cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-rate control system design for distributed parameter systems via induced L/sup 2/ mixed sensitivity optimization

The problem of designing near-optimal finite-dimensional controllers for stable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) distributed parameter plants under multi-rate sampled-data control is discussed in this paper. A weighted H/sup /spl infin//-style mixed-sensitivity measure penalizing the control is used to define the concept of optimality. Controllers are found by solving a finite-dimensional sampled-data optimization. A priori computable conditions for the approximants are provided such that the resulting finite-dimensional controllers stabilize the multi-rate sampled-data controlled distributed parameter plant and are near optimal. The proof is dependent upon a key fact that the control input is appropriately penalized in the optimization. Another assumption of the presented technique is the plant may be approximated uniformly by finite-dimensional systems. It is shown how the optimal performance may be approximated to any desirable level accuracy by solving a single finite-dimensional problem using a suitable finite-dimensional approximant. No finite-dimensional spectral factorizations have been utilized. This paper provides a straight forward approach of control design for a large class of MIMO distributed parameter systems under multi-rate sampled-data control.
Dynamical flavorSU(2) breaking in quantum chromodynamics

We show that the dynamical breakdown of flavorSU(2) symmetry does not take place in quantum chromodynamics, thus confirming an assertion of Vafa and Witten. Our conclusion is also consistent with the conventional belief that symmetries are dynamically broken and nonchiral vectorlike symmetries are not realized as spontaneously broken symmetries.
Effects of hypertension state induced by norepinephrine on liver in a swine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Objective To study the effects of norepinephrine (NE)-induced hypertension (HT) on hepatic function and pathology after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in swine.Methods After 4 minutes of induced ventricular fibrillation (VF),standard CPR was carried out,and then the NE was pumped after ROSC.The survivors were then divided into two groups by the random digits table.In the HT group (n=5) the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained at 130% of the baseline (MAP before VF),and in the normal pressure (NP) group (n= 5) the MAP was maintained at the baseline level.At the same time,the animals of two groups received normal (AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in blood samples obtained at baseline and at 10 minutes,2 hours and 4 hours after ROSC.At 24 hours after ROSC,the animals were killed and the liver was removed to determine Na~+-K~+-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activities and pathological changes under light and electron microscopy.Results The heart rate (HR),MAP,cardiac output (CO) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) were obviously higher,while the oxygen extraction ratio was lower in the HT group than in the NP group.Compared with NP group,AST in the HT group was lower at ROSC 2 hours,4 hours[ROSC 2 hours :(110.5±12.1 ) U/L vs.( 141.8±8.1) U/L; ROSC 4 hours:(118.2±14.1) U/L vs.(175.0±14.3) U/L,both P＜0.05],LDH was lower at ROSC 4 hours [(18.1±1.9)μmol·s~(-1)·L~(-1) vs.(20.7±1.9) μmol·s~(-1)·L~(-1)，P＜0.05],hut ALT showed no significant difference between two groups after Rosa.ATPase activity in the HT group[Na~+-K~+-ATPase:(2.054±0.716) U,Ca~(2+)-ATPase:(1.889±0.450) U]was a little lower than that of the NP group [Na~+-K~+-ATPase:(3.274±0.710) U,Ca~(2+)-ATPase:(2.746±0.778) U],but without statistical significance (both P＞0.05).Compared with the NP group,there was less cellular edema,necrosis or inflammatory cells infiltration,and less damaged mitochondria in HT group.Conclusion These data suggest that HT induced by NE helps to maintain stable hemodynamic status and oxygen metabolism,and may protect the liver in terms of function and cellular injury after CPR. Key words: Norepinephrine; Cardiac arrest; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Liver; Histology
Soft-Body Robot Fish

New mechanism paradigms are needed to improve robot performance and resilience in harsh environments. Soft continuous mechanisms can be simpler and more robust than the stiff-discrete assemblies traditionally found in robotics. Herein, a methodology to design underactuated soft robots is presented and its application to fish-like robots is outlined. The principle is simple, a flexible viscoelastic continuous body is designed with the appropriate material heterogeneity such that dominant modes of vibration match desired body motions. Design examples are given for different fish-like robots and actuation units. Fabrication techniques and testing procedures are presented along with locomotion performance. The approach is general and can be applied to bodies with more complex target kinematics and offers a promising alternative for mobile robots.
Evaluation of Wheat-Grain Quality Attributes

Wheat is the leading source of food for humankind. Nearly all wheat is processed to varying degrees and made into a limitless array of foods. As such, ‘quality’ is a subjective assessment of suitability for a given process, food, or use. Quality variation derives from compositional and physical attributes of grains. Methods to evaluate wheat-grain quality are designed to measure this functional variation.
Maize Plant Resilience to N Stress and Post-silking N Capacity Changes over Time: A Review.

