cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Life Cycle Assessment of Two Toasters

The objective of this paper is to determine and compare the environmental impacts of two toasters: standard and eco-friendly. The most rapidly growing sector for the e-waste world comes from Electronic household products. More than 2 million tons of electronic products are disposed off as solid waste to landfills in the US alone. The demand for energy supplies has been rapidly increasing in the past decade. Strict legislative measures should be enforced to protect the environment by making industries collect back the manufactured products at the End-of-Life (EOL) from the users and recycle the products. If these necessary steps are not taken, then these e-wastes will impose serious threat to society and the environment. In order to re-design environmentally friendly products and facilitate sustainable take-back planning, current products need to be evaluated for their environmental impacts. One of the widely used methodologies to assess the environmental impacts of a product is called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a cradle to grave approach for assessing the environmental impacts of a product. The cradle to grave approach includes raw material phase, manufacturing and assembly phase, use phase, recovery phase and disposal phase. The system boundary for LCA presented in this paper includes material phase, manufacturing phase, use-phase and disposal phase. The functional unit for the LCA is entire life of the toaster which is one year based on manufacturer’s warranty which also includes the rate of usage. The environmental impacts from the two toasters as presented in this paper include eutrophication, acidification, energy-use and global warming. The use phase energy impact is experimentally determined.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Municipal sewage sludge use in forests of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.: Growth responses

Abstract In nursery-bed studies, Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce, black cottonwood, and Lombardy poplar all grew well in sludge-amended media. Western hemlock and western redcedar survived poorly in aged sludge and did not appear to be good candidates for sludge applications. In most species, mixing sludge with soil provided a better growth media than sludge alone. Field studies with seedlings in cleared areas confirmed a poor survival and growth of western hemlock and western redcedar in sludge treatments. Additionally, weed competition and animal damage in cleared areas treated with sludge imposed large management costs on this option. Tree growth of cottonwoods and conifers, however, was encouraging. Applications to existing stands and plantations appears to be the most feasible management option. Growth responses in older stands were high and greater than those found for operational nitrogen fertilization in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. The duration of the growth response also appears to exceed those from commercial fertilizer applications.
Methods of Preparing Hard Cooked Eggs

Abstract AN EGG hard cooked in shell should rate high in the following criteria: 1) shell does not break during cooking, 2) shell peels off easily and does not adhere to the coagulated egg albumen, and 3) the yolk should be well centered and free of any dark ring. Several factors can influence how well hard-cooked eggs can meet these criteria, i.e., temperature of the egg, pH of albumen, temperature of the heating medium, length of cooking period, strength of shell and quality of the egg. The cooking procedure required to give optimum results for one criterion may not produce optimum results when judged by another criterion. The quality of eggs available for home use has been improving. However, extremely fresh eggs seem to be associated with an increased difficulty in the removal of shells from hard-cooked eggs. Higher quality eggs, now frequently preserved by an oil spray treatment, have thicker…
Supportive psychotherapy for perinatal depression: preliminary data for adherence and response

Background: We sought to determine patient factors associated with adherence and response to a manualized supportive psychotherapy designed for pregnant and postpartum women with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Supportive psychotherapy was provided to all participants in parallel to a placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids. The supportive psychotherapy was a six-session, manualized intervention. Clinicians recorded participation and adherence. Symptom rating scales were completed at baseline and every 2 weeks and included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) as the primary outcome. N=59 participants were enrolled. Subjects were referred by obstetrical and pediatric health-care providers. Descriptive statistics and general linear models were used to assess the study outcomes. Results: The mean number of completed sessions was 4.4 out of a full course of 6. There were no significant differences found between omega-3 fatty acid and placebo groups in the parallel assessments. We found significantly lower adherence to the psychotherapy sessions for women who were not married, were unemployed, and those with higher scores on the HAM-D at baseline. Completion of a greater number of psychotherapy sessions, lower baseline depression scores, and postpartum status (compared with pregnant status) were associated with lower final HAM-D scores. Overall, the response rate was 52.9% (≥50% decrease on HAM-D scores), and the remission rate (final score<8) was 31.4%. Conclusions: Study limitations included small sample size, and possible nonspecific and placebo effects. Adherence appears important in response to supportive psychotherapy in women with perinatal MDD, and future efforts to improve adherence in perinatal women with MDD are warranted. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effect of host adrenalectomy on the physiology of Trypanosoma rhodesiense.

