cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘My Strength is Not for Hurting’: Men’s Anti-Rape Websites and their Construction of Masculinity and Male Sexuality

Acquaintance sexual assault prevention in the USA has largely comprised educational programs for women on college campuses and has left an unmet need for interventions targeted at men in the general community. Men’s anti-rape websites attempt to address this need. This article describes a sample of six such sites and examines them for insights into the social discourses on masculinity and male sexuality that they both produce and reflect. Findings indicate that these sites construct alternative masculinities, using socio-sexual behavior to delineate the boundary between ‘good’/non-rapist and ‘bad’/rapist masculinity, and use the rhetorical strategy of othering the rapist, with a few interesting exceptions. Sites’ depictions of consensual sex and rape are also briefly described. Implications of these discourses for rape prevention are discussed.
The Rise in International Health Care Tourism

This case explores the increasing demand for international health care tourism. As the price of health care increases in the United States, and as increasing numbers of American become uninsured, many Americans are opting for health care procedures outside the United states. The case addresses the strategic challenges to the American medical industry.
Design of a Smart Inhaler System for Improved Aerosol Drug Delivery

Drug delivery via inhalation of drug aerosols has long been a standard procedure for the treatment of respiratory ailments. A number of researchers have explored the use of inhaled drugs as a novel way to administer new, often aggressive, drugs. However, conventional inhalers release medication uniformly in the mouth inlet. This approach leads to low inhaler efficiency characterized by high deposition in the upper oral airway. Kleinstreuer and Zhang (2003) have shown that a controlled release of drug particles at a specific location in the mouth inlet greatly increases drug efficiency and allows targeting of specific affected sites within the lung. The methodology was further validated experimentally using a fixed exit position nozzle∕inhaler system and model airway∕lung structure. Motivated by these results, this work presents the design and fabrication of a shape memory alloy-enabled (SMA) “smart inhaler system”. Incorporating a flexible nozzle capable of moving the exit position to any desired location, the smart inhaler system will be a robust system capable of treating many patients. The system employs several novel techniques in the area of smart actuator design and implementation. Ref: Kleinstreuer, C., and Zhang, Z. (2003). Targeted drug aerosol deposition analysis for a four-generation lung airway model with hemispherical tumors, ASME Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 125(2), 197–206.
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the derivatized enantiomers of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol in human plasma.

Abstract A stereospecific method for the analysis of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol in human plasma employing fluorescence detection has been developed using the homochiral derivatizing agent 2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (TAGIT). The use of fluorescence detection provided enhanced sensitivity and cleaner chromatograms for the analysis of plasma samples, when compared to UV detection. Furthermore, parameters such as TAGIT concentration, vortex time and reaction time were examined to optimize conditions for maximum derivatization recoveries. The analyses of S(−)- and R(+)-propranolol from plasma were linear over the concentration range of 2.0–200 ng ml −1 , while S(−)- and R(+)-4-hydroxypropranolol were linear from 5.0 to 200 ng ml −1 .
Thinking Through Evaluation Design Options

Abstract This paper discusses evaluation design options for teenage risk-reduction programs, with a focus on teenage sexual education and pregnancy prevention programs. Two major evaluation components covered are process evaluation and impact assessment. Process evaluation leads to a comprehensive description of the program—its goals and objectives, organization, procedures, content, personnel, and target population. Impact assessment seeks to determine what effect the program has on key outcomes. Impact assessments attempt to compare outcomes for program participants with outcomes for comparable groups that did not participate in the program. The validity of an impact assessment depends on how well outcomes are measured and how comparable are the groups being compared. The strongest impact assessment design is a randomized experiment in which targets are randomly assigned to either a treatment group receiving the program or a control group not receiving the program. Alternative designs, most notably comparison group designs, are described when it is not feasible to conduct randomized experiment evaluations.
WHERE SHALL WE SHOP TODAY? A THEORY OF MULTIPLE‐STOP, MULTIPLE‐PURPOSE SHOPPING TRIPS

We integrate into a neo-classical multi-period consumer choice model two new elements: (1) storage and holding activities within a household and (2) an “economic landscape” containing many stores at different distances from the house, that sell possibly different product lines at different prices. The theory leads to multipurpose shopping trips in the one-household one-store case. In the one-household many-store model, we prove the existence of optima by an enumeration argument. We describe an iterative maximization process that generates a cost-minimizing “structure” of shopping trips. This “trip structure” defines a pattern of trips of different lengths to purchase different goods at relevant stores, so as to minimize the purchase and contextual (holding plus transport) cost of any level of consumption, with trip frequency and time-spacing determined over the planning horizon.
The skin of hairless mice. II. Ageing changes and the action of 20-methylcholanthrene.