We conducted a synthesis analysis on data from 86 published field experiments conducted from 1903 to 2014 to explore the specific consequences of post-silking N accumulation (PostN) in New Era versus Old Era hybrids on grain yield (GY) and recovery from plant N stress at flowering (R1 stage). The Old Era encompassed studies using genotypes released before, and including, 1990, and the New Era included all studies using genotypes released from 1991 to 2014. Mean N fertilizer rates for experiments in the Old and New Era were similar (170 and 172 kg ha-1, respectively), but plant densities averaged 5.0 plants m-2 in the Old Era versus 7.3 plants m-2 in the New Era studies. Whole-plant N stress at R1 for each hybrid, environment and management combination was ranked into one of three categories relative to the N Nutrition Index (NNI). The key findings from this analysis are: (i) New Era genotypes increased the proportion of the total plant N at maturity accumulated post-silking (%PostN) as N stress levels at R1 increased - demonstrating improved adaptability to low N environments, (ii) New Era hybrids maintained similar GY on a per plant basis under both low and high N stress at R1 despite being subject to much higher population stress, (iii) PostN is more strongly correlated to GY (both eras combined) when under severe R1 N stress than under less acute N stress at R1, (iv) the New Era accumulated more total N (an increase of 30 kg N ha-1) and higher %PostN (an increase from 30% in Old to 36% in New Era) , and (v) the change in stover dry weight from silking to physiological maturity (ΔStover) has a positive, linear relationship with PostN in the Old Era but less so in the New Era. This increased understanding of how modern genotypes accumulate more N in the reproductive stage and have more PostN and GY resilience to mid-season N stress, even when grown at much higher plant densities, will assist trait selection and N management research directed to improving maize yields and N efficiencies simultaneously.
Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Websites: The Moderating Roles of Perceived Risk and Product Category Knowledge

A direct-to-consumer website (DTCW) is defined as a brand-sponsored website that offers prescription drug information to the general public. As such, it is a promotional effort by a pharmaceutical firm, similar to direct-to-consumer advertising in magazines or on television. Increasingly, Americans search online for prescription drug information; 33% of American adults and 45% of Internet users have looked online for drug information (Fox and Jones 2009). Thus, pharmaceutical firms are putting enormous resources into developing brand-specific websites. Also, DTCW has become a vital and ideal source of drug and health information for consumers (Davis 2010). With the growth of DTCWs, several concerns regarding the efficacy of these sites have been raised. For example, studies show that information presented in a DTCW is not highly reliable (e.g., Huh, DeLorme, and Reid 2005). However, past studies largely focused on the website design and its features. Prescription drug information is also disseminated by non-commercial third-party websites. For example, PubMed Health’s website, produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, offers exhaustive facts about drugs. This website often appears near the top of search engine results for most prescription medications. Yet, despite the growing importance of DTCWs, relatively little is known about differences in consumers’ evaluation of pharmaceutical brands and information found on DTCW versus third-party websites. It is unclear whether a non-commercial third-party website produces more favorable consumer evaluations than a company-sponsored DTCW. In addition, research has yet to examine the influence of consumer characteristics (e.g., risk perception and product knowledge) in such evaluation. Thus, the current research attempts to address these issues by examining consumers’ evaluations of a third-party versus a brand-sponsored website. It also investigates the moderating effects of perceived risk and product category knowledge.
A compendium for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies.

A decline in the prevalence of accelerated hypertension and hypertensive emergencies has been due, in part, to increased awareness, improved detection, and more aggressive therapy. Yet, such emergencies continue to present a challenge to the emergency-room and primary-care physician. This compendium reviews the agents currently available for parenteral administration to manage the hypertensive emergency. Those conditions most commonly associated with such emergencies and a plan for initial management are also presented. The indications, advantages, and disadvantages of each agent, as well as dosage recommendations and available preparations, are considered. The management of urgent hypertension with selected orally administered drugs is also discussed.
Introduction: Comics and Modernism

