cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bisulfite on Lobster Shell Phenoloxidase

The role of bisulfite inhibition on the phenoloxidase (PO) catalyzed melanosis reaction in lobster was investigated. Bisulfite appears to inhibit melanosis by two mechanisms: (1) by reacting with intermediate quinones in the melanosis reaction, forming sulfoquinones, and (2) by irreversibly reacting with PO causing complete inactivation. The first mechanism is important because intermediate quinones (do-pachrome) are the chroma for spectrophotometric analysis of PO activity.
Thermal enhancement of the effect of ifosfamide against a spontaneous murine fibrosarcoma, FSa-II.

The effect of hyperthermia on the cytotoxicity of 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]-tetrahydro-2H-,1,3, 2-oxazaphosphorine-2-oxide, ifosfamide (IFO) was investigated in vivo. Tumours were early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous C3Hf/Sed mouse fibrosarcoma, FSa-II. The tumour cell suspensions containing approximately 2 x 10(5) cells were transplanted into the dorsal site of the C3Hf/Sed mouse foot. Hyperthermia was given by immersing the tumour-bearing foot into a constant temperature water bath set at 41.5 degrees C for 0-90 min when tumours reached 34 mm3. IFO was administered i.p. immediately before hyperthermia. Tumour response was studied by the tumour growth (TG) time assay; namely, the TG time or the time for one-half of the treated tumours to reach 700 mm3 from the initial treatment day was determined and the dose-response curves was fitted between the TG time and IFO dose. The anti-tumour effect of IFO was enhanced at this elevated temperature. The thermal enhancement ratio (TER) or the ratio of the slope of dose-response curve at 41.5 degrees C to that of dose-response curve without hyperthermia was relatively small for a short treatment time of 30 min. This TER was smaller for IFO than the TERs for cyclophosphamide (CY) and BCNU which had been studied in our laboratory. However, the TER for IFO increased greatly with a prolongation of treatment time from 30 to 90 min, and exceeded the TER for CY. The TERs were 1.5, 2.6 and 3.6 for heating time of 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively, indicating that a long treatment time such as 90 min at moderately elevated temperatures could result in a substantial enhancement of the antitumour effect of IFO.
A multi‐level model of moral functioning revisited

The model of moral functioning scaffolded in the 2008 JME Special Issue is here revisited in response to three papers criticising that volume. As guest editor of that Special Issue I have formulated the main body of this response, concerning the dynamic systems approach to moral development, the problem of moral relativism and the role of emotion in moral functioning. Five 2008 Special Issue authors contribute reflections: Darcia Narvaez, Jeremy Frimer and Lawrence Walker, Helen Haste and Ann Higgins‐d’Alessandro. The Dynamic Systems Approach proposed by Kim and Sankey is commended, with some reflections on potential problems. The challenge of Gibbs et al. is answered. And the concerns of Kristjansson are recognised as pointing toward needed work though failing to appreciate the way the Special Issue authors frame the role of emotion in moral functioning. The outline of the multi‐level model of moral functioning offered in the Special Issue is clarified and reaffirmed in response to these three critiques.
Intensities and satellites of 4ƒ-photoelectrons in thorium and uranium dioxides

Abstract In a comparison between photoelectron-spectroscopic intensities and theoretical orbital ionization cross-sections, it is found that whereas the intensities and cross-sections agree for the ratio of Th(4ƒ) to O(1s) in ThO2, the ratio for U(4ƒ) to O(1s) in UO2 differs from the theoretical ratio by 36%. It is shown that the deviation is attributable to the loss of U(4ƒ) photoelectrons through the degradation of their kinetic energies into the tail on the high binding energy side of the spectrum. The results for ThO2 imply a linear dependence of the inelastic scattering mean free path on kinetic energy; the results for UO2 imply extensive configuration interaction between the 4ƒ core-hole and unoccupied states of the cation, and they demonstrate the use of theoretical cross-sections to determine the extent.
Effects of various drugs on the uterotropic response to mestranol and norethynodrel in the rat.

