cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A problem-oriented classification of visualization techniques

Progress in scientific visualization could be accelerated if workers could more readily find visualization techniques relevant to a given problem. The authors describe an approach to this problem, based on a classification of visualization techniques, that is independent of particular application domains. A user breaks up a problem into subproblems, describes these subproblems in terms of the objects to be represented and the operations to be supported by a representation, locates applicable visualization techniques in a catalog, and combines these representations into a composite representation for the original problem. The catalog and its underlying classification provide a way for workers in different application disciplines to share methods. >
Nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: a role in high glucose-induced apoptosis in retinal Müller cells.

PURPOSE. To assess the corneal iontophoretic delivery of gentamicin by drug-loaded hydrogel probe, and to determine the resultant ocular disposition and elimination of the drug from the cornea and anterior chamber. METHODS. Corneal iontophoresis of gentamicin sulfate was studied in healthy white rabbits by using drug-loaded disposable hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogel disk probes and a portable mini-ion device designed in the authors’ laboratory. The iontophoretic treatment was performed with a current intensity of 1 mA for 60 seconds only. Three control groups were used: mock iontophoresis (no current) for 60 seconds, topical eye drops of fortified gentamicin (1.4%) every 5 minutes for 1 hour, and subconjunctival injection of 0.25 mL of 40 mg/mL gentamicin solution. The animals in the iontophoretic experimental groups were killed at predetermined time points. The gentamicin concentrations in the cornea and aqueous humor were assayed with a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Analysis of the gentamicin eye pharmacokinetics was performed with a modeling approach. RESULTS. Peak gentamicin concentrations in the cornea (363.1 127.3 g/g) and in the aqueous humor (29.4 17.4 g/mL) were reached at 0 and 2 hours after the iontophoretic treatment, respectively. The peak gentamicin concentrations after a single iontophoresis treatment were 12 to 15 times higher than those obtained after gentamicin injection or after topical eye drop instillation, and much higher than in mock iontophoresis. The concentration versus time profile of gentamicin in the cornea and the anterior chamber after iontophoresis was appropriately described by applying a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. CONCLUSIONS. A short iontophoretic treatment using gentamicin-loaded hydrogels has potential clinical value in increasing drug penetration to the anterior segments of the eye and maintaining therapeutic drug levels in the cornea for more than 8 hours. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:2543–2548)
Psychophysical signatures associated with magnocellular and parvocellular pathway contrast gain

Physiological data have revealed characteristic contrast gain and temporal integration signatures of the magnocellular (MC) and the parvocellular (PC) pathways. The goal in this study was to find psychophysical correlates of these signatures. Psychophysical forced-choice, luminance pedestal discrimination data were collected with a stimulus-surround display. A 2.05 degrees four-square stimulus array was varied from 73 to 182 trolands (Td) in a larger 115-Td surround. When the stimulus array was pulsed briefly, discrimination thresholds showed a minimum at the surround retinal illuminance, increasing in a V shape when the stimulus array was incremental or decremental to the surround. When the stimulus array was presented continuously as a steady pedestal within the constant 115-Td surround, discrimination thresholds increased monotonically with stimulus array retinal illuminance, obeying a slope of unity. Exposure duration variation showed temporal summation to extend to longer durations for the pulse increments and decrements than for the steady pedestal condition. Discrimination thresholds for pulsed medium-sized contrast steps showed the contrast pedestal paradigm showed the temporal signature of the MC pathway. Discrimination thresholds for small pedestal steps of the stimulus array from a steady pedestal showed the contrast gain signature of the MC pathway. The data suggested a difference in the spatiotemporal control of adaptation of the two pathways: The MC pathway adapted locally to the stimulus array, while the PC pathways showed little evidence of local adaptation. The experiments show that characteristic signatures of MC- and PC-pathway processing can be demonstrated by use of psychophysical procedures.
Endovascular repair of blunt thoracic aortic injury: techniques and tips.

Since the initial report 1 of treating blunt aortic injuries (BAI) with endovascular methods, its application in the traumatically injured patient has continued to gain acceptance and use. This may be attributed to an increase in the number of available thoracic stent grafts as well as the accumulation of experience by endovascular specialists. Additionally, experience has revealed several important procedural details that help ensure a successful result. This article describes the techniques and tips that may be useful to optimize outcomes for this high-risk group of patients. EVALUATION
Interactive voxel graphics in virtual reality