Abstract 1. Adrenalectomized rats infected with T. rhodesiense succumbed sooner to the infection than nonadrenalectomized infected rats as a result of an increased parasitemia. 2. Trypanosomes isolated from adrenalectomized rats had reduced rates of glucose consumption. 3. Decreases in total liver glycogen prior to infection of the adrenalectomized rats were observed and are related to the earlier death of the infected rat. 4. The data is discussed with respect to the endocrine system as a regulator of trypanosome biochemistry and a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis.
Approximate 3D iterative reconstruction for SPECT

Compared with slice-by-slice approaches for SPECTreconstruction, three-dimensional iterative methods provide a more accurate physical model and an improved SPECTimage. Clinical application of these methods, however, is limited primarily by their computational demands. This paper investigates methods for approximate 3D iterative reconstruction that greatly reduce this demand by excluding from the reconstruction the smaller magnitude elements of the system matrix. A new method is described which is designed to control the resulting bias in the SPECTimage for a given reduction in computation. The approximate methods were compared to fully 3D iterative reconstruction in terms of SPECTimage bias and visual quality. All methods were incorporated into the ML-EM algorithm and applied to data from 3D mathematical and experimental brain phantoms. The SPECTimagesreconstructed by the approximate methods exhibited a positive bias throughout the image that was in general smaller with the new method (in the range of 2%–6%). The bias was smallest in locally hot regions and largest in locally cold regions. The high quality brain phantom images demonstrated the capability of the new method in realistic imaging contexts. The time per iteration for an entire 3D brain phantom on a modern workstation using the approximate 3D method was 7.9 s.
Studies on the blastogenic response of murine lymphocytes. I. Quantitative measurement of stimulation by phytohemagglutinin.

SummaryA sensitive and reliable system to culture mouse lymphocytes stimulated to transform by phytohemagglutinin is described. This system permits the convenient use of a relatively rapid modified “acidinsoluble” method to assay nucleoside incorporation. Under the conditions described, stimulated splenic and peripheral lymphocytes demonstrated elevated RNA synthesis 18-24 hr prior to maximum DNA synthesis. Nucleoside incorporation of stimulated peripheral lymphocytes exceeded that of splenic cells and occurred earlier. The degree of transformation was dependent on cell density, phytohemagglutinin-P concentration, and serum level.
Ciliate Epibiont Effects on Feeding, Energy Reserves, and Sensitivity to Hydrocarbon Contaminants in an Estuarine Harpacticoid Copepod

Although epibiotic protozoans are commonly observed on the chitinous exoskeleton of aquatic crustaceans, relatively little is known about their ecological significance. The significance of protozoan epibionts on benthic copepods has never been examined.Coullana sp., a meiobenthic harpacticoid copepod, is abundant in Louisiana salt marshes and has high incidence (∼50%) of ciliate epibionts. Field and laboratory grazing experiments indicated that ciliate epibionts did not hinderCoullana feeding on benthic or planktonic algae. Contrary to expectations,Coullana with high levels of ciliate epibionts (>8 ind−1) grazed at a significantly higher rate on14C-labeled benthic diatoms added to intact sediment cores than didCoullana with no epibionts.Coullana neutral lipids (examined using Nile Red, a hydrophobic fluorophore) were not significantly influenced by the presence of ciliate epibionts, suggesting that copepods are able to compensate for any additional energetic demands imposed by epibionts. Epibiont effects onCoullana susceptibility to hydrocarbon contaminants were measured by examining survivorship in diesel-spiked sediments. The presence of ciliate epibionts significantly decreased survivorship at relatively low PAH concentrations (12.8 ppm). While ciliate epibionts onCoullana do not dramatically alter total food acquisition or energy storage, they may cause stress, which in turn makesCoullana more susceptible to contaminants and possibly other natural stressors such as food limitation.
Cell-free translation and partial characterization of mRNA coding for enkephalin-precursor protein.

Abstract The biosynthesis of the protein precursor of [Met]enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) was studied using cell-free translation systems to characterize the enkephalin-precursor gene product and mRNA. Proteins obtained by translation of bovine adrenal medullary mRNA in the presence of [35S]methionine were digested with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. The resultant peptides were immunoprecipitated with anti[Met]enkephalin serum and subsequently analyzed by reverse phase HPLC. [35S][Met]Enkephalin (up to 0.2 fmol/micrograms mRNA, identified by antigenic specificity and chromatographic mobility, was isolated from peptides obtained from proteins whose synthesis was dependent upon adrenal medullary mRNA. Both trypsin and carboxy-peptidase B were required to generate [35S][Met]enkephalin from translation products. The largest protein containing the [35S]-[Met]enkephalin sequence synthesized in the wheat germ system has a Mr, of 31,000 +/- 1000, determined by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Adrenal medullary mRNA coding for protein containing the [35S][Met]enkephalin sequence was resolved into a major fraction of 1450 +/- 150 nucleotides and a minor fraction of 47000 +/- 450 nucleotides, as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of methylmercuric hydroxide. It is proposed that the major enkephalin-precursor gene product of adrenal medulla is a protein of Mr approximately 31,000.U
Crystallization Kinetics of Internally Nucleated Vitreous Silica

