cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of processing parameters on the tensile properties of alumina fiber reinforced magnesium

The effect of processing variables on the tensile properties of commercially pure (CP) magnesium reinforced with FP alumina fibers has been studied. Composite plates were cast at 698°C, 755°C, and 810°C, with a five-minute hold period prior to solidification. The properties of the composites were compared to those of both conventionally cast CP magnesium and ZE41A (Mg-4.25Zn-0.5Zr-1.25RE) composites. The tensile properties were found to be independent of casting temperature in the range 698 to 810°C, although the five-minute hold period significantly decreased the axial properties of the CP magnesium. The results indicated that, during processing, the time at temperature has a more pronounced effect on tensile strength than the actual casting temperature. Increasing casting temperature was found to increase the MgO fiber-matrix reaction zone to a size comparable to that observed in conventionally processed ZE41A material. However, the strengths of the CP magnesium composites cast at the three different temperatures were significantly lower than that of ZE41A, indicating that the interfacial strengthening observed in ZE41A is not due to larger MgO reaction zone particles. A possible explanation for the interfacial strengthening in ZE41A is the presence of zinc and aluminum in low concentrations, which act to enhance the bonding between the reaction zone and the metallic matrix.
Use of a Genealogical Database Demonstrates Heritability of Pulmonary Fibrosis

Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive fatal disease of unknown etiology. Identification of risk genes and pathways will enhance our understanding of this disease. Analysis of Utah genealogical resources has shown previously strong evidence for a genetic contribution to other disease, such as cancer. This approach has led to gene discovery in diseases, such as breast cancer and colon cancer and is used here for PF to quantify the heritability.
“No” Says this Administrator!: Should the Operating Room be a Separate Department?

(1955). “No” Says this Administrator!: Should the Operating Room be a Separate Department? Hospital Topics: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 81-83.
Microbial degradation of synthetic sperm whale oils

Thirteen synthetic sperm whale oils, including four sulfated and three sulfurized products, were tested for biodegradability using growth ofPseudomonas aeruginosa and BOD5 as indicators. All of the underivatized oils were found to be easily degraded; the sulfated and sulfurized products were relatively resistant. Four oils showed anti-microbial properties at concentrations of more than 1.0%. All the replacements are capable of causing BOD loading problems.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of reduced tardive dyskinesia with second-generation antipsychotics

Background Second-generation antipsychotics may have few advantages over older, cheaper drugs, except for possibly reduced risk of tardive dyskinesia. Aims To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics with regard to reducing tardive dyskinesia. Method Literature was reviewed on riskof tardive dyskinesia with second-generation antipsychotics; on severity, duration and impairment of tardive dyskinesia; and on the relationship of this disorder to quality of life and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Diverse cost and benefit assumptions and of 1-year and 5-year planning horizons were examined in a deterministic sensitivity analysis. Results Estimating 0.143 QALYs lost per case of severe tardive dyskinesia, 1-year cost-effectiveness estimates for second-generation antipsychotics ranged from £185 000 ($370 000) to £850 000 ($1.7 million) per QALY, and 5-year cumulative estimates ranged from £74 000 ($149 000) to £342 000 ($683 0000) per QALY, all above the conventional policy threshold of £25 000 ($50 000). Conclusions Reduction of tardive dyskinesia with second-generation antipsychotics appears unlikely to meet standards for cost-effectiveness.
Raman scattering in amorphous Ge and III–V compounds

Abstract Raman spectra of amorphous Ge prepared by various methods, and several amorphous III–V compounds (InP, GaP, GaAs, InAs, InSb, AlSb) prepared by flash evaporation or sputtering are reported. The results give a semiquantitative picture of the density of phonon states which preserves the main features of the crystalline material. The Raman spectra of III–V compounds show the presence of V-V bonds whose intensity depends on the preparation of the films.
Cooperation in two person games, revisited

Luminaries such as Nash (1953), Raiffa (1953), and Selten (1960), studied cooperation in two-person strategic games. We point out that when players may make monetary side payments, i.e., bimatrix games with transferable utility (TU), all previous solutions coincide. This solution is justified by simple axioms and an elementary decomposition of every such game into a (competitive) zero-sum game and a (cooperative) team game.
Hybridity as Subversion of Orthodoxy? Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity

Hybridity inflects Jewish and Christian identity in precisely the places where ‘‘purity’’ is most forcefully inscribed. In the formative texts of both traditions, heresy is pushed ‘‘outside’’ via its syncretistic representation, even as the other religion is brought ‘‘inside’’ through its close identification with heresy. Athanasius of Alexandria’s 4th-century construction of doctrinal orthodoxy in opposition to the ‘‘Judaizing’’ heresy of Arius here serves as a case study of the imperializing hybrid identity inscribed by Christian heresiology. Talmudic tales of contested martyrdom in turn offer examples of the Jewish representation of heresy as a problem of ‘‘Christianizing’’ practice that produces the Rabbi as a resistant hybrid subject. Bringing the discursive analysis of ancient texts into dialogue with present contexts, the authors acknowledge both the promise of a ‘‘Third Space’’ of hybridity opening onto inter-religious negotiation and the menace potentially conveyed by such hyphenated identities a...
An apparatus and behavioral training protocol to conduct positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging in conscious rhesus monkeys