Interactive voxel graphics in virtual reality poses significant research challenges in terms of interface, file I/O, and real-time algorithms. Voxel graphics is not so new, as it is the focus of a good deal of scientific visualization. Interactive voxel creation and manipulation is a more innovative concept. Scientists are understandably reluctant to manipulate data. They collect or model data. A scientific analogy to interactive graphics is the generation of initial conditions for some model. It is used as a method to test those models. We, however, are in the business of creating new data in the form of graphical imagery. In our endeavor, science is a tool and not an end. Nevertheless, there is a whole class of interactions and associated data generation scenarios that are natural to our way of working and that are also appropriate to scientific inquiry. Annotation by sketching or painting to point to and distinguish interesting and important information is very significant for science as well as art. Annotation in 3D is difficult without a good 3D interface. Interactive graphics in virtual reality is an appropriate approach to this problem.
Stabilization and shock-capturing parameters in SUPG formulation of compressible flows

Abstract The streamline-upwind/Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) formulation is one of the most widely used stabilized methods in finite element computation of compressible flows. It includes a stabilization parameter that is known as “τ”. Typically the SUPG formulation is used in combination with a shock-capturing term that provides additional stability near the shock fronts. The definition of the shock-capturing term includes a shock-capturing parameter. In this paper, we describe, for the finite element formulation of compressible flows based on conservation variables, new ways for determining the τ and the shock-capturing parameter. The new definitions for the shock-capturing parameter are much simpler than the one based on the entropy variables, involve less operations in calculating the shock-capturing term, and yield better shock quality in the test computations.
Two-Mesh Tuned Coupled Circuit Filters

Tuned coupled circuits have been the subject of many investigations, but few of these have produced results which are useful to the design engineer. A direct attack, avoiding the special terminology and procedures of general filter theory, seems the most effective. Several such attacks have been made, but either the results have not been fully developed, or serious restrictions have been placed upon the circuits. One common restriction is that the circuits are identical; another, that they are coupled by a pure reactance. These limitations made the resulting theory inapplicable to the study of such important matters as detuning, unequal circuit resistances, resistance in the coupling impedance, etc. In this paper, a reasonably simple analysis is developed which is free from the foregoing objections. The results include and collect into a correlated whole many relations which have been derived before, as cvell as a number of new ones. Circuits which are tuned alike and coupled by a pure reactance are treated first. Universal resonance curves are developed which make it possible to determine rapidly the characteristics of any pair of isochronous circuits, once their constants are known. Formulas are derived for band width at any given number of decibels down, ratio of height of peaks to valley, etc. It is shown that the concept of critical coupling is inadequate when the circuit resistances are unequal, and a new quantity, transitional coupling, is introduced. Methods for the design of a tunable filter of constant band width are developed.
Viscosity modulates blood glucose response to nutrient solutions in dogs.

Abstract The relationship between postprandial blood glucose levels and meal viscosity was studied by adding various combinations of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose to glucose solutions and administering them to female mongrel dogs. Glucose was administered as 5% or 20% solutions in water. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was dissolved in the glucose solutions to yield low (5000 cP measured at 37°C and 1 s −1 ), medium (15 000 cP) or high (30 000 cP) viscosities. High viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose significantly reduced the maximum blood glucose concentration, C max , by 60% (5% glucose meal) and 40% (20% glucose meal) while reducing the area under the blood level vs. time curve (AUC 0–3 h ) by 40–50%. Medium viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose reduced the C max at both glucose levels, but reduced the AUC only for the 5% glucose meal. Low viscosity HPMC lowered the C max only after the 5% glucose meal, and had no significant effect on the AUC at either glucose level. The average time to reach maximum concentration, T max , was prolonged two- to three-fold at all viscosity levels for the 5% glucose solutions, but was not affected when 20% glucose solutions were administered. It was concluded that hydroxypropylmethylcellulose can effectively retard the absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract, and that the extent of this effect is related to the viscosity of the solution administered.
Teachers' Perceptions and Expectations and the Black-White Test Score Gap

Scholars have documented that Black students enter kindergarten with weaker reading skills than their White counterparts and that this disparity sometimes persists through secondary school. This Black-White performance gap is even more evident when comparing students whose parents have equal years of schooling. This article evaluates how schools can positively affect this disparity by examining two potential sources for this difference: teachers and students. It provides evidence for the proposition that teachers' perceptions, expectations, and behaviors interact with students' beliefs, behaviors, and work habits in ways that help to perpetuate the Black-White test score gap.
The effect (or lack of it) of an ultrashort pulse’s spatial profile on the single-shot measurement of its temporal profile

A non-uniform spatial profile could distort single-shot pulse measurements. But, surprisingly, we show that these effects are significantly reduced by several fortuitous aspects of the GRENOUILLE technique and so usually have little effect in practice.
Efficient generation of clinical EEG contour maps

A contour-generating algorithm tailored to suit the requirements of a Unix-based clinical electroencephalography system is described. The module is incorporated into a data acquisition and graphics processing system designed to monitor continually a four-bed epilepsy unit. The program provides two-dimensional outlines of EEG isolevel contours, facilitating visual identification of epileptic events for diagnosis. The algorithm is fast, simple, and robust and integrates smoothly into the clinical environment. >
Slow crack propagation in a heavily-filled particle reinforced epoxide resin

