cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hair tourniquet of the labia minora

Abstract Hair tourniquet syndrome (HTS) is a relatively rare condition that occurs normally in the distal appendages of the pediatric population. Rarely are they located in other areas of the body. Here we describe the especially rare occurrence of HTS around the labia minora in a 6 year old child. Treatment involves application of EMLA cream and excision of the tourniquet. Review of the literature reveals only 8 prior recorded cases of labia minora HTS.
Abstract TMP73: Intra-arterial Transfer Time Metrics Study—Southern California Kaiser Permanente and University of Texas Houston Telestroke Network Experience

Background: The transfer process for patients with large vessel occlusions from a community hospital to an intra-arterial therapy (IAT)-capable center often involves multiple teams of physicians an...
Spaltungen 1918 bis 1945 : Weimarer Republik, NS-Zeit, Exil

Die Katastrophe des Ersten Weltkriegs, »wesentlich mitverantwortlich […] fur die nachfolgenden humanitaren Desast er der deutschen und internationalen Politik«, war in der Weimarer Republik zentrales Thema der deutschsprachigen Literatur. Kriegstagebucher, Erlebnisberichte, Romane, Dramen, Gedichte setzten sich mit dem epochalen Ereignis und seinen Folgen auseinander und gelangten dabei zu hochst unterschiedlichen Einschatzungen. Gerade die Diskussion der Frage, welches Deutschland es denn nun nach dieser geschichtlichen Zasur sein solle, offenbarte eine zutiefst gespaltene Gesellschaft.
Oxidative stress differentially induces tau dissociation from neuronal microtubules in neurites of neurons cultured from different regions of the embryonic Gallus domesticus brain.

Abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins such as tau has been shown to play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. It is hypothesized that oxidative stress-induced aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau could lead to the microtubule network degradation commonly associated with neurodegeneration. We investigated whether oxidative stress induced tau hyperphosphorylation and focused on neurite degradation using cultured neurons isolated from the embryonic chick brain as a model system. Cells were isolated from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and tectum of 14-day-old chicks, grown separately in culture, and treated with tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (to simulate oxidative stress) for 48 hr. Relative expression and localization of tau or phospho-tau and β-tubulin III in neurites were determined using quantitative immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. In untreated cells, tau was tightly colocalized with β-tubulin III. Increasing levels of oxidative stress induced an increase in overall tau expression in neurites of cerebral and tectal but not the cerebellar neurons, coupled with a decrease in phospho-tau expression in tectal but not the cerebral or cerebellar neurons. In addition, oxidative stress induced the degeneration of the distal ends of the neurites and redistribution of phospho-tau toward the neuronal soma in the cerebral but not the tectal and cerebellar neurons. These results suggest that oxidative stress induces changes in tau protein that precede cytoskeletal degradation and neurite retraction. Additionally, there is a differential susceptibility of neuronal subpopulations to oxidative stress, which may offer potential avenues for investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the differential manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders in different regions of the brain.
It’s not about them without them: Kinship grandparents’ perspectives on family empowerment in public child welfare

Abstract This paper presents the perspectives of a small sample of eight kinship caregivers, who are grandparents raising their grandchildren in a mid-Western state. The study explored the grandparents’ experiences of family empowerment in public child welfare, using semi-structured qualitative interviews. The grandparents identify the services that they find useful, including both tangible resources and relational supports. They also highlight service gaps and unfulfilled needs, as well as aspects of their experience with public child welfare that they find concerning. The authors discuss the salience of including kinship grandparents’ voices in shaping the services provided for them and offer recommendations for strategies that could empower the growing population, and improve the public child welfare system so that it is more responsive to its changing environment.
Manifesto for Enterprise Agility

Based on the research findings and gaps that exist in the literature surveyed by Hayretdin Bahsi et al., a layered framework can be defined to assist leaders faced with innovation and agility challenges at the dawn of Industry 4.0 [1]. This framework is derived from a cyber-focus on understanding and assessing the lateral and horizontal dependencies affecting cyber- physical domains. The DoD is fully integrated in cyberspace operations where inputs and outputs of information are critical to mission success. DoD program managers are tasked with a total systems life cycle approach to managing and governing operational capabilities. Rather than considering individual applications separately, program managers’ applications consist of combinations of Business, Military, Enterprise, Cyber-physical Systems, and Cloud Computing domains. The layered dependency framework presented in this paper addresses the gap in services identified. From this framework, a set of values and principles are defined to govern and manage Enterprise Agility within the operations and sustainment phase of a mission capability life cycle. An example instance of Enterprise Agility is presented for Planning Cyberspace Operations (PlanCyberOps).
Tracking the growth of government securities investing in early modern England and Wales