Comics and modernism, it could be said, served to coproduce each other. Phillip Wegner notes that like its kin-form, film, mass-circulated newspaper comic strips “emerge in the late-nineteenth-century context of a nascent cultural modernism” (para. 4). Many modernist artists and critics, moreover, relied on these newer forms and technologies as a defining point of contrast, taking them as the detritus of a degraded commercial culture in opposition to modernist experimentation and expression. Irving Howe, defender of modernist ideals into the postwar period, characteristically argues in his 1948 essay “Notes on Mass Culture” that comic strips and Hollywood cinema alike “suppress the free play of the unconscious” (47): “comic characterization consists of persistent identification of each name with an outstanding personality trait” and that “[l]ike comic strips, though seldom so simply, movie stars also tend to become identified in the mass mind with one personality strand” (48). For Howe and many of modernism’s leading exponents, comics — not only newspaper strips but also the comic books arriving on American newsstands in the mid-1930s — function as modernism’s wretched Other. Not all modernists took such a dim view of comics, of course. In the US, litterateurs and cultural critics including Gilbert Seldes, Dorothy Parker, and e.e. cummings praised comics and cartoons as examples of a vibrant American folk culture or, to use Seldes’s formulation, the vernacular “lively arts.” Nevertheless, the view of comics as emblematic of a disreputable consumer culture prevailed, even as film acquired cultural legitimacy, thanks largely to the dominance of the fundamentally modernist auteur theory found in influential midcentury film journals such as Cahiers du cinema. And yet Michael Wood, in an essay on modernism and film, points out that despite the temptation “to argue that all films are Modernist, that the cinema itself is an accelerated image of modernity,” the medium has demonstrated a “yearning to become the twentieth century’s version of the nineteenth century’s novel” by consistently
Isolated midbrain lesion resulting from closed head injury: a unique presentation of ataxic hemiparesis.

On decrit un malade qui a presente un traumatisme crânien relativement benin sous perte de conscience qui a entraine une lesion des voies corticospinales et cerebelleuses afferentes ascendantes dans le mesencephale sans autre signe de lesion cerebrale. On discute la nature inhabituelle de ce traumatisme de sa tres bonne delimitation par l'IRM et les correlats neuroanatomiques du syndrome d'hemiparesie ataxique
Communal Risk Information Sharing Motivations Behind Voluntary Information Sharing for Reducing Interdependent Risks in a Community

This article extends our understanding of risk communication related to communal risk and risk information sharing. Building on research from risk communication, organizational behavior, and social psychology, it examines individual-, relation-, and community-level motivations to share information about a devastating plant disease. This disease can bring about substantial economic risk to everyone in a farming community. We tested our hypotheses using a national sample of U.S. tomato and potato growers (N = 452). Our findings show that growers were motivated to share information about a communal risk based on (a) individual-oriented concerns for economic costs, (b) relation-oriented concerns for reciprocation and the information recipient’s trustworthiness, and (c) community-oriented concerns comprising a sense of shared responsibility and community cohesiveness.
Associations of an abnormal Pap test result with attitudes and beliefs relevant to cervical cancer: a study of rural Appalachian women

To compare women who recall being informed of an abnormal Pap to those not having this experience relative to attitudes and beliefs pertaining to screening for cervical cancer. Four hundred women were recruited from eight rural Appalachian counties, in 2013 and 2014. Women completed a paper-and-pencil survey after providing written informed consent. Bivariate associations and age-adjusted associations were calculated between the self-reported experience of being told of an abnormal Pap test result and eight attitudes/beliefs relative to the prevention of cervical cancer. Data analyses were performed in 2014. The mean age was 40.2 years (range 30–64 years). Eighteen women chose not to answer the question asking about ever having an abnormal Pap test result, leaving n = 382. Of the 382 women who did answer, 122 (30.6 %) indicated having an abnormal Pap test result and the remaining 260 (65.2 %) indicated never having this experience. With the exception of one item assessing knowledge that HPV is the cause of cervical cancer, between-group differences in attitudes, beliefs, and intent to have a Pap test the next time one is due were not observed. Although we hypothesized that women ever having an abnormal Pap test may have actively sought to learn more about cervical cancer and its prevention, findings suggest that this is not the case. Informing women of an abnormal result could be coupled with a high-intensity counseling designed to improve attitudes and beliefs relative to women’s role in protecting themselves from cervical cancer.
Perspectives on the Future

This chapter covers material for a proposed new course. As the foresight field grows and evolves, it becomes more difficult to fit new material into existing courses. Eventually a new course becomes necessary, presenting a challenge to an already full core-curriculum. Thus, the material here will likely find its home as an elective, and fills a role of holding tank for some of the newer perspectives, skills, and content that has emerged.
Regeneration through Occultism

Many of L’Italia futurista would have agreed with such naturists as Paul Carton and Jacques Demarquette that physical well-being was to be combined with the cultivation of spirituality. To nourish the physical with the spiritual was the achievement of a supreme wisdom, one that would lead humans to their ultimate elevation, and to participation in cosmic life (see Section 3.1). Most of the avant-garde artists and writers of L’Italia futurista stressed the value of what was spiritual. They were intrigued by supernatural phenomena and the possibility of communication with other worlds, and by such systems of esoteric thought as theosophy and anthroposophy. They were aware of the popularity gained by certain mediums in Italy and elsewhere, and by artists and scientists who were attempting to capture the invisible.
Proviral DNA Cloning

There are two primary considerations when preparing to clone a retrovirus, particularly HIV. The first is choosing the source of viral DNA, and the second is selecting an appropriate cloning vector.
Efficacy of precipitated calcium carbonate in managing fusarium root rot of field pea