The fracture properties of two proprietary composite dental restorative materials and a model composite system were studied to determine the effects of filler concentration, exposure to water, and particle/polymer adhesion on subcritical crack propagation. Particle content ranged from 36 to 60 volume percent. The double torsion (DT) test was used to measure relationships between the stress intensity factor (K1) and the speed of decelerating cracks or the rate of loading in dry and wet materials in air at laboratory conditions. Materials with weak particle/polymer interfaces fractured by continuous crack growth in both dry and wet conditions. In dry and wet materials with strong interfaces, continuous cracking also occurred at the low end of the range of speeds observed (10−7 to 10−3 m/s), but under test conditions of high crack speeds unstable (stick-slip) crack propagation was found in dry specimens and in wet model composites with 41 percent vol, filler. Water had a corrosive effect lowering K1c for continuous crack propagation. The exponential dependence of K1c on crack velocity, representing the viscoelastic response of the materials, was positively correlated to the filler concentration and the plasticizing effect of water. Observations on fracture surfaces indicate that low velocity cracks (<10−5 m/s) propagate through regions of high stress concentrations (interfaces, corners, pores) while at higher crack velocities failure occurs by a combination of interparticle and transparticle fracture.
Antigenicity and cutaneous toxicity of N-(4′-(9-acridinylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl)-methanesulfonamide (AMSA; NSC-249992) in guinea pigs and rabbits☆☆☆

Abstract Dermal rashes appearing in personnel involved in the bulk formulation of the antineoplastic agent AMSA prompted this investigation of the allergenicity and cutaneous irritation potential of the drug in rabbits and guinea pigs. Maximization testing of AMSA in guinea pigs resulted in a 100% skin sensitization rate. A 14-day cutaneous irritation study using a modified Draize test did not show any potential of AMSA to produce skin irritation on intact or abraded skin. AMSA did not induce antibodies in rabbits which could be detected by passive hemagglutination, cutaneous anaphylaxis, Arthus reactivity, or delayed hypersensitivity in rabbits. AMSA also failed to sensitize guinea pigs for systemic anaphylaxis.
Dynamic tactile sensing: perception of fine surface features with stress rate sensing

Dynamic tactile sensing, which is defined as sensing during motion for perception of high spatial and temporal frequencies, is presented. Applications include sensing fine surface features and textures and monitoring contact conditions for dextrous manipulation. One type of dynamic tactile sensor, the stress rate sensor, is described in detail. It uses piezoelectric polymer transducers to measure the changes in stress induced in the sensor's rubber skin as it traverses small surface features and textures. The signals are interpreted with the aid of a solid mechanics model of the contact interaction and a linear deconvolution filter. Experimental verification of the sensor's performance, including the detection of surface features only 6.5 mu m high, are presented. >
Semantic memory and the human hippocampus.

Summary edge that are designed to assess semantic memory, normal individuals could be advantaged by being able It has been unclear whether the hippocampus is uniquely important for episodic memory (memory for to remember episodic details about the time or place in which they acquired the factual information. If so, events that are specific to time and place) or whether the hippocampus is also important for learning and impaired performance by patients on tests about facts could reflect their poor episodic memory rather than remembering facts (semantic memory). In two studies, we assessed the capacity for semantic memory in poor semantic memory (Tulving, 1991). In two experiments, we have assessed the capacity patients with bilateral damage thought to be restricted primarily to the hippocampal region who developed for semantic memory in patients with damage thought to be limited primarily to the hippocampal region (Figure memory impairment at a known time. Since the onset of their memory impairment, the patients have ac- 1; Table 1). Both experiments assessed how much pa- tients had learned since the onset of amnesia (during quired less factual knowledge than controls. The pa- tients also exhibit temporally limited retrograde amne- their period of anterograde amnesia) as well as how much they could remember from the period before the sia for factual information from the several years preceding the onset of memory impairment. Remote onset of amnesia. Thus, we assessed both the severity of anterograde amnesia for factual knowledge and the memory for factual knowledge (from 11-30 years be- fore amnesia) is intact. The results show that the hip- severity and extent of retrograde amnesia for factual knowledge. In experiment 1, five patients were asked pocampal region supports semantic memory as well as episodic memory and that its role in the acquisition questions about notable news events that had occurred either before or after the onset of their amnesia. In exper- and storage of semantic knowledge is time limited.
The excitation of a perfectly conducting half-plane by a dipole field

