cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Duodenal lesions associated with adenovirus infection in athymic "nude" mice.

AbstractType 1 mouse adenovirus has been associated generally with nonlethal infections in adult mice. In contrast, athymic (nude) adult mice developed a lethal wasting disease following inoculation with type 1 mouse adenovirus (Strain FL). A characteristic duodenal hemorrhage occurred in the diseased mice immediately before death. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in mucosal cells of the villi and crypts of the duodenum. Intranuclear adenovirus particles were observed in endothelial cells of the villi indicating that adenovirus replication was associated with the characteristic duodenal lesion. These observations indicate that type 1 mouse adenovirus should be considered as a candidate virus in the wasting disease syndrome of athymic (nude) mice.
Emergency department staffing to improve patient management

The emergency department records at the St. Louis County Hospital were reviewed for 1973, 1974, and 1975. The distribution of patients was considered by the day of the week and hour of the day. For the three year period, the daily average showed that one third of patients had been seen by 2:36 pm and two thirds by 8:14 pm. An analysis of peak patient load showed the first peak was around 11:00 am and the second, a higher peak, around 7:00 pm. By day of the week, more patients were seen on Tuesday and Saturday. Using data from such an analysis, emergency department personnel can devise an appropriate staffing pattern for their own situation.
Quadrupole mass filters with bent or bowed rod sets

Abstract The acceptance of ions by quadrupole mass filters with small longitudinal distortions is calculated. The rod sets are assumed to be bowed out or bent in at the centre. It is shown that quite small geometrical deviations (δ r 0 / r 0 ∼ 10 −3 ) can have significant effects for slow-moving ions under high-resolution conditions. Bowed rod sets tend to produce mass peaks with shoulders or satellites on the high-mass side and those bent inwards give structures on the low-mass side. The predicted characteristics are qualitatively similar to those frequently observed experimentally as performance is pushed to high levels.
An extension of the multivariate component-resolution method to three components

Abstract The extension of the multivariate curve resolution theory presented is based on the minimum assumptions of non-negativity of sensor responses and non-negativity of quantities of components, as given by Lawton and Sylvestre. The theory is explicitly given for three components, while the algorithms developed may potentially be extended to the more general n -component case. The analytical solution to the problem of defining the physically permitted regions for the sensor responses (“spectra”) or quantity profiles of pure components is given. Implementations of the algorithms developed are used for finding the permitted ranges of the pure component spectra from mixture spectra. Extensions of the minimal assumption theory are suggested.
Carbonyl atmospheric reaction products of aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air

Abstract To convert gaseous carbonyls to oximes during sampling, an XAD-4 resin denuder system pre-coated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and followed by analysis with methane positive chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to measure carbonyls in ambient air samples in Riverside, CA. In conjunction with similar analyses of environmental chamber OH radical-initiated reactions of o- and p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone and 1,4-butanediol, we identified benzaldehyde, o-, m- and p-tolualdehyde and acetophenone and the dicarbonyls glyoxal, methylglyoxal, biacetyl, ethylglyoxal, 1,4-butenedial, 3-hexene-2,5-dione, 3-oxo-butanal, 1,4-butanedial and malonaldehyde in the ambient air samples. As discussed, these carbonyls and dicarbonyls can be formed from the OH radical-initiated reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere, and we conclude that in situ atmospheric formation is a major source of these carbonyls in our Riverside, CA, ambient air samples.
Shell-model predictions for unique parity yrast configurations of odd-mass deformed nuclei

Abstract Features of a proposed shell-model coupling scheme for high-spin, unique parity states of odd-mass nuclei are investigated. Valence nucleons are assumed to be distributed among normal parity orbitals of a major shell and a unique parity intruder level. Basis states are built by weak coupling the leading configuration of each, the necessary further truncation being achieved by restricting the subspace configurations to leading representations of pseudo SU(3) for the normal parity space and quasispin for the unique parity part. The appearance of ΔI = 2 (stretched) and ΔI = 1 (ordered) band sequences is shown in lowest order to be a simple function of the number of particles in the unique parity orbital and their isospin and the background deformation provided by the normal parity part of the structure. Results of a simple model study which elucidates properties of the bands including energies, odd particle alignment, E2 and M1 rates and static moments are presented. Finally a survey of the experimental data that supports the model predictions is presented.
A mixed integer flowsheet optimization strategy for process retrofits—the debottlenecking problem

