cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The genetics of fatty acid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Long-chain fatty acids are a vital metabolic energy source and are building blocks of membrane lipids. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model system for elucidation of gene-function relationships in such eukaryotic processes as fatty acid metabolism. Yeast degrades fatty acids only in the peroxisome, and recently, genes encoding core and auxiliary enzymes of peroxisomal beta-oxidation have been identified. Mechanisms involved in fatty acid induction of gene expression have been described, and novel fatty acid-responsive genes have been discovered via yeast genome analysis. In addition, a number of genes essential for synthesis of the variety of fatty acids in yeast have been cloned. Advances in understanding such processes in S. cerevisiae will provide helpful insights to functional genomics approaches in more complex organisms.
Achieving comparable global accuracy in the split-step Fourier simulation of optical fiber communication channel

Optical communication system design is a challenging task because there is no general analytical solution for the nonlinear and dispersive fiber channel. Although there has been progress in analytical channel models such as Volterra series model and other variants of the perturbation model, numerical simulations are still extensively used in channel characterization, equalization and system design. In this paper, the authors are interested in finding ways to control local and global errors when the same simulation is repeated for a range of different system parameter values.
Optimal order EDS and FEDS algorithms

This paper is based on a recently published class of adaptive filtering algorithms, namely, the Euclidean direction search (EDS) algorithms. The computationally efficient version is called the fast Euclidean direction search (FEDS) algorithm with a computational complexity of O(N). In this paper, we present two new algorithms called the optimal Euclidean direction search (OEDS) and the optimal fast Euclidean direction search (OFEDS). The optimal algorithms search all the Euclidean directions in each iteration to find the direction giving the greatest decrease of the cost function. In order to reduce the computational complexity, some sub-optimal methods based on the same principle are also discussed. Computer simulation results illustrate that the optimal and suboptimal algorithms converge faster than the original EDS and FEDS algorithms, but achieve the same steady state mean square error.
Principal component based k-nearest-neighbor rule for semiconductor process fault detection

Fault detection and classification (FDC) has been recognized in the semiconductor industry as an integral component of advanced process control (APC) framework in improving overall equipment efficiency (OEE). To explicitly account for the unique characteristics of the semiconductor processes, such as nonlinearity in most batch processes, multimodal batch trajectories due to product mix, the fault detection method based on the k-nearest-neighbor rule (FD-kNN) has been developed previously for fault detection in semiconductor manufacturing. However, because FD-kNN does not generate a classifier offline, it is computational and storage intensive, which could make it difficult for online process monitoring. To take the advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) in dimensionality reduction and FD-kNN in nonlinearity and multimode handling, a principal component based kNN (PC- kNN) is proposed. Two simulated examples and an industrial example are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed PC-kNN method in fault detection.
The Forest Ranger: A Study in Administrative Behavior

It is the rare book that remains in print for nearly fifty years, earning wide acclaim as a classic. The Forest Ranger has been essential reading for generations of professionals and scholars in forestry, public administration, and organizational behavior who are interested in the administration of public lands and how the top managers of a large, dispersed organization with multiple objectives like the Forest Service shape the behavior of its field officers into a coherent, unified program. Published as a special reprint in conjunction with the 100th anniversary of the U.S. Forest Service, The Forest Ranger is as relevant and timely today as when it was first issued in 1960. In addition to the original text, this special reprint of The Forest Ranger includes two new forewords and an afterword that highlight how much we have learned from Herbert Kaufman. The first foreword, by Harold K. (Pete) Steen, former president of the Forest History Society, considers the book's impact on the forestry community and explains its continued relevance in light of changes in the culture and mission of today's Forest Service. The second, by Richard P. Nathan, codirector of the Rockefeller Institute of Government, considers the book's contribution to our understanding of administrative and organizational behavior. The new afterword by author Herbert Kaufman describes how his landmark study came into being and offers a candid assessment of how his theories about the agency's operations and its future have held up over time. In 1960, the Forest Service had a well-deserved reputation for excellence, and The Forest Ranger was a seminal analysis of the hows and whys of its success. Kaufmanalso warned, however, that an organization so unified and well adapted to its environment would have difficulties navigating social change. He was right in his concerns: the environmental, civil rights, and women's movements have all presented challenges to the character and purpose of the Forest Service, ultimately changing the organization in subtle and not-so-subtle ways. Now, as then, The Forest Ranger is a striking and prescient case study of how a complex organization operates and evolves over time.
Permutation filter lattices: a general non-linear filtering framework

