cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Performance of Scale-Model Turbofan Outlet Guide Vanes Designed for Low Noise

The design of effective new technologies to reduce aircraft propulsion noise is dependent on an understanding of the noise sources and noise generation mechanisms in the modern turbofan engine. In order to more fully understand the physics of noise in a turbofan engine, a comprehensive aeroacoustic wind tunnel test programs was conducted called the 'Source Diagnostic Test.' The text was cooperative effort between NASA and General Electric Aircraft Engines, as part of the NASA Advanced Subsonic Technology Noise Reduction Program. A 1/5-scale model simulator representing the bypass stage of a current technology high bypass ratio turbofan engine was used in the test. The test article consisted of the bypass fan and outlet guide vanes in a flight-type nacelle. The fan used was a medium pressure ratio design with 22 individual, wide chord blades. Three outlet guide vane design configurations were investigated, representing a 54-vane radial Baseline configuration, a 26-vane radial, wide chord Low Count configuration and a 26-vane, wide chord Low Noise configuration with 30 deg of aft sweep. The test was conducted in the NASA Glenn Research Center 9 by 15-Foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel at velocities simulating the takeoff and approach phases of the aircraft flight envelope. The Source Diagnostic Test had several acoustic and aerodynamic technical objectives: (1) establish the performance of a scale model fan selected to represent the current technology turbofan product; (2) assess the performance of the fan stage with each of the three distinct outlet guide vane designs; (3) determine the effect of the outlet guide vane configuration on the fan baseline performance; and (4) conduct detailed flowfield diagnostic surveys, both acoustic and aerodynamic, to characterize and understand the noise generation mechanisms in a turbofan engine. This paper addresses the fan and stage aerodynamic performance results from the Source Diagnostic Test.
Sensor fusion for synthetic vision

Display methodologies are explored for fusing images gathered by millimeter wave sensors with images rendered from an on-board terrain data base to facilitate visually guided flight and ground operations in low visibility conditions. An approach to fusion based on multiresolution image representation and processing is described which facilitates fusion of images differing in resolution within and between images. To investigate possible fusion methods, a workstation-based simulation environment is being developed.
Self-Determination and Individuals with Severe Disabilities: Re-examining Meanings and Misinterpretations.

Although some progress has been made, the belief that students with severe cognitive and multiple disabilities will not or cannot become self-determined remains a barrier for many such students. Th...
Blind equalization based on joint minimum MSE criterion

A joint minimum mean square error (MSE) criterion is presented for blind adaptive channel equalization of QAM signals. By jointly estimating the transmitted sequence and the equalizer parameters through the minimization of MSE, the equalizer parameters can be optimized and the channel input sequence can be restored at the equalizer output. To improve computational efficiency, a reduced constellation recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is introduced for blind equalisation. Simulation results show the success of both the least square and the reduced constellation RLS algorithms. >
Psychologic aspects of prosthodontic treatment for geriatric patients

Abstract In summary, the orofacial region is essential to the quality of life and must be reemphasized for the geriatric patient. The extent to which the face and mouth have provided satisfaction of basic biologic and social needs in the past will determine their significance to the quality of life. Such oral contributions to self-fulfillment include the continuation of musical abilities such as singing or playing an instrument, and, of course, the expression of love. The extent to which the face and mouth have provided satisfaction of basic biologic and social needs in the past will also determine the significance of the changes in the orofacial areas to the aging person. Although it is not absolutely necessary for digestion of food, a properly functioning dentition will provide greater opportunity for variation in diet and appreciation of food. Equally important is the influence of appearance and function of the orofacial areas on socialization, communication skills, and interpersonal relations. 24 Sometimes, for example, the dentist may decide that the preservation of esthetics and improvement of self-image are more important than preserving the natural dentition. Finally, dentists must apply their humanity, training, experience, and clinical judgment in evaluating the biosocial history of each individual patient; this treatment must include consideration of the patient's needs and expectations of treatment outcome. Dentists, with their extensive training and experience in the biosocial and technical aspects of clinical practice, can provide this essential service to the geriatric patient requiring prosthodontic care.
TH‐C‐201C‐11: Volume Rendering of Dosimetric Distribution and Biological Response from 3D/4D Treatment and Delivery