Abstract The redesign or retrofit of chemical processes has gained much attention over the past decade. Because of the presence of existing equipment, the retrofit problem can be much more difficult to deal with than new or “grassroots” designs. In this study we present a systematic strategy for dealing with a restricted class of retrofit problems termed “debottlenecking problems.” Here the functional topology of the flowsheet remains the same but individual units can be replaced or modified in order to accommodate the retrofit. This debottlenecking strategy can be described in three stages. First, inequality constraints or operating windows are added to conventional process simulation design models to describe the performance of existing equipment. Next, a flowsheet optimization is performed to identify the process bottlenecks through binding constraints on existing equipment. Finally, a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) strategy is applied to relax binding constraints through addition or modification of process equipment. Properties of the MINLP can be exploited to easily determine the scope for the retrofit before solving the entire MINLP. This approach is applied to the retrofit of an ammonia process. Here various limits on capital expenditure can be imposed as part of the MINLP formulation, and the strategy automatically selects units for modification or replacement. Results on this example show almost three to four million dollar increases in venture profit with a capital investment as low as $100,000.
Numerical modelling of Hawaiian geothermal resources

Abstract This paper describes the numerical modelling effort currently being carried out in the Hawaii Geothermal Project. The problems of convective heat transfer occurring in confined and unconfined geothermal island reservoirs are discussed. The effects of geothermal heating and the withdrawal of fluids on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics are shown.
Analysis of a Critical Pathway in Osteoplastic Flap for Frontal Sinus Obliteration

Objectives: A critical pathway was applied to patients undergoing osteoplastic flap (OPF) for frontal sinus obliteration to determine whether efficiency could be improved. Study Design: A retrospective review of consecutive OPF procedures (n = 51) performed between 1992 and July 1997 was conducted. Methods: The patient groups were subdivided into those who underwent OPF alone and those who had endoscopic sinus procedures performed in addition to OPF. Comparisons were made between the precritical pathway and post-critical pathway groups, specifically noting operative time, total operating room (OR) time, estimated blood loss (EBL), length of hospital stay, and costs. We used a critical pathway that was developed for endoscopic sinus procedures at our institution through a multidisciplinary team approach. Preoperative evaluation and testing, intraoperative equipment and medications, and postoperative care including follow-up clinic visits were all standardized. An unpaired, two-tailed Student t test was used to evaluate the data. Results: Statistically significant (P <.05) reductions in operative times, total OR time, EBL, and length of hospital stay were observed in the post-critical pathway group who underwent endoscopic sinus procedures as well as OPF. Costs to the OR were reduced 29% and 15% for OPF and for OPF with endoscopic surgery, respectively. Patient costs were reduced 5% and 4% in these groups, respectively. Conclusions: With implementation of effective critical pathways, significant decreases in length of stay are seen, and cost reductions can be realized through the improved efficiency, shortened OR times, and decreases in redundancy of ordering materials.
Regional pancreatectomy for cancer of the pancreas, ampulla and other related sites

Regional pancreatectomy refers to an en bloc removal of a tumor in or adjacent to the pancreas with an adequate soft tissue margin and with its regional lymphatic drainage. The pancreatic segment of portal vein is part of the en bloc resection with venous reconstruction by end-to-end anastomosis without a graft. This operation, called a Type I regional pancreatectomy, may utilize either a total or subtotal removal of the pancreas. Localized arterial involvement by a neoplasm necessitates adding a segmental resection of the artery with vascular reconstruction, a Type II procedure. Sixty-one patients have had this procedure from 1972 through December 1982. Thirty-four patients had an infiltrating duct adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, 22 had other malignant tumors, 4 were classified as having pancreatitis, and a fifth had a pseudolymphoma. The resectability rate is about 30 per cent. The present operative mortality rate is 4 per cent by 30 days and 8 per cent after 30 days. One-third of the patients are presently alive; 45 per cent of the 22 patients with malignant tumors other than infiltrating duct adenocarcinoma of the pancreas are alive with a median survival time of 391/2 months ranging from 3 to 92 months. More than 80 per cent of patients with infiltrating duct adenocarcinoma of the pancreas had advanced stage of the disease (T3 or T4 and Stage II or III cancers); twenty-one per cent are presently alive, 29 per cent died of recurrent disease, and 24 per cent died of other causes. The optimal treatment for patients with cancers in the region of the head of the pancreas is a regional subtotal pancreatectomy Type I or Type II followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.
Electric Dipole Model and Computer Simulation of the Fracture Behavior of a Conductive Crack in a Dielectric Material

Fracture tests on poled and depoled lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics indicate that purely electric fields are able to propagate the conductive cracks (notches) and fracture the samples. To understand the fracture behavior of conducting cracks in ferroelectric ceramics, an electric dipole model is proposed, in which a discrete electric dipole is used to represent the local spontaneous polarization and the force couples are used to represent the local strains. The electric dipole model provides basic solutions for microstructural modeling. The microstructural modeling is based on a domain switching mechanism. The domain structure is simulated with a grid of points where polarizations and strains vary with the applied loads. As a first step study, the microstructural modeling is conducted for a dielectric material with a conductive crack. The simulation result explains why the electric fracture toughness is much higher than the mechanical fracture toughness.
Substance P-Immunoreactive Cells in the Ovine Pars Tuberalis