Recently, root rots caused by Fusarium spp. have become a major constraint for field pea production in North Dakota. With the inadequate disease management options currently available, this study was initiated to determine whether precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), a byproduct of the sugar processing industry, could be used for managing fusarium root rots of field pea. The efficiency of PCC in controlling Fusarium species associated with root rots was evaluated in vitro and under greenhouse, and field conditions. Effect of PCC on growth characteristics of six Fusarium spp. viz., F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. graminearum, and F. oxysporum, commonly associated with pea root rot was evaluated in vitro. Significant reduction in conidia production, conidial germination, and dry mycelial weight were recorded in presence of PCC in growth media. In the greenhouse, PCC efficacy was tested at varying rates (equivalent to 0, 2.2, 5.6, 11.2, and 22.5 t/ha of field application (corresponding to 0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 t/ac, respectively)) in pot culture experiments containing soil infested with F. avenaceum and F. solani, the two most aggressive and common Fusarium pathogens associated with field pea root rots in North Dakota. Significant reduction in root rot disease severity was observed in both F. avenaceum, and F. solani infested pots at all rates of PCC application compared to the controls. Similar results were obtained from multi-location field experiments conducted in 2010 and 2011 with reduction in root rot severity following application of PCC. Results from this study demonstrated that PCC has the potential to serve as a strategy for Fusarium root rot management in field pea.
Grasslands, wetlands, and agriculture: the fate of land expiring from the Conservation Reserve Program in the Midwestern United States

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is the largest agricultural land-retirement program in the United States, providing many environmental benefits, including wildlife habitat and improved air, water, and soil quality. Since 2007, however, CRP area has declined by over 25% nationally with much of this land returning to agriculture. Despite this trend, it is unclear what types of CRP land are being converted, to what crops, and where. All of these specific factors greatly affect environmental impacts. To answer these questions, we quantified shifts in expiring CRP parcels to five major crop-types (corn, soy, winter and spring wheat, and sorghum) in a 12-state, Midwestern region of the United States using a US Department of Agriculture (USDA), field-level CRP database and USDA's Cropland Data Layer. For the years 2010 through 2013, we estimate almost 30%, or more than 530 000 ha, of expiring CRP land returned to the production of these five crops in our study area, with soy and corn accounting for the vast majority of these shifts. Grasslands were the largest type of CRP land converted (360 000 ha), followed by specifically designated wildlife habitat (76 000 ha), and wetland areas (53 000 ha). These wetland areas were not just wetlands themselves, but also a mix of land covers enhancing or protecting wetland ecosystem services (e.g., wetland buffers). Areas in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and southern Iowa were hotspots of change, with the highest areas of CRP land moving back to agriculture. By contrast, we estimate only a small amount (~3%) of the expiring land shifted into similar, non-CRP land-retirement or easement programs. Reconciling needs for food, feed, fuel, and healthy ecosystems is an immense challenge for farmers, conservationists, and state and federal agencies. Reduced enrollment and the turnover of CRP land from conservation to agriculture raises questions about sustaining ecosystem services in this region.
Executive Functioning and Engagement in Physical and Relational Aggression among Children with ADHD

Although evidence suggests that executive functioning (EF) impairments are implicated in physically aggressive behavior (e.g., hitting) these cognitive impairments have rarely been examined with regard to relational aggression (e.g., gossip, systematic exclusion). Studies also have not examined if EF impairments underlie the expression of aggression in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and if child gender moderates risk. Children with and without clinical elevations in ADHD symptoms (N = 124; ages 8–12 years; 48 % male) completed a battery of EF tests. Parent and teacher report of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and teacher report of engagement in physical and relational aggression were collected. Models tested the unique association of EF abilities with physical and relational aggression and the indirect effect through the expression of ADHD or ODD behaviors; child gender was also tested as a moderator. EF impairment was uniquely associated with physical aggression, but better EF ability was associated with relational aggression. For boys, poor EF also was indirectly associated with greater physical aggression through the expression of ADHD behaviors. However, ADHD symptoms were unrelated to relational aggression. ODD symptoms also predicted physical aggression for boys but relational aggression for girls. Results suggest that there are multiple and distinct factors associated with engagement in physical and relational aggression and that better EF may actually promote relational aggression. Established models of physical aggression should not be assumed to map on to explanations of relational aggression.
The association of diabetes and obesity with prostate cancer aggressiveness among Black Americans and White Americans in a population-based study

Purpose Few studies have investigated the role of race in the association of diabetes and obesity with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Here we evaluate the independent association between diabetes and obesity with prostate cancer aggressiveness in White Americans and Black Americans.
Speech and nonspeech: What are we talking about?