Nonhuman primates offer a unique resource in neuroimaging research, providing the opportunity to manipulate appropriate biological and behavioral variables under well-controlled experimental conditions in an animal model that is closely related to humans, both functionally and neuroanatomically. The present report describes the development and standardization of PET neuroimaging protocols in conscious rhesus monkeys and their application to characterize the acute effects of cocaine on cerebral blood flow. Specific attention was devoted to the development of an effective and comfortable head restraint device to be used in the imaging of conscious monkeys. The restraint device was designed to attach to a standard primate chair to facilitate frequent immobilization. Subjects received extensive behavioral training prior to neuroimaging in order to ensure their comfort and minimize potential stress associated with the imaging protocols. Functional changes in cerebral blood flow were characterized in three subjects with the positron-emitting tracer 15O water following acute i.v. administration of cocaine. Regions of interest were defined on MRI scans with a high degree of accuracy. Cocaine caused pronounced increases in cerebral blood flow at 5 min postinjection that diminished markedly within 25 min. The results document the feasibility to conduct PET neuroimaging studies of cerebral blood flow in conscious nonhuman primates. Extension of the methodology to include brain activation during behavioral studies could contribute significantly to the growing discipline of behavioral neuroscience.
Isolated fractures of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus

This review addresses isolated greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus. The important aspects of the epidemiology, anatomy, fracture classification, associated injuries, and treatment are discussed. Although isolated greater tuberosity fractures are well recognized, there are few studies that specifically evaluate the outcome of these injuries. Our experience and review of the recent literature suggest that more precise evaluation of diagnostic criteria, treatment selection, and outcome is required.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in the Regulation of Coronary Cell Migration

Abstract —The migration of vascular cells is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Because the activation of adventitial fibroblasts has been implicated in coronary repair, we have examined regional differences in cell outgrowth and the synthesis of MMPs/TIMPs in different layers of porcine coronary arteries. Coronary medial explants demonstrated significantly slower cell outgrowth than coronary adventitia in culture ( P <0.001). These observations were paralleled by the predominant expression of TIMP-1 and -2 in the media (14-fold and 37-fold higher than in adventitia, respectively, P <0.001), whereas higher gelatinolytic activities (MMP-2 and -9) were released from adventitial explants. Smooth muscle cell outgrowth from the media was regulated by endogenous TIMPs, since TIMP inhibition (recombinant MMP-2 or neutralizing anti-TIMP antibodies) facilitated cell outgrowth ( P <0.001). In contrast, the addition of recombinant TIMP-1 or -2 decreased adventitial cell outgrowth. In the coculture experiments, the presence of coronary media retarded adventitial cell outgrowth, whereas medial damage abrogated these effects, allowing for fibroblast migration ( P <0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated differential migratory properties and distinct MMP/TIMP synthesis by coronary fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Endogenous TIMPs in the media may play an important role in maintaining coronary arterial wall homeostasis, whereas high levels of matrix-degrading activities confer the “invasive” characteristics of adventitial fibroblasts.
Misreading the Metaphor: A Comment on Mishler's “Narrativity and Metaphor”

I have misgivings about considering religion quite so specifically and constantly from a political perspective. Occasionally, concern with politics can outrun the data base... [For example,] passages on government policy tend to attribute motivation without demonstrating it, either through citation of literature about political decision making in Taiwan or through interview materials with policymakers. My own very limited experience interviewing Taiwan government personnel about religion suggests much less rigid and self-interested motives than I find assumed here, apparently from first principles.
Linguistic Interactions: A Therapeutic Consideration for Adults With Aphasia

Abstract Linguistic interaction models suggest that interrelationships arise between structural language components and between structural and pragmatic components when language is used in social contexts. The linguist, David Crystal (1986, 1987), has proposed that these relationships are central, not peripheral, to achieving desired clinical outcomes. For individuals with severe communication challenges, erratic or unpredictable relationships between structural and pragmatic components can result in atypical patterns of interaction between them and members of their social communities, which may create a perception of disablement. This paper presents a case study of a woman with fluent, Wernicke's aphasia that illustrates how attention to patterns of linguistic interaction may enhance AAC intervention for adults with aphasia.
Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO(3) waveguides.

