found among plant species, patterns of reproductive isolation (postpollination prezygotic, postzygotic, and “total” isolation) in three plant genera (Glycine, Silene, Streptanthus) were examined using data from previously published artificial hybridization experiments. In Silene, all measures of reproductive isolation were positively correlated with genetic distance. In contrast, in Glycine and Streptanthus, correlations between reproductive isolation and genetic distance were weak or nonsignificant, possibly due to the influence of biologically unusual taxa, variable evolutionary forces acting in different lineages, or insufficient time to accumulate reproductive isolation. There was no evidence that postpollination prezygotic reproductive isolation evolved faster than postzygotic isolation in Glycine or Silene. We also detected no evidence for faster accumulation of postmating prezygotic isolation between sympatric than allopatric species pairs; thus we found no evidence for the operation of speciation via reinforcement. In Silene, which included six polyploid species, results suggest that changes in ploidy disrupt a simple monotonic relationship between isolation and genetic distance.
The Case Of Alpha Inc.: A study In Forecasting And Valuation

ALPHA Inc., a manufacturing entity, hired James to help put their records in for 2006 and 2007. James completed the financial statements to gain an understanding of the accounting transactions and financial results. In addition, ALPHA Inc. requested a five-year forecast for future financing and wanted a valuation of the company for possible sale or merger. After students complete the accounting relationships, financial analysis, forecast and valuation, they will have a solid background to complete the financial section of a business plan. This case is most appropriate for an upper division accounting or finance course.
Use of Volumes of Activation for Determining Reaction Mechanisms

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of volumes of activation for determining reaction mechanisms. The theory of pressure effects is addressed in the chapter. It also concerns with those experimental measurements that give information about reaction mechanisms. Information about the mechanism of organic reactions has been extracted from volumes of activation and there are few discussions of volumes of activation in textbooks dealing with reaction mechanisms. Moreover, the review discussed in the chapter, deals with the interpretation of measured volumes of activation in terms of reaction mechanisms. The volume of activation is probably easier to understand on an elementary level than the other important quantities of activation, i.e., the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. Furthermore, the volume of activation should be rather useful in elucidating the mechanisms of some reactions.
Chronic inhalation of nickel oxide and cigarette smoke by hamsters.

Chronic inhalation of NiO and cigarette smoke (CS) by hamsters eventually caused pneumoconiosis whose development was unaffected by CS. No carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic effect of NiO and CS was observed. CS exposure increased laryngeal lesions, reduced body weight, and increased lifespan.
The Life and Adventures of Unocal - Part I: Moore the Marrier

The Unocal case is without question the most important Corporations case in the last generation. The Unocal standard has been central to every takeover case since the mid-1980s and is the basis for most of the significant Corporations cases today. The Life and Adventures of Unocal takes a wholly different approach from other Unocal law review articles because it looks at a wholly different dimension of the Unocal problem. Unocal is, in its purest form, a conversation among the dozen most sophisticated Corporation law judges about the appropriate allocation of corporate power between directors, shareholders, and judges. The article focuses on Unocal as conversation rather than on Unocal as doctrine. As a result of this conversation, Unocal has, indeed, taken on a life of its own and this article tells its story. This article is the first of two parts. It takes Unocal from its birth in 1985 through the watershed decision in Paramount v. Time in 1990. Much of the story is the effort of Justice Moore to amalgamate two doctrines into a third, hence the subtitle, Moore the Marrier.
Taurine in Human Nutrition and Development

Despite intensive studies by a number of investigators the functions of taurine, and, in particular, the reason for the large amounts found in most mammalian tissues remain unknown. Taurine has been associated with many different biological functions (Jacobsen and Smith, 1968; Huxtable and Barbeau, 1976; Barbeau and Huxtable, 1978) but only its role in conjugating with bile acids is well established. We have concentrated upon possible functions of taurine during development. If taurine is of importance to the brain it is during this vulnerable period that a failure to supply adequate amounts of this compound might have the most long-lasting effects. Thus, the study of the transfer of taurine to the fetus and taurine nutrition in the neonate is of considerable potential importance.
30 HEALTH STATUS OF VIETNAMESE ELDERS COMPARED WITH NON-HISPANIC WHITES IN CALIFORNIA.

