cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active learning for on-road vehicle detection: a comparative study

In recent years, active learning has emerged as a powerful tool in building robust systems for object detection using computer vision. Indeed, active learning approaches to on-road vehicle detection have achieved impressive results. While active learning approaches for object detection have been explored and presented in the literature, few studies have been performed to comparatively assess costs and merits. In this study, we provide a cost-sensitive analysis of three popular active learning methods for on-road vehicle detection. The generality of active learning findings is demonstrated via learning experiments performed with detectors based on histogram of oriented gradient features and SVM classification (HOG---SVM), and Haar-like features and Adaboost classification (Haar---Adaboost). Experimental evaluation has been performed on static images and real-world on-road vehicle datasets. Learning approaches are assessed in terms of the time spent annotating, data required, recall, and precision.
Transcriptome Analysis of Proximal Tubular Cells (HK-2) Exposed to Urines of Type 1 Diabetes Patients at Risk of Early Progressive Renal Function Decline

Background In patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) who develop microalbuminuria, progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may be initiated by leakage into the urine of toxic proteins (txUPs). This study tested this hypothesis. Methods After archiving baseline urine, we followed T1D patients with microalbuminuria for 8–12 years to distinguish those in whom GFR declined (Decliners) and those in whom it remained stable (Non-decliners). Human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells) were grown in serum-free medium enriched with pooled urines from Decliners or Non-decliners. We determined genome-wide expression profiles in extracted mRNA. Results The two pooled urines induced differential expression of 312 genes. In terms of gene ontology, molecular functions of the 119 up-regulated genes were enriched for protein binding and peptidase inhibitor activities. Their biologic processes were enriched for defense response, responses to other organisms, regulation of cellular processes, or response to stress or stimulus, and programmed cell death. The 195 down-regulated genes were disproportionately represented in molecular functions of cation binding, hydrolase activity, and DNA binding. They were disproportionately represented in biological processes for regulation of metabolic processes, nucleic acid metabolic processes, cellular response to stress and macromolecule biosynthesis. The set of up-regulated genes in HK-2 cells overlaps significantly with sets of over-expressed genes in tubular and interstitial compartments of kidney biopsies from patients with advanced DN (33 genes in one study and 25 in the other compared with 10.3 expected by chance, p<10−9 and p<10−4, respectively). The overlap included genes encoding chemokines and cytokines. Overlap of down-regulated genes was no more than expected by chance. Conclusions Molecular processes in tubules and interstitium seen in advanced diabetic nephropathy can be induced in vitro by exposure to urine from patients with minimal microalbuminuria who subsequently developed progressive renal function decline, presumably due to putative txUPs.
THE LEARNING OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED SOCIAL STRUCTURES.

Abstract : The theories of balance and dissonance which assume that balance, congruity, and consonance are the normal, expected, and desired state, and that it is easier to learn a balanced structure than an unbalanced one were tested on twelve volunteer college students. Six structures, three balanced and three unbalanced, were employed. Each structure involved an issue and two hypothetical men and an issue. The issues were Integration and Newsweek. These structures were arranged graphically and connected by arrows each of which constituted an item in the paired associates list. The six structures generated eighteen items. Of these items, nine required a positive response and nine a negative response. One group of subjects learned the six structures with Integration as the issue and the other group with Newsweek as the issue. An unbalanced structure was found more difficult to learn than a balanced one, but only when the issue was an important one. Negative relationships were found to be more difficult to learn than positive ones.
In their own words: nurses’ discourses of cleanliness from the Rehoboth Mission

In their own words: nurses’ discourses of cleanliness from the Rehoboth Mission For nurses of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, cleanliness was often seen as a virtue next to godliness. For missionary nurses, this analogy took on multiple meanings. This study focuses on discourses of cleanliness at one site of missionary nursing in the early twentieth century: the Rehoboth Mission and its hospital, which provided health-care to the Navajo in the southwestern USA from 1903 to 1965. Data sources included denominational publications, institutional records, correspondence, questionnaires and interviews of the Dutch–American missionary nurses who practiced at the Rehoboth Mission. Discourse analysis was conducted on references to cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in these texts. Secondary discourses of embodiment in daily practice, initiation and assimilation, caring, ignorance, environmental factors and gendered work were identified and analyzed. The study interrogates the whiteness of the nurses’ dominant culture and sheds light on nurses’ relationships with normative discursive frames that reflect and perpetuate inequalities, discredit non-dominant practices, and leave little room for competing discourses. It also illustrates a blurring of religion and health-care, and the need for a reflective and informed stance as a basis for cultural competence.
The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Oncoprotein Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor Trafficking Independently of Endosome Acidification

