cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of Smart Icing Systems on commuter aircraft

As part of a study of Smart Icing Systems (SIS) by the Aircraft Icing Research Center at the University of Illinois, a systems strudy has been performed to evaluate the effects of SIS on the safety of the U.S. regional air transportation system. U.S. commercial aircraft icing accident data, for the period from 1983 through 1996, were collected and studied in terms of fatalities per year and accident frequency by engine type, flight phase, and principal cause. These data show that over this 14-year period, fatalities in icing accidents have occurred at an average rate of about 12 per year. They also show that reciprocating engine powered aircraft account for about 60% of the accidents, 60% occur in either the cruise or approach flight phases, and 85% can be attributed to either the flight crew or the weather. In a second phase of the study, a proposed SIS configuration was applied to the detailed time history of the 1994 American Eagle ATR-72 accident to evaluate the potential of SIS in preventing icing accidents. This showed that an autonomous SIS could have sensed the developing icing problem and intervened to assist the flight crew in avoiding this accident.
Cytokine Patterns in Healthy Adolescent Girls: Heterogeneity Captured by Variable and Person-Centered Statistical Strategies.

Background Little is known about variation in individual cytokines/cytokine profiles for a large healthy, pediatric population. When cytokines in a healthy group are not abnormally high as in a disease state, it is challenging to determine appropriate statistical strategies. The aims of the study were (1) to describe variation among cytokine concentrations and profiles in healthy adolescent girls, (2) to illustrate utility of data reduction approaches novel to cytokine research, (variable-centered [principal factor analysis, PFA], person-centered [latent profile analysis, LPA]), and (3) to demonstrate utility of such methods in linking cytokine profiles to health outcomes (e.g., depressive, anxiety symptoms). Method Serum was analyzed for 13 cytokines representing adaptive and innate immune responses in 262 girls (age = 11, 13, 15, and 17 years). Results There was great variation in cytokine concentrations. PFA revealed a four-factor solution explaining 73.13% of the shared variance among 13 cytokines (e.g., factor 1 included interleukin [IL]-4, IL-13, IL-5, interferon gamma; 26.65% of the shared variance). The LPA supported classifying girls into subgroups characterized by "high overall" (7.3% of sample), "high adaptive" (26.7%), "high innate" (21%), or "low overall" (45%) cytokine levels. Factors and profiles were useful in describing individual differences in depressive/anxiety symptoms (e.g., factor 1 positively associated with depressive symptoms but negatively with trait anxiety; increased depressive symptoms or trait anxiety was associated with greater likelihood of being in the "high adaptive" group). Conclusions Healthy girls showed differences in cytokine levels and patterns of variation and important associations with psychological variables. PFA and LPA offer novel approaches useful for examining cytokine panels in healthy populations.
Ultra-high sensitivity imaging of cancer using SERRS nanoparticles

"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy" (SERS) nanoparticles have gained much attention in recent years for in silico, in vitro and in vivo sensing applications. Our group has developed novel generations of biocompatible "surfaceenhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy" (SERRS) nanoparticles as novel molecular imaging agents. Via rigorous optimization of the different variables contributing to the Raman enhancement, we were able to design SERRS nanoparticles with so far unprecedented sensitivity of detection under in vivo imaging conditions (femto-attomolar range). This has resulted in our ability to visualize, with a single nanoparticle, many different cancer types (after intravenous injection) in mouse models. The cancer types we have tested so far include brain, breast, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, colon, sarcoma, and prostate cancer. All mouse models used are state-of-the-art and closely mimic the tumor biology in their human counterparts. In these animals, we were able to visualize not only the bulk tumors, but importantly also microscopic extensions and locoregional satellite metastases, thus delineating for the first time the true extent of tumor spread. Moreover, the particles enable the detection of premalignant lesions. Given their inert composition they are expected to have a high chance for clinical translation, where we envision them to have an impact in various scenarios ranging from early detection, image-guidance in open or minimally invasive surgical procedures, to noninvasive imaging in conjunction with spatially offset (SESORS) Raman detection devices.
Who Is American? Demographic and Social-Contextual Correlates of Identification as a “Typical” American Among Diverse Asian Americans

ABSTRACTAsian Americans are at risk for marginalization and lower rates of American identification. This descriptive study examines demographic and social-contextual correlates of identifying as a “typical” American across diverse Asian American adults (n = 3,511). Asian American immigrants exhibited lower identification than U.S.-born Asian Americans. Korean Americans demonstrated the lowest rate of identification but were the only subgroup for which “typical” American identification was tied to satisfaction with life. Male gender, lower employment status, U.S. citizenship, U.S.-born status, time in the United States, lower perceived success for Asian Americans, lower group discrimination, and home ownership were associated with identifying as a typical American for the full Asian American sample. Results are considered in relation to marginalization, psychological meaningfulness underlying self-identification, and practical relevance.
Real-time blood cross-matching sensor for intelligent management of transfusion safety