Purpose: To implement a real‐time volume rendering engine capable of combining and visualizing 3D and 4D radiotherapy‐specific quantities e.g. dose standard deviation and tumor survival probability. Methods and Materials: Our work employs a novel implementation of GPU volume rendering. Built upon custom visualization functions called shaders our approach is more flexible than existing ones allowing for computation and visualization of radiation‐specific quantities directly in the Tenderer. In our framework shaders are fully exposed to the user and can be written without GPU programming expertise. The shader is simply a piece of code that describes what happens along a given ray and can be used to combine anatomy with radiotherapy‐specific quantities computed on the fly. We present examples of this framework applied to radiotherapyvisualization tasks. Results: Visualization of dosimetric data is performed on thoracic and head and neck treatment sites with the dose shown as a colormap on the CT volume both for a 3D (static) and 4D (dynamic) view. Interactive visualization including rotation translation cut‐plane selection and thresholding of anatomy is possible. For a lungcancer case we deform the 4D dose data into a single reference phase and visualize the mean and the standard deviation of the dose showing regions of high dose variability over the respiratory cycle. Tumor cell survival probability is also calculated directly in the shader and visualized. The impact of the heterogenous dose distribution from the IMRT treatment is clearly observed in the early stages of treatment (5 fractions) while late treatment (10 fractions or more) indicates negligible cell survival. Conclusion: We propose a flexible volume rendering framework controlled by custom visualization functions called shaders and illustrate the capabilities of the approach by visualization of combined CT dosimetry and biological tumor control data.
Electron localization in dense helium gas: New experimental results

New experimental results on the transport behavior of electrons in dense helium gas at liquid-helium temperatures are presented. These include accurate measurements of the initial deviation of the mobility from the classical Boltzmann behavior as the density is increased and a complete characterization of the hotelectron behavior through the localization transition. The initial deviations at these temperatures are found to be of the same form as those observed in previous high-temperature studies, and a universal relationship is proposed. Contrary to an assumption that has often been made, there appears to be no reason to consider the initial deviation and the localization transition as distinct phenomena. A comparison with the percolation model of Eggarter and Cohen yields surprisingly good agreement over the whole range of densities and temperature. The role played by the helium-gas problem in the field of disordered materials is discussed, and possibilities for further theoretical progress are pointed out.
Conductivity and Mobility of Thin Lead Films

From measurements of electric conductivity made on thin films of Pb obtained by condensing the metal on cooled glass surfaces at rates from 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ to 100\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ atoms ${\mathrm{sec}.}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ under high vacuum conditions designed to eliminate contamination, the following results are obtained: The critical film thickness (${d}_{c}$) at which the (specific) conductivity ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) begins changing rapidly from its low value ($\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ mho\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) in the thinnest films to that of the bulk metal (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}$, $\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{6}$ mho\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) is in the neighborhood of 60A for room temperature films, and of 30A for films cooled with liquid air. The mutual configuration of the condensed Pb atoms is unstable and changes with time, shown by a decrease observed in the conductivity when the film is isolated from external influences, and in the eventual appearance of a granular structure visible under the ultramicroscope. In some cases a reproducible dependence of the conductivity on the applied potential difference was observed. These effects are in harmony with the mechanism expected from considerations of the thermodynamic stability of such films, i.e., with a tendency toward aggregation resulting in the removal of mobile atoms into crystallization centers, and thus in formation of gaps which obstruct the conduction electrons. Certain deficiencies in quantitative reproducibility are ascribed to variations in the physical surface conditions on the plate where the film is condensed, presumably affecting the mobility of the layers condensed first.
Improved methods for separation of wheat endosperm proteins and analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Fractionation of seed proteins has been a significant area of interest and activity, since Osborne (1924) introduced his solubility fractionation methods. In particular, the fractionation of wheat endosperm proteins has presented numerous challenges, because of their unique solubilities. Recently, we combined solubility fractionation and 2-DE protein analysis methods that taken separately may not seem unusual, but together resulted in an approach enabling us to identify a number of thioredoxin target proteins in wheat endosperm (Wong et al., 2003, 2004). Proteins are recovered from the various fractions by precipitation with methanol or acetone. A finding of interest to cereal scientists is that SDS can be used to solubilize the gluten proteins and, following acetone precipitation, the recovered proteins can be further characterized by IEF, HPLC, and mass spectroscopy. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Butte 86’) was grown in a climate-controlled greenhouse as described previously (Wong et al., 2003). Mature grain was tempered and milled to flour with a Brabender Quadrumat Junior (South Hakensack, NJ) using standard procedures at the Western
Examining the Conflict between Smolting and Precocious Male Maturation in Spring (Stream-Type) Chinook Salmon

Abstract Precocious male maturation is a natural life history strategy for spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. During spawning, precocious males employ a “sneaker” strategy to fertilize eggs in competition with full-size anadromous adults. Hatchery rearing practices may increase the incidence of this phenotype beyond its natural levels. Previous research reported high rates (>40%) of precocious male maturation at age 2 (minijacks) in the Yakima River spring Chinook salmon supplementation program in Washington State. Minijack rates in wild populations are believed to be less than 5%. We compiled seasonal profiles for size, condition factor (K), gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, whole-body lipid levels, plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and thyroxine (T4) in minijacks and immature smolts in the hatchery and during out-migration. In the hatchery, minijacks were larger and had higher K, whole-body lipid, plasma 11-KT, and IGF-I levels than smolts. Plasma T4 and g...
Very large spiral galaxies

