cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Appendix: Global pedagogy in a digital age

In this appendix we describe two successive efforts in the use of digital media to develop courses that brought together distinguished sociologists from around the world. In the first course, we put together a vision of global sociology that revolved around issues of marketization while in the second we were more attentive to the public engagement of sociologists, facing very different political contexts and social issues. In the first course we faced the problem of building a global sociology that was attentive to local contexts while the second was beset by the contradictory demands of local pedagogy and global dialogue. If nothing else our use of digital media clarified some of the problems of building a global sociology.
30 MHz radar observations of artificial E region field-aligned plasma irregularities

Artificial E region field aligned irregularities (FAIs) have been observed during heating experiments at the HAARP facility using a new 30 MHz coherent scatter radar imager deployed near Homer, Alaska. Irregularities were observed during brief experiments on three quiet days in July and August, 2007, when the daytime E region critical frequency was close to 3 MHz. Irregularities were consistently generated and detected during experiments with O-mode HF pumping on zenith with a 1-min on, 1-min off CW modulation. The scattering cross sections, rise, and fall times of the echoes were observed as well as their spectral properties. Results were found to be mainly in agreement with observations from other mid- and high-latitude sites with some discrepancies. Radar images of the irregularity-filled volume on one case exhibited clear variations in backscatter power and Doppler shift across the volume. The images furthermore show the emergence of a small irregularity-filled region to the south southwest of the main region in the approximate direction of magnetic zenith.
Exploring Spatiotemporal Organization of SCN Circuits

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neuroanatomy has been a subject of intense interest since the discovery of the SCN's function as a brain clock and subsequent studies revealing substantial heterogeneity of its component neurons. Understanding the network organization of the SCN has become increasingly relevant in the context of studies showing that its functional circuitry, evident in the spatial and temporal expression of clock genes, can be reorganized by inputs from the internal and external environment. Although multiple mechanisms have been proposed for coupling among SCN neurons, relatively little is known of the precise pattern of SCN circuitry. To explore SCN networks, we examine responses of the SCN to various photic conditions, using in vivo and in vitro studies with associated mathematical modeling to study spatiotemporal changes in SCN activity. We find an orderly and reproducible spatiotemporal pattern of oscillatory gene expression in the SCN, which requires the presence of the ventrolateral core region. Without the SCN core region, behavioral rhythmicity is abolished in vivo, whereas low-amplitude rhythmicity can be detected in SCN slices in vitro, but with loss of normal topographic organization. These studies reveal SCN circuit properties required to signal daily time.
A 0.2 /spl mu/m 1.8 V SOI 550 MHz 64 b PowerPC microprocesser with copper interconnects

A 64 b PowerPC RISC microprocessor is incorporated in a 0.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with copper interconnects and multi-threshold transistors and next into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) version of the same technology. Some architectural changes improve CPI, including doubling the L1 instruction and data caches to 128 kB and adding a 256 kB L2 directory. The total transistor count increased from 12 M to 34 M.
Model interaction potentials for atom‐diatom scattering

A new model for the interaction potential in collinear atom-diatom systems is proposed. Attractive features of the model are ease of understanding the parameters, separability in the coordinates, and considerable flexibility. Examples of the model are shown for two very different systems, He + H2+ and I + H2. A special case, the Force Coordinate Model, is described and studied.
Performance model of an optical switch using fiber delay lines for resolving contentions

The performance of an optical switch that handles contention resolution using a fiber delay line (FDL) is modeled and evaluated. We propose using a simple optical buffer that contains only a single FDL for contention resolution. The analytical model derived for the performance of an optical switch based on this buffer is verified using simulations. The analytical model can be utilized with both packet and burst switching schemes to characterize the performance of switches augmented with this FDL architecture.
Performance-approach goals: good or bad forms of regulation?

Abstract At present, there is disagreement among achievement goal theorists regarding the beneficial or inimical nature of performance-approach goals. This article evaluates performance-approach goals using three criteria: empirical, theoretical, and meta-theoretical (values/beliefs). On the basis of these criteria, we conclude that performance-approach goals may be construed in both positive and negative terms, and that one's opinion of these goals is likely to be based in which evaluative criteria one highlights. At the end of the article, we offer our own opinion of how educators should view performance-approach goals.
Measuring Preferences for Natural Landscapes