INTRODUCTION Notwithstanding the low incidence of spontaneous tumors (7), the skin o hairless mice is very sensitive to carcinogenic agents. Numerous elevated skin growths appear soon after one topical application of methylcholanthrene. In spite of the many peculiarities of the skin of these animals (20), most of the induced growths develop directly from the surface epidermis and from the sebaceous glands. The many epidermal and sebaceous cysts stranded in the dermis are not involved in hyperplastic changes. As in the formation of cysts, the development of skin growths in these animals demonstrates further the pluri-potentiality of epidermal cells. For example, typical papillomas, which in other animals are said to arise only from hair follicles, in hairless mice grow on the scars of biopsy wounds which contain neither sebaceous glands nor hair follicle remnants.
The role of low cognitive effort and negative symptoms in neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia.

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to examine whether insufficient effort, negative symptoms (e.g., avolition, anhedonia), and psychological variables (e.g., anhedonia and perception of low cognitive resources) predict generalized neurocognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Method: In Experiment 1, participants included 97 individuals with SZ and 63 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT), the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and self-report anhedonia questionnaires. In Experiment 2, participants included 46 individuals with SZ and 33 CN who completed Green’s Word Memory Test (WMT), the MCCB, and self-reports of anhedonia, defeatist performance beliefs, and negative expectancy appraisals. Results: Results indicated that a low proportion of individuals with SZ failed effort testing (1.0% Experiment 1; 15.2% Experiment 2); however, global neurocognitive impairment was significantly predicted by low effort and negative symptoms. Conclusions: Findings indicate that low effort does not threaten the validity of neuropsychological test results in the majority of individuals with schizophrenia; however, effort testing may be useful in SZ patients with severe negative symptoms who may be more likely to put forth insufficient effort due to motivational problems. Although the base rate of failure is relatively low, it may be beneficial to screen for insufficient effort in SZ and exclude individuals who fail effort testing from pharmacological or cognitive remediation trials.
Resistance of Klebsiella and Enterobacter to the penicillins.

SummaryKlebsiella and Enterobacter grow after exposure to large penicillin concentrations because of intrinsic resistance (resistance of the individual organism), penicillin-β-lactamase activity, or mutant overgrowth. In Klebsiella strains intrinsic resistances to benzylpenicillin and hetacillin were similar. In Enterobacter strains intrinsic resistances were distinctly lower to hetacillin than to benzylpenicillin and were reduced by a subinhibitory concentration of dicloxacillin. All strains had β-lactamase activity which was usually inhibited by dicloxacillin. Single step mutations to large increases in intrinsic resistance were common.
VARIATION IN SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SHELL SHAPE IN HAWAIIAN LAND SNAILS: IN SITU SPECIATION AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS.

The native land-snail fauna of the Hawaiian islands was investigated from a combined perspective of ecological and historical, vicariant, and dispersalist biogeography. There were more than 750 described, valid species; almost all were endemic to the archipelago, many to single islands. Path analysis showed that island area, per se, had the strongest influence on numbers of species. Island altitude and number of plant communities, both strongly related to area and both dimensions of habitat diversity, also had major influences. The influence of island age was complex. A direct effect, older islands having more species, was more than counterbalanced by the strong indirect effects of age on area and altitude: older islands are smaller and lower, and smaller, lower islands had fewer species. Distance of an island from a source of colonization was of minor importance. Species richness thus appears to be related almost exclusively to evolutionary radiation in situ and not to an equilibrium between immigration and extinction. Islands need not be extremely isolated for evolutionary radiation to be more important than immigration/extinction dynamics in determining species richness, but isolation is a relative term dependent on the dispersal abilities of the organisms in question. Numbers of recorded species were also strongly correlated with collecting effort on each island, a result that stands as a warning to others involved in such studies. Numbers of species in different families were not evenly distributed across islands. Notably, Kauai had more amastrids and helicinids and fewer achatinellids than predicted; Oahu had more amastrids but fewer pupillids and succineids than predicted; Hawaii exhibited the opposite pattern from Oahu. These patterns may partly reflect the vagaries of collecting/describing effort, but some may be due to the combined effects of historical factors and competitive exclusion. The distribution of shell height/diameter was bimodal with a distinct absence of more or less equidimensional species, a general pattern seen in other faunas. Among the pulmonates, tall species predominated, suggesting a relative lack of opportunity for globular/flat species. Notably, amastrids occurred in both modes, evidence that, at least in part, ecological not taxonomic factors underlie the bimodality. The proportions of tall and globular/flat species did not vary among islands. Prosobranchs were mostly low-spired but generally less flat than the pulmonates in the low-spired mode. The islands were probably colonized originally by small taxa. Large, tall shells are found only on Kauai and Niihau, the oldest of the main islands, suggesting that opportunities for such species are probably available on other islands.
Simulation Analysis of Gasoline Engine Turbocharger Matching Based on Gt_Power