Interest in the growth of tradeable securities in early modern Britain, especially its relationship to economic development and the funding of government debt, has centered mainly on the borrower – whether it be trading company, industrial enterprise, or the state. This article directs attention to the investor, using Charity Commission Reports for England and Wales that document a dramatic mid-eighteenth-century shift by donors and trustees from investments in real estate and rent charges to perpetual government annuities, mainly 3 percent Consols. The heavy investment in this public debt product is what ultimately prompted the creation of the London Stock Exchange in 1801. In analyzing this shift, which occurred among the propertied in all regions of the nation, not just the metropolis or among corporate entities and the mercantile community, I consider both what made the annuities increasingly attractive for charitable trusts and the alternatives – real estate and private loans secured by mortgage or other means – more problematic. Legal changes, I argue, played a role in the transformation, especially the Charitable Uses Act of 1736, which made charitable devises of real estate very difficult and probably resulted in reduced investment in human capital and less wealth redistribution. Regions varied, however, in the degree to which they switched from real estate in the latter part of the eighteenth century; they also differed in the extent to which the switch resulted in more gifts of interest-bearing loans as well. Admittedly, the changes documented in this article concern only one type of depository for assets, charitable trusts. The appeal of these annuities, however, could extend to investments needed for other purposes such as postmortem payments to dependents. Moreover, the fall-off in demand for real estate in trusts correlates with GDP estimates showing a steady decline in income from real assets after 1755 and what some have noted in this period as a puzzle – the lack of an increased rate of return on rents and private loans at a time of robust investment in government debt. Most importantly, though, the transition demonstrates the ability of the government to induce a broad spectrum of the propertied population to invest in securities, if the vehicle they offered had the right characteristics, which were not necessarily highest yield or liquidity without loss in value.
Emission rates of species-specific volatiles vary across communities of Clarkia species: Evidence for character displacement in floral scent.

A current frontier of character displacement research is to determine if displacement occurs via multiple phenotypic pathways and varies across communities with different species compositions. Here, we conducted the first test for context-dependent character displacement in multimodal floral signals by analyzing variation in floral scent in a system that exhibits character displacement in flower size, and that has multiple types of sympatric communities. In a greenhouse common garden experiment, we measured quantitative variation in volatile emission rates of the progeny of two species of Clarkia from replicated communities that contain one, two, or four Clarkia species. The first two axes of a constrained correspondence analysis, which explained 24 percent of the total variation in floral scent, separated the species and community types, respectively. Of the 23 compounds that were significantly correlated with these axes, nine showed patterns consistent with character displacement. Two compounds produced primarily by C. unguiculata and two compounds produced primarily by C. cylindrica were emitted in higher amounts in sympatry. Character displacement in some volatiles varied across sympatric communities and occurred in parallel with displacement in flower size, demonstrating that this evolutionary process can be context-dependent and may occur through multiple pathways.
Patient with a Spinal Cord Stimulator

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an increasingly used modality for the management of various chronic pain syndromes including, but not limited to complex regional pain syndrome, failed back surgery syndrome, peripheral neuropathic pain, and even refractory angina pectoris [1, 2]. SCS operates by producing electrical impulses along the dorsal columns to preferentially activate A-delta and C fibers, thereby closing the gate for peripheral noxious stimuli to propagate along ascending pain pathways [3, 4]. SCS is particularly promising because it not only delivers significant analgesic benefit, but it does so without producing harmful systemic effects. There also exists data suggesting that SCS can reduce systemic opiate requirements and increase overall functionality (Fig. 2.1).
Influence of yeast culture supplementation and advancing season on steers grazing mixed-grass prairie in the northern Great Plains: I. Dietary composition, intake, and in situ nutrient disappearance.

Twelve beef steers (368 +/- 25.3 kg) and four beef heifers (559 +/- 79.5 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used to evaluate effects of yeast culture (YC) and advancing season on dietary chemical composition, intake, and in situ CP and NDF degradation. Treatments were control and YC supplementation (28.4 g.steer-1.d-1 dosed ruminally). Steers grazed from late June to early November 1991 on mixed-grass prairie. Experimental periods consisted of 10 d for adaptation and a 13-d collection phase. Forage samples collected from YC-supplemented steers had greater (P .10) rate or lag time of NDF disappearance. In situ CP disappearance (ISCPD) was greater (P < .10) at all times except 48 h in June, at 48 and 72 h in July, and at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h in August for YC-supplemented steers. Steers supplemented with YC had an increased extent (P < .10) of ISCPD in July and an increase in CP degradation rate in June; however, total CP degradation was greater (P < .10) during June for control than for YC steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficacy of transoral outlet reduction in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients to promote weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and study aims Transoral outlet reduction (TORe) is an endoscopic procedure used in patients with weight gain post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TORe with a full-thickness suturing device for treating patients with weight regain after RYGB. Patients and methods We conducted a comprehensive search of several databases and conference proceedings including PubMed, EMBASE, Google-Scholar, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases (earliest inception to March 2020). The primary outcomes assessed were technical success, absolute weight loss (AWL) and percent of total weight loss (% TWL) at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. The secondary outcomes assessed were pooled rate of adverse events (AEs), adverse event subtypes and association of size of gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA) and percent TWL. Results Thirteen studies on 850 patients were included. The pooled rate of technical success was 99.89 %. The absolute weight loss (kg) at 3, 6, and 12 months was 6.14, 10.15, and 7.14, respectively. The percent TWL at 3, 6, and 12 months was 6.69, 11.34, and 8.55, respectively. The pooled rate of AE was 11.4 % with abdominal pain being the most common adverse event. The correlation coefficient (r) was –0.11 between post TORe GJA size and weight loss at 12 months. Conclusion TORe is an endoscopic procedure that is safe and technically feasible for post RYGB with weight gain.
Physiological Measurements of Situation Awareness: A Systematic Review:

