cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microphytobenthos : The ecological role of the "Secret Garden" of unvegetated, shallow-water marine habitats. II. Role in sediment stability and shallow-water food webs

The microphytobenthos form an important component of all shallow-water ecosystems where enough light reaches the sediment surface to support appreciable primary production. Although less conspicuous than macroalgae or vascular plants, the microphytobenthos can contribute significantly to primary production and can modify habitat characteristics. The microphytobenthos alter sediment properties (e.g., erodibility) both directly, in the extreme forming a mat or scum on the sediment surface, and indirectly by modifying the activities of benthic infauna (e.g., pelletization, burrowing, tube building, and sediment tracking). Carbon dioxide fixed by the microphytobenthos supports higher, grazing trophic levels. These include deposit-feeding and suspension-feeding macrofauna as well as meiofauna and microfauna. Quantitative relations between the feeding and growth rates of macrofauna and the abundance of microphytobenthos and suspended organic matter (i.e., functional responses) are reviewed. Given the current state of knowledge of the direct and indirect interactions involving trophic dynamics, sediment properties, and benthic microalgae, we argue for reductionist studies of particular interactions as distinct entities. This is a prerequisite for the emergence of a comprehensive picture of unvegetated ecosystems and the ability to predict their responses to man’s activities. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY074 00005
Proximal Radius Fracture in a Horse: Angle Blade Plate Repair

The repair of a comminuted fracture of the proximal radius in a 300-kg horse was achieved using an angle blade plate and a dynamic compression plate. Placement of an angle blade plate required adequate preoperative preparation to ensure successful use and to avoid joint damage. The horse has been returned to atheletic performance and has remained sound.
Absorbing boundary conditions for scalar waves in anisotropic media. Part 1: Time harmonic modeling

With the ultimate goal of devising effective absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) for general anisotropic media, we investigate the accuracy aspects of local ABCs designed for the scalar anisotropic wave equation in the frequency domain (time harmonic case). The ABC analyzed in this paper is the perfectly matched discrete layers (PMDL). PMDL is a simple variant of perfectly matched layers (PML) and is equivalent to rational approximation-based local ABCs. Specifically, we derive a sufficient condition for PMDL to accurately absorb wave modes with outgoing group velocities and this condition turns out to be a simple bound on the PMDL parameters. The reflection coefficient derived in this paper clearly reveals that the PMDL absorption is based on group velocities, and not phase velocities, and hence a PMDL can be designed to correctly identify and accurately absorb all outgoing wave modes (even those with opposing signs of phase and group velocities). The validity of the sufficient condition is demonstrated through a series of frequency domain simulations. In part 2 of this paper [S. Savadatti, M.N. Guddati, Absorbing boundary conditions for scalar waves in anisotropic media. Part 2: Time-dependent modeling, J. Comput. Phys. (2010), doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2010.05.017], the accuracy condition presented here is shown to govern both the well-posedness and accuracy aspects of PMDL designed for transient (time-dependent) modeling of scalar waves in anisotropic media.
GONADAL ACTIVITY AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS.

The administration of testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol benzoate (EB) to the neonatal female rat induces masculinization of the hypothalamus and results in a tonic pattern of gonadotropin (GTH) secretion and the absence of ovulation. To determine the relation between this effect of steroids on the developing hypothalamus and endogenous gonadal activity, newborn rats were subjected to gonadectomy and/or steroid injection, or gonadal transplantation. The mode of GTH secretion of the host was ascertained by examining the histology of subcutaneous ovarian grafts. Corpora lutea (CL) in such grafts were considered as evidence of the cyclic release of GTH, and their absence as evidence of the tonic or masculine mode of GTH secretion. CL were found in ovarian grafts removed from females ovariectomized on day 2 or 6 of age, and from males castrated on day 2 or 3, some of which received ovarian grafts at the time of castration. CL were absent in grafts removed either from neonatally ovariectomized females g...
The Meiotic Divisions of Haploid, Diploid and Tetraploid Tomatoes with Special Reference to the Prophase

1. The tomato polyploid series, haploid, diploid, and tetraploid has been described with special reference to the prophase of microsporogenesis.2. The resting nucleus of the haploid contains prochromosomes. There is no pairing of threads and the spireme in prophase is not continuous. Metaphase-anaphase distribution is random. Second metaphase is regular except that three spindles are sometimes present. Normal spores occasionally result from non-reduction at first division. Hexads are occasionally found.3. The diploid produced by the decapitation method, is completely homozygous, and the meiotic behavior is entirely regular.4. The tetraploid, also produced by the decapitation method, is likewise homozygous. Four strand pairing occurs at synapsis. At diplotene the chromosomes usually appear as tetrasomes, but become separated into disomes at diakinesis and metaphase. Disjunction is regular and subsequent behavior is normal and similar to that of the diploid. Tetrads always appear normal.5. Measurements were made an the diameters of pollen, pollen mother cell, nucleus and nucleolus as well as tetrad, microspore and microspore nucleus, and these were compared in the, different individuals. A definite increase in size was noted in each Gase when the chromossme number was doubled.
Low-Frequency Amide Modes in Different Hydrogen-Bonded Forms of Nylon-6 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering and Density-Functional Calculations

