cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser-aided degradation of composite resin

Abstract The removal of residual composite resin after debonding orthodontic brackets often creates surface scratches, enamel loss, and enamel tearouts. If the Nd: YAG laser could selectively degrade the resin without damaging the underlying tooth structure, these problems might be eliminated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Nd: YAG laser in degrading composite resin within a time frame that will not cause pulpal damage. Minimal lasing times and optimum frequencies were determined by testing the compressive strengths of resin cylinders exposed to laser radiation for 2, 3, 5, 10, or 15 seconds at frequencies of 60, 80, or 100 Hz. The optimum condition was determined to be a 3 second lasing time at a frequency of 100 Hz. Cylinders of composite resin were divided into four groups consisting of: (1) resin, (2) resin with a laser enhancing dye, (3) resin lased for 3 seconds at 100 Hz, and (4) resin with the dye which was lased for 3 seconds at 100 Hz. The compressive strengt...
Nonlinear Weighted Flux Methods for Particle Transport Problems in Two-Dimensional Cartesian Geometry

A family of nonlinear weighted flux (NWF) methods for solving the transport equation in two-dimensional (2-D) Cartesian geometry is considered. The low-order equations of these methods are defined ...
Choosing Prediction Over Explanation in Psychology: Lessons From Machine Learning:

Psychology has historically been concerned, first and foremost, with explaining the causal mechanisms that give rise to behavior. Randomized, tightly controlled experiments are enshrined as the gold standard of psychological research, and there are endless investigations of the various mediating and moderating variables that govern various behaviors. We argue that psychology’s near-total focus on explaining the causes of behavior has led much of the field to be populated by research programs that provide intricate theories of psychological mechanism but that have little (or unknown) ability to predict future behaviors with any appreciable accuracy. We propose that principles and techniques from the field of machine learning can help psychology become a more predictive science. We review some of the fundamental concepts and tools of machine learning and point out examples where these concepts have been used to conduct interesting and important psychological research that focuses on predictive research ques...
Azeotropic Preparation of a "C"-Phenyl "N"-Aryl Imine: An Introductory Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment.

Imines are important in biological chemistry and as intermediates in organic synthesis. An experiment for introductory undergraduate organic chemistry is presented in which benzaldehyde was condensed with p-methoxyaniline in toluene to give 4-methoxy-N-(phenylmethylene)benzenamine. Water was removed by azeotropic distillation using a Dean–Stark trap. The reaction was readily performed in one 3 h laboratory period, gave a crystalline product, and was easily followed visually by the amount of water collected. It demonstrated important concepts from second-year undergraduate organic chemistry, including equilibrium processes, condensation reactions, and imine formation. The experiment also gave students exposure to important laboratory techniques including azeotropic distillation, use of a water trap, and mixed-solvent recrystallization.
Same-Day Surgery Does Not Increase Deep Infection Risk in Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients.

Abstract Background Patients with bilateral hip disease may undergo same-day or staged bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Our purpose was to compare the odds and identify risk factors for deep periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) among patients undergoing same-day vs staged bilateral THA (within 1 year or more than 1 year apart). Methods Administrative data for patients subjected to same-day and staged bilateral THA between January 1999 and December 2013 were retrieved. Patients with subsequent PJI were identified. Mean follow-up was 112.6 months (range, 23-201). A logistic regression model was constructed to determine differences in odds for infection between groups and risk factors for PJI. Results We identified 1808 patients treated with same-day bilateral THA, 2082 patients treated with staged THAs within 1 year, and 2760 patients treated with staged THAs more than 1 year apart. Patients treated with same-day procedures had similar odds for PJI compared to those treated with staged THAs within 1 year (odds ratio [OR] = 0.632, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.203, 1.962]), or more than 1 year apart (OR = 1.391, 95% CI [0.516, 3.746]). Women had 66.1% lower odds for PJI than men (OR = 0.339, 95% CI [0.16, 0.72]). Patients with inflammatory arthritis had 632% higher odds for PJI than patients with degenerative arthritis (OR = 7.321, 95% CI [1.912, 28.028]). Allogeneic transfusion was associated with 166% higher odds for PJI (OR = 2.661, 95% CI [1.198, 5.911]). Conclusion Same-day bilateral THA is not associated with increased odds for PJI compared to staged procedures. Male gender, inflammatory etiology, and allogeneic transfusion are significant risk factors for PJI in patients undergoing same-day or staged bilateral THA.
Growth Rate-Dependent Global Amplification of Gene Expression

