cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Evangelical View of Transcendence and Senior Adult Attitudes

This article expands the previous article on the subject of Erikson's and Maslow's concepts of transcendence. It takes an evangelical Christian approach to examining the ways older adults experience spiritual growth. Ways senior adults migrate from meanings that are only physically based toward meanings that are derived from spirituality are discussed. The results of interviews with more than 100 older persons regarding spirituality and transcendence are presented.
Effects of multiple ionization on K-shell fluorescence yield transition energies and intensity ratios for argon☆

Abstract Theoretical calculations of ω K , changes in the K α and K β X-ray energies and ratios of K β and K α intensities for multiply-ionized argon are presented using the nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic model.
A Physically Consistent Path-Weighted Diffusivity Function for Modeling of Drop-by-Drop Liquid Metal Deposition

A physically consistent path-weighted diffusivity function is derived for parametric representation of heat diffusion patterns occurring within a volume of material where in there exists inhomogeneous or anisotropic thermal diffusivity. A physically consistent parametric representation of energy deposition processes, where there exists spatially dependent thermal diffusivity, provides for more optimal inverse analysis of such processes. The path-weighted diffusivity function presented here further extends an inverse analysis approach presented previously. The general functional characteristics of the path-weighted diffusivity function derived are examined via a prototype simulation of drop-by-drop liquid metal deposition upon a material characterized by anisotropic thermal diffusivity. The results of this simulation are compared with previous simulations concerning path-weighted thermal diffusivity. The parametric representations presented, which are constructed using path-weighted sums of analytic basis functions, are examined from the perspective of discrete numerical methods. This perspective provides a foundation for the development of control algorithms for process optimization with respect to achieving specific microstructures within a fabricated structure.
Dynamic changes in prefrontal cortex gene expression following lysergic acid diethylamide administration.

Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a psychoactive drug that transiently alters human perception, behavior, and mood at extremely low doses. Certain aspects of the behavior elicited by acute doses of LSD closely resemble symptoms of mental disorders such as schizophrenia. Characterizing gene expression profiles after LSD will be important for understanding how it alters behavior, and will lead to novel insights into disorders, such as schizophrenia, whose behavioral symptoms resemble the temporary effects of hallucinogenic drugs. We previously identified a small collection of genes within the rat prefrontal cortex that respond to LSD. Many of the products of these genes are involved in the process of synaptic plasticity. In the current report, we present a detailed analysis of the expression of these genes within the brain using RNase protection analysis. We find that the gene response to LSD is quite dynamic. The expression of some genes increases rapidly and decreases rapidly, while other genes change more gradually. Dose–response studies show two classes of expression; gene expression maximally stimulated at lower doses, versus gene expression that continues to rise at the higher doses. The role of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor in mediating the increases in gene expression was examined in a series of experiments using receptor specific antagonists. Most expression increases were due to activation of the 5-HT2A receptor, however expression of two genes had neither a 5-HT1A nor a 5-HT2A receptor component.
The effects of dietary protein insufficiency and excess on skeletal health

Nutritional deprivation is obviously of signal importance in disadvantaged populations. It can also assume a major role in the health of individuals living in selected segments of affluent societies. For instance, nutrition in the elderly may be limited by several factors, and in younger persons nutritional knowledge may be limited and “fast-food” or fad diet habits may constrict nutrient intake. In contrast, the diets of other segments in affluent societies may be over-replate with some substances, and a variety of disorders of dietary indulgence have been described (obesity, atherosclerosis, renal insufficiency). As with other nutrients, evidence for disorders caused by both insufficient and excessive dietary protein have been reported, and in both instances there may be implications for skeletal health.
Antidepressant-like effects of buprenorphine in rats are strain dependent

The prevalence of major depressive disorder and the limited efficacy of conventional drug treatments provide significant impetus to develop novel and more rapidly acting antidepressants for individuals with treatment resistant forms of depression. The primary goal of these studies was to ascertain whether buprenorphine (BPN), a medically available drug with mixed effects at opioid receptors, was effective in behavioral tests using the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat strain, a rodent model of exaggerated depressive and anxiety behaviors that demonstrates resistance to certain antidepressants. As WKY rats are maintained by different sources, we assessed the behavioral effects of BPN using the modified rat forced swim test (FST) and the emergence test in WKY rat colonies obtained from different vendors. BPN dose-dependently reduced immobility and increased swimming behavior in the FST and reduced emergence latencies in two WKY lines (Charles River (WKY/NCrl) and Harlan laboratories (WKY/NHsd)) that also showed high baseline immobility in the FST. WKY rats from Taconic (WKY/NTac) did not show high baseline immobility in the FST or anxiety as had been previously reported, suggesting a drift in the phenotype of rats from this supplier. Furthermore, BPN did not reduce immobility in the FST or reduce latencies in the emergence test in WKY rats from Taconic. BPN also failed to produce antidepressant-like effects in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. These results indicate a striking strain-selectivity for the effects of BPN, producing antidepressant and anxiolytic-like responses in WKY/NCrl and WKY/NHsd lines but not in the normosensitive control Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains.
Predicting Solar Cycle 24 Using a Geomagnetic Precursor Pair

