cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FPHX: A new silicon strip readout chip for the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

The FPHX chip is a silicon strip readout chip developed at Fermilab for use in the FVTX Detector of the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. Each front end consists of an integrator which is AC coupled to a shaper, followed by a discriminator and a 3-bit analog-to-digital converter. The backend is a novel architecture in two stages that permits dead-timeless operation and high-speed readout with very low latency. A slow controller provides an interface for all on-chip programmable functions. This chip has been fabricated in the 0.25um TSMC process. All functionality including the analog front-end, the digital back-end, and the slow controller has been verified experimentally.
Increased Sensitivity of the BACTEC 460 Mycobacterial Radiometric Broth Culture System Does Not Decrease the Number of Respiratory Specimens Required for a Definitive Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The BACTEC 460 radiometric mycobacterial broth culture system has consistently demonstrated faster and increased recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from respiratory specimens of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis than conventional culture methods. We thus questioned whether three sputa were still necessary to definitively diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis if the BACTEC radiometric culture system were in use. We performed a retrospective analysis of 430 sequential respiratory specimens submitted from 143 patients and from which M. tuberculosis had been recovered by in vitro culture and simultaneously assessed the diagnostic yield of acid-fast smear in this same cohort. M. tuberculosis was recovered from the first specimen for 117 (82%) of the 143 patients, from the second for 14 patients (10%; cumulative rate, 92%), and from the third for 12 patients (8%; cumulative rate, 100%). With the exception of those for bronchial brushings, recovery rates of M. tuberculosis were comparable for all respiratory specimen types (expectorated sputum, induced sputum, tracheal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids). Only 46 (32%) of these 143 patients had acid-fast bacilli detected in smears; acid-fast bacilli were detected in the first submitted specimen for 44 patients (96%) and in the second for the remaining 2 patients (4%; cumulative rate, 100%). Culture- or smear-positive rates for sequential specimens obtained from AIDS patients were comparable to those for non-AIDS patients. Overall, the diagnostic culture yield of sequentially submitted specimens was not different from previously published studies in which the BACTEC radiometric culture system had not been used. Despite the documented enhanced ability of the BACTEC 460 radiometric mycobacterial culture system to recover M. tuberculosis more often and faster than conventional methods, three sequential respiratory specimens (regardless of type) were still necessary to definitively diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis.
Social Desirability, Defense Styles, and the Children's Role Inventory Scale

This investigation was designed to answer several research questions. First, using each participant's dominant score to place that individual into one of the four Children's Role Inventory categories, what would be the distribution of college students across the categories? Second, is there a relationship between scores on scales of the Children's Role Inventory and (a) on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and (b) on scales of the Defense Style Questionnaire? 236 undergraduate students at a southern university completed the above questionnaires. The distribution of participants over Children's Role Inventory categories was Hero 179, Mascot 41, Scapegoat 1, Lost Child 9, and Not Classified 6. After Bonferroni correction, significant positive but small correlations were reported between the Hero Scale of the Children's Role Inventory and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, as well as between the Hero Scale of the Children's Role Inventory and the Adaptive Scale of the Defense Style Questionnaire.
Effect of Vancomycin on Plaque After Periodontal Surgery

The ability of vancomycin to reduce the formation of dental plaque after periodontal surgery was studied. There was a significant reduction in plaque for the period of time observed. An extrinsic stain was noted on the teeth of some patients.
Hurricane Katrina: Environmental Hazards in the Disaster Area

The flooding of New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina provides many lessons for the environmental and engineering communities and raises public policy questions about risk management. Although serious environmental and waste management issues were expected as a result of the flooding, extensive environmental sampling largely failed to substantiate them. The attention of those managing the emergency was diverted from critical issues to addressing this area of public apprehension. The potential environmental consequences were of concern because many chemical plants, petroleum facilities, and contaminated sites, including Superfund sites, in the area were covered by floodwaters. In addition, hundreds of commercial establishments, such as service stations, pest control businesses, and dry cleaners, use potentially hazardous chemicals that may have been released into the environment. The potential sources of toxics and environmental contaminants include metal-contaminated soils typical of old urban areas. Compounding these concerns is the presence of hazardous chemicals commonly stored in households and the fuel and motor oil in approximately 350,000 flooded automobiles. Uncontrolled biological wastes from human and animal sources also contributed to the pollutant burden. By and large, however, the environmental problems in the city are not significantly different now from environmental conditions before Hurricane Katrina. This discussion focuses on successes and failures in responding to the environmental concerns and on lessons learned for future disasters.
Toward intelligent flight control