Starting with the solution of two scalar problems in diffraction theory derived by MacDonald in 1915, it is shown that the following problem may be solved. An electric or magnetic dipole is situated in the presence of a semi-infinite, perfectly conducting, thin plane. This problem may be solved by appealing to an appropriate representation of the electromagnetic field. When the formulation is complete, we are left merely with a two-dimensional Poisson equation. The method serves to show why some orientations of the dipole are simpler to handle than others.
Design approach for a high-resolution microwave imaging radio camera

Abstract The angular resolution of an imaging device is the order of the reciprocal of the number of wavelengths across the aperture. To achieve the high resolution typical of optical instruments at microwaves, apertures miles in size may be required. The requirements for such a device, called a radio camera, are conformality with the terrain, a sparsely filled aperture of randomly (or nearly so) located elements, self-adaptive beam forming and a source of microwave illumination. Based on this design approach, a 1000 -ft L-band radio camera is under development at the Valley Forge Research Center of the Moore School. This paper discusses the status of current development of the device.
Public‐Value Failure: When Efficient Markets May Not Do

The familiar market-failure model remains quite useful for issues of price efficiency and traditional utilitarianism, but it has many shortcomings as a standard for public-value aspects of public policy and management. In a public-value-failure model, I present criteria for diagnosing values problems that are not easily addressed by market-failure models. Public-value failure occurs when: (1) mechanisms for values articulation and aggregation have broken down; (2) “imperfect monopolies” occur; (3) benefit hoarding occurs; (4) there is a scarcity of providers of public value; (5) a short time horizon threatens public value; (6) a focus on substitutability of assets threatens conservation of public resources; and (7) market transactions threaten fundamental human subsistence. After providing examples for diagnosis of public-values failure, including an extended example concerning the market for human organs, I introduce a “public-failure grid” to facilitate values choices in policy and public management.
No Difference in Adverse Events between Surgically Treated Reduced and Unreduced Distal Radius Fractures

Objectives To determine if closed reduction is worthwhile for the subset of patients who choose operative treatment before attempted reduction of their distal radius fracture. We hypothesize that there are no differences in (1) adverse events and (2) subsequent surgeries between patients treated with manipulative reduction compared with those that were splinted without reduction. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Three affiliated urban hospitals in a single city in the United States. Patients/participants One thousand five hundred eleven consecutive adult patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of their distal radius fracture between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012, of whom 102 (7%) were not reduced before surgery. Intervention Manipulative reduction compared with splinting without reduction. Main outcome measurements Adverse events were defined as any infections, hematomas treated operatively, disproportionate finger stiffness, (transient) neuropathology after surgery, delayed carpal tunnel release, malunion, reoperation for loss of alignment, hardware removal, and tendon ruptures within 1 year after surgery. Outcome measures were grouped to determine the overall adverse event rate and subsequent surgery rate. Results We found no difference in specific adverse events between unreduced and reduced fractures. After adjusting for possible confounding variables by logistic regression, we found no difference in overall rates of adverse events (adjusted odds ratio unreduced fractures 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.67-2.0) and subsequent surgeries (adjusted odds ratio unreduced fractures 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.23-1.8). Conclusions Leaving the fracture unreduced before surgery was not associated with increased adverse events or subsequent surgeries. For patients who make an informed decision to undergo operative treatment for their closed neurovascular intact displaced distal radius fracture, manipulative reduction may not be helpful.
Structure and Function of Skin Glands

It is fitting that in this symposium on “Chemical Signals in Vertebrates” we concern ourselves first with the tissue and glandular sources of chemical signals. The particular chemical signals selected for consideration here are the pheromones. These have been defined as chemical signals secreted to the outside of the body by one individual, and received by a second individual of the same species, in which, as a result, a specific reaction occurs. This reaction can be manifested as a definite and characteristic behavior or behavior pattern, or the modification of a particular physiological or developmental process (Karlson and Luscher, 1959; Butler, 1970). Although the definition of pheromones and appreciation of their biological significance derived primarily from chemical signals in insects, work of both earlier and recent date demonstrates the importance of pheromones for vertebrate animals of different groups from fish to “higher” mammals.
Michigan's New Court of Appeals: An Introduction

Governor George Romney signed legislation creating Michigan’s new Court of Appeals on June 11, 1964. A primary election for its first judges was set for that September. The purpose of this brief article, published in the August 1964 Michigan Bar Journal, was to acquaint lawyers, and the electorate in general, with the jurisdiction of the court and how its judges would be selected. The author was legal counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee, where the legislation originated.
“Finding the Joy in the Unknown”: Implementation of STEAM Teaching Practices in Middle School Science and Math Classrooms

