cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of BRCA1/2 Mutations and Variants in a Southwest Hispanic Population.

Background: There have been a limited number of studies of BRCA mutations in U.S. Hispanics. Of those previously published, two common mutations have been identified, and estimates of their prevalence vary, depending on the population studied. North American Hispanics are a heterogeneous population, consisting of Mexican, Caribbean, Central and South American descent. Furthermore, each of these groups has a significant admixture of other racial and ethnic groups. A limitation of most published studies is that they do not differentiate between these ethnically and genetically diverse Hispanics. In New Mexico, there is a large but relatively homogeneous Hispanic population. Since the University of New Mexico Cancer Center (UNMCC), sees a socially and economically diverse group of patients, the demographics of its Hispanic patients are similar to those of the whole state. Herein, we describe the prevalence of specific mutations and variants in Hispanics from a clinic-based population. Materials and Methods: A chart review of all patients evaluated for hereditary breast cancer risk from 1/1/2005 through 5/30/2009 was conducted. Data collected included patient age, self-reported ethnicity (including, if known, area of ancestral origin), cancer status, family history, BRCA testing status, including method (comprehensive analysis, Ashkenazi panel, single site, and/or comprehensive rearrangement testing), and what, if any, BRCA mutations or variants were found. Results: BRCA testing was performed on 312 patients, 70 of whom identified as NM Hispanic. Another 24 patients were of other Hispanic origins, mainly Mexican. Approximately 30% of those identified as NM Hispanic tested positive for mutations, and most mutations were found in BRCA1. All variants of uncertain significance in this group were found in BRCA2. Approximately 20% of other Hispanics tested positive for mutations, but variants of uncertain significance comprised a higher percentage of the results. In New Mexican Hispanics, 47% tested positive for BRCA1 187delAG, and another 19% tested positive for BRCA1 deletion of exons 9-12, both of which are previously described in the Hispanic populations from southern California and Colorado. Discussion: Although we found a large proportion of previously described mutations in our Hispanic population, 34% had other mutations. In this group, no mutation was seen more than once, indicating the need to offer these patients comprehensive BRCA testing or a combination of founder mutations testing followed by comprehensive sequencing. As most of our patients, even those identified as “Other Hispanic” have Colonial Spanish origins (via Mexico), this data is likely not applicable to Hispanics with other admixtures or historic arrival in the New World, such as Hispanics from the Caribbean. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4077.
We ought to agree: A consequence of repairing Goldman's group scoring rule

In Knowledge in a Social World, Alvin Goldman presents a framework to quantify the epistemic effects that various policies, procedures, and behaviors can have on a group of agents. In this essay, I show that the framework requires some modifications when applied to agents with credences. The required modifications carry with them an interesting consequence, namely, that any group whose members disagree can become more accurate by forming a consensus through averaging their credences. I sketch a way that this result can be used to show that individual norms of rationality and group norms of rationality can dictate conflicting behaviors for the members of some groups. I conclude by discussing how some of the assumptions used to generate the consensus result might be loosened.
Study on work nature and self-rated quality of life of civil servants in Beijing

Objective To understand the work status and quality of life of civil servants in Beijing,and to analyze the relationship between them. Methods With multi-stage stratified sampling,the civil servant units of Chaoyang District, Fengtai District,Xicheng District and Dongcheng District were selected from Beijing eight districts,and one or two civil servant unit was selected from each district. Questionnaires survey was conducted among civil servants aged 18 to 60 years in sample unit. Results 1106 civil servants were investigated,620 men and 480 women. 47. 7% of the people satisfied with the working condition,68. 7% of the people worked about 8 to 10 hours,52. 9% felt low frequency of great work intensity, 76. 3% liked the current work,64. 4% with competent in the job,49. 5% with higher recognition,59. 6% with sense of achievement in job. The quality of life average scores of respondents 79. 22 ± 11. 53. The results of multiple linear regression showed that respondents with the work environment satisfactory(b = 1. 601,b'= 0. 092),with less work intensity( b = 1. 614,b'=- 0. 100),job competent( b = 2. 199,b'= 0. 129),with sense of accomplishment( b = 2. 078,b'= 0. 603),with higher recognition(b = 2. 166,b'= 0. 098) had higher quality of life scores. Conclusion The self-rated quality of life of civil servants was associated with work intensity,sense of accomplishment,able to play their ability,work environment satisfactory,job recognition and job competent.
Narrative Shape-Shifting Myth, Humor & History in the Fiction of Ben Okri, B. Kojo Laing & Yvonne Vera (Hardcover) by Arlene A. Elder: James Currey (2009): 168 pages

(2010). Narrative Shape-Shifting Myth, Humor & History in the Fiction of Ben Okri, B. Kojo Laing & Yvonne Vera (Hardcover) by Arlene A. Elder: James Currey (2009): 168 pages. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 176-178.
Teaching Management in the 1980s: the United States