We describe using Ap and F10.7 as a geomagnetic-precursor pair to predict the amplitude of Solar Cycle 24. The precursor is created by using F10.7 to remove the direct solar-activity component of Ap. Four peaks are seen in the precursor function during the decline of Solar Cycle 23. A recurrence index that is generated by a local correlation of Ap is then used to determine which peak is the correct precursor. The earliest peak is the most prominent but coincides with high levels of non-recurrent solar activity associated with the intense solar activity of October and November 2003. The second and third peaks coincide with some recurrent activity on the Sun and show that a weak cycle precursor closely following a period of strong solar activity may be difficult to resolve. A fourth peak, which appears in early 2008 and has recurrent activity similar to precursors of earlier solar cycles, appears to be the "true" precursor peak for Solar Cycle 24 and predicts the smallest amplitude for Solar Cycle 24. To determine the timing of peak activity it is noted that the average time between the precursor peak and the following maximum is ≈ 6.4 years. Hence, Solar Cycle 24 would peak during 2014. Several effects contribute to the smaller prediction when compared with other geomagnetic-precursor predictions. During Solar Cycle 23 the correlation between sunspot number and F10.7 shows that F10.7 is higher than the equivalent sunspot number over most of the cycle, implying that the sunspot number underestimates the solar-activity component described by F10.7. During 2003 the correlation between aa and Ap shows that aa is 10 % higher than the value predicted from Ap, leading to an overestimate of the aa precursor for that year. However, the most important difference is the lack of recurrent activity in the first three peaks and the presence of significant recurrent activity in the fourth. While the prediction is for an amplitude of Solar Cycle 24 of 65 ± 20 in smoothed sunspot number, a below-average amplitude for Solar Cycle 24, with maximum at 2014.5 ± 0.5, we conclude that Solar Cycle 24 will be no stronger than average and could be much weaker than average.
Mass murder in a university setting: analysis of the medical examiner's response.

BACKGROUND: Seung-Hui Cho, a student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), shot and killed 33 students and faculty, including himself, on the morning of April 16, 2007. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical examiner system response to this multiple fatality event was undertaken to identify which procedures were and were not effective. Case records, spreadsheets, telephone call logs, notes, and after-action interviews of staff were reviewed and analyzed. Recommendations were developed to improve the management of the multiple components of a high-profile multiple fatality event. RESULTS: One autopsy took place on Monday, April 16, 12 on Tuesday, April 17, and 20 on Wednesday, April 18. Pathologists archived the biopsies of major organs in formalin. Slides were made of entrance wounds that exhibited residues. Blood for alcohols was collected from victims. Blood for alcohols, acid, base, and neutral drugs was collected from Cho for analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Standard forensic pathology procedures worked and timely postmortem examinations were completed. The victim identification component of the family assistance center must be established and staffed at the time of the initial response. Public information officers need training in morgue and medicolegal death management and in ways to effectively communicate with different audiences about multiple fatality management procedures. Language: en
Adsorption of inorganic and organic ligands onto hydrous aluminum oxide : Evaluation of surface charge and the impacts on particle and NOM removal during water treatment

The variable removal from solution of sulfate, orthophosphate, fluoride, five simple organic acids, and natural organic matter from two sources by adsorption on aluminum hydroxide was examined to a...
Prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), varicella, and pneumococcal infections: Economic-based decision-making.

Abstract Objective To compare costs and health benefits of three prophylactic interventions recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and to help quantify the impact of illness and enhance the physicians' ability to make informed decisions. Study design Medline search was conducted of English-language cost-effectiveness studies of varicella and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination recommended for all healthy infants and of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis with palivizumab (Synagis) for infants at high risk for severe RSV infection. Data were collected on cost-effectiveness, burden of illness, and efficacy and analyzed from the societal and payer perspective. Results were discounted by 5% and costs inflated to year 2002 dollars. Results From the societal perspective, estimates of cost per life-years saved were money savings for varicella, $175,300 for pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, and $66,200 for palivizumab prophylaxis; from the payer perspective, estimates were $28,100, $338,400, and $66,400, respectively. Conclusions Cost-effectiveness estimates for varicella and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination demonstrate that evaluating economic benefits from the societal rather than the payer perspective makes universal prophylaxis very financially attractive. By comparison, this same differential does not exist for the cost-effectiveness estimates of palivizumab from the societal and payer perspectives because its use is in a well-defined high-risk target population. From a societal perspective, prophylaxis is a rational public policy decision, although in target populations, incidence of serious illness and the primary cost components driving the cost offsets vary across prophylactic measures studied.
Isolation of 105 microsatellite loci from an ovine genomic library enriched for microsatellites.