It has recently been observed that cristobalite can hetero-geneously nucleate and grow internally in vitreous silica. When the glass-crystal composite is cooled to room temperature, β-cristobalite is metastably retained as a result of the large tensile stresses developed during cooling. Although these crystals are not obvious, they can be readily observed with a polarizing microscope or polariscope. As long as the cristobalite does not transform when cooled to room temperature, repeated increments of crystal growth can be measured on the same growing crystal. Crystal growth was measured on electrically melted quartz glass at 1350° to 1620°C. The observed growth rates were linear with time and were the lowest that have been measured in vitreous silica. The kinetic data agreed with the general form of the crystal growth equation μ= (AΔT)/ν. Since the growth is internal and free from surface contamination, the measured rates are considered to be very near the intrinsic rates for the material.
The influence of leader regulatory focus on employee creativity

Abstract Brockner and Higgins (Brockner, J., Higgins, E. T. 2001. Regulatory focus theory: Implications for the study of emotions at work. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 35–66.) suggest that a leader's behavior may be perceived as an organizational endorsement of promotion-focused or prevention-focused concerns and that this perception will influence employee behavior by eliciting a congruent state of regulatory focus. We tested this hypothesis using matched pairs of leaders and employees from a Chinese firm and found that employee creativity is positively associated with the promotion focus of the supervisor's behavior. Consequently, through their actions, promotion-focused leaders may increase the likelihood of entrepreneurial action in their firms by eliciting a promotion-focused state of eagerness from their employees.
Fermium Purification Using Teva™ Resin Extraction Chromatography

Abstract The Radiochemical Engineering Development Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory processes irradiated targets to recover the transplutonium actinides for research and industrial users. In a typical processing campaign, dekagram quantities of curium are recovered for recycle into targets for subsequent irradiation and processing; decigram quantities of californium are recovered for fabrication into neutron sources; and milligram quantities of einsteinium and berkelium as well as picogram quantities of fermium are recovered for distribution to the research community. The transcurium actinides are separated in a series of chromatographic elutions using a cation-exchange resin and ammonium α-hydroxyisobutyrate as the eluant. The fermium fraction from these final purification runs still contains significant amounts of rare earth fission products, such as yttrium, dysprosium, and holmium. In the most recent campaign, a process using a TEVA™ resin extraction chromatography column was developed and test...
Fibroblast feeder layers inhibit differentiation of retinoic acid-treated embryonal carcinoma cells by increasing the probability of stem cell renewal.

Abstract The appearance of differentiated cells in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cultures can be inhibited by culturing the cells on fibroblast feeder layers. To determine whether or not feeder layers act by increasing the probability of stem cell renewal, growth and differentiation were monitored in cultures of F9 (subclone OTF9-63) EC cells exposed to retinoic acid (RA) in either the presence or absence of feeder layers. By measuring the fraction of laminin-positive TROMA 1-positive or alkaline phosphatase-negative cells, it was determined that the frequency of differentiated cells in RA-treated F9 cultures was reduced by 70–80% when cells were cultured on fibroblast feeder layers instead of gelatin-coated dishes. Experiments in which EC cells were cultured in close proximity to a feeder layer demonstrated that cell-cell contact was required for maximal inhibition of differentiation. The probability of stem cell renewal was determined by measuring the number of colonyforming cells in RA-treated cultures as a function of time. Analysis of the data demonstrated that the probabilities of stem cell renewal were 0.5 and 0.25 during the first and second 48 h periods, respectively, following addition of RA for cells cultured without feeder layers. Cultures maintained on feeder layers exhibited a stem cell renewal probability of 0.72. Thus, feeder layers reduce the frequency of differentiated cells in RA-treated cultures by increasing the probability of stem cell renewal. Determining the mechanism by which feeder layers counteract the effect of a chemically defined differentiation inducer should help to uncover the processes that regulate the probability of stem cell renewal.
WE‐B‐201B‐05: Monte Carlo Simulation of Coherent Scatter Computed Tomography (CSCT)

Purpose: To determine the design characteristics of a new tissue‐specific x‐ray computed tomography(CT)system that may potentially improved tumor specificity in CTimaging of similar Z‐material through detection of coherently scatteredphotons. Methods & Materials: Utilizing the open source Monte Carlo code system Electron Gamma Shower 5 (EGS5), we simulated coherently scatted photons for the purpose of investigating coherent scattercomputed tomography (CSCT). Unlike other simulation systems, ESG5 allows for correlation effects between molecules, which properly simulate coherent scatter. The simulated geometry mimics a “3rd generation” fan beam acquisition with a post‐scatter collimator (multi‐slit linear grid), which only permits scatter from a specific vertical segment of the phantom to be detected. The simulation consisted of a 10cm diameter cylindrical phantom of fat enclosing two 3.75cm diameter off‐center cylinders of muscle and air, centered midway between a monoenergetic (70kV) fan beam source and a bank of detection elements, which were located at a distance of 60 cm. The simulated detection elements were 1×1mm2 in area and covered a horizontal distance equivalent to a 55 degree arc centered on the source and a vertical distance of 175 mm. Results: Reconstruction of coherently scattered data was performed using filtered back projection and is comparable to previously published empirical results. Several material enhanced contrast images were generated from a single data acquisition (one tube rotation), with image intensity proportional to the amount of coherent scatter originating from a particular material at a particular location. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the utility of EGS5 to generate coherent scatter data for CSCT image investigation. Simulating scatter allows for a more feasible means to optimize acquisition parameters (photon spectrum, setup geometry, object attenuation) to create a CSCT system capable of exploiting the forward peaked nature of coherently scatteredphotons for discriminating similar Z‐material in topographic images.
Photoaffinity Labeling of the Lutropin Receptor with Synthetic Peptide for Carboxyl Terminus of the Human Choriogonadotropin γ Subunit (