Flight control systems can benefit by being designed to emulate functions of natural intelligence. Intelligent control functions fall into three categories. Declarative actions involve decision making, providing models for system monitoring, goal planning, and system/scenario identification. Procedural actions concern skilled behavior and have parallels in guidance, navigation, and adaptation. Reflexive actions are more or less spontaneous and are similar to inner-loop control and estimation. Intelligent flight control systems will contain a hierarchy of expert systems, procedural algorithms, and computational neural networks, each expanding on prior functions to improve mission capability, to increase the reliability and safety of flight, and to ease pilot workload. >
Invariant regularization of anomaly-free chiral theories

We present a generalization of the Frolov-Slavnov invariant regularization scheme for chiral fermion theories in curved spacetimes. The Lagrangian level regularization is explicitly invariant under all the local gauge symmetries of the theory, including local Lorentz invariance. The perturbative scheme works for {ital arbitrary} representations which satisfy the chiral gauge anomaly and the mixed Lorentz-gauge anomaly cancellation conditions. Anomalous theories on the other hand manifest themselves by having divergent fermion loops which remain unregularized by the scheme. Since the invariant scheme is promoted to include also local Lorentz invariance, spectator fields which do not couple to gravity cannot be, and are not, introduced. Furthermore, the scheme is truly chiral (Weyl) in that {ital all} fields, including the regulators, are left handed; and {ital only the left-handed spin connection} is needed. The scheme is, therefore, well suited for the study of the interaction of matter with all four known forces in a completely chiral fashion. In contrast with the vectorlike formulation, the degeneracy between the Adler-Bell-Jackiw current and the fermion number current in the bare action is preserved by the chiral regularization scheme. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Structure and Seismic Hazard of the Ventura Avenue Anticline and Ventura Fault, California: Prospect for Large, Multisegment Ruptures in the Western Transverse Ranges

Abstract The Ventura Avenue anticline is one of the fastest uplifting structures in southern California, rising at ∼5 mm/yr. We use well data and seismic reflection profiles to show that the anticline is underlain by the Ventura fault, which extends to seismogenic depth. Fault offset increases with depth, implying that the Ventura Avenue anticline is a fault‐propagation fold. A decrease in the uplift rate since ∼30±10 ka is consistent with the Ventura fault breaking through to the surface at that time and implies that the fault has a recent dip‐slip rate of ∼4.4–6.9 mm/yr. To the west, the Ventura fault and fold trend continues offshore as the Pitas Point fault and its associated hanging wall anticline. The Ventura–Pitas Point fault appears to flatten at about 7.5 km depth to a detachment, called the Sisar decollement, then step down on a blind thrust fault to the north. Other regional faults, including the San Cayetano and Red Mountain faults, link with this system at depth. We suggest that below 7.5 km, these faults may form a nearly continuous surface, posing the threat of large, multisegment earthquakes. Holocene marine terraces on the Ventura Avenue anticline suggest that it grows in discrete events with 5–10 m of uplift, with the latest event having occurred ∼800 years ago (Rockwell, 2011). Uplift this large would require large earthquakes ( M w 7.7–8.1) involving the entire Ventura/Pitas Point system and possibly more structures along strike, such as the San Cayetano fault. Because of the local geography and geology, such events would be associated with significant ground shaking amplification and regional tsunamis.
TREATY PRINCIPLES AND PATTERNS: SELECTED INTERNATIONAL WATER AGREEMENTS AS LESSONS FOR THE RESOLUTION OF THE SYR DARYA AND AMU DARYA WATER DISPUTE

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan became independent states. The Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, which were once under the auspices of one country, were now shared among five republics. Management of the two rivers and coordination of the water-sharing regime—once the responsibility of Moscow—became embroiled in the politics of newfound sovereignty. The water sharing regime and barter arrangements, which involved trading cheap fuel and electricity provided by downstream countries (Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan) for water released by upstream countries (Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan), was interrupted. Payments for reservoir upkeep were also halted. Additionally, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have argued that they would like to develop their hydropower potential and receive monetary compensation for the inequitable water-sharing regime, favouring cotton production downstream. The five republics have achieved little progress in better sharing and managing their common waters and the current situation is far from satisfactory. In addition to discussing the water dispute and considering some of the interim progress made among the countries, this chapter will review lessons from other international water agreements that may provide a more adequate and long-term solution to the Central Asia water dispute. The chapter will specifically highlight two main principles (compensation for facility use and compensation for downstream benefits), which are expressed in several agreements that span conflicting water uses among upstream and downstream states. These principles can, in turn, be appropriately applied to the dispute over the Syr Darya and Amu Darya Rivers.
Effectively prioritizing tests in development environment