Regulation of cell growth rate is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival in diverse conditions. Changes in cell growth rate result in changes in rRNA and tRNA content, but the effect of cell growth rate on mRNA abundance is not known. We developed a new method for measuring absolute transcript abundances using RNA-seq, SPike in-based Absolute RNA Quantification (SPARQ), that does not assume a constant transcriptome size and applied it to the model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), grown at different rates. We find that increases in cell growth rate result in increased absolute abundance of almost every transcript, with significant coordinated changes in abundances among functionally related transcripts. mRNA degradation and synthesis rates increase with increased growth rate, but to differing extents, resulting in the observed net increases in absolute abundance. We propose that regulation of ribosome abundance links environmental conditions to transcriptome amplification via nutrient-sensing pathways.
A Trade-off between Supply-side and Demand-side Management for Urban Water Resources

Urban water management specifies both supply-side and demand-side strategies to balance water supply and demands for social and environmental systems. As the sustainability of water resources depends on the dynamic interactions among the consumers and the policy makers of the water system, an optimal adaptive water management approach can be used to update utility decisions based on the feedback among these systems and may enable a more efficient use of resources. Adaptive demand-side management strategies, such as regulating water for outdoor use, can be designed with increasing restrictions corresponding to the depletion of reservoirs. Similarly, adaptive supply-side strategies can be designed to supplement supply by increasing the volume of water that is transferred among basins when reservoirs levels drop. In this study, a Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) framework is used to simulate the adaptive behaviors of consumers, the adaptive decisions of the water utility, and an engineering model of the water supply infrastructure. The CAS framework is coupled with an optimization methodology to evaluate a combination of supply-side and demand-side adaptive water management strategies in achieving the utilities goal of minimizing management costs. The methodology is applied to an illustrative case study of an urban water supply system to explore trade-off relationship between optimal adaptive water management strategies.
Current Concepts in Lower Extremity Reconstruction

After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the existing principles for lower extremity reconstruction for both traumatic and ablative defects. 2. Understand the important factors for lower extremity reconstruction-based anatomical regions. 3. Discuss perforator flaps and their application in lower extremity reconstruction.The Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification is briefly reviewed. A comprehensive overview of the available flaps and methods for lower extremity reconstruction is provided.
[The uric acid-lowering effect of diflunisal].

20 patients with elevated serum uric acid levels and osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were given diflunisal 500 mg b.i.d. The joint complaints were influenced good to excellent in all patients. The uric acid levels were decreased from 7.37 to 6.22 mg/dl for the duration of this eight week open study. Diflunisal can be advocated also for the treatment of gout.
Perceptions, Emotions, and Behaviors toward Women Based on Parental Status

In previous research, women without children are perceived more negatively than are mothers (Kopper and Smith 2001; LaMastro 2001; Lampman and Dowling-Guyer 1995). The present study investigated perceptions, emotions, and behaviors toward women based on parental status. Undergraduate students (N = 299) rated women described as mothers, involuntarily childless, or permanently childfree-by-choice, then completed measures of competence, warmth, status, competition, emotions, and behaviors. Mothers and childless women were rated as warmer than competent, and childfree women were rated more competent than warm. Correlations demonstrated that noncompetitive groups were perceived as warm and that high status groups were perceived as competent. Warmth was more predictive than competence of most behaviors. In analyses of variance, mothers were the most admired group, eliciting helping behaviors; childless women elicited pity; and childfree women elicited envy, disgust, and harm behaviors. Nearly all relations between perceptions and behaviors were mediated by at least one emotion, supporting the primacy of emotions over perceptions in influencing behaviors. Mine is the first known study to establish that combinations of perceptions, emotions, and behaviors toward women vary with parental status. Moreover, current results suggest that negative perceptions and emotions toward childfree women may result in harm from others. Finally, my study supports the persistence of negative perceptions of women without children in a contemporary sample of emerging U.S. adults.
Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy: An Overview

Abstract Despite widespread use of medical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, a need remains for robust surgical therapy in select patients. Robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) is an efficacious and safe therapy for patients with bladder outlet obstruction owing to large volume prostates. Data from 13 published cohorts suggest functional outcomes equivalent to open simple prostatectomy with substantially decreased length of hospital stay and risk of transfusion. However, there are few longer term data.
The Relationship of Alcohol and Drugs to Delinquency and Crime in Racine

This chapter continues our critical examination of the relationship of alcohol and drugs to delinquency and crime in the Racine cohorts. Forty percent of 715 people in the 1942 and 1949 Cohorts who filled out self-reports and had continuous residence in Racine revealed at least some marijuana and/or other drug use, but only 10 percent said that they used marijuana or other drugs ‘frequently or ‘all of the time/ Only 1.8 percent had police contacts for drug offenses and half of those had only misdemeanor-level offenses. These cohorts reached the age of 16 in 1958 and 1965, before the public’s attention had been focused on drugs and crime.
Optimization in the Complex Domain for Nonlinear Adaptive Filtering