Human choriogonadotropin (hCG) consists of an α subunit and a β subunit. The existing evidence from various studies using truncation, substitution, synthetic hormone peptides, and hCG crystals suggests that the C-terminal region of the α subunit contacts the luteinizing hormone/choriogonoadotropin (LH/CG) receptor and is involved in receptor activation. Despite a deluge of the speculation and the important role of the αC-terminal region, direct evidence for its interaction with the receptor has been elusive. Because of the significant biological activity, it is imperative to prove the interaction of the αC-terminal region. For this purpose, decamer peptides corresponding to the α subunit sequence from His83 to Ser92 (α83-92) were derivatized with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoylglycine (ABG) and radioiodinated. The resulting ABG-125I-α83-92 was capable of binding and activating the LH/CG receptor. Furthermore, UV-sensitive ABG-125I-α83-92 exclusively photoaffinity-labeled an ~86-kDa molecule. This labeled molecule was shown to be the LH/CG receptor by various methods including immunoprecipitation by anti-LH/CG receptor antiserum. In addition, evidence is presented that the amino group of αLys91 of α83-92 is in such close proximity to a carboxyl group of the receptor that this pair is cross-linked to form an amide, a zero length cross-link. This low affinity contact of α83-92 and the receptor is sufficient for receptor activation and is crucial for the full understanding of the mechanistics of the receptor activation steps.
Biochemical properties of two cinnamoyl esterases purified from a Lactobacillus johnsonii strain isolated from stool samples of diabetes-resistant rats.

Cinnamic acids (i.e., ferulic and caffeic acids) that are esterified to the vegetable cell walls should be enzymatically released to be absorbed in a mammal's intestines. A low dosage of ferulic acid in rodent diets stimulates insulin production and alleviates symptoms caused by diabetes (M. Sri Balasubashini, R. Rukkumani, and V. P. Menon, Acta Diabetol. 40:118-122, 2003). Several lactic acid bacteria are able to display ferulic acid esterase (FAE) activity, suggesting that their probiotic activity could be, in part, mediated by the slow release of ferulic acid. In the present work, we describe the isolation of one strain identified as being Lactobacillus johnsonii that displayed strong FAE activity in stool samples from diabetes-resistant biobreeding rats. These animals are genetically susceptible to becoming diabetic but do not develop the disease. By using genomic analysis coupled to protein purification and catalytic screening, we were able to purify two proteins with FAE activity. The enzymes displayed 42% sequence identity and a broad range of substrate preferences. High affinities and catalytic efficiencies toward aromatic compounds such as ethyl ferulate (Km = 20 to 60 μM) and chlorogenic acid (Km = 10 to 50 μM) were observed. The strain isolated herein as well as the enzymes studied could be potentially useful for the formulation of probiotics to ameliorate diabetes symptoms.
Analysis of gender effects on pain perception and symptom presentation in temporomandibular pain

Based on clinical populations, chronic orofacial pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occurs more frequently (range: 2:1 to 9:1) in women than men. The reasons for this difference are not clear. The present study evaluated symptom presentation, sensitivity to pain, personality, and illness behavior in 2 samples of patients suffering with orofacial pain. Also, pain responses were studied in pain-free volunteers, controlling for experimenter-gender effects. The results showed few gender differences based on ratings of chronic or experimental pain, pain-related illness behavior, and personality. The higher ratio of women versus men seeking TMD care is consistent with greater health awareness or interest in symptoms by women than by men.
Pressure effects on two superconducting iron-based families

Insight into the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity can be gained by pressure-dependent studies of structural, thermodynamics and transport data. The role of pressure may be complicated by the level of hydrostaticity. High-pressure studies on two iron-based families of RFeAsO (R = rare-earth metals) and AFe2As2 (A = alkaline-earth metals) are reviewed here.
Understanding of friendship and social rules in deaf and hearing adolescents