Mainly through the use of simulation software performance GT_POWER,a naturally aspirated engine is turbocharged engine,and the initial matching and optimization matching results,provides theoretical guidance for the development of B10 turbocharged engine.At the same time,introduced the method of Simulation Engine Turbocharger matching with CAE software.
Numerical Analysis of Relief Pipes of Francis Turbine Based on CFD Simulation

The vibration of hydropower unit caused by relief pipes of the turbine has already attracted widespread attention of the scholars and operators.In this paper,the three-dimensional steady turbulent flow through the whole flow passage of a power plant is simulated based on the computational fluid dynamics software(CFX),by N-S equations and RNG k-eturbulence model.The modeling process including relief pipes and runner crown sealing device are discussed,the influence of relief pipes on the flow field in runner crown sealing device are analyzed,and the flow characteristics in relief pipes and runner crown sealing device are revealed.
Surveillance for schistosomiasis 20 years after blocking its spread in Tongxiang,Zhejiang

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis situation in Tongxiang 20 years after its spread was blocked and provide evidence to keep the gain of schistosomiasis control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of schistosomiasis in Tongxiang from 1994 to 2003. Results One imported acute schistosomiasis case and 1 chronic schistosomiasis case were etiological confirmed. Only 1 snail belt was found in a village in 2003 with an area of 7164 m2and snail density of 0. 056 /0. 11 m2,no positive snails were found. Totally 207 523 residents received serological detection,in which 4173 were antibody positive( 2. 01%). From 1994 to 2003,a total of 147 462 residents received serological detection,in which 3850 were antibody positive( 2. 61%). From 2004 to 2013,a total of 60 061 residents received serological detection,in which 323 were antibody positive( 0. 54%). The difference in antibody positive rate between two periods had statistical significance( χ2= 2350. 93,P 0. 001). Conclusion Schistosomiasis is under control in Tongxiang. No indigenous case was detected,but imported case was reported. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for schistosomiasis in people from endemic areas to keep the gain of schistosomiasis control in Tongxiang.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pediatric pelvis

The increased use of MR imaging in the pediatric population is due to the lack of ionizing radiation, multiplanar imaging capability, and excellent tissue contrast differentiation. MR imaging is most commonly indicated in the evaluation of tumors to provide information about resectability and extent of lesions. It is also useful in the evaluation of congenital anomalies of the pelvic organs. This is a rapidly changing field; the development of fast-scanning techniques and contrast agents for the bowel should further improve the utilization of MR imaging in pediatrics.
Ohio guidelines for advanced-practice hospital rotations for pharmacy students.

Recently, a focus group composed of hospital pharmacists from Ohio, representatives from the four Ohio colleges of pharmacy (The University of Cincinnati, Ohio Northern University, Ohio State University, and The University of Toledo), and the Ohio Pharmacists Association Board of Trustees developed
Cultural agility and international assignees’ effectiveness in cross‐cultural interactions

While many mutable competencies and immutable personality traits have been shown to have a direct positive relationship with international assignee success, this study examines whether a set of situation-specific cross-cultural competencies comprising cultural agility are also related to international assignee success. This study examines whether the combination of three situation-specific responses to cultural differences (cultural adaptation, cultural minimization and cultural integration) explain any additional variance in supervisor's ratings of international assignee success above and beyond personality and cross-cultural competencies. To test this hypothesis, supervisor-rated of assignees’ effectiveness in working with host nationals was regressed on the number of international assignees’ cultural orientations. Controlling for personality and dynamic competencies, the overall model was significant explaining 17 per cent of the total variance. This study provides some preliminary evidence on the importance of expatriates’ possessing the ability to possess concurrent cultural orientations. The HR practices to foster cultural agility are discussed.
Influence of the Seed Envelope and Growth Regulators Upon Seed Dormancy in Witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.)