AbstractUnderstanding of the behavioural, cognitive and neural underpinnings of speech production is of interest theoretically, and is important for understanding disorders of speech production and how to assess and treat such disorders in the clinic. This paper addresses two claims about the neuromotor control of speech production: (1) speech is subserved by a distinct, specialised motor control system and (2) speech is holistic and cannot be decomposed into smaller primitives. Both claims have gained traction in recent literature, and are central to a task-dependent model of speech motor control. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate thinking about speech production, its disorders and the clinical implications of these claims. The paper poses several conceptual and empirical challenges for these claims – including the critical importance of defining speech. The emerging conclusion is that a task-dependent model is called into question as its two central claims are founded on ill-defined and inconsis...
Pharyngeal swallowing pressures in the base‐of‐tongue and hypopharynx regions identified with three‐dimensional manometry

Objectives This study aims to use three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution manometry to identify circumferential pressure patterns generated within the asymmetrical base-of-tongue and hypopharynx regions of the pharynx during deglutition. Study Design Case series. Methods Radial pressures in the regions of interest were evaluated during swallowing events in 12 healthy subjects using 3D high-resolution manometry. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed asymmetrical pharyngeal clearance pressures in the base-of-tongue and hypopharynx regions during swallowing. A significant main effect of direction on pressure was found at the time point of average maximum pressure (P < 0.001) and for pressure integral (P < 0.001), with pressure primarily generated from the posterior direction. An interaction was noted between direction and location when comparing maximum directional pressures, regardless of time (P =0.045), highlighting the differences in anterior pressure production between regions. In contrast to the high posterior pressures produced in the base-of-tongue region, an anteroposterior dominant pressure pattern was observed in the hypopharynx. Pressure waveform complexity in the hypopharynx also is likely attributed to activity in the anterior and posterior directions. Symmetrical pressure generation was observed during intrabolus flow within the hypopharynx. Conclusion This study shows that pressure is asymmetrically generated in the base-of-tongue and hypopharynx regions during swallowing of a 10-mL bolus, reflecting the complex anatomy within the pharynx. Understanding of these complex pressure patterns aids in the interpretation of high-resolution manometry and can help guide further study in the clinical assessment and treatment of pharyngeal pathology. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1989–1995, 2017
Is nitric oxide an essential mediator in cervical inflammation and preterm birth

AbstractOBJECTIVE: Cervical ripening is an obligatory step in the process of preterm birth. We hypothesize an inflammatory challenge to the cervix leads to an increase in nitric oxide production disrupting the cervical epithelial barrier leading to preterm birth.STUDY DESIGN: For this study, three experiments were performed: (1) Using a mouse model, pregnant mice were treated with an intrauterine injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were sacrificed and cervices were collected for molecular analysis. (2) Immortalized ectocervical and endocervical cells were treated with either LPS or the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Media and RNA was collected for analysis. (3) The integrity of the epithelial cell barrier was evaluated using an in vitro permeability assay.RESULTS: The expression of iNOS was increased in our mouse model with LPS (p < 0.005). In vitro, LPS did not increase nitrate or nitrite concentrations or mRNA expression of iNOS. Permeability increased in the presence o...
Reverse PT phase transition via adiabatic elimination

In PT dimers, we show that transitions between the symmetric and broken phases can be reversed through inclusion of strongly coupled passive dimers that act as two-mode adiabatic bridges between the gain and loss sites.
Turbulent jet ignition assisted combustion in a rapid compression machine

Abstract Numerical simulations of turbulent jet ignition (TJI) and combustion in a rapid compression machine (RCM) are conducted by a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian large eddy simulation/filtered mass density function (LES/FMDF) computational model. TJI is a novel method for initiating combustion in ultra-lean mixtures and often involves one or several hot combustion product turbulent jets, rapidly propagating from a pre-chamber (PCh) to a main chamber (MCh). An immersed boundary method is developed and used together with LES to handle complex geometries and to decrease the complexity and computational cost of the Monte Carlo (MC) particle operations, while maintaining the high accuracy of the hybrid LES/FMDF model. Analysis of numerical data suggests three main combustion phases in the RCM-TJI: (i) cold fuel jet, (ii) turbulent hot product jet, and (iii) reverse fuel-air/product jet. The effects of various parameters (e.g., the igniter location, mixture composition, and wall heat transfer) on these phases are studied numerically. It is found that the turbulent jet features and the MCh combustion are very much dependent on the PCh ignition details. Igniting the PCh at the lower locations close to the nozzle forces the PCh charge to fully participate in the PCh combustion and prevents the unburned fuel leaking to the MCh. It also leads to longer discharge of the PCh hot products into the MCh with more uniform jet velocity, enhancing the MCh combustion. The results predicted by LES/FMDF are found to be comparable with the available experimental data, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Serving Those Who Serve: Exploring Military Medical Students’ Perspectives