ObjectiveThe goal of this review is to investigate the relationship between indirect physiological measurements and direct measures of situation awareness (SA).BackgroundAssessments of SA are often...
How do people think about understanding personality—And what do such thoughts reflect?

Abstract We examined the dimensions people use when estimating their ability to understand personality—an ability we refer to as personal intelligence. In the first two studies (Ns = 434 and 393), a four-factor model fit people's self-estimates reasonably, with scales of the “Explained Self”, “Self-Understanding”, “Understanding Others,” and “Goals and Planning”. In Study 2 and in Study 3 (N = 482) we examined whether any of the specific self-estimated abilities more accurately indexed actual ability-based personal intelligence relative to overall estimates, and if not, what other personality traits they correlated with. To find out, the four factor-based scales of self-estimated abilities were correlated with the objective Test of Personal Intelligence and traits of the Big Five. None of the specific, self-estimated abilities correlated with actual ability any higher than earlier-used experimenter-provided global self-estimated scales; the participants' self-estimates were determined chiefly by dimensions of the Big Five relative to ability, at a ratio of “variance explained” of six to one. The studies provide new insights into how people view their skills at understanding personality, and the possible origins of such beliefs.
‘The boys from the land don’t get anything’: unaccompanied minors’ experience of child protection environments and the humanitarian border in Greece

We examine how the changes in migration patterns and humanitarian assistance policies in response to the 2015–2016 migration crisis in Greece affected unaccompanied migrant children’s access to she...
Reduced neural responsiveness to looming stimuli is associated with increased aggression.

Background While neuro-cognitive work examining aggression has examined patients with conditions at increased risk for aggression or individuals self-reporting past aggression, little work has attempted to identify neuro-cognitive markers associated with observed/recorded aggression. The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which aggression by youth in the first three months of residential care was associated with atypical responsiveness to threat stimuli. Method This functional MRI study involved 98 (68 male; mean age = 15.96 [sd = 1.52]) adolescents in residential care performing a looming threat task involving images of threatening and neutral human faces or animals that appeared to be either loom or recede. Results Level of aggression was negatively associated with responding to looming stimuli (irrespective of whether these were threatening or neutral) within regions including bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right superior/middle temporal gyrus and a region of right uncus proximal to the amygdala. Conclusions These data indicate that aggression level is associated with a decrease in responsiveness to a basic threat cue-looming stimuli. Reduced threat responsiveness likely results in the individual being less able to represent the negative consequences that may result from engaging in aggression, thereby increasing the risk for aggressive episodes.
Debating disadvantage: self-concept, the civil rights movement and pre-college programmes in the United States in the 1960s

In the early 1960s, colleges and universities in the United States launched dozens of new pre-college programmes for low-income and predominantly African American high school students. Many of thes...
Fecundity in transgender men.

ABSTRACT Premenopausal transgender men who retain internal female reproductive organs, who use exogenous testosterone, and who are sexually active with cisgender men are often capable of conception. This article discusses the potential for fecundity in transgender men, as well as appropriate reproductive care depending on whether the patient prefers to avoid conception or to become pregnant.
A global compact on learning: Taking action on education in developing countries

This report seeks to help set the agenda for a proposed new Global Compact on Learning. It identifies three key priorities and suggested actions to improve learning outcomes for all girls and boys in the developing world, which have been selected based on a careful review of the latest evidence as well as extensive input from a wide range of global actors. The report’s main objective is to provide a broad framework for action that can galvanize attention and bring together the many diverse actors committed to improving education in poor countries. The agenda offered is broader than the education MDGs, which are necessary but not sufficient for achieving quality learning for all. It is by no means exhaustive but identifies education priorities and corresponding promising strategies that are important across many developing countries for improving learning opportunities and outcomes. Although what is to be done is often universal, and certainly must be embedded in larger contexts of national education reform, the how it is done is highly context specific. Thus each country must assess the relevance of the key priorities and identify the best ways to pursue an equitable learning agenda for its own citizens.
Solution for Gravity Flow Under a Sluice Gate