In land-use planning decisions must often be made about the preservation or development of natural landscapes. The research described in this paper sought a way to measure these preferences. Subsets of 95 photographic color slides portraying varying degrees of naturalness were shown to 14 assorted groups of people (371 persons in all). Preferences were quantified using a semantic differential scale made up of 20 bi-polar adjective pairs. The results were factor analyzed for each group and three factors identified: Scenic Beauty, Natural Force, and Starkness. Factor scores were computed for each scene and group and for selected indiviuduals. Some conclusions were: (1)The procedure yields a usable measure of preference which varies with the subject's familiarity with the scene, his or her occupation, and life style; (2)scenes that include moving water are preferred over those with still water or no water; (3)naturally barren areas are seldom perceived as beautiful by most people; (4)people tend to agree on what is very beautiful or very ugly but disagree on the in-between.
Implementing the Marketing Concept: A Case of Change Management

By combining a strong cultural emphasis and an external orientation dictated by implementating the marketing concept, a firm can improve its chances of being successful over the long run despite changing environmental and competitive situations. This paper focuses on providing an overview of the change process as it relates to strengthening a firm’s culture and implementing the marketing concept.
Colon and Appendix

Almost 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States, making them the fourth largest group of new cancer patients. Consequently, colorectal cancer claims 50,000 lives annually. Ninety to ninety-five percent of colon tumors are adenocarcinomas; less frequent types include carcinoids, stromal tumors (formerly leiomyosarcomas), lymphomas, and undetermined lesions. Surgery remains the cornerstone of curative therapy, with the greatest technical advances made in recent years using minimally invasive methods, including laparoscopy and robotics. Indeed, multiple randomized trials have demonstrated equal outcomes for the traditional open approach and the laparoscopic approach to colon cancer surgery.
Simple Method for Haptoglobin Subtyping

Hardly any forensic use is being made of the informative Hp subtype polymorphism because of the need for Hp purification which so far has been considered time-consuming. The introduction to forensic serology of highly sensitive iso-electric focusing encouraged some rethinking of the problem of Hp preparation. Proceeding from existing experience, we have succeeded in developing a practicable method which meets the demands on paternity assessment.
Timing of expression of the core clock gene Bmal1 influences its effects on aging and survival

The absence of Bmal1, a core clock gene, results in a loss of circadian rhythms, an acceleration of aging, and a shortened life span in mice. To address the importance of circadian rhythms in the aging process, we generated conditional Bmal1 knockout mice that lacked the BMAL1 protein during adult life and found that wild-type circadian variations in wheel-running activity, heart rate, and blood pressure were abolished. Ocular abnormalities and brain astrogliosis were conserved irrespective of the timing of Bmal1 deletion. However, life span, fertility, body weight, blood glucose levels, and age-dependent arthropathy, which are altered in standard Bmal1 knockout mice, remained unaltered, whereas atherosclerosis and hair growth improved, in the conditional adult-life Bmal1 knockout mice, despite abolition of clock function. Hepatic RNA-Seq revealed that expression of oscillatory genes was dampened in the adult-life Bmal1 knockout mice, whereas overall gene expression was largely unchanged. Thus, many phenotypes in conventional Bmal1 knockout mice, hitherto attributed to disruption of circadian rhythms, reflect the loss of properties of BMAL1 that are independent of its role in the clock. These findings prompt reevaluation of the systemic consequences of disruption of the molecular clock.
Non-linear Sectional Analysis of Composite Beams with Finite Deformation and Hyperelastic Materials

This paper develops a theory to model composites beams made of hyperelastic materials and subject to finite deformation. Considering the cross-sectional dimension much smaller than the wavelength of the global beam deformation, the three-dimensional hyperelasticity is rigorously reduced to a one-dimensional nonlinear beam analysis and a two-dimensional cross-sectional analysis featuring both geometric and material nonlinearities. This new theory is able to model various nonlinear behavior of composite beams including the trapeze effects of helicopter rotor blades. Exact solution for the strain energy up to the third order is given analytically for the first time for isotropic beams, demonstrating an improved result without ad hoc assumptions. The theory is implemented using the finite element method in VABS, a general-purpose cross-sectional analysis tool, to deal with composite beams and examples are used to validate the theory and the companion code.
Lymphomas of follicles. Mantle cell and follicle center cell lymphomas.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) arising in follicles was first described in the mid-1920s by Brill and colleagues 1 and Symmers, 2 and was initially thought to represent a form of follicle hyperplasia. By 1940, however, most investigators considered the disorder to be a variant of malignant lymphoma. At that time, Gall and associates 3 pointed out the prognostic importance of the follicular pattern in NHL and emphasized the efficacy of radiation therapy for the disorder
Evaluation of Cross-Protection by Immunization with an Experimental Trivalent Companion Animal Periodontitis Vaccine in the Mouse Periodontitis Model