This paper presents a point of view as to what ‘ought to be’ a central thrust for college or university teaching of management in the 1980s. It is not a prediction of things to come. Rather, it is an attempt to shape the nature of the future. In essence, the point of view in this paper is that the teaching of management should and must involve differential diagnosis of organisations. It must recognise that not only are there common elements of management shared by most all organisations, but that there are also unique aspects. Hence, efficacious use of managerial tools and techniques involves making judicious adjustments for the uniqueness of the specific setting in which they are used. Furthermore, the teaching of management must recognise that there is a proper balance between science and art. An effort must be made to enhance the ‘art’ of management as well as the science.
Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement

Treatment of 1,1-diaryl-2-haloethylene with base affords diaryl acetylene via the intermediacy of alkylidene carbene.
Au(III) compounds as HIV nucleocapsid protein (NCp7)–nucleic acid antagonists

The HIV nucleocapsid NCp7-SL2 RNA interaction is interrupted in the presence of a formally substitution-inert gold(dien)-nucleobase/N-heterocycle AuN4 compound where the N-heterocycle serves the dual purposes of a template for "non-covalent" molecular recognition of the essential tryptophan of the protein, mimicking the natural reaction and subsequent "fixation" by Au-Cys bond formation providing a chemotype for a new distinct class of nucleocapsid-nucleic acid antagonist.
Using Kolmogorov Complexity to Study the Coevolution of Header Files and Source Files of C-alike Programs

In C-alike programs, the source code is separated into header files and source files. During the software evolution process, both these two kinds of files need to adapt to changing requirement and changing environment. This paper studies the coevolution of header files and source files of C-alike programs. Using normalized compression distance that is derived from Kolmogorov complexity, we measure the header file difference and source file difference between versions of an evolving software product. Header files distance and source files distance are compared to understand their difference in pace of evolution. Mantel tests are performed to investigate the correlation of header file evolution and source file evolution. The study is performed on the source code of Apache HTTP web server.
Berber genealogy and the politics of prehistoric archaeology and craniology in French Algeria (1860s–1880s)

Following the conquest of Algiers and its surrounding territory by the French army in 1830, officers noted an abundance of standing stones in this region of North Africa. Although they attracted considerably less attention among their cohort than more familiar Roman monuments such as triumphal arches and bridges, these prehistoric remains were similar to formations found in Brittany and other parts of France. The first effort to document these remains occurred in 1863, when Laurent-Charles Feraud, a French army interpreter, recorded thousands of dolmens and stone formations south-west of Constantine. Alleging that these constructions were Gallic, Feraud hypothesized the close affinity of the French, who claimed descent from the ancient Gauls, with the early inhabitants of North Africa. After Feraud's claims met with scepticism among many prehistorians, French scholars argued that these remains were constructed by the ancestors of the Berbers (Kabyles in contemporary parlance), whom they hypothesized had been dominated by a blond race of European origin. Using craniometric statistics of human remains found in the vicinity of the standing stones to propose a genealogy of the Kabyles, French administrators in Algeria thereafter suggested that their mixed origins allowed them to adapt more easily than the Arab population to French colonial governance. This case study at the intersection of prehistoric archaeology, ancient history and craniology exposes how genealogical (and racial) classification made signal contributions to French colonial ideology and policy between the 1860s and 1880s.
Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal AAV targeting approaches

The use of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) is highly prevalent in musculoskeletal gene therapies due to their versatility, high transduction efficiency, natural tropism and vector genome persistence for years. As the largest organ in the body, treatment of skeletal muscle for widespread and sufficient therapeutic gene expression is highly challenging. In addition to disease-specific hurdles, vector genome loss, off-target gene transfer and immune responses to treatment can diminish the overall benefit of rAAV therapies. A variety of approaches have been developed to overcome these challenges and improve musculoskeletal targeting of rAAVs. This review focuses on recent advancements and remaining obstacles in creating optimal rAAV-based therapies for musculoskeletal application.
Partial, conditional, and moderated moderated mediation: Quantification, inference, and interpretation

ABSTRACTMediation of X’s effect on Y through a mediator M is moderated if the indirect effect of X depends on a fourth variable. Hayes [(2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50, 1–22. doi:10.1080/00273171.2014.962683] introduced an approach to testing a moderated mediation hypothesis based on an index of moderated mediation. Here, I extend this approach to models with more than one moderator. I describe how to test if X’s indirect effect on Y is moderated by one variable when a second moderator is held constant (partial moderated mediation), conditioned on (conditional moderated mediation), or dependent on a second moderator (moderated moderated mediation). Examples are provided, as is a discussion of the visualization of indirect effects and an illustration of implementation in the PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS.
Transaction costs and crowding