Inelastic neutron-scattering spectra of oriented nylon-6 were measured using the filter- analyzer and time-of-flight techniques. The samples studied were semicrystalline fibers with the crystalline fraction either in the R or the A form, and selectively deuterated polymer films. Strong features observed in the inelastic spectra correspond to vibrations of methylene groups, however several of the typical amide modes are also identified. The frequencies of observed amide V, VI and VII modes depend on the type of crystal structure. The lowest amide VII mode is located at 27 meV in the R phase, and at 32 meV in the A phase. Broad boson peaks are observed in both types of fibers, and attributed to their amorphous fractions. The boson peak of the A fiber is found at a slightly higher frequency, which we explain by a higher cohesive energy density due to stronger hydrogen bonds or their higher density in the A amorphous phase. Density functional calculations, using the B3LYP functional, were employed to study the vibrational modes of smaller model molecules, including H-bonded couples. These calculations show that hydrogen bonding significantly modifies not just the frequencies of out-of-plane amide vibrations, but the character of mode polarization vectors as well.
Effect of penicillin injections during acute poliomyelitis

Summary In a study of 385 polio patients admittedduring 1950 and 1951 to the Elizabeth Kenny Institute, no relation was found between paralysis occurring in gluteal muscles and injection of penicillin during the acute illness.
Isolated intestinal transplantation for intestinal failure.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Parenteral nutrition sustains life in patients with intestinal failure. However, some experience life-threatening complications from parenteral nutrition, and in these individuals intestinal transplantation may be lifesaving. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 28 consecutive isolated small bowel transplants performed in eight adults and 20 children between December 1993 and June 1998 at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. RESULTS: The 1-yr patient and graft survivals were 93% and 71%, respectively. The causes of graft loss were hyperacute rejection (n = 1), acute rejection (n = 5), vascular thrombosis (n = 1), and patient death (n = 1). The median length of time required until full enteral nutrition was 27 days. All 28 patients have experienced acute rejection of their small bowel grafts and rejection led to graft failure in five. Jaundice and/or hepatic fibrosis was present preoperatively in 17 of the 28 recipients and hyperbilirubinemia was completely reversed in all patients with functional grafts within 4 months of transplantation. Three patients developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (11%). Three recipients developed cytomegalovirus enteritis and all were successfully treated. CONCLUSIONS: Patient survival after intestinal transplantation is comparable to parenteral nutrition for patients with intestinal failure. Better immunosuppressive regimens are needed to decrease the risk of graft loss from acute rejection. The incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is higher after intestinal transplantation than after other solid organ transplants and the risk of cytomegalovirus enteritis is low with the use of cytomegalovirus seronegative donors. Liver dysfunction in the absence of established cirrhosis can be reversed.
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in a Magneto-Plasma Filled Coaxial Structure: I, Theoretical

This study is concerned with the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation in a magneto-plasma filled coaxial structure. The problem is formulated using the classical boundary value problem approach. Based on this formulation an extensive numerical investigation is performed. The numerical investigation shows the existence of propagating slow modes, backward modes, a quasi-TEM mode, and waveguide-type modes in a magneto-plasma filled coaxial structure. Dispersion curves for these different modes are presented. The dependence of the different modes on various plasma parameters is considered.
Using finite element method to calculate capacitance, inductance, characteristic impedance of open microstrip lines

Microstrip transmission lines have received more interest and attention in microwave integrated circuit design. Analysis and electrical characterization of single and coupled microstrip lines have been a major focus for researchers in integrated circuit technology. In this article, we will illustrate modeling of the capacitance, inductance, and characteristic impedance of quasi-TEM for open microstrip lines using finite element method with COMSOL multiphysics package. In this work, we determine the capacitance per unit length, inductance per unit length, and characteristic impedance of open microstrip lines (single-strip, double strip, and three-strip). We compare our results with those obtained by other methods and found them to be in agreement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 611–614, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23164
Analysis and interpretation of Cassini Titan radar altimeter echoes