Companion animal periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases seen by veterinarians. The goal of this study was to evaluate the vaccine performance of a trivalent canine periodontitis vaccine in the mouse oral challenge model of periodontitis. Mice vaccinated subcutaneously with an inactivated, whole-cell vaccine preparation of Porphyromonas denticanis, Porphyromonas gulae, and Porphyromonas salivosa displayed significantly reduced alveolar bone loss in response to heterologous and cross-species challenges as compared to sham vaccinated animals. Based on the results of these studies, a periodontitis vaccine may be a useful tool in preventing the initiation and progression of periodontitis caused by the most commonly isolated pigmenting anaerobic bacteria in animals.
The Farm Lease

Many farm landlords and tenants know little about the contract and property law which sets their rights and describes their duties.1 Some of these rules are discussed in this chapter in the hope of encouraging better leasing practices and preventing misunderstanding. In the Appendix you will find a check list for farm leases and some farm lease clauses to supplement what is said here.
Occupational Health Knowledge and Demand Analysis of Workers in An Enterprise

[Objective]To investigate the occupational knowledge levels,awareness and behavior habits of workers in an enterprise.[Methods]A unified questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the demand of occupational health knowledge and general health knowledge among workers in an engine manufacturer.[Results]The results showed 14.2% didn't know "Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases";36.5% knew the law but not familiar with it;47.2% knew it but not in detail;2.1% understand the law;furthermore,93.8% knew smoking was bad for health;.48.6% knew the definition of hypertension exactly;96.4% knew some knowledge about AIDS,but 12.1% still thought that AIDS was air-borne infectious disease.[Conclusion]The level of workers'occupational health knowledge is low.It is necessary to carry out health education about occupational health.
Application of the Diver Detection Method to Multiphoton Microscopy and Flim

In two-photon microscopy of turbid media, such as biological tissues, achievable imaging depth depends on ability of detection system to detect weak emission signals induced in deep tissue layers. In the conventional epi-detection method photons are collected from a relatively narrow sample area and acceptance angle, so most of emitted photons remain undetected. The DIVER (Deep Imaging Via Emission Recovery) method utilizes wide photocathode area detector and matching refractive index in the optical path from the sample surface to photocathode; that allows efficient collection of photons from wide area of a turbid sample at almost any angle. Using this method, the imaging depth was increased by factor of 4-6 compared to conventional epi-detection. In addition, the DIVER method offers superior sensitivity in SHG imaging and allows detection of short wavelength emission, up to 320nm. This, in turn, allows THG and three-photon imaging using conventional Ti:Sa laser excitation wavelengths. Coupling with the FLIMBox enables Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) in depth and acquiring 3D-FLIM images of tissue samples. Using combination of SHG and FLIM techniques we were able to separate various types of collagens (I to V) in tissue samples. These techniques also allowed us to detect kidney fibrosis at early stages in UUO mouse model. THG imaging is particularly useful for lipid droplets imaging and was used in imaging of adipose tissues and mouse livers in diabetes studies. The special UV-detection capability of the DIVER was also applied to study three-photon excitation FCS of unlabeled protein oligomers.
United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scores Directly Correlate with American Board of Neurological Surgery Scores: A Single-Institution Experience.

Background Neurosurgery residency is becoming an increasingly competitive match. The process of screening and ranking applicants is a multifactorial process that lacks uniformity across residency programs. A significant factor is the applicant's performance on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. USMLE Step 1 scores are often used to project future success in residency and performance on specialty boards like the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) examination. The authors of this study investigate the strength of correlations between USMLE Step 1 and ABNS scores. Methods Data were extracted from records of graduating residents from the neurosurgery residency program at the University of California, Los Angeles, between 2003 and 2010. Twenty-one residents were selected. USMLE Step 1 scores were deidentified and paired with ABNS scores. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results Higher USMLE Step 1 scores significantly correlated with higher ABNS scores (P = 0.01; Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.7). Conclusions USMLE Step 1 and ABNS scores are directly correlated. USMLE Step 1 scores will continue to be a valuable measure of projected success on ABNS written examinations, but more sophisticated measures are needed.
Virtual Surgical Planning for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Reconstruction

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes after preoperative virtual surgical planning (VSP) for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) reconstruction in ablative mandibular surgery. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective evaluation of consecutive surgical cases using standard VSP for hard tissue resection and reconstructive surgery in addition to IAN VSP performed simultaneously during surgery. Cases were assessed regarding the planning time, additional costs involved, surgeon's subjective impression of the process, accuracy of the prediction during surgery, and operative time during surgery compared with cases performed without VSP. Results The study sample was composed of 5 cases of mandibular resection for benign disease, with bony, soft tissue, and neural reconstruction with the use of VSP. The addition of IAN reconstruction to the VSP session added no additional expense to the planning session but resulted in an additional 22.5 minutes (±7.5 minutes) for the webinar session. From a subjective standpoint, IAN VSP provided the surgeon with a discreet plan for surgery. From an objective standpoint, IAN VSP provided the exact length and diameter of nerve graft required for surgery, facilitated the surgeon's ability to visualize the actual nerve graft procedure, and limited the additional time required for simultaneous nerve reconstruction. Conclusions Despite perceived prejudice against simultaneous IAN reconstruction with complex mandibular resection and reconstruction, the use of IAN VSP may facilitate the actual surgical procedure and result in considerably improved patient outcomes without considerable additional time or cost associated with this protocol.
Inactivation of West Nile Virus in Serum with Heat, Ionic Detergent, and Reducing Agent for Proteomic Applications