The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 oncoprotein (16E5) enhances acute, ligand-dependent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and concomitantly alkalinizes endosomes, presumably by binding to the 16-kDa “c” subunit of the V-ATPase proton pump (16K) and inhibiting V-ATPase function. However, the relationship between 16K binding, endosome alkalinization, and altered EGFR signaling remains unclear. Using an antibody that we generated against 16K, we found that 16E5 associated with only a small fraction of endogenous 16K in keratinocytes, suggesting that it was unlikely that E5 could significantly affect V-ATPase function by direct inhibition. Nevertheless, E5 inhibited the acidification of endosomes, as determined by a new assay using a biologically active, pH-sensitive fluorescent EGF conjugate. Since we also found that 16E5 did not alter cell surface EGF binding, the number of EGFRs on the cell surface, or the endocytosis of prebound EGF, we postulated that it might be blocking the fusion of early endosomes with acidified vesicles. Our studies with pH-sensitive and -insensitive fluorescent EGF conjugates and fluorescent dextran confirmed that E5 prevented endosome maturation (acidification and enlargement) by inhibiting endosome fusion. The E5-dependent defect in vesicle fusion was not due to detectable disruption of actin, tubulin, vimentin, or cytokeratin filaments, suggesting that membrane fusion was being directly affected rather than vesicle transport. Perhaps most importantly, while bafilomycin A1 (like E5) binds to 16K and inhibits endosome acidification, it did not mimic the ability of E5 to inhibit endosome enlargement or the trafficking of EGF. Thus, 16E5 alters EGF endocytic trafficking via a pH-independent inhibition of vesicle fusion.
Superconducting Multicell Cavity Development Program at Los Alamos

The Superconducting RF Cavity Development Program at Los Alamos has designed, fabricated, and tested single-cell niobium cavities at 3 GHz and 805 MHz. This work is being done in preparation for procuring and testing a multicell niobium cavity. The multicell cavity is designed to accelerate protons at /spl beta/=0.9; initial tests will be without beam. Programmatic changes have required us to modify our plans to install a 6800 litre helium cryostat and a 12.8 g/s helium pump. We will use an installed cryostat to test the multicell cavity. Also, the cavity will be modified from a seven-cell to a four-cell structure to match the dimensions of the installed cryostat. Previous reports concentrated on 3 GHz results. In this paper, some of the latest results of the 805 MHz cavity tests are presented. Modifications to allow high pulsed power testing on 805 MHz single- and four-cell cavities are proceeding. Glow discharge cleaning of an 805 MHz niobium cavity resulted in a decrease in cavity performance. The cavity was restored to previous performance levels with buffered chemical polishing. Initial results with high-pressure water cleaning show the process is useful in restoring cavity performance. >
THz polarimetric metamaterials

We demonstrate a THz-metamaterial that exhibits a frequency selective resonant response based on the polarization of the incident field. The metamaterial is based on an asymmetric split-ring resonator structure. A polarization-insensitive design is also presented.
Potential role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, destructive, autoimmune joint disease that affects one to two million Americans (or approximately 1% of the population of the United States). This disease can strike at any age and affects roughly three times as many women as men (http://ww2. arthritis.org/conditions/DiseaseCenter/RA/ra_who.asp). Symptoms include joint stiffness, swelling, and pain, as well as systemic effects associated with inflammation; and indeed, anti-inflammatory drugs are a mainstay of treatment (http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/rheumatoid_
Evaluation of serum concentrations achieved with an empiric once-daily tobramycin dosage regimen in children and adults with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES To assess the ability of an empiric once-daily dosing (ODD) tobramycin regimen to achieve desired serum concentrations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF); to determine an optimal dosage regimen, using pharmacodynamic parameters; and to evaluate clinical response, adverse effects, and patient/parent satisfaction with ODD. METHODS This was a prospective single-center trial in patients with CF who are 5 years of age and older requiring intravenous antibiotics. Tobramycin, 10 mg/kg every 24 hours, was infused over 60 minutes, and two serum concentrations were analyzed using 1-compartment pharmacokinetic modeling. Simulations were performed to identify dosage regimens that maximized desired pharmacodynamic parameters. Other data included demographics, symptoms, spirometry, adverse events, and satisfaction with ODD. RESULTS A total of 14 children and 11 adults completed the study. Empiric doses resulted in mean peak tobramycin concentrations of 28.7 ± 5.5 mg/L and undetectable trough concentrat...
Linkage and Association to Genetic Markers

Genetic markers that are sufficiently polymorphic (as measured by their heterozygosities) can be used in linkage and association analyses to detect Mendelian segregation underlying disease phenotypes. Each type of analysis can either be based on a specific genetic model or not make any assumptions about the mode of inheritance of the disease. Principles underlying these methods are reviewed, and the assumptions underlying them stressed. Association analyses are more powerful, provided there is linkage disequilibrium between the marker and disease loci; however, only linkage analyses have power in the absence of such disequilibrium. For this reason, models that allow for both kinds of tests are preferred, and such models must adequately approximate the complexity of the disease being studied.
Information technology security task-technology fit based on the technology-to-performance chain theory