Abstract The Cassini spacecraft has acquired 25 radar altimeter elevation profiles along Titan's surface as of April 2008, and we have analyzed 18 of these for which there are currently reconstructed ephemeris data. Altimeter measurements were collected at spatial footprint sizes from 6–60 km along ground tracks of length 400–3600 km. The elevation profiles yield topographic information at this resolution with a statistical height accuracy of 35–50 m and kilometer-scale errors several times greater. The data exhibit significant variations in terrain, from flat regions with little topographic expression to very rugged Titanscapes. The bandwidth of the transmitted waveform admits vertical resolution of the terrain height to 35 m at each observed location on the surface. Variations in antenna pointing and changes in surface statistics cause the range-compressed radar echoes to exhibit strong systematic and time-variable biases of hundreds of meters in delay. It is necessary to correct the received echoes for these changes, and we have derived correction algorithms such that the derived echo profiles are accurate at the 100 m level for off-nadir pointing errors of 0.3° and 0.6°, for leading edge and echo centroid estimators, respectively. The leading edge of the echo yields the elevation of the highest points on the surface, which we take to be the peaks of any terrain variation. The mean value of the echo delay is more representative of the mean elevation, so that the difference of these values gives an estimate of any local mountain heights. Finding locations where these values diverge indicates higher-relief terrain. Elevation features are readily seen in the height profiles. Several of the passes show mountains of several hundred m altitude, spread over 10's or even 100's of km in spatial extent, so that slopes are very small. Large expanses of sub-100 m topography are commonplace on Titan, so it is rather smooth in many locations. Other areas exhibit more relief, although the overall observed variation in surface height on any pass is less than about 1 km. Some elevation features correspond to observed changes in brightness in Cassini infrared images, but many do not. Correspondence between the imaging SAR ground tracks and the altimeter paths is limited, so that identifying elevation changes with higher resolution SAR features is premature at present.
Phase behavior of blends of aliphatic polyesters with a vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer

A series of aliphatic polyesters having CH2/COO ratios from 2 to 14 in their repeat units were blended with a copolymer of vinylidene chloride containing 13.5% by weight of vinyl chloride. Blends of polyesters having CH2/COO < 4 did not form completely miscible amorphous phases, whereas polyesters having CH2/COO ≥ 4 did form completely homogeneous amorphous phases for all temperatures below the decomposition point except for the polyester with CH2/COO = 14 which showed reversible phase separation on heating, i.e., lower critical solution temperature behavior. Interaction parameters were estimated by melting point depression and by analog calorimetry. The behavior reported here is qualitatively similar to that reported earlier for blends of aliphatic polyesters with poly(vinyl chloride), polyepichlorohydrin, polycarbonate, styrene–allyl alcohol copolymers, and the hydroxy ether of bisphenol A.
An accurate conservative level set/ghost fluid method for simulating turbulent atomization

This paper presents a novel methodology for simulating incompressible two-phase flows by combining an improved version of the conservative level set technique introduced in [E. Olsson, G. Kreiss, A conservative level set method for two phase flow, J. Comput. Phys. 210 (2005) 225-246] with a ghost fluid approach. By employing a hyperbolic tangent level set function that is transported and re-initialized using fully conservative numerical schemes, mass conservation issues that are known to affect level set methods are greatly reduced. In order to improve the accuracy of the conservative level set method, high order numerical schemes are used. The overall robustness of the numerical approach is increased by computing the interface normals from a signed distance function reconstructed from the hyperbolic tangent level set by a fast marching method. The convergence of the curvature calculation is ensured by using a least squares reconstruction. The ghost fluid technique provides a way of handling the interfacial forces and large density jumps associated with two-phase flows with good accuracy, while avoiding artificial spreading of the interface. Since the proposed approach relies on partial differential equations, its implementation is straightforward in all coordinate systems, and it benefits from high parallel efficiency. The robustness and efficiency of the approach is further improved by using implicit schemes for the interface transport and re-initialization equations, as well as for the momentum solver. The performance of the method is assessed through both classical level set transport tests and simple two-phase flow examples including topology changes. It is then applied to simulate turbulent atomization of a liquid Diesel jet at Re=3000. The conservation errors associated with the accurate conservative level set technique are shown to remain small even for this complex case.
Application of Thermal Analysis to the Characterization of Organic Aerosol Particles

Abstract A number of Los Angeles aerosol samples, collected on quartz filters, were analyzed by thermal (effluent gas) analysis. The method involves heating the sample at a predetermined termperature rate in oxygen. The evolved gases are passed over a copper oxide catalyst to assure their complete conversion to carbon dioxide, which is detected by a nondispersive infrared carbon dioxide analyzer. The output of the analysis is a thermogram, i.e., a CO 2 versus temperature plot. The thermograms of ambient samples show distinctive peaks that correspond to the volatilization, decomposition and combustion of different carbonaceous materials, such as volatile organics, higher molecular weight organic species, elemental carbon, and carbonates. The features of the thermograms are distinctly different for aged aerosols than for fresh source-dominated particles. Also, at the receptor site there are substantial differences between daytime and nighttime samples. Based on these results, aided by results on solvent treated samples, an empirical approach to differentiate primary and secondary organics will be described.
Hydrocarbon‐generation‐induced microcracking of source rocks