In response to a desire to strengthen the economy, educational settings are emphasizing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum and programs. Yet, because of the narrow approach to STEM, educational leaders continue to call for a more balanced approach to teaching and learning, which includes the arts, design, and humanities. This desire created space for science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education, a transdisciplinary approach that focuses on problem-solving. STEAM-based curricula and STEAM-themed schools are appearing all over the globe. This growing national and global attention to STEAM provides an opportunity for teacher education to explore the ways in which teachers implement STEAM practices, examining the successes and challenges, and how teachers are beginning to make sense of this innovative teaching practice. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of STEAM teaching practices in science and math middle school classrooms, in hopes to provide research-based evidence on this emerging topic to guide teacher educators.
Sequence-Specific Recognition of MicroRNAs and Other Short Nucleic Acids with Solid-State Nanopores

The detection and quantification of short nucleic acid sequences has many potential applications in studying biological processes, monitoring disease initiation and progression, and evaluating environmental systems, but is challenging by nature. We present here an assay based on the solid-state nanopore platform for the identification of specific sequences in solution. We demonstrate that hybridization of a target nucleic acid with a synthetic probe molecule enables discrimination between duplex and single-stranded molecules with high efficacy. Our approach requires limited preparation of samples and yields an unambiguous translocation event rate enhancement that can be used to determine the presence and abundance of a single sequence within a background of nontarget oligonucleotides.
Transformational And Transactional Leaders In Higher Education

The purpose of the study was primarily concerned with exploring the major issues that are confronting presidents of higher education and determining if transformational or transactional leadership practices and concepts are warranted in addressing their issues. The study attempted to determine if presidents or institutions of higher education are taking the path to success and if they take charge with a transformational or transactional leadership style.
Resilience and Disparities among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adults.

Increasing diversity is a defining feature of the growing older adult population across the globe. The expanding multicultural older adult population presents both opportunities and challenges in healthcare and gerontological research and public policy. Despite tremendous advancements in health, minority and historically disadvantaged communities bear higher levels of illness, disability, and premature death. A primary commitment of the National Institutes of Health (2010) is to reduce and eliminate health disparities, which are defined as differences in health impacting communities that have, as a result of social, economic, and environmental disadvantage, systematically encountered obstacles to good health (Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Yet, the unique health and aging needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults are rarely addressed in research or policy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) identifies research on sexual orientation as one of the most pronounced gaps in health disparities research. A recent report by the Institute of Medicine (2011) ascertains that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults are one of the least understood groups in terms of their health and aging-related needs. In a 25-year review of the literature, Fredriksen-Goldsen and Muraco (2010) conclude that health research is glaringly absent in studies about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender aging. It is important to recognize and understand the prevalence of health disparities by sexual orientation among older adults and the unique factors that characterize the experiences and needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults as they age. In addition, there are implications of such disparities in aging-related public policy, services, and research. Understanding aging across these historically disadvantaged groups expands our knowledge of the diverse experiences and needs of the older adult population. In the first study funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute on Aging to address the aging and health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults 50 years of age and older, important new findings provide a portrait of the health disparities and strengths in these communities (Fredriksen-Goldsen et al., 2011). Collectively, data from a state-level population based study and data from a national survey of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults reveal essential knowledge about the prevalence of health disparities and resilience in these communities.
Synthesis and Crystallographic Analysis of Shape-Controlled SnS Nanocrystal Photocatalysts: Evidence for a Pseudotetragonal Structural Modification

Tin sulfide, SnS, is a narrow band gap semiconductor comprised of inexpensive, earth abundant, and environmentally benign elements that is emerging as an important material for a diverse range of applications in solar energy conversion, energy storage, and electronics. Relative to many comparable systems, much less is known about the factors that influence the synthesis or morphology-dependent properties of SnS nanostructures. Here, we report the synthesis of colloidal SnS cubes, spherical polyhedra, and sheets and demonstrate their activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. We also study their morphology-dependent polymorphism using an in-depth crystallographic analysis that correlates high-resolution TEM data of individual nanocrystals with ensemble-based electron diffraction and powder XRD data. These studies reveal that the crystal structure adopted by the SnS cubes and spherical polyhedra is expanded along the a and b axes and contracted along c, converging on a pseudotetragonal c...
The Effects of Water-Based Exercise on Muscle activity and Gait Ability in Stroke Patients

Purpose: This study attempts to determine the effects of water-based exercise performed on stroke patients in their muscle activity of lower extremity and gait ability tests. Methods: The subjects were 20 stroke patients, who were randomly divided into a water-based exercise group and a land-based exercise group, each including 10 patients. Both exercises were performed 3 days per week, for 40 minutes a day, for a period of eight weeks. Results: The water-based exercise group showed a greater increase in muscle activity of lower extremity compared to the land-based exercise group. The water-based exercise group showed a greater increase in gait ability than the land-based group, showing a significant difference and better efficiency of water-based exercise when compared to land-based exercise. Conclusion: From the result of this study, we found that water-based exercises are more effective in improving muscle activity of lower extremity and gait ability. The patient is considered to be used by itself to involve the treatment and the risk of falling from the lowered state into the treatment method for the intensive treatment of stroke patients to be useful in improving the strength and ability to walk.
Pavlov and The Bolshevik:From Confrontation to Cooperation