Seed of the angiospermous parasite, witchweed ( Striga lutea Lour.), normally germinate poorly or not at all unless adequately pretreated and exposed to a germination stimulant which is obtained from plant root exudates. Under certain conditions, scarification of the seed envelope promoted germination in the absence of the stimulant. With adequately (2-week) pretreated seed, a cut or puncture through the aleurone at the radicular end induced typical germination. A puncture through the aleurone elsewhere on the seed induced little or no germination. A cut through the aleurone at the cotyledon end or centre of the seed induced atypical germination in which the radicle elongated but did not penetrate the intact envelope over the radicle. Incubation in oxygen did not promote germination regardless of the site of seed scarification. Ten per cent carbon dioxide reduced the germination of punctured seed. Seed germinated equally well when scarified over the radicle and incubated in air, nitrogen, darkness, or light. Brief treatments with sulphuric acid also induced germination. The softening effect of stimulatory acid treatments upon the aleurone was first evident 6 h later and only occurred at the radicular end of the seed. Indol-3yl-acetic acid inhibited and ethylene stimulated germination of scarified and non-scarified seed. Gibberellic acid (GAS) had no apparent effect upon nonscarified seed but promoted germination of scarified seed. Inadequately (i-day) or excessively (12to 16-week) pretreated seed germinated poorly or not at all when treated with the germination stimulant, ethylene, GAS, or sulphuric acid. Some seed germinated slowly when scarified over the radicle, but the germination rates and totals were less than those of scarified seed pretreated for 2 weeks. Additions of stimulant, ethylene or GAS, accelerated the germination rates of scarified but inadequately pretreated seed. Of the treatments tested, only GA3 increased the slow germination of the excessively pretreated scarified seed. Results indicated that the aleurone restrained radicle elongation. Scarification over the radicle removed the restraint and permitted radicle emergence. However, the ability of the radicle to elongate, as influenced by time of seed pretreatment and exogenous stimulant, GA3 or ethylene, determined whether or not the scarified seed germinated.
Hedonic Hunger Is Related to Increased Neural and Perceptual Responses to Cues of Palatable Food and Motivation to Consume: Evidence from 3 Independent Investigations

Background: The Power of Food Scale (PFS) seeks to identify individuals who experience high appetitive drive in response to food cues, which is a construct termed “hedonic hunger.” Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess cross-sectional correlates and predictive power of PFS scores to probe the construct of hedonic hunger. Methods: Separate data from 3 studies (study 1, n = 44; study 2, n = 398; study 3, n = 100) were used to evaluate the construct of hedonic hunger. We examined the correlations between the PFS and neural responsivity during intake and anticipated intake of palatable foods, behavioral food reinforcement, perceptual hedonic ratings of food images, and change in body mass index (BMI) and binge eating over time. Results: Hedonic hunger was strongly related to bilateral brain response in regions implicated in oral somatosensory processing during cue-elicited anticipation of food intake (study 1; right postcentral gyrus: r = 0.67, P < 0.001; left postcentral gyrus: r = 0.64, P < 0.001), and was correlated with behavioral food reinforcement (study 2; r = 0.31, P = 0.03) and perceptual hedonic ratings (study 3; r = 0.24, P = 0.02). Hedonic hunger was not associated with baseline BMI (studies 1–3: P = 0.14, 0.21, and 0.37, respectively) or change in BMI over the 2-y follow-up (studies 1 and 2: P = 0.14 and 0.37, respectively) but was significantly correlated with baseline binge eating in 2 samples (study 1: r = 0.58, P = 0.001; study 2: r = 0.31, P = 0.02; and study 3: P = 0.02). Conclusions: Hedonic hunger was not predictive of weight regulation. However, individuals who report high hedonic hunger are likely to show increased neural and perceptual responses to cues of palatable foods, increased motivation to consume such foods, and a greater likelihood of current binge eating.
Registration of a moving rigid object using a stereoscopic vision setup

This work addresses the problem of tridimensional registration of a moving rigid object. Matching, tracking and 3D reconstruction of feature points by a stereoscopic vision setup allows the computation of the homogeneous transformation matrix linking two consecutive scene captures. Robustness to errors is provided by the scene rigidity constraint. Accumulation of error is compensated through loop detection in the calculated camera positions.
Engaging Newcomers in Hybrid Communities

With new technological advances more and more the boundaries of online and offline spaces is becoming fuzzy. This hybrid model of computer-mediated communication introduces new challenges and opportunities for users, researchers, and practitioners. My dissertation research focuses particularly of designing processes and tools to better support newcomers within online communities with hybrid communication patterns. My dissertation will contribute to research and practices of building "newcomer-friendly" hybrid communities.
Germination Effects on Flatus-Causing Factors and Antinutrients of Mungbeans and Two Strains of Small-Seeded Soybeans

Two strains of small-seeded soybeans contained greater amounts of stachyose and raffinose than market samples of mungbean seeds. These sugars either disappeared or were reduced to trace amounts during 3 d of germination for mungbeans and 4 d for soybeans. Both soybean strains contained more phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor than mungbeans. Germination reduced these antinutrients in both legumes. Phytic acid (wet weight basis) in one strain of soybean sprouts did not differ from that in the mungbean sprouts.
Representer-Based Variational Data Assimilation Systems: A Review

This chapter reviews developments in representer-based variational data assimilation systems over the past 15 years. Data assimilation systems with representer-based algorithms are routinely used in operational and research centers for producing four-dimensional atmospheric and oceanic analyses and prediction. The systems reviewed in this chapter are the Inverse Ocean Modeling (IOM) system, the Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System-Accelerated Representer (NAVDAS-AR) system, the Navy Coastal Ocean Model 4D-Var (NCOM 4D-Var) system, and the Regional Ocean Modeling System 4D-Var (ROMS 4D-Var ) system. These systems are mature operational or semi-operational weak-constraint, four-dimensional variational data assimilation systems. The emphasis here is on providing brief reviews with the key references related to the implementation and applications of these systems. Readers interested in early developments of representer-based systems (before 2002) are encouraged to look at Chua and Bennett (2001) and Bennett (2002).
The Visible Hand

This chapter explores how, since the late nineteenth century, the US government has increasingly intervened in the economy, starting with legislation designed to prevent monopolistic practices, going on to regulatory interventions to increase the information available to the public for their investment decisions and to protect it from predatory behaviors. It also discusses the accountability challenges posed by the divorce between ownership and management arising from the dispersion of share ownership, and examines the role of the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the rationale for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Personalized medicine: Genetic risk prediction of drug response.

