cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of action in early lexical acquisition

The role of action in early lexical acquisition was explored in 12 children (1;0.21 to 1;3.15) through the presentation of 16 contrived concepts, each involving a nonsense word and 4 unfamiliar objects or 4 unfamiliar actions. The investigator performed a familiar action on each experimental object. The experimental actions were performed upon more familiar objects. Subjects' productions of these words and performance of these actions indicated that prior action performance did not influence action word production. Prior performance of object- related actions led to slower production acquisition. However, the subjects previously performed such actions for a greater number of the objects ultimately named. The children tended not to name exemplars for the first time or initially lexicalize concepts while performing an object-related or referent action.
Correlation of Serum Concentrations with Heart Concentrations of Digoxin in Human Subjects

Biopsies of cardiac tissue were taken from patients undergoing surgery for coronary artery or valvular disease. All subjects were on maintenance doses of digoxin, which were stopped 48 hours before surgery. The ratios, heart:serum, for digoxin content were remarkably similar and the variance was small.
Identification and characterization of Aedes aegypti aminopeptidase N as a putative receptor of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry11A toxin

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, which is used worldwide to control Aedes aegypti larvae, produces Cry11Aa and other toxins during sporulation. In this study, pull-down assays were performed using biotinylated Cry11Aa toxin and solubilized brush border membrane vesicles prepared from midguts of Aedes larvae. Three of the eluted proteins were identified as aminopeptidease N (APN), one of which was a 140 kDa protein, named AaeAPN1 (AAEL012778 in VectorBase). This protein localizes to the apical side of posterior midgut epithelial cells of larva. The full-length AaeAPN1 was cloned and expressed in Eschericia coli and in Sf21 cells. AaeAPN1 protein expressed in Sf21 cells was enzymatically active, had a GPI-anchor but did not bind Cry11Aa. A truncated AaeAPN1, however, binds Cry11Aa with high affinity, and also Cry11Ba but with lower affinity. BBMV but not Sf21 expressed AaeAPN1 can be detected by wheat germ agglutinin suggesting the native but Sf21 cell-expressed APN1 contains N-acetylglucosamine moieties.
Current status and future directions in computer-enhanced video- and robotic-assisted coronary bypass surgery.

Abstract Since 1997, both the Cleveland Clinic and London Health Sciences Centre groups have embraced robotic assistance and more recently demonstrated the efficacy of this technology in totally closed-chest, beating heart myocardial revascularization. This endeavor involved an orderly progression and the learning of new surgical skill sets. We review the evolution of robot-enhanced coronary surgery and forecast the future of endoscopic and computer-enhanced, robotic-enabling technology for coronary revascularization. This report describes a computer-assisted totally closed-chest coronary bypass operation, and preliminary results are discussed. The internal thoracic artery (ITA) was harvested through three 5-mm access ports and prepared and controlled endoscopically. A prototype sternal elevator was used to increase intrathoracic working space. A 10-mm endoscopic stabilizer was placed through the second intercostal space, and the left anterior descending coronary artery was controlled with silastic snares. Telerobotic anastomoses were completed end-to-side using custom-made, double-armed 8-0 polytetrafluroethylene sutures. To date, 84 patients have undergone successful myocardial revascularization with robotic assistance with a 0% surgical mortality rate. ITA harvest, anastomotic, and operating times for the entire group have been longer than for conventional surgery at 61.3 ± 17.9 minutes, 28.5 ± 28.2 minutes, and 368 ± 129 minutes, respectively. Bleeding, ventilatory times, arrhythmias, hospital lengths of stay, and return to normal activity have been reduced. Recently, we have developed a new robotic revascularization strategy called Atraumatic Coronary Artery Bypass that is a promising mid-term step on the pathway to totally endoscopic, beating-heart coronary artery bypass. We conclude that computer-enhanced robotic techniques are safe, and further clinical studies are required to define the full potential of this evolving technology. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Inducing malolactic fermentation in wines

Malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine can be accomplished by relying on the natural microflora or by inducing through inoculation of a specific strain(s) of malolactic bacteria, primarily strains of Leuconostoc oenos. Problems with inducing MLF include intrinsic factors of the grape must such as pH, presence of sulfur dioxide, and ethanol in addition to antagonism of malolactic bacteria by wine yeast. Current methods and new technology to improve the predictability of MLF are discussed.
Characterization of a renal cell carcinoma cell line derived from a human bone metastasis and establishment of an experimental nude mouse model.