Software testing helps ensure not only that the software under development has been implemented correctly, but also that further development does not break it. If developers introduce new defects into the software, these should be detected as early and inexpensively as possible in the development cycle. To help optimize which tests are run at what points in the design cycle, we have built Echelon, a test prioritization system, which prioritizes the application's given set of tests, based on what changes have been made to the program.Echelon builds on the previous work on test prioritization and proposes a practical binary code based approach that scales well to large systems. Echelon utilizes a binary matching system that can accurately compute the differences at a basic block granularity between two versions of the program in binary form. Echelon utilizes a fast, simple and intuitive heuristic that works well in practice to compute what tests will cover the affected basic blocks in the program. Echelon orders the given tests to maximally cover the affected program so that defects are likely to be found quickly and inexpensively. Although the primary focus in Echelon is on program changes, other criteria can be added in computing the priorities.Echelon is part of a test effectiveness infrastructure that runs under the Windows environment. It is currently being integrated into the Microsoft software development process. Echelon has been tested on large Microsoft product binaries. The results show that Echelon is effective in ordering tests based on changes between two program versions.
Beyond World Images: Belief as Embodied Action in the World

In this article, we outline the analytic limitations of action theories and interpretive schemes that conceive of beliefs as explicit mental representations linked to a desire-opportunity folk psyc...
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS AT THIRTIETH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF INTERNAL SECRETIONS

Members of the Association and their guests, ladies and gentlemen: The constitution of the Association contains no provision that the President should address the members at their annual meeting, nor for that matter does it compel the membership to listen to him, yet the custom of our society has always been that this occasion is one at which the President is privileged to speak on matters pertaining to our common interest in endocrinology. In recent years your President’s responsibility has been lightened by the fact that the address is usually delivered after the annual dinner and after a preliminary gathering which is nicely calculated to bring his audience into its most receptive mood. This adroit timing of the address not only enables the listeners to endure what is to follow but is in sharp contrast to the custom of another eminent medical society, which also once honored me with their presidency.
Tutorial on computational complexity

Computational complexity measures how much work is required to solve different problems. It provides a useful classification tool for OR/MS practitioners, especially when tackling discrete deterministic problems. Use it to tell, in advance, whether a problem is easy or hard. Knowing this won't solve your problem, but it will help you to decide what kind of solution method is appropriate. Complexity analysis helps you to understand and deal with hard problems. It can pinpoint the nasty parts of your problem, alert you to a special structure you can take advantage of, and guide you to model more effectively. You will solve your problem better when you know the borders between hard and easy. Locating the difficulty can indicate where to aggregate, decompose, or simplify. To detect and prove computational difficulty, show that a known hard problem from the literature is embedded within your problem. Fix parameters of your problem to arrive at the known hard problem, or use specialization, padding, forcing, or the more difficult gadget proofs. Study contrasting pairs of easy and hard problems to develop your intuitive ability to assess complexity.
Measuring outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus clinical trials

The recent approval of the biologic therapy, belimumab, for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by the US FDA has shifted the developmental landscape of therapeutics for this autoimmune disease. Promising therapies are currently in development for the treatment of SLE, with trials designed to emphasize clinically relevant end points. This article will discuss outcome measures that have been utilized including disease activity indices, definitions of flare, measures of damage, global assessments of disease activity and measures of health-related quality of life. Application of these outcome measures in recent trials are highlighted as illustrative examples. Contributions to the recent success of randomized controlled trials in SLE have included use of evidence-based responder indices, clear definitions of treatment failure, predefined management strategies for use of immunosuppressive agents and corticosteroids, sufficient sample sizes and efforts to identify responsive patient populations. Each completed study in SLE promises to better inform trial design and offer further opportunities for success in a field with a continuing unmet therapeutic need.
Treatment of major depression before and after implementation of a behavioral health carve-out plan.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined utilization, payments, and quality indicators for treatment of major depressive disorder before and after the 1993 implementation of a behavioral health care carve-out plan for Massachusetts state employees who received medical coverage through indemnity plans or preferred provider organizations. METHODS: The sample of 2,259 enrollees with claims for treatment of major depressive disorder was drawn from the group of 39,541 persons continuously enrolled in preferred provider organizations or indemnity plans for fiscal years 1992 to 1995. A subsample of 243 users of inpatient services accounted for 352 admissions. Bivariate tests were used to compare utilization and quality indicators before and after implementation of the carve-out plan. Simple comparisons of current-year dollars were used. RESULTS: The proportion of enrollees with claims for treatment of major depressive disorder increased significantly under the carve-out plan. Inpatient utilization decreased substantially, ...
Molecular neuro-oncology and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Part 4: p53 signaling pathway