Abstract Children who are profoundly and prelingually deaf and live in residential schools lack ready access to the general language environment and some opportunities of societial interactions. How does this affect their understanding of the social world To probe this question 60 deaf and 60 hearing children, ages 9, 13, and 17, were interviewed regarding friendship and social rules (a game rule, a school rule, driving law). Summary scores for each of the 4 areas yielded age and hearing differences. The major findings were: (1) the developmental pattern of responses was similar for deaf and hearing children; (2) deaf children lagged behind hearing children in their social understanding, most in game rules, least in friendship. The results were related to a constructivist developmental perspective and to previous research on socialization of deaf children.
The effect of sewage on a chain of lakes in Indiana

1. Treated and untreated sewage is received by the chain of lakes. 2. Sludge deposits were present in varying levels on the lake bottoms. 3. Bottom macroinvertebrate populations were depressed. 4. Phytoplankton levels and types reflected the effects of the treated and untreated sewage. 5. The effect of the treated and untreated sewage was manifested throughout the chain of lakes. 6. The chain of lakes appeared to act as a series of natural biological oxidation ponds, as indicated by the biotic forms of the phytoplankton in the chain of lakes.
Macrophage plasminogen activator: induction by concanavalin A and phorbol myristate acetate

The synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator by cultured macrophages can be induced and stimulated by concanavalin A and by phorbol myristate acetate, and inhibited by such agents as glucocorticoids, mitotic inhibitors and compounds affecting cAMP metabolism. By the manipulation of stimulatory and inhibitory influences, enzyme production can be modulated continuously over a 200 fold range. In the same way, the proportion of cells that secrete detectable levels of enzyme can be varied from 1-90%. No comparable modulation of lysozyme or acid hydrolase production is observed under the same conditions. These results suggest that the physiological control of macrophage plasminogen activator production is achieved by the interacting effects of mutually antagonistic stimuli; this emphasizes the utility of this enzyme for the study of regulatory phenomena, including those relating to inflammation.
Vesicular transport across endothelium: simulation of a diffusion model.

In a previous study it was proposed that Brownian motion could account in part for the migration of micropinocytotic vesicles across endothelial cells. As was shown, if such a diffusion process is to be effective, it is necessary to postulate the active initial intrusion of the vesicles into the cytoplasm from the cell surface. To make such a model explicit it is necessary to specify the distance vesicles are intruded, and the thickness of the cell; by contrast, to compare transit-times based on diffusion theory with transit-times computed from physiological data on the transport of large molecules it is necessary to specify the proportion of vesicles which are free of surface connections. Information on the distance of intrusion is inferred from electron microscopic measurements on the ‘stalks’ or ‘necks’ of sessile vesicles. Information on cell thickness, and on the proportion of free vesicles, is obtained from recently published work, in the literature, in which serial electron micrographs were used to reconstruct a portion of an endothelial cell. The behaviour of this theoretical model of vesicular transport across an ideal endothelial cell is analyzed in terms of the theory of Brownian motion in the presence of an absorbing barrier, by computer simulation. It is shown that if cytoplasmic viscosity is assumed to be in the vicinity of 800 cp, the vesicular transit times for this ideal cell, in terms of diffusion theory and of physiological estimates, can be reconciled. Moreover the vesicular fluxes can be computed from the cytoplasmic density of free vesicles, if a definite value is assigned to cytoplasmic viscosity. In the steady state, assuming a constant intrusion-rate, free vesicles intruded from one surface will in general be asymmetrically distributed among the layers of endothelial cell cytoplasm. This circumstance may be of importance in the interpretation of electron micrographs showing vesicles labelled with exogenous intravascular peroxidase.
Dynamical Properties of Quasiparticle Excitations in Metallic Copper

The results of experimental studies of the cyclotron masses associated with various orbits on the Fermi surface of copper are analyzed in terms of an interpolation scheme based on surfaces of constant energy that are constructed by the method of phase-shift analysis. Our results confirm that it is possible to construct surfaces of constant energy that are entirely consistent with experimental Fermi-surface and cyclotron-mass data. The variation of the quasiparticle velocity over the Fermi surface is determined from the experimental cyclotron masses. The anisotropy of the Fermi velocity is in excellent over-all agreement with the results of a similar calculation by Halse, and with recent experimental measurements by Doezema, Koch, and Strom. A comparison between the quasiparticle velocities and the velocities computed from a one-electron potential that has been constructed to fit optical and Fermi-surface data demonstrates that in copper the renormalization of the one-electron energy bands by the electron-phonon interaction varies significantly over the Fermi surface. We find that, for electronic states on the belly, the anisotropy of the renormalization factor is in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of a simple deformation-potential calculation, but that for states within a few degrees of the necks the deformation-potential approximation fails. Encouraged by the partial success of the deformation-potential calculation for virtual electron-phonon processes, we apply similar techniques to discuss the real processes that at low temperatures $T$ contribute a ($\frac{1}{{T}^{3}}$)-dependent term to the relaxation time for quasiparticle excitations. We propose a model to describe the variation of the electron-phonon relaxation time over the belly, but conclude that a first-principles calculation may be needed to investigate the relaxation time on the necks. At present there exist insufficient experimental data to allow a convincing test of the accuracy of the model, but it seems likely that our empirical deformation potential will be of value in the analysis of such data when they become available.
Reagan's and carter's ad men review the 1980 television campaigns