As a first step in the systematic study of large spirals, which may be useful in cosmological tests and studies of galaxy evolution, a catalog of the 107 largest known spiral galaxies is presented. Catalog galaxies have isophotal diameters greater than 90 kpc, assuming an H(zero) value of 50 km/sec per Mpc. UBVR photoelectric photometry is presented for 20 of these galaxies, and absolute magnitudes are derived for all galaxies in the catalog by transforming Zwicky magnitudes to the B(T) system.
Collision induced predissociation in photoassociated Hg2

Abstract The rate for collision-induced predissociation of the Hg 2 0 + u ( t P t 1 S o )ν = 57 state with atomic mercury is measured to be 5.6 × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 . This rate was obtained by observing the density dependence of quenching of the Hg 2 0 + u → 0 + g fluorescence. The 0 + u state is selectively produced by photoassociation of unbound atom pairs.
A multi-level two-part random effects model, with application to an alcohol-dependence study

Two-part random effects models (J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 2001; 96:730-745; Statist. Methods Med. Res. 2002; 11:341-355) have been applied to longitudinal studies for semi-continuous outcomes, characterized by a large portion of zero values and continuous non-zero (positive) values. Examples include repeated measures of daily drinking records, monthly medical costs, and annual claims of car insurance. However, the question of how to apply such models to multi-level data settings remains. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level two-part random effects model. Distinct random effects are used to characterize heterogeneity at different levels. Maximum likelihood estimation and inference are carried out through Gaussian quadrature technique, which can be implemented conveniently in freely available software-aML. The model is applied to the analysis of repeated measures of the daily drinking record in a randomized controlled trial of topiramate for alcohol-dependence treatment.
Radio sounding in space: magnetosphere and topside ionosphere

Abstract Modern sounding techniques have been developed for the space-borne exploration of Earth's magnetosphere and topside ionosphere. Two new satellite instruments will use the advanced techniques of the ground-based Digisondes. The Radio Plasma Imager (RPI), a low-frequency sounder with 500-m dipole antennas designed to sweep from 3 kHz to 3 MHz, will be part of NASA's IMAGE mission to be launched in February 2000 into an elliptical orbit with an altitude at apogee of 7 R e . While in the magnetospheric cavity, RPI will receive echoes from the magnetopause and the plasmasphere and will measure the direct response of the magnetosphere's configuration to changes in the solar wind. With three orthogonal dipole antennas (two 500-m tip-to-tip antennas in the spin plane used for transmission and reception, one 20-m antenna along the spin axis for reception only) the arrival angle of returning echoes can be determined with high accuracy. The other instrument is the TOPside Automated Sounder (TOPAS), which was originally conceived for the Ukrainian WARNING mission with a launch date in 2001. Using one antenna for transmission and three orthogonal 10-m antennas for reception, TOPAS will be able to determine the arrival angle of ionospheric echoes and their wave polarization. It will then be possible to automatically scale the topside ionograms and calculate the electron density profiles in real time. Operating as a high-frequency radar, TOPAS will for the first time measure topside plasma velocities by tracking the motions of plasma irregularities.
Cold-temperature deformation of nano-sized tungsten and niobium as revealed by in-situ nano-mechanical experiments

We constructed and developed an in-situ cryogenic nanomechanical system to study small-scale mechanical behavior of materials at low temperatures. Uniaxial compression of two body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals, Nb and W, with diameters between 400 and 1300 nm, was studied at room temperature and at 165 K. Experiments were conducted inside of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with a nanomechanical module, with simultaneous cooling of sample and diamond tip. Stress-strain data at 165 K exhibited higher yield strengths and more extensive strain bursts on average, as compared to those at 298 K. We discuss these differences in the framework of nano-sized plasticity and intrinsic lattice resistance. Dislocation dynamics simulations with surface-controlled dislocation multiplication were used to gain insight into size and temperature effects on deformation of nano-sized bcc metals.
Ultrasensitive voltammetric detection of underivatized oligonucleotides and DNA

Electrochemical detection of nucleotides, ssDNA, and dsDNA was accomplished by using sinusoidal voltammetric detection at copper microelectrodes. Generally, detection of these molecules utilizes the electroactive nature of adenine and guanine residues at most electrode surfaces. The detection approach used in this study is based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of sugars and amines at copper surfaces. All nucleotides and DNA molecules comprise a ribose sugar backbone and primary amines present on the different nucleobases. Consequently, the detection approach is universal to all types of nucleotides. As the number of sugar moieties increases with the length of an oligonucleotide, the detection sensitivity is enhanced for bigger oligonucleotides. Irreversible adsorption of these oligonucleotides and other biomacromolecules like dsDNA on the electrode surface was avoided with sinusoidal voltammetry since it is a scanning electrochemical technique. The sensitivity of the detection strategy is, however, stil...
Exploring the Limitations of X-ray Reflectivity as a Critical Dimension Pattern Shape Metrology

Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) can be used, in the limit of the effective medium approximation (EMA), as a highresolution shape metrology for periodic and irregular patterns on a smooth substrate. The EMA defines as that the density of the solid pattern and the space separating the patterns are averaged together. In this limit the density profile as a function of pattern height obtained by SXR can be used to extract quantitative information on the cross-sectional pattern profile. Here we explore the limitations of SXR as a pattern shape metrology by studying diblock copolymer films with irregularly shaped bicontinuous terraces on quantized flat layers alternating with two polymer blocks. We conclude that SXR can be extended to irregular shaped patterns encountered in current electronic devices as long as average lateral length scale is smaller than coherence length of X-ray source. The detailed cross-sectional profiles of irregular patterns are discussed along with atomic force microscope results.
Sex Differences in Effects of Opioid Blockade on Stress-Induced Freezing Behavior

The present experiment examined the effects of naloxone on freezing behavior in male and female rats following stress and no-stress conditions. Twelve male and 12 female Wistar rats were exposed to 10 min of mild, unpredictable footshock stress and to a comparable no-stress condition. Immediately following stress or no-stress conditions, subjects were injected with naloxone or saline, and two independent observers measured freezing behavior. In male rats, naloxone potentiated freezing following stress but had no effect on freezing following no-stress. In females, naloxone did not affect freezing regardless of stress conditions. These results reveal a sex difference in effects of naloxone on freezing behavior and suggest that sex differences may exist with respect to the role of endogenous opioids under stress.
Exploring research possibilities on aging dual‐career families

The author examines, at the microlevel of analysis, the structural sources of strain and coping patterns younger, dual‐career families are likely to experience. This is followed by a discussion of aging spouses in dual‐career families. It is argued that spouses in dual‐career families will encounter problems in meshing their retirement plans and that sociologists need to explore this problem area since the number of dual‐career families is expected to increase dramatically in the next 15–20 years. The author's objectives are twofold: 1) to bring attention to the void in the literature on aging spouses in dual‐career families, and 2) to suggest hypotheses for research.
Subunit Organization of the 26S Proteasome and Structural Basis for Processing of Ubiquitin-Tagged Substrates

In eukaryotic cells, the proteasome degrades unwanted proteins by recognizing specific polyubiquitin tags covalently attached to these proteins. The precise manner in which these ubiquitin chains are recognized and removed from the targeted proteins prior to proteolysis is poorly understood. This is partly due to a lack of structural information on the ubiquitin-recognizing components of the proteasome 19S regulatory particle. Using a recombinant expression system and electron microscopy, we were able to localize all subunits of the yeast 19S particle, and elucidate the spatial arrangement of ubiquitin receptors, deubiquitinating enzymes, and the protein unfolding machinery. Our studies also revealed large conformational rearrangements in the lid subcomplex upon holoenzyme formation, suggesting an allosteric mechanism for activation of its deubiquitination activity. From these studies, we have a much better understanding of the manner in which the 26S recognizes and deubiquitinates proteins marked for proteolysis.
Foreland signature of indenter tectonics: Insights from calcite twinning analysis in the Tennessee salient of the Southern Appalachians, USA

The Tennessee salient in the Southern Appalachian fold-and-thrust belt is defined by a regional variation in strike of ∼55° from southwestern Virginia to northern Georgia. Determination of a primary or secondary origin for the arcuate nature of this part of the belt is the focus of this study. Oriented limestone samples were collected from the thrust belt and the “undeformed” foreland for calcite twinning analysis. Layer-parallel paleostress orientations from 25 sites within the thrust belt reveal a radial pattern that varies systematically along the orogenic front. However, the amount of fanning (∼75°) significantly exceeds the belt9s frontal curvature, indicating that passive rotation of originally parallel paleostress directions, as proposed elsewhere, is unlikely here. In addition, results from 27 foreland sites display a similarly fanned pattern of paleostress directions, collectively showing that a radial stress regime was imparted on rocks along this part of the Appalachian margin by the onset of thrusting. Differential stress values are comparable to previous results, with decreasing σ d values from >100 MPa within the thrust belt to ∼50 MPa at 40 km from the orogenic front, regardless of orientation. Instead of the extent of frontal curvature, fanning of paleostress directions in limestones matches the current indenter geometry of the Blue Ridge to the east. We propose, therefore, that radial paleostress directions were imparted in response to the advancing Blue Ridge thrust sheet, with differential thrust displacement creating (primary) curvature instead of secondary rotation during shortening. This resulted in the present-day geometry of the Tennessee salient, which is supported by basic geometric modeling of a sand wedge. It also explains the previously noted increase in displacement and number of major thrusts near the indenter9s apex. However, this scenario contrasts with buttress-induced, secondary curvature in the Pennsylvania salient to the north in the Appalachian chain, showing that curvature is not explained by a single mechanism in the Appalachian belt.
The Essential Oil of Lippia micromera Schauer in DC. (Verbenaceae)