Veterans and students enrolled in military-sponsored programs, such as the Health Professions Scholarship Program and National Guard, are joining civilian medical and other health professions schools in increasing numbers. This study aimed to explore the particular needs and perspectives of military students at a US civilian medical allopathic school. In October–November 2012, two focus groups with military medical students were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Focus groups were digitally recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed through an inductive iterative review and recurring themes were identified. Seven (44% of all eligible) military medical students participated in the focus groups. The main themes that emerged from focus groups included leadership, camaraderie, pros and cons of early identification, the need for flexibility in the curriculum to accommodate military duties, anxiety regarding the military match, the need for information and resources, the need for stage-appropriate mentorship, uncertainty about the future, and the need for additional support for veterans. Further research is warranted to explore military student perspectives in more depth and help create an inclusive learning environment, where all military students feel valued and adequately supported.
Rare Earth Elements in the Magnets Application Field

After the data dilemma has been described, that a lot of data and information exists but as well manifold inconsistent data sets are around which are usually not addressed now the focus is put towards the magnet materials to illustrate a new approach to contribute to a partial solution for the problem. First some basics about magnets and magnet technology have to be explained.
Zur Wohlgestaltung des richtigen Menschen

Die artgerechte Haltung des richtigen Menschen hangt sehr stark mit dem System zusammen, in dem und fur das er lebt. Der richtige Mensch passt sich gerne in die Sozialisierung ein. Er ist gerne in Gesellschaft. Er halt es fur ein Grundaxiom seines richtigen Denkens, dass der Wert des Menschen weitgehend durch den Wert der gemeinsamen Kultur bestimmt ist. Der richtige Mensch ist auf die Errungenschaften der Kultur und der Wissenschaft stolz, halt sich etwas zugute auf die fortschrittliche Staatsform, auf die Sicherheit des Lebens, die ihm die Gesetze, die Polizei und notfalls die starke Armee bieten. Die Gesellschaft mit allen Rahmenbedingungen ist fur ihn so etwas wie eine erweiterte Heimat, wie ein riesiggroses Wohnzimmer, in dem es sich gemutlich mit anderen zusammen leben lasst. Da sich der richtige Mensch dort wohl fuhlt, ist das System naturlich irgendwie das halbe Leben. „Ich bin ein Familienmensch“, sagen manche. Oder: „Ich bin ein Gesellschaftsmensch.“ – „Ich bin ein Gemeinschaftsmensch.“ – „Ich bin ein Vereinsmensch.“
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Amount of Young Forests and Implications for Biodiversity

Forest inventory data provide simple indicators of forest structural diversity in the form of forest age distributions and their change over time. A result of past land use and disturbance, more than half of the 51 million ha of forest in the Central Hardwood Region is between 40 and 80 years old and young forest up to 10 years old constitutes only 5.5% of the area. Simulations of a sustained level of management over time produce more uniform (flatter) age-class distributions. A management scenario designed to maintain about 7% of total forest area as young habitat results in a region-wide young forest deficit of one million ha relative to current conditions. However, management activities that create an average of 200 ha of additional young forest per county per year would be sufficient to erase that deficit.
High Reliability Systems by Multiplexing

A multiplex systems, a system equivalent to a series of n structures of m parallel elements which is sometimes called component redundancy, is studied and found to be superior to a parallel system consisting of m parallel redundant structures of n units..
Mechanical contribution of expiratory muscles to pressure generation during spinal cord stimulation

Lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) results in the generation of large positive airway pressures (Paw) and may be a useful method of restoring cough in patients with spinal cord injury. Th...
Cases for Analog Mixed Signal Computing Integrated Circuits for Deep Neural Networks

Computing technology has been a backbone of our society. Its importance is hard to overemphasize. Today, we again confirm its extreme importance with recent advances in deep neural networks. Those emerging workloads impose an unprecedented amount of arithmetic complexity and data access beyond our existing computing systems can barely handle. Particularly, mobile and embedded computing systems will face a major challenge in achieving energy-efficient computing for truly enabling intelligent systems. In this talk, we will discuss the emerging analog and mixed-signal circuit techniques to improve energy efficiency. We will discuss two recent cases using such techniques, one on the speech recognition processor in hybrid analog and digital circuits and the other on the embedded SRAM circuits that support analog-mixed-signal in-memory (in-bitcell) computing for convolutional and deep neural networks.
Combined Plant and Control Co-Design for Robust Disturbance Rejection in Thermal-Fluid Systems

A significant increase in electrification is driving the need for thermal management systems that are more robust to transient thermal loads. Unfortunately, thermal-fluid systems are typically designed using steady-state assumptions, an approach that often neglects, or constrains, the closed-loop transient performance. To meet the demand for improved thermal management in next-generation systems, new design paradigms are needed. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for co-design of thermal-fluid systems that explicitly targets system efficiency, via entropy generation rate, as a design metric. We leverage a nested co-design architecture to tradeoff nominal (steady-state) efficiency with transient efficiency while also ensuring robustness to highly transient disturbances. The use of highly parameterized nonlinear and linearized first principles models, as opposed to empirical models, enables optimization of a larger set of design variables. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach through a simulated case study by comparing it to a conventional design approach.
Diversity and evolution of actin-dependent phenotypes.