Brain tumors are a diverse group of malignancies that remain refractory to conventional treatment approaches. Molecular neuro-oncology has now begun to clarify the transformed phenotype of brain tumors and identify oncogenic pathways that might be amenable to targeted therapy. Loss of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and its encoded protein are the most common genetic events in human cancer and are a frequent occurrence in brain tumors. p53 functions as a transcription factor and is responsible for the transactivation and repression of key genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis and the cell cycle. Mutation of the p53 gene or dysfunction of its signaling pathway are early events in the transformation process of astrocytic gliomas. The majority of mutations are missense and occur in the conserved regions of the gene, within exons 5 through 8. Molecular therapeutic strategies to normalize p53 signaling in cells with mutant p53 include pharmacologic rescue of mutant protein, gene therapy approaches, small-molecule agonists of downstream inhibitory genes, antisense approaches and oncolytic viruses. Other strategies include activation of normal p53 activity, inhibition of mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 and blockade of p53 nuclear export. Further development of targeted therapies designed to restore or enhance p53 function, and evaluation of these new agents in clinical trials, will be needed to improve survival and quality of life for patients with brain tumors.
Ingest: a simple program for performing distributed relational database operations

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground system produce approximately 600 gigabytes of data per year in the form of many types of datasets. Because of the formidable size of the total data stream, the datasets are impractical to manage with a conventional database system. Therefore, they are archived onto an optical disk juke-box system. A smaller HST Catalog exists to describe the archived data and manage access to the HST archived data. When the Catalog keywords are queried, the resulting records point to file names stored in the archive. This allows users to request datasets by their descriptive keywords instead of file names. The Catalog is populated by data from several external databases via the Ingest program. Ingest normalizes and/or joins rows of multiple external database tables and writes the new rows to the HST Catalog. Secondarily, Ingest parses data values, translates data values, and creates row identifiers for each row to be written to the HST Catalog. The Ingest process is driven by translation tables residing in the object database which can be altered on-the-fly. This paper describes the design of the HST Catalog Data Ingest program in more detail. Ingest has proven to be a powerful tool in the HST environment where functional requirements are many, database structures are enormous and both evolve rapidly.
Descriptive ecology of a turtle assemblage in an urban landscape

Abstract We studied turtle populations inhabiting a canal and a lake (both man-made) within a heavily disturbed, urban setting. Six aquatic and semi-aquatic turtle species were collected in both habitats: spiny softshell turtle (Apolone spinifera), painted turtle (Chrysemys picta), common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), common map turtle (Graptemys geographica), common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) and red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta). While G. geographica was the most common species in the canal habitat, T. scripta was most common in the lake habitat. We describe patterns of sexual size dimorphism and sex ratios for the three most abundant species (G. geographica, T. scripta and S. odoratus). We discuss our data in light of problems facing turtle assemblages in urban settings.
Enabling natural interaction for virtual reality

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dissertation Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 2 A MODULAR IMPLEMENTATION OF WII REMOTE HEAD TRACKING FOR VIRTUAL REALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Software Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Hardware Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Implementation Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 CHAPTER 3 BEYOND THE BINDING: VIRTUAL REALITY REPL AND APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH VR JUGGLUA . . . . 25 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Extensions Beyond the Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Conclusions and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Cancers of the breast and female genital system: Search for recessive genetic factors through analysis of human isolate

Abstract To investigate the importance of recessive genes in female breast and genital cancers, we have conducted investigations in the Hutterites, a highly inbred genetic isolate in North America. The homogeneous life style of this group, which lives on communal farms, also facilities distinction between shared environmental and genetic factors. We ascertained 177 cases of cancer (all organ systems) through Canadian and United States cancer registries, field trips, and searches of death certificates. Breast cancer and endometrial cancer mortalities were those expected for 1970 United States whites, but no deaths due to squamous cervical carcinoma were ascertained in this monogamous population. Inbreeding coefficients (F) for cases were higher than means for matched controls for each of the four cases of breast cancers that occured in yougner women (less than 45 years of age), for four of five cases of endometrial cancer, and for the single cases of uterine leimyosarcoma, dysgerminoma, and ovarian adenocarcinoma. By contrast, in cases of breast cancer that occurred in women 45 years of age or older, only four of 15 F's were above those for controls. There is a significant difference between the two breast cancer age groups with respect to the likelihood that the F of cases was higher than the F of controls (x 2 =6.99, p
Subsurface structure of water–gas escape features revealed by ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Lake Powell delta, Utah, USA