Abstract Pharmacogenomics (PGx), a substantial component of “personalized medicine”, seeks to understand each individual's genetic composition to optimize drug therapy –– maximizing beneficial drug response, while minimizing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Drug responses are highly variable because innumerable factors contribute to ultimate phenotypic outcomes. Recent genome-wide PGx studies have provided some insight into genetic basis of variability in drug response. These can be grouped into three categories. [a] Monogenic (Mendelian) traits include early examples mostly of inherited disorders, and some severe (idiosyncratic) ADRs typically influenced by single rare coding variants. [b] Predominantly oligogenic traits represent variation largely influenced by a small number of major pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic genes. [c] Complex PGx traits resemble most multifactorial quantitative traits –– influenced by numerous small-effect variants, together with epigenetic effects and environmental factors. Prediction of monogenic drug responses is relatively simple, involving detection of underlying mutations; due to rarity of these events and incomplete penetrance, however, prospective tests based on genotype will have high false-positive rates, plus pharmacoeconomics will require justification. Prediction of predominantly oligogenic traits is slowly improving. Although a substantial fraction of variation can be explained by limited numbers of large-effect genetic variants, uncertainty in successful predictions and overall cost-benefit ratios will make such tests elusive for everyday clinical use. Prediction of complex PGx traits is almost impossible in the foreseeable future. Genome-wide association studies of large cohorts will continue to discover relevant genetic variants; however, these small-effect variants, combined, explain only a small fraction of phenotypic variance –– thus having limited predictive power and clinical utility.
Distortion of Full-Field Surface Displacements from Heat Waves

One nearly ubiquitous, but often overlooked, source of measurement error in Digital Image Correlation (DIC) arises from imaging through heat waves. “Heat waves” is a colloquial term describing a heterogeneous refractive index field caused by temperature (and thus density) gradients in air. Many sources of heat waves exist in a typical DIC experiment, including hot lights, a heated sample, sunlight, or even a hot camera. This paper presents a detailed description of the error introduced to DIC measurements as a result of heat sources being present in the system. We present characteristic spatial and temporal frequencies of heat waves, and explore the relationships between the location of the heat source, the focal length of the lens, and the stand-off distance between the camera and the imaged object. Finally, we conclude with suggested methods of mitigating the effects of heat waves first by careful design of the experiment and second through data processing.
CS4What?: A Game-based Discussion about the Purposes of Universal Computer Science Education (Abstract Only)

Do different people hold different reasons for promoting universal computer science education (CS4All)? Do different rationale for CS education imply different learning designs? Is it possible to design educational activities that meaningfully integrate multiple purposes and visions? As CS4All initiatives kick off in localities across the United States, we believe that these questions are key to developing policies, pedagogies and technologies that actually are 'for all'. In this session, participants will engage in a facilitated conversation supported by an informal collaborative tabletop card game. The game, meant to promote reflection, debate, discussion and ideation around CS education, will engage participants as designers tasked with integrating multiple commonly-held values and visions of Computer Science education into a concrete learning activities. The goal of this informal activity and brainstorm is not to become a master designer in 45 minutes. Rather, this design challenge acts as a launching pad to have meaningful discussions around the various visions of Computer Science education and what it looks like to translate these visions into practice. We will also invite participants to give feedback on their experience using the game as a conversation starter, with the hope that it might be used by others engaged in deliberations around how to design CS educational experiences. The game will be supplementing an ongoing research project, "CSed Visions" (http://wp.me/P3GrOX-ek) that investigates the role that visions and values play in Computer Science education.
Ecosystems as infrastructure