The Soviet Union was in a volatile situation and was involved in a national disaster in the first several years after the momentous event of the October Revolution.Physiologist Pavlov's scientific research was significantly influenced during this period and he roundly denounced the Bolshevism.While,the government of Soviet Union had taken a tolerant attitude to his criticism and supported his research,as a result Pavlov began to cooperate with the Soviet Union.
Chondritis of the Burned Ear: A Review:

Seventy-six patients with burns of the ears presented to the Western Pennsylvania Hospital Burn Trauma Center over a three year period. To prevent chondritis, all ears were treated prophylactically with periauricular hair shaving, daily cleaning, avoidance of pressure dressings and Sulfamylon Burn Cream. Chondritis developed in two patients. Aspects of auricular chondritis prevention and treatment are reviewed. Biology of the disease is discussed.
The Necessity of Philosophy

The crisis of Marxism deepens, interest in Marxism explodes in America. A group of French philosophers declares the death of Marxism,5 a British analytic philosopher of language defends Marx’s theory of history, pronouncing it an infant science.6 At the same time, Andre Gorz, standing somewhere between the two extremes, proclaims that Marxism is at once an indispensible way of looking at the social world but has “lost its prophetic value.”’ Throughout Latin America, radical theologians discover in Marxism an important way to liberate theology from its “other-worldly” predilections, but combining the teachings of the Christian church with the “scientific” teachings of historical materialism.8 But those reared in the tradition of critical social theory — like Jurgen Habermas, whose Marxist roots were sunk into the eroded soil of post-war German social democracy — have decided that a reconstruction of historical materialism was needed.9 Such a theory would, according to Habermas, recognize the moral and cognitive dimensions of social transformation where Marxism has refused such recognition; a new kind of historical materialism is necessary to insert a principle of intersubjectivity as an objective constituent of the historical process. Habermas seeks a secular ground for moral development and a spiritual ground for secular evolution.
Two-dimensional /sup 3/He in /sup 4/He films

Measurements and analysis of heat capacity for /sup 3/He in /sup 4/He films at temperatures below 350 mK are reported. The data show that /sup 3/He is less bound to the free surface of the /sup 4/He film than to the bulk /sup 4/He surface, and that it has a larger effective mass. Both of these parameters depend on /sup 3/He surface coverage. The /sup 3/He dissolved within the film behaves as a two-dimensional system for sufficiently thin /sup 4/He films.
Negative feedback regulation of thyrotropin subunits and pituitary deiodinases in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus.

Abstract Thyroxine (T 4 ) undergoes dynamic daily cycles in the perciform fish the red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus , that are inversely timed to cycles of thyrotropin (TSH) subunit mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. We have proposed that these daily cycles are regulated by negative feedback of circulating T 4 on expression of pituitary thyroid hormone deiodinase type 3 ( Dio3 ), such that elevated circulating T 4 results in diminished pituitary thyroid hormone catabolism and consequent increased negative feedback on expression of TSH subunits during the day. To determine whether thyroid hormones function to modulate expression of pituitary deiodinase enzymes we developed an immersion technique to administer physiological doses of T 3 and T 4 in vivo . Immersion in T 4 or T 3 significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of the TSH α and β subunits from 4 to 66 h of immersion. Pituitary Dio3 expression was significantly diminished by T 3 and T 4 at 22 h. These results indicate that both T 4 and T 3 are capable of negative feedback regulation of TSH subunit expression in red drum at physiological concentrations and on a time scale consistent with the T 4 daily cycle. Furthermore, thyroid hormones negatively regulate Dio3 expression in the pituitary in a manner suggesting that negative thyroxine feedback on Dio3 promotes the release of TSH subunits from TH inhibition and may be an important mechanism for generating daily thyroid hormone cycles. These results highlight a potentially important role for D3 in mediating thyroid hormone feedback on TSH expression, not previously described in other species.
Brown queer compositionistas and the reflective practice of automythnography.