Purpose: We provide the necessary tools to study the biology of bone metastasis using renal cell carcinoma as a model. A relevant renal cell carcinoma cell line developed from a human bone metastasis is described and an experimental model in the nude mouse was established.Materials and Methods: The novel cell line RBM1 was developed from bone metastasis from a patient with renal cell carcinoma. In vitro methods used to study the cell line included karyotype analysis, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, ribonuclease protection assay and Western blot analysis. An intratibial injection model in the nude mouse resulted in bone lesions similar to those in human patients.Results: Chromosomal analysis of this cell line revealed characteristic cytogenetic abnormalities common in renal cell carcinoma. RBM1 cells expressed parathyroid hormone parathyroid hormone related peptide, interleukin-6 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which are cytokines involved in osteoclast activation and subsequent ...
Tissue specificity of selenoprotein gene expression in rats.

Abstract To investigate the tissue-specific effects of inadequate, adequate, and high selenium intake on selenoprotein gene expression and enzyme activity, weanling rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.1 or 2.0 mg of selenium/kg of diet for 91 days. No significant differences in growth were observed. In liver, transcription of genes for cellular glutathione peroxidase, type I iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase, and selenoprotein P was unaffected by selenium intake. Steady-state levels of mRNA for glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein P were higher in liver than in kidney. For iodothyronine 5′ deiodinase in the opposite was true. In liver, selenium deficiency reduced glutathione peroxidase mRNA by 89% and virtually abolished enzyme activity. For iodothyronine 5′ deiodinase, mRNA and enzyme activity were reduced 69 and 70%, respectively. In kidney, selenium deprivation decreased glutathione peroxidase mRNA by 91% and reduced enzyme activity to nearly zero. For iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase, decreases in mRNA and enzyme activity were 19 and 62%, respectively. Reductions in selenoprotein P mRNA were 50% in kidney but only 14% in liver. The only difference in the effects between the two supplements was in liver, where iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase activity was reduced by increasing the selenium supplement above a nutritionally adequate level. Hence, for these selenoproteins, mRNA turnover appears to be the pretranslational process most sensitive to selenium intake. In addition, selenoprotein mRNAs are stabilized differentially in selenium deficiency, depending upon the tissue examined. Percentage changes in the activity of selenoenzymes were not always the same as the changes in their mRNA levels. This suggests that other processes, including translation and protein turnover, may determine the ultimate level of enzyme activity attained in response to dietary selenium intake.
Influence of processing and material variables on resin‐fiber interface in liquid composite molding

In this study, systematic investigation of influence of processing variables on the tensile strength and resin-fiber interface of composites prepared by liquid composite molding process was carried out. The variables studied included injection pressure and mold/fiber mat temperature. Fibers were better wetted and bonded at lower injection pressure and higher molding temperature, which resulted in a higher tensile strength of molded composites. Single filament composite tests were also used in conjunction with birefringence studies to characterize interface bonding. Improved interfacial behavior was observed in the case of compatible systems.
Microtitrations of organic bases in nonaqueous solvents

The use of acetic acid as a solvent for the microtitration of organic bases has been investigated. Bases, whose pKb, in water are 12 or below have been found titrable both visually and potentiometrically.
Total energy expenditure as measured by doubly‐labeled water in outpatients with bulimia nervosa

Objective This study measured total energy expenditure (TEE) in symptomatic outpatient women with bulimia nervosa and normal controls. The study aimed to test the conceptual model of bulimia nervosa as an illness characterized by a physiological state of starvation, despite normal weight. Method Total fat and fat-free mass were measured using hydrodensitometry and total energy expenditure was assessed via the doubly-labeled water method, in nine normal weight outpatient females with DSM-III-R bulimia nervosa and ten healthy female controls. Results Patients and controls were similar in age, body mass index, weight, lean body mass, and levels of exercise and general activity. Patients had an average baseline binge frequency of 14.7 episodes per week and purge frequency of 16.8 times per week, and had been ill for an average of 11.9 years. Group mean TEE did not differ between patients and controls (patients 2380 ± 482 kcal/day, controls 2368 ± 515 kcal day). Observed TEE in the bulimic subjects did not differ significantly from TEE predicted on the basis of data from the controls. Discussion This finding of normal TEE in symptomatic outpatients with bulimia nervosa is consistent with a previous study that found no difference in TEE in a sample of symptomatic inpatients with bulimia nervosa. These data suggest that the energy conserving metabolic adaptations characteristic of semi-starvation do not occur in patients with bulimia nervosa. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 470–476, 2001.
Adoption and use of technology in early education

The increased access to, but continued under-use of, technology in education makes it imperative to understand the barriers teachers face when integrating technology into their classrooms. While prior research suggests teachers encounter both first-order extrinsic barriers and second-order personal barriers, much of this research has focused on K-12 teachers, not early childhood educators. Applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to early childhood education, the current study examines predictors of early childhood educators' access to and use of traditional technologies and newer mobile devices. Findings from 1329 teachers of 0-4-year-olds reveal that while extrinsic barriers influence access to a range of technologies, positive beliefs in children's learning from technology significantly predicted actual use of technology. Overall, the study provides new insight into factors influencing technology integration specifically for early childhood educators, a subgroup that has not been represented in much of the literature on technology integration in formal education.
16O(n, p)16N: A fast neutron detector for rapid tissue inhomogeneity correction