This paper reports on the development of a small-insert (∼700 bp) total-genomic library for sheep specifically designed for enrichment for microsatellite (ms) loci. Four enriched libraries were pre...
Stimulation of P-glycoprotein ATPase by analogues of tetramethylrosamine: coupling of drug binding at the "R" site to the ATP hydrolysis transition state.

The multidrug resistance efflux pump P-glycoprotein (Pgp) couples drug export to ATP binding and hydrolysis. Details regarding drug trajectory, as well as the molecular basis for coupling, remain u...
Stress and atopic disorders

Evidence linking psychological stress to the expression of asthma and atopy continues to grow. Examining the underlying molecular mechanisms linking stress to asthma and other allergic phenomena is an active area of research. Evidence is reviewed for the influence of stress on neuroimmunoregulation and oxidative stress pathways, which, in turn, may affect biological hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli characteristic of atopic disorders. Critical periods of development, including in utero environment, are underscored. The role of genetics and gene-by-environment interactions is also discussed.
On cracking direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems

Secure transmission of information over hostile wireless environments is desired by both military and civilian parties. Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) is such a covert technique resistant to interference, interception, and multipath fading. Identifying spread-spectrum signals or cracking DS-SS systems by an unintended receiver (or eavesdropper) without a priori knowledge is a challenging problem. To address this problem, we first search for the start position of data symbols in the spread signal (for symbol synchronization); our method is based on maximizing the spectral norm of a sample covariance matrix, which achieves smaller estimation error than the existing method of maximizing the Frobenius norm. After synchronization, we remove a spread sequence by a cross-correlation based method, and identify the spread sequence by a matched filter. The proposed identification method is less expensive and more accurate than the existing methods. We also propose a zigzag searching method to identify a generator polynomial that reduces memory requirement and is capable of correcting polarity errors existing in the previous methods. In addition, we analyze the bit error performance of our proposed method. The simulation results agree well with our analytical results, indicating the accuracy of our analysis in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. By simulation, we also demonstrate the performance improvement of our proposed schemes over the existing methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. To eavesdrop on the adversary's communication, we (a) identify the start position of data symbols in the intercepted spread signal for the purpose of symbol synchronization, (b) estimate data symbols, (c) estimate the PN sequence, and (d) estimate the code generator polynomial of the PN sequence. We propose a zigzag searching method to identify a generator polynomial from intercepted signal and we also analyze the bit error performance of our proposed method.
Analysis of heuristic solutions to the best choice problem

Abstract In the sequential decision making task known as the best choice problem, n items are presented in a random order one at a time. After each item, the decision maker (DM) can determine only their relative ranks. The DM’s goal is to select the best of all n items without the possibility of recalling previously observed items. The purpose of this paper is to compare the optimal policy to three classes of heuristic decision rules that were identified and studied in previous research. We also investigate the limiting case as n →∞.
Variation in pit size of antlion (Myrmeleon carolinus) larvae: the importance of pit construction

Larvae of several antlions build pits that vary in size across and within species. The influence of food limitation and pit building experience on variation in pit size of the larvae of Myrmeleon carolinus was investigated in the laboratory. Unfed larvae that were allowed to build pits had smaller pit diameters than fed larvae. However, fed antlions that had been previously prevented from pit building, initially did not build larger pits than unfed antlion larvae that, too, had been prevented from pit building. Therefore, physiological constraints associated with food limitation alone are not sufficient to explain the reduction in pit size of food limited antlions of this species.
Creating a multicultural family practice

The article suggests a way in which family therapists can begin to develop a multicultural family practice. The authors review literature regarding recommendations for working with diverse families...
Neuromodulatory therapy with applications for the radical pelvic surgery patient

Erectile dysfunction as a complication of several commonly performed major pelvic surgeries is well recognized yet ineffectively averted at the present time. It is likely that the disorder relates commonly to a neuropathic process, even among men receiving maximally preserving cavernous nervesparing adjunctive procedures. Great interest exists at this time in developing effective therapies directed toward the neuropathic changes associated with pelvic surgeries, with the intent of restoring erectile function as fully and early as possible. Neuromodulation encompasses neuroprotective and neurotrophic interventions that may offer therapeutic approaches to preserve the functional integrity of the penile nerve supply with pelvic surgery. Although the therapeutic area is in its relative infancy, exciting findings thus far, mostly at preclinical levels, have provided a meaningful foundation for major clinical advances in the near future.
Paper: Scientific benchmark characterizations