Solutions to flow under a sluice gate yield profiles and discharge coefficients for gate opening to total head ratios in the range 0.1 ≤ b / H ≤ 0.6. Comparison with experimental data reveals that variables not considered have a small but significant effect on the flow. The solution consists in mapping the complex-potential plane into an auxiliary plane in which the flow boundaries lie on the real axis. A line distribution of vorticity proportional to the unknown derivative of elevation with respect to velocity potential, together with the Bernoulli equation on the free surfaces, leads to an integral equation which exactly describes the influence of gravitational attraction, discharge and flow geometry. A numerical, iterative procedure is used to solve the equation by digital computer to the desired accuracy.
Transformation of newbery award books in chinese, japanese and korean translations

Many Newbery award books have been translated into Chinese, Japanese and Korean as an essential tool for higher academic achievements of children. The purpose of this study is to examine how Newbery award books have been translated and transformed in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Bibliographical data for translated titles were collected via national OPACs in the countries and online bookstores. Physical copies were also obtained for further physical examination of transformation. We found that among 91 Newbery medal books, from 1922 to 2012, more than 70% have been translated in this region. We also found that many titles have been transformed in terms of their cover images, content illustrations, sizes and the number of volumes in their translated editions in those countries. Marketing consideration and cultural differences are thought to be major reasons for the transformation. We concluded that books are literally judged by their covers.
Algorithm for Optimal Activated Sludge Design

Nonlinear design equations are used to model an activated sludge tank, final settling tank, gravity thickener, anaerobic digester, vacuum filter, pumping and aeration in terms of the design variables activated sludge solids retention time, hydraulic retention time, recycle ratio, thickener underflow suspended solids concentration, and digester solids retention time, for steady-state conditions. Nonlinear cost equations are used to model the cost of the individual unit processes in terms of unit process sizes and capacities. The Box-Complex algorithm, a numerical search technique, is then used to determine the optimum sizes of the unit process to minimize the sum of capital and operating costs for a specified design inflow, effluent quality, and equipment limitation. Less than 3 sec of execution time on a CDC CYBER 173 using an FTN compiler are required to determine the optimum.
Professional Development for Faculty: A Conceptual Framework of Barriers and Supports.

Professional development for faculty in higher education takes many forms, from self-directed activities to organized programs of learning. Described in this article is a comprehensive definition of continuing professional development followed by a conceptual framework for thinking about those factors that support or impede our professional development. We conclude with a case study of one professor's career development, noting where various factors in the framework have played a part.
Observed changes in hurricane‐driven waves explain the dynamics of modern cuspate shorelines

[1] A comparison between historical and recent shoreline-change rates on the U.S. east coast (based on observed shoreline positions from the last century and a half) shows that emergent, large-scale, cuspate coastline features are changing shape, becoming more asymmetrical. This change in coastline shape arises from spatial shifts in the location of erosion and accretion zones. Using a numerical model of coastline change forced by wave-driven alongshore sediment flux, we show that a previously identified shift in hurricane-generated wave climate explains the patterns of coastline change we observe. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized type of large-scale, chronic landscape response to changing forcing. Though demonstrated here for a cuspate coastline, similar large-scale morphological adjustments are likely to occur along coastlines of varying morphology in the future—as global warming continues, along with the associated intensification of storms. Our approach allows for constraining and predicting future shifts in coastline shape.
An iterated local search heuristic for cell formation

An iterated local search (ILS) heuristic to maximize grouping efficacy is presented.A comparative study was completed assuming residual cells are forbidden.A comparative study was completed assuming residual cells are permitted.The ILS heuristic is competitive with sophisticated metaheuristics from the literature.Test problems and software are provided in an online supplement. The grouping efficacy index (GEI) has emerged as the most popular objective criterion for part-machine clustering problems associated with manufacturing cell formation. A variety of metaheuristics have been proposed for cell formation based on the GEI, including methods such as simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algorithms, variable neighborhood search, and water flow-like algorithms. In this paper, we develop and implement an iterated local search (ILS) heuristic that has proved effective for a variety of different combinatorial optimization problems. Computational results revealed that the ILS generally matches the optimal (or best known) solutions for 37 test problems from the literature. An inherent advantage of the ILS is its simplicity. All test problems, along with the Fortran source codes and executables for the ILS heuristics under the assumptions of forbidden and permitted residual cells, are available from an internet website associated with the manuscript.
Leisure time physical activity participation among Latino visitors to outdoor recreation areas