To evaluate possible interactions between mestranol and norethynodrel synthetic steroids used in oral contraceptive drug formulations and various other drugs the induction phase response of the rat uterus to a single dose of hormone is used. Immature female rats 19 days old were used. Drugs were administered ip twice daily for 3 days at the following doses: phenobarbital 37 mg/kg; SKG 525A (Proadifen) 40mg/kg; tolbutamide 125 mg/kg; chlorpromazine 5 mg/kg; imipramine 8 mg/kg; paraaminosalicylic acid 3 mg/kg; diphenylhydantoin 125 mg/kg; phenylbutazone 60 mg/kg; scopolamine hydrobromide .5 mg/kg. The total volume/ dose was .2 ml. All drugs were dissolved in saline with the exception of phenylbutazone and diphenylhydantoin which were suspended in carboxymethylcellulose medium. Mestranol and norethynodrel were dissolved in corn oil and administered in a volume of .2 ml by oral intubation 18 hours following the last pretreatment dose. Saline was used as the control pretreatment injection and corn oil as the control for the steroids. 4 hours after the oral administration of the steroid the rats were weighed and sacrificed. Phenobarbital significantly decreased uterine wet weight in control animals as well as in those treated with 1 or 3 mcg of mestranol. Pretreatment with SKG 525A significantly increased the uterine wet weight in both control and mestranol treated rats. Of the other drugs only tolbutamide increased the uterine wet weight in both control and mestranol treated groups. The response to 1 mcg. of mestranol was increased with chlorpromazine imipramine para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) and tolbutamide. Significant decreases in the response to 1 mcg. of mestranol were found following pretreatment with diphenylhydantoin scopolamine hydrobromide and phenylbutazone. Following pretreatment with phenylbarbital or diphenylhydantoin the response to 4 mcg of norethynodrel was abolished. Pretreatment with SKG 525A resulted in significant increases in response over norethynodrel controls. The test system used in these experiments was sensitive to drugs acting by different mechanisms and therefore could prove useful in predicting interaction between drugs and steroids used in treating gynecologic problems.
Evaluation of an alternative methodology for investigating leadership and binge drinking among sorority members.

Abstract Recent research suggests that leaders in Greek organizations use alcohol more frequently and more heavily than nonleaders in Greek organizations. These results carry considerable implications for the majority of existing alcohol education programs that rely heavily on peer modeling. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a more complex and realistic assessment of leadership involvement produced different results than the previous study. Results from 327 women in five randomly selected sororities provide evidence that binge drinking is related to some negative academic outcomes, but that a significant relationship between binge drinking and leadership involvement in Greek organizations does not exist. Furthermore, the results provide evidence that leadership styles do not influence the leadership involvement–binge drinking relationship.
Indirect reduction of hexavalent chromium by copper in the presence of superoxide

Abstract Indirect photoreduction of chromium(VI) was investigated in the presence of superoxide radical (O2−) produced by continuous radiolysis of water. Although there is no direct reaction between superoxide and chromium(VI), the presence of nanomolar concentrations of copper can result in Cr(VI) reduction through copper(I) produced during superoxide redox cycling. The reduction rate is a function of metal speciation and concentrations. Cr(VI) reduction rates increase with increasing copper concentrations. At chloride concentrations typical of estuaries and oceans (i.e., >0.01 M), reduction rates decrease because CuCl2− is much less reactive towards chromium(VI) than Cu+. At pH>6.5, Cr(VI) reduction rates decrease because CrO42− is much less reactive than HCrO4−. Experiments performed in natural water samples suggest that photo-initiated reduction of chromium(VI) by copper and superoxide is the most important mechanism of homogeneous, abiotic chromium(VI) reduction in atmospheric and surface waters with low ionic strength and pH. The reaction is relatively insignificant in marine or estuarine waters.
A sensitive and specific radioenzymatic assay for the simultaneous determination of choline and phosphatidylcholine

Abstract A radioenzymatic procedure for the simultaneous measurement of picomol quantities of phosphatidylcholine and choline is described. Phospholipase-D from Streptomyces chromofuscus hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid. Choline kinase in the presence of [ 32 P]ATP phosphorylates the choline to form [ 32 P]phosphorylcholine. The phosphorylcholine, isolated by ion exchange chromatography, is measured by scintillation spectroscopy. Using a chloroform: methanol separation, phosphatidylcholine and choline can be measured from the same sample. Different sources of phospholipase-D were compared for their ability to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine to choline and phosphatidic acid. Phospholipase-D from Streptomyces chromofuscus was found to result in almost complete hydrolysis. As a measure of specificity, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyclin were assayed using this method and were found to result in, at most, only 2% of the amount of phosphorylcholine produced compared to phosphatidylcholine. This procedure allows for the simultaneous measurement of choline and phosphatidylcholine in brain and serum samples with a very high degree of sensitivity and specificity.
Transfection of α(1,3)fucosyltransferase antisense sequences impairs the proliferative and tumorigenic ability of human colon carcinoma cells

Sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a are oncodevelopmental antigens involved in the pathogenesis of colon adenocarcinoma. Biosynthesis of these glycans is controlled by alpha(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferases. We report the disruption of sialyl Lewis x/a biosynthesis and inhibition of colon carcinoma cell proliferation by stable transfection of antisense sequences directed at the human Lewis alpha(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase gene, FUT3, and the plasma alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase gene, FUT6. COLO-205 cells expressed high levels of sialyl Lewis x/a, alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase activity, and FUT3/6 transcripts, but COLO</205-derived antisense transfectant cell lines AS5C and AS7A did not. Sense transfectant S6G expressed higher levels of fucosyltransferase than parental COLO-205. Cellular proliferation assays showed marked correlative decreases in the growth of antisense lines and, conversely, increased growth of sense transfectants. Subcutaneous tumors created by injection of nude mice with antisense transfectant cell lines grew more slowly than those arising from control COLO-205 and sense transfectants. These results provide target validation for inhibition of carcinoma proliferation with antisense sequences directed at human fucosyltransferases.
Reactions in the System TiO2‐P2O5