This research study explores the information security technologies that are currently being used within organizations; attempts to determine if, according to information technology security professionals, these technologies are performing the security tasks they were designed to perform; and evaluate the survivability of the critical infrastructure network after the infrastructure has been attacked or penetrated - performance impacts. The Technology-to-Performance Chain and the IT security professional's evaluations of the fit between tasks, technologies, and individual characteristics (Task-Technology Fit) are the theoretical basis for this study. The types of security technologies and procedures are determined and specified by the organization's strategic plans and policy statements, which govern all aspects of organizational operations. This study incorporates the methodology of previous studies, but adds the evaluations of security technologies and tasks by the IT security professionals, which contributes to the existing knowledge base of information security.
When Delays Improve Memory: Stabilizing Memory in Children May Require Time

Memory is critical for learning, cognition, and cognitive development. Recent work has suggested that preschool-age children are vulnerable to catastrophic levels of memory interference, in which new learning dramatically attenuates memory for previously acquired knowledge. In the work reported here, we investigated the effects of consolidation on children’s memory by introducing a 48-hr delay between learning and testing. In Experiment 1, the delay improved children’s memory and eliminated interference. Results of Experiment 2 suggest that the benefit of this delay is limited to situations in which children are given enough information to form complex memory structures. These findings have important implications for understanding consolidation processes and memory development.
Ill-Suited to the Digital Age: Problems with Emerging Judicial Perspectives on Warrantless Searches of Cell Site Location Information

For the average user, a cell phone represents a form of communications technology. For a rapidly increasing number of law enforcement officials, a cell phone functions as a tracking device, used to monitor the location of persons of interest on a minute-by-minute basis. This new surveillance capability has evolved largely without public notice, and unfortunately without judicial oversight in many cases.A plurality among Federal and State courts that have addressed the practice of tracking cell phone users through the signal of their phones has concluded that the Fourth Amendment does not require a search warrant for this type of surveillance. Those courts have reasoned that because no expectation of privacy exists in an individual’s public location, no warrant is required to track that information through surveillance technology. This article critiques that plurality view. The history of the Fourth Amendment’s relationship to surveillance technology suggests that the Supreme Court did not intend to permit widespread surveillance of American citizens without any judicial oversight. Furthermore, the plurality view draws an unmanageable distinction between monitoring public and private locations; at the time law enforcement officers use surveillance technology to determine a citizen’s location, they have no way to know if it will be in a public or private area. Consequently, the plurality view incentivizes, rather than deters, surveillance that might encroach on historically private locations such as the home. Finally, pervasive surveillance of American citizens has a chilling effect on the exercise of constitutional liberties.
Comparison of clinical outcomes with the utilization of monitored anesthesia care vs. general anesthesia in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Abstract Background There is no clear consensus in regard to the optimal anesthesia utilization during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aim was to compare outcomes of transfemoral (TF) TAVR under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) vs. general anesthesia (GA) and evaluate the rates and causes of intra-procedural MAC failure. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent TF TAVR from April 2007 through March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and dichotomized into two groups: TAVR under MAC vs. GA. The main endpoints of the study included 30-day and 1-year mortality, the rates and reasons for failure of MAC, in-hospital clinical safety outcomes, and post-procedural hospital and intensive care unit length-of-stays. Results A total of 533 patients (51% male, mean-age 83 years) underwent TF TAVR under MAC (n = 467) or GA (n = 66). Fifty-six patients (12%) in the MAC group required conversion to GA. The MAC group had significantly shorter post-procedural hospital (6.0 vs. 7.9, p = 0.023) and numerically shorter ICU (2.4 vs. 2.8, p = 0.355) mean length-of-stays in days. The clinical safety outcomes were similar in both groups. Kaplan–Meier unadjusted cumulative in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were higher in the GA group but similar in both groups at 1-year. Conclusions TF TAVR under MAC is feasible and safe, results in shorter hospital stays, can be performed in the majority of cases, and should be utilized as the default strategy. Trans-esophageal echocardiography utilization during TAVR with MAC is safe and feasible. The most common cause for conversion of MAC to GA is cardiac instability and hypotension. The complete heart team should be available at all times in case the need arises for a rapid conversion to GA.
Chiral Effect of a Phe Residue in Position 3 of the Dmt1-L(or D)-Tic2 Analogues on Opioid Functional Activities.