ABSTRACT The essential oil of Lippia micromera Schauer in DC. is dominated by carvacrol (26.5±1.5%), γ-terpinene (22.5±0.2%) and p-cymene (11.5±0.3%). Oil yield is 0.21±0.05%.
Perception of Animated Node-Link Diagrams for Dynamic Graphs

Effective visualization of dynamic graphs remains an open research topic, and many state-of-the-art tools use animated node-link diagrams for this purpose. Despite its intuitiveness, the effectiveness of animation in node-link diagrams has been questioned, and several empirical studies have shown that animation is not necessarily superior to static visualizations. However, the exact mechanics of perceiving animated node-link diagrams are still unclear. In this paper, we study the impact of different dynamic graph metrics on user perception of the animation. After deriving candidate visual graph metrics, we perform an exploratory user study where participants are asked to reconstruct the event sequence in animated node-link diagrams. Based on these findings, we conduct a second user study where we investigate the most important visual metrics in depth. Our findings show that node speed and target separation are prominent visual metrics to predict the performance of event sequencing tasks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhetoric and timeliness: An analysis of Lyndon b. Johnson's voting rights address

On 15 March 1965, Lyndon B. Johnson spoke before the Congress and the nation to decry “Bloody Sunday"—the violence against civil rights protesters at Selma, Alabama—and to propose his administratio...
Synergistic design of a humanoid hand with hybrid DC motor - SMA array actuators embedded in the palm

A new approach to the design and control of multi-fingered hands using hybrid DC motor - shape memory alloy (SMA) array actuators is presented in this paper. The fundamental design concept is based on the principle of motor control "synergy", a biomechanics terminology of coordinated motion generation. A couple of DC motors are used for driving multiple fingers with a particular velocity distribution over a vast number of finger joints corresponding to the direction of the most significant synergy. Principal component analysis is used for determining the most significant direction and the residual directions. SMA array actuators are used for driving the fingers in the residual directions. Although many actuator axes are needed for spanning the residual space, the required strokes are much shorter than the most significant direction. Compact and high energy-density SMA actuators meet these requirements. The paper presents synergistic integration of these two types of actuators having diverse characteristics. This allows us to embed all the actuators and transmission mechanisms in the palm, eliminating a bundle of tendons crossing over the wrist joints. An initial prototype hand is designed and built.
Laconex: A rule-based implementation to advise on plot-level land conservation in Vilathikulam, Southeastern India

Knowledge about land conservation exists along a spatial continuum, represented at the broadest level (with least depth) by international-level experts who have international-level expertise, and at the narrowest level (with most depth) by the individual farmer with the most site-specific knowledge at the plot level. This continuum covers many different aspects of knowledge about land degradation and its amelioration, including technical and cultural knowledge. This paper reports an effort (one in a series of steps) to gather, formalize, codify, and operationalize knowledge about land conservation from two different levels of the continuum. Land conservation knowledge was elicited from farmers and extension agents in Vilathikulam taluk (an area of contiguous villages) in Tamil Nadu, southeastern India, using semi-structured interviews. The knowledge thus gained was combined with knowledge from the literature on soils and land conservation for the area. This information was organized into factual knowledge and process knowledge, and implemented in the form of general recommendations, constraints, and specific recommendations. The process of arriving at these categories was organized into several steps using a spatial anchor and soil type as keys. These were operationalized in a rule-based computer program (LAnd CONservation EXpert -LACONEX), which offers land conservation advice at the plot level for Vilathikulam taluk, using an expert system development environment.
Timing and Circumstances of First Sex Among Female and Male Youth From Select Urban Areas of Nigeria, Kenya, and Senegal

Purpose To examine the timing and circumstances of first sex among urban female and male youth in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal.
Abrupt intensification of the SW Indian Ocean monsoon during the last deglaciation: constraints from Th, Pa, and He isotopes