Research involving biosafety level 3 pathogens such as West Nile virus (WNV) is often limited by the limited space and technical constraints of these environments. To conduct complex analytical studies outside of high containment, robust and reliable inactivation methods are needed that maintain compatibility with downstream assays. Here we report the inactivation of WNV in spiked serum samples using a commercially available SDS-PAGE sample buffer for proteomic studies. Using this method, we demonstrate its utility by identification proteins differentially expressed in the serum of mice experimentally infected with WNV.
The Network Structure of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disasters.

Objective To evaluate current theoretical assumptions about the nature of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by examining the network structure of PTSD in a sample of youth exposed to disasters and testing for age differences. Network analysis provides the opportunity to identify “central” symptoms that might hold an outsized influence over others and are important targets for research and treatment. The authors hypothesized that particular symptoms would exhibit greater influence over others. They further hypothesized marked differences in symptom networks across children and adolescents. Method Participants were 786 youth 8 to 13 years old (children) and 14 to 18 years old (adolescents) exposed to Hurricanes Katrina and Gustav who were assessed for PTSD symptoms using the University of California–Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index for Children. Network models were computed and constructed using the R-package qgraph, which estimates associations between symptoms and forms graphic network models. Results Consistent with the hypotheses, the symptom network demonstrated meaningful variability across age, particularly in the strength of associations, and the relative importance of individual symptoms to the network as a whole. Results further demonstrated that symptoms cluster together in a manner that adds a unique perspective to current model conceptualizations. Conclusion Network analysis is a potentially important additional conceptualization of psychopathology with related data analytic techniques. Results suggest that PTSD can be characterized as a web of interactions between symptoms. This work illuminates differences in the PTSD symptom network across development, such as the link between numbness of negative affect and amnesia in children, but not in teens, and how the critical symptoms within that network differ across childhood and adolescence. Network analysis could allow the re-envisioning of the nature of this complex disorder with new avenues for research and clinical practice.
Treatment of Parkinson’s disease psychosis

Early in the course of Parkinson disease (PD), treatment usually goes well. However, after five to ten years, things start to change as treatment requires higher doses of medications and side effects become more problematic. One of the most difficult problems is the development of hallucinations or delusions. Throughout the 20th century, treatment options were unproven and unsatisfactory, but the past 20 years have brought important changes. Two medications that are well tolerated in PD have now proved efficacious in randomized, controlled trials, and others are in development. Here I summarize this history briefly and provide a general plan for treating the patient with PD complicated by psychotic symptoms.
Therapeutic Applications of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Neurologic Injury and Disease

Stem cells exhibit the unique properties of continual self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types with the appropriate inductive cues. In the past hematopoietic stem cells were identified in bone marrow that have the capability to differentiate into cells that are part of the blood system. The cells therefore are restricted to the types of cells they can become. Recently, other types of stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells have been isolated from bone marrow that have the ability to differentiate into a broader range of cell types. The potential of these bone marrow-derived stem cells to be used in treating neurological disorders is the focus of this chapter.
Moving beyond Dropout towards School Completion: An Integrative Review of Data-Based Interventions

This article provides an integrative review of prevention and intervention studies addressing dropout or school completion described in professional journals. Forty-five intervention studies were c...
Diagrams in coupled-cluster theory: Algebraic derivation of a new diagrammatic method for closed shells

Abstract Goldstone diagrams, interpreted in terms of orbital (rather than spin-orbital) integrals and amplitudes, provide an efficient representation of many-body theories for closed-shell reference functions. Such diagrams are well-known in the context of many-body perturbation theory, but their usefulness extends to theories such as coupled cluster as well. However, the Goldstone diagrams are more numerous than their Brandow or Hugenholtz counterparts due to a lack of antisymmetry in the orbital quantities, and the resultant equations can always be factorized into a more efficient form. Here we present a new diagrammatic interpretation for closed-shell orbital theories that starts directly from the original Brandow diagrams. The resulting equations are in terms of orbital quantities, but are based on “spin-summed” amplitudes and integrals, allowing them to be cast into an efficient and factorized form from the start. The derivation of the new diagrammatic formulation proceeds directly from the usual spin-orbital diagrammatic rules. A discussion of the differences between the spin-orbital and traditional Goldstone forms is given, along with several illustrative examples of the new diagrammatics.
Batting an in-flight object to the target:

Striking a flying object such as a ball to some target location is a highly skillful maneuver that a human being has to learn through a great deal of practice. In robotic manipulation, precision ba...
Survey of Sun Protection Policies in Juvenile Detention Centers in Pennsylvania: Are we also Protecting Vulnerable Communities?