We use industry data to determine whether crowding of the investment space is caused by portfolio construction processes typical to the investment community. In particular, this paper examines the extent that transaction cost models cause crowding of the investment space, even when the investment models are completely unrelated to one another. We find that as transaction costs become more significant in the portfolio creation process as portfolios increase in size from $500 million to $5 billion, crowding actually declines for long-only portfolios and mainly declines, but sometimes increases for market neutral portfolios. This research sheds more light on how crowding develops through actions by players within the financial system.
Multi-band spectral matching inversion algorithm to derive water column properties in optically shallow waters: An optimization of parameterization

Abstract Deriving inherent optical properties (IOPs) and other water quality parameters from satellite remote sensing data covering optically shallow environments has historically been problematic due to difficulties in separating the benthic signal from that of the water column. While recent advances have improved such retrievals, most methods have high uncertainties for very shallow (
Preliminary results on an interactive learning tool for early algebra education

Interactive learning tools allow students to explore STEM concepts deeply, improving educational outcomes. Interactive tools that use cloud computing resources can (1) explore computationally intensive concepts and (2) seamlessly link concepts to graphical representations. When these goals conflict, good design, and implementation principles are needed to (1) preserve interactive response times and (2) uphold curriculum goals. For this paper, we present an interactive cloud-based learning tool that allows students to interactively explore algebraic formulas, their corresponding graphs (including axes) and generating data. Our tool is designed with both curriculum and interactive systems support in mind and it integrates with existing classroom management platforms. Our implementation employs a careful division of work between client-side browsers and cloud servers to provide instant response times that are within human perception limits. We achieve these design goals by (1) client-side programming for interactive components, (2) sending student activity data to servers at different rates for different sharing types, and (3) align student's data with Moodle's (a popular open source classroom management system) schema. Twenty Math teachers were trained to teach Algebra to students using our interactive service. Over eighty percent of teachers trained with our system adopted it. Now, our system is deployed in 5 schools, 30 classrooms, and 1400 students.
Improving saliva shotgun metagenomics by chemical host DNA depletion

Shotgun sequencing of microbial communities provides in-depth knowledge of the microbiome by cataloging bacterial, fungal, and viral gene content within a sample, providing an advantage over amplicon sequencing approaches that assess taxonomy but not function and are taxonomically limited. However, mammalian DNA can dominate host-derived samples, obscuring changes in microbial populations because few DNA sequence reads are from the microbial component. We developed and optimized a novel method for enriching microbial DNA from human oral samples and compared its efficiency and potential taxonomic bias with commercially available kits. Three commercially available host depletion kits were directly compared with size filtration and a novel method involving osmotic lysis and treatment with propidium monoazide (lyPMA) in human saliva samples. We evaluated the percentage of shotgun metagenomic sequencing reads aligning to the human genome, and taxonomic biases of those not aligning, compared to untreated samples. lyPMA was the most efficient method of removing host-derived sequencing reads compared to untreated sample (8.53 ± 0.10% versus 89.29 ± 0.03%). Furthermore, lyPMA-treated samples exhibit the lowest taxonomic bias compared to untreated samples. Osmotic lysis followed by PMA treatment is a cost-effective, rapid, and robust method for enriching microbial sequence data in shotgun metagenomics from fresh and frozen saliva samples and may be extensible to other host-derived sample types.
Health and Economic Consequences of Mucositis

Pain is the most universal symptom associated with mucositis. Numerous studies have documented its relationship to clinically assessed mucositis severity, although the variability of scoring criteria has resulted in some scales having more concordance with patient-reported pain than others. Nonetheless, data supporting a strong association between the course of clinically reported mucositis and the level of patient-reported pain are compelling. For example, Figure 4.1 shows the correlation between mucositis severity as graded by National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC), patient-reported mouth pain, and dysphagia as reported by Cella and colleagues in a study of 323 patients receiving stomatotoxic chemotherapy.
Climate Observations and Diagnostics

An observational-statistical approach to the study of the Earth’s climate is described. The approach is based mainly on in situ atmospheric and oceanic observations which are analyzed using the conservation equations of total mass, angular momentum, energy and water. Through such analyses one can diagnose the role of the various components in the climatic system. The different observational networks and some frequently used methods of objective analysis are also presented. Finally, some examples are given to show the possibilities of the approach to the case of global and regional budgets of energy and water.
Implementation of unsupervised k-means clustering algorithm within amazon web services lambda

This work demonstrates how an unsupervised learning algorithm based on k-Means Clustering with Kaufman Initialization may be implemented effectively as an Amazon Web Services Lambda Function, within their serverless cloud computing service. It emphasizes the need to employ a lean and modular design philosophy, transfer data efficiently between Lambda and DynamoDB, as well as employ Lambda Functions within mobile applications seamlessly and with negligible latency. This work presents a novel application of serverless cloud computing and provides specific examples that will allow readers to develop similar algorithms. The author provides compares the computation speed and cost of machine learning implementations on traditional PC and mobile hardware (running locally) as well as implementations that employ Lambda.
TLR8: No gain, no pain