The system TiO2-P2O5 was investigated in the compositional range TiO2.P2O5 to 100% TiO2. Two compounds exist, TiO2.P2O5 and 5TiO2.-2P2O5. TiO2.P2O5 begins to lose P2O5 at 1400°C. and both fusion and vaporization proceed rapidly at 1500°C. 5TiO2.2P2O6 melts congruently at 1260°± 3°C. to a glass which can be retained in substantial quantities at room temperature. Physical properties of certain compositions are described.
A numerical study of flow in the Thermal-Hydraulic Out-of-Reactor Safety facility expansion tank

Abstract A new, fast-running, two-dimensional computer code was developed to model the flow and temperature patterns in the expansion tank of the Thermal-Hydraulic Out-of-Reactor Safety (THORS) facility. The THORS facility, located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), is an engineering-scale sodium loop used for thermal-hydraulic testing of simulated Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) subassemblies. In the computer model, the fluid is considered Boussinesq and a simple turbulence model is provided so that a wide range of inlet conditions can be studied. A vorticity-stream function formulation is used on a uniform finite difference grid. The model also includes the thermal response of the tank wall. The results of simulated experiments for natural circulation and forced flow conditions are compared. Inflow boundary conditions were adjusted to simulate boiling in the THORS test section upstream of the expansion tank during some runs made with the code. Streamline and isotherm plots of the results are presented. All cases studied reached thermally stratified conditions in the tank, and regions of buoyancy and convection-dominated flow are observed.
Single Frequency Low Threshold CW 3 Micron PPLN OPO

A low threshold (350 mW) stable single frequency CW OPO has been demonstrated near 3 microns by resonating both the signal wave and a single frequency 1μm Nd:YAG pump laser in a PPLN ring resonator.
Effect of leukocyte depletion on the function of the postobstructed kidney in the rat.

Effect of leukocyte depletion on the function of the postobstructed kidney in the rat. We have observed an influx of leukocytes, predominantly macrophages, into the cortex and medulla of the kidney following ureteral obstruction. To examine the potential contribution of these infiltrating cells to the decrease in GFR and RPF that occurs following ureteral obstruction, 16 male Lewis rats (wt 246.4 ± 4.0 g) were studied in the awake state three hours after unilateral release of 24 hours of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO). Eight rats were not irradiated, and eight rats received 1315 rads one day prior to the obstruction. The leukocyte infiltrate following 24 hours of ureteral obstruction was quantified with and without prior irradiation in an additional eight rats. Irradiation reduced cortical infiltration (27.05 ± 3.07 x 10 5 vs. 1.2 ± 0.83 x 10 5 cells/g tissue) and medullary infiltration (13.6 ± 1.79 x 10 5 vs. 0.86 ± 0.45 x 10 5 cells/g tissue) of leukocytes following BUO (P
Methamphetamine Use among Rural White and Native American Adolescents: An Application of the Stress Process Model:

Methamphetamine use has been identified as having significant adverse health consequences, yet we know little about the correlates of its use. Additionally, research has found that Native Americans are at the highest risk for methamphetamine use. Our exploratory study, informed by the stress process model, examines stress and stress buffering factors associated with methamphetamine use among a cross-sectional sample of rural White and Native American adolescents (n = 573). Results of logistic regression analyses revealed mixed support for the stress process model; while stress exposure and family methamphetamine use predicted past year methamphetamine use, the inclusion of these variables failed to attenuate the association between race and past year use.
GUT FEELINGS AND POLICY DECISIONS

Gut feelings have long played a role in decision making. Ask any policy maker about the utility and significance of personal sensitivities and gut feelings in his decisions and he will admit that to some degree, though difficult to measure, decision influences like gut feelings play a significant role in policy making. Theorists who have studied interpretive decision making such as Alfred Schultz, Chris Argyris, Peter Berger, Thomas Luckmann, Larry Kirkhart, David Silverman, Michael Harmon and others suggest that much more goes into decisions in the policy making process than the observable, overt, measurable, rational elements that rational measurement devices such as cost-benefit analysis can evaluate. This paper will attempt to show that the interpretive approach is a well-grounded model to use in decision making and policy analysis and will also develop a model for decision makers to use in evaluating the influences that affect their decisions and ultimately the policy making process.
Comparison of remotely-sensed surveys vs. in situ plot-based assessments of sea grass condition in Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey USA