These lattices define a highly modular and robust class of filters which effectively addresses both the nonlinear characteristics of a system and the possible noise contamination. Permutation filters, much like polynomial filters, are flexible and modular, but instead of having polynomial expansions there are permutation lattice expansions. At the simplest level in the lattice, permutation filters reduce either to a simple linear finite impulse response or to an order-statistic filter but for larger permutation sublattices the filters can model complicated nonlinear systems more accurately while still preserving their robust properties. >
Rationale for the use of insulin sensitizers to prevent cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are a major problem in clinical practice, and patients with diabetes have derived less benefit from advances in preventive and interventional cardiology. Tighter goals for metabolic management and attention to nontraditional risk factors may be needed in this patient group. Insulin resistance rather than hyperinsulinemia is thought to underlie cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular events and a wide range of traditional and nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, inflammation, vascular wall abnormalities). Therapy with lifestyle modifications, metformin, or thiazolidinediones (TZDs) corrects many of the abnormalities associated with diabetes in addition to lowering blood glucose and correcting diabetic dyslipidemia. TZDs, acting via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–γ, affect a number of mediators involved in the development of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, including lipid profiles, vascular changes, and inflammatory mediators. TZDs decrease plasminogen activator–1 and C-reactive protein levels. They also reduce the extent of thickening of the carotid artery and reduce hyperplasia after coronary stent implantation. Insulin-sensitizing therapy with TZDs is a promising intervention for patients with diabetes at risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Searching under the streetlight?: Age biases in the personal and family relationships literature

Two studies addressing age biases in research on family and social relationships are presented. Study 1 involved a content analysis of nearly 1,000 empirical studies published in six major journals from 1994 to 1999. Studies in these journals generally were limited to samples of adults under the age of 45, though nearly one third of the studies failed to include information about the ages of adult participants. Most research focused on marital ties, romantic partnerships, or relationships between parents and young children. Study 2 (N = 186) assessed beliefs about the importance of various relationships to adults of different ages. Researchers who study relationships (n = 71), adults with advanced degrees in other fields (n = 57), and less-educated adults (n = 58) rated the importance of various social ties to themselves and to adults of different ages. In general, participants agreed that adults of different ages value different social ties. Less-educated individuals rated many social ties as more important than did researchers who study relationships, however. Age biases in sampling and the types of relationships that receive research attention are discussed.
Relativity and the Speed of Light - a 100 Year Old Misunderstanding

I point out a conceptual misunderstanding in the exposition of relativity, namely the mistaken belief that light has something to do with the essence of relativity. This misunderstanding can be clarified by stressing that the content of Special Relativity is simply that "we live in a Minkowski spacetime", together with a thought experiment that illustrates how one could discover this fact without ever mentioning even the existence of light. I also note a recently uncovered implication of living in Minkowski spacetime, namely the Copenhagen reinterpretation of Quantum Mechanics, developed in the past decade.
Stabilized Two-Center Holographic Recording in Highly Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

A congruently grown LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystal with proper dopant concentrations is experimentally tested to show the improvement in M/# and sensitivity. Particularly, the variation of sensitivity versus recording and sensitizing intensities is investigated in detail.
Colonic Interposition between the Liver and Diaphragm: “The Chilaiditi Sign”

A 90-year-old wheelchair bound male was brought to the emergency department with complaints of worsening abdominal pain over the last 2-3 days. The patient also had difficulty in passing urine. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness in the umbilical and hypogastric area without rebound tenderness or guarding. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a loop of colon interpositioned between the liver and the right hemidiaphragm (the Chilaiditi sign), mimicking free air. Foley’s catheter was placed and the patient was managed conservatively. The patient clinically improved with improvement of the abdominal pain.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF LYSOSOMAL SYSTEM y

Using a trans-stimulation property associated with lysine exodus, we have demonstrated previously a system mediating the transport of cationic amino acids across the lysosomal membrane of human fibroblasts. By studying instead the uptake of arginine into highly purified flbroblast lysosomes, obtained by centrifuging through Percoll density gradients, we now examine additional characteristics of this system. For arg uptake it displays a broad pH optimum from pH 7.0-8.0. The rate of arg uptake is 10-fold greater at pH 7.0 than 5.0, thus favoring net entry of arg into lysosomes as a result of the low intralysosomal pH. In contrast, external MgATP accelerates lysosomal efflux of cationic amino acids while inhibiting their influx. Trans-stimulation of arg uptake is seen when lysosomes have been loaded with 2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine. Arg uptake (.03 mM) is strongly inhibited by the L-isomers of external 3.3 mM arg, lys, orn, 2, 4-diaminobutyrate, 2-aminoethylcysteine and his, whereas D-arg, neutral and anionic amino acids have little effect. In addition, lysosomal arg uptake is inhibited by α-N-methyl-L-arg (72%) and e-trimethyl-L-lys (49%), neither of which are recognized by the plasma membrane System y+. These observations indicate that lysosomal System y+ is structurally different from System y+ of the plasma membrane of the human fibroblast and various other cells. Thiocholine (TC) depleted cystinotic fibroblasts of their accumulated cystine to the same level and rate as produced by cysteamine supporting the view that TC may react with cystine to form a mixed disulfide recognized by lysosomal System y+ similar to the one formed by cysteamine. Support ackn. from Grant AM32281, NIH.
Structure Property Relationships and the Role of Processing in the Reinforcement of Nylon 6-POSS Blends