Channel waveguides fabricated in LiNbO3 substrates by proton exchange in melts of benzoic acid have been analyzed by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy. The depletion of lithium from the waveguide regions, owing to proton exchange, was found to depend to a strong degree on guide width as well as diffusion time for common (249°C) ion-exchange temperatures. In addition to a reduced depth, a guide formed by diffusing through a 6-μm-wide metallic aperture for 10 min suffered 60% less lithium depletion near its surface than one formed by diffusing through a 12-μm aperture for the same time. Optical measurements were performed at 1060 and 1320 nm in guides of width ranging from 5 to 10 μm.
A proposed collector design of double heterojunction bipolar transistors for power applications

A new collector design for the AlGaAs-GaAs double heterostructure bipolar transistor (DHBT) is proposed, analyzed, and simulated. The base-collector junction is linearly graded and terminated with a highly doped thin layer to offset the adverse alloy grading electric field. Simple analytical formulas are derived to facilitate the implementation of the design. A proof-of-principle simulation has been carried out for an X-band AlGaAs-GaAs power DHBT to confirm the design and the derived formula. The simulation shows the breakdown voltage can be increased from 30 V to about 45 V while the critical current density is about the same. It is also shown that, unlike other refined DHBT structures, the proposed structure does not require critical control in the fabrication of the base-collector junction. >
Rewritable storage channels

We introduce a general model of the rewritable storage channel in which rewriting can be used to improve storage capacity at the cost of encoding time. We then focus on a particular rewritable storage channel and show that if the average number of writes increases by a factor of c, storage capacity increases by an additional log c bits; we conjecture that capacity gains due to iterations for other scenarios will follow a similar trend. We will also discuss a number of open problems with practical significance in the context of rewritable storage channels.
Ligamentous avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb of a child

Ulnar collateral ligament ruptures of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb in children are usually associated with epiphyseal fractures of the proximal phalanx and, less frequently, cartilaginous fragments from the metacarpal. Radiographs are often normal. We describe an isolated ligamentous avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament from the thumb metacarpal, without a bony or cartilaginous fragment, in a skeletally immature 12-year-old boy.
Reducing a number of full-wave analyses in RBF neural network optimization of complex microwave structures

This paper introduces an original technique of neural network optimization of substantially less computational cost and suitable for viable CAD of complex microwave systems. A number of necessary full-wave simulations are dramatically reduced due to a special objective function and CORS sampling in the dynamic training of the decomposed RBF network. Performance of the algorithm is illustrated by its application to a waveguide band-pass filter and a dielectric resonator antenna; their optimal designs are found from 5-parameter optimizations requiring as little as 167 and 99 analyses, respectively.
Gender Role Conflict and Psychological Distress: The Role of Social Support

Recent theoretical work in the psychology of men suggests that the negative consequences associated with traditional male gender roles might be lessened for men who experience a sense of social support. However, little research exists exploring how men adaptively utilize social support. Using a sample of 396 male participants, this study explores whether social support mediates or moderates the relationship between gender role conflict and psychological distress. Results demonstrate that social support acts as a mediator only between Restricted Emotionality and psychological distress as well as Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress. Furthermore, social support moderated only Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress.
Effect of dietary carbohydrate source on the development of obesity in agouti transgenic mice.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of a qualitative change in dietary carbohydrate source on body weight and adiposity in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: We evaluated the effects of high-fat diets (basal) varying in carbohydrate source in aP2-agouti transgenic mice. In the ad libitum study, animals were given free access to the basal diet or one of four test diets for 6 weeks. In two of the diets, dietary carbohydrate was derived from a single source: mung bean noodles (MUNG) or rolled oats (ROLL). The remaining diets were designed to mimic commercially available instant oatmeal with added sugar (IO-S) or flavored instant oatmeal (IO-F). In the energy-restricted study, animals were given ad libitum access to the basal diet for 6 weeks. Subsequently, animals were assigned to one of six treatment groups for 6 weeks. One group was continued on the basal diet ad libitum. The remaining groups were maintained with energy restriction (70% ad libitum) on either the basal, MUNG, ROLL, IO-S, or IO-F diet. Results: Subcutaneous fat pad mass was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the energy-restricted basal and IO-S groups compared with the energy-restricted ROLL diet. Similarly, visceral fat pad mass was significantly lower with ROLL and MUNG diets (p < 0.05 for both) compared with basal and IO-S diets, and the insulin:glucose ratio was reduced (by 23% to 34%, p < 0.05) in these two diets compared with all others. In ad libitum-fed animals, liver fatty acid synthase expression was 43% to 62% lower (p < 0.05) with ROLL and MUNG diets compared with all others. Discussion: These data suggest that a qualitative change in dietary carbohydrate source modulates body weight and adiposity.
Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Aldehyde Oxidation

Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HL-ADH) is a broad specificity enzyme that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of a wide range of both primary and secondary alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones (Figure 1). The reaction mechanism and kinetics of the enzyme have been extensively characterized and its 3-dimensional structure is known (for a review see Pettersson, 1987).
Polarized Signal Unmixing Utilizing Homology Groups Representing Momentum States