The actin cytoskeleton governs a vast array of core eukaryotic phenotypes that include cell movement, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, and cytokinesis. Although the basic principle underlying these processes is strikingly simple — actin monomers polymerize into filaments that can depolymerize back into monomers — eukaryotic cells have sophisticated and layered control systems to regulate actin dynamics. The evolutionary origin of these complex systems is an area of active research. Here, we review the regulation and diversity of actin networks to provide a conceptual framework for cell biologists interested in evolution and for evolutionary biologists interested in actin-dependent phenotypes.
Steady Vortex Rings in a Uniform Flow and Rearrangements of a Function

We prove the existence of steady vortex rings of an ideal fluid in a uniform flow. We use an approach based on a variational principle for the vorticity. We show equally that the maximiser (which represents a quantity related to the vorticity) of a functional related to kinetic energy and the impulse over a class of rearrangements of a prescribed function $$\zeta _0$$, is in fact a rearrangement of $$\zeta _0$$.
The Function of Monoamines in the Rabbit Retina

Over the last several years we have described the action of dopamine and indoleamine drugs on the activity of ganglion cells in the rabbit retina in the mesopic state (Jensen & Daw, 1984, 1986; Brunken & Daw, 1987, 1988a, 1988b). The prime action of dopamine is that it reduces the sensitivity of both ON and OFF responses, while D1 antagonists reduce or abolish the surround responses in both ON and OFF center cells. The prime action of serotonin is that it increases spontaneous activity and responses in ON cells, while 5HT2 antagonists have an opposite effect. For both transmitters there is a second receptor with actions opposite to the firsts: D2 receptors with actions opposite to D1, and 5HT1A receptors with actions opposite to 5HT2• There are other effects which will be described below, but these are the prime ones.
Passion meets procrastination: comparative study of negative sales associate behaviours

This study explores procrastination, a negative work behaviour, and its unlikely source, job passion. A dualistic conceptualization of job passion is explored in retail sales associate samples from the United States and China. The study tests relationships between harmonious job passion (HJP) and obsessive job passion (OJP) and the contingent effects of job satisfaction and salary level on their relationship to procrastination.,Data came from an online survey issued in the United States and China. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical linear regression.,The analyses provide mixed findings. HJP is negatively associated with procrastination in both countries, while OJP's positive relationship is mixed. A post-hoc analysis testing the three-way interaction effect of OJP, job satisfaction and salary level on procrastination reveals a positive relationship to OJP in both countries.,The study demonstrates that job passion can have both positive (HJP) and negative (OJP) work behaviour outcomes.,Brick-and-mortar retailers facing a saturated and highly competitive environment need HJP employees to drive superior customer service. This study demonstrates that employees with OJP may engage in negative behaviours which could further impair retail performance. Expanding empowerment and flexibility may heighten HJP and minimize OJP.,This study explores the dualistic conceptualization of job passion in a retail environment using cross-cultural samples.
Combined primary carnitine deficiency with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency in a Chinese newborn

Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the carnitine cycle and resulting in defective fatty acid oxidation. Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder and one of the main causes of inherited neonatal cholestasis. Both PCD and NICCD are included in the current expanded newborn screening (NBS) targets. Targeted exome sequencing was performed on a Chinese proband, and Sanger sequencing was utilised to validate the detected mutations. The patient who was initially suspected to have PCD based on the NBS results presented with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis and ventricular septal defect. Further investigations not only confirmed PCD but also revealed the presence of NICCD. Four distinct mutations were detected, including c.51C > G (p.F17L) and c.760C > T (p.R254X) in SLC22A5 as well as c.615 + 5G > A and IVS16ins3kb in SLC25A13. This is the first reported case of PCD and NICCD occurring in the same patient. The dual disorders in a newborn broaden our understanding of inherited metabolic diseases. Thus, this study highlighted the importance of further genetic testing in patients presenting with unusual metabolic screening findings.
National Hospital Initiatives to Improve Performance on Heart Failure Readmission Metrics.