Abstract Data gathered by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were used to produce a three-dimensional image of subsurface soft-sediment deformation structures developed on the modern Lake Powell delta at Hite, Utah. ERT and GPR lines were run orthogonal across the crater. ERT resolved a low-resistivity layer up to 2 m thick in the area near the vents within the crater. This low-resistivity layer thins toward the margins representing clays ejected from the vents. Below and adjacent to this layer is a high-resistivity layer that reflects delta top and pro-delta sands. The deepest zone recognized in the ERT profiles consists of a low-resistivity layer, clay deposits that accumulated during the maximum lake high stand. This clay zone is connected to the vent within the crater by a conduit that changes diameter vertically. GPR profiles recognized the presence of collapse features restricted to the proximity of the vent. The geometry of the model is consistent with those proposed for marine pockmarks that can be generated seismically or aseismically with the exception of subaerial exposure after the dome stage development.
Elk and cattle forage use under a specialized grazing system

The Walker Basin Allotment grazing system in central Arizona is designed to allocate resource use under elk (Cervus elaphus L.) and cattle (Bos taurus L.) grazing. The grazing system was designed to promote biologically acceptable levels of forage use on the half of the allotment scheduled for cattle grazing and to rest the other half by attracting elk to pastures recently grazed by cattle. The objectives of our 2-year study were to determine whether the grazing system facilitated proper forage use as defined by recent forage use and residual stubble height guidelines (i.e., 30 to 40% use and an 8- to 10-cm stubble height) and whether the system rested one half of the allotment from elk and cattle grazing. Mean (+/- SEM) total elk and cattle forage use for western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii Rydb.), the key forage species, was 32 and 61% +/- 7 in 1997 and 1998, respectively; corresponding mean (+/- SEM) stubble heights were 11 and 10 cm +/- 0.6. Mean total cattle and elk forage use in 1998 (61%) exceeded the 30 to 40% use guidelines. However, mean end-of-year stubble height was never below 10 cm. The grazing system did not provide half the allotment with complete rest; elk used all study pastures. Elk use was higher in pastures with heavier tree cover and steeper terrain in both years, regardless of where cattle grazing occurred. Elk grazing patterns were apparently more dependent on tree cover and topography than any changes in forage caused by the grazing system. DOI:10.2458/azu_jrm_v55i4_halstead
475°C Embrittlement of Chromized Coatings On Low Carbon Steel

It was observed that chromized coatings on low carbon steel could be embrittled by cooling slowly through the 475°C range. A higher chromium coating was more susceptible to embrittlement than a lower chromium coating. Coating structure and composition could be correlated with the chromizing process and prior carbon content of the steel.
A mechanism for facilitating temporal reasoning in discrete event simulation

This research establishes the feasibility and potential utility of a software mechanism which employs artificial intelligence techniques to enhance the capabilities of standard discrete event simulators. As background, current methods of integrating artificial intelligence with simulation and relevant research are briefly reviewed. The premise of this research is that there are some real world situations which are difficult to model accurately using standard modeling methods and simulation languages. These situations can be generally represented by sequences of events called timelines. Three timelines are introduced which provide the modeler with the ability to recognize such situations and select the appropriate model behavior in response. Parallels are drawn between the timeline representation of temporal relationships and the if-then rules of an expert system which lead to the development of the Discrete Event List Inference Mechanism, DELIM. DELIM works similarly to an expert system by matching timeline representations expressed as rules to the actual events contained in the event list of a simulation. It is invoked from a simulator and returns a message to indicate whether a sequence of events represented in a rule has been found on the event list. Any action resulting from the message is taken by the simulator, which retains control over the event list and all event processing. The design and implementation of DELIM and an object oriented discrete event simulation system into which DELIM is incorporated are described in detail. The use of DELIM is demonstrated in three models selected to exemplify the situations represented by the timelines. Implementations of each model using standard discrete event simulation methods are compared to implementations of each model with DELIM incorporated into the simulator. The evaluation of DELIM's performance shows that, in addition to functioning correctly, DELIM contributes to the validity and ease of development of the models. It is concluded that DELIM expands the capability of standard discrete event simulation without increasing model complexity.
Chemical warfare: a forgotten lesson