A null inner product is successfully applied as an orthogonality constraint for scalar-sensor arrays. This analysis derives a signal processing method optimized for unmixing the signals collected by vector-sensor arrays. Vector-sensor arrays, such as polarization-diverse planar arrays, simultaneously collect multiple polarized signal components from each source. Instead of projecting the collected signals onto a basis set of orthogonal unit polar vectors, this method projects the signals onto a basis set of unitary matrices enabling joint representation of not only polar but also axial symmetries. This method exploits the fact that unmixed solutions preserve a homology group representing a time-invariant momentum state unique to each source. A mixture of multiple elliptically polarized signals cannot be completely unmixed by a signal processing algorithm utilizing a complex vector representation as they do not account for the momentum contribution to the signal's Hamiltonian induced by interaction with elliptically polarized photons. This group-theoretic unmixing relation is demonstrated to possess a signal processing gain with respect to complex vector-algebra approaches when there are multiple elliptically-polarized signals in the mixture. This method delivers optimal polarized signal unmixing for vector-sensor systems under real-world conditions, where the polarization diversities of signals need not be assumed to be constrained in any manner. Homology group matched filtering will find application in signal processing systems which need to optimally exploit elliptically polarized signals.
Planning for success: Identifying effective and efficient survey designs for monitoring

Selecting a survey design to detect change through time in an ecological resource requires balancing the speed with which a given level of change can be detected against the cost of monitoring. Planning studies allow one to assess these tradeoffs and identify the optimal design choices for a specific scenario of change. However, such studies seldom are conducted. Even worse, they seem least likely to be undertaken when they offer the most insight – when survey methods and monitoring designs are complex and not well captured by simple statistical models. This may be due to limited technical capacity within management agencies. Without such planning, managers risk a potentially severe waste of monitoring resources on ineffective and inefficient monitoring, and institutions will remain ignorant of the true costs of information and the potential efficiency gains afforded by a moderate increase in technical capacity. We discuss the importance of planning studies, outline their main components, and illustrate the process through an investigation of competing designs for monitoring for declining brown bear (Ursus arctos) densities in southwestern Alaska. The results provide guidance on how long monitoring must be sustained before any change is likely to be detected (under a scenario of rather strong true decline), the optimal designs for detecting a change, and a tradeoff where accepting a delay of 2 years in detecting the change could reduce the monitoring cost by almost 50%. This report emphasizes the importance of planning studies for guiding monitoring decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Brokering aid through tourism: The contradictory roles of volunteer coordinators in Cusco, Peru

This article considers the crucial role played by local volunteer tourism coordinators in Cusco, Peru. Previous studies tend to neglect this population, but as gatekeepers facilitating interactions between international sending agencies, volunteer tourists, and the aid communities they serve, coordinators are uniquely positioned to comment on multiple facets of the industry. I argue that their continuous juggling of contradictory goals—the satisfaction of their tourist clients, the economic viability of their employers’ placement businesses, the charitable aims of the project beneficiaries receiving their volunteers—points to larger tensions between commercial and philanthropic aims. In analyzing the practices and narratives of five coordinators, I draw attention to this particular group of actors’ struggles to reconcile the same moral and applied dilemmas of ‘making a difference,’ profit, representation, and sense of self and purpose that other sector participants experience.
Family Factors and Body Mass Index Among Korean-American Preschoolers

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine family factors related to BMI z-scores and overweight/obesity among Korean-American (KA) preschoolers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 KA preschoolers and their mothers in the Chicago metropolitan area. KA mothers completed questionnaires and their preschool-age children's weights and heights were measured. Hierarchical multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression were performed. Results Twenty-two percent of preschoolers were overweight or obese (BMI ≥85th percentile). Family factors explained 30% of the variance in the children's BMI z-scores, with parenting feeding style and family functioning contributing most. In logistic regression, children were more likely to be overweight/obese if: a family had more children, the mother perceived her child as overweight/obese, and the family had regular child routines. Conclusion Health care providers should consider the family as one unit of care and use that unit to implement culturally appropriate childhood overweight/obesity prevention for Korean-American preschool-aged children. Parental feeding style and parents' attitudes about child weight should be considered when advising Korean-Americans about reducing children's overweight/obesity.
LONG-TERM ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL, FERTILITY, AND POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF BLACK BEARS IN NORTH CAROLINA

We estimated survival, fertility, and realized and asymptotic population growth rates from 1981 to 2002 for a protected population of black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We used Akaike’s information criterion to assess the time interval for averaging observations that was best for estimating vital rates for our study, given our yearly sample sizes. The temporal symmetry approach allowed us to directly assess population growth and to address all losses and gains to the population by using only capture data, offering an alternative to the logistically intensive collection of reproductive data. Models that averaged survival and fertility across 5- and 7-year time intervals were best supported by our data. Studies of black bear populations with annual sample sizes similar to ours should be of at least 5 years in duration to estimate vital rates reliably, and at least 10 years in duration to evaluate changes in population growth rate (k). We also hypothesized that survival would not track changes in k because k is influenced by both survival and fertility. The 5-year model supported our hypothesis, but the 7-year model did not. Where long-term dynamics of large, relatively stable bear populations are of interest, monitoring survival is likely to be sufficient for evaluating trends in k. For rapidly changing, small populations, however, failure to incorporate fertility into assessments of k could be misleading.
A randomized controlled trial comparing yoga, physical, therapy, and education for chronic low back pain in predominantly low income minorities