In this letter, we describe a structure–activity relationships study, specifically related to the chirality of third amino acid residue in our H-Dmt-l(or d)-Tic analogues, of which C-terminus is attached to a piperidinyl moiety. Observed selectivities and functional activities of these analogues demonstrated that the chiralities of the second and third position residues are crucial for determining whether these ligands act as antagonists or agonists at the δ opioid receptor, but not at the μ opioid receptor.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON BENDING PERFORMANCE OF SPLICED CONCRETE-FILLED GFRP TUBE COMPOSITE MEMBERS CONNECTED WITH STEEL PLATES

The spliced concrete-filled GFRP tube composite member connected with steel plates is a new type of composite member,which is formed by connecting two independent GFRP tubes with steel plates and filling the tubes with concrete.At present,few researches have been conducted on the bending performance of the spliced concrete-filled GFRP tube members,thus the work presented in this paper is new.The test results showed that the content of the connecting steel bars influenced the failure mode of the spliced members.For the member with the steel ratio of 1.96%,the damage occurred at the joint;while for the member with the steel ratio of 2.94%,the damage occurred near the end of the welded reinforcement.Besides,the test specimen with high steel ratio had higher bearing capacity than those with low steel ratio.Moreover,the spliced members had higher bearing capacity than their non-spliced counterparts,showing the splicing through steel plates was feasible and could guarantee the mechanical behaviour of the spliced members.The minimum steel ratio was suggested to be 1.96%.
Effects of training on VO2 max and VO2 during two running intensities in rats.

Endurance training increased VO2 max significantly from 71.6 +/- 1.3 to 81.5 +/- 1.7 ml . kg-1 . min-1 in female rats. Oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratios were observed in rats for 1 h at rest, running at 14.3 m . min-1 on a 1% grade (easy exercise), and running at 28.7 m. min-1 on a 15% grade (hard exercise). In hard exercise untrained rats had a higher respiratory exchange ratio (0.97 vs 0.90) and exercised at a higher percent VO2 max (92 vs 74%) than trained animals. Blood lactate was higher during hard exercise than during rest or easy exercise, and higher in untrained than in trained animals during exercise. Blood glucose was significantly higher in trained than in untrained animals during hard exercise, but other wise there were no differences between treatments or groups. These results suggest enhanced lipid oxidation and carbohydrate sparing in trained during prolonged exercise as the result of training. The improvement in whole-body VO2 max due to training (13.9%) was less than the increase in tissue respiratory capacity (50--100%) reported to accompany endurance training of rats. The improvement in VO2 max of rats as the result of training was of the same magnitude as the training response usually seen in humans.
Brief and Extended Alcohol Cue Exposure Effects on Craving and Attentional Bias

Past research has shown that underage college-student drinkers (UCSDs) report increased subjective craving and exhibit stronger attentional biases to alcohol following alcohol-cue exposure. To date, less research has examined whether momentary decreases in alcohol craving are associated with reductions in attentional bias. One experimental manipulation that has been used to produce within-session decreases in alcohol craving is to extend the duration of laboratory-based alcohol-cue exposure protocols. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of both brief and extended alcohol-cue exposure on subjective craving and attentional bias among UCSDs. Eighty participants were randomized either to a group that received a short, in vivo, alcohol-cue-exposure period (short-exposure group [SE], 2 3-min blocks) or to a group that received a long-exposure period (long-exposure group [LE], 6 3-min blocks). Both groups completed a visual probe task before and after cue exposure to assess changes in attentional bias. Analyses revealed no group differences in mean craving or mean attentional bias before or after cue exposure. Further, exploratory analyses revealed no sex differences in our measures of craving or attentional bias. For Group LE, but not Group SE, within-session changes in craving positively predicted within-session changes in attentional bias. However, further analyses revealed that this relationship was significant only for women in the LE group. Implications for treatments that aim to reduce craving and/or attentional bias are discussed.
A method of fabricating a dual-post veneer crown

The fabrication method for a dual-post veneer crown described in this paper is a quick two-appointment procedure and is accuate, simpified, and indirect, encompassing most of the principles of good design.
SU-F-J-88: Comparison of Two Deformable Image Registration Algorithms for CT-To-CT Contour Propagation

Purpose: To compare the contour propagation accuracy of two deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms in the Raystation treatment planning system – the “Hybrid” algorithm based on image intensities and anatomical information; and the “Biomechanical” algorithm based on linear anatomical elasticity and finite element modeling. Methods: Both DIR algorithms were used for CT-to-CT deformation for 20 lung radiation therapy patients that underwent treatment plan revisions. Deformation accuracy was evaluated using landmark tracking to measure the target registration error (TRE) and inverse consistency error (ICE). The deformed contours were also evaluated against physician drawn contours using Dice similarity coefficients (DSC). Contour propagation was qualitatively assessed using a visual quality score assigned by physicians, and a refinement quality score (0<RQS<1) assigned by dosimetrists based on the extent of manual refinement needed for acceptable quality. Results: Both algorithms showed similar ICE ( 0.9 for lungs, > 0.85 for heart, > 0.8 for liver) and similar qualitative assessments (VQS 0.75 for lungs). When anatomical structures were used to control the deformation, the DSC improved more significantly for the biomechanical DIR compared to the hybrid DIR, while the VQS and RQS improved only for the controlling structures. However, while the inclusion of controlling structures improved the TRE for the hybrid DIR, it increased the TRE for the biomechanical DIR. Conclusion: The hybrid DIR was found to perform slightly better than the biomechanical DIR based on lower TRE while the DSC, VQS, and RQS studies yielded comparable results for both. The use of controlling structures showed considerable improvement in the hybrid DIR results and is recommended for clinical use in contour propagation.
ParLearning 2016 Keynote