Laboratory measurements of ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy in kerogen-rich black shales of varying maturity suggest that extensive, bedding-parallel microcracks exist in situ in most mature source rocks undergoing the major stage of hydrocarbon generation and migration. Given the normal faulting regime with the vertical stress being the maximum principal stress typical of most sedimentary basins, this microcrack alignment cannot be accounted for using simplified fracture mechanics concepts. This subhorizontal microcrack alignment is consistent with (1) a model of local principal stress rotation and deviatoric stress reduction within an overpressured formation undergoing hydrocarbon generation, and with (2) a strong mechanical strength anisotropy of kerogen-rich shales caused by bedding-parallel alignment of kerogen microlayers. Microcracks originate within kerogen or at kerogen-illite interfaces when pore pressure exceeds the bedding-normal total stress by only a few MPa due to the extremely low-fracture toughness of organic matter. P-wave and, especially, S-wave anisotropy of the most mature black shales, measured as a function of confining pressure, indicate the effective closure pressure of these microcracks in the range from 10 to 25 MPa. Estimates of pore pressure cycles in the matrix of the active hydrocarbon-generating/expelling part of the source rock formation show that microcracks can be maintained openmore » over the sequence of these cycles and hence be detectable via high-resolution in-situ sonic/seismic studies.« less
Effect of magnesium fertilization on yield and leaf composition of tomato plants

Abstract Tomato plants were grown for 2 years at 4 different rates of Mg fertilization on a Princeton loamy sand at pH 4.8 with 29 kg exchangeable Mg/ha. Calcareous limestone was used to provide a pH treatment in the second year. Magnesium deficiency symptoms were observed on plants grown on plots having ≤ 38 kg/ha NH4OAC‐extractable Mg. Application of 56 kg Mg/ha corrected Mg deficiency and produced a significant increase in yield. Application of calcitic limestone also produced significant yield increases, but did not affect the development of Mg deficiency symptoms. Tomato yield was increased 27.9% by Mg application and 17.7% by lime application. Highest tomato yield was obtained with application of 112 kg Mg/ha. Symptoms of Mg deficiency were observed when the Mg concentration in recently mature leaf tissue was in the 0.30 to 0.32% range. Magnesium concentration in leaf tissue increased linearly with increasing Mg rate. Leaf Mg concentration at various growth stages of the tomato plant was variable de...
The SMAART Scale: A Measure of Individuals’ Automatic Access to Secondary Meanings in Polysemous Statements

Psycholinguistic and neuropsychological research shows that individuals differ in their ability to access the multiple meanings implied by polysemous expressions. Drawing on these studies, a novel, computer-based measure of automatic access to secondary meaning (SMAART) is developed to distinguish individuals more likely to access only a single, immediately available meaning from those accessing multiple meanings. The new measure is found to be reliable and distinct from several established measures assessing higher level verbal abilities such as the verbal SAT. Several experimental studies demonstrate the scale's usefulness for predicting who is most susceptible to the priming effects of the secondary meanings contained in the polysemous headlines in consumer-oriented communications.
Beam analysis system for Texas A&M K500 cyclotron

Abstract A beam analysis system has been designed to provide a dispersion of 19.3 cm per % ΔP P with an ultimate aberration limited resolution of ΔE E up to 1 2500 for the full emittance of beams from the Texas A&M K500 cyclotron. Both dispersion matched and slit limited solutions for beam delivered to the MDM spectrometer were obtained. A total of 175 degrees of bend, in opposite direction 88 and 87 degree segments, is used with an intermediate focus between the segments. The first half may be used as a lower resolution analysis system with the second half serving to remove slit scattered particles so that a very clean beam can be transported to the MDM spectrometer for zero degree inelastic scattering measurements. The system is designed to use seven small inexpensive n = 0 dipoles with eight quadrupoles to provide focusing. Techniques for tuning are developed and the stability of the solutions with small changes in focusing are explored.
Effect of hRAD51 dominant negative mutant expression in a glioblastoma model system: altered sensitivity to ionizing radiation

Purpose/Objective: A dominant negative mutant of hRAD51 was created to test the hypothesis that the protein is involved in repair of double-strand (ds) DNA breaks caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. Highly radiation resistant human cell lines derived from glioblastoma multiforme tumors were used as a model system to determine baseline hRAD51 activity and the effects of expression of a dominant negative mutant.
Uniform convergence of Fourier---Jacobi series

Necessary and sufficient conditions which imply the uniform convergence of the Fourier-Jacobi series of a continuous function are obtained under an assumption that the Fourier-Jacobi series is convergent at the end points of the segment of orthogonality [-1,1]. The conditions are in terms of the modulus of continuity, Λ-variation, and the modulus of variation of a function.
In Vivo Bioluminescence Tumor Imaging of RGD Peptide-modified Adenoviral Vector Encoding Firefly Luciferase Reporter Gene