Purpose: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) causes substantial morbidity and cost to societywhile disproportionately impacting low income andminorities. RCTs show yoga is effective for CLBP. However, the comparative effectiveness of yoga to physical therapy (PT), a common mainstream CLBP treatment, is unknown. Methods: From June 2012–October 2014 we conducted a one year RCT (n=320) comparing yoga, PT, and education for CLBP in predominantly low-income minority adults recruited from diverse Boston, USA neighborhoods. Inclusion criteria were adult s 18-64 with non-specific CLBP lasting >12 weeks and self-reported average pain >4 on a 0-10 scale. Participants were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio into (1) a standardized weekly hatha yoga class supplemented with a DVD for home practice; (2) a standardized PT protocol adapted from the Treatment Based Classification method, individually delivered by a physical therapist and supplemented by home practice; and (3) education delivered through a self-care book. Co-primary outcome measures were 12 week pain intensity measured on an 11 point numerical rating scale and backspecific function measured using the modified Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ).We usedmultiple regression and intent-to-treat to test non-inferiority of yoga to PT at 12 weeks. Non-inferiority margins for pain were established a priori as -1 and 1.5 for pain and RMDQ, respectively. Results: Participant mean age was 47 years; 64% were female; 77% were non-white; 41% had high school education or less; and 53%had an annual income≤$20,000. Baseline pain intensity and RMDQ were 7.1 (1.4) and 14.8 (5.3), respectively. At 12 weeks, LBP intensity decreased -1.7 compared to -2.3 for PT. RMDQ improved -3.9 and -3.6 for yoga and PT, respectively. Conclusion: For chronic LBP, yogawas non-inferior to physical therapy for reduction inpain and improvement in function at 12 weeks. Contact: Robert Saper, Robert.Saper@bmc.org
Uniform FIR approximation of causal Wiener filters, with applications to causal coherence

Leveraging the relationship between Wiener filtering and the coherence function, a version of coherence is defined that captures the causal relationship between WSS processes. This causal coherence is interpreted in a modeling context and used to demonstrate what a frequency dependent measure for causality both can and cannot represent. To understand how well frequency dependent causal coherence spectra can be estimated with finite order approximations, the convergence of FIR causal Wiener filters to the full IIR causal Wiener filter is investigated as filter length goes to infinity. The main results prove Lp convergence of the frequency responses for p = 1 , 2 , ∞ under certain Holder continuity conditions on the power spectra, as well as give asymptotic upper bounds for the convergence error. As a corollary, under the same conditions, the uniform convergence of the power spectra of AR approximations is shown as model order goes to infinity. HighlightsDefines a generalization of coherence that can capture causal relationships.Proves uniform convergence of the FIR causal Wiener filters under Holder conditions.Proves uniform convergence of the PSDs of finite order AR approximations.Gives asymptotic upper bounds on the convergence errors.
Crystal structure of cis,fac-{N,N-bis­[(pyridin-2-yl)meth­yl]methyl­amine-κ3N,N′,N′′}di­chlorido­(dimethyl sulfoxide-κS)ruthenium(II)

The reaction of di­chlorido­tetra­kis­(dimethyl sulfoxide)­ruthen­ium(II) with N,N-bis[(pyridin-2-yl)meth­yl]methyl­amine aff­ords the title complex, [RuCl2(C13H15N3)(C2H6OS)]. The asymmetric unit contains a well-ordered complex mol­ecule. The N,N-bis­[(pyridin-2-yl)meth­yl]methyl­amine (bpma) ligand binds the cation through its two pyridyl N atoms and one aliphatic N atom in a facial manner. The coordination sphere of the low-spin d6 RuII is distorted octahedral. The dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) ligand coordinates to the cation through its S atom and is cis to the aliphatic N atom. The two chloride ligands occupy the remaining sites. The bpma ligand is folded with the dihedral angle between the mean planes passing through its two pyridine rings being 64.55 (8)°. The two N—Ru—N bite angles of the ligand at 81.70 (7) and 82.34 (8)° illustrate the distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry of the RuII cation. Two neighboring molecules are weakly associated through mutual intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving the O atom and one of the methyl groups of the dmso ligand. One of the chloride ligands is also weakly hydrogen bonded to a pyridyl H atom of another molecule.
Selective Deoxygenation of Aldehydes: The Reaction of Acetaldehyde and Glycolaldehyde on Zn/Pt(111) Bimetallic Surfaces

Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) were used to characterize the adsorption and reaction of acetaldehyde and glycolaldehyde on Zn-modified Pt(111) surfaces. The barriers for both C–H and C–C bond cleavage in adsorbed aldehydes were found to be higher on Pt(111) decorated with Zn adatoms or containing a PtZn near-surface alloy, compared to Zn-free Pt(111). This results in stabilization of aldehydes adsorbed in an η2(C,O) bonding configuration and hinders formation of acyl intermediates as typically occurs on group 10 metals. Adsorbed η2(C,O) acetaldehyde and glycolaldehyde on Zn-modified Pt(111) were found to undergo selective C–O bond scission to produce adsorbed hydrocarbon intermediates and hydroxyl groups, while decarbonylation of acyl species to produce CO and hydrocarbon fragments was the primary pathway on the Zn-free surface. These results provide mechanistic insights that are useful for the design of hydrodeoxygenation catalysts f...
Dilution and the Elusive Baseline

Knowledge of baseline conditions is critical for evaluating quantitatively the effect of human activities on environmental conditions, such as the impact of acid deposition. Efforts to restore ecosystems to prior, “pristine” condition require restoration targets, often based on some presumed or unknown baseline condition. Here, we show that rapid and relentless dilution of surface water chemistry is occurring in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, following decades of acid deposition. Extrapolating measured linear trends using a unique data set of up to 47 years, suggest that both precipitation and streamwater chemistry (r2 >0.84 since 1985) in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) will approximate demineralized water within one to three decades. Because such dilute chemistry is unrealistic for surface waters, theoretical baseline compositions have been calculated for precipitation and streamwater: electrical conductivity of 3 and 5 μS/cm, base cation concentrations of 7 and 39 μeq/liter, acid-ne...
Investigation of the oxidation of hot- pressed Si3N4 with infra- red reflection spectroscopy (IRRS)

Infra-red reflection spectroscopy (IRRS) is used to investigate the oxidation of hot pressed silicon nitride. The hot pressing additives, MgO and ZrO2, are shown to have different effects on oxidation behaviour. Correlations between the area under an IRRS spectrum and the fracture strength of an oxidized specimen are demonstrated. Conclusions are drawn regarding the types of flaws generated during oxidation.
Elongation, Alignment, and Guided Electrophoretic Migration of ds-DNA in Flow-Aligned Hexagonal F127 Gels

Elongation, alignment, and electrophoretic migration of double stranded DNA (ds-DNA) are investigated within flow aligned hexagonal Pluronic F127 mesophases contained in microfluidic channels. The DNA molecules are stained with YOYO-1 for visualization of their positions, conformations, and motions, which are recorded by wide-field fluorescence video microscopy. The videos show that the ds-DNA molecules are elongated in flow aligned hexagonal F127 mesophases, with the long axis of the DNA molecules aligned parallel to the flow direction. Elongation and alignment are most prevalent near the channel surface in the hexagonal mesophase. In contrast, little or no alignment is observed for the cubic mesophase. DNA elongation and alignment may involve adsorption of one strand end to the glass surface, or its capture by an adsorbed, structured surface layer of F127. Subsequent stretching of the DNA would then occur within the steep flow profile that exists near the glass surface during filling of the microfluidic...
Common questions and countermeasures during test run of negative pressure infectious experimental animal facility

Objective: To find the problems through the test run of our negative pressure infectious experimental animal facility to correct them in time. Methods: We classified the key points which must be focused on during the test run. They included requirements satisfied, quality control, veterinary nursing, occupational health and emergency drill. Results: We analyzed the main problems and put forward the countermeasures after the test run. Conclusion: We have handled the problems immediately before the formal experiments and got the experience which can be used in the future work.
Status Analysis of Overweight Villagers in Hurairou District of Beijing City

[Objective]To understand the status of overweight villagers' blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipid,and provide evidence for further treatment and prevention.[Methods]Cluster sampling was adopted to select 101 overweight villages aged 38.0～65.3 years from Huairou District,according to Asian adults BMI.The prevalence of hypertension,hyperglycemia,dyslipidemia were analyzed.[Results]The detection rates of blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipid all were 100%.The incidence of hypertension,impaired fasting glucose and diabetes,dyslipidemia was 54.4%,5.8%,60.2%,respectively.Those of male were 56.3%,12.5%,62.5%,higher than 54.0%,4.6%,59.8%of female.With the age growing (35～45 age group),the incidence of hypertension,impaired fasting glucose,dyslipidemia increased annually.The awareness of Chinese adults obesity BMI,Female waist,male waist was 4.0%,27.7% and 15.8%,respectively.[Conclusion]The incidence of blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipid abnormalities of overweight villagers is high,and their knowledge level of obesity was low.It is necessary to implement community monitoring,to strengthen health education and promotion which plays important role in disease control and prevention.
Complications of low-dose heparin prophylaxis in gynecologic oncology surgery