We have devised a transit dose technique for fast neutron therapy treatment planning based on the 16O(n, p)16N reaction in recirculating water, and have determined the effect of simulated bone and lung inhomogeneities in phantom. An effective threshold of 10.2 MeV in the 16O(n, p) reaction is exploited to detect transmitted neutrons without the need detector collimation. This system has been demonstrated with 14 MeV (d, T) neutrons and with cyclotron produced p(42) + Be neutrons. 16N decays to the 6.13 MeV excited states of 16O in 7.14 s, allowing for easy identification by NaI(T1) and for rapid recirculation. The transmission of fast neutrons can thus be related to an effective thickness of soft tissue, providing a rapid and direct measure of the effects of inhomogeneities under actual treatment conditions, with the 10 MeV threshold providing a useful degree of insensitivity to multiply scattered neutrons. Equivalent thickness of compact bone and lung relative to water were found to be 1.4 and 0.34 respectively, closely resembling the effective thicknesses for Cobalt-60 gamma rays.
Synthesis of functionalized polysiloxane 4-acylpyrazolone Schiff base ligand system and its applications in the adsorption of lanthanide ions from aqueous solutions

A novel functionalized polysiloxane material with covalently bonded 4-acylpyrazolone Schiff base ligand was prepared by polycondensation of 4-[1-(3-triethoxysilyl-propylamino)-ethylidene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one with four equivalents of tetraethoxysilane under basic conditions. This polysiloxane material was characterized using elemental analysis, solid-state CP MAS 13C, 29Si NMR, TG-DTA and FT-IR spectroscopy. Lanthanide ion adsorption properties of this polysiloxane material were studied for seven trivalent lanthanide ions and are shown to be selective in the adsorption of Yb3+ ions from dilute aqueous solutions, in which 99% adsorption was observed from a 1.00 × 10−5 M aq. solution of pH 6.7, after 24 h at room temperature. Six other lanthanides studied, Gd3+, Tb3+, Eu3+, La3+, Nd3+ and Sm3+ showed moderate to weaker adsorptions of 36, 36, 28, 17, 14, and 11% respectively under identical conditions.
Validity of assessment centers for personnel selection

Abstract Research and practice in the application of assessment centers (AC) for personnel selection are reviewed and critiqued. Several examples of the use of ACs for external screening, internal promotion, and certification are described. Several types of evidence of validity of ACs for selection are reviewed, including representativeness of the content of dimensions and exercises in relation to job requirements, relationships among ratings within an AC, relationships of AC ratings and criteria of work effectiveness, and consequences of assessments including candidates' reactions to assessments and sub-group differences in ratings. Several controversies in research findings and practices of ACs are noted. Further research to address these controversies and new research to study emerging issues are suggested. Conclusions about the validity, fairness, and legal defensibility of ACs for personnel selection are offered.
Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin: Comparison of Nerve Blocking Mechanism

Saxitoxin at concentrations of 3 x 10-8 to 3 x 10-7 mole per liter blocks the conduction of lobster giant axon with no change in resting potential. Recovery of washed axons is faster in those that had been treated with saxitoxin than it is in those that were treated with tetrodotoxin. Peak transient increase in nerve membrane conductance is selectively blocked by saxitoxin with no change in late steady-state increase in conductance. The major mechanism of saxitoxin blockage is the same that of tetrodotoxin blockage.
TOWARD AN ONTOLOGY OF AUDIO PRESERVATION

This study examines a selection of philosophical frameworks that influence decision-making in audio preservation. Issues of reproduction and digitization, materiality, and the acceptance of change are considered and contextualized among other conservation specialties. Comparisons are drawn between audio recordings, fine art, and library materials, with attention to general and special collections concepts. A spectrum of authenticity is proposed and applied to three real-world case studies to demonstrate the utility of philosophical constructs as applied to audio preservation programs and techniques.
Development of Composite Eggs in Miastor (Diptera: Cecidomyidae)

IN insects, two embryos developing within a common set of egg membranes may originate in several ways: by a splitting of the original embryonic primordium1; by production of a secondary primordium2,3; by naturally occurring polyembryony4; and by ovarian fusion of oocytes to produce composite eggs4,5. Oocyte fusions have been reported (or are assumed to have occurred) in several orders of insects5–9, but detailed embryological studies have been made only in phasmids (Orthoptera)5. This report is about the development of composite eggs in a laboratory stock of a paedogenetic parthenogenetic species of Miastor10. (Imagos are necessary for species determination in Miastor—although this stock has been under continuous observation since 1958, no adult midges have been found.) Fourteen composite eggs were found among some 12,000 eggs examined during investigations of embryogenesis in Miastor. Material consisted of whole mounts of eggs stained with borax carmine, and of sectioned material stained with iron haematoxylin or with Feulgen and fast green. The term “egg” as used throughout refers to the structure composed of the oocyte or embryo, the nurse cells and the surrounding follicle cells.
Control of polygonal mesh resolution for 3-D computer vision