With the increasing appreciation that sea grass habitats are in global decline, there is a great need to be able to efficiently and effectively assess and characterize the status and trends of sea grass in our coastal ecosystems. This paper examines the utility of remotely sensed vs. in situ plot-based monitoring using the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH), New Jersey, USA estuarine system as a case study. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is the dominant species, while widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) is also common in lower salinity regions of the BB-LEH. Aerial imagery collected during the months of July and August 2009 was interpreted and mapped using object based image analysis techniques, similar to techniques used in the 2003 mapping survey of this system. Boat-based in situ monitoring data were collected concurrently with the aerial photography to assist the image interpretation and for an independent accuracy assessment. We compared the remotely-sensed mapping of sea grass cover change (in 2003 vs. 2009) vs. in situ plot-based monitoring conducted from 2004 through 2009. Comparison of the remotely-sensed vs. the in situ plot-change analysis suggests that the two methodologies had broadly similarly results, with the percent area showing declines in sea grass cover greater than those that exhibited increases. In conclusion, the two studies provide corroborating evidence that sea grass has declined in percent cover in the BB-LEH system during the decade of the 2000’s. While remotely-sensed surveys provide synoptic information for a “big picture” view on sea grass distribution, site specific in situ sampling is required to determine other aspects of sea grass status, e.g. above vs. below-ground biomass, blade length, shoot density, epiphytic loading, etc. Either method alone gives an incomplete picture. As demonstrated in this study, to fully characterize the spatial extent, health, and density of sea grass meadows across the entire estuary, combining remote sensing surveys concomitantly with comprehensive in situ assessment provides the most robust approach.
ITS based methodology to reduce energy consumption and emissions

Global warming is currently one established fact threatening the survival of all life forms on planet earth. Although no one industry has been identified to be fully responsible for the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, it has become clear that the transportation industry is a key player in this global dilemma and that it has to be addressed. In the U.S, global warming has manifested itself as a financial problem and a potential solution. The U.S dependence on foreign petroleum has been weakening its economy and threatening its national security; which made improving the fuel economy of automobiles and reducing demand on fossil fuel a priority from both the economy and the global warming prospective. As a result, a new wave of environment-aware technology research has been spurred in the U.S targeting different areas of renewable energy and improved energy efficiency machinery. This paper falls into the second category, and it introduces a prototype design application to reduce emissions and to mitigate future global warming by giving appropriate consideration to travel time and expected vehicle performance in all type of plug in hybrid and electric vehicles. Previous studies revealed that aggressive driving is proportionally related to vehicle emissions. Providing vehicles with real time and predictive future traffic information can result in reducing energy consumption and thus GHG emissions. This paper proposes the use of the IntelliDrive and navigation system technologies to integrate energy, emission and travel time constrained algorithm to reduce emissions at traffic intersections (light and sign controlled). The proposed system will provide an advisory audible/visual output to the driver that recommends optimized route, drive and accessory load profiles for improving energy consumption, emission and travel time
Precise measurement of the change in the optical length of a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer

An accurate method for observing the change over a wide range in the optical path length of a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer is presented. The temporal movement of the interference fringes is converted to a circular motion on an oscilloscope display and is recorded with the use of a microcomputer. The variation of the optical length can be measured with an accuracy of ∼λ/400 wavelength.
Coding of image contrast in central visual pathways of the macaque monkey

Measurements of contrast sensitivity were obtained from isolated neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus, striate cortex, and middle temporal visual area of macaque monkeys. Between the lateral geniculate nucleus and the middle temporal area contrast sensitivity functions become progressively steeper. Furthermore, many neurons in the middle temporal area are more sensitive than any cell encountered in early stages. Measurements made with stimuli of different sizes show that this high sensitivity depends on areal summation across the receptive field.
Putative sequences on Ro60 three-dimensional structure accessible for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modification compared to in vitro HNE modification of Ro60 sequences.

We have previously reported accelerated acquisition of new autoreactivity upon immunization with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified Ro60, as well as differential induction of lupus or Sjogren's syndrome by immunization with Ro60 containing varying amounts of HNE. Since the number of HNE molecules on Ro60 appears to be important, we hypothesized that specific sequences on Ro60 are targets for HNE-modification. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) we have also shown intramolecular protein-protein interaction between Ro60 and Ro multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs). We also hypothesized that intramolecular protein-protein interaction would be abolished by HNE-modification. To test this hypotheses we investigated (a) the epitopes of Ro60, using 19 Ro MAPs in an in vitro assay (involving HNE-modification of MAPs following immobilization on ELISA plates) to identify targets of HNE modification on Ro60 and (b) the protein-protein interaction between unmodified Ro60 MAPs, immobilized on the sensor surface of BIAcore, and unmodified Ro60 or HNE-modified Ro60 using SPR. New data obtained with SPR strengthens our earlier observation that immunization with HNE-Ro60 induces a stronger response. Unmodified Ro60 bound to several Ro60 MAPs through protein-protein interaction analyzed using SPR. This interaction was totally abrogated using HNE-modified Ro60 suggesting that sequences on Ro had become modified with HNE. When 19 Ro60 MAPs were modified in vitro with HNE, it was found that 10/19 MAPs significantly bound HNE covalently (p<0.001 compared to MAPs binding HNE poorly). The amino acid sequences 126-137, 166-272 and 401-495 on Ro60 were strongly HNE modified. Using computational model system based on the recently published crystal structure for Ro60 enabled us to identify regions on the Ro60 molecule represented by the HNE-modified Ro MAPs, which are part of the exposed tertiary structure of the Ro60 protein.
Effects of a vitamin-A-free diet on tissue vitamin A concentration and dark adaptation of aging rats