Abstract Background The passage of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) has been associated with been associated with decreased risk-standardized readmission rates for heart failure (HF) patients. However, some quantitative analyses have shown association between HRRP and increased mortality for hospitalized HF patients. Qualitative information on what hospital programs were actually implemented can help us understand if this trend is a causal effect of the law or an unrelated trend. Purpose To perform a systematic literature review to synthesize evidence on what clinical programs American hospitals implemented in response to HRRP. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review in April 2020 that included a search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Literature (CINAHL) for studies related to hospital strategies to reduce HF readmissions. Results Of 20 included articles, 8 were qualitative (survey and interviews), 3 were systematic reviews, 5 were single site quality improvement (QI) initiatives, 2 were plans for ongoing randomized control trials (RCTs), one was a plan for a future RCT and one was an observational analysis. We found that interventions hospitals undertook in response to HRRP to reduce HF readmissions fell into four categories: inpatient care, discharge, transitional care and data collection/administration. The majority of interventions were related to transitional care, most commonly scheduling follow up appointments within 7–14 days of discharge, performing post-discharge phone calls and partnering with community physicians. Conclusions We did not find any published evidence of practices that could mechanistically be linked to harm to HF patients enacted by hospitals in response to HRRP. For example, no programs encouraged emergency department providers to discharge patients from emergency departments. We found QI initiatives, improved discharge planning and increased post-discharge follow up.
Boundary Defense Against Cyber Threat for Power System State Estimation

The operation of power grids is becoming increasingly data-centric. While the abundance of data could improve system efficiency, it poses major reliability challenges. In particular, state estimation aims to find the operating state of a network from the telemetered data, but an undetected attack on the data could lead to making wrong operational decisions for the system and trigger a large-scale blackout. Nevertheless, understanding the vulnerability of state estimation with regards to cyberattacks, which is a special instance of graph-structured quadratic sensing problem, has been hindered by the lack of tools for studying the topological and data-analytic aspects of networks. Algorithmic robustness is critical in extracting reliable information from abundant but untrusted grid data. For a large-scale power grid, we quantify, analyze, and visualize the regions of the network that are not robust to cyberattacks in the sense that there exists a data manipulation strategy for each of those local regions that misleads the operator at the global scale and yields a wrong estimation of the state of the network at almost all buses. We also propose an optimization-based graphical boundary defense mechanism to identify the border of the geographical area in which data have been manipulated. The proposed method does not allow a local attack to have a global effect on the data analysis of the entire network, which enhances the situational awareness of the grid, especially in the face of adversity. The developed mathematical framework reveals key geometric and algebraic factors that can affect algorithmic robustness and is used to study the vulnerability of the U.S. power grid in this paper.
Characterization of human pregnane X receptor activators identified from a screening of the Tox21 compound library

Abstract The pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) is an important nuclear receptor whose main function is to regulate enzymes within drug metabolism. The main drug metabolizing enzyme regulated by PXR, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, accounts for the metabolism of nearly 50% of all marketed drugs. Recently, PXR has also been identified as playing a role in energy homeostasis, immune response, and cancer. Due to its interaction with these important roles, alongside its drug-drug interaction function, it is imperative to identify compounds which can modulate PXR. In this study, we screened the Tox21 10,000 compound collection to identify hPXR agonists using a stable hPXR-Luc HepG2 cell line. A pharmacological study in the presence of a PXR antagonist was performed to confirm the activity of the chosen potential hPXR agonists in the same cells. Finally, metabolically competent cell lines – HepaRG and HepaRG-PXR-Knockout (KO) – were used to further confirm the potential PXR activators. We identified a group of structural clusters and singleton compounds which included potentially novel hPXR agonists. Of the 21 selected compounds, 11 potential PXR activators significantly induced CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepaRG cells. All of these compounds lost their induction when treating HepaRG-PXR-KO cells, confirming their PXR activation. Etomidoline presented as a potentially selective agonist of PXR. In conclusion, the current study has identified 11 compounds as potentially novel or not well-characterized PXR activators. These compounds should further be studied for their potential effects on drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions due to the immense implications of being a PXR agonist.
Outcomes of a Scholarly Activity Curriculum for Family Medicine Residents

Background and objectives Scholarship is essential to growth and innovation in family medicine. Moreover, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Review Committee-Family Medicine requires family medicine residents to complete scholarly activities. However, many residents lack the training and confidence to successfully conduct such activities. In the year 2014, our residency implemented a scholarly activity curriculum to train our residents to plan, complete, and disseminate research and quality improvement projects. We sought to evaluate the impact of one institution's scholarly activity curriculum for family medicine residents on resident scholarly activity productivity. Methods We reviewed the scholarly activities conducted by our family medicine residents in the 5 years after initiation of the scholarly activity curriculum and compared them to those conducted in the 5 years prior to initiation of the curriculum. Results Since 2014, the percentage of residents who coauthored at least one poster increased significantly, from 55.2% in 2009-2014, to 82.5% in 2014-2019 (Pl.001). In the academic years 2014 to 2019, residents also coauthored significantly more book chapters compared to the 5 years prior to the curriculum. Conclusions Our curriculum has been successful in improving resident scholarly activity productivity as evidenced by a significant increase in the percentage of residents coauthoring posters and the total number of book chapters written by residents.