Blood transfusion errors are not uncommon. In some cases the error is fatal. This is primarily due to lack of an automated system at the point of application and over-reliance on bar-coding and paperwork to catch these critical errors. In emergency situations, human errors contribute to transfusion and transplantation of incompatible blood types and organs resulting in rejection and possible fatality. We present a sensing concept that will monitor blood compatibility between the patient and the transfusion bag before allowing the valve to open for transfusion to take place. This will eliminate all transfusion errors and provide 100% safe transfusions automatically. The operating principle of the sensor is based on the light scattering characteristics of dilute blood and the effect of agglutination on scattering. The device proposed is an optical system based on spectrophotometric methods. The device configuration, and results from several tests with combinations of known blood samples will be presented.
Retinoblastoma: Clinical and Molecular Perspectives

Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer that has been fundamental to the understanding of tumorigenesis. The RB gene was the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered, and the Rb protein is targeted for inactivation in the vast majority of human cancers. This chapter reviews the clinical features of retinoblastoma and highlights the insights into molecular oncology that have resulted from study of the Rb tumor suppressor pathway.
Uranium Chemistry in Soils and Sediments

Abstract Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of U in biogeochemical systems have made an impact and are becoming widely used in the environmental and geological sciences. In this chapter, we summarize considerations for making successful U XAS measurements, describe the methods of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis as they pertain to U, and give an overview of the literature related to U XAS. The chemistry of U is complex, such that small changes in solution chemistry can have a large change in the chemical speciation of U. The controlling factors are carbonate, pH, ionic strength, and the presence of aqueous or surface ligands containing C, Fe, P, S, and Si.
Nutrients and phytoplankton in semienclosed lagoon systems in Florida Bay and their responses to changes in flow from Everglades restoration

The largest estuarine flow restoration project is the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). In 2012, one of its first phases, the C-111 Project, was initiated and designed to increase freshwater flow into northern Florida Bay. Effects of changes in flow and associated nutrients on phytoplankton abundance and composition were studied in two sets of interconnected, quasi-enclosed saline lakes at the southern end of the Everglades that discharge into northern Florida Bay. After C-111 implementation, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) decreased, driven by especially large declines in NOx−. In spite of N reduction, those lakes that has been oligotrophic prior to the project experienced an approximate doubling of phytoplankton biomass as nutrient ratios converged on Redfield proportions, and a shift to smaller sized cells and a loss of diatoms as NOx− availability declined. The other set of these lakes, previously highly eutrophic, sustained a significant, nearly 50%, decline in overall phytoplankton biomass, particularly larger sized cells, which, in turn, increased downstream. A chemostat model was invoked to explain these changes based on changes in flow and nutrients. In both systems the proportions of picocyanobacteria increased in the upper lakes as the relative availability of chemically reduced forms of N increased. Both lake systems may export algal biomass, changing the phytoplankton assemblage in northern Florida Bay. These lakes may also serve as buffers, damping the effects in Florida Bay itself, and they illustrate broad implications for estuaries that are impacted by natural or anthropogenic changes in flow.
The reactivity and ultrastructure of conjunctival microaneurysms in diabetes.

The response of conjunctival vascular dilatations to topical epinephrine was tested in 25 subjects. Irregular venular dilatations disappeared, venular microaneurysms underwent partial contraction, while capillary microaneurysms did not contract following application of epinephrine. Biopsy specimens of the conjunctiva were examined by light and electron microscopy in four diabetic patients in whom microaneurysms had been demonstrated by biomicroscopy. Marked thickening of the basement membrane and enlargement of the endothelial cytoplasm were noted in the dilated capillaries. Pericytes were normal in number and appearance. Conjunctival capillary dilatations in three nondiabetics failed to show these changes. A milder degree of basement membrane thickening was observed in a younger diabetic. The finding of conjunctival capillary microaneurysms in a diabetic would thus appear to indicate the presence of microangiopathy.
Building a Cognitive Application Using Watson DeepQA

Academic advisors assist students in academic, professional, and personal matters. Successful advising increases applicant yield and student retention, improves graduation rates, and helps students meet educational goals. This work presents a cognitive advising system that answers questions related to a university and its programs. This system uses IBM Watson’s cognitive intelligence to identify the question category and then answer the question accordingly. To implement the system, the authors created a four-step systems development process. Their approach will be used as part of a Cognitive Computing in Business course that exposes student teams with diverse skills and backgrounds to both developing and deploying cognitive systems.
‘Show us your frilly, pink underbelly’: Men administrative assistants doing masculinities and femininity