TLRs have been well characterized in the context of immunity, although TLR8 is understudied due to its controversial function in mice. In this issue of JEM, the new work by Zhang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180800) demonstrates that TLR8 activated by miR-21 controls neuropathic pain using a non-MyD88-dependent pathway.
Lower Neurocognitive Functioning Disrupts the Effective Use of Internet-Based Health Resources in HIV Disease: The Mediating Effects of General Health Literacy Capacity

HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment is an independent predictor of low general health literacy, which can be associated with poor disease outcomes (e.g., viremia). Given the increasing frequency with which health behaviors occur in an online environment (e.g., health information seeking, provider interactions), there is a specific need to understand the predictors of electronic health (eHealth) literacy of persons living with HIV disease. In this study, 90 HIV+ persons completed the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), which measures one’s awareness, skills and evaluation of online health resources. Participants also completed a comprehensive battery of clinical neurocognitive tests and well-validated performance-based measures of general health literacy capacity (e.g., knowledge, numeracy). Results showed that, independent of education, lower neurocognitive function was moderately related to lower eHEALS scores, particularly in the domains of learning and motor skills. Of particular note, general health literacy capacity emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between neurocognition and eHealth literacy. Thus, the adverse effects of neurocognition on health literacy capacity carries a downstream adverse influence on HIV+ persons’ awareness, skills, and evaluation of health-related resources in the online environment.
Near‐term impacts of coral restoration on target species, coral reef community structure, and ecological processes

The global decline of corals has created an urgent need for effective, science‐based methods to augment coral populations and restore important ecosystem functions. To meet this challenge, the field of coral restoration has rapidly evolved over the past decade. However, despite widespread efforts to outplant corals and monitor survivorship, there is a shortage of information on the effects of coral restoration on reef communities or important ecosystem functions. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined the effects of restoration on three major criteria: diversity, community structure, and ecological processes. We conducted surveys of four restored sites in the Florida Keys ranging in restoration effort (500–2,300 corals outplanted) paired with surveys of nearby, unmanipulated control sites. Coral restoration successfully enhanced coral populations, increasing coral cover 4‐fold, but manifested in limited differences in coral and fish communities. Some restored sites had higher abundance of herbivorous fish, rates of herbivory, or more juvenile‐sized corals, but these effects were limited to individual reefs. Damselfish were consistently more abundant at restored compared to control sites. Despite augmenting target coral populations, 3 years of coral restoration has not facilitated many of the positive feedbacks that help reinforce coral success. In a time of increasingly frequent disturbances, it is urgent we hasten the speed at which reefs recover important ecological processes, such as herbivory and nutrient cycling, that make reefs more resistant and resilient if we are to achieve long‐term restoration success.
Surgeon Mean Operative Times in Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Variety of Settings in a Health System

Abstract Background High-quality care is essential in total joint arthroplasty. Multiple initiatives such as centers of excellence, patient optimization, and alternative payment models have demonstrated improved outcomes and decreased cost. Many studies have shown that longer operative times (OTs) are associated with increased frequency of postoperative complications. These findings often come from large data sets and may not accurately represent the average OT of individual surgeons. The purpose of this study was to determine the hospital and patient-related factors that influence OT. Methods This retrospective study reviewed OT of 6003 total knee arthroplasty cases performed by 41 surgeons at 4 hospitals in a single health-care system. Mean OT was calculated for each surgeon. The effect of surgeon, hospital-, and patient-related factors on OT was assessed. Results Among the 41 surgeons, the mean OT was 105 ± 25 minutes. Two community hospitals had significantly faster OT compared with the tertiary care academic hospital. Surgeons’ OT for morbidly obese patients was significantly longer compared with normal, overweight, and obese patients. Surgeon volume, surgeon experience, trainee presence, and American Society of Anesthesiologists status did not significantly affect surgical time. Conclusions Operative time was influenced by hospital-related (tertiary, community) and patient-related (morbid obesity vs lower body mass index groups) factors. However, specific surgeon factors (surgical volume, experience), surgical team factors (presence or absence of trainee), and patient factors (American Society of Anesthesiologists status) did not significantly alter the OT. Additional studies of larger health systems are needed to examine additional patient, surgeon, and hospital factors which may influence the OT.
Effect of Whole Blueberry on Bone Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women with Mild-to-Moderate Bone Loss (P01-029-19)

Objectives To examine whether daily incorporation of 40 grams of whole blueberry into the diets of postmenopausal women with mild to moderate degree of bone loss will positively influence indices of bone metabolism.
Multiple-Proxy Seasonality Indicators: An Integrative Approach to Assess Shell Midden Formations from Late Archaic Shell Rings in the Coastal Southeast North America

Multiple-proxy seasonality studies, in combination with stratigraphic reconstructions, provide data critical to understanding how Late Archaic residents of the Georgia Bight created shell middens. ...
Methods for RFSOI Damascene Tungsten Contact Etching

GLOBALFOUNDRIES has ramped its 180nm generation RFSOI foundry technology into high volume production at multiple 200mm and 300mm fabricators. This RFSOI technology was optimized primarily for sub-6GHz RF switches, tuners, and low noise amplifiers used in cell phone front-end-modules. The thin SOI wafer top silicon layer presents challenges in contact etching and this paper summarizes the optimization of contact etching to significantly reduce the final contact dielectric thickness consumption and improve copper M1 wire to FET gate polysilicon (M1-Poly) shorting yield.
Novel Sodium Deoxycholate-Based Chemical Decellularization Method for Peripheral Nerve.