A number of scientific and engineering benchmarks have emerged during the 1980s. Each of these benchmarks has a different origin, methodology and interpretation. This paper is a survey of the most common scientific benchmarks and includes a comparison of them based on their instruction mixes as measured by the CRAY X-MP hardware performance monitor (hpm). We discuss the relevance of these benchmarks to parallel computing as well as comparing their instruction mixes against an academic supercomputer workload.
Redox signaling and the emerging therapeutic potential of thiol antioxidants

Abstract Oxidation-reduction (redox) based regulation of signal transduction and gene expression is emerging as a fundamental regulatory mechanism in cell biology. Electron flow through side chain functional CH 2 -SH groups of conserved cysteinyl residues in proteins account for their redox-sensing properties. Because in most intracellular proteins thiol groups are strongly “buffered” against oxidation by the highly reduced environment inside the cell, only accessible protein thiol groups with high thiol-disulfide oxidation potentials are likely to be redox sensitive. The list of redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways is steadily growing, and current information suggests that manipulation of the cell redox state may prove to be an important strategy for the management of AIDS and some forms of cancer. The endogenous thioredoxin and glutathione systems are of central importance in redox signaling. Among the thiol agents tested for their efficacy to modulate cellular redox status, N -acetyl- l -cysteine (NAC) and α-lipoic acid hold promise for clinical use. A unique advantage of lipoate is that it is able to utilize cellular reducing equivalents, and thus it harnesses the metabolic power of the cell to continuously regenerate its reductive vicinal dithiol form. Because lipoate can be readily recycled in the cell, it has an advantage over N -acetyl- l -cysteine on a concentration:effect basis. Our current knowledge of redox regulated signal transduction has led to the unfolding of the remarkable therapeutic potential of cellular thiol modulating agents.
Rapidly changing seasonal sea levels increase flood risk

Coastal sea levels typically rise in the summer and recede in the winter. Variability in the seasonal sea level cycle can be due to any number of meteorological or oceanographic influences and can affect marine and estuarial habitats.
Statistics of spatial-temporal variations of sea surface height based on Topex altimeter measurements

A data analysis technique is developed to estimate 3-D spatial-temporal autocorrelation functions and 2-D power spectra of sea surface height (SSH) variations, based on non-gridded Topex/Poseidon a...
The interaction force between tetragonal defects and screw dislocations in cubic crystals

Abstract The force-distance profiles for the interaction of straight screw dislocations with tetragonal defects are calculated for several different cubic crystals. The calculations are based on Eshelby's “transformation strain” method for treating the problem of the misfitting sphere. Three different tetragonal defect problems are posed and solved. 1. (1) 〈110〉 defect in the rock salt structure with 〈110〉 {110} slip; 2. (2) 〈111〉 defect in an f.c.c. metal with 〈110〉 {111} slip and 3. (3) 〈100〉 defect in a b.c.c. metal with 〈111〉 {110} slip. It is shown that anisotropy has a large effect on both the shape and magnitude of the force-distance profiles. In addition each tetragonal defect presents two different obstacles to dislocation motion, depending on the relative motion of the dislocation with respect to the defect. Finally, it is shown that neither Fleischer's original calculation of the force-distance profile for a tetragonal defect in the rock salt structure nor Tyson's later modification is correct, even for the case of isotropic elasticity.
Reputation and Coalitions in Medieval Trade: Evidence on the Maghribi Traders

This article examines the economic institution utilized during the eleventh century to facilitate complex trade characterized by asymmetric information and limited legal contract enforceability. The geniza documents are employed to present the "coalition," an economic institution based upon a reputation mechanism utilized by Mediterranean traders to confront the organizational problem associated with the exchange relations between merchants and their overseas agents. The theoretical framework explains many trade-related phenomena, especially why traders utilized specific forms of business association, and indicates the interrelations between social and economic institutions. M editerranean trade contributed much to the economic growth of southern Europe during the Middle Ages.' The spread of this trade depended, to a large extent, upon traders' ability to employ overseas agents or to let business associates function as overseas agents. The employment of overseas agents was vital during the Middle Ages, since goods were sold abroad only after being shipped to their destination.2 Since, absent contractual problems, a merchant can decrease cost by sending goods to an overseas agent rather than traveling with his goods, a large efficiency gain could potentially be achieved by employing overseas agents.3
Testosterone sulfotransferase: Evidence in the guinea pig that this reaction is carried out by 3α-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase

Abstract During the course of isolating, characterizing, and cloning estrogen and 3-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases from the guinea pig adrenal gland, it was noted that cytosolic preparations from this tissue would also sulfonate testosterone. Therefore, we set out to isolate and clone the enzyme that performs this reaction. Testosterone sulfotransferase (TST) was isolated from the guinea pig adrenal by using the standard procedures of ion exchange, affinity, and high-performance liquid chromatography. When purified, TST was examined by liquid-phase nondenaturing isoelectric focusing, it was found that the TST activity profile completely overlapped with the activity profile of the 3α-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (3αHST) isoform, but not the 3β-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (3βHST) isoform. This finding was further investigated by overexpressing the cDNAs for 3αHST and 3βHST in Escherichia coli and examining the expressed proteins for TST activity. This experiment confirmed that 3αHST does indeed function as a TST. In addition, 3αHST was also found to sulfonate estradiol but not estrone, a finding that further suggested that 3αHST may function as a general 17β-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase.
Gender moderates the impact of need for structure on social beliefs: Implications for ethnocentrism and authoritarianism

The present research examines the interplay between individual differences in need for structure, social beliefs, and gender. It is well documented that need for structure, that is, a preference for structure and simplicity in one's thinking, predicts authoritarianism and ethnocentrism. Further, women tend to score lower in authoritarianism and ethnocentrism than men. Although there seem to be no gender differences in need for structure, the present research hypothesizes that the association between need for structure and social beliefs is stronger for men than for women. This hypothesis comes from the observation that, all else being equal, men tend to think more about the domain of beliefs such as authoritarianism and ethnocentrism, which should strengthen the relationship between men's cognitive needs and their social beliefs. The hypothesis is also motivated by the finding that, more than men, women often give priority to caring and compassion when forming beliefs about outgroups. This should weaken t...
Continuous presence of Th1 conditions is necessary for longer lasting tumor-specific CTL activity in stimulation cultures with PBL

The generation of tumor-associated, but self-antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) response is possible by vaccination even in patients at the advanced stages of the disease. The in vivo expansion of such CTLs is now the most important objective of the immunotherapy. In human melanoma, we show here that MART-1(27-35)-specific CTLs generated with purified CD8+ cells survive and maintain their activity longer in culture than those CTLs generated by using total peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) taken either from patients or from normal donors. When PBL are grown under Th1 conditioning the quantity and quality of CTL with total PBL are comparable with that of the CTLs generated with purified CD8+ cells. For patients either autologous melanoma tumor cells or MART-1(27-35) peptide pulsed autologous DC were used to generate CTL responses. For normal donors MART-1(27-35) peptide pulsed autologous DC were used. For both normal donors or patients, polarization of PBL with Th1 conditioning with interleukin (IL)-12 (250 U/ml) and anti IL-4 antibody 1 mug/ml for 7 days before CTL generation, induced better and longer living CTL response and prevented the expansion of CD4+ T cells that have downregulatory activity. We show that continuous presence of Th1 conditioning in cultures with total PBL generated significantly higher number of antigen-specific CTLs as detected by MART-1 HLA-A2 tetramer staining. The antigen specificity of such CTLs were determined by IFN-gamma secretion in response to target cells bearing the specific antigen. Our observations indicate that Th1 conditioning results in a longer lasting CTL response in vitro and points toward a newer approach for vaccine strategy.
British Women Travellers and Constructions of Racial Difference Across the Nineteenth‐Century American West

At a time coinciding historically with the height of the British Empire, the immigrants' rush to occupy American West lands and the wholesale removal of Native Americans onto reservations, encounters between Native peoples and British women travellers became emblematic of a whole range of socio-spatial relationships of domination, subordination and resistance. In this paper, I examine representations of western Native Americans in the travelogues of ten British women travellers to the late nineteenth-century American West, produced primarily during encounters at sites along the western rail lines. Constructions of racial and gender differences in the texts can be tied to British colonial discourses, as well as to the social relations inherent in the multiple contact zones within which the encounters took place.
Office Information Systems: A Retrospective and a Call to Arms

Office Information Systems is a field of computer science concerned with studying offices and developing technologies to support office workers. The field initiated in 1982 suffered a gradual demise by 2004. However, many of the themes and issues that motivated the discipline continue to exist today. Office workers continue to struggle with routine tasks that do not have adequate IT support and the problem is worse for mobile employees. In this paper we provide a retrospective on OIS technologies with the hope of stimulating interest in the discipline and addressing the needs of office workers worldwide. The evolution of office technologies and a detailed discussion of past research are provided. The discussion shows that technology support for office workers is still inadequate. The paper suggests a technology vision and architecture to motivate researchers and identifies challenges for future research.
The Association Between Audit Quality and Post‐IPO Performance: A Survival Analysis Approach