We present a framework that greatly simplifies the evaluations and analyses for optimization in the complex plane through the use of a generalized definition of analyticity. We derive the gradient, the relative (natural) gradient, Newton, and Newton variation updates by using this result and demonstrate its application in system identification using linear and multi-layer perceptron filters.
The Need for Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa

This chapter presents and discusses the Quintuple Helix Model of entrepreneurial ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa. Before presenting the model, the chapter defines the concepts of ecosystem and entrepreneurial ecosystems. It also discusses the measurement of the effectiveness of an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Finally, the chapter presents the five pillars of the Quintuple Helix Model (government, institutions of higher education, private sector, citizenry, and international organizations). The chapter concludes with a focus on the interplay among these five pillars.
Transplant Centers as Focused Factories

Many advocates for health care reform have suggested applying the "focused factory" concept from strategic operations to improve the operation of hospitals. The benefits of focused operations have been extolled as improving both efficiency and profitability; yet this concept was developed for manufacturing, and its application to the health care industry is a recent innovation pursued by a handful of hospitals seeking competitive advantage. It is not clear whether such superiority holds in the more service-oriented health care industry. I examine this question in the setting of kidney transplant centers diversifying into liver transplants. I estimate the effect of diversification on the risk-adjusted mortality rates of kidney transplant recipients, controlling for selection bias. I find that while there is a “diversification discount” for mortality overall, the effect disappears for patients whose own health issues tend to be “diversified.” This suggests that firms’ patient (or customer) mix and characteristics will determine whether a firm experiences detrimental effects from diversification or not. In turn, these results imply that for firms where consumers are also an input into production (such as health care or education), the characteristics of consumers as inputs must be considered as part of a firm’s overall strategy.
Intelligent maintenance in networked industrial automation systems

The introduction of fieldbus network architecture provided new chances and challenges to the modern manufacturing systems. The fieldbus networks improved the interchangeability of devices, provided the flexibility and reconfigurability of the ap plications and unproved the reliability of the systems, while reducing installation and maintenance costs. However, it also introduces different, forms of uncertainties between controllers, sensors arld actuators, as well the problems of maintenance in the networked environments. The main purpose of this doctoral study is to establish a systematic framework of performance assessment and fault prediction in networked industrial automation systems, through a general multi-layer strategy. In this study, the research focuses on the development of a general framework of intelligent maintenance system, concerning (1) the performance assessment and prediction of industrial network, (2) the fault diagnosis of networked automation systems, and (3) network bus-off hitting time estimation. In chapter III, a, network health monitoring tool is developed, in which the performance features extracted from network are used to quantitatively evaluate performance of the network. Physical layer features, such as power voltage, signal-to-noise ratio, etc., are selected. Diagnosis and prediction of network faults can be performed based on these features using a new similarity measure developed in this study. Scenarios of network degradations are investigated and results have shown the effectiveness of the diagnosis method. In chapter IV, in intermittent connection (IC) diagnostic method is developed that integrates the logic behavior (timing, sequence, etc.) with physical layer information obtained from the network. A new graph based IC isolation method is developed. The experiments conducted show that the developed method is able to locate the intermittent connection problems. Also in chapter IV, a quantitative method to estimate bus-off hitting time of the network node is developed. Using the IC diagnostic method developed earlier in the chapter, a methematic model for node transmitter error counter dynamaics is constructed based on observed error patterns. The experiments show the true bus-off hitting times agree well with the estimated values.
Sol-Gel Chemistry of Trialkoxysilanes

Hydrolysis and condensation of trialkoxysilanes, HSi(OMe)3 and HSi(OEt)3, has been used to prepare polyhydridosilsesquioxaes for dielectric applications. In this study we examined the ability of trimethoxysilane (TMS) and triethoxysilane (TES) to undergo sol-gel polymerization to afford gels. Sol-gel polymerization experiments were conducted under acidic (HCl), basic (NaOH), and neutral conditions in methanol or ethanol. Gels prepared with basic catalysts were exothermic with the evolution of hydrogen gas. Gel times are compared with silica gels prepared from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Gels were worked up under aqueous conditions to afford xerogels. Surface area analyses by nitrogen sorption porosimetery revealed that the materials were mostly mesoporous materials with surface areas in the hundreds of square meters per gram. Solid state 29Si CP MAS NMR was used to determine the amount of hydrido group remaining in the xerogels. Gels prepared under acidic conditions were essentially polysilsesquioxanes with very little loss of hydride functionalities. In gels prepared under basic conditions the hydride groups were completely gone leaving silica gels. Gels prepared with neutral water lost approximately 66% of the hydride groups.
Cremospermopsis galaxias (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northwestern Colombia