Changes in serum, hepatic, and ocular vitamin A levels were followed in 9-month-old Long Evans rats fed either a vitamin-A-free or vitamin-A-sufficient diet for up to 18 months. After 18 months, hepatic total vitamin A fell exponentially from 2542 +/- 433 to 48 +/- 12 micrograms/g wet weight, but these stores maintained normal serum retinol and ocular total vitamin A concentrations in vitamin-A-deprived rats. However, retinal dark-adaptation time, a functional indicator of photoreceptor integrity, was prolonged in elderly vitamin-A-deprived rats as compared to vitamin-A-sufficient controls (p less than 0.05). Aging appeared to be the most important factor that depressed the rate of dark adaptation, with vitamin A status having a secondary effect. The proportion of total ocular retinaldehyde decreased (p less than 0.05) and the concentration of retinyl ester increased (p less than 0.05) in the eyes of 27-month-old vitamin-A-deprived rats compared to age-matched vitamin-A-sufficient animals. Possible mechanisms of visual dysfunction include abnormal retinal rhodopsin recycling caused by a dependence on newly absorbed dietary vitamin A (e.g., chylomicron). Alternatively, in the vitamin-A-deprived rat, decreased hepatic oxidation of pentobarbital (used for electroretinographic anesthesia) could prolong retinal anesthetic exposure and either directly depress neural transmission or indirectly alter transmission by affecting rhodopsin recycling.
Fate of cartilage cells in limb regeneration in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Nous avons suivi de pres, pendant la regeneration, le comportement du cartilage triploide greffe dans les membres diploides en nous servant du nombre nucleolaire comme marque cellulaire. La greffe de cartilage a fourni des cellules de cartilage au regenerat, mais elle n'a pas contribue a la decouverte de cellules d'autres especes.
Objections to External Testing—Fait or Fallacy?

_ External tests do serve an important purpose, says this writer, who counters the rea sons most often cited by critics of such tests.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter by Thyrotropin

The Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a key plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active I(-) transport in the thyroid gland (Dai, G., Levy, O., and Carrasco, N. (1996) Nature 379, 458-460), the first step in thyroid hormone biogenesis. Whereas relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which thyrotropin (TSH), the main hormonal regulator of thyroid function, regulates NIS activity, post-transcriptional events have been suggested to play a role (Kaminsky, S. M., Levy, O., Salvador, C., Dai, G., and Carrasco, N. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 3789-3793). Here we show that TSH induces de novo NIS biosynthesis and modulates the long NIS half-life ( approximately 5 days). In addition, we demonstrate that TSH is required for NIS targeting to or retention in the plasma membrane. We further show that NIS is a phosphoprotein and that TSH modulates its phosphorylation pattern. These results provide strong evidence of the major role played by post-transcriptional events in the regulation of NIS by TSH. Beyond their inherent interest, it is also of medical significance that these TSH-dependent regulatory mechanisms may be altered in the large proportion of thyroid cancers in which NIS is predominantly expressed in intracellular compartments, instead of being properly targeted to the plasma membrane.
Cameron and Storvick's function space integral for a Banach space of functionals generated by finite-dimensional functionals

The existence of Cameron and Storvick's operator-valued function space integral is established for a large class of finite-dimensional functionals and then for a certain Banach space of functionals generated by these finite-dimensional functionals. Explicit formulas are given.
Spinal Hemorrhage Leading to Cerebral Vasospasm and Infarction

Only one case of intracranial arterial vasospasm resulting cerebral infarction was previously described in the setting of spinal hemorrhage. The speculation of such symptomatic vasospasm being caused by an intracranial extension of the spinal hemorrhage has been unproven. Here we describe two patients with extensive spinal hemorrhage demonstrated on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During their subsequent course, both patients developed cranial signs that included encephalopathy, visual deficit and aphasia. In both cases, small amount of intracranial hemorrhage was detected on head imaging, representing an extension of the spinal hemorrhage. Multiple areas of acute ischemia were seen on brain MRI in both patients. On digital subtraction angiography, diffuse vasospasm of carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries was seen which became normalized prior to discharge. Our report suggests that in treating patients with spinal hemorrhage, physicians need to be aware of possible intracranial hemorrhagic extension and subsequent cerebral vasospasm leading to ischemia. As symptoms of intracranial origin are commonly seen in patients with spinal hemorrhage, the incidence of cerebral vasospasm in this setting could be underestimated. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jnr119w
Aluminum coordination and Lewis acidity in transition aluminas