The incidence rate of skin cancer is increasing in the United States and blistering sunburns during childhood or adolescence is a major risk factor. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a set of guidelines to provide schools with a comprehensive approach to preventing skin cancer among adolescents and young people. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of sun protection policies, environmental features, and attitudes in institutions responsible for school-aged populations, such as children in juvenile detention centers. Surveys were sent to all (n = 19) public juvenile detention centers in Pennsylvania .Overall, 63.2% (n=12) of the juvenile detention centers in Pennsylvania responded to the survey. Of the 12 centers, 50% (n=6) allow residents to wear hats, 25% (n=3) allow residents to wear sunglasses, 66.7% (n=8) allow residents to wear sunscreen without a provider’s note, and 25% (n=3) provide sun protection education. All the facilities (100%) reported shade-producing structures, but 83.3% (n=10) cover less than 25% of the outdoor activity areas. The CDC’s guidelines include recommendations for schools to encourage skin cancer prevention on school property and elsewhere. Among public juvenile detention centers in PA, we found an absence of policies to reduce sun exposure and a lack of knowledge about the CDC guidelines to prevent skin cancer. Despite these results, administrators are largely in favor of stronger policies and believe sun exposure is an important health issue.
Multiscale modeling of mechanotransduction in the utricle.

We review recent progress in using numerical models to relate utricular hair bundle and otoconial membrane (OM) structure to the functional requirements imposed by natural behavior in turtles. The ...
A shared realities workflow for interactive design using virtual reality and three-dimensional depth sensing

This article presents the ongoing development and testing of a “shared realities” computational workflow to support iterative user-centered design with an interactive system. The broader aim is to ...
Risk Assessment in High Voltage Design Concerning Gaseous Breakdown

Numerical methods are frequently employed for high voltage designs. The results usually determine the size of parts with safety factors. In some cases validation tests could be expensive due to time and man power needed for manufacturing a part and test set-ups. A decrease in the number of sample variations would be appreciated for quick success in the engineering design. In this contribution we will present a numerical model for determining how high voltage parts can be designed for best performance in air (or gaseous medium) for reliable performance. The numerical method is based on the finite elements method and utilizes a straight forward electric field solver using a concept called ‘stressed-volume’. The results from the simulations are compared to data from the literature on SF 6 breakdown. The results indicate that numerical simulations should be adopted at an early step to modify high voltage designs using the stressed-volume method.
The influence of multiyear drought and associated reduction in tributary connectivity on an adfluvial fish species

Multiyear drought is projected to increase in frequency and duration in arid and semiarid regions across the world, threatening native species and ecosystem function. The effects of multiyear drought are often exacerbated by human water use, which manifest in reduced lake elevation, reduced stream discharge, and disruption in hydrologic connectivity for aquatic species. Here, we demonstrate that drought‐driven decreasing lake levels reduce the connectivity between tributaries and lakes by creating an elevation‐explicit tributary distance map. We combined long‐term fish catch data and a lake elevation time‐series with our elevation‐explicit tributary distance map to test whether population demographics are related to drought‐driven changes in tributary connectivity. We surveyed the littoral zone of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, USA, from full pool to a depth of >12 m, totalling 94.86 km² surveyed. As lake elevation decreased from full pool to the lowest historical elevation, tributary channel distance increased by 3.5 km. Bear Lake Bonneville Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) catch per unit effort was strongly negatively correlated with tributary channel distance, though individual growth rates were not influenced by drought metrics. We predicted the response of age 0 to age 10 cutthroat under high and low cobble availability, estimating up to a 61% decline in cutthroat CPUE when tributary channel distance is at its maximum historical value. Our study provided a unique opportunity to identify quantitative linkages between climate‐driven changes in habitat connectivity and an ecologically important endemic sportfish, expanding our understanding of potential pathways through which climate change may affect lentic ecosystems and fishes.
Ultrasonographic modeling of diaphragm function: A novel approach to respiratory assessment.