Cremospermopsis galaxias , a new species from the eastern slopes of the Central Cordillera in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, is described and illustrated. Morphological affinities with its congeners are discussed, and a dichotomous key is provided to identify the three species of Cremospermopsis. The new species is distinguished by the presence of obovate bullate leaves with large white spots on the bullae, tomentulose inflorescence bracts, and calyx lobes with scattered short glandular trichomes.
The Reduction Kinetic of the Combined Cu-Based Oxygen Carrier Used for Chemical Looping Gasification Technology

The oxygen uncoupling property of the oxygen carrier is essential for the chemical looping gasification process. In this paper, the combined Cu-based oxygen carrier were prepared by mechanical mixing method. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the oxygen carrier prepared. TG experiments were performed in a thermal analyzer to investigate the oxygen uncoupling property. The XRD pattern of the fresh oxygen carriers showed that the phases of the oxygen carriers were stable. The active phase of oxygen carrier was CuxMn3-xO4. With the increasing of heating rate, the starting and ending temperatures of the reduction reaction increased. However, the reaction time decreased and the reduction rate increased. With the increasing of oxygen concentration, the starting temperatures of the reduction reaction shifted to high level. Temperature had great effect on the reduction rate and the reduction rate increased with increasing of the reduction temperatures.
Optimal constrained wireless emergency network antenna placement

Communication is paramount, especially during a natural disaster or other emergency. Even when traditional] lines of communication become unavailable, emergency response ( teams must be able to communicate with each other and the outside world. To facilitate this need, major cities across the United States are deploying wireless emergency networks (WENs) that serve as a secure communication channel between emergency response points (police stations, shelters, food banks, hospitals, etc.) and the outside world. An important question when designing such networks is identifying the locations within the city where access points (APs) should be placed to construct a reliable WEN. We propose a framework for identifying the optimal placement of wireless network antennas within a city, given multiple criteria constraints, and present our initial efforts to realize this framework.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

No other cancer has been impacted by targeted therapy as much as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Likewise, no other disease has seen as much improvement in outcome as CML as the result of a single treatment, in this case the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib [1, 2]. Perhaps the biggest benefit from this targeted therapy in patients with CML is that the need for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), which was once the only curative treatment for CML, has declined, though the frequency of use has leveled off recently [3, 4]. There is, however, a continuing role for HCT in the treatment of CML, but this needs to be defined. To help define this role, both now and in the future, we need to better understand the natural history of this disease in the imatinib era and consider both the role of newer tyrosine kinase inhibitors and advances in HCT, including nonablative allogeneic transplantation.
Squares, Square Roots, and the Quadratic Formula

Since people began using numbers for measuring lengths, they have wanted to find the square roots of those numbers. There are many situations in which a square root is needed. For instance, knowing the square root is useful if you want to find the length of the side of a square field of a given area or the length of its diagonal when the side is known. The ancient Babylonian mathematicians were even solving quadratic equations in the time of Hammurabi, a Babylonian king of the eighteenth century B.C. Their method for approximating square roots was a first step in the more accurate repetitive process discovered by Hero of Alexandria about the time of Christ. This process, now known as Newton’s method, is universally used today.
Queer men, affect, and physical education

The purpose of this paper was to explore the role of queer men’s desire in physical education. The author used interview data from an ethnography with queer youth to explore the relationship betwee...
Microsaccades for Neuromorphic Stereo Vision

Depth perception through stereo vision is an important feature of biological and artificial vision systems. While biological systems can compute disparities effortlessly, it requires intensive processing for artificial vision systems. The computing complexity resides in solving the correspondence problem – finding matching pairs of points in the two eyes. Inspired by the retina, event-based vision sensors allow a new constraint to solve the correspondence problem: time. Relying on precise spike-time, spiking neural networks can take advantage of this constraint. However, disparities can only be computed from dynamic environments since event-based vision sensors only report local changes in light intensity. In this paper, we show how microsaccadic eye movements can be used to compute disparities from static environments. To this end, we built a robotic head supporting two Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) capable of independent panning and simultaneous tilting. We evaluate the method on both static and dynamic scenes perceived through microsaccades. This paper demonstrates the complementarity of event-based vision sensors and active perception leading to more biologically inspired robots.
Reducing Social Judgment Biases May Require Identifying the Potential Source of Bias

Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven preregistered studies (total N > 7,000), ...
Audit-and-Feedback and Workflow Changes Improve Emergency Department Care of Critically Ill Children