Abstract Sediments from western Arabian Sea core 74KL representing the last 23 ka were analyzed for helium, thorium, and protactinium isotopes. Assuming global average fluxes of extraterrestrial 3He and 230Th, the average 3He-derived sediment mass accumulation rate (MAR) is a factor of 1.8 higher than the average 230Th-derived MAR. 3He- and 230Th-derived MARs converge, however, during the Younger Dryas (YD) and during the peak of the early Holocene humid interval. These features, not seen anywhere else in the world, probably reflect a combination of climate-driven changes in the flux of 230Th and 3He. Ratios of xs231Pa/xs230Th, proxies of paleoproductivity, are lowest during the last glacial maximum (LGM), and increase abruptly during the Bolling–Allerod. Later, following a sudden decrease to near-LGM values during the YD, they rise abruptly to maximum values for the entire record in the early Holocene. We hypothesize that low xs231Pa/xs230Th ratios reflect low productivity due to the decreased intensity of the SW monsoon, whereas the opposite is true for high ratios. The correlation between Arabian Sea productivity and monsoonal upwelling, on the one hand, and North Atlantic climate variability, on the other, suggests a linkage between high- and low-latitude climates caused by changing patterns of atmospheric circulation.
Identification of multiple transcripts for antioxidant protein 2 (Aop2): differential regulation by oxidative stress and growth factors.

Antioxidant protein 2 is a unique member of the thiol-specific antioxidant family of proteins known to reduce reactive oxygen species in the presence of thiol-containing electron donors. It is also...
ELAG 2001: report of a library systems seminar on integrating heterogeneous resources

The 25th annual seminar of the European Library Automation Group (ELAG) was held in Prague in June 2001. This report provides an overview of the papers presented, including those describing relevant developments in the Czech Republic, those covering the theme of the seminar (the integration and linking of electronic resources), as well as papers on the functional requirements for bibliographic records (FRBR). Workshops are a key feature of ELAG seminars and the paper also reports on those held during the 2001 meeting.
Transmissible Ileal Hyperplasia

Transmissible ileal hyperplasia (TIH) is a common and devastating infectious disease of young hamsters. It has been described by other names (Table 1) that reflect different clinical and morphological interpretations. Unfortunately, the term “wet-tail” has been applied frequently, but it is non-specific since other gastrointestinal disorders of hamsters cause wet tails (diarrhea).
Learning in a Unidimensional Absolute Identification Task

We tested whether there is long-term learning in the absolute identification of line lengths. Line lengths are unidimensional stimuli, and there is a common belief that learning of these stimuli quickly reaches a low-level asymptote of about seven items and progresses no more. We show that this is not the case. Our participants served in a 1.5-h session each day for over a week. Although they did not achieve perfect performance, they continued to improve day by day throughout the week and eventually learned to distinguish between 12 and 20 line lengths. These results are in contrast to common characterizations of learning in absolute identification tasks with unidimensional stimuli. We suggest that this learning reflects improvement in short-term processing.
Luminescence in coal and its relation to clay minerals

Room-temperature dehydration of aqueous coal slurries, coal extraction residue, or coal ash results in spontaneous luminescence. The phenomenon is characterized by a monotonic decay in photon activity which precedes a sharp rise in photon release. A maximum is reached within several minutes but subsequent decay is slower and photon emission continues for an extended period of time. The magnitude of photon activity is severely limited by the thickness of the strongly absorbing coal slurry. Prior removal of mineral matter from the coal appears to curtail the dehydration-induced phenomena, suggesting that clays or clay-organic interactions are responsible. Data also suggest that air is required as a medium for discharging the excited species. Pioneering work by Coyne et al. (1981a,b, 1984) has demonstrated that luminescence is induced in clay minerals during dehydration at room temperature with mild heating, and with displacement of water by amine solvents. These studies proposed that photon release, which was often observed as a delayed burst of light, was related to stresses generated within the crystal structure of the various clay minerals. This work has investigated the release of photons accompanying the dehydration of aqueous slurries of finely ground coal.
The effects of methamphetamine on core body temperature in the rat—Part 2: an escalating regimen

Rationale Methamphetamine (METH) induces hyperthermia, which is diminished with chronic treatment in a dosedependent manner. Our objective was to determine whether the temperature responses produced by a chronic, escalating-dose METH regimen and a chronic, 5.0 mg/kg dose regimen. Methods Rats received pretreatment injections of saline, 5.0 mg/kg METH, 10.0 mg/kg METH (second comparison group), or an escalating-METH regimen (2–9 mg/kg) for 12 days. On day 13, all four groups were challenged with 10.0 mg/kg METH. Temperature measurements were made telemetrically at 24°C ambient temperature. Results Escalating pretreatment produced hyperthermia; with successive exposures, the hyperthermic peak shifted to the right. The 5.0-mg/kg-pretreatment group initially showed no change in temperature at 60 min post-treatment but developed hypothermia at 60min with chronic treatment; at 3 h post-treatment, significant hyperthermia was present and did not diminish with chronic treatment. After the 10.0-mg/kg-METH challenge, the saline-pretreatment group was hyperthermic, and the 10.0-mg/kg-pretreatment group was hypothermic; the 5.0 mg/kg and escalating pretreatment groups were intermediate and were not different from each other. At 3 h post-challenge, no group differences were apparent. Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were not depleted when measured 2 weeks after treatment ended. Conclusions (1) Escalating and 5.0-mg/kg regimens produced different temperature profiles during the 12-day pretreatment period but a similar diminished response to the 10.0-mg/kg-METH challenge on day 13. (2) The diminished temperature responses with chronic treatment occurred in the absence of long-term DA and 5-HT depletions.
Tips for Presenting Your Work