Research on men tokens (or numerical minorities) at work has focused on the processes by which men try to claim hegemonic masculine identities for themselves and how workplace interactants support or reject these attempts. In contrast to masculinity studies, token theory has paid less attention to non-hegemonic masculinities. Using interviews with men administrative assistants, I develop a more comprehensive understanding of men tokens' gender performances and their significance for gender inequality. I present a four-part typology: hegemonic masculinity, alternative masculinity, critical masculinity and male femininity. The categories are differentiated along two axes: support for hegemonic masculinity and support for hierarchical, binary gender.
Sustained Gains In Coverage, Access, And Affordability Under The ACA: A 2017 Update

The significant gains in health insurance coverage and improvements in health care access and affordability that followed the implementation of the key coverage provisions of the Affordable Care Act in 2014 have persisted into 2017. Adults in all parts of the country, of all ages, and across all income groups have benefited from a large and sustained increase in the percentage of the US population that has health insurance. The gains have been particularly striking among low- and moderate-income Americans living in states that expanded Medicaid. Our latest survey data from the Urban Institute’s 2017 Health Reform Monitoring Survey shows that only 10.2 percent of nonelderly adults are now uninsured—a decline of almost 41 percent from the period before implementation of the ACA. Nonetheless, repealing and replacing the ACA remained under consideration during the summer of 2017, along with more systematic changes to the financing of the Medicaid program. Many people will be at substantial risk if key compone...
TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE: SELF-CONCEPT AND MOTIVATION FOR ABSTINENCE AMONG SUBSTANCE ABUSERS

Individuals approved for public-sector addiction treatment were interviewed regarding their reasons for attempting abstinence. Follow-up interviews were completed 3 to 6 months after participants' removal from county-controlled treatment wait-lists. Rates of continuous self-reported abstinence for 90 days preceding follow-up were positively associated with motivation linked to discrepancies between substance use and self-standards. Characteristics associated with high identity-linked motivation were cocaine preference, a history of reducing self-dissatisfaction through substance use, low rewards and high costs associated with using, and low support for the user identity among significant others. The perception of discrepancies between substance use and self-standards was an effective motivator of abstinence even among those who reported previous use of substances to dampen self-dissatisfaction.
Inhibition of Raf-1 in human breast cancer cells is associated with decreased expression of BRCC3, a novel cell cycle regulated molecule

2586 Raf-1 protein serine-threonine kinase plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Here we report identification and an initial characterization of BRCC3, a novel gene discovered earlier by expression profiling in human breast cancer cells treated with antisense raf oligodeoxyribonucleotide (rafASODN) (Gokhale et al. , Identification of novel genes regulated by Raf-1 protein kinase in human breast cancer cells. Proceedings of the American Association of Cancer Research , Abstract #1551, 2000). BRCC3 open reading frame consists of 529 amino acids, coding for a ∼ 60 kDa protein. Expression of BRCC3 protein is relatively high during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of MDA-MB 231 cells with rafASODN caused inhibition of expression of Raf-1 and BRCC3. Treatment of MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells with c- raf -1 siRNA also resulted in decreased expression of Raf-1, phospho-ERK (P-ERK), and BRCC3. Expression of Myc epitope-tagged BRCC3 cDNA in HEK-293T cells was associated with increased P-ERK and cell proliferation, and decreased etoposide-induced cell death. These findings demonstrate that BRCC3 is a novel component of Raf-1/ERK mitogenic signaling pathway. This work was funded by grants from the NIH and NeoPharm, Inc.
Life on an Emotional Roller Coaster: NFL Players and Their Family Members’ Perspectives on Player Mental Health

This qualitative study examined how NFL players and their family members characterized the impact of an NFL career on the mental and emotional health of NFL players. We interviewed 25 NFL players (...
The role of the speech and language clinician on a multidisciplinary team.

This article describes the role of the speech and language clinician on a psychoeducational multidisciplinary team. The effects of language disorders on childrens' behavior and treatment are discussed along with specific ways in which the speech and language clinician can intervene.
Coalescence of Levitated He II Drops

We describe experiments to study the coalescence of He II drops levitated in a magnetic trap. Using a high speed CCD camera, we have produced movies of drops coalescing at temperatures as low as 0.7 K. We examine some interesting features of the motion during and following coalescence.
An amphipathic helix enables septins to sense micron-scale membrane curvature

The geometry of cells is well described by membrane curvature. Septins are filament forming, GTP-binding proteins that assemble on positive, micrometer-scale curvatures. Here, we examine the molecular basis of curvature sensing by septins. We show that differences in affinity and the number of binding sites drive curvature-specific adsorption of septins. Moreover, we find septin assembly onto curved membranes is cooperative and show that geometry influences higher-order arrangement of septin filaments. Although septins must form polymers to stay associated with membranes, septin filaments do not have to span micrometers in length to sense curvature, as we find that single septin complexes have curvature-dependent association rates. We trace this ability to an amphipathic helix (AH) located on the C-terminus of Cdc12. The AH domain is necessary and sufficient for curvature sensing both in vitro and in vivo. These data show that curvature sensing by septins operates at much smaller length scales than the micrometer curvatures being detected.
Comparison of quasi-Rayleigh waves and Rayleigh waves, and clarifying the cut-off frequency of quasi-Rayleigh waves.