The pars tuberalis (PT) is a distinct subdivision of the anterior pituitary gland that plays a central role in regulating seasonal prolactin release. In sheep, there is compelling evidence that seasonal changes in light, transformed into a melatonin signal, are interpreted by the PT to modulate the release of a factor which affects prolactin release. The identity of this factor(s) is unknown but has been preemptively called ‘tuberalin’. In the present study, we report on an initial immunocytochemical investigation where we have identified that many ovine PT cells are immunoreactive for the tachykinin substance P (SP). Few cells in the pars distalis immunoreact for SP. The SP-immunoreactive cells did not colocalize with β-luteinizing hormone. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of preprotachykinin A mRNA in the PT. We hypothesize that SP, and possibly other preprotachykinin A-derived tachykinins, may play a role in the seasonal regulation of prolactin secretion in sheep.
In situ TEM monitoring of thermal decomposition in individual boron nitride nanotubes

The future of microelectronic and nanoelectronics devices could lie in one-dimensional nanomaterials including boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). In such applications, however, the flow of electrical current may induce structural failure resulting in reduction of component Service life. Here, we utilized scanning tunneling microscopy inside a transmission electron microscope to study the thermal failure of individual multi-walled BNNTs via Joule heating. At elevated temperatures, the nanotube failed by the formation of amorphous nanoclusters and progression of structural defects. These Clusters have various sizes and initially form on the outermost shell layers of BNNTs.
The Pursuit of Quality: A Look Into the Future of CACREP

This is a look into the future of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). A brief review summarizes the context in which it will find itself in the next decade. Two primary issues that must be addressed should serve as the basis for changes. First, what are the societal needs that counselors will be required to address? Second, what preparation is appropriate for counselors to meet these needs? Suggested changes with supporting rationale are discussed for the preparation standards, the board structure, and relationships with other accreditation agencies. CACREP has made significant contributions to the counseling profession and to society.
Tectonic Setting of the Northeastern Reading Prong

The Reading Prong is one of the major areas of exposure of Precambrian crystalline rocks in the north-central Appalachians. The extent of its participation in early Paleozoic tectonic activity has long been controversial. Although work by Drake (1969) has shown that the southwestern portion of the prong is characterized by a series of allochthonous Precambrian slices that overlie lower Paleozoic rocks, no evidence to support significant overthrusting of Precambrian rocks is found in the northeastern segment of the prong. In this area, geophysical and geological data indicate that the tectonic setting of the Precambrian rocks is a result of several periods of large-scale basement uplift along northeast-trending, high-angle faults. These data further suggest that the regional configuration of the northeastern Reading Prong was established prior to the Taconic orogeny.
QCD spectrum with three quark flavors

We present results from a lattice hadron spectrum calculation using three flavors of dynamical quarks --- two light and one strange---and quenched simulations for comparison. These simulations were done using a one-loop Symanzik improved gauge action and an improved Kogut-Susskind quark action. The lattice spacings, and hence also the physical volumes, were tuned to be the same in all the runs to better expose differences due to flavor number. Lattice spacings were tuned using the static quark potential, so as a by-product we obtain updated results for the effect of sea quarks on the static quark potential. We find indications that the full QCD meson spectrum is in better agreement with experiment than the quenched spectrum. For the ${0}^{++}$ ${(a}_{0})$ meson we see a coupling to two pseudoscalar mesons, or a meson decay on the lattice.
Syntagmatic constraints on insertion

This paper argues that the availability of exponents for insertion is restricted not only by their morpho-syntactic feature specification but, in addition, by an accessibility relation holding within a marker inventory: The exponent inserted at step n constrains the set of exponents competing for insertion at step n+1. The proposal is applied to a number of phenomena that have previously been dealt with by stipulating designated post-syntactic operations that modify the syntactically determined feature sets before morphological exponence is determined. Apparent mismatches between syntactically motivated feature specifications and morphological exponence are treated as the result of the accessibility relation. The paper contains analyses of multiple exponence in Archi and Dumi, apparent feature insertion in Nimboran, and obligatory co-occurrence of exponents in Spanish clitics.
John Stuart Mill's Feminism: On Progress, the State, and the Path to Justice