Decellularized peripheral nerve has been proven to be an effective clinical intervention for peripheral nerve repair and a preclinical cell carrier after spinal cord injury. However, there are curr...
Improvising “Nonexistent Rights”: Immigrants, Ethnic Restaurants, and Corporeal Citizenship in Suburban California

Building on Henri Lefebvre’s radical concept of “right to the city,” contemporary literatures on urban citizenship critically shift the locus of citizenship from its juridical-political foundation in the sovereign state to the spatial politics of the urban inhabitants. However, while the political discourse of right to the city presents a vital vision for urban democracy in the shadow of neoliberal restructuring, its exclusive focus on democratic agency and practices can become disconnected from the everyday experiences of city life on the ground. In fact, in cities that lack longstanding/viable urban citizenship mechanisms that can deliver meaningful political participation, excluded subjects may bypass formal democratic channels to improvise their own inclusion, belonging, and rights in an informal space that the sovereign power does not recognize. Drawing on my fieldwork in the Asian restaurant industry in several multiethnic suburbs in Southern California, this article investigates how immigrant restaurant entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers engender a set of “nonexistent rights” through their everyday production and consumption of ethnic food. I name this improvisational political ensemble corporeal citizenship to describe the material, affective, and bodily dimensions of inclusion, belonging, and “rights” that immigrants actualize through their everyday participation in this suburban ethnic culinary commerce. For many immigrants operating in the global circuits of neoliberal capitalism, citizenship no longer just means what Hannah Arendt (1951) once suggested as “the right to have rights,” or what Engin Isin and Peter Nyers (2014) reformulate as “the right to claim rights,” but also the right to reinvent ways of claiming rights. I suggest such improvisation of nonexistent rights has surprising political implications for unorthodox ways of advancing democratic transformation.
Cultural Factors in Behavioral Health: Training, Practice, and Future Directions

American Psychological Association requires that psychologists be aware of and respect the cultural characteristics of their clients which includes psychologists being aware of any biases and prejudice they may hold. Being aware of cultural characteristics, which include age, gender, ethnicity, race, religion, and other cultural factors, is important. Given the diversity in the USA, there is a need for guidelines focused on cultural consideration when working with diverse clients. In this chapter we provide an overview of cultural considerations in training, practices, and limitations in the context of service delivery.
Trials of yoga for restless legs syndrome in pregnant and postpartum women are warranted but require special considerations

Citation:Innes KE, Selfe TK. Trials of yoga for restless legs syndrome in pregnant and postpartum women are warranted but require special considerations. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(5):829–830.
Neonatal Macrosomia is an Interfering Factor for Analytes on the Colorado State Newborn Screen.

Purpose Neonatal macrosomia is a known complication of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes, and it is a risk factor for obesity and diabetes in offspring. Amino acids and acylcarnitines are biomarkers for obesity in children and adults. These analytes, which are also routinely obtained on the newborn screen, have not been well-characterized in macrosomic newborns. The impact of macrosomia on rates of false-positive results in the newborn screen has also not been well-studied. We test the hypothesis that macrosomia is an interfering factor for amino acids and/or acylcarnitines on the newborn screen. Methods Newborn screening analytes determined by tandem mass spectroscopy were obtained from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment archives (2016-2018). This included metabolite concentrations obtained at 24-72 hours of life from newborns with birth weight 2500 to 3999 g (nonmacrosomic, n = 131 896) versus 4000 to 8000 g (macrosomic, n = 7806). Mother/infant phenotypic data were limited to information provided on the newborn screening dried blood spot card. Data were analyzed using Student t-test and chi-squared analysis. Results Macrosomic newborns had elevations in C2, C3, dicarboxylic, and long-chain acylcarnitines (specifically C16 and C18 species). C3 and C18:1 were 2 to 3 times more likely to be above predetermined state cutoffs in macrosomic versus nonmacrosomic newborns (both male and female). Main conclusions Macrosomia is an interfering factor for the analytes C3 and C18:1, leading to higher risk of false-positive results for methylmalonic/propionic acidemia and carnitine palmitoyl transferase type 2 deficiency, respectively. Analyte patterns found in macrosomic neonates correspond with similar analyte patterns in obese children and adults.
The Malevolent Residue of Excessive Loyalty: Piero, Esoterica, and Suicide