A memoir written in the 1960s has perpetuated the myth that Iwo Jima could have been captured without U.S. casualties “if only we had used gas.” That myth contributes to the misplaced faith in chemical weapons.
Measuring Interface State Distributions in Ultra-Thin Mos Capacitors with Direct Tunnel Current Leakage

Using a leakage-compensated charge (LCCV) technique to obtain static capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves, we extend the standard high-low C-V method for determining the interface state level density, Dit as a function of energy in the silicon band gap to metal-oxide-silicon capacitors in the direct tunneling regime (oxide thickness ∼<3.5 nm). The LCCV technique yields true static C-V curves for oxides at least as thin as 2.8 nm, where the tunnel leakage current is so high that the usual quasistatic C-V measurement is not possible. As applications of this method, Dit is compared for fresh oxides of different tunnel thickness, and Dit is measured before and after constant voltage stress of a 3.5-nm oxide. The stress results indicate, as in other work on thicker oxides, that interface traps are created during the stress, with peak densities both below and above midgap. This approach is expected to be useful for evaluating both ultra-thin oxides and leaky alternate gate dielectrics.
Serotonylation and Transamidation of Other Monoamines.

Although serotonin was discovered over 65 years ago, it has been only within the past decade that serotonin was found to be involved in a covalent post-translational modification to proteins. The enzyme transglutaminase catalyzes the transamidation of serotonin to a protein-bound glutamine residue; the amino group of serotonin is covalently bound to the gamma carboxamide of glutamine. The term serotonylation is used to describe this transamidation reaction to serotonin. Not only can serotonin be a substrate for transamidation to proteins but also other monoamine neurotransmitters are substrates including histamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline. The term monoaminylation has been coined to describe the transamidation of monoamines to protein substrates. Small G proteins have emerged as the most common substrate for monoaminylation and are activated by this post-translational modification. Fibronectin and cytoskeletal proteins are also substrates for monoaminylation. Serotonylation and monoaminylation are inv...
Enhanced second harmonic generation by photonic-plasmonic Fano-type coupling in nanoplasmonic arrays.

In this communication, we systematically investigate the effects of Fano-type coupling between long-range photonic resonances and localized surface plasmons on the second harmonic generation from periodic arrays of Au nanoparticles arranged in monomer and dimer geometries. Specifically, by scanning the wavelength of an ultrafast tunable pump laser over a large range, we measure the second harmonic excitation spectra of these arrays and demonstrate their tunability with particle size and separation. Moreover, through a comparison with linear optical transmission spectra, which feature asymmetric Fano-type lineshapes, we demonstrate that the second harmonic generation is enhanced when coupled photonic–plasmonic resonances of the arrays are excited at the fundamental pump wavelength, thus boosting the intensity of the electromagnetic near-fields. Our experimental results, which are supported by numerical simulations of linear optical transmission and near-field enhancement spectra based on the Finite Differe...
Initial Attitude Differences among Successful, Procrastinating, and "Withdrawn-from-Course" Students in a Personalized System of Statistics Instruction

Techniques of individualized instruction (White, Indelicato, Jerman, & MacPhersen, 1972) and mastery learning (Block, 1971) have apparent promise for mathematics instruction. These techniques offer particular appeal to those instructors responsible for terminal mathematics and statistics courses designed to service students in other academic departments. Particularly appealing are the goals of identifying mathematical objectives in terms of specific behaviors and invoking a requirement of mastery. One individualized technique with a mastery learning component was developed by Professors F. S. Keller and J. G. Sherman and is called Personalized System of Instruction or PSI (Keller, 1968). Two distinguishing features of PSI are the heavy reliance on the immediacy of feedback (reinforcement) and the use of peer-level tutors, called proctors, as the feedback agents. Under PSI the students are directed through a sequence of units with well-defined objectives. The sequential process is guided by unit tests that must be passed at a level of defined mastery (usually "perfect" score). Immediately after a student completes a unit test a proctor evaluates the test with the student. The purpose of the evaluation is to determine
Rabies Exposure Cases at Vaccination Clinic of Science City CDC,2009-2011