Previous research indicates that Latinos have low rates of leisure time physical activity (LTPA). As a result, Latinos suffer from higher rates of obesity and other diseases associated with this lack of activity. Thus, the primary purpose of this exploratory study was to gain a greater understanding of LTPA among Latinos. The goals of this study were threefold: (1) gain an understanding of the similarities and differences between Latino male and female LTPA levels and their levels of walking (done in a variety of settings); (2) examine the types of environments where their LTPA occurs; and (3) gain insight into Latinos’ attitudes and perceptions of social support and constraints to LTPA. The study included Latinos from two suburban Chicago communities. Data were collected at local parks and in a sports complex. The findings indicated that 39.1% of the Latinos had engaged in vigorous LTPA 2.75 days in the previous week, and men were active for longer periods of time than were women (F = 6.47; p = 0.021). A...
On a test for reality of the covariance matrix in a complex gaussian distribution

Goodman ( 1963 ), Wooding ( 1956 ), James ( 1967 ) and Khatri ( 1965a, 1965b ) have studied some distribution problems of the complex ,P-variate normal distribution which appears in time series analysis and physics. Most problems of complex variates can be treated in the same way as those of the real variates in the case of normal distributions. Khatri ( 1965a ) has derived the likelihood-ratio criterion for testing the independence of the two sets of variates ( see section 2 ) of a complex matrix variate with complex Gaussian distribution. In this paper, we derive the distribution of the criterion, when the hypothesis is true, for P = 4, 5, 6 and 7 and also give the general form of the same for any P. Tables of correction factors for converting chi-square percentiles of a logarithmic function of the criterion are obtained for P = 4 and 5 and for selected values of n -q
The relationship between pressure ulcer incidence and buttock-seat cushion interface pressure in at-risk elderly wheelchair users.

Abstract Brienza DM, Karg PE, Geyer MJ, Kelsey S, Trefler E. The relationship between pressure ulcer incidence and buttock-seat cushion interface pressure in at-risk elderly wheelchair users. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:529-33. Objective: To investigate the relation between pressure ulcer incidence and buttock-wheelchair seat cushion interface pressure measurements. Design: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial. Setting: Skilled nursing facility. Patients: Thirty-two elderly patients (age, ≥ 65yr), with Braden score ≤ 18 and Braden mobility and activity subscale score ≤ 5, who used wheelchairs ≥ 6hr/d, were free of existing sitting-induced pressure ulcers, and weighed ≤ 250lb. Interventions: Generic foam seat cushion or pressure-reducing seat cushion. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence of sitting-induced pressure ulcers over a 1- to 12-month period was compared with pressure measured between patients' buttocks and wheelchair seat cushions. A flexible pad with a 15 × 15 pressure sensor array was used to measure interface pressure. Results: Interface pressure measured on wheelchair seat cushions was higher ( p ≤.01 for both peak pressure and average of highest 4 pressures) for patients who developed sitting-acquired pressure ulcers compared with those patients who did not. Conclusions: Results indicated that higher interface pressure measurements are associated with a higher incidence of sitting-acquired pressure ulcers for high-risk elderly people who use wheelchairs. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Reinvigorating the “Switzerland of the middle east”: How the lebanese government can use public relations to reposition the country as a premier tourism destination

ABSTRACT This article proposes a public relations/marketing communication plan to reestablish Lebanon as a premier tourism destination. For years, tourism was a major component of Lebanon's economic growth. However, the Lebanese civil war (1975–1991) and Israel's occupation of the security zone in South Lebanon (1978–2000) destroyed the image of a country that was often described as the “Switzerland of the Middle East.” The plan draws on findings of five focus group sessions that examined tourists' perceptions of travel to Lebanon and ways to restore tourism.
Who Supports the Promise Keepers

Two samples from the Lynd's Middletown were obtained in the Fall of 1997 and of 1998 to assess what factors relate to support for the Promise Keepers. For the samples as a whole, the emotional, charismatic nature of the Promise Keepers meetings, the generally politically conservative nature of the Promise Keepers rhetoric, and their pro-life stand were found to be important for the Promise Keepers appeal. Important differences were also found between people of different education levels. Self-esteem-related factors were found to be more important for Promise Keepers support among those of lower education levels. Whereas for those of higher education levels, the political nature of the Promise Keepers played more of a role. Explanations for these results are then presented
Chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase from Escherichia coli : subcloning, overproduction and purification

Abstract Efficient overproduction of chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase (20% of soluble protein) has been achieved using recombinant DNA techniques. A new purification procedure utilizing hydrophobic and ion-exchange chromatography yielded homogeneous enzyme in two steps. CM/PD has been overexpressed as 20% of soluble protein using recombinant DNA techniques. This efficient source of pure mutase should facilitate mechanistic and physical studies.
Reply to the correspondence letter by N Kluger et al. ‘Medical alert tattoos in minors should not be advocated’