Objectives Bedside ultrasound techniques have the unique ability to produce instantaneous, dynamic images, and have demonstrated widespread utility in both emergency and critical care settings. The aim of this article is to introduce a novel application of this imaging modality by utilizing an ultrasound based mathematical model to assess respiratory function. With validation, the proposed models have the potential to predict pulmonary function in patients who cannot adequately participate in standard spirometric techniques (inability to form tight seal with mouthpiece, etc.). Methods Ultrasound was used to measure diaphragm thickness (Tdi) in a small population of healthy, adult males at various points of the respiratory cycle. Each measurement corresponded to a generated negative inspiratory force (NIF), determined by a handheld meter. The data was analyzed using mixed models to produce two representative mathematical models. Results Two mathematical models represented the relationship between Tdi and NIFmax, or maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), both of which were statistically significant with p-values <0.005: 1. log(NIF) = -1.32+4.02×log(Tdi); and 2. NIF = -8.19+(2.55 × Tdi)+(1.79×(Tdi2)). Conclusions With validation, these models intend to provide a method of estimating MIP, by way of diaphragm ultrasound measurements, thereby allowing evaluation of respiratory function in patients who may be unable to reliably participate in standard spirometric tests.
Facts About Zinc

Zinc deficiency can affect the immune system, cognitive function, and growth in children. Severe zinc deficiency can cause diarrhea, hair loss, poor appetite, skin disorders, impotence, and changes in taste. People who drink alcohol in excess are at high risk for zinc deficiency (and other health problems). This 2-page fact sheet was written by Linda B. Bobroff and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, July 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy218
The Unbearable Postcoloniality of Non-Being: Specters of History and the Scars They Trace

This paper is as much an engagement with postcolonial criticism and theory as it is an exploration into both an aesthetics and a hermeneutics of the postcolonial condition. The two texts, Zakes Mda’s The Heart of Redness and Toni Morrison’s Beloved, could not be seemingly more disparate. However, despite such vast differences in locationality, one might upon closer examination discern similar aesthetic devices in the narrativization of historical events. The preponderance of motifs such as scars and hauntings; both in many ways signifiers of embodied traumatic pasts, lead one to entertain possibilities for comparison. Such comparisons are often made easier when one considers colonization as a shared event in the histories of the two contexts; ethnic conflict in colonial South Africa and slavery in America. While one is not completely foreclosing the possibilities of a fruitful dialogue across the two contexts, there are a variety of ethical underpinnings to such a potential intercultural exchanges – an ethics of comparison that accounts for not just the perceived structural or aesthetic similarities, but equally honors the experiential differences across and within two or more positions of marginality. It is precisely such an aesthetics and ethics that this study attempts to demonstrate in addressing questions of comparability and the intersecting theoretical and hermeneutic lenses available to comparatists, especially in the study of literatures located otherwise than dominant Euro-American positionalities.
Predicting species distributions and community composition using remote sensing products

Accurate predictions of species composition and diversity are critical to the development of conservation actions and management strategies. In this paper using oak assemblages distributed across the conterminous United States as study model, we assessed the performance of stacked species distribution models (S-SDMs) and remote sensing products in building the next-generation of biodiversity models. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the integrated predictions of biodiversity models, including assemblage diversity and composition, obtained by stacking next-generation SDMs. We found three main results. First, environmental predictors derived entirely from remote sensing products represent adequate covariates for biodiversity modeling. Second, applying constraints to assemblage predictions, such as imposing the probability ranking rule, results in more accurate species diversity predictions. Third, independent of the stacking procedure (bS-SDM versus cS-SDM), biodiversity models do not recover the observed species composition with high spatial resolution, i.e., correct species identities at the scale of individual plots. However, they do return reasonable predictions at macroecological scales (1 km). Our results provide insights for the prediction of assemblage diversity and composition at different spatial scales. An important task for future studies is to evaluate the reliability of combining S-SDMs with direct detection of species using image spectroscopy to build a new generation of biodiversity models to accurately predict and monitor ecological assemblages through time and space.
Utilization of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system in evaluating outcomes and costs following deformity spine procedures.

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) has increased prevalence in aging populations. Due to the high cost of surgery, studies have evaluated risk factors that predict readmissions and poor outcomes. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system has been applied to patients with ASD to assess preoperative health and assess the correlation between ASA class and postoperative complications. This study evaluates the relationship between ASA and complications, length of stay (LOS), and direct costs following spine deformity surgery. Patients undergoing spine deformity surgery at a single institution from 2008–2016 were included and stratified based upon ASA status. Primary outcomes included patient demographics, adjusted LOS, and cost of care. Secondary measures compared between cohorts included adverse events, non-home discharge, and readmission rates. 442 patients with ASD were included in this study. Higher ASA class was correlated with greater Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) scores (p < 0.0001) and older age (p < 0.0001). Univariate analysis showed longer LOS (p < 0.0001) and greater direct costs in patients with higher ASA class (p < 0.0001). Patients in ASA Class III or IV had the greatest incidence of ICU stay when compared to patients without systemic disease (p < 0.0001). Upon multivariable regression analysis, high ASA class was associated with higher rates of non-home discharge (OR 5.0, 95% CI 3.1–8.1). Direct costs were greater for higher ASA class (regression estimate = + $9,666, p = 0.002). This study demonstrates that ASA class is correlated with a more complicated postoperative hospital course, greater rates of non-home discharge, total direct costs in spine deformity patients.
The Contribution of Kidney Disease to Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