Abstract Besides the resonance lines attributable to tetrahedrally (AlIV) and octahedrally (AlVI) coordinated aluminum, the MAS NMR 27Al spectra of transition aluminas obtained from finely divided precursors gibbsite and boehmite have a line which can be assigned to pentacoordinated AI (AlV). This line which is very intense in ex-boehmite aluminas, as compared to ex-gibbsite aluminas, is also observed in the nonframework alumina moieties in acid and dealuminated zeolites. The isotropic chemical shifts of the AlVI, AlV, and AlIV resonance lines are 11.4, 38.3 and 65.6 ppm, respectively, in a field of 11.77 T. Nutation (two-dimensional) spectra of 27Al in these aluminas show a broad distribution of quadrupole coupling constants (QCCs) between ∼2 and ∼5 MHz. A broad range of distortions of the Al coordination shells corresponds to this range of QCCs. To detect electron acceptor sites (or Lewis acid centers), an EPR molecular probe has been adsorbed and the EPR spectra have been recorded before and after introduction of molecular oxygen. With dimethylaniline (DMA) the formation of a radical cation is observed and its concentration is larger on aluminas with AlV than on aluminas without detectable AlV. Molecular O2 which is adsorbed on DMA-treated aluminas, acts as an electron scavenger picking up the electron transferred from DMA to the surface. Moreover, the gzz is in the range expected for O2−, indicating its interaction with an Al nucleus. The surface density in electron acceptor sites with electron affinity ∼−7.1 eV is, at the best, on the order of 0.4 × 1012 spins/cm2. These findings suggest either that strongly distorted shells of pentacoordinated Al are potential Lewis acid centers or that they generate such sites upon thermal activation. Other types of coordination, if sufficiently distorted, may play a similar role.
Expression of c-jun proto-oncogene in corneal endothelium.

Abstract The cellular proto-oncogenes are important for proliferation, differentiation and transformation. To study growth regulation of bovine corneal endothelium (BCE), the authors examined the effect of serum on the expression of the c-jun proto-oncogene in these cells. Increased expression of both c-jun protein and c-jun mRNA was found. This response was transient. While the mRNA reached maximum levels at 45 min, c-jun protein levels peaked around 2 hr and declined thereafter. The peptide growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), insulin and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), which are mitogenic in BCE, were found to effect c-jun protein expression differentially. Basic fibroblast growth factor and 20% fetal calf serum were very effective in inducing c-jun protein expression (in 81% ± 5·2, 73% ± 3·4 of cells, respectively), while insulin and TGFβ1 were less effective (47% ± 8·0, 32% ± 4·3, respectively). Since c-jun protein has been shown to be important for cell cycle progression in fibroblasts, our data indicate that it may play a similar role in corneal endothelial cells. Thus, c-jun can be used as an indicator of growth regulatory activity in corneal endothelial cells and further analysis of its regulation will contribute to our understanding of the underlying control mechanisms in these cells.
Reliability and Validity of Birth Certificate Prepregnancy Weight and Height Among Women Enrolled in Prenatal WIC Program: Florida, 2005

To investigate the reliability and validity of weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) from birth certificates with directly measured values from the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program. Florida birth certificate data were linked and compared with first trimester WIC data for women with a live birth during the last quarter of calendar year 2005 (n = 23,314 women). Mean differences for weight, height, and BMI were calculated by subtracting birth certificate values from WIC values. Reliability was estimated by Pearson’s correlation. Validity was measured by sensitivity and specificity using WIC data as the reference. Overall mean differences plus or minus standard error (SE) were 1.93 ± 0.04 kg for weight, −1.03 ± 0.03 cm for height, and 1.07 ± 0.02 kg/m2 for BMI. Pearson’s correlation ranged from 0.83 to 0.95, which indicates a strong positive association. Compared with other categories, women in the second weight group (56.7–65.8 kg), the highest height group (≥167.6 cm), or BMI < 18.5 had the greatest mean differences for weight (2.2 ± 0.08 kg), height (−2.4 ± 0.05 cm), and BMI (1.5 ± 0.06), respectively. Mean differences by maternal characteristics were similar, but statistically significant, likely in part from the large sample size. The sensitivity for birth certificate data was 77.3% (±1.42) for underweight (BMI < 18.5) and 76.4% (±0.51) for obesity (BMI ≥ 30). Specificity was 96.8% (±0.12) for underweight and 97.5% (±0.12) for obesity. Birth certificate data had higher underweight prevalence (6 vs. 4%) and lower obesity prevalence (24 vs. 29%), compared with WIC data. Although birth certificate data overestimated underweight and underestimated obesity prevalence, the difference was minimal and has limited impact on the reliability and validity for population-based surveillance and research purposes related to recall or reporting bias.
Asserting a distinctly Inuit concept of news: The early years of the Inuit broadcasting corporation's Qagik