Abstract The Partial Wave Method is unique in that it establishes a foundation on which various elastodynamic guided waves can be compared. In this paper, the method is used to compare quasi-Rayleigh waves and Rayleigh waves, and investigate the eccentricities of the Partial Wave Method at phase velocities equal to the Rayleigh wave speed. The comparison results in the definition of two types of quasi-Rayleigh waves and an explanation for quasi-Rayleigh wave behavior reported in the literature at frequencies that do not satisfy Viktorov’s quasi-Rayleigh wave condition. These conclusions are also verified by the superposition of A0 and S0 mode wave-structures calculated using the semi-analytical finite element method.
EVALUATION OF A MINIATURIZED HANDHELD ECHO MACHINE FOR FOCUSED ASSESSMENT OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE IN CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY

Advances in ultrasound technology have resulted in miniaturization of echocardiographic machines. These machines improve availability and portability, and can be particularly useful for underserved areas or international outreach. The goal of this study was to compare left ventricular fractional
Impurity Effects of Spin-Label Probes: An Evaluation Using Monomolecular Film Techniques

ABSTRACT The use of spin-label probes in the determination of membrane structure indicates qualitative agreement with observations made by other investigational techniques. However, quantitative evaluation of permeability, fluidity, etc., reveal differences in part arising from the presence of the nitroxide group which significantly affect its immediate environment. We have previously investigated the perturbing effect of the nitroxide group through studies of pure and mixed monomolecular films of several probes. (1-3) Positive deviations from ideality are reported here for 12-nitroxide stearate for most compositions and surface pressures of a myristic acid-12-nitroxide stearate mixture. The probe is estimated to produce an impurity effect equivalent to raising the temperature of neighboring hydrocarbon chains by approximately 10°C.
Development of a Highly Portable Plate Loading Device and In Situ Modulus Measurements in Weak Rock Masses

In recent years, underground mines in Nevada are increasingly exploiting in weak mineralized zones at greater depths that are intensely fractured and highly altered. The mechanical behavior of these rock masses ranges between weak rock and very stiff soil. A common limitation for design of underground mining excavations in these types of rock masses is absence of in situ geotechnical data. This limitation is generally overcome by estimating in situ mechanical behavior from empirical relationships so that the continuum-based numerical methods can be used to evaluate ground support designs. Because of the cost, time, and specialized equipment involved, historically in situ tests have not been performed in these underground mines. Predictive rock mass modulus relationships that are currently available in the literature are derived from field testing of predominantly good-quality rock masses. Consequently, there is limited confidence in using these models for rock masses with Rock Mass Ratings less than 45. In order to overcome some of these limitations, a portable plate loading device (PPLD) was designed and fabricated. The PPLD allows one to perform low cost and relatively quick in situ deformability tests to be performed on weak rock masses in underground mines. Test procedures and data reduction methods were developed to limit potential sources of error associated with the PPLD test. A total of fourteen plate loading tests were performed in weak rock masses at two different active underground mines in Nevada, USA. The resulting the test data were compared to eight published empirical rock mass modulus relationships to determine which, if any, of these relationships are sufficiently accurate for estimating modulus in similar geotechnical conditions. Only two of these relationships were found to be sufficient for first-order estimations of in situ modulus.
Effects of air oxidation on the evolution of surface area within nuclear graphite and the contribution of macropores

Abstract Reactive surface area and its evolution play an important role in the oxidation behavior of porous carbon materials. Here, the evolution of reactive surface area within nuclear graphite grades NBG-18, IG-110, and PCEA were examined using chronic oxidation experiments interrupted with short thermal gravimetric analyses. To help interpret the observed changes in reactive surface area, the contribution of macropore total surface area was estimated using X-ray computed tomography with repeated morphological dilations of the digitally isolated pore structure. For these nuclear graphites, the reactive surface area changes by more than an order of magnitude between 0 and 70% conversion. Surface roughening, macropore opening and evolution, as well as late exposure of filler material likely contribute to the observed behavior of reactive surface area in these nuclear graphites.
Physics Textbooks from 1960–2016: A History of Gender and Racial Bias