We read with interest the correspondence from Dr. Kluger and colleague to our image article [1]. The authors express similar views with regards the need for better understanding of medical alert tattoos within the medical community and also the need for a recognised symbol and site for these tattoos, so they can be readily seen and acted upon in an emergency. However, the authors do not agree that tattooing should be advocated in minors. Their reasons are this is a decision which many adults take a long time to consider and something that should be approached with caution, particularly in diabetic patients. We agree that this does not apply to all young people with a chronic condition or severe allergy, but instead that clinicians should be able to support young people on a case-by-case basis who have taken the time to decide to obtain a medical alert tattoo and are fully aware of the risks, benefits and permanency of the procedure. This is particularly pertinent for UK paediatricians and general practitioners as tattooing is illegal for minors under the age of 18 years in the UK. This article and correspondence highlight an important issue for clinicians, as young people (as well as adults) are increasingly choosing medical alert tattoos over more traditional alert jewellery. We would be interested in Dr. Kluger and colleague expanding on their reasons for not advocating this in minors as we feel the support of clinicians should be available for a competent young person, and their parents, who have made the informed decision to obtain a medical alert tattoo.
The electronic structure of vanadium monochloride cation (VCl+): Tackling the complexities of transition metal species

Six electronic states (X 4Σ−, A 4Π, B 4Δ, 2Φ, 2Δ, 2Σ+) of the vanadium monochloride cation (VCl+) are described using large basis set coupled cluster theory. For the two lowest quartet states (X 4Σ− and A 4Π), a focal point analysis (FPA) approach was used that conjoined a correlation-consistent family of basis sets up to aug-cc-pwCV5Z-DK with high-order coupled cluster theory through pentuple (CCSDTQP) excitations. FPA adiabatic excitation energies (T0) and spectroscopic constants (re, r0, Be, B0, D¯e, He, ωe, v0, αe, ωexe) were extrapolated to the valence complete basis set Douglas-Kroll (DK) aug-cc-pV∞Z-DK CCSDT level of theory, and additional treatments accounted for higher-order valence electron correlation, core correlation, and spin-orbit coupling. Due to the delicate interplay between dynamical and static electronic correlation, single reference coupled cluster theory is able to provide the correct ground electronic state (X 4Σ−), while multireference configuration interaction theory cannot. Pertu...
Power-efficient voltage tunable RF integrated magnetoelectric inductors with FeGaB/Al 2 O 3 multilayer films

This work reports new integrated GHz magnetic inductors based on solenoid structures with FeGaB/Al 2 O 3 multilayer films, which show significantly enhanced inductance and quality factor at GHz frequencies over their air core counterparts. These inductors show excellent high-frequency performance with a wide operation frequency range of DC-2.5GHz, in which the inductance of the integrated magnetic inductors show >100% enhancement compared with that of the same size air core inductor. Voltage tunable magnetoelectric inductors were fabricated with MEMS processing by putting these inductors on 0.5mm thick ferroelectric (011) cut lead magnesium niobate - lead titanate PMN-PT slab, which showed a voltage tunable inductance of >100%. These novel voltage tunable GHz inductors with giant tunable inductance show great promise for applications in radio frequency integrated circuits.
Increases of Extractable β-Carotene in Haylage During in Vitro Digestion

Abstract Incomplete extraction of certain haylages during assay of β -carotene by the usual methods results in an apparent greater excretion than intake in cattle. Such haylage was incubated in an in vitro digestion system corresponding to bovine in vivo conditions. A doubling in extractable β- carotene could be measured with the major increase occurring as a result of the rumen and pepsin-HCl incubations. This increase was due primarily to a pH-water effect on the haylage, with a pH 7.0 presoak increasing the rate of acid release of β -carotene. Since various proteolytic enzymes did not enhance the rate or amount of release of β -carotene, protein was not considered to be the primary binder. However, protein integrity or the presence of taurocholic acid was necessary to retard the destruction of pigment during incubations.
Attempted dietary treatment of a boy with hyperammonemia due to ornithine transferase deficiency.