A common representation in 3-D computer vision is the polygonal surface mesh because meshes can model objects of arbitrary shape and are easily constructed from sensed 3-D data. The resolution of a surface mesh is the overall spacing between vertices that comprise the mesh. Because sensed 3-D points are often unevenly distributed, the resolution of a surface mesh is often poorly defined. We present an algorithm that transforms a mesh with an uneven spacing between vertices into a mesh with a more even spacing between vertices, thus improving its definition of resolution. In addition, we show how the algorithm can be used to control the resolution of surface meshes, making them amenable to multiresolution approaches in computer vision. The structure of our algorithm is modeled on iterative mesh simplification algorithms common in computer graphics; however, the individual steps in our algorithm are designed specifically to control mesh resolution. An even spacing between vertices is generated by applying a sequence of local edge operations that promote uniform edge lengths while preserving mesh shape. To account for polyhedral objects, we introduce an accurate shape change measure that permits edge operations along sharp creases. By locally bounding the total change in mesh shape, drastic changes in global shape are prevented. We show results from many 3-D sensing domains including computed tomography, range imaging, and digital elevation map construction.
Expanded view of zeolite structures and their variability based on layered nature of 3-D frameworks

Historically, zeolites have been formed and viewed as continuous, 3-dimensional, 4-connected frameworks. Originally these appeared not to be amenable to non-destructive structural modification post-synthesis. By contrast, the synthesis of zeolite MCM-22 followed an indirect pathway to framework formation via a layered precursor MCM-22P comprising stacked MCM-22 monolayers. Gradually other spatial arrangements of these layers have been synthesized, accidentally or by post-synthesis modification, such as: pillared, delaminated, stabilized in expanded form and disordered. MCM-22 can be formed by the conventional direct assembly in 3-D pathway as well (i.e., MCM-49). Subsequently, other frameworks have been recognized as having the layered precursor including well known classical zeolites ferrierite, sodalite and recently ZSM-5. This new approach has been suggested to extend to most, possibly all zeolites. An expanded view of zeolites structures is presented in an integrated scheme based on various materials identified with MWW structure. It is shown that X-ray powder diffraction can be used to unequivocally identify various types of structures generated by different layer arrangements. This is based on self-consistent detailed analysis of selected peaks that reflect inter-layer distances and ordering.
COMPARISON OF OXYGEN–INDUCED RADICAL INTERMEDIATES IN iNOS OXYGENASE DOMAIN WITH THOSE FROM nNOS and eNOS

Inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) produces the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) involved in bacteria killing and is crucial in the host defense mechanism. However, high level ROS/RNS can also be detrimental to normal cells and thus their production has to be tightly controlled. Availability or deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor and l-arginine substrate controls coupling or uncoupling of NOS catalysis. Fully coupled reaction, with abundant BH4 and l-arginine, produces NO whereas the uncoupled NOS (in the absence of BH4 and/or l-arginine) generates ROS/RNS. In the current work we focus on direct rapid freeze EPR to characterize the structure and kinetics of oxygen-induced radical intermediates produced by ferrous inducible NOS oxygenase domain (iNOSox) in the presence or absence of BH4 and/or l-arginine. Fully reconstituted iNOSox (+BH4, +L-Arg) forms a dimer and yields a typical BH4 radical that indicates coupled reaction. iNOSox (-BH4) remains mainly monomeric and produces exclusively superoxide, that is only marginally affected by the presence of l-arginine. iNOSox (+BH4, -L-Arg) exists as a monomer/dimer mixture and yields both BH4 radical and superoxide. Present study is a natural extension of our previous work on the ferrous endothelial NOSox (eNOSox) [V. Berka, G. Wu, H.C. Yeh, G. Palmer, A.L. Tsai, J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 32243-32251] and ferrous neuronal NOSox (nNOSox) [V. Berka, L.H. Wang, A.L. Tsai, Biochemistry 47 (2008) 405-420]. Overall, our data suggests different regulatory roles of l-arginine and BH4 in the production of oxygen-induced radical intermediates in NOS isoforms which nicely serve individual functional role.
Why Siegel's Arguments Are Irrelevant to the Definition of Learning Disabilities

Les auteurs se situent en faveur de la these de SIEGEL selon laquelle le Q.I. est inadequat pour la definition des handicaps d'apprentissage. Neanmoins, ils montrent que les arguments employes par SIEGEL ne sont pas pertinents et que d'autres arguments s'imposent
Ways to learn and teach creativity and design in computing science