These interviews reveal the television advertising techniques and the rationale for the methods used during the 1980 presidential election campaign. Each of the media coordinators ‐ Peter Daily for the Reagan campaign and Gerald Rafshoon for the Carter campaign ‐ directed campaigns that spent around $18 million. These interviews provide insight into what was communicated through television advertising by the Reagan and Carter campaigns and why.
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, HOSTILITY, AND PHYSICAL HEALTH

This study assessed the relationship of depression, anxiety, and hostility to physical health in a multicultural student population (N=106). When controlling for a variety of demographic and health risk factors (viz., age, sex, body mass, smoking, alcohol, salt, caffeine, and exercise), hostility, depression, and anxiety were related to higher reported incidences of physical symptoms and somatic illness. Depression and hostility had the strongest relationships with physical health, although the most striking single relationship was between depression and illness. Results suggest that it may be premature to focus our attention on hostility in research on the personality-illness relationship. They also suggest that the health behavior model of the relationship between personality and disease does not provide an adequate explanation, since negative affect was significantly associated with illness even when controlling for a variety of health risk factors.
Personality and Major Depression among Directly Exposed Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing

Background. Few disaster studies have specifically examined personality and resilience in association with disaster exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and major depression. Methods. 151 directly-exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing randomly selected from a bombing survivor registry completed PTSD, major depression, and personality assessments using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-IV and the Temperament and Character Inventory, respectively. Results. The most prevalent postdisaster psychiatric disorder was bombing-related PTSD (32%); major depression was second in prevalence (21%). Bombing-related PTSD was associated with the combination of low self-directedness and low cooperativeness and also with high self-transcendence and high harm avoidance in most configurations. Postdisaster major depression was significantly more prevalent among those with (56%) than without (5%) bombing-related PTSD (P < .001) and those with (72%) than without (14%) predisaster major depression (P < .001). Incident major depression was not associated with the combination of low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Conclusions. Personality features can distinguish resilience to a specific life-threatening stressor from general indicators of well-being. Unlike bombing-related PTSD, major depression was not a robust marker of low resilience. Development and validation of measures of resilience should utilize well-defined diagnoses whenever possible, rather than relying on nonspecific measures of psychological distress.
Intravascular Susceptibility Agent Effects on Tissue Transverse Relaxation Rates In Vivo

Since vascular architecture differs among tissues, it was hypothesized that the change in transverse relaxation rate produced by a given tissue concentration of susceptibility contrast agent also varies by tissue. This is relevant to strategies to map regional blood volume by MRI using indicator dilution techniques. R*(2) was measured in rat organs over a range of susceptibility agent concentrations at 1.5 T. Rat red blood cells loaded with dysprosium-DTPA-BMA served as an intravascular susceptibility agent. Tissue samples were frozen in vivo and dysprosium concentrations were independently measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The slope (k) of R*(2) vs. tissue dysprosium concentration in sec(-1) mM(-1) for myocardium was 97.1 (95% C.I. 77. 0-117.2), liver 122.6 (108.3-136.9), spleen 22.5 (8.8-36.3), kidney 68.1 (58.6-77.6), and skeletal muscle 77.9 (4.1-151.6); k was significantly different (P < 0.05) for all pairings except those with skeletal muscle. Therefore, relative values of tissue blood volume derived from dynamic images of first pass contrast effects may be in error because k is not constant for different conditions.
Can the findings of recent randomized trials of treatment or no treatment of gestational diabetes be used for changing current treatment approaches

The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recently concluded that there was inadequate evidence available to recommend treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) largely on the basis of inadequate prospective studies. However one randomized controlled trial and one large prospective cohort have been published since indicating benefits of GDM treatment and harms of mild hyperglycemia. This paper examines these new findings in the context of rising global obesity.
High Speed Photography of Flaming Aluminum Particles Produced by a Rocket Propellant in an Acceleration Field

A photographic system is described which records the near surface combustion of a solid rocket propellant burning in an acceleration field. Strands of propellant which contain aluminum powder were photographed while burning in a pressure vessel (bomb) which is mounted on a centrifuge table. A lens and series of mirrors magnify and relay the image from the spinning bomb to a rotating prism camera. The trajectories of burning aluminum particles (50-1000μ in diameter) were investigated at framing rates of 4000 pps and unity magnification. A description of the centrifuge and photographic system is presented along with representative results derived from the film analysis.
Affinity-aware checkpoint restart

Current checkpointing techniques employed to overcome faults for HPC applications result in inferior application performance after restart from a checkpoint for a number of applications. This is due to a lack of page and core affinity awareness of the checkpoint/restart (C/R) mechanism, i.e., application tasks originally pinned to cores may be restarted on different cores, and in case of non-uniform memory architectures (NUMA), quite common today, memory pages associated with tasks on a NUMA node may be associated with a different NUMA node after restart. This work contributes a novel design technique for C/R mechanisms to preserve task-to-core maps and NUMA node specific page affinities across restarts. Experimental results with BLCR, a C/R mechanism, enhanced with affinity awareness demonstrate significant performance benefits of 37%-73% for the NAS Parallel Benchmark codes and 6-12% for NAMD with negligible overheads instead of up to nearly four times longer an execution times without affinity-aware restarts on 16 cores.
Kinetic determinism of lysozyme folding at high temperatures.