Background Vietnamese are the fastest growing Asian subgroup in the United States; however, little is known about the health status of Vietnamese seniors. Objective To summarize and compare results from the Vietnamese Elders Health Survey (VEHS) and the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) on the health status of Vietnamese and non-Hispanic white elders. Methods VEHS was administered to a convenience sample of elders from three senior centers in Orange County, California. Participants were recruited through a health fair conducted at each of the senior centers; 211 Vietnamese elders (age ≥ 55) were surveyed in 2004. CHIS employed a random-digit dial telephone survey and its sample is representative of California9s noninstitutionalized population. The data set used for this study comes from the CHIS Public Use File 2001 and 2003, yielding sample sizes of 352 Vietnamese and 24,999 non-Hispanic white elders. Survey items were analyzed regarding demographic characteristics and health status (eg, chronic medical conditions, ADL limitations, and health-related quality of life). Descriptive statistics were generated, and the mean differences of health status among VEHS and CHIS groups were compared. Results The VEHS sample consisted of more recent immigrants who were less educated, less English proficient, and more likely to speak Vietnamese only at home (p Conclusion In general, Vietnamese elders have poorer physical and mental health status compared with non-Hispanic white elders. Furthermore, the VEHS sample consisted of a less acculturated and more vulnerable Vietnamese elder population compared with the previously reported Vietnamese population in CHIS. These results provide evidence that less acculturated Vietnamese elders are more likely to possess poorer health status compared with more acculturated Vietnamese elders.
Ensuring integral controllability for robust multivariable control

Abstract Integral controllability (IC) is a desired property of multivariable models used in robust controller design. IC requires satisfaction of eigenvalue-based inequalities involving the real process and identified model. Design of experiments for identification of models that satisfy these inequalities is cumbersome. To address this issue, Darby and Nikolaou (2009) developed a general mathematical framework, that relies on a much simpler inequality as its starting point. However that inequality is only sufficient, which could potentially be conservative. This paper examines this concern through a numerical simulation study and analysis on a number of systems. The results suggest that conservatism is fairly low but increasing as the identified system size increases. In addition, a rigorous argument is used to establish that it is generally impossible to build an IC-compliant model once a least-squares model is not, thus emphasizing the importance of design of experiments for IC-compliant model identification.
Energy-balancing routing algorithm for wireless sensor network used in building

To solve the problem of unbalanced energy consumption,premature deaths of some nodes and shorter lifetime of the network when using the AODVjr routing for the wireless sensor network(WSN)in building,an improved energy-balancing routing algorithm for WSN was proposed.The concept of routing load was introduced to rebuild routing tables by dynamically modifying the routing load value,and then the node with more residual energy was selected to route the packets.As a result,energy consumption in each layer of the network was balanced.Moreover,the lifetime of the network was extended.Simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm has advantages over AODVjr with respect to extending network lifetime and balancing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks.
Clinician time used for decision making: a best case workflow study using cardiovascular risk assessments and Ask Mayo Expert algorithmic care process models