ABSTRACTAutoethnographic self-reflection is a strategy for teachers to examine their pedagogies and academic workspaces at large. In the process of moving from teaching composition at an institution in the Midwest to one in Southeast Queens, this author describes significant shifts in how she perceived herself as a Brown queer pedagogue. In order to analyze these shifts in ways that advance her pedagogical praxis, the author evaluates the research tools available to her and offers a hybrid method for reflection, which she calls “vulnerable automythnography.” Applying this reflective practice to a specific classroom occurrence, the author considers some ways in which vulnerable automythnography offers underrepresented teachers and students an opportunity to examine the aggressions Black, Brown, and queer bodies face in academic settings. She posits this method of reflection as a tool for savvy resistance and intervention.
Headache and Ginseng-Related Cerbral Arteritis

A 28-year-old woman who had a severe headache after ingesting a large quantity of ethanol-extracted ginseng was diagnosed with cerebral arteritis in the Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
Patterns and mechanisms of invasive plant impacts on North American birds: a systematic review

Understanding how invasive plants affect biodiversity is a crucial conservation need. Numerous studies examine impacts of invasions on birds, but trends in these effects have not been synthesized. We reviewed 128 studies from North America to quantify the frequency of positive, negative, and neutral (non-significant) effects of invasive plants on avian ecology, and then evaluated support for proposed mechanisms of impacts. Our frequency-based approach enabled us to draw value from the full breadth of available literature, including articles that do not provide information necessary for meta-analyses and articles examining understudied phenomena. Total avian abundance and prevalence of individual bird species were usually unaffected by invasion, with 48.9 and 57.2% of tests showing neutral results, respectively. Avian richness decreased with invasion in 41.3% of tests. Although birds often preferred nesting in invasive vegetation (45.0% of tests), effects on nest survival were typically neutral (57.9%). Multiple metrics (e.g. body condition, fledgling survival) have received scant attention. Some of the patterns we highlight differ across ecological contexts, emphasizing the need to understand impact mechanisms. Several studies have directly linked invasion impacts to altered nest-site availability, habitat heterogeneity, and food supplies. There is mixed evidence that plant architecture impacts nest-site selection and nest predation. Our review highlights the nonuniform consequences of biological invasions. The high frequency of reported neutral effects suggests that invasions often have minimal impacts on birds, but positive and negative impacts certainly can arise. Managers considering eradicating invasive plants for avian conservation should monitor impacts locally to determine whether eradication will be beneficial.
Wearable microfluidics: fabric-based digital droplet flowmetry for perspiration analysis

The latest development in wearable technologies has attracted much attention. In particular, collection and analysis of body fluids has been a focus. In this paper, we have reported a wearable microfluidic platform made using conventional fabric materials and laser micromachining to measure the flow rate on a patterned fabric surface, referred to as digital droplet flowmetry (DDF). The proposed wearable DDF is capable of collecting and measuring continuous perspiration with high precision (96% on average) in a real-time fashion over a defined area of skin. We have introduced a theoretical model for the proposed wearable interfacial microfluidic platform, under which various design parameters have been investigated and optimized for various conditions. The novel digitalized measurement principle of DDF provides fast responses, digital readouts, system flexibility, and continuous performance of the flow measurement. Moreover, the proposed DDF platform can be conveniently implemented on regular apparel or a wearable device, and has potential to be applied to dynamic removal, collection and monitoring of biofluids for various physiological and clinical processes.
Biomass-Derived Butadiene by Dehydra-Decyclization of Tetrahydrofuran

Catalytic ring-opening dehydration of tetrahydrofuran (THF), itself a product of decarbonylation and reduction of biomass-derived furfural, yields 1,3-butadiene, an important monomer in rubbers and elastomers. It is demonstrated that dehydra-decyclization of THF with phosphorus-containing siliceous self-pillared pentasil (SPP) or MFI structure exhibits high selectivity to butadiene (85–99%) at both low (9%) and high (89%) conversion of THF. High selectivity to pentadiene and hexadiene was also obtained from 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran and 2,5-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran, respectively, with phosphorus-containing, all-silica zeolites.
Hummelsheim Transposition for Complete Paralytic Sixth Nerve Palsy

Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Measurements of ocular misalignment need to be as precise as possible and stable for at least 6 months. A transposition of the vertical rectus muscles should be considered for patients with a complete or near complete sixth nerve palsy, given that a standard recess and resect procedure would not be sufficient to address the deficit in abduction.
Skills and Competencies Required for Jobs in Business Analytics: A Content Analysis of Job Advertisements Using Text Mining

The explosive growth of business analytics has created a high demand for individuals who can help organizations gain competitive advantage by extracting business knowledge from data. What types of jobs satisfy this demand and what types of skills should individuals possess to satisfy this huge and growing demand? The authors perform a content analysis of 958 job advertisements posted during 2014-2015 for four types of positions: business analyst, data analyst, data scientist, and data analytics manager. They use a text mining approach to identify the skills needed for these job types and identify six distinct broad competencies. They also identify the competencies unique to a particular type of job and those common to all job types. Their job type categorization provides a framework that organizations can use to inventory their existing workforce competencies in order to identify critical future human resources. It can also guide individual professionals with their career planning as well as academic institutions in assessing and advancing their business analytics curricula.
Xenopus laevis M18BP1 Directly Binds Existing CENP-A Nucleosomes to Promote Centromeric Chromatin Assembly