Abstract Infrastructure is usually defined as all elements of interrelated systems that provide goods and services essential to enabling, sustaining or enhancing societal living conditions. Although traditionally, infrastructure included only all human-made assets, since the 1980s, both scientists and conservationists have suggested that ecosystems should be also considered as a type of infrastructure. Here we review the evolution of the concepts of ‘ecological’, ‘green’, ‘natural’ and ‘blue’ infrastructures and evaluate how these concepts have been used in the scientific literature. We found that although the term ‘ecological infrastructure’ was the most used until 2004, ‘green infrastructure’ became the dominant one after then. All terms have been applied mostly to urban settings, terrestrial ecosystems and emphasised supporting and regulating ecosystem services, with a strong emphasis on the mediation of water flows in urban centres and the maintenance of species lifecycles, habitat and gene pool protection. We suggest that green infrastructure should be the term adopted to facilitate communication between scientists, conservationists and decision-makers. We also suggest a general concept for green infrastructure aligned with the major global conventions alongside a set of design principles.
Abstract 336: PIK3CB/p110B is a survival factor in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is lethal even after surgical removal of the tumor, radiation, and chemotherapy. Residual tumor cells form an intractable tumor in nearly all patients within two years. Recurrent GBM is incurable due to resistance to current therapies. Inhibitors of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase)-a signaling pathway that causally contributes to tumor formation/recurrence-have been used to treat recurrent GBMs and achieved modest clinical effect. This is perhaps attributed to non-selective inhibition of PI3K isoforms, which yields intolerable toxicity. Class IA PI3K isoforms include three catalytic subunits (PIK3CA, B, or D that encodes p110α, β, or δ) and three regulatory subunits (PIK3R1-3 that encodes p85 isoforms). Our recent work indicates that PIK3CB levels positively correlate with the chances/risk of GBM recurrence, while being inversely associated with patient prognosis. This suggests that PIK3CB/p110β is important for GBM cell survival. To test this hypothesis, we first measured the expression of PI3K isoforms in a panel of 9 GBM cell lines. We found that U87MG, SF295, and U251 expressed much higher levels of p110β, coinciding with the levels of phosphorylated AKT. We then knocked down PIK3CA, B, and D in human U87MG cells and found that only depletion of PIK3CB/p110β resulted in an inactivation of downstream AKT. Moreover, knockdown of PIK3CB/p110β, but not other isoforms, induced substantial growth inhibition in U87MG, SF295 and U251 cells. This is congruent with the result that inhibition of PIK3CB/p110β activated apoptosis in U87MG cells. We also report that treatment of p110βhigh GBM cells with isoform specific inhibitors selectively represses the viability of these cells. Finally, we report that ectopic expression of p110β, but not p110α or δ, partially rescued U87MG cells from growth inhibition induced by TGX-221, a p110β-selective inhibitor. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PIK3CB/p110β is an important selective survival factor in GBM, underscoring the divergent roles of PI3K isoforms in GBM disease progression/recurrence and future therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Kevin J. Pridham, Sujuan Guo, Zhi Sheng. PIK3CB/p110B is a survival factor in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 336. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-336
Embracing People with Special Needs and Disabilities

Managers, leaders, and change agents in the workplace must be knowledgeable and sensitive to the issues and challenges faced by persons with disabilities. Specific laws govern how employers ensure equality in the workforce for persons with disabilities. This chapter will outline the scope of the nation’s disability protection laws while also highlighting the issues and challenges facing workers with disabilities. Notable corporate, educational, and governmental policy efforts to recruit, mentor, and maintain workers with disabilities will be discussed along with the value and benefits of inclusion in the workforce. The focus on progressive corporate, educational, and governmental policy efforts and strategies will reinforce existing workable solutions for consistent employment opportunities for workers with disabilities
Understanding the client's perspective of helpful and hindering events in psychotherapy sessions: A micro-process approach

The purpose of this study was to bridge the methodologies of significant events and micro-process research to gain a better understanding of clients' perceptions of helpful and hindering events in psychotherapy. A total of 16 clients were asked to review a recent psychotherapy session and, while watching, complete a moment-by-moment rating of helpful/hindrance using a dial rating system. They were also asked to describe the most helpful and hindering segments that were rated as such. The moment-by-moment ratings suggest that clients perceive a significant amount of variability within a single session. The qualitative results suggest that clients perceive both specific treatment and common factors techniques as being helpful. Further, some of the same therapist actions were rated as both helpful and hindering, but they differed in the timing and the client's experience of feeling heard and understood versus judged or given advice that was not perceived as relevant to them. These results have important implications for clinical practice.
Jet ventilation in obese patients undergoing airway surgery for subglottic and tracheal stenosis