Summary form only given. Non Obvious Relationship Analysis (NORA) is one of the most stressing classes of Big Data Analytics problems. This talks extends an earlier paper on scaling such problems on a variety of highly parallel architectures, including a newly emerging one that supports mobile threads within a large PGAS memory. Each step of this implementation is sized in terms of how much of four different resources (CPU, memory, disk, and network) might be used. From this, a parameterized model projecting both execution time and utilizations is used to identify the “tall poles” in performance. A “thought experiment” then uses this model to discover the parameters of a system that would provide both a near 100X speedup, but with a balanced design where no resource is badly over or underutilized.
Preoperative preparation of the patient with myocardial ischemia

Summary The preoperative management of the patient with coronary artery disease should be focused on optimizing the balance of myocardial oxygen supply to myocardial oxygen demand. This usually involves slowing the heart rate, decreasing systolic arterial pressure while maintaining diastolic arterial pressure, treating any aspect of heart failure, particularly if a dilated ventricle is produced, and allaying the fears and anxieties of the patient, which will only unbalance the myocardial oxygen supply and demand equation. Careful assessment of the patient's history, physical condition, laboratory studies, and the planned surgical procedure permit a certain degree of prediction of risk. This risk prediction also permits planned anesthetic and postanesthetic monitoring to maximize the chances of a smooth perioperative course.
Sea Level Change: Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts

The coast was among the first of the earth’s environments to be subjected to human modification; modification that was both direct and indirect, as it is today. During the last 4.000 to 5.000 years, human impacts on the coast were at what was basically a stable sea level. Because many of the modifications were made to protect against unusual events such as typhoons and tsunami, humans developed a variety of techniques for protecting shorelines. Recent calculations that a rapid sea level rise (in response to greenhouse warming) is imminent, has prompted concerned efforts at meeting the socio-economic impacts that are likely to occur. These impacts, rather than being localized and temporary as has been true in the recent past, are likely to be universal and long-lasting.
Pope’s Fashionable Hand Book

In this remarkable account of the physical and mental effects worked upon him by his efforts to translate Homer’s Iliad, the twenty-four-year-old Pope writes to his friend John Caryll of a trance-like state in which the “Moving Power [of] Fancy” renders him physically torpid, the mind is “in the Whirle of its giddy motion,” and reality and fantasy are become indistinguishable. The power of Fancy is likened to the otherworldly transports that arise from witches’ Sabbaths and is thereby associated with the occult, the forbidden, the enchanted realm of moral disorder. Before indulging this conceit of himself as a “witch whose Carcase lies motionless” in the throes of a demonic poetic fancy, Pope imagines himself as “the picture of January in an old Salisbury Primer.” He pictures himself, that is, as an engraving in a devotional manual. This identification of poetic activity with book illustration will recur in Pope’s correspondence and public comments, as in the recollection to Joseph Spence in which he ties his beginnings as a poet to his reading of Ogilby’s translation of Homer (“that great edition with pictures”) and Sandys’ translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, both seventeenth-century editions famous for their lavish woodcut illustrations. Such comments—brief and allusive but key accounts for Pope of the origins of imaginative activity and poetic production—suggest that his mastery of the techniques of eighteenth-century high print culture arises in part from his beginnings as a consumer of texts and images in books of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Whose city? Civic government and episcopal power in early modern Salisbury, c.1590–1640†

This article examines jurisdictional disputes between the city of Salisbury and its bishops in the Elizabethan and early Stuart period, showing how debates over local control articulated broader ideas of order in the state. The civic leadership identified itself closely with the monarch in its bid for incorporation, arguing that prosperity and peace could only be achieved in this way. The bishops, in contrast, claimed that their own traditional authority over the city was the surest means of order, an argument that gained greater purchase under Charles I. Local actors could shape relations between themselves and the crown, but their success rested finally on the monarch's willingness to trust them to maintain the royal state.
Successful Endoscopic Treatment of Bouveret Syndrome in a Patient with Choledochoduodenal Fistula Complicating Duodenal Ulcer.