A series of melt-blends were prepared from nylon 6 and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (aminopropylisobutyl POSS) in order to develop an understanding of the role of processing in polymer property enhancement. Injection molded samples of the blends show decreases in mechanical properties, while melt-spun composite fibers of the same composition show improvements in modulus and strength, with the maximum increases occurring in the compositions containing 2.5 wt % POSS (and subsequent decreases in properties above that concentration). Dynamic mechanical analysis implies that there are POSS-polymer interactions on the molecular scale, and perhaps there is some level of molecularly dispersed POSS. The maximum property enhancement occurs 2.5%, coinciding with the maximum concentration before POSS phase separation occurs. Raman spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the specific interactions which are taking place between the POSS and polymer. Hypotheses to explain the specific mechanism of reinf...
Sentencing Reductions versus Sentencing Equality

The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 was enacted by an odd conglomeration of Democrat and Republican who agreed that federal sentences should be based upon relevant offender and offense characteristics, not including such things as race, gender, geography, ideological bent of the sentencing judge, or citizenship. That goal has become lost and less relevant in today’s world of draconian and mandatory minimum sentencing, especially in the drug trafficking, child pornography, and fraud arenas. Mass incarceration has run rampant. Sentences are so out-of-whack with most basic principles justice that the fact that female offenders may receive slightly lower prison terms than their male counterparts should no longer be the very top of our reform agenda. This is not to suggest that scholars and the public shouldn’t be concerned with sentencing disparity, especially based on race. However, the disparity between federal and state sentences is so much wider (and occurs so much more frequently) than the disparity among similarly-situated federal offenders that the latter appears less of a significant issue in absolute terms. Whatever reform capital policy-makers and scholars retain should be poured into championing alternatives to criminalization (such as fines, drug treatment, and apologies) and alternatives to long prison terms (such as probation and parole). Reforms must focus on discovering what offenses we could safely decriminalize, and what programs are effective in keeping individuals out of prison in the first place (or in curbing recidivism once incarceration has occurred). If giving judges more discretion at sentencing means lower average prison terms, this will probably rebound to the benefit of our minority populations as a whole, even if it might mean that in particular cases minority defendants receive slightly higher sentences for the same conduct as their white counterparts. Likewise, if sentencing, parole, and probation decisions based upon “risk assessment” leads to lower overall incarceration rates, we may have to tolerate this even if it generates higher risk numbers for certain minority offenders. Critics of every substantive criminal-law and sentencing reform proposal need to remember the big picture, and not lose sight of the forest of mass incarceration for the trees of unwarranted sentencing disparity.
Interaction of insulin and somatotropin on body weight gain, feed intake, and body composition in rats

This study investigated the interaction of insulin and somatotropin on body weight gain and feed conversion in rats. Female rats (initial wt 215 g) were assigned to one of the following four treatm...
Improvements in transformer insulation

Opportunities for further improvement may be summarized as follows: 1. Reduced space requirement (higher dielectric strength). 2. Higher thermal capability. 3. Improved heat transfer. 4. Dimensional stability and nonhygroscopicity. 5. No harmful decomposition products. 6. Nonflammability.
The Cross-Cultural Mentoring of Graduate Students: Evidence from Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Academy in Central Asia

In this paper, the author describes the academic and cultural experiences of mentoring graduate students at the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Academy located in Central Asia. Students from Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan studied and completed their Master in Economic Governance and Regulation Program degrees entirely in the English language. Most of them held undergraduate degrees in economics or accounting and were proficient in three or more languages. Even though the academy’s program was similar to those in USA, cultural differences between Asian and Western education programs were apparent. Therefore, cross-cultural mentoring was integrated to help students create new visions and pathways for future success and to enrich mentor-student relationships across different nationalities, races, genders, ethnicities, religions, and socioeconomic and socio-cultural backgrounds. The findings showed that due to the complexity of cross-cultural mentoring, mentors needed to have certain characteristics needed to develop trust between mentor and mentee. The author offers recommendations on ways that mentoring in higher education could better serve international students’ integration into the new global community.
The Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicity Profile of Rapalogs