Objectives/hypothesis To assess the feasibility of jet ventilation in obese patients and to compare complications of jet ventilation in obese and nonobese patients. Study design Retrospective review of medical records. Methods We reviewed 46 patient charts (70 procedures) with the diagnosis of tracheal or subglottic stenosis who underwent endoscopic surgery with jet ventilation between March 2014 and January 2017. Adequacy of jet ventilation was assessed by chest rise, avoidance of endotracheal intubation, and length of case and ventilation. Records were reviewed for demographic details, anesthesia records, and complications. Results In 29/70 (41.4%) of cases, patients were obese; in 9/29 (31.0%) of these cases, patients were morbidly obese. Jet ventilation was successful in 28/29 (97%) of obese cases. In 1/29 (3.4%) of cases, the patient required alternative airway management. There were no significant differences between obese and nonobese patients in chest rise, need for endotracheal intubation, and length of surgery or ventilation (P > .05). There were 2/29 (6.9%) cases of intra- and postoperative complications including laryngospasm (1/29, 3.4%) and tachycardia (1/29, 3.4%). Rate of complications did not differ between obese and nonobese patients (P = .178). Conclusions Jet ventilation in obese patients can be done successfully, and complications are similar between obese patients and nonobese patients. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 1887-1892, 2018.
Using Technology and the Ecological Model of Constraints to Develop Story-Based Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The use of technology has proven to be a successful tool for enhancing the learning of children with disabilities. One example is the use of video-recorded social story movies as interventions for ...
Is expressive suppression harmful for Chinese American breast cancer survivors

Abstract Emotion regulation strategies are important for cancer survivors' adjustment. Expressive suppression, defined as the active effort of inhibiting the expressive component of an emotional response, has been found to be a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy. These studies, however, have been limited to cross-sectional designs and primarily European American samples. Chinese culture encourages emotion suppression to preserve interpersonal harmony and therefore it may be important to test these emotion regulation processes with this population. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of expressive suppression, ambivalence over emotional expression (i.e., inner conflict over emotional expression), and cognitive reappraisal on quality of life among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. 103 participants completed a questionnaire assessing expressive suppression, ambivalence over emotional expression, cognitive reappraisal, and quality of life at baseline and a questionnaire assessing quality of life eight weeks later. Consistent with our hypotheses, baseline ambivalence over emotional expression was associated with lower follow-up quality of life above and beyond the effect of expressive suppression. Furthermore, cognitive reappraisal moderated the relations between expressive suppression and follow-up quality of life, such that expressive suppression may be less detrimental for Chinese American breast cancer survivors who are able to regulate their emotions using cognitive reappraisal. Implications for informing interventions for Chinese American breast cancer survivors are discussed.
AGING CHARACTERISTICS OF NICKEL-CHROMIUM ALLOYS HARDENED WITH TITANIUM AND ALUMINUM

An extensive study was made of the aging characteristics of alloys based on the 80 pct Ni-20 pct Cr composition hardened with aluminum and/or titanium, each up to 4 pct. Aging was followed by means of hardness and hot electrical resistance measurements as well as by X-ray and microscopy. Stress rupture tests at 1500°F were utilized as a check on the predicted behavior.
Communications Networks and Small-Worlds

A Communications network consists of a number of users, or nodes, a number of links through which they can communicate, and some special links that facilitate communication. There are usually various weights associated with the nodes or links.
The Next Billion Years: Space and the Human Challenge

Nineteenth and twentieth century economic systems have been systematically focused on rapid economic growth and industrial throughput rather than on the longer range goals and objectives of human civilization. In the 21st century critical decisions will need to be made to adjust to the stabilization of global population growth, and to attempt to create a stable bio-system that can sustain humanity in the many millennia ahead, as well as a host of other challenges. The ability of human civilization to migrate to longer term planning mechanisms to sustain the species for perhaps a billion years is clearly in doubt. Survivability and current economic systems may well be in conflict. The rapid development of telecommunications in recent decades has created the “Global Village” in which a large fraction of the world’s population now lives. In another century or so we may have evolved to a new paradigm represented by the “Global Brain.” To achieve the true potential of the human species, pervasive, affordable and ecologically-centered education systems must be achieved across planet Earth.
On the Doppler domain localized generalized-likelihood-ratio detector

Studied in this paper is the problem of achieving the optimum MTI detection performance in strong clutterof unknown spectrum, when the set of data available to the estimation of clutter statistics is small due to a severely nonhomogeneous environment. A new adaptive implementation, called the Doppler Domain Localized Generalized Likelihood Ratio processor (DDL—GLR), is ProPosed and its detection performance-derived. It is shown that the DDL-GLR is a data-efficient implementation of the high-order optimum detector, together with several advantages of practical importance over other adaptive processors.
IFNS and STATs, an Incestuous Relationship

Interferons (IFNs), founding members of the hematopoietin family of cytokines (see Table 1), were first identified for their potent antiviral activity (reviewed in 1, 2). This activity provided an effective assay for their early characterization and cloning, enabling them to become the first products of a nascent biotechnology industry. The availability of recombinant IFN then provided a unique opportunity to study how cytokines mediate their potent activity on target cells. This led to the identification of IFN specific receptors, intracellular signaling proteins from the JAK and STAT families and important target genes. In many cases, these discoveries presaged our basic understanding of how all other hematopoietins mediate their pleiotropic biological effects. Ironically, interest in the IFNs waned once this signaling paradigm was elucidated. However, over the last several years a number of important discoveries highlighting the role IFNs play in regulating the intersection between innate and adaptive immunity has spawned new interest in this field (reviewed in 3–5). After providing a brief overview of IFN biology, this review will focus on the unique STAT dependent signals they stimulate.
Rules and policy based handling of XML in government contexts including NIEM