Risk calculation is increasingly used in lipid management, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. The risk scores are then used for decisions about statin use, anticoagulation, and implantable defibrillator use. Calculating risks for patients and making decisions based on these risks is often done at the point of care and is an additional time burden for clinicians that can be decreased by automating the tasks and using clinical decision-making support. Using Morae Recorder software, we timed 30 healthcare providers tasked with calculating the overall risk of cardiovascular events, sudden death in heart failure, and thrombotic event risk in atrial fibrillation. Risk calculators used were the American College of Cardiology Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease risk calculator (AHA-ASCVD risk), Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM risk), and CHA2DS2VASc. We also timed the 30 providers using Ask Mayo Expert care process models for lipid management, heart failure management, and atrial fibrillation management based on the calculated risk scores. We used the Mayo Clinic primary care panel to estimate time for calculating an entire panel risk. Mean provider times to complete the CHA2DS2VASc, AHA-ASCVD risk, and SHFM were 36, 45, and 171 s respectively. For decision making about atrial fibrillation, lipids, and heart failure, the mean times (including risk calculations) were 85, 110, and 347 s respectively. Even under best case circumstances, providers take a significant amount of time to complete risk assessments. For a complete panel of patients this can lead to hours of time required to make decisions about prescribing statins, use of anticoagulation, and medications for heart failure. Informatics solutions are needed to capture data in the medical record and serve up automatically calculated risk assessments to physicians and other providers at the point of care.
Reactive power control of grid-connected inverter in vehicle-to-grid application for voltage regulation

Vehicle-to-grid is a promising concept, which has a potential to provide ancillary services to the power grid such as peak load reduction, spinning and non-spinning reserve, and voltage and frequency regulation. This paper investigates the control method of a grid-connected inverter in vehicle to grid application for voltage regulation through reactive power control. The control technique is to maintain the point of common coupling voltage at a nominal value when there is sag or swell on grid voltage. The required power is mathematically derived as a function of the balanced sag or swell factor and phase angle of compensated voltage. The proposed control technique is simulated using MATLAB Simulink and Simpower tools.
Coach and athlete personality interaction: A critical variable in athletic success.

An athletic program is always a reflection of the personality of the coach of the program. Within that program certain athletes will function better than others. This article presents a discussion of the importance of the personality interaction between coaches and the athletes with whom they work. It discusses the implications of that interaction for coaching, recruiting, and/or drafting athletes into a program, hiring of assistant coaches, and the selection of coaches and athletes for our national teams.
Is a Pulmonary Artery Catheter Needed If You Have Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Routine Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Since the proliferation of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), many anesthesiologists have questioned the need for pulmonary artery catheters (PACs), particularly in routine coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries. Utilization of PACs still widely varies between anesthesiologists in cardiac surgery as there is no clear consensus in the literature. This chapter examines both sides of the debate by reviewing the clinical utility of PACs versus TEE, outcomes literature and published recommendations. Important considerations including PAC complications, costs and training are discussed as well.
OP117: Autofluorescence visualization for detecting potentially malignant white oral mucosal lesions

Introduction White or white-red oral mucosal lesions (WOL) are considered to be potentially malignant disorders. While heterogeneous appearance and presence of dysplastic changes portend a higher risk of progression, homogeneous WOLs can also sometimes progress to invasive cancer (CA). We evaluated the utility of autofluorescence visualization (AFV) in the detection of ‘high-risk’ WOLs. Methods A total of 146 patients with WOLs were evaluated at the Oral Cancer Screening Clinic at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA. The patients underwent conventional white-light evaluation (WLE), AFV, and lesion risk stratification as ‘suspicious’ or ‘non-suspicious’ on either light evaluation. All lesions were biopsied for histopathology diagnosis. Results A total of 255 WOL were detected, including 75 homogeneous leukoplakia/white lesions, 40 verrucous leukoplakia, 19 leuko-erythroplakia, 86 leukoplakia with ulcer/focal erythema, 28 lichenoid lesions and 7 treatment-related white scars. Histopathology diagnoses showed, 71 normal/benign lesions, 100 mild dysplasia (MiD), 19 moderate dysplasia (MoD), 20 severe dysplasia (SD), 13 carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 32 CA. Of the 255 WOLs, 138 and 223 were suspicious on WLE and AFV, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of WLE in detecting WOLs with dysplasia/CA were 54% and 46%, respectively. On AFV, the sensitivity was 89% and the specificity was 17%. When the 75 homogenous WOLs were evaluated separately, 46 had dysplasia/CA (34 MiD, 6 MoD, 3 SD, 2 CIS and 1 CA). Of these 46 lesions, only 9 (8 MiD and 1 CIS) were missed (non-suspicious) on AFV. The sensitivity and specificity of AFV in detecting homogenous WOLs with dysplasia/CA were 80% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion While AFV is useful in detecting ‘high-risk’ potentially malignant oral lesions, it is not as efficient in discriminating between high-risk and low-risk lesions. AFV, in its current stage of development, may only be effective when used in a selective high-risk patient population.
Time Dynamic Modes of Nano/Bioparticle Heating