Dietary treatment of a male patient suffering from the delayed-onset type of OCT deficiency was attempted. Control of the hyperammonemia was attempted by restriction of protein intake, guided by monitoring the plasma ammonia and regular checking of the serum amino acid levels. The influence of supplementary citric acid or lactulose therapy on the plasma ammonia level was investigated and found to be negligible. The therapeutic effect of supplying ornithine and arginine (an essential amino acid in urea cycle disorders) is described. Despite intensive dietary treatment over two and a half years, a incorrigible hyperammonemic crisis resulted in the sudden death of our patients.
New RF Power System for SuperHILAC

The upgraded rf system for the SuperHILAC is now operational using 9 new tetrode amplifiers. Each amplifier can produce in excess of lMw of 70 Mhz pulsed rf power. Ferrite is used to decouple the screen grid circuit and to absorb parasitic oscillations. This results in a very stable amplifier with reasonable gain. This system uses a common 6 Mw anode power supply and crowbar system. Overall system efficiency has been increased significantly. We project a 3 year payback on the equipment cost, realized from the power savings alone.
On the Subdifferential Regularity of Max Root Functions for Polynomials

Abstract In 2001, Burke and Overton showed that the abscissa mapping on polynomials is subdifferentially regular on the monic polynomials of degree n . We extend this result to the class of max polynomial root functions which includes both the polynomial abscissa and the polynomial radius mappings. The approach to the computation of the subgradient simplifies that given by Burke and Overton and provides new insight into the variational properties of these functions.
Robust SiZer for Exploration of Regression Structures and Outlier Detection

The SiZer methodology is a valuable tool for conducting exploratory data analysis. In this article a robust version of SiZer is developed for the regression setting. This robust SiZer is capable of producing SiZer maps with different degrees of robustness. By inspecting such SiZer maps, either as a series of plots or in the form of a movie, the structures hidden in a dataset can be more effectively revealed. It is also demonstrated that the robust SiZer can be used to help identify outliers. Results from both real data and simulated examples will be provided.
Mechanism of the cyclopropenone decarbonylation reaction. A density functional theory and transient spectroscopy study.

The density functional theory analysis predicts that the thermal decarbonylation of cyclopropenones proceeds by the sequential and regioselective cleavage of both single bonds in a three-membered ring. The initial ring-opening process results in the formation of a reactive zwitterionic intermediate 6, which is separated from the free alkyne and carbon monoxide by a very low energy barrier. Femtosecond pump−probe transient absorption spectroscopy experiments showed that light-induced decarbonylation is also a stepwise process but apparently proceeds on the excited-state surface. The lifetime of the intermediate in the photodecarbonylation reaction is very short and is dependent on substitution and solvent polarity. Thus, bis-p-anisyl-substituted species decays with τ = 0.6 ps, bis-α-naphthyl-substituted intermediate has a lifetime of τ = 11 ps, while the bis(2-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-substituted analogue survives for 83 ps in chloroform and for 168 ps in argon-saturated methanol. The loss of carbon monoxide fr...
The Automatic Data Processing System for 2X II

An automatic data system is being developed to record transient data that will replace the present method of photographing scope traces with a Polaroid camera. The advantages of the new system are that it will increase data accuracy, eliminate long hours of manual reduction of data, provide instant processing of data to aid in optimizing the experimental parameters, and provide rapid comparison of current data with data taken from previous runs for statistical analysis. The 2X II automatic data system is composed of an analog disc connected to a small computer system. The multichannel analog disc is the principal intermediate means of recording the data, which are then digitized and stored permanently on magnetic tape. Reading of the data is accomplished by scanning all of the disc channels with a single analog-to-digital converter and transferring the data into the computer's magnetic core memory. This scanning of the analog disc is done automatically by the computer's software program, but it can also be done either manually from the disc control panel or remotely from a teletype terminal. Currently the digitized data are fed into a mini-computer for on-line data reduction and display. Using teletype control, one can view any individual channel from 0 to 30 ms with 10 ?s resolution, or one can retrieve processed data (for example, the number of charge exchange neutrals vs energy for any selected time up to 30 ms).
Lifetimes and branching ratios of heavy leptons

The decay properties of charged heavy leptons are discussed under the assumption that the conjectured leptons (and their associated neutrinos) participate in the weak interactions like the known leptons.
Rate adaptation with loss diagnosis on IEEE 802.11 networks

Rate adaptation in wireless networking aims to seek the optimal data transmission rate most appropriate for current wireless channel conditions to make full use of the channel potentials. It is important in wireless networks because (1) most of them support multiple data rates, and (2) wireless channel is unstable with fast changes on which a single rate thereby may not be proper for long. Based on a comprehensive survey of the rate adaptation for IEEE 802.1 networks in literature, this work proposes a rate adaptation scheme, dubbed effective rate adaptation (ERA), for IEEE 802.11 networks. ERA takes advantage of the fragmentation technique in IEEE 802.11 standard and utilizes the lowest rate retransmission in diagnosing frame loss cause (collision or channel degradation), diffusing collision, and promptly recovering frame losses. It also adopts an adaptive rate increase threshold concept to exploit channel potentials. Different from other rate adaptation schemes, ERA effectively addresses two challenges in rate adaptation on IEEE 802.11 networks: (1) it does not require RTS/CTS for loss diagnosis purpose; the use of RTS/CTS that are optional in IEEE standard results in inefficiency on channel utilization; (2) it promptly responds to frame failure due to channel degradation, unlike others waiting till the end of a transmission window or cycle. With extensive simulation, ERA shows its unique strength in different lossy environments, especially in collision-prone environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (This work was presented in part at the IFIP Networking08, Singapore.)
Fracture properties of PMR-15/graphite-fiber composites