According to a report from the Statistical Research Center of the American Institute of Physics (AIP), 74% percent of BS physics degrees and 87% of PhD physics degrees were awarded to White recipients while Black recipients accounted for 3% and 2%, respectively. In 2016 only 2.5% of physics faculty members were African American. More striking, Palus reports that, “In the entire United States, of the thousands and thousands of college physics and astronomy faculty, only 75 are African American or Hispanic women.” AIP also reported that in 2012 the percent of physics BS degrees completed by female students of any race was less than 18% and the percent of physics PhD degrees awarded to females was less than 20%. Between 2002 and 2014 the percent of women faculty in physics only rose from 10% to 16%. At the assistant professor level, this is 23%; however, at higher ranks the percent of associate and full professor was 18% and 10%, respectively, which may indicate barriers to promotion. These trends are too often reflected in widely used educational resources.
Association of right atrial structure with incident atrial fibrillation: a longitudinal cohort cardiovascular magnetic resonance study from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

While studies of the left atrium (LA) have demonstrated associations between volumes and emptying fraction with atrial fibrillation (AF), the contribution of right atrial (RA) abnormalities to incident AF remains poorly understood. Assess the association between RA structure and function with incident AF using feature-tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). This is a prospective cohort study of all participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with baseline CMR, sinus rhythm, and free of clinical cardiovascular disease at study initiation. RA volume, strain, and emptying fraction in participants with incident AF (n = 368) were compared against AF-free (n = 2779). Cox proportional-hazards models assessed association between variables. Participants were aged 60 ± 10 yrs., 55% female, and followed an average 11.2 years. Individuals developing AF had higher baseline RA maximum volume index (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 24 ± 9 vs 22 ± 8 mL/m2, p = 0.002) and minimum volume index (13 ± 7 vs 12 ± 6 mL/m2, p < 0.001), and lower baseline RA emptying fraction (45 ± 15% vs 47 ± 15%, p = 0.02), peak global strain (34 ± 17% vs 36 ± 19%, p < 0.001), and peak free-wall strain (40 ± 23% vs 42 ± 26%, p = 0.049) compared with the AF-free population. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and LA volume and function, we found RA maximum volume index (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.13 per SD, p = 0.041) and minimum volume index (HR: 1.12 per SD, p = 0.037) were independently associated with incident AF. In a large multiethnic population, higher RA volume indices were independently associated with incident AF after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors and LA parameters. It is unclear if this predictive value persists when additional adjustment is made for ventricular parameters.
Buffer pKa Impacts the Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by a Cobalt Porphyrin-Peptide.

The effect of buffer pKa on the mechanism of electrochemical hydrogen evolution catalyzed by a cobalt porphyrin peptide (CoMP11-Ac) at constant pH is presented. The addition of buffer to CoMP11-Ac in water and KCl leads to an enhancement of the catalytic current of up to 200-fold relative to its value in the absence of a buffer. Two distinct catalytic regimes are identified as a function of the buffer pKa. In the presence of buffers with pKa ≤ 7.4, a fast catalysis regime limited by diffusion of buffer is reached. The catalytic half-wave potential (Eh) shifts anodically (from -1.42 to -1.26 V vs Ag/AgCl/KCl(1M)) as the buffer pKa decreases from 7.4 to 5.6, proposed to result from fast Co(III)-H formation following the catalysis-initiating Co(II/I) reduction. With higher-pKa buffers (pKa > 7.7), an Eh = -1.42 V, proposed to reflect the Co(II/I) couple, is maintained independent of the buffer pKa, consistent with rate-limiting Co(III)-H formation under these conditions. We conclude that the buffer species pKa impacts catalytic current and potential and the rate-determining step of the reaction.
Trajectory Control of Omnidirectional Mobile Robots Considering Low-level Actuator Dynamics

High degree of maneuverability in omnidirectional mobile robots, which stems from their holonomic nature, has posed them as an attractive solution in a variety of applications. This paper studies the problem of trajectory control in omnidirectional robots based on practical observations. More specifically, the dynamics of the low-level motor drivers are explicitly incorporated during the development of a hierarchical controller. Lyapunov's stability theorem is then used to analytically derive the control law which could achieve seamless integration of different control structure hierarchies. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to other commonly-used algorithms. Furthermore, the controller exhibits low sensitivity to model parameter variations despite its model-based nature, which would be a very beneficial feature in practical implementations as it would limit the need for extensive modeling and calibration.
Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Conference 11609

Introduction to SPIE Advance Lithography Conference 11609: Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography XII
Critical Care Medicine