Purpose The goal of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of chemically modified human adenovirus (Ad) vectors for tumor retargeting.
Impact of sulfur on model palladium-only catalysts under simulated three-way operation

Abstract Three catalysts consisting of palladium supported on Al2O3, 5% CeO2/Al2O3, and 8.6% La2O3/Al2O3 were characterized for three-way catalytic performance using a laboratory reactor designed to simulate the operation of the catalyst in a vehicle. Different concentrations of SO2 were used in the feedstream to evaluate the magnitude and reversibility of the impact of sulfur on three-way activity. Both lightoff and warmed-up activities of all of the catalyst formulations were significantly decreased when sulfur was present in a cycled, stoichiometric feedstream. The magnitude of the impact on activity increased with increasing sulfur content. The lightoff activity also decreased with increasing sulfur content, following a similar trend as with the warmed-up activity. For all three catalyst formulations, the increase in the lightoff temperature due to the addition of 30 ppm SO2 to the feedstream was about the same as the increase in the lightoff temperature due to the effect of relatively severe thermal aging. Although the addition of base metal oxides to the catalyst resulted in an apparent improvement in activity compared to Pd/Al2O3 alone, the improvement attributable to cerium was completely canceled when SO2 was added to the feedstream, while the improvement attributable to lanthanum was partially canceled when SO2 was added. During isothermal tests at 500°C, the aged catalysts recovered only part of their lost activity when sulfur was removed from the feedstream. Exposure to a rich or cycled stoichiometric environment at or above 700°C was required to obtain the original activity of these aged catalysts.
Diffusion Models for Transient Releases.

Abstract Plume models were developed to predict the concentration due to a nonbuoyant release from a source whose strength decreases exponentially with time of a pollutant that reacts in the atmosphere at a first-order rate. Models were developed that combined the conventional Gaussian plume with one of three different one-dimensional models to describe advection and dispersion in the downwind direction: advection without downwind dispersion, advection and dispersion by a Fickian puff, and advection and dispersion by a puff of constant size. In addition to these one-dimensional dispersion models, a model based on three-dimensional Fickian pulls was also developed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF‐CONTROL AND LANGUAGE: EVIDENCE OF A SHARED ETIOLOGICAL PATHWAY*

Converging lines of research suggest that self-control and language may be inextricably linked. No empirical research has ever examined this proposition, however. We address this gap in the literature by analyzing a sample of twin pairs from a nationally representative data set of children. The results revealed three broad findings. First, diminished language skills were predictive of low self-control both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Second, the covariation between language and self-control was linked to both genetic and environmental factors. Third, after controlling for genetic influences on self-control, language skills were predictive of variation in individual levels of self-control. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
The effect of training dose on discrimination of compound drug-exteroceptive stimuli.

Rats were trained to discriminate between two compound stimulus arrays that included exteroceptive (ES) and interoceptive (IS) stimulus components. The ES components were illumination and tactile cues, and the IS components were produced by d-amphetamine (A) or Na pentobarbital (P) treatment (drug versus drug discrimination). The relative ES-IS strength was then determined by testing with “mismatched” stimulus arrays consisting of combinations of ES and IS components that had not been presented simultaneously during training. Additional tests were done with ES only (no drug treatments). At training doses of 0.8 mg/kg A versus 10 mg/kg P, the ES were less salient than, but did share stimulus control with, the stronger IS components. In a second group, trained with lower doses (0.5 mg/kg A versus 4 mg/kg P), the ES were much more salient than the IS, although again, both types of stimuli did acquire some control. This dose-related sharing of stimulus control between ES and IS components is similar to relationships among components of compound arrays consisting entirely of ES, and thus further illustrates similarity between drug-produced and exteroceptive stimuli.
Learning design patterns with bayesian grammar induction

Design patterns have proven useful in many creative fields, providing content creators with archetypal, reusable guidelines to leverage in projects. Creating such patterns, however, is a time-consuming, manual process, typically relegated to a few experts in any given domain. In this paper, we describe an algorithmic method for learning design patterns directly from data using techniques from natural language processing and structured concept learning. Given a set of labeled, hierarchical designs as input, we induce a probabilistic formal grammar over these exemplars. Once learned, this grammar encodes a set of generative rules for the class of designs, which can be sampled to synthesize novel artifacts. We demonstrate the method on geometric models and Web pages, and discuss how the learned patterns can drive new interaction mechanisms for content creators.
Protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylate the beta subunit of the purified gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor.