Rapamycin and its analogs, known as “rapalogs,” are a class of drugs that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which acts downstream of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Activating mutations along this pathway are known to be drivers of certain malignancies. While the use of rapamycin has been limited in the anti-neoplastic setting due to its suboptimal pharmacologic properties, three other rapalogs, everolimus, temsirolimus, and ridaforolimus – each with varying moieties attached to the rapamycin backbone, have been developed and are currently in clinical use or trial settings. Temsirolimus is administered intravenously, while everolimus is taken orally; ridaforolimus has been studied for use both intravenously and orally. Skin rash and oral mucositis are the most common (and occasionally dose limiting) class side effects of these agents, with incidences (all grades) reported to be up to 72 % and 61 %, respectively. Interestingly, it is felt that the stomatitis from mTOR inhibitors represents a completely disparate entity from the traditional mucositis seen with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Other toxicities unique to this class of drugs include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, wound healing deficiencies, and pneumonitis, among others. While the mechanisms behind the metabolic complications likely stem from the inherent effect against the normal cellular functions of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the mechanisms behind pneumonitis are less well elucidated. As rapalogs become increasingly prevalent in their use in the oncologic setting, it is the role of the oncologist to recognize and expeditiously manage the potential adverse effects caused by these novel targeted agents.
2 p 3 / 2 strength in 4 0 , 4 1 Sc and the 39 Ca ( p , γ ) reaction rate

We investigate $p3/2$ strengths in ${}^{41}\mathrm{Sc}$ and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Sc},$ and use the results to estimate proton widths in ${}^{40}\mathrm{Sc},$ and hence reaction rates for ${}^{39}\mathrm{Ca}{(p}_{,}\ensuremath{\gamma}).$
An Introduction to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF).

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF; Archer, Handel, Ben-Porath, & Tellegen, 2016) is a new broadband measure of adolescent psychopathology and personality. The MMPI-A-RF is the adolescent counterpart of the MMPI-2-RF (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011). The goal of the MMPI-2-RF development project was to capture the clinically significant substance of the MMPI-2 item pool with a psychometrically sound measure linked to contemporary models of personality and psychopathology (Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008/2011). Using the MMPI-2-RF scales and development methods as models, Archer et al. (2016) developed a 241-item adolescent self-report inventory—in contrast to the 478-items of the MMPI-A—that includes 48 new and revised scales. In this manuscript, I provide an overview of the rationale for the development of the MMPI-A-RF, an abbreviated review of its development process, brief descriptions of its 48 scales, and a subset of analyses bearing on reliability and validity. As with the MMPI-2-RF, one of our primary goals was to develop scales with improved discriminant validity relative to the heterogeneous Clinical Scales of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A. The MMPI-A-RF development process employed a large sample of 15,128 adolescents (9,286 boys and 5,842 girls) drawn from a variety of settings. In addition to the development sample, subsequent validation analyses were conducted in multiple independent samples including numerous external criterion measures. The MMPI-A-RF is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of adolescent psychopathology and personality in a wide array of clinical and forensic settings.
Interview With Richard De Veaux

Richard De Veaux is the C. Carlisle and Margaret Tippit Professor of Statistics at Williams College. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and has served on the ASA Board of Direct...
Abstract DL01-01: Cancer Genomes and their Implications for Early Detection

In the past five years, it has become possible to identify all of the mutations contributing to neoplasia in an individual cancer, leading to a deeper understanding of the pathogensis of neoplasia. The challenge now is to exploit this wealth information to reduce cancer deaths. Most current efforts towards this goal are focused on curing patients with advanced disease through “personalized” medicine approaches. However, the barriers to curing such patients are now being recognized, in part through the insights gained from cancer genome sequencing. Alternative strategies to reduce cancer deaths are therefore essential to achieving this goal. Fortunately, it is now clear that there are only ~150 genes, operating through ~12 well-recognized pathways, that drive the initiation and progress of the most common types of human cancers. These genes and pathways provide enormous opportunities for the early detection of neoplasia through sophisticated genomic, proteomic, and imaging-based technologies. Widespread implementation of early detection and prevention methods has the capacity to reduce cancer deaths by more than 75% in the foreseeable future. Citation Format: Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler. Cancer Genomes and their Implications for Early Detection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr DL01-01.
Adhocracy and Strategic Management Accounting