Critical care ultrasound is a rapidly growing branch of point-of-care ultrasound with a long list of applications ripe for utilization in the critical setting. Establishing a critical care ultrasound program requires resources and planning. The authors describe strategies for both adult and pediatric critical care programs including specific topics such as billing, equipment, and credentialing.
Diversity of nitrogen cycling genes at a Midwest long-term ecological research site with different management practices

Nitrogen fertilizer results in the release of nitrous oxide (N2O), a concern because N2O is an ozone-depleting substance and a greenhouse gas. Although the reduction of N2O to nitrogen gas can control emissions, the factors impacting the enzymes involved have not been fully explored. The current study investigated the abundance and diversity of genes involved in nitrogen cycling (primarily denitrification) under four agricultural management practices (no tillage [NT], conventional tillage [CT], reduced input, biologically-based). The work involved examining soil shotgun sequencing data for nine genes (napA, narG, nirK, nirS, norB, nosZ, nirA, nirB, nifH). For each gene, relative abundance values, diversity and richness indices, and taxonomic classification were determined. Additionally, the genes associated with nitrogen metabolism (defined by the KEGG hierarchy) were examined. The data generated were statistically compared between the four management practices. The relative abundance of four genes (nifH, nirK, nirS, and norB) were significantly lower in the NT treatment compared to one or more of the other soils. The abundance values of napA, narG, nifH, nirA, and nirB were not significantly different between NT and CT. The relative abundance of nirS was significantly higher in the CT treatment compared to the others. Diversity and richness values were higher for four of the nine genes (napA, narG, nirA, nirB). Based on nirS/nirK ratios, CT represents the highest N2O consumption potential in four soils. In conclusion, the microbial communities involved in nitrogen metabolism were sensitive to different agricultural practices, which in turn, likely has implications for N2O emissions. • Four genes were less abundant in NT compared to one or more of the others soils (nifH, nirK, nirS, norB). • The most abundant sequences for many of the genes classified within the Proteobacteria. • Higher diversity and richness indices were observed for four genes (napA, narG, nirA, nirB). • Based on nirS/nirK ratios, CT represents the highest N 2 O consumption potential.
The development and implementation of an advanced practice registered nurse-led prenatal education program for housing insecure women.

ABSTRACT Housing insecurity has been shown to have an impact on the health care system due to negative maternal and neonatal outcomes. Housing insecurity is associated with the social determinants of health under the umbrella of economic stability and neighborhood/physical environments. Research shows that educational programs and support resources can help alleviate this strain for women who are pregnant. This article discusses the development and implementation of an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)-led, prenatal education group for women facing housing insecurity who are pregnant and high risk. The curriculum was revised and based on a March of Dimes Becoming a Mom with alignment to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. The 10-week prenatal education program was created and implemented by a group of APRNs and registered nurses to aid pregnant women facing housing insecurity with coping strategies and education regarding their pregnancy.
Development of monoclonal antibodies for quantification of bovine tumor necrosis factor-α

Abstract The expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is associated with production losses in dairy cows and is a hallmark of early inflammatory processes. Reliable tools for the detection and quantification of soluble as well as cytoplasmatic bovine TNF-α are needed to deepen our understanding of inflammatory dynamics in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to generate a monoclonal antibody (mAb) pair that could be used to quantify bovine TNF-α in cell culture supernatants and plasma and to detect cytoplasmatic TNF-α in bovine leukocyte populations. One mouse was immunized with a recombinant fusion protein of bovine TNF-α and equine IL-4 generated in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Murine monoclonal antibodies specific to bovine TNF-α were produced in hybridoma cell lines and selected based on their specificity to the recombinant IL-4/TNF-α protein. Clones 197-1 and 65-2, both murine IgG1 isotypes, detected the bovine TNF-α fusion protein as well as the native protein produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with a combination of phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. Both mAbs were tested for and lacked cross-reactivity to equine IL-4 and 3 other recombinant bovine cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-10, and CCL5) and were used to develop a fluorescent bead-based assay. The range of bovine TNF-α detection in the assay was 0.2 to 620 ng/mL, and the test was used to quantify native bovine TNF-α in cell culture supernatants of stimulated PBMC and in plasma from ex vivo whole-blood stimulations. Sample matrices were spiked with TNF-α, with subsequent recovery rates (mean ± SD) of 89% ± 9 (n = 3) in culture medium and 94% ± 12 (n = 3) in heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Serial dilutions of plasma and cell culture supernatants from stimulated whole blood or PBMC indicated excellent accuracy for quantification of native TNF-α in bovine samples. Both bovine TNF-α mAbs also detected intracellular TNF-α in bovine CD14+ monocytes and CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the mAbs generated provide valuable new tools to quantify native bovine TNF-α in a wide concentration range and to characterize intracellular TNF-α expression in bovine leukocytes.
Steroid Induction of Porphyrin Synthesis in Liver Cell Culture I. STRUCTURAL BASIS AND POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE IN THE CONTROL OF HEME FORMATION