Abstract A number of recent studies have suggested that phosphorylation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor could modulate receptor function. Activators of protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase have been shown to influence GABAA receptor function. In addition, Sweetnam et al. [Sweetnam, P. M., Lloyd, J., Gallombardo, P., Malison, R. T., Gallager, D. W., Tallman, J. F. & Nestler, E. J. (1988) J. Neurochem. 51, 1274-1284] have reported that a kinase associated with a partially purified preparation of the receptor could phosphorylate the alpha subunit of the receptor. Moreover, Kirkness et al. [Kirkness, E. F., Bovenkerk, C. F., Ueda, T. & Turner, A. J. (1989) Biochem. J. 259, 613-616] have recently shown that cAMP-dependent protein kinase could phosphorylate a muscimol binding polypeptide of the GABAA receptor. To explore the issue further, we have examined the ability of specific kinases to catalyze significant phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor that has been purified to near homogeneity. The GABAA receptor was purified as previously described using benzodiazepine affinity chromatography. The purified receptor possessed no detectable kinase activity. Protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed the phosphorylation of the beta and alpha subunits of the receptor. However, most of the phosphate incorporation was associated with the beta subunit. Two muscimol binding polypeptides designated beta 58 (Mr 58,000) and beta 56 (Mr 56,000) were present in the preparation. The higher molecular weight polypeptide, beta 58, was phosphorylated specifically by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. beta 56 was phosphorylated specifically by protein kinase C. beta 58 and beta 56 gave distinct patterns in a one-dimensional phosphopeptide analysis. The stoichiometry of phosphorylation (mol of phosphate/mol of muscimol binding) catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase was 0.52 and that catalyzed by protein kinase C was 0.38. Taken together these data confirm that there are two forms of the beta subunit of the GABAA receptor and suggest that these two forms of the beta subunit are phosphorylated by distinct kinases.
Zero-bias offsets in the low-temperature dark current of quantum-well infrared photodetectors

Quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have potential applicability in many remote-sensing applications, even in the space environment where low background fluxes are involved. In this environment, the detector arrays may need to be operated at temperatures lower than 77 K. At these temperatures, tunneling mechanisms such as Fowler-Nordheim and trap-assisted tunneling could dominate the dark current. The device resistance, which is bias-dependent, increases by several orders of magnitude at these temperatures and may pose a problem. We have seen offsets in the current-versus-voltage (I-V) characteristics (nonzero current at zero bias not associated with dopant migration) which could impair the compatibility of a QWIP array with a readout circuit. We propose that these offsets are due to an RC time- constant effect. We further propose that the resistance in this time constant is due to tunneling mechanisms (and not due to contact resistance), which in turn are structure- and bias-dependent. We discuss our observations and present a circuit model of a QWIP that explains these observations nearly completely.
Recurrent idiopathic lateral rectus muscle palsy in adults

Recurrent, unilateral, isolated, idiopathic lateral rectus muscle palsy is an uncommon but well-recognized disorder in children that has not been recognized as well in other age groups. We studied five cases of this uncommon entity that we encountered in adults and adolescents. Ages at onset ranged from 15 to 72 years and there were three to eight episodes per patient. Most of the patients shared the following features with the previously reported pediatric cases: ipsilateral recurrence, lack of pain, spontaneous recovery within six months, and no clear cause. Unlike the children, females or left-eye involvement was not preponderant in adults.
Factors affecting mercury speciation in a 100-MW coal-fired boiler with LOW-NOx burners

The Western Kentucky University mobile laboratory for monitoring mercury emissions measured the mercury levels in a 100-MW boiler with wall-fired low-NOx burners. Mercury emissions were monitored w...
Syntactical Aspects of Negation in Syriac

This paper aims to present an analysis of the system of negation in Early Classical Syriac. According to the analysis suggested here, Syriac uses different negation morphemes for different types of predicates and for different types of syntactical structures. The morpheme la negates predicates whose person component is inside them, called inherent predicates. The morpheme la hwa negates predicates which need an external mark of person in order to constitute nexus (the connection between the subject and the predicate), called non-inherent predicates. The morphemes la b wa and law form negative cleft sentences in sentences with both predicates. The position of 'it and its negations in this system will also be discussed. The system of negation morphemes and syntagms will be shown to exhibit clearly the differences between the two types of predicates, much more than their affirmative counterparts.
Value of module efficiency in real operating conditions for low energy cost PV systems

Reduced energy cost is essential for photovoltaics (PV) to be adopted as one of the major electricity sources for terrestrial applications. It is quantitatively proved in this work that PV module efficiency is a critical factor in achieving low cost solar electricity. Especially, for concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) to be competitive with flat plate PV, its module efficiency must be greater than 30% even if the tracker price can be cut by 50%. After recognizing the significance of CPV module efficiency, the efficiency losses in a currently existing high concentration (high-X) CPV module are analyzed under real operating conditions. Based on the understanding of the efficiency loss mechanisms, potential solutions are proposed.
Relational maintenance and inclusion of the other in the self: Measure development and dyadic test of a self-expansion theory approach.