The clinical and laboratory effects of low-dose heparin prophylaxis was prospectively studied in a controlled trial of 182 patients undergoing major surgery for gynecologic malignancy. Low-dose heparin was given in 5000 U subcutaneously two hours preoperatively and every 12 hours for seven days postoperatively. Low-dose heparin-treated patients had a significantly increased daily retroperitoneal hemovac drainage. Although not statistically significant, low-dose heparin was associated with increased estimated intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirements, and wound hematomas. Fifteen percent of patients receiving low-dose heparin were found to have an activated partial thromboplastin time greater than 1.5 times the control value. In these patients, all clinical bleeding parameters were significantly increased. Low-dose heparin-treated patients also had significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and lower final platelet counts as compared with the control patients. When using low-dose heparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis, patients should be closely observed for clinical hemorrhagic complications. Activated partial thromboplastin times and platelet counts should be monitored throughout therapy.
Rat and human sensory evoked potentials and the predictability of human neurotoxicity from rat data.

The development of comprehensive quantitative models as alternatives to risk assessment based on uncertainty factors will require many steps, among them consideration of the relationships between the health endpoints which are measured in laboratory animals and humans. Sensory evoked potentials are measures of sensory function which can be recorded from many species, including humans, and as such provide an opportunity for examining the extrapolation of neurotoxicity data from laboratory animals to humans
Does a history of bullying and abuse predict lower urinary tract symptoms, chronic pain, and sexual dysfunction?

To investigate associations of bullying and abuse with pelvic floor symptoms, urogenital pain, and sexual health characteristics of women presenting to a multidisciplinary women’s urology center. Retrospective review of a prospective database. Patients completed questions about bullying, abuse, sexual health and validated questionnaires including the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Inventory (PFDI-20), Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), and visual analog scale (VAS 0–10) for genitourinary pain. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared and t tests, which compared victims of bullying and/or abuse to non-victims. Three hundred and eighty patients were reviewed. Three hundred and thirty-eight had data on bullying and abuse history. Out of 380, 94 (24.7 %) reported that they were victims of bullying. Out of 380, 104 (27.4 %) reported that they were victims of abuse. Women with a history of bullying and abuse had increased overall pain scores compared to those without a history of either. Women with a history of abuse and bullying had increased PFDI-20, POPDI, and UDI-6 scores compared to women who were not bullied or abused. There was no difference in being sexually active or in sexual satisfaction between the groups. Patients with a history of abuse and bullying had the greatest percentage of dyspareunia (p = 0.009). Women with a history of bullying, abuse, or both predict increased pelvic floor distress, urological symptoms, increased urogenital pain, and increased dyspareunia. Clinicians should screen for exposure to bullying or abuse in order to provide comprehensive resources to address these psychosocial issues.
Study of. pi. -. pi. scattering amplitudes in the reaction. pi. /sup +/p. --> delta. /sup + +/. pi. /sup 0/. pi. /sup 0/ at 8. 0 GeV

An experiment studying the reaction ..pi../sup +/p..--> delta../sup + +/..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/ using the Argonne National Laboratory 1.5-m streamer chamber combined with a lead-glass hodoscope is described. The data were analyzed in terms of ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..--> pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/ scattering, and the details of the extrapolation to the pole are discussed. An energy-independent amplitude analysis from threshold to 2.3 GeV is presented. In this analysis the f/sup 0/(1270), the h/sup 0/(2040), and a J/sup P/ = 2/sup +/ state at 1.8 GeV with a width of 0.280 GeV are observed. The amplitude ambiguity arising from analyses of ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/..--> pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/ data in the 1.6-GeV region is resolved. An energy-dependent phase-shift analysis from 1.0 to 1.5 GeV is presented.
Nanosecond-Scale Mach–Zehnder-Based CMOS Photonic Switch Fabrics

We describe Mach–Zehnder-based silicon photonic switch fabrics monolithically integrated with a digital CMOS logic and driver circuitry. We review 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder switches, 2 × 2 nested Mach–Zehnder switches, and strictly nonblocking 4 × 4 switch fabrics with nanosecond-scale, low-power, low-crosstalk, and low-insertion-loss performances. We also demonstrate fast dynamic reconfigurability on an 8 × 8 butterfly switch fabric. Technical challenges and future research directions of silicon photonic scaled switching systems are also discussed.
Genome editing in maize directed by CRISPR–Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes

Targeted DNA double-strand breaks have been shown to significantly increase the frequency and precision of genome editing. In the past two decades, several double-strand break technologies have been developed. CRISPR-Cas9 has quickly become the technology of choice for genome editing due to its simplicity, efficiency and versatility. Currently, genome editing in plants primarily relies on delivering double-strand break reagents in the form of DNA vectors. Here we report biolistic delivery of pre-assembled Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoproteins into maize embryo cells and regeneration of plants with both mutated and edited alleles. Using this method of delivery, we also demonstrate DNA- and selectable marker-free gene mutagenesis in maize and recovery of plants with mutated alleles at high frequencies. These results open new opportunities to accelerate breeding practices in a wide variety of crop species.
Individual Placement and Support in Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Observational Study of Employment Outcomes