Managing information privacy and access policies is a critical need and technical challenge. Desired solutions should be both ubiquitous and syntax neutral, yet at the same time incorporate a simple and lightweight approach that meets legal policy requirements through the application of clear, consistent, and obvious assertions.
Clinical Trials, Literature Searches, and Telemedicine

Therapeutic decision making in nearly every field of medicine is based on evidence obtained in previous clinical trials. These trials frequently are fraught with labor-intensive paperwork and discarded data due to nonadherence to study protocols. The traditional way of accruing these data includes filling out and mailing or faxing the study forms, a word-of-mouth spread of information about the trial, and limited immediate study feedback to participating patients and physicians about the progress and results of the study.
MUNC, an Enhancer RNA Upstream from the MYOD Gene, Induces a Subgroup of Myogenic Transcripts in trans Independently of MyoD

MyoD upstream noncoding RNA (MUNC) initiates in the distal regulatory region (DRR) enhancer of MYOD and is formally classified as an enhancer RNA (DRReRNA). MUNC is required for optimal myogenic differentiation, induces specific myogenic transcripts in trans (MYOD, MYOGENIN, and MYH3), and has a functional human homolog. The vast majority of eRNAs are believed to act in cis primarily on their neighboring genes (1, 2), making it likely that MUNC action is dependent on the induction of MYOD RNA. Surprisingly, MUNC overexpression in MYOD -/- C2C12 cells induces many myogenic transcripts in the complete absence of MyoD protein. Genomewide analysis showed that, while many genes are regulated by MUNC in a MyoD-dependent manner, there is a set of genes that are regulated by MUNC, both upward and downward, independently of MyoD. MUNC and MyoD even appear to act antagonistically on certain transcripts. Deletion mutagenesis showed that there are at least two independent functional sites on the MUNC long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), with exon 1 more active than exon 2 and with very little activity from the intron. Thus, although MUNC is an eRNA of MYOD, it is also a trans-acting lncRNA whose sequence, structure, and cooperating factors, which include but are not limited to MyoD, determine the regulation of many myogenic genes.
Evaluating Regression Test Selection Opportunities in a Very Large Open-Source Ecosystem

Regression testing in very large software ecosystems is notoriously costly, requiring computational resources that even large corporations struggle to cope with. Very large ecosystems contain thousands of rapidly evolving, interconnected projects where client projects transitively depend on library projects. Regression test selection (RTS) reduces regression testing costs by rerunning only tests whose pass/fail behavior may flip after code changes. For single projects, researchers showed that class-level RTS is more effective than lower method-or statement-level RTS. Meanwhile, several very large ecosystems in industry, e.g., at Facebook, Google, and Microsoft, perform project-level RTS, rerunning tests in a changed library and in all its transitive clients. However, there was no previous study of the comparative benefits of class-level and project-level RTS in such ecosystems. We evaluate RTS opportunities in the MAVEN Central opensource ecosystem. There, some popular libraries have up to 924589 clients; in turn, clients can depend on up to 11190 libraries. We sampled 408 popular projects and found that 202 (almost half) cannot update to latest library versions without breaking compilation or tests. If developers want to detect these breakages earlier, they need to run very many tests. We compared four variants of class-level RTS with project-level RTS in MAVEN Central. The results showed that class-level RTS may be an order of magnitude less costly than project-level RTS in very large ecosystems. Specifically, various class-level RTS variants select, on average, 7.8%-17.4% of tests selected by project-level RTS.
The Relationship between Competitive Pricing and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising: How to Manage DTC Advertising of Rx Drugs In an Integrated Marketing Mix Strategy

ABSTRACT The oligopolistic nature of the U.S. pharmaceutical industry presents its members with a unique opportunity to leverage the interaction between competitive pricing strategy and promotion strategy. Previous studies have examined the role of direct-to-consumer advertising in influencing demand and sales; this study emphasizes the impact of consumer advertising on a supply-side phenomenon, the setting of prices relative to those of close competitors.
Indarctos and other Caniformia fossils of G.E. Lewis’ YPM collection from the Siwaliks

Material of Indarctos and other Caniformia fossils from the Yale Peabody Museum G.E. Lewis Siwalik expedition collections from Pakistan and northern India are described herein. The M2 of a newly de...
Comments and Recommendations

This chapter contains thoughts and recommendations of the authors on the future development and use of the Highway Capacity Manual.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2).

635Background: IL-2 can be curative in a small subset of ccRCC patients (pts). Recent data suggest that ICIs may lead to long lasting responses, and ICI therapy following progression on IL-2 seems ...