Introduction. Cholecystoduodenal fistulas represent the most common type of bilioenteric fistulas while choledochoduodenal fistulas account for only 1–25% of cases. Bilioenteric fistula cases are associated with cholelithiasis and are rarely associated with duodenal peptic ulcers. Here we present the first case of Bouveret syndrome secondary to choledochoduodenal fistula complicating peptic duodenal ulcer managed successfully via endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy. Case. 86-year-old male with a medical history significant for coronary artery disease and stage 3 colorectal cancer status after resection and chemoradiation presented with intractable sharp abdominal pain worse postprandially for one week in duration, associated with early satiety, anorexia, and 5 lbs weight loss in one week. CT abdomen showed possible choledochoduodenal fistula and a distended stomach. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed revealing a large 2.5–3 cm stone lodged in the duodenal bulb at the base of duodenal ulcer with a fistula opening beneath it. The stone was extracted in 2 pieces via mechanical lithotripsy. Endoscopic ultrasound of the CBD revealed Rigler’s triad. Conclusion. Bouveret syndrome is mostly associated with cholecystoduodenal fistula and has high mortality and morbidity due to underlying comorbid conditions and elderly age. Patients are not always fit for surgical management, and endoscopic management is not always successful.
A Template Matching Model for Nuclear Segmentation in Digital Images of H&E Stained Slides

Pathology has become increasingly more reliant on digital imaging as a means for viewing, sharing, and archiving slides, and as an essential first step for the application of advanced image analysis to support cancer diagnostics. In H&E stained tissue, cell nuclei are especially prominent, and their shapes, staining attributes, and distributions within the tissue serve as important diagnostic and prognostic features. Therefore, the ability to accurately identify and segment nuclei from other tissue structures is paramount toward developing a reliable analytical tool. We developed an algorithm that rapidly identifies candidate nuclei and segments them in a manner that retains much of the shape information and location precision. The algorithm uses color analysis, template matching based on shape, and clump splitting to demarcate individual nuclei and to segregate overlapping nuclei. Given its speed and relative simplicity, this method is especially amenable to processing large image regions at high magnification, making high throughput and on-demand analysis realizable.
Preventable and mitigable adverse events in cancer care: Measuring risk and harm across the continuum.

BACKGROUND Patient safety is a critical concern in clinical oncology, but the ability to measure adverse events (AEs) across cancer care is limited by a narrow focus on treatment-related toxicities. The objective of this study was to assess the nature and extent of AEs among cancer patients across inpatient and outpatient settings. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 400 adult patients selected by stratified random sampling who had breast (n = 128), colorectal (n = 136), or lung cancer (n = 136) treated at a comprehensive cancer center in 2012. Candidate AEs, or injuries due to medical care, were identified by trained nurse reviewers over the course of 1 year from medical records and safety-reporting databases. Physicians determined the AE harm severity and the likelihood of preventability and harm mitigation. RESULTS The 400-patient sample represented 133,358 days of follow-up. Three hundred four AEs were identified for an overall rate of 2.3 events per 1000 patient days (91.2 per 1000 inpatient days and 0.9 per 1000 outpatient days). Thirty-four percent of the patients had 1 or more AEs (95% confidence interval, 29%-39%), and 16% of the patients had 1 or more preventable or mitigable AEs (95% confidence interval, 13%-20%). The AE rate for patients with breast cancer was lower than the rate for patients with colorectal or lung cancer (P ≤ .001). The preventable or mitigable AE rate was 0.9 per 1000 patient days. Six percent of AEs and 4% of preventable AEs resulted in serious harm. Examples included lymphedema, abscess, and renal failure. CONCLUSIONS A heavy burden of AEs, including preventable or mitigable events, has been identified. Future research should examine risk factors and improvement strategies for reducing their burden. Cancer 2017;123:4728-4736. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Occult lawn mower projectile injury presenting with hemoptysis

Abstract We present the case of a 72-year-old man with hemoptysis after a thoracic projectile injury, which occurred while mowing the lawn. Chest radiograph followed by a computed tomography angiogram revealed a metallic foreign body in the right middle lobe of the lung. The patient underwent a right anterolateral thoracotomy where the object was successfully retrieved. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery.
Theory of first-stage ignition delay in hydrocarbon NTC chemistry

Abstract The first-stage ignition delay of n-heptane/air mixtures is computationally studied using detailed mechanism and theoretically studied using eigenvalue analysis of simplified systems. Results show that the delay has a turnover behavior as temperature increases, being dominated by the competition of low-temperature branching and termination channels as well as the competition of forward and reverse reaction channels. As temperature increases to the intermediate range, the termination and reverse pathways result in a minimum in the delay, the state of which is theoretically derived. Simple analytical solutions for the delay as well as the species evolutions are presented to identify the rate constants that control the first-stage ignition and quantify the influence of the mixture composition, initial temperature and system pressure. It is further demonstrated that the above results also hold for n-octane/air and iso-octane/air mixtures.
Lipoxygenase inChlorella pyrenoidosa