The relationship between justice and the family is a difficult and often ignored issue in liberal theory. John Stuart Mill is one liberal theorist who tackled the issue, but his arguments about the matter are often misconstrued. Much of the debate about Mill's feminism turns on the role of the state in effecting moral and political change in society. Mill's critics focus on his minimal legal prescriptions, believing them to be insufficient for achieving justice and equality in any meaningful sense. His supporters point to how much he expected the rigidity of gender roles to weaken for the better, which, in their view, suggests Mill envisioned a large role for the state in bringing about this change. Both views overlook a central tenet in Mill's thought, which is that such shifts in values would come about only when the conditions for progress were in place. Although the state has an important role in creating the requisite conditions, it could not itself impose moral progress on its citizens. Progress is a political notion for Mill, but he did not narrowly conceive of politics as merely the business of the state. Progress also presupposes changes in the family, which explains why Mill thought equality and justice ought to be secured in the family and why he believed the family was instrumental in generating democratic values. Rawls, too, misconstrues Mill's feminism and liberalism by ignoring his conception of politics and his limited role for the state in ensuring justice. Mill has a more nuanced view of the boundaries of politics than most liberals, but allows a relatively narrow role for the state. The gap between these two is filled by his theory of progress.
On the computation of near wake, aerobrake flowfields

Simulations of the near wake flowfield behind three aerobrakes have been implemented with Program LAURA, an algorithm for obtaining the numerical solution to the governing equations for three-dimensional, viscous, hypersonic flows in chemical and thermal nonequilibrium. Emphasis is placed on understanding the conditons which are likely to cause the shear layer to impinge on a payload positioned behind the aerobrake. A linear relationship between shear layer deflection angle and angle of attack (or lift-to-drag ratio) has been identified in several ground based tests. A similar relation appears in the numerical simulations, though there is some evidence that deflection angels may increase somewhat due to the effects of gas chemistry. Shear layer impingement can raise local heating levels a factor of 10 higher than levels present without impingement. Payload heating levels near impingement points are a larger percentage of stagnation point heating levels at higher altitudes and peak payload heating levels are likely to occur earlier in the trajectory than peak heating on the forebody stagnation point.
Laboratory Measurement of Yield and Composition of Dry-Milled Corn Fractions Using a Shortened, Single-Stage Tempering Procedure

ABSTRACT The objective was to describe a laboratory-scale dry-milling procedure that used single-stage tempering and determine the effect of hybrid on yields and fraction compositions in milled corn. Samples of 11 commercially available hybrids were processed through a laboratory dry-milling procedure that used 1 kg samples of corn to produce milling fractions of large grits, small grits, fines, germ, and pericarp. Compositions of milling fractions (protein, neutral detergent fiber, ash, and crude fat) were determined. The procedure used a single-stage tempering step that increased corn moisture from 15 to 23.5% wb during an 18-min tempering period. Germ were separated from endosperm particles using a roller mill followed by screening over a sieve with 1.68-mm openings. Coefficients of variability were small, indicating acceptable repeatability. Overall yield means were 39.2, 25.3, 13.8, 78.2, 14.3, and 6.8 g/100 g (db) for large grits, small grits, fines, total endosperm, germ, and pericarp, respectively...
Paradoxes in antiretroviral treatment for injecting drug users: Access, adherence and structural barriers in Asia and the former Soviet Union

Offered proper support, injection drug users (IDUs) can achieve the same levels of adherence to and clinical benefit from antiretroviral treatment (ARV) as other patients with HIV. Nonetheless, in countries of Asia and the former Soviet Union where IDUs represent the largest share of HIV cases, IDUs have been disproportionately less likely to receive ARV. While analysis of adherence amongst IDUs has focused on individual patient ability to adhere to medical regimens, HIV treatment systems themselves are in need of examination. Structural impediments to provision of ARV for IDUs include competing, vertical systems of care; compulsory drug treatment and rehabilitation services that often offer neither ARV nor effective treatment for chemical dependence; lack of opiate substitution treatments demonstrated to increase adherence to ARV; and policies that explicitly or implicitly discourage ARV delivery to active IDUs. Labeling active drug users as socially untrustworthy or unproductive, health systems can create a series of paradoxes that ensure confirmation of these stereotypes. Needed reforms include professional education and public campaigns that emphasize IDU capacity for health protection and responsible choice; recognition that the chronic nature of injecting drug use and its links to HIV infection require development of ARV treatment delivery that includes active drug users; and integrated treatment that strengthens links between health providers and builds on, rather than seeks to bypass, IDU social networks and organizations.
Obesity, blood pressure, and renal sodium handling

A substantial body of work has been recently directed toward elucidation of the relationships between body weight, blood pressure, and renal and vascular function. In this review only a few of the myriad studies are highlighted in order to survey areas of current investigation and controversy. Epidemiologic studies have confirmed the blood pressure-body weight relationship but suggest a link to insulin resistance. The majority of investigative work in the mechanism and abnormalities in obesity and their link to blood pressure have focused on the kidney as the primary organ of interest. In addition to alterations in renal blood flow and function, the sympathetic nervous system has also been implicated. The role of the major adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been examined, as have the roles of bradykinin and leptin, the exiting new polypeptide thought to play a role in obesity.
Volcanological boron compounds