This study examines the issue of whether audit quality contracted by issuers at the time of going public is associated with post‐IPO survival. Survival analysis methodology is applied to estimate the probability of post‐IPO time to failure as a function of audit quality. Through estimation of the Cox‐Proportional Hazards models, we find that audit quality is significantly related to post‐IPO time to failure both in isolation and in the presence of other covariates that influence firm survival. Further, the association between audit quality and post‐IPO survival is stronger when investment bank prestige is low.
Functional Role of Arginine During the Peri-implantation Period of Pregnancy. II. Consequences of Loss of Function of Nitric Oxide Synthase NOS3 mRNA in Ovine Conceptus Trophectoderm

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that regulates angiogenesis and vasodilation via activation of the cGMP pathway. However, functional roles of NO during embryonic development from spherical blastocysts to elongated filamentous conceptuses (embryo and extraembryonic membrane) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy have not been elucidated in vivo. In order to assess roles of NO production in survival and development of the ovine conceptus, we conducted an in vivo morpholino antisense oligonucleotide (MAO)-mediated knockdown trial of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) mRNA, the major isoform of NO synthase, in ovine conceptus trophectoderm (Tr). Translational knockdown of NOS3 mRNA results in small, thin, and underdeveloped conceptuses, but normal production of interferon-tau, the pregnancy recognition signal in sheep. MAO-NOS3 knockdown in conceptuses decreased the abundance of NOS3 (72%, P < 0.05) and the arginine transporter SLC7A1 proteins in conceptus Tr. Furthermore, the amounts of ornithine and polyamines were less (P < 0.01) in uterine fluid, whereas the amounts of arginine (58%, P < 0.01), citrulline (68%, P < 0.05), ornithine (68%, P < 0.001), glutamine (78%, P < 0.001), glutamate (68%, P < 0.05), and polyamines (P < 0.01) were less in conceptuses, which likely accounts for the failure of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses to develop normally. For MAO-NOS3 conceptuses, there were no compensatory increases in the expression levels of either nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) or nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) or in expression of enzymes for synthesis of polyamines (ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, agmatinase) from arginine or ornithine with which to rescue development of MAO-NOS3 conceptuses. Thus, the adverse effect of MAO-NOS3 to reduce NO generation and the transport of arginine and ornithine into conceptuses is central to an explanation for failure of normal development of MAO-NOS3, compared to control conceptuses. The study, for the first time, created an NO-deficient mammalian conceptus model in vivo and provided new insights into the orchestrated events of conceptus development during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. Our data suggest that NOS3 is the key enzyme for NO production by conceptus Tr and that this protein also regulates the availability of arginine in conceptus tissues for synthesis of polyamines that are essential for conceptus survival and development.
Active Low-Power Modes for Main Memory with MemScale

Main memory accounts for a growing fraction of server energy usage. Investigating active low-power modes for managing main memory, with a system called MemScale, the authors offer a solution for performance-aware energy management. By creating a set of low-power modes, hardware mechanisms and software policies, MemScale trades memory bandwidth for energy savings while tightly limiting the associated performance impact.
Symbolic Simulation for Functional Verification with ADLIB and SDL

The basic verification problem addressed in this paper is to determine the consistency of two digital design descriptions. This is done by symbolically simulating each description and comparing the results. This approach is complicated by the presence of different levels of abstraction and asynchronous timing. This paper motivates interest in this problem and provides background information on verification, ADLIB, and SDL. It then discusses approaches for dealing with the problems encountered in the symbolic simulation of ADLIB/SDL descriptions.
Portal venous gas and cardiopulmonary arrest during pneumatic reduction of an ileocolic intussusception.

Abstract We present the case of an 8-month-old infant with a small bowel obstruction secondary to an ileocolic intussusception without a pathologic lead point. During pneumatic reduction, the patient went into cardiopulmonary arrest, at which point portal venous gas (PVG) was visualized on radiography. Here we present—to our knowledge—the first reported case of PVG secondary to pneumatic reduction of an intussusception along with a review of the literature regarding known complications of pneumatic reduction and the etiologies of PVG.
The impact of imports and exports on domestic markets: An approach to detecting the relationships

Abstract This paper poses the question of whether it is possible to identify whether imports can exert an identifiable constraint on the pricing behavior of domestic producers of a good. A methodology is proposed and implemented for doing precisely this. In particular a model of the cement market in the United States is estimated and the impact of price on market behavior explored. The conclusion suggests that, at least for cement, imports have the predicted relationships. Finally, the question of whether the market model constructed is stable in the statistical sense is addressed. Only the export relationship is problematic.
Urinary creatinine as an index of urinary excretion of estrogen in cows prepartum and postpartum.