The presence of lipoxygenase enzyme is observed when cells ofChlorella pyrenoidosa are homogenized under anaerobic conditions. This is the first report of this enzyme in a lower form of plant life. The major product ofChlorella lipoxygenase with linoleic acid as substrate is 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid.
Epidemiological trends among preterm infants with apnea. A twelve-year database review.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to characterize trends in the diagnosis of apnea, associated comorbidities and complications, and 30-day readmission rates in preterm singleton infants. Subjects and methods The study design was a retrospective, longitudinal, observational study. 2003–2014 New York State Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System and New York City Vital Statistics databases were merged identifying preterm live singleton births. Hospitalizations of preterm newborns with and without apnea were compared; multivariable logistic regression and log-linear Poisson regression models applied. Results Of 1,384,013 singleton births, 7.5% were identified as preterm. While relative risk of preterm birth rates declined (RR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.982–0.991), the diagnosis of apnea increased significantly (RR = 1.069, 95% CI = 1.049–1.089). Multivariable analysis identified two apnea predictors, gastric reflux (OR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.80–3.63) and early gestational age (OR = 0.83 for 1 week GA increase, 95% CI = 0.82–0.84). Preterm newborns with apnea were more likely to be readmitted within the first 30 days and total charges were 5.4 times higher. Conclusions While the preterm birth rate has declined the rate of diagnosis of apnea with associated comorbidities and complications has increased. Given the additional findings of higher 30-day readmission rates and charges, more multidisciplinary research appears warranted to identify ways to optimize the quality of high risk newborn care.
The ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 can activate osteoblast and odontoblast differentiation in mineralized tissues.

Bone and dentin development requires temporal and spatial deposition of calcium phosphate mineral. A host of proteins works in concert to contribute to this tightly regulated process while malfunct...
Inference for Heavy-Tailed Data: Applications in Insurance and Finance

Heavy tailed data appears frequently in social science, internet traffic, insurance and finance. Statistical inference has been studied for many years, which includes recent bias-reduction estimation for tail index and high quantiles with applications in risk management, empirical likelihood based interval estimation for tail index and high quantiles, hypothesis tests for heavy tails, the choice of sample fraction in tail index and high quantile inference. These results for independent data, dependent data, linear time series and nonlinear time series are scattered in different statistics journals. Inference for Heavy-Tailed Data Analysis puts these methods into a single place with a clear picture on learning and using these techniques.Contains comprehensive coverage of new techniques of heavy tailed data analysisProvides examples of heavy tailed data and its usesBrings together, in a single place, a clear picture on learning and using these techniques
Epilog: Preventing Complications in Refractive Surgery — Present and Future

There are two approaches to dealing with complications in refractive surgery, avoid them and manage them. This textbook by Alio and colleagues presents a breadth and depth of information in managing complications. I emphasize here the general principles of avoiding complications.
The Effects of Computerized Triage on Nurse Work Behavior

The complex work processes and communication patterns exhibited in Emergency Medicine may be effectively managed through the use of information technology. These tools must be evaluated within the work environment to understand their effects on work flow, information flow, and patient safety. In this study the efficiency of the Emergency Department triage process was evaluated pre- and post- implementation of a computerized triage system. Time-and-motion analyses revealed no changes in triage documentation time; however, the duration of interruptions and the number of tasks decreased significantly.
Effects of Temperature and Day Length on Daily Movements and Home Range of Glaucomys volans (Southern Flying Squirrel) in the Northeastern United States

To maximize energy gained and minimize energy expended, animals should forage in a manner that gives them the largest benefit at the lowest cost. Species living in seasonal environments in the northeastern US, such as the Glaucomys volans (Southern Flying Squirrel), need to overcome high energetic demands associated with thermoregulation and food availability. In this study, we measured nightly travelled distance and home range of Southern Flying Squirrel to understand how they adapt to changes in temperature and day length. Our results showed that Southern Flying Squirrel travelled longer distances and expanded their home range in warmer temperatures and longer day-lengths. Our study contributes to our understanding of how animals adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions in the northeastern United States.
DiPhiSeq: robust comparison of expression levels on RNA-Seq data with large sample sizes.

MOTIVATION In the analysis of RNA-Seq data, detecting differentially expressed (DE) genes has been a hot research area in recent years and many methods have been proposed. DE genes show different average expression levels in different sample groups, and thus can be important biological markers. While generally very successful, these methods need to be further tailored and improved for cancerous data, which often features quite diverse expression in the samples from the cancer group, and this diversity is much larger than that in the control group. RESULTS We propose a statistical method that can detect not only genes that show different average expressions, but also genes that show different diversities of expressions in different groups. These 'differentially dispersed' genes can be important clinical markers. Our method uses a redescending penalty on the quasi-likelihood function, and thus has superior robustness against outliers and other noise. Simulations and real data analysis demonstrate that DiPhiSeq outperforms existing methods in the presence of outliers, and identifies unique sets of genes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION DiPhiSeq is publicly available as an R package on CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/package=DiPhiSeq. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Abstract WMP116: Acute Infarct Volume in Childhood Stroke Can Be Accurately Estimated by Modelling Contraction of Chronic Infarction