This chapter continues the argument by re-examining more closely and refining the third of the four prominent readings of the thirteenth canto. In so doing, the chapter analyzes the nature of esoteric composition, an authorial art of masking one’s literary intent within surreptitious poetic style, ironic dissimulation, and metaphorical misdirection. Did Dante conceal his deepest convictions within a special code for perspicacious readers capable of piercing through literary appearances? If so, what motivation fueled this literary masquerade? Does this literary strategy invite false interpretations from the mass of readers lacking the supposed special discernment powers of the cognoscenti? In any case, how are such inquiries related to interpreting canto thirteen reasonably?
Comparison between ELISA and chemiluminescence assay in detecting Hepatitis B surface-anti-body

Objective To compare the difference between ELISA and chemiluminescence assay in de-tecting hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) serum valued in 5～100mIU/ml. Method 127 HBsAb serum samples that had valued by chemiluminescence were detected using 10 domestic ELISA kits. The correlation between the results of ELISA kits and chemiluminescence assay were analyzed. Coincidence between the results of ELISA kits and chemiluminescence at different OD value range were also analyzed. Results The detected results between 10 domestic ELISA kits and chemiluminescence assay are positive correlation (P<0.01); The optimal coincidence rates of the results of ELISA with those samples valued by chemiluminescence at more than 100mIU/ml was 99.4%; the coinci-dence rate is from 42% to 80% in cut-off±20%. The average coincidence rate is under 60%. Conclusions Though the detected results of 10 domestic ELISA reagents is related closely, the coincidence rate of the results at 5～10mIU/ ml in detecting anti-HBs is low. So it is important to make a positive standard in detecting anti-HBs. Key words: HBsAb; ELISA; Chemiluminescence
Paraspinal pseudoneoplasms: a series of 58 consultation cases emphasizing the importance of pathology-radiology correlation.

Summary A variety of non-neoplastic diseases of the spine, including herniated/sequestered intervertebral discs, synovial cysts, and degenerative or post-traumatic changes, may present as mass lesions. Over the past several years, we have seen a large number of such paraspinal pseudoneoplasms in consultation, referred out of concern for malignancy on the part of the clinician, pathologist, or both. Herein, we report our experience with these specimens, emphasizing the clinical, radiologic, and histopathological features that allow their confident distinction from various mesenchymal tumors. Fifty-eight cases were identified within our consultation archives, referred in consultation to exclude malignancy and diagnosed as non-neoplastic disease involving the intervertebral disc, ligamentum flavum, or paraspinal soft tissues (2006–2019). Available radiologic studies were reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. The histologic features of all cases were re-evaluated. Available clinical records were reviewed. The masses occurred in adults (median age 62 years, range 20–86 years) with a male predominance (35 males and 23 females). Sites included lumbar spine (N = 33), thoracic spine (N = 15), cervical spine (N = 6), paraspinal region (N = 3), and sacral spine (N = 1). In 44 cases (76%), the referring pathologist regarded the specimen as representing a benign or malignant neoplasm, either primary or metastatic. Fifteen cases (26%) were sent for second opinion at the request of the treating clinician, following an initial malignant diagnosis. Advanced imaging studies were available for re-review in 37 cases (64%) and showed herniated/extruded disc (N = 17), compression fracture (N = 9), synovial cyst (N = 8), and degenerative joint disease (N = 7). Multiple radiologic findings were seen in 9 patients. Histologically, the specimens showed a spectrum of often florid reactive changes involving degenerating disc material, ligamentum flavum, and bone. Awareness that non-neoplastic spinal processes may form pseudoneoplastic mass lesions, and careful clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation should allow their confident distinction from potential morphologic mimics.
Online narrative guides for illuminating tissue atlas data and digital pathology images