The role of design and creativity is well established in many disciplines in science, engineering and art. However, in computing science disciplines, specifically in the development of software systems and information technology, the computing educational community is struggling to include creativity and design in their teaching and research. Existing curriculum in computing science lacks the foundation necessary to systematically include these concepts in the learning experience. At Humboldt State University (HSU), the authors have initiated a NSF funded educational and research project to build an interdisciplinary community with interest, experience and knowledge in teaching and learning creativity and design. During the fall of 2006, fifteen faculty from thirteen disciplines at HSU began to explore a variety of activities to facilitate the teaching and learning of creativity and design from an interdisciplinary perspective. This paper briefly presents our design process and overview of a five week course for teaching creativity and design to undergraduate computer science students.
Numerical computation of 2D Sommerfeld integrals—decomposition of the angular integral

Abstract Spectral domain techniques are frequently used in conjunction with Galerkin's method to obtain the current distribution on planar structures. When this technique is employed, a large percentage of the computation time is spent filling the impedance matrix. Therefore, it is important to develop accurate and efficient numerical techniques for the computation of the impedance elements, which can be written as two-dimensional (2D) Sommerfeld integrals. Once the current distribution has been found, then the near-zone electric field distribution can be obtained by computing another set of 2D Sommerfeld integrals. The computational efficiency of the 2D Sommerfeld integrals can be improved in two ways. The first method, which is discussed in this paper, involves finding a new way to compute the inner angular integral in the polar representation of these integrals. It turns out that the angular integral can be decomposed into a finite number of incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integrals, which in turn can be calculated using series expansions. Therefore, the angular integral can be computed by summing a series instead of applying a standard numerical integration algorithm. This new technique is found to be more accurate and efficient when piecewise-sinusoidal basis functions are used to analyze a printed strip dipole antenna in a layered medium. The incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integral representation for the angular integral is then used in another paper to develop a novel asymptotic extraction technique for the outer semi-infinite integral.
Determination of inhomogeneous character of optical transitions in CdSSe semiconductor nanocrystals at band edge at 300 K

The incoherent broad-band time delayed four-wave-mixing technique was used to study carrier relaxation dynamics at the absorption edge of CdSSE nanocrystallites doped in glass at room temperature. The absorption spectra is found to be homogeneously broadened at shorter wavelengths and inhomogeneously broadened at longer. We find the “homogeneous” T2 ≊ 30 fs throughout while the “inhomogeneous” T2 ⪢ T2 at the short wavelength end and T2 at the long wavelength end where it corresponds to an inhomogeneous distribution with a FWHM of 46 meV.
MO-D-I-611-09: Effect of the Photon Counting CT Acquisition On Beam Hardening Artifacts

Purpose: Low noise performance of the photon counting x‐ray image acquisition applies also to CT when CT projections are acquired using a photon countingdetector. However, the photon countingdetector assigns a different weighting factor to the photons as compared to charge integrating, and the photon energy spectrum in the output of the detector is represented differently. This results in different magnitudes of the beam hardening artifacts in CTimages acquired with photon counting and charge integrating detectors. Purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the photon counting on beam hardening artifacts in CT.Method and Materials:CTimages of the head and breast equivalent phantoms including high and low contrast inserts were simulated at 120 kVp and 90 kVp x‐ray tube voltages. Photon counting, charge integrating and energy weighting detectors with photon energy weighting factors of 1, E and E−3, respectively, were considered. Magnitudes of the beam hardening artifacts were quantified and compared for these detectors.Results:Photon countingdetector resulted in 4.5% increase of the magnitude of beam hardening artifacts from bone inserts as compared to charge integrating. The most optimal weighting of E−3, which provides the highest SNR, however, resulted in 18% increase in beam hardening artifacts from bone inserts. The magnitude of the “cupping” artifacts was higher by 2% and 5% for photon counting and energy weighting detectors, respectively, as compared to charge integrating. Only the photon counting provided accurate representation of the beam hardening effect due to its flat energy weighting. The charge integrating and energy weighting distorted the beam hardening effect because of energy dependent weighting factors. Conclusion: It is concluded that the low noise capabilities of the photon countingCT will not be compromised by the slight increase on appearance of the beam hardening artifacts.
The effect of six keyboard designs on wrist and forearm postures

There is increasing evidence that alternative geometry keyboards may prevent or reduce arm pain or disorders, and presumably the mechanism is by reducing awkward arm postures. However, the effect of alternative keyboards, especially the new designs, on wrist and arm postures are not well known. In this laboratory study, the wrist and forearm postures of 100 subjects were measured with a motion analysis system while they typed on 6 different keyboard configurations. There were significant differences in wrist extension, ulnar deviation, and forearm pronation between keyboards. When considering all 6 wrists and forearm postures together, the keyboard with an opening angle of 12°, a gable angle of 14°, and a slope of 0° appears to provide the most neutral posture among the keyboards tested. Subjects most preferred this keyboard or a similar keyboard with a gable angle of 8° and they least preferred the keyboard on a conventional laptop computer. These findings may assist in recommendations regarding the selection of keyboards for computer usage.
Revolution and the art of history in France: Daniel Auber’s Gustave III (1833)