With the international R user confer- ence, useR! 2011, approaching, many partici- pants may be contemplating how to put their thoughts together for presentation. This paper provides some suggestions for giving presenta- tions and making posters. Some background Just after completing a practice of the talk I planned to give about my PhD research in several upcoming academic job interviews, my advisor, Andreas Buja, sat me down, and completely re-drafted my talk! I had produced what I had seen many times presented by numerous speakers in weekly seminars at Rutgers University, slide after slide of details. Andreas ex- plained that while this might be appropriate for a pa- per it is not the best approach for a talk. We laid out the key problem that my work addressed, and then put in a slide that simply said "Stay tuned. . . ." The next few slides addressed the methodology, and the key answers to the problem came near the end of the talk. The "Stay tuned" sticks with me. Although, today this phrase might be something of a cliche, overused by the electronic media to keep your attention through another barrage of advertis- ing, the effect is useful to re-create. What did this phrase do for the talk at the time? It allowed it to build interest in the topic early, and let the audi- ence know they would be rewarded later. The mid- dle of the talk also showed a VHS video of high- dimensional data being explored using various tours - computers that could display videos were not so portable in 1993! (That video is now available in Flash format at http://stat-graphics.org/movies/ grand-tour.html.)
Laptop Security and Data Protection with Intel® Anti-Theft Service

With technology advancements and widespread adoption of connectivity, more and more users are using a wide range of devices to access information whenever and wherever they want. With increase in laptop usage, there is also an increase in laptop theft. This paper describes how Intel® Anti-Theft Service (IATS) powered by Intel® Anti-Theft Technology (Intel AT) helps protect both the asset (device) and data by locking down the device if lost or stolen. In this paper, we outline the working of Intel AT, operation of IATS, design and development of IATS from user experience viewpoint, and conclude with shared quantitative and qualitative metrics for implementation of Intel AT with customers and partners.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida Isolate P1062, Isolated from Bovine Respiratory Disease

ABSTRACT Here, we report the draft genome of Pasteurella multocida isolate P1062 recovered from pneumonic bovine lung in the United States in 1959.
High-Energy Fission of U 238

The results of a study of the thick-target recoil properties of fission products from the 450-MeV proton fission of ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ are reported here. The average kinetic energy, the average cascade deposition energy, and the average anisotropy of an isolated product are calculated from the recoil results. The characteristics of the most probable fission products, and of the primary fragments leading to them, are then calculated. The average total kinetic energy of the primary fragments is found to be 163\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8 MeV and the average separation of their charge centers at the scission point is 18.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 F. The angular distribution of the fission fragments is somewhat anisotropic, favoring perpendicular emission of fragments for low cascade deposition energies and forward-backward emission for high deposition energies. The momentum-deposition energy relation obtained from the Monte Carlo intranuclear cascade calculations leads to an average cascade deposition energy of 123 MeV for the fission process, somewhat lower than the value 147 MeV calculated for all cascade nuclei. The cascade deposition energy, calculated from recoil results, for formation of a specific nuclide agrees with that determined from an analysis of its excitation function to about 20%.
Inner speech as a forward model

Pickering & Garrod (P&G) consider the possibility that inner speech might be a product of forward production models. Here I consider the idea of inner speech as a forward model in light of empirical work from the past few decades, concluding that, while forward models could contribute to it, inner speech nonetheless requires activity from the implementers.
American Cultural Themes and Social Work

SOCIAL anthropogists have been concerned in recent years with the attempt to discover the themes which give unity to American culture. These themes are described as generalized orientations, "powerful in their hold upon the American mind and imagination."' They are the standards of behavior to be found in the "core culture," developed by the early English settlers on American soil and accepted most fully today by the white Protestant Anglo-American lower middle class.2 They are the values of the mass culture, the least common denominator of all the varied subcultures carried by different segments of American society.3 It seems worth while to examine these high-level abstractions in relation to various subcultures, at a somewhat more concrete level of analysis. The analytical scheme used in this paper is one proposed by Clyde and Florence Kluckhohn.4 The specialized socio-cultural system to which it is to be applied is that of social work. The rapid development of social work, which appears on the surface to be so contrary to the American way of life, calls for some re-examination both of the mass culture and of this particular variant. Why should individualistic Americans, bitterly resentful of any outside interference in their affairs, demand so much more of this type of assistance than the steadily increasing number of schools of social work are prepared to provide? Furthermore, since the clients of social work agencies come so largely from that segment of society most thoroughly indoctrinated in the core culture, the results of their experience with this category of professionals needs to be evaluated in terms of possible culture change. Is the American hierarchy of values being modified, and if so, in what directions? It is with such questions that this paper is concerned.
Pantothenic acid deficiency induced in human subjects.