Introduction Children with severe infection have improved outcomes when they received antibiotics promptly. Positive cultures help guide physicians in antibiotic selection. In 2011, 30% of children intubated in the emergency department received antibiotics and had respiratory culture collected within 60 minutes of intubation. Knowing the risk of delaying appropriate antibiotics, we charted a quality improvement team to improve compliance with 80% of intubated patients receiving both. Methods The team evaluated all children intubated with concern for infection in the emergency department. Using a multidisciplinary team and employing quality improvement methods, we implemented multiple plan-do-study-act cycles to improve time to antibiotics and respiratory cultures. The team continued to implement successful interventions and restarted interventions directly affecting improvement. Results While multiple interventions had small effects on the baseline of 30% compliance, 2 interventions appeared more influential than others. Workflow changes and audit-and-feedback created the largest, persistent positive changes. The importance of audit-and-feedback became very obvious when the project entered sustain mode. An abrupt decrease in compliance occurred when audit-and-feedback stopped. Complete recovery in compliance to greater than 80% occurred with the resumption of the audit-and-feedback intervention. Conclusions Workflow changes and audit-and-feedback interventions resulted in large improvements. Loss of compliance with cessation of the audit-and-feedback and resumption demonstrated the importance of this intervention. Recovery to >80% compliance with the renewal of the audit-and-feedback program indicates its strength as a positive intervention.
Adenosine 2A receptor inhibition protects phrenic motor neurons from cell death induced by protein synthesis inhibition.

Abstract Respiratory motor neuron survival is critical for maintenance of adequate ventilation and airway clearance, preventing dependence to mechanical ventilation and respiratory tract infections. Phrenic motor neurons are highly vulnerable in rodent models of motor neuron disease versus accessory inspiratory motor pools (e.g. intercostals, scalenus). Thus, strategies that promote phrenic motor neuron survival when faced with disease and/or toxic insults are needed to help preserve breathing ability, airway defense and ventilator independence. Adenosine 2A receptors (A2A) are emerging as a potential target to promote neuroprotection, although their activation can have both beneficial and pathogenic effects. Since the role of A2A receptors in the phrenic motor neuron survival/death is not known, we tested the hypothesis that A2A receptor antagonism promotes phrenic motor neuron survival and preserves diaphragm function when faced with toxic, neurodegenerative insults that lead to phrenic motor neuron death. We utilized a novel neurotoxic model of respiratory motor neuron death recently developed in our laboratory: intrapleural injections of cholera toxin B subunit (CtB) conjugated to the ribosomal toxin, saporin (CtB-Saporin). We demonstrate that intrapleural CtB-Saporin causes: 1) profound phrenic motor neuron death (~5% survival); 2) ~7-fold increase in phrenic motor neuron A2A receptor expression prior to cell death; and 3) diaphragm muscle paralysis (inactive in most rats; ~7% residual diaphragm EMG amplitude during room air breathing). The A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline given after CtB-Saporin: 1) reduced phrenic motor neuron death (~20% survival) and 2) preserved diaphragm EMG activity (~46%). Thus, A2A receptors contribute to neurotoxic phrenic motor neuron death, an effect mitigated by A2A receptor antagonism.
Relationship between impact-crater size and severity of related extinction episodes

Abstract How large must an extraterrestrial impact be to cause a peak episode of increased extinctions of life? Impact energies ≥ 3 × 107 Mt TNT (associated with terrestrial impact craters with final diameters ≥ 100 km) seem to be required to generate significant widespread climatic effects from sub-micron dust and soot in the atmosphere, leading to a distinct extinction episode (≥ 15% extinction of marine genera). Impacts creating craters smaller than ∼100 km in final diameter (in the 106 to 107 Mt TNT range) are capable of mostly regional destruction, with minimal impact on global climate or biota. These results are supported by the fact that the ages of the four known ≥ 100-km diameter craters of the last 260 My (Popigai, Chicxulub, Morokweng, and Manicouagan) are all correlative with times of documented extinction episodes, whereas smaller craters are not. The largest crater, the 180–km diameter Chicxulub crater (a ∼108 Mt TNT event) is associated with the more severe “major” mass-extinction event (≥ 45% extinction of genera) at the end of the Cretaceous. The percent species extinctions show a significant linear relationship with final crater diameter and impact energy. The very large Chicxulub impact lies close to the predicted curve of percent extinction versus impact-crater diameter (and energy), but the low-angle of impact, an unusual composition of the target area (with thick sediments rich in carbonates, sulfates and organic material), and a large excavated transient crater, may have led to the generation of unusually large amounts of CO2, widely distributed dust, soot and sulfate aerosols, and a uniquely severe impact-related environmental disaster. Chicxulub may thus be the only large-body impact associated with a “major” mass extinction in the Phanerozoic. Target sensitivity may apply to large impacts into ocean crust having only a thin cover of organic-poor and carbonate-poor pelagic sediments, and thus even large oceanic impacts (which are still unknown) may not produce enough dust, soot and aerosols to cause environmental crises leading to global extinction peaks above background levels.
Salter-Harris type II fracture of the middle phalanx with concomitant central slip injury in an 11 year old: a case report