Abstract Reduced, disordered hen egg lysozyme rapidly regains enzymic activity in a nonenzymic system previously reported from this laboratory. When such regenerations are carried out at high temperatures (where the native enzyme is unstable), native enzyme is formed as a transient intermediate. Thermal inactivation does not depend on irreversible changes in the protein, as shown by experiments wherein thermally inactivated regenerated lysozyme spontaneously reactivates at 37°. These findings are inconsistent with thermodynamic determinism of protein structure.
TU-F-17A-03: An Analytical Respiratory Perturbation Model for Lung Motion Prediction

Purpose: Breathing irregularity is common, causing unreliable prediction in tumor motion for correlation-based surrogates. Both tidal volume (TV) and breathing pattern (BP=ΔVthorax/TV, where TV=ΔVthorax+ΔVabdomen) affect lung motion in anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions. We developed a novel respiratory motion perturbation (RMP) model in analytical form to account for changes in TV and BP in motion prediction from simulation to treatment. Methods: The RMP model is an analytical function of patient-specific anatomic and physiologic parameters. It contains a base-motion trajectory d(x,y,z) derived from a 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) at simulation and a perturbation term Δd(ΔTV,ΔBP) accounting for deviation at treatment from simulation. The perturbation is dependent on tumor-specific location and patient-specific anatomy. Eleven patients with simulation and treatment 4DCT images were used to assess the RMP method in motion prediction from 4DCT1 to 4DCT2, and vice versa. For each patient, ten motion trajectories of corresponding points in the lower lobes were measured in both 4DCTs: one served as the base-motion trajectory and the other as the ground truth for comparison. In total, 220 motion trajectory predictions were assessed. The motion discrepancy between two 4DCTs for each patient served as a control. An established 5D motion model was used for comparison. Results: The average absolute error of RMP model prediction in superior-inferior direction is 1.6±1.8 mm, similar to 1.7±1.6 mm from the 5D model (p=0.98). Some uncertainty is associated with limited spatial resolution (2.5mm slice thickness) and temporal resolution (10-phases). Non-corrected motion discrepancy between two 4DCTs is 2.6±2.7mm, with the maximum of ±20mm, and correction is necessary (p=0.01). Conclusion: The analytical motion model predicts lung motion with accuracy similar to the 5D model. The analytical model is based on physical relationships, requires no training, and therefore is potentially more resilient to breathing irregularities. On-going investigation introduces airflow into the RMP model for improvement. This research is in part supported by NIH (U54CA137788/132378). AY would like to thank MSKCC summer medical student research program supported by National Cancer Institute and hosted by Department of Medical Physics at MSKCC.
Remember when mom wanted you home for dinner

Limited information exists about the relationship between family dinner and the quality of children's diets. However, several studies suggest that foods obtained at home have more fiber, calcium, and iron, and less total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium than foods obtained away from home. The results of a recent study confirm and extend these observations by showing beneficial effects of family dinner on the diet quality of children ages 9 to 14. Nutritionists and health educators should look for ways to encourage families to increase the number of meals eaten together to improve the eating patterns of children.
Low-lying quasiparticle excitations in strongly correlated superconductors: An ansatz from BCS quasiparticle excitations?

Abstract The question about the existence of Bogoliubov's quasiparticles in the BCS wave functions underneath Gutzwiller's projection is of importance to strongly correlated systems. We develop a method to examine the two-particle excitations of Gutzwiller-projected BCS wave functions by using the variational Monte Carlo approach. We find that the exact Gutzwiller-projected quasiparticle (GQP) dispersions are quantitatively reproduced by the Gutzwiller-projected Bogoliubov quasiparticles (GBQP) except the regions where d -wave Cooper pairing is strong. We believe GBQP provides a reasonable description to the low-energy excitations in strongly correlated superconducting systems because GBQP becomes more stable than GQP near the antinodes. Our framework offers a route to understand the intimate connection between Gutzwiller's projection and d -wave Cooper pairing.
Photoaffinity radioligand for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase: [S-C3H2](trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl-pyridaben