Abstract Objective To determine the effects of a 24-month program of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) supported employment (SE) on employment outcomes for veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Longitudinal, observational multisite study of a single-arm, nonrandomized cohort. Setting SCI centers in the Veterans Health Administration (n=7). Participants Veterans with SCI (N=213) enrolled during an episode of either inpatient hospital care (24.4%) or outpatient care (75.6%). More than half the sample (59.2%) had a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Intervention IPS SE for 24 months. Main Outcome Measure Competitive employment. Results Over the 24-month period, 92 of 213 IPS participants obtained competitive jobs for an overall employment rate of 43.2%. For the subsample of participants without TBI enrolled as outpatients (n=69), 36 obtained competitive jobs for an overall employment rate of 52.2%. Overall, employed participants averaged 38.2±29.7 weeks of employment, with an average time to first employment of 348.3±220.0 days. Nearly 25% of first jobs occurred within 4 to 6 months of beginning the program. Similar employment characteristics were observed in the subsample without TBI history enrolled as outpatients. Conclusions Almost half of the veterans with SCI participating in the 24-month IPS program as part of their ongoing SCI care achieved competitive employment, consistent with their expressed preferences at the start of the study. Among a subsample of veterans without TBI history enrolled as outpatients, employment rates were >50%. Time to first employment was highly variable, but quite long in many instances. These findings support offering continued IPS services as part of ongoing SCI care to achieve positive employment outcomes.
Baseline Insecticide Susceptibility Screening Against Six Active Ingredients for Culex and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in the United States.

Mosquitoes may develop resistance to insecticide active ingredients (AI). Thus, mosquitoes should be tested for resistance to confirm efficacy of insecticide-based control, inform management decisions, and protect public and environmental health. Our objectives were to determine a baseline of resistance for six AIs used in mosquito control in the United States to assess how resistance differs between mosquito collection location, AI, and mosquito species (container-ovipositing Aedes and Culex that may oviposit in containers or other sources). Field-collected eggs from 26 mosquito populations of five different species or hybrid species (Aedes albopictus Say, Aedes triseriatus Say, Culex pipiens L., Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus) were obtained from four regions across the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassays were used to determine baseline resistance and susceptibility status for six AIs (bifenthrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, malathion, permethrin, and phenothrin). World Health Organization guidelines were used to classify mosquitoes as susceptible (98-100% mortality at diagnostic time [DT]), possibly resistant (80-97% mortality at DT), or resistant (< 80% mortality at DT). Aedes spp. mosquitoes were less likely to exhibit resistance, compared with Culex spp. mosquitoes. A high degree of resistance to etofenprox and malathion was observed (4-26-fold greater resistance to these two AIs compared with the other examined AIs). Baseline data on resistance and susceptibility for mosquitoes exposed to commonly used insecticides may help us evaluate resistance trends and highlight the importance of assessing local resistance trends before insecticide-based control measures are implemented.
Understanding Gang Joining from a Cross Classified Multi-Level Perspective

The present study seeks to address the gap in our understanding of the role of community- and school-level factors on individual-level gang joining. We assess our research question by bringing toge...
Abstract WP338: A Prospective Study of Post-thrombolysis related coagulopathy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Introduction: Although alterations in fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products are well-established after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IVtPA) in acute stroke, IVtPA is not recogn...
The hypervirial and viral theorems in terms of Weyl symbols

We formulate the hypervirial and virial theorems in terms of symbols. We use the Weyl correspondence to relate symbols to operators and express the standard operator forms of the hyperverial and virial theorems in terms of Weyl symbols and Wigner distribution. We obtain explicit expressions for the relevant symbols. We also give a phase space operator formulation. Special cases are considered, and the theorem of Molahajloo is shown to be a such a case. We also consider the off-diagonal hyperverial theorem.
An analysis of the feeding rate of white crappie

The diet composition and feeding rate of animals is an important determinant of their fitness. We have studied the feeding behavior of white crappie, Pomoxis annularis, using videotapes of crappie feeding in the laboratory on various types and densities of zooplankton under different temperature regimes. We have determined the time taken by white crappie to complete the cycle of searching for prey, pursuing and attacking located prey, and reinitiating search. The time spent in search increases with decreasing temperature, but decreases when white crappie are feeding on large prey. Run and pursuit swimming speeds increase from 2 cm sec−1 at 4°C to 6 cm sec−1 at 20°C and then declines. Run and pursuit swimming speeds also increase when white crappie are feeding on large prey. These rates have been developed into a simple time budget of white crappie feeding. This budget accurately predicts white crappie feeding rates when each individual search is almost always successful. Some of the ramifications of this work on current theories predicting planktivorous fish feeding rates are discussed.