Abstract The fracture properties of PMR-15/graphite-fiber-fabric composites have been investigated in this study. Processing parameters such as pressure application time and pressure magnitude have been varied systematically to simulate processing defects. Upon testing these composite specimens, insight is gained into the processing/property relations. The fracture specimens are of the single-edge-notched simple beam type, loaded in Mode I or opening mode, with the notch transverse to the plane of the laminate, resulting in translaminar crack propagation. Crack growth initiation is detected by monitoring acoustic emission, which may be qualitatively related to crack extension. The study leads to a better understanding of (a) the failure process or nature of failure of these composites, (b) the correlation between fracture properties and structural variables (void content, etc.) and (c) the correlation between fracture properties and process variables.
Autophagy by ARF: A Short Story

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Reef et al. (2006) describe a shortened unstable form of the ARF tumor suppressor protein that localizes within mitochondria, where it reduces membrane potential and triggers autophagy. Could this account for the Mdm2- and p53-independent tumor suppressive effects of ARF?
Recurrent pancreatitis due to an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum: report of a case

We report the investigation and treatment of a 14-year-old girl in whom a detailed assessment of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis revealed a large intraluminal 'windsock'-like duodenal diverticulum. As the diverticulum was closely attached to the papilla of Vater, it was resected by a transduodenal approach. This report focuses on the significance of rare congenital anomalies of the duodenum (e.g., duplication cyst, intraluminal diverticulum) during the diagnostic workup of recurrent pancreatitis in children.
Evaluation of an ion propulsion system for a synchronous spacecraft mission.

Ion propulsion system evaluation for attitude control and stationkeeping of synchronous satellites
(2+1)-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity as a Dirac square root

For simple enough spatial topologies, at least four approaches to (2+1)-dimensional quantum gravity have been proposed: Wheeler-DeWitt quantization, canonical quantization in Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) variables on reduced phase space, Chern-Simons quantization, and quantization in terms of Ashtekar-Rovelli-Smolin loop variables. An important problem is to understand the relationships among these approaches. By explicitly constructing the transformation between the Chern-Simons and ADM Hilbert spaces, we show here that Chern-Simons quantization naturally gives rise to spinorial wave functions on superspace, whose time evolution is governed by a Dirac equation. Chern-Simons quantum gravity can therefore be interpreted as the Dirac square root of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear in children.

Fifteen cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear previously reported are summarized and a new case presented. These cases are analyzed in terms of age, sex, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, clinical course, treatment, prognosis and autopsy findings. In the reported case laminagrams taken with hypocycloidal motion revealed bone destruction whereas conventional roentgenograms did not. Laminagrams of the petrous pyramid should be done on all children presenting with an aural polyp and bloody discharge or whenever the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear is suspected. Preoperative laminagrams demonstrating the extent of bony involvement make en bloc removal of tumor more likely than heretofore.
Thickness dependence of the indentation hardness of glass plates

The load required to produce fracture in glass plates by pressing steel balls onto both upper and lower surfaces of the plate has been recorded experimentally as a function of the thickness of the plate and the diameter of the indenter. It is observed that for a sufficiently large indenter the fracture load decreases rapidly as the thickness of the plate decreases. The variation of the fracture load with plate thickness is shown to be a consequence of the fact that the value of the maximum tensile stress at the boundary of the contact area is larger in a thin plate than in a thick plate, for the same indentation pressure. A method of calculation is described for determining the maximum tensile stress in an elastic plate subjected to arbitrary symmetrical spherical indentations.
Method of fabricating ribbed crystals for focusing synchrotron X-radiation

Abstract A method of fabricating single-crystals of silicon having a ribbed structure for focusing intense synchrotron X-radiation above 5 keV is described. The critical step in the fabrication process is the rib-cutting procedure which is given in some detail.
Information and Incentives in Labor-Managed Economies

Abstract The incentive problems that result in labor-managed economies from attempting to eliminate the inefficient allocation of labor due to this institutional arrangement are discussed. Games are searched for such that, at an equilibrium, firms have revealed truthful information and labor is allocated efficiently. It is shown that such games do not exist if output is not observable, and even if aggregate deficits or surpluses are permitted. By contrast, if output is observable, balanced games exist in which it is dominant strategy for each firm to be truthful.