Abstract 1. A number of steroid metabolites strongly stimulate porphyrin biosynthesis in chick embryo liver cells growing in primary culture. These metabolites are of the 5β-H type; they are derived from the biotransformation of C 19 and C 21 hormones, such as testosterone and progesterone, and they are active in inducing porphyrinogenesis in concentrations at least as low as 10-6 to 10-8 m. Typical inducing steroids are etiocholanolone, pregnandiol, 11-ketopregnanolone, and pregnantriol. Their activities in liver cell culture equal or exceed those of the most potent porphyria-inducing drugs and chemicals previously described. 2. Cholesterol, the major bile acids, and C 21-hydroxylated steroids such as cortisol and aldosterone are inactive in induction; other primary hormones and intermediates have weak activity, as do metabolites of the 5α-H type. 3. The glucuronide derivatives of even potent inducers are devoid of activity. Steroid induction of porphyrin synthesis in vivo, therefore, may be expected to depend, among other factors, on the rate at which the free inducing steroid is glucuronidated and the rate at which the steroid glucuronide is hydrolyzed. 4. These porphyrinogenic steroids are the first recognized general class of physiological agents which have potent porphyrin-inducing action in liver cells. Because they also stimulate heme synthesis in chick blastoderm erythroid cells, it is suggested as a working hypothesis that they may normally play a role in the control of heme biosynthesis in all cells through regulation of the formation of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. 5. These porphyrinogenic steroids may also be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic porphyria in man, particularly at times when uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid formation or uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid-transferase activity for steroids becomes inhibited or limiting.
Ability of intravaginal progesterone inserts and melengestrol acetate to induce estrous cycles in postpartum beef cows.

Postpartum anestrous interval in beef cows is a major factor contributing to reproductive failure during a defined breeding season. Our objectives were to determine the ability of a controlled internal drug-releasing device (CIDR, 1.9 g of progesterone), a normal dose of melengestrol acetate (MGA, 0.5 mg x cow(-1) x d(-1)), or a high dose of MGA (4.0 mg x cow(-1) x d(-1)) to induce ovulation and to eliminate short estrous cycles. Multiparous beef cows (n = 100) were equally assigned to one of four treatments: CIDR, normal MGA, high MGA, or control by age, days postpartum, body condition, and body weight. All cows were fed carrier (0.9072 kg x cow(-1) x d(-1)) with (normal MGA, 0.55 mg/kg; high MGA, 4.41 mg/kg) or without MGA for 7 d (d -6 to 0). On d -6, CIDR were inserted and then removed on d 0. Estrous behavior was monitored continuously from d -6 until 29 using HeatWatch electronic mount detectors. Blood was collected on d -13, and three times weekly from d -6 to 29. Treatment influenced (P = 0.03) the percentage of cows that were detected in standing estrus. Beginning on d 2, more CIDR-treated cows had exhibited standing estrus compared with high MGA-treated or control cows, but CIDR- and normal MGA-treated cows did not differ. The percentage of CIDR-treated cows that had ovulated was greater (P 1 ng/mL for > or = 10 d) was greater (P < 0.01) in CIDR-treated cows (14.0 +/- 0.8 d; 20/20, 100%) compared with normal MGA-treated (6.2 +/- 1.0 d; 3/13, 23%), high MGA-treated (9.6 +/- 1.0 d; 8/14, 57%), or control cows (6.1 +/- 0.9 d; 4/17, 24%), and greater (P < 0.03) in high MGA-treated cows than in normal MGA-treated or control cows. In the present study, treatment of early postpartum suckled beef cows with CIDR induced ovulation and initiated estrous cycles with a normal luteal life span in more cows than did treatment with MGA. Treatment with MGA (normal or high dose) did not induce ovulation earlier than in control cows, but a high dose of MGA increased the percentage of cows with normal luteal life spans following the first ovulation postpartum.
Abstract P223: Dietary Magnesium and the Risk of Stroke among Women