Nanoparticles are being researched as a noninvasive method for selectively killing cancer cells. With particular antibody coatings on nanoparticles, they attach to abnormal cells of interest (cancer or otherwise). Once attached, nanoparticles can be heated with UV/visible/IR, RF, or X-ray pulses, heating the surrounding area of the cell to the point of death. Researchers often use single-pulse or multipulse modes of laser heating when conducting nanoparticle ablation research. In this chapter, time-dependent simulations and detailed analyses are carried out for different nonstationary pulsed laser–nanoparticle interaction modes, and the advantages and disadvantages of single-pulse and multipulse (set of short pulses) heating of nanoparticles are shown. Simulations are performed for metal nanoparticles in a surrounding biological medium, as well as for healthy and cancerous cell organelles heated by optical, RF, and X-ray pulses. This chapter contains material adapted from our publications [1, 2, 3]. A detailed list of references and reviews on a given topic of this chapter can be found in those original papers.
Twisted spectral triples and quantum statistical mechanical systems

Spectral triples and quantum statistical mechanical systems are two important constructions in noncommutative geometry. In particular, both lead to interesting reconstruction theorems for a broad range of geometric objects, including number fields, spin manifolds, graphs. There are similarities between the two structures, and we show that the notion of twisted spectral triple, introduced recently by Connes and Moscovici, provides a natural bridge between them. We investigate explicit examples, related to the Bost-Connes quantum statistical mechanical system and to Riemann surfaces and graphs.
Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis in Older Adults: Optimizing Cardiac Imaging to the Corresponding Diagnostic and Management Goal.

Purpose of Review Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis is increasingly recognized as an important cause of heart failure in older adults. Many cardiac imaging modalities have evolved to evaluate transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and include 2D echocardiography with tissue Doppler and speckle-strain imaging, nuclear scintigraphy, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. The purpose of this review is to highlight the optimal selection of advanced cardiac imaging techniques with corresponding diagnostic goals including raising suspicion, making an early diagnosis, and subtyping transthyretin cardiac amyloid, as well as management goals including assessment of ventricular impairment, prognosticating, and monitoring disease progression. Potential benefits of optimizing cardiac imaging in the elderly patient with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis may include enhanced and earlier diagnosis and refined long-term management.
Operational impact of using a vanadate oxidase method for direct bilirubin measurements at an academic medical center clinical laboratory.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the operational impact of using vanadate oxidase versus diazo direct bilirubin assays for an academic medical center patient population. Design and methods Retrospective study was done over an approximately 3.5 year period. The main automated chemistry instrumentation was a Roche Diagnostics cobas 8000 line. The Roche Direct Bilirubin assay was compared to Diazyme Laboratories Direct Bilirubin Assay and Randox Laboratories Direct Bilirubin assay using manufacturer's guidelines for hemolysis index, lipemia index, and analytical measurement range (AMR). Results Retrospective data was analyzed for 47,333 serum/plasma specimens that had clinical orders for direct bilirubin. A total of 5943 specimens (12.6%) exceeded the hemolysis index limit for the Roche method compared to only 0.2% and 0.05% of specimens for the Diazyme and Randox methods, respectively. The impact was particularly large on patients less than 2 years old, for which 51.3% of specimens exceeded the hemolysis index for the Roche method. A total of 1671 specimens (3.5%) exceeded the lipemia index limit for the Roche method compared to less than 0.1% for the Randox method. Lastly, 988 (2.1%) of specimens had direct bilirubin concentrations exceeding the upper AMR limit of 10 mg/dL [171 µmol/L] for the Roche assay compared to less than 1% of specimens for the vanadate oxidase methods. Conclusions Vanadate oxidase direct bilirubin methods offer advantages over diazo methods in terms of less interference by hemolysis and lipemia, as well as wider AMR. The advantages are particularly evident for neonatal and infant populations.
A Novel Triethylphosphonium Charge Tag on Peptides: Synthesis, Derivatization, and Fragmentation