Following the July Revolution of 1830, French history writing began to reflect a new personal perspective that allowed many to identify with the earlier revolution of 1789. This immediate association with the past allowed individuals to connect with history in ways that reflected themselves as well as the new political and cultural horizon. French grand opera represented this desire for historical knowledge by displaying a dramatic narrative akin to the writings of French academic historian Jules Michelet (1798–1874). Through the analysis of the music and libretto of Daniel Auber’s Gustave III (1833) it is shown that the historical narrative found within this so-called’ opera historique’ embraces the same historiographic narrative of revolution as found in the writings of Michelet. Such an investigation highlights the aesthetic and cultural importance of grand opera in France as well as the genre’s relationship to national identity in the first half of the nineteenth century.
Application of dynamic inversion with extended high-gain observers to inverted pendulum on a cart

In this paper we utilize dynamic inversion together with high-gain observers to stabilize an inverted pendulum on a cart. Dynamic inversion is used to invert the nonlinear map involving the control input and the high-gain observers are used to estimate the states and terms related to acceleration variables. Through numerical simulations and experiments, it is shown that it is possible to stabilize the inverted pendulum on a cart and recover the performance of state feedback control.
Isolation of an individual allosteric interaction in tetrameric phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

Phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BsPFK) is a model allosteric enzyme system in which the interactions between substrates and allosteric effectors have been extensively studied. However, the oligomeric nature of BsPFK has made it difficult to determine the molecular basis of the allosteric regulation because of the multitude of different types of heterotropic and homotropic interactions that are possible between the four active sites and four allosteric sites in the native tetramer. In an attempt to alleviate the complexity of the system and thereby allow the quantitation of a single interaction between one active site and one allosteric site, site-directed mutagenesis has been coupled with a hybrid-forming scheme to create and isolate a tetramer of BsPFK in which only a single active site and a single allosteric site are capable of binding their respective ligands with high (i.e., near wild type) affinity. Characterization of this single allosteric interaction indicates that the free energy involved in the inhibition by the allosteric effector phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is 1.48 +/- 0.15 kcal/mol compared to the 3.58 +/- 0.02 kcal/mol measured for the enzyme.
Brave New World or Blind Alley? American History on the World Wide Web.

In August 1995 Netscape Communications Corporation went public at $28 a share; that fall, it briefly reached a peak of $174an incredible figure for a company making no real profits and whose best-known product was essentially free. Even at year's end, when the share price settled around $130, its market capitalization was more than $5 billion -greater than the combined market value of the New York Times Corporation and United Airlines. Netscape's skyrocketing stock price reflected the sudden discovery by investors and the general public of the Internet, the global network of connected computers that communicate with each other by following a common set of protocols. In November 1969 the Internet's predecessor, the Arpanet (named after its funder, the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency), consisted of just two specially designed communications computers located in Los Angeles and Palo Alto, California. Its initial users were scientists and technical people, particularly those with Defense Department connections. But in the 1980s and 1990s the Internet rapidly became a broadly accessed medium that began to rival the telephone and post office in importance.1 Even more responsible for the investor gold rush into Netscape stock was the still more recent emergence of the World Wide Web, whose origins go back to the efforts in the late 1980s of Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, to find a way for physicists to share information easily. The Web, as it is commonly called, uses the Internet's global network, but with a more specialized set of protocols. These protocols make it possible for computers connected to the Web to display pictures, sound, and film; for users to move very rapidly from one Web site to another; and for each Web page to have a single, distinct address (called a "Universal Resource Locator" or "uRL"). The
The effect of heat treatment on the magnitude and composition of residual gas in sealed silica glass ampoules

The residual gas pressure and composition in sealed silica glass ampoules as a function of different treatment procedures has been investigated. The dependence of the residual gas on the outgassing and annealing parameters has been determined. The effects of the fused silica brand, of the ampoule fabrication, and of post-outgassing procedures have been evaluated.
Prolongation of the fast pathway effective refractory period during cryoablation in children: a marker of slow pathway modification.

Background The fast pathway effective refractory period (ERP) has been reported to decrease after slow pathway modification with radiofrequency (RF) energy. How the fast pathway ERP changes during the ablation application has not been reported with either RF or cryoenergy. Objectives Using the unique features of cryotherapy, this study assesses the short-term changes in fast pathway ERP during cryomodification of the slow pathway and examines whether these changes are a useful marker for successful slow pathway modification in children. Methods Nineteen pediatric patients (median age 15.1 years, range 9.6–19.6 years; weight 60.7 kg, range 35.6–130.2 kg) with anterograde dual AV nodal physiology underwent slow pathway modification with catheter-based cryoablation. Programmed stimulation was performed during cryoapplications after reaching −25°C to assess fast pathway and slow pathway conduction. Data were analyzed from 59 of 237 cryoapplications where the fast pathway ERP was measured more than once (n = 13 patients). Results For 23 of 59 applications where the slow pathway was modified, the fast pathway ERP significantly increased during cryotherapy (Δ = 33.5 ms, P Conclusion The fast pathway ERP prolongs during cryoapplications that result in slow pathway modification and shortens after termination of cryoapplications. The magnitude of fast pathway ERP prolongation during cryoapplication may be useful as a marker for successful slow pathway modification.
On Ramsey numbers of uniform hypergraphs with given maximum degree