This review focuses on the relationships between diabetes, cognitive impairment, and the contribution of kidney disease. We review the independent contributions of parameters of kidney disease, including albuminuria, glomerular filtration, bone/mineral metabolism, and vitamin D synthesis, on cognitive performance in patients with diabetes. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these associations are discussed highlighting gaps in existing knowledge. Finally, effects of the dialysis procedure on the brain and cognitive performance are considered. Emphasis is placed on novel non-invasive screening tools with the potential to preserve cerebral perfusion during hemodialysis and limit cognitive decline in patients with diabetic ESKD. Patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease suffer a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. This is particularly true in patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
The many faces of ectopic pregnancies: demystifying the common and less common entities

Ectopic pregnancy is a major cause of 1st trimester pregnancy deaths. It occurs in various locations in the abdominopelvic cavity. Ultrasonography is a first-line, rapid, and noninvasive modality for ectopic pregnancy evaluation. MRI can help clarify equivocal cases. When in doubt about the location, one should give an intrauterine pregnancy the benefit of the doubt with close ultrasound and hCG follow-up. Here, we will review the imaging findings and mimickers of ectopic pregnancies.
Children's use of everyday artifacts: Learning the hidden affordance of zipping.

The everyday world is populated with artifacts that require specific motor actions to use objects as their designers intended. But researchers know little about how children learn to use everyday artifacts. We encouraged forty-four 12- to 60-month-old children to unzip a vinyl pouch during a single 60-s trial. Although unzipping a pouch may seem simple, it is not. Unzipping requires precise role-differentiated bimanual actions-one hand must stabilize the pouch while the other hand applies a pulling force on the tab. Moreover, kinematic data from six adults showed that the tolerance limits for applying the forces are relatively narrow (pulling the tab within 63° of the zipper teeth while stabilizing the pouch within 4 cm of the slider). Children showed an age-related progression for the unzipping action. The youngest children did not display the designed pulling action; children at intermediate ages pulled the tab but applied forces outside the tolerance limits (pulled in the wrong direction, failed to stabilize the pouch in the correct location), and the oldest children successfully implemented the designed action. Findings highlight the perceptual-motor requirements in children's discovery and implementation of the hidden affordances of everyday artifacts.
Farming Electrons: Galvanic Versus Microbial Energy in Soil Batteries

Recent work shows the exciting potential for soil microbes as a renewable energy harvesting source. However, the choice of materials in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) significantly impacts where the energy comes from. MFCs with metallic anodes draw energy from both renewable bacterial activity and nonrenewable galvanic corrosion of cell components. Previous studies do not analyze these two power sources separately. This letter clarifies the behavior of metallic MFCs by characterizing galvanic activity separately from biological activity. We find that the majority of energy attained from prior designs is most likely galvanic, not bacterial, and as a consequence is nonrenewable.
Using Natural Language Processing to Classify Serious Illness Communication with Oncology Patients

Abstract One core measure of healthcare quality set forth by the Institute of Medicine is whether care decisions match patient goals. High-quality “serious illness communication” about patient goals and prognosis is required to support patient-centered decision-making, however current methods are not sensitive enough to measure the quality of this communication or determine whether care delivered matches patient priorities. Natural language processing (NLP) offers an efficient method for identification and evaluation of documented serious illness communication, which could serve as the basis for future quality metrics in oncology and other forms of serious illness. In this study, we trained NLP algorithms to identify and characterize serious illness communication with oncology patients.
Der Geschmack der biologischen Vielfalt

Eines Tages werden wir in unseren Hausern und auf unserem Korper vielleicht genau die Mikrobengarten kultivieren, die wir brauchen. Wir werden hoffentlich lernen, mit den fur uns wichtigen Arten so umzugehen, dass sie uns Tag fur Tag nutzen und unser Leben schoner, erhabener und gesunder machen. Dazu werden wir allerdings ausergewohnliches Geschick und das notige Wissen uber die Biologie der meisten (wenn nicht aller) Arten auf unserem Korper und in unseren Hausern benotigen.
Polysplenia syndrome and sickle cell trait: extensive deep venous thrombosis from venous stasis and hypercoagulability.