Charge tagging is a peptide derivatization process that commonly localizes a positive charge on the N-terminus. Upon low energy activation (e.g., collision-induced dissociation or post-source decay) of charge tagged peptides, relatively few fragment ions are produced due to the absence of mobile protons. In contrast, high energy fragmentation, such as 157 nm photodissociation, typically leads to a series of a-type ions. Disadvantages of existing charge tags are that they can produce mobile protons or that they are undesirably large and bulky. Here, we investigate a small triethylphosphonium charge tag with two different linkages: amide (158 Da) and amidine bonds (157 Da). Activation of peptides labeled with a triethylphosphonium charge tag through an amide bond can lead to loss of the charge tag and the production of protonated peptides. This enables low intensity fragment ions from both the protonated and charge tagged peptides to be observed. Triethylphosphonium charge tagged peptides linked through an amidine bond are more stable. Post-source decay and photodissociation yield product ions that primarily contain the charge tag. Certain amidine induced fragments are also observed. The previously reported tris(trimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium acetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester charge tag shows a similar fragment ion distribution, but the mass of the triethylphosphonium tag label is 415 Da smaller.
A complex enhancer of the chicken beta A3/A1-crystallin gene depends on an AP-1-CRE element for activity.

Purpose. To define transcriptional regulatory elements of the chicken /3A3/Al-crystallin gene. Methods. Reporter genes were made with fragments of the chicken /3A3/Al-crystallin gene fused to the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The reporter plasmids were transfected into primary cultures of chicken-patched lens epithelium or fibroblast cells, and the CAT activity of cellular extracts was measured. The binding of lens nuclear proteins to /JA.3/A1 sequences was tested in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Results. Sequences from —287 to -254 bp relative to the transcriptional start site function as an enhancer in transfected lens and nonlens cells. The length of a T-rich sequence downstream of the enhancer influences its activity. Minimal enhancer activity depends on sequences between —270 and —254 bp, and full activity requires additional upstream sequences. The minimal enhancer includes a consensus sequence (TGAGTCA) for basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins of the AP-1-CREB superfamily. Lens nuclear proteins bind the enhancer sequences to form several specific complexes, some of which are related antigenically to members of the AP-1 and CREB families of proteins. Conclusions. An enhancer of the chicken /3A3/Al-crystallin gene between —287 and —254 bp functions in both lens and nonlens cells and binds multiple nuclear proteins. Temporal and spatial regulation of/9A3/A1 expression in the lens may be regulated by the enhancer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997; 38:951-959. J. he spatial and temporal expression of the crystallin genes contributes to the refractive properties of the eye lens. 1 In the chicken, the a-, (3-, and <S-crystallins are the major refractive proteins. 6-crystallin is expressed first, followed by the /3-crystallins, and finally by the a-crystallins. 2 There are at least six /3-crystallins in the vertebrate lens. 3 The /?A3- and /?Al-crystallins are derived from alternative start codons in a single transcript and are a major component of vertebrate lenses. Transcription of the /?A3/Al-crystallin gene is regulated spatially and temporally during development. 4 ' 5 In situ hybridization of the rat lens showed that (3A3-A1 mRNA is detectable in the elongating cells of the epithelium and in the fiber layer. 6