The Inuit of Canadian's Eastern Arctic created the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) “to teach, to entertain and to inform with the images and the language of the North”; (Inuit Broadcasting Corporation, August, 1982, pp. vi, v). As part of its attempt to fulfill that task, IBC created Qagik, the first news and current events broadcast created by and for Inuit (the word by which people traditionally called Eskimos in the United States identify themselves). One of Qagik’s major tasks was to communicate information relevant to the North within the framework of the Inuit cultural system, as opposed to essentially becoming the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in drag. This article examines early Qagik productions to assess the extent to which IBC was able to develop a news program that reflected distinctly Inuit values in content and presentation. It concludes that a close examination of Qagik in those early years did reveal an assertion of Inuit ideas about news and the news media's role in society conso...
Encapsulation of isotope on novel beta-emitting poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces.

Recent data indicate that intravascular βa-irradiation from centrally located sources at the time of balloon angioplasty or stenting reduces proliferation of smooth muscle cells, neointima formation, and restenosis. In an effort to simplify radiation delivery, a novel β-radiation source was developed based on the adso rption of 32 P (phosphoric acid) by pH-sensitive chitosan hydrogel on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) balloon surface. To prevent the 2 P-isotope desorption in the patient's blood, the adsorbed phosphoric acid was precipitated as CaHPO 4 on the surface by a saturated Ca(OH) 2 /5% CaCl 2 solution. Various polyurethanes were applied to seal the radioactive surface by the dip-coating method. The isotope off-rate results were determined. Optimal results were obtained by serially coating with two polyurethane solutions. This approach holds promise for simplifying and improving the safety, and minimizing the cost of intravascular brachytherapy.
Robust, real-time, digital focusing for FD-OCM using ISAM on a GPU

Frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) achieves high image acquisition speeds by probing all depths of a sample simultaneously. However, the tightly focused beam required for frequency domain optical coherence microscopy (FD-OCM) produces images with poor lateral resolution at depths away from the beam waist. The new technique of interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) can digitally focus these poorly resolved FD-OCM images, resulting in uniform lateral resolution throughout the sample volume equivalent to that in the plane of focus of the incident beam. While ISAM is computationally intensive, we demonstrate that an ISAM implementation using Nvidia’s parallel Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) can achieve real-time focusing using a mid-range Nvidia GPU. The time required for digital focusing scales linearly with image size, at a rate of about 10 nanoseconds per voxel. This makes possible real-time FD-OCM. For example, a 3-D image (512 x 512 x 128 voxels) with crosssection 1.2 mm x 1.2 mm and 200 micron depth requires 17 seconds to acquire with a 100 kHz A-scan rate (and 6 repeated x-scans for motion sensitivity), but only 360 milliseconds to focus with ISAM. This example image is simulated with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.07, so that the 200 micron depth represents four Rayleigh ranges (± 2 Rayleigh ranges from the focal plane). In addition, our simulations indicate that ISAM performs well with very noisy input data. Even with noise levels as high as 50%, ISAM produces focused images with signal-to-noise ratios of over 100. ISAM-focusing is both fast and robust.
Relationships among peers in kibbutz toddler groups

Observations of toddlers in Israeli kibbutzim and interviews with their parents and caregivers, indicate that by the end of the first year the toddlers differentiate among the individual children in their residential groups. In addition, the first focused dyadic peer relationships emerge at about one year. Toddlers in focused peer relationships tend to be in the same bedroom in their group's children's house; to be responsive social partners in peer interactions; and to have parents who have formed relationships with the other child in the peer relationship or with that child's parents.
Parity conserving neutral currents and right-handed neutrinos

Abstract Interpreting the leptons as a fourth color degree of freedom, we study a unique theory of the weak and electromagnetic interactions involving two neutral massive intermediate bosons. The neutral current interaction conserves parity. Implications of a university of weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions are discussed.
Value of registries for EVAR.

There is no doubt we live in the era of evidence-based medicine. The call for evidence in any part of medical practice is nowadays stronger than ever. In contrast, however, to what happened with carotid endarterectomy, the rapid increase in the performance of which followed the publication of the randomised trials, the endovascular revolution in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has preceded the publication of the results of the EVAR and the DREAM
Hyphal wall peptides and colonial morphology in Neurospora crassa.

The peptides of the hyphal wall of 23 colonial strains of Neurospora crassa have been compared, both quantitatively and qualitatively, to those of three wild-type strains. We found that all colonial strains examined have a reduced quantity of peptide, ranging from 6.64% to 3.34% of the dry weight of the wall, compared to the wild-type average of 9.35%. The peptides from the walls of all colonial strains except doily eluted from DEAE-cellulose with the same pattern as those from wild-type walls. The aberrant peptides from doily walls did not bind to DEAE-cellulose, suggesting a reduction in the number of acidic residues in these peptides. Although a causal connection between colonial morphology and reduced peptide is not shown, we consider the quantity of peptide in the hyphal wall to be an important determinant in the control of normal morphology and growth.
Biased diffusion and universality in model queues.