An 11-year-old male sustained an irreducible, completely displaced epiphyseal fracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the middle finger with an associated central slip injury. Central slip injuries occurring in conjunction with Salter-Harris type II middle phalanx fracture are rare entities, with no previously documented case. Our patient underwent open reduction, internal fixation through crossed-pins to achieve reduction and fixation. He was then splinted in extension for six weeks to allow healing of the central slip injury. At 1-year follow-up, the patient had full range-of-motion with no clinical indication of physeal disruption or growth arrest of the repaired digit. We demonstrate a case in which ephiphyseal fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint with a concomitant central slip injury can safely be treated with open reduction internal fixation combined with a period of immobilization. We characterize a surgical method of reduction and fixation with splinted immobilization and describe lessons learned from this previously unreported case.
Neutrinos from gravitational collapse.

A review is made of neutrino fluxes produced by gravitational collapse events (type-II supernovae?). Recent work of Mayle, Wilson and Schramm is used to examine those aspects of neutrino signal which are relatively independent of the collapse model and those aspects which are sensitive to model details. A discussion of the antineutrino background from the integral of all collapse events is also presented.
Gastrin-releasing peptide (mammalian bombesin) gene expression in health and disease

In recent years much attention has been focused on gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian homologue of bombesin, both as a neuroregulatory hormone and as a tissue-specific growth factor in normal and neoplastic tissues. This paper will analyze the distribution and role of GRP in normal mammalian tissues and examine the potential involvement of GRP in diverse pathologic processes.
The Roles of Family, Community, and Services in the Prevention of Illicit Drug Use: Findings From a Sample of Released Prisoners:

Studies show that the deterioration of family bonds and financial difficulty are barriers to a successful reintegration after incarceration. However, how family, community, and correction agencies ...
Theory in Practice

“I just don’t understand why we are spending so much time studying theory,” remarked the clinical graduate student frankly. “Who cares what a bunch of dead white guys think! I just want to know how to do therapy the right way.” Her remarks likely express the thoughts of many other students who have felt exasperated by Freud’s adherence to the psychosexual stages or by the dense yet ambiguous writings of object relations theorists. Why can’t students just learn the “skills” of effective therapy without exploration of theoretical history and metacognitive exercises into the why’s and how’s of therapeutic efficacy and effectiveness? Is theory really that important? This chapter explores the notion of theory and its importance for clinical practice, provides a brief overview of the evolution of clinical theory, and provides a framework for how theory directly informs day-to-day clinical practice.
Covered Stents for Endovascular Treatment of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose:The treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) has largely shifted to endovascular techniques, with primary stenting constituting the preferred treatment approach. The goal of the cur...
Art of prevention: The importance of dermatologic care when using aromatase inhibitors

Abstract As of January 2021, there are more than 3.8 million women in the United States with a history of breast cancer. The current standard of care for breast cancer involves surgical resection, radiation therapy, adjuvant endocrine therapy, and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the gold standard for endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women. Dermatologic adverse events (dAEs) associated with AIs are rare but have been reported in the literature. Commonly reported dAEs include unspecified rash, pruritus, alopecia, vulvovaginal atrophy, vasculitis, and autoimmune/connective tissue disorders. Appropriate preventative strategies and careful management considerations have the potential to optimize the comprehensive care of patients with cancer and improve quality of life. Furthermore, prevention of dAEs can lead to a reduction in cancer treatment interruptions and discontinuations. Herein, we characterize dAEs of AIs and discuss preventative management to reduce the incidence of AI therapy interruption.
Representing wave effects on currents

Abstract We describe a new framework to represent wave effects on currents, including several approximations (Stokes drift, Bernoulli head, and quasi-static pressure) and a parameterization of the vertical mixing due to wave breaking. The framework improves over existing methods not limited by water depth or monochromatic assumptions. The approximations are validated with spectra and current profiles from a model configuration in Southern California. The Stokes drift approximation uses two scales accounting for broadband spectra, including mixed wind-sea and swell. The Stokes drift is estimated iteratively, constrained by the surface drift velocity and Stokes transport, being more efficient while giving smaller errors compared to a spectrum reconstruction approach. One-month-long hydrostatic ocean model solutions at 270 m horizontal grid resolution show that waves have relatively small impacts on the mean circulation and mesoscale current variability near the surface. Waves increase the vorticity and divergence variance near the surface when the turbulent Langmuir number is small.
Modeling the material structure and couple stress effects of nanocrystalline silicon beams for pull-in and bio-mass sensing applications