Abstract Deep venous thrombosis is a hitherto under-recognized complication occurring in patients with polysplenia syndrome, despite the high prevalence of venous anomalies such as interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos/hemiazygos continuation. Here we report the first case of concurrent polysplenia (as evidenced by interrupted IVC with azygos/hemiazygos continuation, multiple left-sided spleens, bowel malrotation with inverted mesenteric veins, preduodenal portal vein, and pancreatic hypoplasia/partial agenesis of the dorsal pancreas) and sickle cell trait, complicated by extensive deep venous thrombosis refractory to medical and interventional radiologic management.
First Report of Anaerobic Isolation of Salmonella enterica from Liver Abscesses of Feedlot Cattle.

In feedlot cattle, the occurrence of liver abscesses is a complex interplay between an aggressive grain feeding program and a number of dietary and management factors. The incidence of liver abscesses ranges from 12 to 32% ([1][1]). Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic bacterium that originates
Classical Algebraic Geometry: A Modern View

Preface 1. Polarity 2. Conics and quadrics 3. Plane cubics 4. Determinantal equations 5. Theta characteristics 6. Plane quartics 7. Cremona transformations 8. Del Pezzo surfaces 9. Cubic surfaces 10. Geometry of lines Bibliography Index.
Separation of a Factor Indispensable for Coupled Phosphorylation from the Particulate Fraction of Mycobacterium phlei

Abstract The respiratory apparatus of bacteria appears to be associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The particulate structures obtained by differential centrifugation of cell-free extracts contained the bulk of the respiratory activity of the cell and are referred to as the electron transport particles. This material, however, was not homogenous and was further separated into a number of distinct particulate fractions by density gradient centrifugation. The heaviest fraction appeared as a red pellet, comprised about 28% of the total particulate protein, and was found to contain the complete electron transport pathways for succinate and NAD+-linked oxidations. However, this fraction failed to couple phosphorylation to oxidation even in the presence of soluble coupling factors. Restoration of phosphorylation to the electron transport particles was found to require one of the "light" particulate fractions and soluble coupling factors. The "light" particulate fraction had little or no oxidative activity and was active in restoring phosphorylation even after prolonged exposure to sonic oscillation. Reassociation of the "light" and "heavy" particles required the presence of Mg++ ions. The "light" particulate fraction was required for restoration of phosphorylation with different electron donors as well as for the third phosphorylative site.
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Solar and supernova neutrino studies with a large heavy water Cherenkov detector

Abstract A brief overview is given of the status of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) large heavy water Cherenkov detector intended for the observation of solar and supernova neutrinos. This detector offers the potential of obtaining qualitatively and quantitatively new information about these neutrinos and their sources.
Antiretroviral therapy prescribing in hospitalized HIV clinic patients.

Objectives Antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication prescribing errors in hospitalized patients still remain common. This study aimed to examine the initial prescribing of antiretroviral drug regimens for HIV clinic patients admitted to an urban academic teaching hospital. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients with a discharge diagnosis of HIV or AIDS was performed. Only patients actively managed by the hospital out-patient HIV clinic at the time of discharge were included in the final analysis. We compared the ART initially prescribed during hospitalization with the clinic records. Medication errors were separated by type and the prescriber's area of specialty was noted. Results From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2009, 90 admissions in 62 patients were included in the final analysis. In 47 of those admissions, the patient had an initial regimen considered to be incorrectly prescribed; in 17 of these 47 admissions, the patient was not prescribed any ART, and in the remainder the errors were related to drug omissions, incorrect frequency/dose, and prescription of the wrong drug. The majority of admissions were by an internal medicine or non-infectious disease (ID) specialist. Average time to ART initiation was comparable among all prescribers. No statistically significant correlation was found between the number of admissions per patient or the prescriber's area of specialty and the percentage of incorrect regimens ordered. Conclusion Hospital HIV medication management still remains an area of focus because of the complexity of regimens, poor medication reconciliation and limited non-HIV/ID specialist knowledge.
Factor Analysis and Latent Structure: IRT and Rasch Models

Educational assessments, psychological scales, and social surveys often generate data in the form of a two-way array of discrete response data for N subjects (examinees, respondents, etc.) and J probes (test, scale, or survey items). Subjects' responses to the probes may be viewed as fallible measures of one or more underlying constructs, represented generically by a scalar or vector-valued index {latent variable} for each subject. When the response variables are discrete-valued, item response theory (IRT) and its variants provide a set of modeling and estimation tools for making inferences about the relationships between the Xij and the latent variable(s) θi and about subjects' location in the latent structure represented by θ. This article reviews standard parametric IRT models and estimation methods, extensions to compelx data analysis setting by way of a hierarchical Bayes formulation, nonparametric approaches to IRT, and selected applications in education, psychology, the social sciences, and biostatistics. Extensions of IRT to handle cognitively diagnostic assessment are briefly sketched, and similarities between IRT and Bayesian inference networks are pointed out.