We study the structure and robustness of universality classes for queueing, deriving analytic results for priority-based models with continuous-valued priorities. By mapping one model onto the problem of biased diffusion, we show that its distribution of waiting times, $P(\ensuremath{\tau})$, decreases for large times $\ensuremath{\tau}$ as $P(\ensuremath{\tau})\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}3/2}$ or as $P(\ensuremath{\tau})\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}5/2}\mathrm{exp}﻿(\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}/{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0})$ in different parameter regimes. In a second model, introducing a cost for switching between different classes of tasks substantially changes the asymptotic behavior of $P(\ensuremath{\tau})$.
Networks and the fiscal performance of rural hospitals in Oklahoma: are they associated?

: This paper uses regression analysis to explore the relation of network membership to the financial performance of rural hospitals in Oklahoma during fiscal year 1995. After adjusting for the scope of service, as measured by the number of facilities or services offered by the hospital, indicators of fiscal status are (1) the cash receipts derived from net patient revenue; (2) the cash disbursements related to operating costs, net of interest and depreciation expense, labor costs and nonlabor costs; and (3) net cash flow, defined as the difference between cash receipts and disbursements. Controlling for the effects of the hospital's structural attributes, operating characteristics and market conditions, the results indicate that members of a network reported lower net operating costs, labor costs and nonlabor expenses per service than nonmembers. Hence, the analysis seems to suggest that the membership of rural hospitals in a network is associated with lower cash disbursements and an improved net cash flow, outcomes that may preserve their fiscal viability and the access of the population at risk to service.
Reduction of Numbers of Salmonella typhimurium on Poultry Parts by Repeated Freeze‐Thaw Treatments

Cells of Salmonella typhimurium suspended in 50 ml of 0.1% buffered peptone were subjected to five cycles of rapid or slow freezing and rapid or slow thawing. A five cycle rapid freeze-rapid thaw process was found to be an effective treatment resulting in 99% reduction in the numbers of S. typhimurium cells. Of the surviving cells after treatment, 75% was sublethally injured. The five cycle rapid freeze-rapid thaw process was investigated for its effectiveness in reducing numbers of S. typhimurium cells on experimentally inoculated chicken wings. The part of chicken wings consisting of ulna and radius with attached skin and muscle was inoculated with low (16–20 CFU/g) or high (ca 1,100 CFU/g) numbers of S. typhimurium and each wing was subjected to five cycles of the rapid freeze-rapid thaw process. There was over 90% reduction in the numbers of S. typhimurium cells on the chicken wings after the freeze-thaw treatment.
Soliton squeezing and the continuum

We review soliton perturbation theory with renormalized soliton operators. We analytically evaluate the effects of the continuum on squeezing. Our results show that the contribution that is due to the continuum exhibits an oscillatory behavior and can be beneficial to squeezing.
Progressive image transmission using a self-supervised back-propagation neural network

new technique for progressive image transmission (PIT) is presented that uses a self-supervised back-propagation neural network discrete cosine transform. The transmission sequence is determined using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) feature importance function. Simulation results show that the PlTsystem can be successfully implemented using BPNN. Veiy good intermediate images are obtained at reasonable bit rates.
Sensing of Interleukin-1 Cytokines during Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Contributes to Macrophage Recruitment and Bacterial Clearance

Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a leading cause of bacterial disease, is most commonly carried in the human nasopharynx. Colonization induces inflammation that promotes the organism's growth and transmission. This inflammatory response is dependent on intracellular sensing of bacterial components that access the cytosolic compartment via the pneumococcal pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. In vitro, cytosolic access results in cell death that includes release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1 family cytokines, including IL-1β, are secreted upon activation of inflammasomes, although the role of this activation in the host immune response to pneumococcal carriage is unknown. Using a murine model of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization, we show that mice deficient in the interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (Il1r1−/−) have reduced numbers of neutrophils early after infection, fewer macrophages later in carriage, and prolonged bacterial colonization. Moreover, intranasal administration of Il-1β promoted clearance. Macrophages are the effectors of clearance, and characterization of macrophage chemokines in colonized mice revealed that Il1r1−/− mice have lower expression of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CCL6), correlating with reduced macrophage recruitment to the nasopharynx. IL-1 family cytokines are known to promote adaptive immunity; however, we observed no difference in the development of humoral or cellular immunity to pneumococcal colonization between wild-type and Il1r1−/− mice. Our findings show that sensing of IL-1 cytokines during colonization promotes inflammation without immunity, which may ultimately benefit the pneumococcus.