Abstract Designed devices for pull-in and bio-mass sensing applications are usually composed of elastic micro/nano-sized beams made of nanostructured materials, such as nanocrystalline silicon (Nc-Si). In addition to the higher-order deformations that ever present in these beams, their material properties are highly affected with the heterogeneity features of their material structure. Neglecting one of these inherent parameters in the modeling of these systems can result in inaccurate predictions of their behaviors. In this research study, the effects of the material structure along with the microstructure couple stress of an electrostatically-actuated micro/nanocantilever beam, made of Nc-Si, on its pull-instability and sensitivity to bio-cells are investigated. Considering the material structure inhomogeneity of the Nc-Si and the beam׳s size, we propose a novel model that combines a couple stress based-Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and a micromechanical model. To account for the beam׳s size effect, the modified couple stress theory is used. The heterogeneity nature of the material structure is modeled using a size-dependent micromechanical model that includes the interface and the grain size effects. Performing a parametric study, the results show that including the effects of the material structure and couple stress strongly affects the pull-in voltage values and the estimated masses of the bio-cells. Unlike the couple stress effects, it is demonstrated that the inhomogeneity nature of the material structure softens the beam and hence decreases its natural frequency and pull-in voltage. It is also shown that the couple stress effect enhances the sensitivity of the bio-mass sensor unlike the interface and the grain size effects. The results show that using higher-order modes leads to a significant enhancement in the sensitivity of the bio-mass sensor.
Points of View: ILL PRISM Transfer

In the last issue of OCLC Systems and Services we examined a feasibility study being conducted by a few libraries and OCLC. This study was designed to explore the possibility of linking a library′s local ILL electronic request system to OCLC. The OCLC link eliminates the rekeying of patron requests, which reduces the ILL staff workload and speeds request inputting, both of which would be beneficial to any Interlibrary Loan department. Of the four participants in the study, one site, Southeast Florida Information Network, has entered its testing mode, and only one site, Colorado State University, has successfully implemented and is currently using this link.
Is Singapore Displacing Hong Kong? Evidence from the Stock Markets

Before the return of Hong Kong to China there has been speculations that the change will reduce the role of Hong Kong as the financial center in Southeast Asia. It is also suggest that Singapore will take over such role. In this paper we study the change in information flows between the stock markets in Hong Kong, Singapore and the US before and after the Hong Kong Turnover. If Singapore were displacing Hong Kong, we would expect a stronger relationship between the financial markets in Singapore and the US, and a relatively weaker relationship between the markets in Hong Kong and the US. Our results suggest that while the information flows between Hong Kong and the US, and between Singapore and the US increase after the Hong Kong Turnover, the increases in information flow between Singapore and the US is relatively higher compared to the change between Hong Kong and the US markets. Therefore, there is evidence that Singapore is gaining ground over Hong Kong as the financial center in Southeast Asia.
Modeling financial markets using copula functions

This paper presents an analysis of copula models in comparison to standard statistical distributions in the context of international securities markets. Due to the fact that copula models require independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, the market data is transformed into log-returns, and then filtered using ARIMA-GARCH time series methods. Once the market data is put into an appropriate form, it is fit to several standard statistical distributions, as well as more non-conventional copula distributions. The dependance structure of the distributions are analyzed in order to determine which model would be most appropriate in the context of quantiative finance. The goal of the paper is to show that copulas can model extreme market relations better than the traditional distributions that are currently being used in finance.
Tropical Cyclone Formation/Structure/Motion Studies

Abstract : The long-term goals are to understand how variabilities in the large-scale atmospheric environment influence tropical cyclone track, structure, and intensity characteristics and define how these influences differ between developing, mature, and decaying tropical cyclones. During the initial stages of tropical cyclone development, structure and track characteristics can exhibit large variabilities that decrease potential predictability. Because decaying tropical cyclones often transition to fast-moving and rapidly-developing extratropical cyclones that may contain gale-, storm-, or hurricane-force winds, there is a need to improve understanding and prediction of the extratropical transition (ET) phase of a decaying tropical cyclone. The structural evolution of the transition from a tropical to extratropical circulation involves rapid changes to the wind, cloud, and precipitation patterns. Furthermore, the ET of a tropical cyclone may impact the midlatitude circulation patterns downstream. Therefore, a tropical cyclone throughout its life cycle has the potential for impacting many fleet units.
Designing a common communication subsystem