Business leaders and management teams must contend with, and compete in, an increasingly mercurial and fast moving business environment. Decisions, related to both tactical choices made on a day-to-day basis, as well as longer-term strategic planning, are dependent on the ability of the organization to react to changes in marketplace in timely manner. Adhocracy, a managerial model and leadership headset introduced in 1970s is increasingly revisited as possible solution to the following problem. Organizations, and the decisions making process must have some sort of structure, review process, and hierarchy to help ensure that the best decisions are being made, but that hierarchy cannot restrict or hinder the speed with which decisions are completed and approved. A more modular like decision making structure, oriented toward the reality of the market, appears to represent a proactive and appropriate path forward. Linking to this, strategic management accounting, representing an inclusion of management accounting professionals in the decision making process, is a logical extension and addition to this theory. Decisions require timely and accurate data, and in a world that increasingly evaluates businesses based on a wide range of performance metrics the elevation and inclusion of the accounting professionals tasked with the creation, integrity, and dissemination of such data is a straight forward step.
A Simple Marker-Assisted 3D Nanometer Drift Correction Method for Superresolution Microscopy

High-precision fluorescence microscopy such as superresolution imaging or single-particle tracking often requires an online drift correction method to maintain the stability of the three-dimensional (3D) position of the sample at a nanometer precision throughout the entire data acquisition process. Current online drift correction methods require modification of the existing two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence microscope with additional optics and detectors, which can be cumbersome and limit its use in many biological laboratories. Here we report a simple marker-assisted online drift correction method in which all 3D positions can be derived from fiducial markers on the coverslip of the sample on a standard 2D fluorescence microscope without additional optical components. We validate this method by tracking the long-term 3D stability of single-molecule localization microscopy at a precision of <2 and 5 nm in the lateral and axial dimension, respectively. We then provide three examples to evaluate the performance of the marker-assisted drift correction method. Finally, we give an example of a biological application of superresolution imaging of spatiotemporal alteration for a DNA replication structure with both low-abundance newly synthesized DNAs at the early onset of DNA synthesis and gradually condensed DNA structures during DNA replication. Using an isogenic breast cancer progression cell line model that recapitulates normal-like, precancerous, and tumorigenic stages, we characterize a distinction in the DNA replication process in normal, precancerous, and tumorigenic cells.
Job Analysis of the Duties of Athletic Directors

(1956). Job Analysis of the Duties of Athletic Directors. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 451-452.
Prenatal substance exposure diagnosed at birth and infant involvement with child protective services.

Abstract Infants have the highest rates of maltreatment reporting and entries to foster care. Prenatal substance exposure is thought to contribute to early involvement with child protective services (CPS), yet there have been limited data with which to examine this relationship or variations by substance type. Using linked birth, hospital discharge, and CPS records from California, we estimated the population prevalence of medically diagnosed substance exposure and neonatal withdrawal disorders at birth. We then explored the corresponding rates of CPS involvement during the first year of life by substance type after adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors. Among 551,232 infants born alive in 2006, 1.45% ( n = 7994) were diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure at birth; 61.2% of those diagnosed were reported to CPS before age 1 and nearly one third (29.9%) were placed in foster care. Medically diagnosed prenatal substance exposure was strongly associated with an infant’s likelihood of being reported to CPS, yet significant variation in the likelihood and level of CPS involvement was observed by substance type. Although these data undoubtedly understate the prevalence of prenatal illicit drug and alcohol use, this study provides a population-based characterization of a common pathway to CPS involvement during infancy. Future research is needed to explicate the longer-term trajectories of infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure, including the role of CPS.
Evaluating popcorn as potential refuge for European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and corn rootworm beetles (Diabrotica spp)

Popcorn was evaluated in two three-year studies for its potential as a refuge for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in two three-year studies. Objectives of these studies were to determine if more larvae were produced in popcorn than in field corn and to determine how popcorn influenced female oviposition and larval distribution within neighboring field corn. Two varieties of popcorn (Ml 40, 105d and M3374Y, 118d), one mixture of popcorn (50% 105d and 50% 118d), and field corn (DK580, 108d) were evaluated. Significantly higher densities of O. nubilalis larvae were found in popcorn than field corn. Moth oviposition and larval distribution were evaluated using 105d popcorn embedded in several cornfields across Iowa. Significantly more egg masses and larvae were found in the popcorn compared with field corn. One or two rows of field corn adjacent to popcorn tended to have higher numbers of egg masses and larvae compared with background field corn. Number of eggs per egg mass was significantly higher in popcorn than field corn. These data suggests more O. nubilalis are produced in popcorn than field corn.
Effects of Boom-Year Savings on Bust-Year Budgetary Actions