Pyridaben is a new and very potent insecticide and miticide that acts by inhibiting the activity of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (the most complex of all the respiratory enzymes). The binding site, presumed to be the same as that of rotenone and fenazaquin, resides at an unknown location within the 43-polypeptide-subunit Complex I. To define the structure of the pyridaben-inhibition site(s), we prepared [S-C3H2](trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl-pyridaben as a photoaffinity probe. Tritium was incorporated by reducing 4-(trifluoromethyl)diazirinylphenylacetyl fluoride to the benzyl alcohol with freshly prepared LiB3H4 at 97% tritium enrichment. The tritium-labeled alcohol was converted to the benzyl bromide derivative and coupled to 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-mercapto-3(2H)-pyridazinone to obtain the photoaffinity probe (56 Ci/mmol) with an IC50 of 3.0 nM for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity of bovine heart electron transport particles. [S-C3H2](Trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl-pyridaben is an improved photoaffinity radioligand combining outstanding potency for inhibiting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity, high specific activity close to the theoretical value, and a preferred photolabile substituent (known to combine high reactivity and generation of a carbene species at wavelengths not damaging to proteins). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversed-Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Some Common Sterols

The chromatographic mobilities of 17 sterols and squalene on reversed-phase thin layer plates with four nonaqueous solvent systems is described. A degree of separation adequate to identify several of the sterols was obtained. It was possible to separate the pairs: cholestanol, epicholestanol; coprostanol, epicoprostanol; 5 beta-cholestan-3 alpha and 3 beta-ol and lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol.
P02-569 - Sudden death in psychiatric patients

Introduction Studies using death certificates have indicated an excess of sudden cardiac deaths among users of antipsychotic drugs compared to the general population, but may have underestimated the presence of other known causes of sudden and unexpected death. Objectives To assess the cause and risk factors for sudden death discovered by contemporaneous investigation of all deaths occurring over a 26-year period (1984–2009) in adult patients registered for care in one large psychiatric hospital in New York. Methods Circumstances of death, psychiatric diagnoses, psychotropic drugs and past medical history were extracted from the root cause analyses of sudden unexpected deaths. After the exclusion of suicides, homicides and drug overdoses, explained and unexplained cases were compared regarding clinical variables and the utilization of antipsychotics. Results One hundred cases of sudden death were identified among of 119, 500 patient-years. The death remained unexplained in 52 cases. The incidence of unexplained sudden death was 125/100,000 (95% CI 88.9–175.1/100,000) patient-years in 2005–2009, 53/100,000 (95% CI 31.7–88.5/100,000) patient-years in 1999–2004 and 7/100,000 (95% CI 3.7–19.4/100,000) patient-years in 1984–1998. Explained and unexplained cases were similar regarding psychiatric diagnoses and treatment with any psychotropic class, including first- and second-generation antipsychotics. Dyslipidemia (p = 0.012), diabetes (p = 0.055) and co-morbid dyslipidemia and diabetes (p = 0.008) were more common in the unexplained than in the explained cases. Conclusions In a consecutive cohort of psychiatric patients, the unexplained sudden deaths were associated with known risk factors for coronary artery disease, but not with higher utilization of first- or second-generation antipsychotics.
Evaluation of the learning effectiveness of game-based and hands-on gear train laboratories

Recently, academic institutions have started to explore the potential of commercially available multiplayer computer game engines for the development of virtual environments for instructional purposes. This trend is motivated by the fact that many students are highly accustomed to and knowledgeable about playing electronic and computer games. Computer games share a number of potential characteristics with effective instructional tools and therefore have a great potential for positively affecting learning. Achieving a sense of immersion by the students and interactive collaboration among them are two of the main goals being pursued in exploring new types of educational laboratories as alternatives or complements to traditional hands-on experiments. A scripted scenario for a game-based gear train laboratory exercise was implemented in ‘ME 358 Mechanisms and Machine Dynamics’, a junior-level course for mechanical engineering majors at Stevens Institute of Technology (SIT). This paper discusses the learning assessment conducted in that implementation. The results are presented for two assessment studies comparing versions of game-based gear train experiments to workbook-based gear train experiments with a ‘hands-on’ laboratory experience. The results suggest that the students learned the concepts addressed by the laboratory content better in the game-based condition and that they had a realistic understanding and appreciation of the practical advantages of game-based gear train experiments over more traditional learning experiences. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the students and then analyzed in order to obtain further insights into the students' opinions about and attitudes toward the game-based laboratory approach.
Comment on van den Berghe's and Barash's Sociobiology

While she correctly mentions the extensive quantitative analysis and a discussion of Basque values, she mistakenly asserts that the book explains rural exodus with relation to Basque values only. That entirely overlooks the detailed analysis of the social and political context of agriculture in this community (Chapter 4). It further ignores the central argument of the book--that explanations of complex phenomena such as rural exodus require attention to a variety of kinds of interacting causes (in this case, profits; stresses in local social structure; regional, national, and international political economy; and local values). Readers interested in multidimensional ex-