I wish to present what evidence we have as to the geochemistry of boron minerals as related to volcanological processes, or, in other words, what are the volcanological boron compounds? Volcanological processes, considered only as they apply to this question, may be grouped for present convenience as follows: (1) Extrusion of volcanic rocks; (2) volcanic exhalations including fumaroles and solfataras; (3) hot springs.
A tool for power and phase noise optimization in frequency synthesizers

In this paper, we present a CAD technique to design low-power and low phase noise integrated frequency synthesizers. This technique introduces a key parameter, Phase Noise per Unit Power, which correlates phase noise and power among all the sub-circuits in the frequency synthesizer. By correlating the performance of all the independent circuits together, sophisticated synthesizer design and optimization can be significantly simplified. We demonstrate a 1.8 GHz frequency synthesizer design in a 0.18 μm CMOS process achieving ?132 dBc/Hz phase noise at 100 kHz offset with less than 4.3 mW power consumption.
Nephrocalcinosis and pseudomonas aeruginosapyelonephritis: Treatment with p-aminomethylbenzene-sulfonamide (sulfamylon)

Summary A case of nephrocalcinosis complicated by persistent Ps. aeruginosa infectionis presented and the results of treatment with Sulfamylon discussed. That Sulfamylon has been effective seems to be evident by the repeated episodes of severe illness following withdrawal of this drug. During a period of two years in which Sulfamylon has been given in doses ranging from 6 to 12 Gm. per day, no appreciable toxic reactions have been observed, and the infecting organism has shown little tendency to develop resistance to this agent. Sulfamylon may cause severe acidosis due to base loss in the urine, especially in the presence of renal tubullar damage, and should be administered along with sufficient alkali to prevent this complication. For this purpose we have routinely employed a one molar solution of sodium lactate in doses ranging from 3 to 5 ml. per kilogram body weight per day, depending on the serum carbon-dioxide content.
Modeling Transit Rider Preferences for Contactless Bank Cards as Fare Media: Transport for London and the Chicago, Illinois, Transit Authority

Several transit agencies are considering the acceptance of contactless credit and debit cards directly at turnstiles and bus fareboxes. With the expertise and scale economies of the payments industry, agencies may reduce fare collection costs and improve regional interoperability and ease of use. Given these possible advantages, transit agencies want to understand rider demand for this new fare medium. Transit rider preferences for contactless bank cards were evaluated at two major public transit agencies, Transport for London and the Chicago Transit Authority in Illinois. Stated preference survey results from both transit agencies were analyzed, and discrete choice models for fare medium preference were used to assess factors influencing the demand for contactless bank cards. The results showed that approximately 33% of riders in London and 36% of riders in Chicago preferred contactless bank cards over current fare media. Although trends in ridership groups were not strong, a few key factors influenced t...
ZTP (5-amino 4-imidazole carboxamide riboside 5′-triphosphate): A proposed alarmone for 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate deficiency

Starvation of Salmonella typhimurium for folate in six different ways triggers the intracellular accumulation of a novel ribotide, 5-amino 4-imidazole carboxamide riboside 5'-triphosphate (ZTP). Numerous other starvations not involving folate do not cause ZTP to accumulate. We propose that ZTP is an alarmone for C-1-folate deficiency and present evidence that it is formed from ZMP, an intermediate in purine biosynthesis. ZMP accumulates rapidly in cells when 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, a substrate for ZMP transformylase, is depleted. We review previous evidence that Z-ribotides may be involved in physiological processes in many types of cells, including sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. We also discuss the implications of ZTP synthesis for chemotherapy and other pharmacological uses of antifolates and analogs of Z-ribosides.
Repulsive factors and axon regeneration in the CNS

During the past year, a major advance in the study of axon regeneration was the molecular cloning of Nogo. The expression of Nogo protein by CNS myelin may be a major factor in the failure of CNS axon regeneration. The effect of disrupting Nogo-dependent axon inhibition can now be studied conclusively. In related work, immunization with a Nogo-containing CNS myelin preparation was shown to promote regeneration and dramatic functional recovery after spinal cord trauma.
Bryophytes and ecological niche theory.

Classical niche theory, particularly in terms of competitive exclusion, does not appear to apply as well to bryophytes as to other organisms. Bryophyte communities, as well as those of other plants and of animals, can be thought of in terms of individual species each utilizing particular portions of various resource or habitat continua. Quantitative studies carried out since 1981, particularly those involving niche breadth and overlap, are reviewed. Special attention is given to niche diversification in Sphagnum, Splachnaceae, bryophyte communities in streams, and to ephemeral bryophyte communities. Some bryophyte communities appear to have equilibrium characteristics and to contain species with relatively narrow niche breadths and with no or only partial niche overlap. In many habitats, however, bryophyte communites have non-equilibrium characteristics and diversification of species in microhabitats is opportunistic. Do any bryophyte communities persist long enough for complete saturation by species which have realized niches determined by competitive interactions? Recent studies indicate that this is the case for at least some Sphagnum communities, but that it is the exception not the rule for bryophytes.
One-electron oxidation and reduction of sulfites and sulfinic acids in oxygenated media: The formation of sulfonyl and sulfuranyl peroxyl radicals