This chapter examines the effects of boom-year savings on budgetary actions that states often take during a recession. Here I draw the link between countercyclical fiscal policy and the concept of countercyclical fiscal capacity (CCFC). I define CCFC as the accumulation of savings in boom years and the use of them during revenue shortfalls to maintain countercyclical spending and program stability. Because a basic challenge for state governments is to maintain budgetary stability and program predictability in face of economic downturns, states can best meet this challenge by developing the “countercyclical fiscal capacity.” In this chapter, I operationalize CCFC in terms of fiscal reserves (BSF and GFS) and analyze the operation of such reserves over a period that includes recessions in 1991 and 2001. I find evidence of the efficacy of countercyclical fiscal capacity and argue for states to make greater investments in this aspect of governance capacity.
My Collaboration with Gradimir V. Milovanović

My collaboration with Gradimir V. Milovanovic over a time interval of about 15 years, from 1983 to 1997, is described concerning work on a variety of topics in the area of orthogonal polynomials, Gauss-type quadrature, and some of their applications.
BIOPHYSICAL STUDIES OF BLOOD PLASMA PROTEINS XII. ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF THE BLOOD SERUM PROTEINS OF SOME LOWER ANIMALS

(Received for publication, March 28, 1949) The blood serum (1) and plasma (2) proteins of various relatively easily accessible animals have been studied previously by the electrophoretic technique. The serum proteins of each species were found to give char- acteristic species variations in mobility, amount, and number of protein components. An electrophoretic study of the blood serum proteins of various animals of relatively lower phylogenetic order has revealed that the same species specificity of the plasma proteins that exists among the higher animals likewise obtains among the lower forms.
Development and Assessment of Exceptional Quality Biosolids Products for Urban Gardens

Exceptional Quality (EQ) biosolids may be developed into products that can rehabilitate disturbed urban soils for the production of garden vegetables. The objectives of this study were to compare n...
An Integrative Review of Outcomes and Radiology Nursing

Abstract The primary aim of this article is to present a broad overview and to describe and analyze the existing literature related to the effect of radiology nurses on health and health outcomes. Combinations of search terms related to the role of the radiology nurse and patient outcomes were used to search three electronic databases. Of the studies reviewed, 15 met inclusion criteria. This review concludes that further work must be completed to obtain an appropriate understanding of the effect of radiology nursing on patient outcomes. Given the lack of literature on this topic, there is significant opportunity to continue research on nursing in radiology.
LQR-based PID Voltage Controller for Photovoltaic Systems

The highly nonlinear, stochastic nature of photovoltaic (PV) systems impose difficulty in modeling and control design. The controller is employed to efficiently adjust the operating point decided by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm instead of directly controlling the duty cycle of the DC-DC converters linked to PV system. This paper proposes a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based tuned PID controller for PV voltage control for a PV system interfaced with a boost converter topology. The proposed model-based controller design is validated through simulation with corresponding stability and robustness check.
Pros and cons of frontline autologous transplant in multiple myeloma: the debate over timing

The treatment landscape for multiple myeloma has dramatically changed over the past decade with the introduction of several new classes of drugs, which are very effective at controlling the disease for prolonged periods of time, especially when used in multidrug combinations. Prior to the advent of these new agents, peripheral blood autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was the mainstay of therapy for patients who were eligible to undergo the procedure, with deep and durable responses in the majority of patients. Despite the introduction of more effective therapies, ASCT continues to play an important role in overall management of younger patients, where it has been integrated with the other therapeutic approaches to provide maximum benefit. Recent phase 3 trials have once again confirmed the survival benefit associated with ASCT in myeloma. Retrospective studies have also demonstrated the feasibility of using ASCT at the time of first relapse rather than as a component of the initial treatment. Significant geographical variations exist in the use of ASCT, especially between the United States and Europe in terms of its use as part of upfront therapy. Much of these differences are driven by the availability of drugs and drug combinations for initial therapy of myeloma as well as maintenance approaches post-ASCT. It is amply clear from these trials that ASCT will continue to play an important role in management of myeloma and is likely to be used as a platform for enhancing the efficacy of other treatment modalities that are currently in development.
UV LEDs based on p-i-n core-shell AlGaN/GaN nanowire heterostructures grown by N-polar selective area epitaxy.

Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes fabricated from N-polar AlGaN/GaN core–shell nanowires (NWs) with p–i–n structure produced electroluminescence at 365 nm with ~5× higher intensities than similar GaN homojunction LEDs. The improved characteristics were attributed to localization of spontaneous recombination to the NW core, reduction of carrier overflow losses through the NW shell, and elimination of current shunting. Poisson-drift-diffusion modeling indicated that a shell Al mole fraction of x = 0.1 in Al x Ga1−x N effectively confines electrons and injected holes to the GaN core region. AlGaN overcoat layers targeting this approximate Al mole fraction were found to possess a low-Al-content tip and high-Al-content shell, as determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Photoluminescence spectroscopy further revealed the actual Al mole fraction to be NW diameter-dependent, where the tip and shell compositions converged towards the nominal flux ratio for large diameter NWs.
An assay to measure the activity of RNA elements and proteins that promote the expression of mRNA with retained introns

The ability to overcome cellular restrictions that exist for the export and translation of mRNAs with retained introns is a requirement for the replication of retroviruses and also for the expression of many mRNA isoforms transcribed from cellular genes. In some cases, RNA structures have been identified in the mRNA that directly interact with cellular factors to promote the export and expression of isoforms with retained introns. In other cases, a viral protein is also required to act as an adapter. In this report we describe a novel vector system that allows measurement of the ability of cis- and trans-acting factors to promote the export and translation of mRNA with retained introns. One reporter vector used in this system is derived from an HIV proviral clone engineered to express two different fluorescent proteins from spliced and unspliced transcripts. The ratio of fluorescent signals is a measurement of the efficiency of export and translation. A second vector utilizes a third fluorescent protein to measure the expression of viral export proteins that interact with some of the export elements. Both vectors can be packaged into viral particles and be used to transduce cells, allowing expression at physiological levels from the integrated vector.
Human in the world of culture: the great patriotic war in the historical and cultural heritage of northeast of Russia (on the example of Yakutia)

The historical and cultural heritage, expressed in monuments, architectural structures, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, today is significant. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of society in perpetuating the memory of the Great Patriotic War. The authors conclude that the events of World War II find a lively response from the public. At the same time, new tendencies in commemorative practices are traced - tragic pages of history that until recently were “uncomfortable” (and in Soviet times banned for research), such as human losses, extremely high mortality of the civilian population from hunger, forcibly transferred to special settlements, - began to be reflected in the construction of monuments, memorable places. The location of these monuments is specific - they were erected at a certain distance from public places, at the territories of churches (victims of famine, victims of political repressions), which is associated with the predicted ambiguity of their perception.
Dynamic Programming of 0/1 Knapsack Problem for Network-Level Pavement Asset Management System

For low volume roads, selecting maintenance and rehabilitation activities have become a major concern for most transportation agencies. At large-scale road networks, the combinatorial explosion of ...
A routing model and solution approach for alternative fuel vehicles with consideration of the fixed fueling time

Abstract In this paper, we introduce the Vehicle Routing Problem for Alternative Fuel Vehicles with Fixed Fueling Time (VRPAFVFFT) to model decisions to be made with regards to the vehicle routes cons, dering fuel stations. A Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model is proposed with improving methods, which includes an adaptive branch-and-cut algorithm. To solve large scale problems, we present a hybrid heuristic method, which combines an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) with a local search and a MIP model. We conduct experiments to show the efficiency of our solving methods as well as insights from real world cases.
On the mechanism of carbon dioxide corrosion of mild steel: Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling at elevated pressures and non-ideal solutions

Abstract The mechanistic study of uniform CO2 corrosion in the pH range from 4 to 6 and CO2 partial pressures up to 15 bar showed that neither H2CO3 nor HCO3− were reduced directly during the corrosion process to any appreciable extent. The significant effect of these carbonate species on the corrosion process is through their homogeneous dissociation insider the boundary layer. This mechanistic view was further quantitatively verified using a comprehensive mathematical model, developed with hydrogen ion reduction as the sole cathodic reaction while accounting for the effect of homogeneous chemical reactions, turbulent flow mixing, and non-ideal solution properties.
What makes a criminal

Terrie Moffitt investigates whether there is such a thing as a criminal mind, and whether adolescent delinquency forecasts a life of crime. Now, after decades of grappling with these big questions, she has some answers, she tells Dan Jones
Cost-Effectiveness of a National Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax to Reduce Cancer Burdens and Disparities in the United States.