For every e > 0 and every positive integers Δ and r, there exists C = C(e, Δ, r) such that the Ramsey number, R (H, H) of any r-uniform hypergraph H with maximum degree at most Δ is at most C|V(H)|1+e.
Combining information from sources that vary in credibility

Models describing the role of source credibility in information integration were tested in two experiments. In the first experiment, subjects estimated the value of used cars based on two cues: blue book value and an estimate provided by one of three friends who examined the car. The three sources were described as differing in mechanical expertise. In the second experiment, subjects rated the likeableness of persons described by either one or two adjectives, each adjective contributed by a different source. The sources differed with respect to the length of their acquaintance with the person to be rated. In both experiments, credibility of the source magnified the impact of the information he provided. Further, this multiplicative effect of a source was inversely related to the credibility of the other source, in violation of additive or constant-weight averaging models, but consistent with a relative-weight averaging model.
Immune responses and resistance to brucellosis in mice vaccinated orally with Brucella abortus RB51.

Immune responses and resistance to infection with Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308) were measured in mice following oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination with strain RB51 (SRB51). Bacteria persisted in the parotid lymph node for 4 weeks following oral vaccination of mice with 5 x 10(8) or 5 x 10(6) CFU of SRB51. Bacteria did not appear in the spleen during 12 weeks after oral vaccination, whereas they did appear in the spleen for 8 weeks following i.p. vaccination of mice with SRB51 (5 x 10(8) or 5 x 10(6) CFU). Increased resistance to S2308 infection occurred at 12 to 20 weeks in mice vaccinated i.p. with SRB51 (5 x 10(8) or 5 x 10(6) CFU) but occurred at 12 weeks only in mice vaccinated orally with SRB51 (5 x 10(8) CFU). Oral SRB51 vaccination induced lower levels of antibodies to the surface antigens of intact SRB51 bacteria than did i.p. vaccination. However, neither route of vaccination induced anamnestic antibody responses to the surface antigens of intact S2308 bacteria after challenge infection of the vaccinated mice with S2308. Mice vaccinated orally with SRB51 and challenged with S2308 at 12 to 20 weeks had lower and less persistent spleen cell proliferation and production of gamma interferon in response to S2308 and certain immunodominant S2308 proteins (32 to < or = 18 kDa) than did mice vaccinated i.p. with SRB51. However, mice vaccinated orally or i.p. with SRB51 and challenged with S2308 had similar spleen cell tumor necrosis factor alpha production. These results indicate that oral vaccination of mice with SRB51 was effective in inducing protective immunity to S2308 infection, although the immunity was lower and less persistent than that induced by i.p. vaccination. The lower protective immunity induced by oral vaccination may have resulted from lower and less persistent cell-mediated immunity and gamma interferon production in response to S2308 and S2308 proteins.
Slanted Newspaper Coverage of Immigration: The Importance of Economics and Geography

When compared to studies of media effects, relatively few studies of the media focus on factors that influence the behavior of media organizations. Specifically, there are few empirical studies of the attributes and incentives of news organizations that might lead to slanted coverage of particular policy issues. In this study, we identify factors that lead to negatively slanted coverage of a specific policy issue: immigration. Using content analysis, geographic information systems (GIS) data, and contextual data, we find that newspaper ownership and proximity to the U.S.–Mexico border are related to slant in news articles and opinion pieces regarding immigration.
Politics at the Checkout Line Explaining Political Consumerism in the United States

Political consumerism is the intentional buying or abstention from buying specific products for political, social, or ethical purposes. We develop and test hypotheses regarding the individual sources of political consumerism in the United States. Analysis of survey data shows that similar to voting, education, political interest, and citizen duty promote political consumerism. Akin to protest behavior, political consumerism is enhanced by political distrust and general discontent. In contrast to turnout, political consumerism significantly decreases with age. Given the extraelectoral and self-initiated nature of political consumerism, citizen initiative and a proclivity for individualized forms of activism are significant sources of political consumerism.
Trade Liberalization and Foreign Direct Investment: An Applied General Equilibrium Model for Costa Rica

This paper quantifies the welfare impact of unilateral trade liberalization and computes the optimal tariff structure for Costa Rica in the presence of trade-policy- induced international capital flows and foreign capital taxation. For this, an applied general equilibrium model integrating trade, capital flows and international capital income taxation is used. The model has been calibrated to a 1990-91 data set for the economies of Costa Rica and a group of OECD countries. In the model, foreign capital income is taxed by host countries and the tax-credit system operates in foreign investors home countries. Results for Costa Rica show that complete trade liberalization ends up being welfare-reducing, as it leads to an outflow of capital and loss of tax revenue which more than offset the efficiency gains from an enhanced resource allocation. The optimal tariff structure for the Costa Rican economy turns out to be a mixture of import tariffs and subsidies, though of a relatively small level.
Conflicts over control and use of medical records at the New York hospital before the standardization movement.