Communication subsystems are used in high-performance parallel computing systems to abstract the lower network layer. By using a communication subsystem, an upper middleware library or runtime system can be more easily ported to different interconnects. By abstracting the network layer, however, the designer typically makes the communication subsystem more specialized for that particular middleware library, making it ineffective for supporting middleware for other programming models. In previous work we analyzed the requirements of various programming-model middleware and the communication subsystems that support such requirements. We found that although there are no mutually exclusive requirements, none of the existing communication subsystems can efficiently support the programming model middleware we considered. In this paper, we describe our design of a common communication subsystem, called CCS, that can efficiently support various programming model middleware.
The formation and evolution of compact stars in binaries

Resumen es: Se describen los procesos evolutivos estelares responsables de la formacion de objetos compactos en sistemas binarios en interaccion y su evolucion. ...
Estradiol affinity chromatography : Application to purification of murine alpha-fetoprotein

A one-step batch procedure is described for purification of murine alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by estradiol affinity chromatography. Various ratios of carbodiimide (C), diaminononame (D) and estradiol hemisuccinate (E) were tested to determine optimal conditions for AFP purification. Although yields of AFP ranged from 15 to 44% depending on the reagent ratio employed, AFP isolates free of other protein contaminants were achieved at C:D:E ratios of 10:10:1 with a 29% yield. Both estrone and estradiol proved efficient as elution agents to free AFP bound to the estradiol-Sepharose beads, but higher yields were produced with estrone. After isolation the estrogen-eluted AFP preparations were analyzed by (1) estradiol-binding assays, (2) third-party radiocoprecipitation, (3) inhibition of radioimmunoassay for estrone and estradiol and (4) exchange of unlabeled for radiolabeled estradiol. These results indicated that the steroid remained attached to the eluted AFP molecule.
The prevention of postoperative pelvic adhesions: an animal study comparing barrier methods with dextran 70.

Abstract There are two major approachas to the prophylaxis for adhesions: chemical methods (e.g., dextran) and barrier methods. Theoretically, dextrar prevents the formation of adhesions by a surface-coating or hydroflotation effect, whereas the barrier methods either prevent the formation of or mask adhesions by covering and isolating the injured area with an inert substance. This study compared the efficacy of two different concentrations of dextran 70 and various barriers in preventing the formation of adhesions in the temslo rabbit pelvis. Symmetrical cut and scrape lesions were made on both sides of each rabbit's uterus; for the berrier-treated animals, the lesions on one side were covered with a barrier, and the contralateral side served as a control. The barriers tested were: Gelfilm, Surgicel, Silastic, Gelfoarn paste, amnion, paritoneum, and omentum (five rabbits per subgroup). The same cut and scrape lesions were induced in 16 additional rabbits in the chemical group. These rabbits were subsequently treated with 10 ml/kg of intraperitoneal 6% dextran 70 (five rabbits), and 32% dextran 70 (five rabbits), and were compared with six external control rabbits. The severity of the adhesions that formed was graded by a numerical scoring system. The barrier methods tested resulted, generally, in an increased formation of adhesions when a comparison was made with control and with dextran-treated animals. The degree of formation of adhesions in the dextran-treated rabbits did not differ from that in the control animals. The data suggest that the barrier methods actually promote the formation of adhesions whereas the findings with dextran 70 were inconclusive.
Importance of Crown Height Ratios in Dental Implants on the Fracture Strength of Different Connection Designs: An In Vitro Study.

Purpose The aim of the present in vitro study was to assess the resistance to static fatigue of implants with different connections at various crown heights. Materials and Methods Sixty conical implants and 60 abutments were used with the smallest diameters available for each model. Three groups (n = 20) were established based on the implant connections: Morse taper O3.50 mm (group 1), external hexagon O3.50 mm (group 2), and internal hexagon O3.50 mm (group 3). Four crown heights were tested: h1 = 8 mm, h2 = 10 mm, h3 = 12 mm, and h4 = 14 mm. All groups were subjected to quasi-static loading at a 30° angle to the implant axis in a universal testing machine. Results The mean fracture strengths for group 1 were 1524 N (h1), 1469 N (h2), 750 N (h3), and 729 N (h4). Those for group 2 were 1504 N (h1), 814 N (h2), 491 N (h3), and 325 N (h4). Those for group 3 were 1543 N (h1), 672 N (h2), 403 N (h3), and 390 N (h4). Conclusions Resistance to loading decreases significantly with increasing crown height, and the connection design can affect the performance.