Introduction: Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) occurs in 1-2 children/100,000/year. Most children have neurologic deficits post-AIS, but the influence of infarct volume on neurologic outcome is under...
The Comparative Effects of Two Cognitive Interventions Among Older Adults Residing in Retirement Communities

This study examined the effectiveness of two commercially available cognitive interventions to enhance memory performance among older adults, an adaptive computerized program, Dakim BrainFitness, and a non-adaptive program of pencil-and-paper exercises, Mind Your Mind. Older adults were randomized to Dakim BrainFitness (n = 18), Mind Your Mind (n = 17), or a control (n = 17) condition. Memory outcomes were administered at baseline and post-training. Analyses included 52 older adults with an average age of 82 years old who completed baseline and post-training visits. The Dakim BrainFitness program improved memory as indicated by one measure of immediate recall and both indices of delayed recall (ps .05). Dakim BrainFitness training showed potential effectiveness to improve some aspects of memory, while the Mind Your Mind program did not. The effectiveness of different types of cognitive interventions varies. Investigations to delineate the underlying mechanisms of effective techniques are needed.
Ketamine Infusion Therapy

Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with an enormous spectrum of indications across anesthesiology, critical care, emergency medicine, pain medicine, and psychiatry. Specific indications supported by the literature include acute surgical pain of moderate-to-severe intensity, especially in those patients who are opioid tolerant or with known obstructive sleep apnea; chronic pain, especially in the context of neuropathic states such as complex regional pain syndrome and spinal cord injury; mood disorders, especially treatment-resistant depression; and as adjunct therapy for opioid taper. Side effects are largely related to its activity as an indirect sympathomimetic, and include bronchodilation, tachycardia and hypertension, and hallucinations or vivid dreams, among others; at the subanesthetic doses relevant to this review, ketamine is generally well-tolerated. Although there is enormous variability in dosing strategies present in the literature, baseline recommendations for dosing and patient monitoring are presented within.
Optimal Secure Control With Linear Temporal Logic Constraints

Prior work on automatic control synthesis for cyber-physical systems under logical constraints has primarily focused on environmental disturbances or modeling uncertainties, however, the impact of deliberate and malicious attacks has been less studied. In this paper, we consider a discrete-time dynamical system with a linear temporal logic (LTL) constraint in the presence of an adversary, which is modeled as a stochastic game. We assume that the adversary observes the control policy before choosing an attack strategy. We investigate two problems. In the first problem, we synthesize a robust control policy for the stochastic game that maximizes the probability of satisfying the LTL constraint. A value iteration based algorithm is proposed to compute the optimal control policy. In the second problem, we focus on a subclass of LTL constraints, which consist of an arbitrary LTL formula and an invariant constraint. We then investigate the problem of computing a control policy that minimizes the expected number of invariant constraint violations while maximizing the probability of satisfying the arbitrary LTL constraint. We characterize the optimality condition for the desired control policy. A policy iteration based algorithm is proposed to compute the control policy. We illustrate the proposed approaches using two numerical case studies.
The Biblical Critic as Collector

This chapter examines the subjective nature of collecting, particularly as it pertains to the Museum’s accumulation of biblical manuscripts and the biblical critic’s scientific quest for the “original” biblical text in the late nineteenth century. I contend that for both the British Museum’s Department of Manuscripts and the modern textual biblical critic, collecting biblical manuscripts was rooted in a Western/European impulse to possess objects in order to construct alternative worlds. Among the primary textual biblical critics this chapter contextualizes in this way is the renowned British New Testament scholar Brooke Foss Westcott. From here, this chapter examines how the British Museum was the nation’s collector par excellence of biblical manuscripts and hence poised to fulfill Westcott’s textual collecting needs. At issue here is how Westcott’s collecting world had to adjust to the collecting universe of the British Museum—sometimes in ways that incited Westcott’s disgruntlement.
A neuromorphic GAN system for intelligent computing on edge

Recently, artificial intelligence has gained great success in moving toward to edge devices. However, the involved deep neural network (DNN) computations which extremely resource-intensive and power-hungry became a big challenge to the edge computing. The programmable ReRAM based neuromorphic engine opened an opportunity for efficient DNN computing; however, memory utilization and communication latency in the training process implementation is still significant in the current research, and as yet, unmet challenges. The problem becomes more severe in DNN with complex training process such as the generative adversarial network (GAN) which is widely adopted in the intelligence computing on edge. In this work, we target to solve these challenges by designing an efficient GAN computing system on ReRAM neuromorphic engine with a online training framework and an optimized backward computation and a cross-parallel computation flow to execute the training process efficiently. The system performance is evaluated and compared with traditional GPU accelerator, and our results show 2.8x speedup and 6.1x energy-saving.