Background: Epidemiology studies suggest that high magnesium intake may decrease the risk of stroke by reducing hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and carotid artery thickness, but the results are inconsistent. We therefore examined the association between magnesium intake and stroke type in a cohort with repeated measurement of diet, long duration of follow up, and a large sample size. Methods: We prospectively followed 86,149 women in the Nurses’ Health Study, aged 35 to 55 years, who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline in 1980. Data on dietary intake were collected with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1980, 1984, 1986 and then every 4 years, while data on stroke, stroke risk factors and potential confounders were collected at baseline and updated biennially. Strokes were classified according to the National Survey of Stroke criteria; and strokes for which medical records were not available were classified as probable/unknown. We calculated the hazard ratio (95% CI) of stroke by quintiles of magnesium intake, using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: During 28 years of follow-up, 3237 total strokes (1664 ischemic, 544 hemorrhagic and 1029 probable/unknown) were documented. In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, total calories, smoking, body-mass index, parental history of heart disease, alcohol intake, physical activity, menopausal therapy, history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes at baseline, as well as use of multivitamin, aspirin, and thiazides, women in the highest quintile of magnesium intake had a relative risk (RR) of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.96; P for trend=0.03) for total stroke; 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.01; P for trend=0.05) for ischemic stroke; and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.08; P for trend=0.37) for hemorrhagic stroke, compared with those in the lowest quintile. Further adjustment for potassium and calcium attenuated these associations; for total stroke the risk estimate was 0.90 (0.75 to 1.06; P for trend=0.38). Conclusions: Low magnesium intake may contribute to higher risk of stroke, but distinction from potential effects of potassium and calcium is difficult.
Physical Security Devices for Computer Subsystems: A Survey of Attacks and Defences

As the value of data on computing systems increases and operating systems become more secure, physical attacks on computing systems to steal or modify assets become more likely. This technology requires constant review and improvement, just as other competitive technologies need review to stay at the leading edge. This paper describes known physical attacks, ranging from simple attacks that require little skill or resource, to complex attacks that require trained, technical people and considerable resources. Physical security methods to deter or prevent these attacks are presented. The intent is to match protection methods with the attack methods in terms of complexity and cost. In this way cost effective protection can be produced across a wide range of systems and needs. Specific technical mechanisms now in use are shown, as well as mechanisms proposed for future use. Common design problems and solutions are discussed with consideration for manufacturing.
Shippingport, Kentucky, is the type locality for the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Abstract The white-footed mouse, Musculus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818 (= Peromyscus leucopus), is a common small mammal that is widespread in the eastern and central United States. Its abundance in many habitats renders it ecologically important, and its status as a reservoir for hantavirus and Lyme disease gives the species medical and economic significance. The recognition of two cytotypes and up to 17 morphological subspecies of P. leucopus indicates considerable variation in the species, and to understand this variation, it is important that the nominate subspecies be adequately defined so as to act as a standard for comparison. Relevant to this standard for the white-footed mouse is its type locality, which has generally been accepted to be either the vague “pine barrens of Kentucky” or the mouth of the Ohio River. Newly assembled information regarding the life and travels of Constantine S. Rafinesque, the North American naturalist who described P. leucopus, establishes that Rafinesque observed this sp...
Optimal dosing of dobutamine for treating post-resuscitation left ventricular dysfunction.

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the optimal dose of dobutamine in the treatment of post-resuscitation left ventricular dysfunction. Background: Global left ventricular dysfunction following successful resuscitation from prolonged, ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest, negatively impacts long-term survival. Dobutamine can overcome this global myocardial stunning. Previous data indicate a dose of 10 mcg/kg min improves systolic and diastolic function, but markedly increases the heart rate. Methods: Twenty swine (24±0.4 kg) were randomized to one of four doses (0, 2, 5, and 7.5 mcg/kg min) of dobutamine for the treatment of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction following 12.5 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Cardiac function was measured at pre-arrest baseline and serially for 6 h post-resuscitation. Left ventricular function was evaluated by contrast ventriculograms, left ventricular pressures, +dP/dt, Tau, −dP/dt, and cardiac output. Myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial blood flow were measured to assess the functional significance of any dobutamine-mediated heart rate responses. Results: Left ventricular dysfunction was evident at 25 min and peaked 4 h post-resuscitation. Significant (P<0.05) improvements in ventricular systolic (EF, CO) and diastolic (LVEDP, Tau) function were evident within minutes of dobutamine initiation and persisted at 6 h for the 5 and 7.5 mcg/kg min groups. Tachycardia manifested with all dobutamine doses, but only affected myocardial oxygen consumption significantly (P<0.05) at the highest dose (7.5 mcg/kg min). Conclusions: Dobutamine at 5 mcg/kg min appears optimal for restoring systolic and diastolic function post-resuscitation without adversely affecting myocardial oxygen consumption.
Quadratic spaces over finite fields and codes

Abstract Let V be a finite-dimensional quadratic space over a finite field GF ( ϱ ) of characteristic different from 2. It is shown that, even if V is singular, the geometry of V is completely determined by the number of points on the unit sphere, the “sphere of the nonsquares,” and the “0-sphere.” For ϱ = 3, this implies that two codes over GF (3) with the same weight enumerator are isometric.