Background Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption contributes to obesity, a risk factor for 13 cancers. Although SSB taxes can reduce intake, the health and economic impact on reducing cancer burdens in the United States are unknown, especially among low-income Americans with higher SSB intake and obesity-related cancer burdens. Methods We used the Diet and Cancer Outcome Model, a probabilistic cohort state-transition model, to project health gains and economic benefits of a penny-per-ounce national SSB tax on reducing obesity-associated cancers among US adults aged 20 years and older by income. Results A national SSB tax was estimated to prevent 22 075 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 16 040-28 577) new cancer cases and 13 524 (95% UI = 9841-17 681) cancer deaths among US adults over a lifetime. The policy was estimated to cost $1.70 (95% UI = $1.50-$1.95) billion for government implementation and $1.70 (95% UI = $1.48-$1.96) billion for industry compliance, while saving $2.28 (95% UI = $1.67-$2.98) billion cancer-related healthcare costs. The SSB tax was highly cost-effective from both a government affordability perspective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] = $1486, 95% UI = -$3516-$9265 per quality-adjusted life year [QALY]) and a societal perspective (ICER = $13 220, 95% UI = $3453-$28 120 per QALY). Approximately 4800 more cancer cases and 3100 more cancer deaths would be prevented, and $0.34 billion more healthcare cost savings would be generated among low-income (federal poverty-to-income ratio [FPIR] ≤ 1.85) than higher-income individuals (FPIR > 1.85). Conclusions A penny-per-ounce national SSB tax is cost-effective for cancer prevention in the United States, with the largest health gains and economic benefits among low-income Americans.
The gerby Gopakumar-Mariño-Vafa formula

We prove a formula for certain cubic ℤn–Hodge integrals in terms of loop Schur functions. We use this identity to prove the Gromov–Witten/Donaldson–Thomas correspondence for local ℤn–gerbes over ℙ1.
Calcium spikes accompany cleavage furrow ingression and cell separation during fission yeast cytokinesis.

Calcium rises transiently at the division plane during cytokinesis of embryonic cells, but the conservation and function of such calcium transients remain unclear. We discovered similar calcium spi...
¿Podemos vivir con el gigante? La máquina epistemológica universitaria: reflexiones y propuestas sobre la tecnología académica

Nowadays, there is a deep and widespread feeling of discomfort among academics due to the psychological and labor pressures that universities exert upon their researchers by demanding endless publications. In this paper, I offer numerous pieces of evidence of this crisis, which affects primarily those who inhabit ac- ademic ecologies. First, I argue that it is convenient to understand the current situation as an expression of technologies and individual apparatuses shaped by subjectivizing ideologies, and mechanisms of exclusion, stigmatization, and replacement. Second, I examine two proposals against the crisis produced by the pace of academic production framed by the Slow movement. Lastly, after making explicit some of the assumptions that undergird the university’s episte- mological machine, I propose to complement Ulmer and Mountz’s project with two suggestions. On the one hand, I extend an invitation to reflect on and with students as a means to redirect the university’s teleology. On the other hand, I suggest incorporating an ontogogic approach as a resistance apparatus against the pressure from the university’s production machine. The article’s point of departure is anti-dicotonegative because it is based on a summative approach rather than in an agonistic procedure. In other words, I propose two additional tools that can be put to the test to contribute to solving the university publication crisis.
Pregnant people deserve the protection offered by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

• It is imperative that vaccine development and deployment include pregnant individuals because: • They are at equal, if not greater, risk of severe COVID-19 illness than nonpregnant patients. • Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to the fetus has been documented. • Placental injury from SARS-CoV-2 may lead to stillbirth and poor neonatal outcome.
Sol-gel preparation and thermal stability of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

A series of Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with a designed loading of 1 wt % were prepared by the sol-gel method using boehmite (AlOOH) sols and various palladium compounds. These materials were developed for later use as inorganic membranes. The samples were calcined at 400 °C in flowing O2 to decompose the Pd complex and change the phase of the support to γ-Al2O3. H2 pulse chemisorption was used to determine the average Pd particle sizes, while particle size distributions were obtained from TEM micrographs. XRD was used to determine the crystallinity of the γ-Al2O3 support after extended treatments at 650 °C in O2 and H2 atmospheres. The physical properties of the support were studied using nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K. Initial BET surface areas were about 350 m2/g. Pore size distributions were very narrow and centered at 3.6 nm, but broadened and became bimodal during the 650 °C treatments. An ion-exchanged sample prepared by traditional methods was used as a basis for comparison to the sol-gel samples.
Buprenorphine blood concentrations: A biomarker for analgesia.

Opioids, the frontline drugs for postsurgical analgesia, have been linked to diversion and abuse with lethal consequences. The search for safe analgesics with less harm potential has been decades long. However, clinical trials for safe opioid and nonopioid analgesics have relied on subjective pain reports, which are biased by placebo effects that increase the complexity of trials to develop new therapies to manage pain. Research in opioid naive animals and humans demonstrates that blood concentrations of opioids that effectively saturate the morphine opioid receptor are tightly linked with patient reports and quantitative sensory tests for analgesia. Opioid drug concentrations can predict clinical responses. This report reviews preclinical and clinical evidence correlating buprenorphine pharmacokinetics with analgesia. More than 30 years of data confirm buprenorphine blood concentrations can be an objective biomarker of analgesia for moderate to severe acute postoperative pain.