Bisulfite anions and sulfinic acids are shown by ESR spectroscopy to undergo reduction with radiolytically produced free electrons and oxidation by hole centers (Cl2•-) in a low-temperature aqueous LiCl glass. Electron-reduced intermediates display g anisotropy within the 2.010−2.002 range and are considered as neutral or singly deprotonated forms of sulfuranyl radicals (HO)3S•, (RO)2SOH•, and RS(OH)2•. The oxidized species produced by hole trapping are sulfite (SO3•-) and sulfonyl (RSO2•) radicals. Dialkyl sulfites scavenge free electrons only and are not oxidized by Cl2•-. Both oxidized and reduced intermediates add oxygen on annealing forming peroxyl radicals which are identified by their characteristic oxygen-17 hyperfine couplings. A large 100 G oxygen-17 coupling with the terminal oxygen atom found for oxidized sulfite−oxygen adduct -O3SOO• is in accord with its known high reactivity. Sulfuranyl peroxyls formed by the reductive pathway show lower 17O couplings (e.g., 90 G with terminal oxygens) and ...
Multi-species plant systems for wastewater quality improvements and habitat enhancement

The use of macrophytic plants for the treatment of municipal wastewater is growing rapidly. The Constructed Ecosystems Research Facility (CERF) is a joint project of the Pima County Wastewater Management Department and The University of Arizona9s Office of Arid Lands Studies. The facility consists of five 30-mil-hyperlon-lined raceways measuring 61 m long, 8.2 m wide, and 1.4 m deep and one slightly larger raceway. Research has been and is being conducted with aquatic plants such as water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ), duckweed ( Lemna spp.), giant reed ( Arundo donax ), bulrush ( Scirpus olneyi ), black willow ( Salix nigra ), and cottonwood ( Populus fremontii ). Composite water samplers are used to collect refrigerated samples from incoming secondary wastewater from Pima County9s Sewage Treatment Facility and from the effluent leaving each raceway. Water samples have been analyzed for parameters such as pH, BOD 5 , and total nitrogen. Microbiological studies have concentrated on the removal of indicator coliform bacteria, as well as Giardia , Cryptosporidium and viruses from the wastewater. Data from the water quality studies indicate that these constructed ecosystems reduce BOD 5 consistently to below the 10 mg/L BOD 5 tertiary standard, remove nitrogen as well as decrease the concentration of pathogens significantly.
Obstetric morbidity associated with amniotic sheets

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether amniotic sheets are associated with an increase in obstetric and neonatal morbidity. Methods Using a cohort study design, we identified all women with amniotic sheets, detected by a second-trimester ultrasound examination at a university hospital over a 6-year period. All women who received an ultrasound examination during that time, without a diagnosis of amniotic sheets, were also identified, and two women from among this group were randomly selected as controls for each case. Maternal and neonatal data were abstracted from the medical records, and maternal and neonatal morbidity were compared between the two groups. Results One hundred and twenty-two women with pregnancies with a diagnosis of amniotic sheets were identified and compared to 244 women with pregnancies without a diagnosis of amniotic sheets. Composite obstetric morbidity was higher in women with amniotic sheets: 21.3% vs. 8.2% (relative risk (RR) 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5–4.5). Additionally, in women with amniotic sheets, neonates were more likely to be born with a birth weight of < 2500 g (RR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.8–6.4) and were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3–4.3). There were no perinatal deaths observed in either group. Conclusion Amniotic sheets are associated with an increase in adverse obstetric outcomes. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newton algorithm for fitting transfer functions to frequency response measurements

In this paper the problem of synthesizing transfer functions from frequency response measurements is considered. Given a complex vector representing the measured frequency response of a physical system, a transfer function of specified order is determined that minimizes the sum of the magnitude-squared of the frequency response errors. This nonlinear least squares minimization problem is solved by an iterative global descent algorithm of the Newton type that converges quadratically near the minimum. The unknown transfer function is expressed as a sum of second-order rational polynomials, a parameterization that facilitates a numerically robust computer implementation. The algorithm is developed for single-input, single-output, causal, stable transfer functions. Two numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer: Seek and Ye Shall Find

Clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) is generally believed to cause no symptoms; for this reason early detection tests have been developed to identify PCa while it remains confined to the prostate. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as waking at night to void, increased daytime urinary frequency, hesitancy, or incomplete emptying are common symptoms that may be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) either through direct outlet obstruction or through increased smooth muscle tone creating a dynamic obstruction [1]. PCa and BPH/LUTS share many similarities: Both increase with age, are treated by a genitourinary specialist, have androgen-related growth patterns, and respond to androgen-deprivation therapy; in addition, mounting evidence suggests that both may be related to inflammation and obesity. In the current issue of European Urology ,W eight and colleagues [2] present a cohort analysis investigating the association of LUTS with PCa testing and diagnosis. The study population is 1922 men from the Olmsted County Study that was started in 1990 and followed prospectively for 20 yr. Associations between self-reported LUTS defined as American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index 7o r treatment (medical or surgical) for LUTS, and risk of subsequent prostate biopsy and PCa were estimated. The authors found that all participants treated for LUTS were more likely to undergo a prostate biopsy (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7–3.3) and to be diagnosed with PCa if they were 65 yr of age did not have a greater risk of being diagnosed with PCa. Men with self-reported LUTS but not having received medical or surgical treatment were neither more likely to undergo prostate biopsy nor to be diagnosed with PCa regardless of the severity of their symptoms. The excess risk of cancer found in men <65 yr of age was largely due to the presence of low-risk cancer, and most of the risk occurred in the immediate years following initiation of treatment for LUTS. The authors hypothesize that a younger man receiving treatment for his LUTS will interact with a physician more than a similar-age man not receiving treatment for LUTS. This interaction will lead to more screening and more detection of PCa; the authors conclude there is an increased diagnostic intensity among men whose LUTS come to the attention of physicians.
Inhibition of serum‐induced proliferation of bovine tracheal smooth muscle cells in culture by heparin and related glycosaminoglycans

1. The effect of heparin and related glycosaminoglycans on bovine airway smooth muscle proliferation has been investigated. 2. Foetal bovine serum stimulated division of bovine trachealis smooth muscle cells in a concentration-dependent fashion at concentrations between 1 and 30%. 3. Heparin (0.1-100 micrograms ml-1), heparan sulphate (0.1-100 micrograms ml-1) and fragmin (0.1-100 micrograms ml-1) inhibited smooth muscle division in a concentration-dependent fashion between 0.1-100 micrograms ml-1. A heparin disaccharide did not exhibit inhibition of division at 100 micrograms ml-1. 4. Dextran sulphate at molecular weights of 5 x 10(3) and 5 x 10(5) concentration-dependently inhibited division between 0.1-100 micrograms ml-1. Dextran without sulphation did not exhibit inhibition of division at 100 micrograms ml-1. 5. The magnitude of inhibition of proliferation did not reach 100% for any compounds examined at concentrations up to 100 micrograms ml-1 during incubations for 5 and 14 days. IC50 values for inhibition of proliferation ranged between 1-5 micrograms ml-1. 6. These findings suggest that heparin and related glycosaminoglycans inhibit bovine airway smooth muscle cell division.
Hot‐Grip Tensile Method for Alumina‐Fiber Testing

A new tensile test method has been developed for high-temperature testing of Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] fibers. The advantage of this technique is that it enables testing of ceramic fibers up to 1,500 C. while the entire sample, including the grips, is within the hot zone. The most critical stage in the entire testing procedure is the alignment of test specimen with respect to the loading axis. The success rate of this testing method is currently around 60%.
Globalization of the Union College engineering programs

Seventy percent or more of Union College engineering students have some type of international experience requiring travel to, and immersion in, a foreign culture before they graduate. Our goal has been, and continues to be, to have 100% of eligible students participate in an international experience. In the Class of 2007, 23% went on a non-engineering term abroad, 34% participated in an engineering exchange, and 13% went on a three-week mini-term program. An additional 18% met their international experience requirements by taking modern language courses. Previous classes have had up to 88% of the graduates participating in some type of program that required international travel. These numbers are among the highest percentages of any engineering programs in the country. This paper will provide details on how the Union College engineering programs maintain such a high rate of sending students abroad, to include a historical perspective on how international programs were developed and implemented, administrative and faculty support for international programs, advising, efforts to develop more programs specifically aimed at engineering students, and lessons learned and pitfalls to avoid.
Ammonia: the prototypical lone pair molecule

Abstract Benchmark results for a variety of energetic properties of the ammonia molecule are presented and discussed. We attempt to converge to the exact self-consistent field and correlation energies, using correlation consistent basis sets and coupled-cluster methods. Specific values include the heat of formation, the inversion barrier, and the protonation and deprotonation energy. We also use coupled-cluster gradient methods to obtain harmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities, and the new equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods to describe ammonia's photoelectron and electronic spectra. The latter considers both vertical and adiabatic excitation energies. For each example we present a brief summary of the theory applied, illustrating how it is the new theory that makes such applications possible, or simpler. All new calculations are performed with the aces-ii program system.
Alpha-Alpha Scattering at Low Energies