Medical records contain important clues about the history of medicine. These documents, which ostensibly describe the course of a patient's illness, are “unique constructions that allow us to observe the social and technical structure of contemporary healing.” As such, the 21st-century hospital medical record reflects the many components of inpatient care: medical interventions, billing, legal documentation, research, and education. It is comprised of a wide array of elements: professionals' notes; vital signs and other descriptive information; laboratory data and test results; demographic information; orders, charges, diagnostic and treatment codes; and other utilization data. It is well understood that many people share and need this information. Current controversies over records involve not control, but computerization, security, and accessibility. Although health professionals offer input, decisions about hospital medical records have been considered largely an administrative responsibility.
Evaluation for Secondary Causes of Headache: The Role of Blood and Urine Testing

Most patients presenting for evaluation of headache meet diagnostic criteria for a benign, primary headache disorder based on history and physical examination findings alone. No further testing is needed in such cases. Additional diagnostic evaluation is needed in cases that do not meet criteria for a primary headache disorder or which are associated with unusual or worrisome features. This article will review secondary causes of headache listed in the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II in which blood and urine testing might aid in diagnosis. We offer recommendations for diagnostic evaluation when these disorders are suspected causes of headache.
A rotation–torsion vibronic band contour program

A Fortran-77 computer program has been written which calculates the rotation–torsion profile of a vibronic transition using an asymmetric top/free internal rotor Hamiltonian. The program is applicable to any molecule that is composed of a frame portion of C2v symmetry a free rotor portion of C3v symmetry. Rotation–torsion bands of A-, B-, and C-type contours may be calculated within an assumed Boltzmann distribution of rotation–torsion level populations or within a specified non-Boltzmann distribution of torsional level populations.
Comparison of Electron and Infrared Spectroscopy with Thermal Analysis to Study Molecular Weight Effects in PVC-PMMA Blends

The effects of homopolymer molecular weight on the miscibility of PVC/PMMA solvent cast blends were studied. Two significantly different molecular weights were chosen for each of the homopolymers, and a series of blends was prepared from the four possible homopolymer-homopolymer combinations. Angle-dependent ESCA results suggest that the surfaces of the blends are enriched with PMMA. The extent of this enrichment is dependent on molecular weight, with the most enrichment seen in blends containing the lower-molecular-weight PMMA homopolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results are also presented.
A Computational Model of Text Reuse in Ancient Literary Texts

We propose a computational model of text reuse tailored for ancient literary texts, available to us often only in small and noisy samples. The model takes into account source alternation patterns, so as to be able to align even sentences with low surface similarity. We demonstrate its ability to characterize text reuse in the Greek New Testament.
Single Crystal Structural and Absorption Spectral Characterizations of Nitric Oxide Synthase Complexed with Nω-Hydroxy-l-arginine and Diatomic Ligands,

The X-ray structures of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with Nω-hydroxy-l-arginine (l-NHA) and CO (or NO) bound have been determined at 1.91−2.2 A resolution. Microspectrophotometric techniques confirmed reduced redox state and the status of diatomic ligand complexes during X-ray diffraction data collection. The structure of nNOS-NHA-NO, a close mimic to the dioxygen complex, provides a picture of the potential interactions between the heme-bound diatomic ligand, substrate l-NHA, and the surrounding protein and solvent structure environment. The OH group of l-NHA in the X-ray structures deviates from the plane of the guanidinium moiety substantially, indicating that the OH-bearing, protonated guanidine Nω nitrogen of l-NHA has substantial sp3 hybridization character. This nitrogen geometry, different from that of the guanidinium Nω nitrogen of l-arginine, allows a hydrogen bond to be donated to the proximal oxygen of the heme-bound dioxygen complex, thus preventing cleavage of the O−O bond. Instead,...
Some Effects of the Need for Cognition on Course Grades

It was predicted that high need for cognition students would better comprehend course material which required a great deal of effortful thought than would low need for cognition students; no differences were expected for material which required relatively less effortful thought. Students completed a measure of the need for cognition and four objective tests in an undergraduate social psychology course. As indicated by independent student-raters, course material varied in the amount of effortful thought required for mastery. Results were consistent with our hypotheses. Analysis also showed that the differences in the need for cognition on comprehension were not mediated by differences in intolerance of ambiguity.