Objective To explore the rabies prevention measures based on analysis of the epidemiological factors at vaccination clinic of Science City from 2009 to 2011.Methods According to monitoring data,analysis were conducted concerning following variables: gender,age,treatment time,exposure degree,vaccinating,rabies immune globulin(RIG) on the person with grade Ⅲ exposure and situations of wounding animals.Results A total of 327 rabies exposure cases were treated from 2009 to 2011.Patients wounded by dogs accounted for 86.5%,95.4% of which took treatment after the exposure within 24 h.Proportion of dogs never taking vaccination reached 16.51% and those vaccinated accounted only for 39.45%;the proportion of those with unclear vaccination history was as high as 44.04%.The grade Ⅲ exposure cases were 119,accounted for 36.39%,among which only 21.85% vaccinated both the rabies vaccine and RIG.Conclusion Rabies vaccination rate is relatively high among people in Science City;while vaccination rate of RIG rate stays low.Prevention knowledge propagandizing as well as dog management need to be intensified.
Determination of 13 kinds of poisonous and harmful compounds in the air of workplace by GC-MS

Objective:A method for the determination of 13 kinds of poisonous and harmful compounds in the air of workplace by GC-MS.Methods: Samples are collected with activated charcoal tubes,and which were desorbed with carbon disulfide.The analysis was performed by GC-MS and SIM,and quantified by external standard method.The 13 kinds of compounds including benzene,methylbenzene,p-xylene,m-xylene,o-xylene,ethylbenzene,methyl acetate,ethyl acetate,propyl acetate,butyl acetate,pentyl acetate,acetone,butanone by CBP-20 capillary column.Results: The 13 kinds of compounds were linear with correlation coefficients at 0.999,the RSD was 2.4%～4.6% and the limit of determination was 0.17 mg/m3～0.39 mg/m3.Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate,practical and suitable for determination of benzene and its compounds.
STUDY ON TAXES AND FEES OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN CHINA

The mineral resources as the vital safeguard of our country economy development is favorable for society,economy and environment based on its sustainable development.This paper,analyzes the present problems in the sustainable development of mineral resources,such as irrational taxation system on mineral resources,amphibolous compensation fees,unfavorable preferential taxation policy for the sustainable development of mineral resources,and presents some relevant approaches.
Thumb and finger reconstruction by toe-to-hand transfer.

SUMMARY Toe transplantation provides a means of restoring a thumb or finger in a single microsurgical procedure with tissues anatomically similar to those lost or absent. Although formidable, these toe transplantation procedures can be accomplished by experienced teams of microsurgeons with a high rate of success.
Extracorporeal Circulation for Renal Cell Carcinoma with Supradiaphragmatic Vena Caval Thrombi

AbstractExtension of tumor into the vena cava occurs in 5 to 10 per cent of the cases of renal cell carcinomas. Of these cases 14 to 39 per cent may extend to or into the right atrium. Acceptable techniques for dealing with this situation include cross-clamping the atrium, using positive pressure ventilation and extracting the thrombus with a Fogarty or Foley catheter, and extracorporeal circulation or a cardiopulmonary bypass with open excision of the tumor extension.Since 1974 we have seen 2 men and 2 women, mean age 56 years, with clear cell renal carcinomas and supradiaphragmatic vena caval tumor extension (1 with additional pulmonary embolism). None had other evidence of metastatic disease determined on staging evaluation by celiac and renal angiography, liver scan, bone scan and chest tomography. Each patient was explored with the planned use of extracorporeal circulation or cardiopulmonary bypass, Greenfield vena caval filter insertion and standard radical nephrectomy.Resection was not done in 1 pa...
Survivorship Distributions in Experimental Spear Points: Implications for Tool Design and Assemblage Formation

How long points last is a performance attribute just as important as how well they fly and how deeply they penetrate targets. I analyze longevity data in a set of experimental North American Paleoindian Folsom spear-point replicas described by Hunzicker (Plains Anthropologist, 53:291–311, 2008) and previously analyzed for other purposes by Shott et al. (Lithic Technol, 32:203–217, 2007). My goal is to demonstrate the value, descriptively and analytically, of the evidence of longevity encoded in spear points and to consider how they can be estimated in archaeological assemblages. This is possible even though, unlike in experimental data, it cannot be observed or measured directly. At least dimly, results point the way toward the ability to estimate how long tools were used before they failed, how to estimate the distribution of this quantity for populations of points, and how to analyze such distributions.
Electronic And Paper Document Retention And Auditors’ Responsibilities