ABSTRACT The recent development of highly multiplexed tissue imaging promises to substantially accelerate research into basic biology and human disease. Concurrently, histopathology in a clinical setting is undergoing a rapid transition to digital methods. Online tissue atlases involving highly multiplexed images of research and clinical specimens will soon join genomics as a systematic source of information on the molecular basis of disease and therapeutic response. However, even with recent advances in machine learning, experience with anatomic pathology shows that there is no immediate substitute for expert visual review, annotation, and description of tissue images. In this perspective we review the ecosystem of software available for analysis of tissue images and identify a need for interactive guides or “digital docents” that allow experts to help make complex images intelligible. We illustrate this idea using Minerva software and discuss how interactive image guides are being integrated into multi-omic browsers for effective dissemination of atlas data.
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP): Linking somatic mutations, hematopoiesis, chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is the presence of a clonally expanded hematopoietic stem cell caused by a leukemogenic mutation in individuals without evidence of hematologic malignancy, dysplasia, or cytopenia. CHIP is associated with a 0.5-1.0% risk per year of leukemia. Remarkably, it confers a two-fold increase in cardiovascular risk independent of traditional risk factors. Roughly 80% of patients with CHIP have mutations in epigenetic regulators DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, DNA damage repair genes PPM1D, TP53, the regulatory tyrosine kinase JAK2, or mRNA spliceosome components SF3B1, and SRSF2. CHIP is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that has been linked to coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and venous thromboembolic disease, as well as prognosis among those with aortic stenosis and heart failure. Heritable and acquired risk factors are associated with increased CHIP prevalence, including germline variation, age, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e. smoking, obesity), inflammatory conditions, premature menopause, HIV and exposure to cancer therapies. This review aims to summarize emerging research on CHIP, the mechanisms underlying its important role in propagating inflammation and accelerating cardiovascular disease, and new studies detailing the role of associated risk factors and co-morbidities that increase CHIP prevalence.
Basal ganglia and caudate infarction following episodic hemiballism and dystonia secondary to radiotherapy-induced atherosclerosis in a patient with a right parasellar chondrosarcoma (P1.294)

Objective: Illustrate a case of ischemic infarction secondary to radiation induced atherosclerosis, preceded by hyperkinetic TIAs. Background: Paroxysmal hyperkinetic movement disorders have previously been described as TIA phenomenon. Radiotherapy has been associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Design/Methods: Case report Results: A 44 year old right-handed female with a past medical history of parasellar chondrosarcoma status-post surgical debulking and proton beam therapy (70 Gy) four years prior developed abrupt onset of recurrent “jumping, twisting” and “flinging” movements of the left arm and leg, lasting 20–30 seconds with intact motor function and coordination in between recurrences over a seven hour period which reportedly resolved with 1 mg of lorazepam. CT head demonstrated stability of the remnants of the chondrosarcoma, and no evidence of infarction. Limited sequence MRI the following day appeared unchanged from previous. Two and a half weeks later the patient awoke with left sided hemiparesis and dysarthria. MRI demonstrated an acute infarction in the right basal ganglia with evidence of slow flow manifest by absence of the right MCA flow void on T2 weighted images. The patient was transferred to our institution where biplane angiography was performed. This showed occlusion of the right MCA at its origin with focal stenosis of the proximal A-1 segment of the right ACA with robust leptomeningeal collateral supply from the right ACA and PCA. The areas of stenosis and occlusion were adjacent to the remnants of the chondrosarcoma and were felt to be an adverse effect of radiation. The patient was started on aspirin and atorvastatin and at discharge from the inpatient rehabilitation unit was able to ambulate with a cane. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the patient’s hyperkinetic movements, ipsilateral to the subsequent hemiparesis, were secondary to transient ischemia. In retrospect this may have been a window to initiate disease modifying therapy, such as aspirin and atorvastatin. Disclosure: Dr. Ruff has nothing to disclose. Dr. English has nothing to disclose. Dr. Klaas has nothing to disclose.
The fine-grained impact of gaming (?) on learning

One of the common expectations of ITS designers is that students efficiently learn from every practice opportunity. However, when students are using an Intelligent Tutoring System, they can exhibit a variety of behaviors, such as “gaming,” which can strongly reduce learning. In this paper, we present a new approach to infer the impact of gaming on learning at the fine-grained level. We integrated a knowledge tracing model of the student's knowledge with the student's gaming state (as identified by our gaming detector). We found that when gaming, students learn almost nothing (on the order of one-twelfth to one-fiftieth as efficiently). A student's gaming amount is associated with aggregate effects on his knowledge and learning, leading to less learning even in the practice opportunities where no gaming occurs. In addition, we found that students tend to game in those skills on which they have relatively low knowledge. Furthermore, we found that knowing the identity of the studentis more important than knowing the skill for predicting whether gaming will occur.
Predation intensity in a rocky intertidal community : Relation between predator foraging activity and environmental harshness.

Knowledge of predation intensity and how and why it varies among communities appears to be a key to understanding of community regulation. Along the rocky shores of New England, predation intensity in the mid intertidal zone appears to be low with exposure to severe wave shock, low desiccation stress, and a sparse cover of canopy algae, and high at areas protected from waves, with high desiccation potential and a dense cover of algae. As a result, predators at exposed headlands have no controlling influence on community structure, while at protected sites, they exert a strong and controlling effect on community structure.Experimental-observational studies of the effects of wave shock and desiccation on survival, foraging range and activity of the primary predator in this community (Thais lapillus) indicate that: (1) wave shock is a continuous and actual source of mortality at exposed sites but is relatively unimportant at protected sites; (2) mortality rates from desiccation at protected sites are potentially high and greater than at exposed sites; however, (3) actual desiccation stress is greatly reduced at protected sites by a dense algal canopy; (4) mortality from desiccation is greater in the higher mid intertidal than in the lower mid intertidal. Comparisons of activity patterns of Thais from April through November (these snails are usually active from May to early October) at an exposed and a protected site suggest snails at the former site restrict their active feeding to crevices while those at the latter site forage throughout the habitat. Field experiments support this hypothesis. Hence, differences in predator effectiveness at exposed and protected communities are probably due in part to the influence of wave shock. Exposed areas receive frequent severe wave shock in all seasons, even summer. Thus, the risk of being swept off the shore for snails foraging away from the shelter of a crevice at such areas is apparently great and exerts a strong selective force on foraging range. The importance of waves as a selective agent is further reinforced by the fact that crevices are nearly barren of prey, while just a few cm beyond the limits of the crevice, prey occur in great abundance.In contrast, at protected sites wave shock is never as severe as at exposed sites and is a relatively minor factor among several which might affect the foraging activity of a Thais. A major factor which varies among protected sites is the algal canopy. The influence of this factor is considered in a companion paper.
Debt and Equity Characteristics of Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Stock