This article reports a series of two studies that develop and validate a measure of relational maintenance behavior informed by self-expansion theory. The first study evaluated an initial item pool, identified 11 dimensions of maintenance behavior, and established concurrent/divergent validity with theoretically related constructs. The second study further tested the instrument in a sample of 123 romantic dyads, demonstrating that inclusion of the other in the self (Aron, Mashek, & Aron, 2004) predicts frequency of maintenance behavior in a communally oriented fashion. Additional analysis identified four maintenance dimensions corresponding to dimensions of self-other inclusion in self-expansion theory. These results commend self-expansion theory as a promising direction for future maintenance research and offer a maintenance measure for theoretical development and practical application.
WPES 2015: The 14th Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society

We present a brief summary of The 14th Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, held on October 12th, 2015, in conjunction with the 22nd ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in Denver, Colorado, USA. The goal of this workshop is to discuss the problems of privacy in the global interconnected societies and possible solutions to them. The workshop program includes 11 full papers and 3 short papers out of 32 total submissions. Specific areas that are covered in the program include, but are not limited to: web and social network privacy, mobile and location privacy, communications privacy, and privacy-preserving data analysis.
Pseudo Almost Periodic Solutions to a Class of Semilinear Differential Equations

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solutions to a class of semilinear differential equations involving the algebraic sum of two (possibly noncommuting) densely defined closed linear operators acting on a Hilbert space. Sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solutions to those semilinear equations are obtained.
Reproduction, Longevity, and Flight of Cabbage Looper Moths Treated Topically with Tepa

Male and female Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) were completely sterilized when about 85 or 125 μg per moth of tepa, respectively, were applied at the junction of the thorax and the 1st abdominal segment. Sterility was induced also by applications of tepa to the tarsi of both sexes. When moths were treated with concentrations of tepa calculated to induce 30, 50, 70, 90, or 100% sterility in both sexes, flight characteristics were not affected, based on data obtained on a flight mill for 24 hr, but the degree of sterility was reduced when the moths were put in flight immediately after treatment. (SD50 values increased 1.6 and 1.4 times for females and males, respectively.)
Evaluation of Daptomycin Non-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus for Stability, Population Profiles, mprF Mutations, and Daptomycin Activity

Introduction Despite studies examining daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS) Staphylococcus aureus, examination of the stability and population profiles is limited. The objective was to evaluate the stability, population profiles, and daptomycin activity against DNS isolates.
A critical assessment of truth functional modification and its use in approximate reasoning

Abstract We examine the inconsistencies in the current notion of fuzzy truth values and show how these have arisen from an attempt to equate two separate concepts. We argue that any approximate reasoning system based on truth functional modification is redundnat and inefficient.
Once upon a time in Hong Kong: The construction of community as collective agency

Tsui Hark's Once Upon a Time in China series (e.g., Tsui, 1998, 2001) reconstructs a pivotal period from China's past in order to cultivate a sense of community. This rhetorical construction of an imagined community served to allay concerns over the prospective unification of Hong Kong with mainland China, but the film endures as an influential evocation of collective agency. China's territorial dismemberment by colonial powers provides an important subtext of the film. The protagonist of the series, Wong Feihung, struggles to balance Confucian traditions, national authority, and Western technological advances. Wong personifies important communal values, and studying the film as a political allegory reveals how Tsui Hark disrupts nationalism in the process of reconstructing a sense of community that can serve both Hong Kong and China.
Handheld, Wireless Computers: Can They Improve Learning and Instruction?

SUMMARY. Reports show that handheld, wireless computers, once used by business professionals to keep track of appointments, contacts, e-mail, and the Internet, have found their way into classrooms and schools across the United States. However, there has not been much systematic research to investigate the effects of these new technology tools on student attitude and learning outcomes, nor has there been much research evidencing that handheld, wireless computers can improve student engagement in the learning process. The purpose of this paper is to use the literature on principles of learning and instruction to develop an
Energy dependence of isospin mixing matrix elements

Recently published values for the isospin mixing width at energies of 17 to 22 MeV in the nucleus $^{69}\mathrm{Ga}$ are used to infer values for the isospin mixing matrix elements. It is found that these are much smaller in magnitude than those deduced at much lower energies from $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay measurements.
Reconstitution of some biochemical and toxicological effects of commercial mixtures of polybrominated biphenyls.