Summary1. An abnormal metabolic state has been induced in 4 human volunteers through combined use of a diet deficient in pantothenic acid and a metabolic antagonist, (omega-methyl pantothenic acid). 2. This abnormal state was accompanied by clinical and biochemical abnormalities suggesting adrenal cortical insufficiency, and by a peripheral neuropathy. 3. Administration of pantothenic acid alone did not immediately reverse the abnormal state. A good diet of natural foods and multiple vitamins resulted in rapid complete recovery.
Cues to move increase information in superior colliculus tuning curves

Shifts in the location of spatial attention produce increases in the gain and sensitivity of neuronal responses to sensory stimuli. Cues to shift the line of sight have the same effect on sensory responses in a motor area involved in the control of eye movements, the superior colliculus. Evidence has shown that shifts of gaze and shifts of attention are linked, suggesting there may be similar underlying mechanisms. Here, we report on a novel way in which cues to move the eyes (top-down signals) can influence sensory responses of neurons by altering the variability of their discharge rate. We measured the spatial tuning of superior colliculus neuronal activity in trials with cues to either make or withhold saccadic eye movements. We found that tuning curve widths both increased and decreased, but that the information conveyed by the neuronal discharge about the stimulus increased with a cue to make a saccade. The increase in information resulted partly from a decrease in trial-to-trial variability of neuronal discharges for stimuli located at the flanks of the tuning curves rather than from increases in the discharge rate for stimuli located at the peak of the tuning curves. This result is consistent with theoretical work and provides a novel way for cognitive signals to influence sensory responses within motor regions of the brain.
Evaluation of repairing perforations in primary molars combined with stainless steel braces

AIM:To observe the clinical effect on sealing perforations of the pulp floor in primary molars with stainless steel braces,and evaluate the function of stainless steel braces as the barrier and the compressive strength of filling materials in perforation areas,as well as the clinical effect.METHODS:The simulated models of perforations in the pulp floor were made.The models were classified into two groups,one was with glass ionomer cement(GIC)and the other filled with glass ionomer cement(GIC)combined with stainless steel braces,and then the compressive strength of them was tested.Sixty-eight clinical cases(including 37 males and 31 females aged 5 to 10 years)of primary molars with perforated pulp floor were divided into two groups randomly.For one(positive)group,the perforations areas were sealed with catapasm of calcium hydroxide and iodoform,and for the other(experimental)group,medication was used to cover perforation areas,and then stainless steel braces were placed on perforations of pulp floor.The efficacy of the two groups were evaluated at last.RESULTS:The compressive strength of the group employing braces was markedly greater than the group without braces(P0.01).After one year,the success rate of the group employing braces was significantly higher than the group without braces(P0.05).CONCLUSION :Repairing perforations of the pulp floor in primary molars combined with stainless steel braces can strengthen the compression of filling materials in perforation areas,enhance the compressive strength of the teeth,and have the better curative effect.
Afferent input from rat slow skeletal muscle inhibits bioassayable growth hormone release

The release of a bioassayable form of growth hormone (BGH), distinct from growth hormone as measured by immunoassay (IGH), from the rat pituitary into the blood is differentially regulated by affer...
CHAPTER VI – The Entropy Function

A good many times I have been present at gatherings of people who by standards of the traditional culture are thought highly educated and who have with considerable gusto been expressing their incredulity at the illiteracy of scientists. Once or twice I have been provoked and have asked the company how many of them could describe the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The response was cold: it was also negative. Yet I was asking something which is about the scientific equivalent of: Have you read a work of Shakespeare's.
The Dirac Equation

Previously, people have thought of the vacuum as a region of space that is completely empty, a region of space that does not contain anything at all. Now we must adopt a new picture. We may say that the vacuum is a region of space where we have the lowest possible energy. Now, to get the lowest energy we must fill up all the states of negative energy … Thus we must set up a new picture of the vacuum in which all the negative energy states are occupied and all the positive energy states are unoccupied.
The questionable premises underlying the search for cancer driver mutations and cancer susceptibility genes

Commentary on: Tokheim CJ et al., 2016, Evaluating the evaluation of cancer driver genes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol. 113, no. 50, pp. 14330-14335 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1616440113 .