Abstract Urine was collected from 55 cows via indwelling urinary catheters for periods of 12h on different days (28 days prepartum to 60 days postpartum). Excretion of urinary creatinine (mg/h per kg bodyweight) among Holsteins increased from .94 on day 28 prepartum to 1.14 on day .5 postpartum and then decreased to .82 on days 30 to 45 of lactation. Excretion of creatinine among 12-h collections of urine on different days did not differ for groups of cows within periods prepartum and postpartum, and coefficients of variation within cows were 12 to 13%. Ratio of urinary estradiol (—17 alpha) to urinary creatinine was correlated (.93) more highly with its excretion based on volume of urine excreted than was its urinary concentration (.79) within periods prepartum and postpartum. Ratios of urinary metabolites to urinary creatinine rather than their concentrations should be used to express rates of excretion in cows' urine when urine excreted per hour is unknown. Moreover, daily rates of excretion of estradiol in urine can be estimated [ng estradiol/day = A × ng/mg urinary creatinine × kg bodyweight × 24h, where A is average excretion of urinary creatinine (mg/h per kg bodyweight)] for respective days prepartum and postpartum.
Expert system application using optical-fibre sensor classification data

Abstract Optical-fibre sensors (OFSs) have, over the years, contributed to the significant range of available sensors and instrumentation of all types, and have been configured to sense a variety of physical perturbations. The wide applicability of OFS devices in recent measurement and instrumentation applications has led to a number of different types of classifications of these devices. This paper reports recent research on the development of a new, systematic and convenient classification that provides a suitable environment for its application to an expert system, and its implementation in a knowledge-based system (KBS). This classification aims to assist unskilled users to exploit the available technology and select new and specific sensors. A classification of requirement specifications and its use for OFS evaluation purposes are discussed.
Planning and control from the perspective of labour: A short presentation of the demos project☆

Abstract The objective of the DEMOS project (Democratic Planning and Control in Working Life) is the development of knowledge about planning, control and computer use. It is based upon the interests of workers and their trade unions and consists of two parts. The first is the study and analysis of corporate planning, control and computer use in cooperation with investigative groups in selected local unions, simultaneously testing trade union procedures in investigations. The second part relates to the development of alternative theories and research methods which differ from the current, dominating perspective. The project is expected to be of significance to continued interdisciplinary research on working life with a trade union connection. The results can be of use in trade union negotiations and judgements, both centrally and locally, and constitute a basis for educational materials both for unions and for state schools.
Evaluation of a teen dating violence social marketing campaign: Lessons learned when the null hypothesis was accepted

This report describes an evaluation of a teen dating violence prevention media campaign, including evaluation design and results, and the challenges that arose during the evaluation process. It makes recommendations for future evaluations of mass media campaigns that target adolescents.
Unconventional Superconductivity and Heavy Fermion Behavior in PrOs4Sb12

Research carried out during the last several years on the heavy fermion superconductor PrOs4Sb12 is reviewed. The compound PrOs4Sb12 exhibits unconventional strong coupling superconductivity below a superconducting critical temperature T c = 1.85 K. The superconducting state breaks time reversal symmetry, apparently consists of several distinct superconducting phases, some of which may have point nodes in the energy gap, and may involve triplet spin pairing of electrons. The determination of the Pr3+ energy level scheme in the crystalline electric field, as well as the discovery and characterization of the high field-ordered phase (HFOP), which has been identified with antiferroquadrupolar order, are described. Studies of the substitutional systems Pr(Os1−x Ru x )4Sb12, Pr1−x La x Os4Sb12, and Pr1−x Nd x Os4Sb12 are summarized and compared.
In vitro translation of the major capsid polypeptide from Ustilago maydis virus strain P1

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from Ustilago maydis virus strain P1 was translated in vitro using a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Following heat denaturation of the H2 double-stranded RNA segment in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide and incubation in the cell free extract, a primary translation product was observed which showed the same molecular weight and co-migrated with viral coat protein on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The in vitro product of the H2 dsRNA segment could also be immunoprecipitated with antibodies prepared against viral coat protein. Limited proteolysis of the in vitro product and authentic viral coat protein using Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease produced similar peptide patterns on SDS gels. In vitro translation products from other dsRNA segments that make up the P1 viral genome could not be precipitated by antibody to viral coat protein. These results complement the genetic data that indicated that information for coat formation and maintenance was contained within the H segments of dsRNA.
FACTORS AND THE PRICING OF IPO AFTERMARKET RETURNS

This paper uses a multifactor logit model to analyze the aftermarket performance of randomly chosen IPO's in hot and cold markets. The theories of risk aversion and utility maximization, in conjunction with the paper's empirical results, suggest that cold market investors are more risk averse than are hot market investors.
Losing Images in Digital Radiology: More than You Think