Abstract Male rats were administered a single ip injection (90 mg/kg) of Firemaster FF-1, Firemaster BP-6, or a reconstituted mixture formulated to resemble Firemaster BP-6 to see if the pure congeners account for the toxicity of Firemaster. The reconstituted mixture was composed of nine purified congeners, totalling nearly 97% of either Firemaster mixture. The treatments were compared for their effects on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes, body weight gain, and on the weights of selected organs one week after treatment. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, and epoxide hydrase, typically induced by phenobarbital, were similarly induced by all mixtures. The content of cytochrome P-450 hemoproteins was nearly quadrupled by all treatments: however, the absorption maxima of the difference spectra were shifted more by Firemaster BP-6 and the reconstituted mixture than by Firemaster FF-1. In agreement with this observation, Firemaster BP-6 and the reconstituted mixture also more significantly increased the cytochrome P450 ethyl isocyanide 455:430 nm difference spectral ratio, and the activities of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase, and p -nitrophenol-UDP-glucuronyltransferase, all of which are typically induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. Effects on body weight gains were similar for all treatments and although less than control they were not statistically different. Only the thymic weights of animals treated with the reconstituted mixture were significantly less than controls. Therefore, it may be concluded that these effects of Firemaster (FF-1 or BP-6) must be due to the effects of the congeners studied, and that no other component in these mixtures, a brominated biphenyl or otherwise, may significantly contribute to these effects.
Porosity corrections for smectite-rich sediments: Impact on studies of compaction, fluid generation, and tectonic history

Porosity is a fundamental parameter that must be correctly determined in order to relate physical property, hydrologic, and chemical flux studies to natural systems. Traditional porosity determinations generated from physical property or seismic data can greatly overestimate the true porosity of sediments in which hydrated minerals such as smectite are abundant. To produce a true porosity distribution such data must be corrected to account for the H 2 O residing in smectite interlayers which can make up to 25% of the total hydrated mineral mass. Such H 2 O is easily removed from the mineral by oven drying and/or exposure to low humidities. Standard physical property measurements can be corrected, provided the weight percent smectite in the sediment is known and the interlayer H 2 O content of the mineral can be estimated. We illustrate the significant consequences of this correction by comparing profiles of reported and corrected porosities for smectite-rich Barbados abyssal plain and accretionary wedge sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 110, Sites 671 and 672.
The expression of viral functions is necessary for recombination of a herpesvirus (pseudorabies)

To determine whether viral functions are necessary for recombination of the pseudorabies virus genome in infected cells, we have used as a model system marker rescue at the permissive temperature (PT) and nonpermissive temperature (NPT) of a temperature sensitive mutant (tsG1) deficient in the immediate-early (180K) protein. Two restriction fragments, both of which can rescue tsG1 at the PT but only one of which encompasses the whole immediate-early gene and can complement tsG1, were compared for their ability to rescue the mutant at the NPT. Although both restriction fragments rescued the mutant with equal frequency at the PT, only the fragment which could express the immediate-early 180K protein prior to recombination, i.e. could complement tsG1, rescued the mutant at the NPT. We conclude that the expression of viral functions is necessary for high frequency recombination of the pseudorabies virus genome.
Choroidal melanoma metastatic to the contralateral choroid.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report metastasis of choroidal melanoma to the contralateral choroid. METHODS: Interventional case report. In a 49-year-old Caucasian female, a primary choroidal melanoma, left eye, was diagnosed and treated with Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy. The choroidal melanoma showed excellent regression with flattening of the mass and adjacent chorioretinal atrophy. RESULTS: Fifteen years after brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma, left eye, the patient developed a metastatic melanoma to the contralateral choroid as the first sign of metastasis. No history of oculo(dermal) melanocytosis or cutaneous melanoma existed. Systemic evaluation disclosed multiple metastases confined to the liver. CONCLUSION: Metastasis to the contralateral choroid can be the first sign of metastasis from choroidal melanoma.
Fast measurements of flow through mitral regurgitant orifices with magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping.

Magnetic-resonance (MR) phase velocity mapping (PVM) shows promise in measuring the mitral regurgitant volume. However, in its conventional nonsegmented form, MR-PVM is slow and impractical for clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of rapid, segmented k-spaceMR-PVM in quantifying the mitral regurgitant flow through a control volume (CV) method. Two segmented MR-PVM schemes, one with seven (seg-7) and one with nine (seg-9) lines per segment, were evaluated in acrylic regurgitant mitral valve models under steady and pulsatile flow. A nonsegmented (nonseg) MR-PVM acquisition was also performed for reference. The segmented acquisitions were considerably faster ( 45 min). The regurgitant flow rates and volumes measured with segmented MR-PVM agreed closely with those measured with nonsegmented MR-PVM (differences 0.05), when the CV was large enough to exclude the region of flow acceleration and aliasing from its boundaries. The regurgitant orifice shape (circular vs. slit-like) and the presence of aortic outflow did not significantly affect the accuracy of the results under both steady and pulsatile flow (p>0.05). This study shows that segmented k-space MR-PVM canaccurately quantify the flow through regurgitant orifices using the CV method and demonstrates great clinical potential.