We have measured the differential cross section for the scattering of alpha particles in helium between laboratory angles of 10 and 80 degrees and in the energy range 150 kev to 3 Mev, using ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ions from our electrostatic generators. Below 400 kev no nuclear interaction occurs within the accuracy of the experiments (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%), and Mott's formula for the Coulomb scattering of identical zero-spin particles is verified in detail. Above 400 kev the nuclear $s$-wave interaction begins to contribute, starting at a phase shift ${K}_{0}$ near $\ensuremath{\pi}$, and smoothly decreasing with increasing energy to about 128 degrees at 3 Mev. Starting at 2.5 Mev, a small $d$-wave phase shift, ${K}_{2}$ is found necessary to account for the observed angular distributions, reaching a value of 2.5 degrees at 3 Mev. Absolute values of the cross sections were determined by fitting the relative angular distributions with the single parameter ${K}_{0}$ below 2 Mev, and by comparison with Rutherford scattering in argon above 2 Mev. The phase shift analysis was facilitated by a simple mechanical monograph described in Appendix III. A careful survey of the low-energy region containing the ground state of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$, and the absence of any measurable effect leads to a lower limit for the mean life of the ground state of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ sec. Combined with a recently established upper limit of 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ sec, this locates the lifetime to within a factor of twenty.
A tunable coherent CO2 lidar for measurements of atmospheric aerosol backscatter and attenuation

A coherent laser radar system using a grating-tunable, injection-locked TEA-CO2 transmitter is being used to measure the altitude dependence of atmospheric aerosol backscatter and attenuation at a variety of CO2 laser wavelengths in the 9-11 micron region. Injection control of the TEA-CO2 laser allows one to obtain Single-Longitudinal-Mode (SLM) pulses which will follow the frequency of the injected radiation if the TEA laser cavity length is adjusted so that a cavity resonance is in proximity with the injected signal frequency, and if various additional conditions are satisfied. Requirements for generation of SLM pulses in this manner from a TEA CO2 laser with an unstable resonator cavity will be discussed. Procedures used for quantitative range-gated measurements of aerosol backscatter and attenuation will also be discussed.
Associative clustering in the recall of children as a function of verbal association strength

Two experiments were designed to demonstrate the influence of free association strength on the recall of fourth grade Ss. The list for Exp. I included 15 highly associated word-pairs, randomly presented along with 6 filler words. Sixty Ss recalled significantly more associative clusters than randomly selected clusters. Clustering was apparent in both S-R and R-S directions and the amount of clustering paralleled the mean forward and reverse associative strengths based upon fourth grade word association norms. In Exp. II the 30 test words were composed of 5 high, 5 medium, and 5 low-strength associative pairs. For 61 Ss, all measures of clustering were directly related to the average degrees of associative strength for the three sets of pairs.
On a theorem of Schmeidler

Abstract Over a decade ago D. Schmeidler (1973) introduced a concept of non-cooperative equilibrium for games with a continuum of agents and, under a restriction on the payoff functions, established the existence of an equilibrium in pure strategies. The purpose of this note is to reformalize the model and the equilibrium notion of Schmeidler in terms of distributions rather than measurable functions. We shall see how once the definitions are available we get (pure strategy) equilibrium existence theorems quite effortlessly and under general conditions. A number of remarks contain applications to, among others, incomplete information games.
What are cancer survivors telling us

Among the great medical success stories of the 20th century was our ability to turn cancer, once almost uniformly fatal, into an illness that was curable for more people, and could be controlled in most. As a result of advances in screening and early detection, the development of effective treatments and the delivery of better supportive care, the population of those living long term with a history of cancer continues to grow. The field of cancer survivorship research, now entering its adolescence, has developed to help us better understand the human and social challenges of living long term after cancer. Estimated at approaching 12 million, cancer survivors have taught us a number of important lessons about what it means to live beyond a cancer diagnosis. In this article, 7 of these lessons will be discussed along with their implications for current clinical practice and future directions in cancer survivorship research.
Reconstruction of the cranial base following endonasal skull base surgery: Regional tissue flaps

Advances in endoscopic techniques and technology have substantially increased the scope of expanded endonasal skull base surgery. Larger and more complex skull base defects pose a unique challenge for reconstruction. The pedicled nasoseptal flap has become the workhorse for reconstruction and, through its use, the virtues of a vascularized reconstruction are clearly apparent. When local mucosal flaps are unavailable or insufficient for reconstruction, regional flaps may be employed. In this paper, we describe the techniques for three regional vascularized flaps that have been modified for endonasal skull base reconstruction: the transpterygoid temporoparietal fascial flap, the endoscopic pericranial flap, and the modified palatal mucosal flap. These flaps offer a large surface area of tissue supplied by a vascular pedicle that has sufficient reach and arc of rotation to adequately reconstruct portions of the ventral skull base. The specific anatomy, techniques, and technical considerations are discussed in detail to provide a comprehensive approach for skull base reconstruction.