Summary Vertebrate centromeres are epigenetically defined by nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant, CENP-A. CENP-A nucleosome assembly requires the three-protein Mis18 complex (Mis18α, Mis18β, and M18BP1) that recruits the CENP-A chaperone HJURP to centromeres, but how the Mis18 complex recognizes centromeric chromatin is unknown. Using Xenopus egg extract, we show that direct, cell-cycle-regulated binding of M18BP1 to CENP-A nucleosomes recruits the Mis18 complex to interphase centromeres to promote new CENP-A nucleosome assembly. We demonstrate that Xenopus M18BP1 binds CENP-A nucleosomes using a motif that is widely conserved except in mammals. The M18BP1 motif resembles a CENP-A nucleosome binding motif in CENP-C, and we show that CENP-C competes with M18BP1 for CENP-A nucleosome binding at centromeres. We show that both CENP-C and M18BP1 recruit HJURP to centromeres for new CENP-A assembly. This study defines cellular mechanisms for recruiting CENP-A assembly factors to existing CENP-A nucleosomes for the epigenetic inheritance of centromeres.
It's a cruel summer: Household responses to reductions in government nutrition assistance

Abstract The appropriate size and scope of government nutrition assistance programs is a regular source of debate among policy-makers, and with calls to reduce government benefits, a clear understanding of household responses to any proposed benefit reduction is critical. Exploiting the design of U.S. nutrition assistance programs, we examine how low-income households reallocate their budgets following an exogenous reduction in nutrition assistance benefits. The magnitude of our results suggests that the budget for an average low-income household with children is severely inflexible and likely unable to absorb more than a $2 to $3 reduction in nutrition benefits per child per week.
Strengthening Evaluation Research: A Case Study of an Evaluability Assessment Conducted in a Carceral Setting.

Over the last decade, criminal justice scholars have increasingly endorsed “evidence-based practices”; however, some criminologists have voiced concerns over the varied methodological rigor used by evaluation researchers, differing definitions of evidence, and lack of critical exploration as to why programs may be (in)effective. This article argues that evaluability assessments (EAs) can answer these concerns. Through a case study of an EA used on a prison-based fatherhood program, this article demonstrates how EA’s approach leads to a more precise understanding of outcome operationalization, and allows for the democratization of research, which is particularly important in a carceral setting.
Characteristics of Polymer Wear

In this paper polymer wear is examined by a consideration of key phenomena occurring at the interface such as the formation of transfer films, metal pickup, and surface melting. The significance of these aspects is discussed. Also, the concept of abrasive wear is described in terms of the damage done to plastic surfaces. The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in elucidating the nature of polymer wear is well demonstrated.
The History and Future of CASA

The purely bottom-up approach to auditory perception is clearly inconsistent with the wealth of evidence suggesting that the neural topology involved in sound understanding is more convoluted. One can build a system that separates sounds based on their cochleagram or correlogram representations, but this appears inconsistent with the functional connections. Instead, our brains seem to abstract sounds, and solve the auditory scene analysis problem using high-level representations of each sound object.
Childhood exposure to environmental lead.

1 to 5% of urban adults have blood lead values ≥ 40 μgPb/100 ml whole blood whereas approximately 25% of urban children have blood leads at this level. The metabolic exposure (μgPb/kg body weight) of children is over three times adult exposure for assumed normal absorption and ingestion of lead and twice the exposure of adults for inhaled lead. The metabolic exposure of children is greater by 13–24% at any given blood lead value in terms of circulating lead per kilogram of body weight. Blood lead values of children corrected for lower hematocrit values increase blood leads by 3 μg to 22 μgPb/100 ml of whole blood. Lead in the air on the Main Street of Brattleboro, Vermont exceeded average yearly values reported for our major cities by 3.6 to 5.6 times. The amount of lead in the air below four feet was tiwce as high as the values above four feet (8.01 μgPb/m3 and 3.96 μgPb/m3 respectively). “Exposed” housing adjacent to heavily traveled roads had significantly more lead inside than houses on side streets (956 ppm vs 566 ppm lead in the dirt and dust). Children between the ages of one and three years mouth and ingest foreign matter as part of their natural oral exploratory behavior and are exposed to lead in dirt and dust. Experiments with mice showed both 30 day old and neonate mice had significantly increased DNA and protein in whole brain or cerebrum respectively when exposed to small amounts of lead by feeding the mothers lead at 25 ppm. There is growing evidence that children suffer subclinical neurological impairment as a result of increased blood lead values. Lead fallout from automobile exhaust is partially responsible for the elevated blood lead values in children.