It is a common belief that the shift to digital imaging some 20 years ago helped medical image exchange and got rid of any potential image loss that was happening with printed image films. Unfortunately, this is not the case: despite the most recent advances in digital imaging, most hospitals still keep losing their imaging data, with these losses going completely unnoticed. As a result, not only does image loss affect the faith in digital imaging but it also affects patient diagnosis and daily quality of clinical work. This paper identifies the origins of invisible image losses, provides methods and procedures to detect image loss, and demonstrates modes of action that can be taken to stop the problem from happening.
Comparison of Crystal Structure and Theory for 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine

The crystal structure of the food mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Crystals grown by evaporation of an aqueous solution form in the monoclinic space group P21/n with two molecules of PhIP per asymmetric unit, along with six water molecules. The phenyl groups of these two PhIP molecules have torsion angles of different magnitude with respect to the plane of the imidazopyridine moiety. To maintain centrosymmetry, the crystal also contains an oppositely torsioned symmetry equivalent of each. The amino groups of both PhIP molecules take part in an extensive hydrogen bond network with the water of crystallization, forming long channels through the crystals parallel to the crystallographic b axis. The diffraction results are compared to theoretical calculations of the optimized geometry for a single PhIP molecule in vacuo as well as with water hydrogen-bonded to the exocyclic amine. In general, the agreement between the ...
Extreme resistance of bdelloid rotifers to ionizing radiation

Rotifers of class Bdelloidea are common invertebrate animals with highly unusual characteristics, including apparently obligate asexuality, the ability to resume reproduction after desiccation at any life stage, and a paucity of transposable genetic elements of types not prone to horizontal transmission. We find that bdelloids are also extraordinarily resistant to ionizing radiation (IR). Reproduction of the bdelloids Adineta vaga and Philodina roseola is much more resistant to IR than that of Euchlanis dilatata, a rotifer belonging to the desiccation-intolerant and facultatively sexual class Monogononta, and all other animals for which we have found relevant data. By analogy with the desiccation- and radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, we suggest that the extraordinary radiation resistance of bdelloid rotifers is a consequence of their evolutionary adaptation to survive episodes of desiccation encountered in their characteristic habitats and that the damage incurred in such episodes includes DNA breakage that is repaired upon rehydration. Such breakage and repair may have maintained bdelloid chromosomes as colinear pairs and kept the load of transposable genetic elements low and may also have contributed to the success of bdelloid rotifers in avoiding the early extinction suffered by most asexuals.
Deep hole traps in VPE p-type InP

Deep hole traps were investigated in vapour phase epitaxial p-type InP by transient capacitance spectroscopy. A total of five hole traps were observed with activation energies of 0.09, 0.22, 0.29, 0.41 and 0.50 eV in Al-InP Schottky barriers and p-n+ junctions. Trap concentrations ranged from 1013 to 1014 cm-3.
Grasping the Intentions of Others: The Perceived Intentionality of an Action Influences Activity in the Superior Temporal Sulcus during Social Perception

An explication of the neural substrates for social perception is an important component in the emerging field of social cognitive neuroscience and is relevant to the field of cognitive neuroscience as a whole. Prior studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that passive viewing of biological motion (Pelphrey, Mitchell, et al., 2003; Puce et al., 1998) activates the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS ) region. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that the perceived context of observed gaze shifts (Pelphrey, Singerman, et al., 2003; Pelphrey et al., 2004) modulates STS activity. Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at 4 T, we investigated brain activity in response to passive viewing of goal- and nongoal-directed reaching-to-grasp movements. Participants viewed an animated character making reaching-to-grasp movements either toward (correct) or away (incorrect) from a blinking dial. Both conditions evoked significant posterior STS activity that was strongly right lateralized. By examining the time course of the blood oxygenation level-dependent response from areas of activation, we observed a functional dissociation. Incorrect trials evoked significantly greater activity in the STS than did correct trials, while an area posterior and inferior to the STS (likely corresponding to the MT/ V5 complex) responded equally to correct and incorrect movements. Parietal cortical regions, including the superior parietal lobule and the anterior intraparietal sulcus, also responded equally to correct and incorrect movements, but showed evidence for differential responding based on the hand and arm (left or right) of the animated character used to make the reaching-to-grasp movement. The results of this study further suggest that a region of the right posterior STS is involved in analyzing the intentions of other people's actions and that activity in this region is sensitive to the context of observed biological motions.
Mikrobielle asymmetrische Katalyse — enantioselektive Reduktion von Ketonen

Die mikrobielle asymmetrische Reduktion von Ketonen wird sehr oft zur Herstellung chiraler Alkohole benutzt. Dieser Fortschrittsbericht beschaftigt sich mit den Gesetzmasigkeiten, die der Enantioselektivitat von Enzymen und intakten Zellen zugrundeliegen. Es werden Strategien zur Steuerung des stereochemischen Verlaufs mikrobieller Reduktionen und die Beziehung zwischen Substratstruktur und Enantioselektivitat diskutiert.