Abstract. This study examines whether mandatorily redeemable preferred stock (MRPS) is priced more like debt or equity by (1) investigating its debt and equity characteristics and (2) specifying conditions under which one characteristic would dominate the other. Based on a sample of 113 nonconvertible MRPS issued during 1970 to 1990, our results are consistent with the view that MRPS has both debt and equity characteristics. The debt (equity) feature is more pronounced among nonutility (utility) issues. Within the utility group, we find high (low) rated MRPS issues to be more debt (equity) like. Our results appear to support current MRPS disclosure rules.
PKC translocation and ERK1/2 activation in compensated right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to chronic emphysema.

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is an important complication of chronic lung disease. However, the signal transduction pathways involved as well as the physiological changes to the right ventricle have not been investigated. Emphysema was produced in male, Syrian Golden hamsters by intra-tracheal instillation of 250 IU/kg elastase (Emp, n = 17). Saline treated animals served as controls (Con, n = 15). Nine months later, Emp hamsters had 75% greater lung volume, and evidence of RVH at the gross and myocyte level (RV:tibia length Emp 6.84 ± 1.18 vs. Con 5.14 ± 1.11 mg/mm; myocyte cross sectional area Emp 3737 vs. Con 2695 μm2), but not left ventricular hypertrophy. Serial echocardiographic analysis from baseline to nine months after induction of emphysema revealed increasing right ventricular internal dimension and decreased pulmonary artery acceleration time only in Emp hamsters. There was an increase in translocation of PKC βI and PKC e from cytosolic to membranous cell fractions in RV of Emp hamsters. Phosphorylation of PKC e was unchanged. Translocation of PKC α and βII were unchanged. Emp animals had a 22% increase in phospho-ERK 1/2, but no change in levels of total ERK 1/2 compared to Con. These data suggest that PKC βI, e and ERK 1/2 may play a role in mediating compensated RVH secondary to emphysema and may have clinical relevance in the pathogenesis of RVH.
Nonlinear Fuzzy Control Based on The Vector Fields of The Phase Portrait Assignment Algorithm

A design technique and the stability analysis of fuzzy-logic controllers for a class of nonlinear systems are studied. A new algorithm called `the phase portrait assignment algorithm', is introduced in order to establish a control rulebase that stabilizes a nonlinear feedback system by using the vector fields in the state space. This technique can substitute for classical control methods when the latter suffer from uncertainties since it provides flexibility, robustness, and asymptotic stability. The methodology provides a bridge between qualitative reasoning and stability of nonlinear feedback control systems even if a priori information is relatively unreliable. The design procedure of the phase portrait assignment algorithm is followed by stability analysis for nonlinear fuzzy regulators. As an example, a one degree-of-freedom robot arm is used for demonstrating the performance and the merits of the proposed fuzzy control mechanism.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE: A NEW TEST OF THYROIDAL AND PITUITARY RESERVE

Abstract Intravenous administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) induces a prompt rise in immunoassayable thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) and triiodothyronine (T3) in normal man. Basal T.S.H. levels are high in primary hypothyroidism and rise dramatically after T.R.H. In patients with hypothyroidism secondary to pituitary disease basal T.S.H. levels are low and show no increase with T.R.H. In contrast, 2 patients with hypothalamic hypothyroidism had nil basal levels of T.S.H., which rose normally after T.R.H. administration. Basal T3 levels were low in all forms of hypothyroidism and did not rise after T.R.H. administration. The failure of T3 to increase normally after T.R.H. in the 2 patients with hypothalamic hypothyroidism in the face of a normal T.S.H. stimulation test suggests a diminished thyroidal reserve in these patients. Intravenous T.R.H. administration may prove of value in the simultaneous assessment of pituitary and thyroidal reserve.
Entropy-energy balance in noisy quantum computers

We use entropy-energy arguments to assess the limitations on the running time and on the system size, as measured in qubits, of noisy macroscopic circuit-based quantum computers.