The issue of the destruction of documents raises many ethical and legal problems for the auditing profession. Such an issue needs to be examined more closely to explore its ethical and legal implications, and to address the more technical issue of how to retrieve the destroyed electronic documents. The purpose of this research paper is twofold. The first is to examine the auditors’ ethical responsibilities regarding the retention of the electronic and paper documents related to an audit engagement, using the Enron case as a practical case for analysis. The second is to discuss methods of retrieving different types of destroyed electronic documents.
Research Collaborations in Multidisciplinary Institutions: a Case Study of iSchools

Although closely related, multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity are different. The former indicates the co-existence of multiple disciplines while the latter is more about the integration among various areas. As collaboration between researchers from different areas is one of the major approaches for interdisciplinarity, this research investigated whether higher levels of multidisciplinarity in academic institutions are related to more collaborations, especially more interdisciplinary collaborations, among its faculty members. Using U.S. iSchools as a case study, we applied social network analysis and text mining techniques to faculty members' educational background and publication data, and proposed metrics for multidisciplinarity and collaboration interdisciplinarity. Our analysis results revealed that the multidisciplinarity of an iSchool is actually negatively correlated with the frequency and interdisciplinarity of research collaborations among its faculty members. This finding suggests that having a multidisciplinary environment alone is not sufficient to promote collaborations, nor interdisciplinary collaborations.
Auditory fatigue model applications to predict noise induced hearing loss in human and chinchilla

Abstract Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains a severe health problem worldwide. Current noise metrics and models have assessment limitations on gradually developing NIHL (GDNIHL). In this study, we apply a complex velocity level (CVL) auditory fatigue model to quantitatively assess the impact of basilar membrane (BM) movement on GDNIHL. The transfer functions of chinchilla and human auditory systems, including the triple-path nonlinear (TRNL) filters to simulate the inner ear responses, are applied to obtain BM velocity distribution. Chinchilla and human experimental hearing loss data are used to validate the proposed CVL model’s effectiveness. The results reveal that the developed CVL model demonstrates high correlations with both chinchilla and human hearing loss data. The linear regression based correlation study indicates the proposed CVL model may accurately predict NIHL in both human and chinchilla.
Functions of the RNA Editing Enzyme ADAR1 and Their Relevance to Human Diseases

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Among the three types of mammalian ADARs, ADAR1 has long been recognized as an essential enzyme for normal development. The interferon-inducible ADAR1p150 is involved in immune responses to both exogenous and endogenous triggers, whereas the functions of the constitutively expressed ADAR1p110 are variable. Recent findings that ADAR1 is involved in the recognition of self versus non-self dsRNA provide potential explanations for its links to hematopoiesis, type I interferonopathies, and viral infections. Editing in both coding and noncoding sequences results in diseases ranging from cancers to neurological abnormalities. Furthermore, editing of noncoding sequences, like microRNAs, can regulate protein expression, while editing of Alu sequences can affect translational efficiency and editing of proximal sequences. Novel identifications of long noncoding RNA and retrotransposons as editing targets further expand the effects of A-to-I editing. Besides editing, ADAR1 also interacts with other dsRNA-binding proteins in editing-independent manners. Elucidating the disease-specific patterns of editing and/or ADAR1 expression may be useful in making diagnoses and prognoses. In this review, we relate the mechanisms of ADAR1′s actions to its pathological implications, and suggest possible mechanisms for the unexplained associations between ADAR1 and human diseases.
A 360 Degree View of Roles and Responsibilities Concerning Diminished Capacity: Financial Advisers' Obligations to Clients, Lawyers Representing Clients, and Lawyers Preparing Their Practices

Cognitive decline or impairment is a problem that will undoubtedly arise in some aspect of a securities arbitration lawyer's practice. It may become an issue when reviewing how a financial adviser interacted with a client, when personally dealing with a client who has a potential claim, or in a lawyer's own practice. Understanding the obligations of all parties involved in this area better prepares lawyers to deal with the various issues associated with aging that will affect them and their clients.
On Universal Words for Automorphism Groups of Linear Orders

A word w(x, y) in the free group F(x, y) of rank 2 is universal for a group G if for every g ∈ G, there exist x, y ∈ G such that w(x, y) = g. In [1], it was shown that if G is the automorphism group of a 2-homogeneous linear order, then every word w(x, y) is universal for G. But the result was shown to be false if G is the automorphism group of ℤ × ℚ or ℤ × ℝ, both under antilexicographic ordering. In these two cases, if w is a universal word, then w is not a power. But the converse of this result for the two cases does not hold for the automorphism group of ℤ × ℝ as shown also in [1]. The question remained however if the converse holds for A(ℤ × ℚ), the automorphism group of ℤ × ℚ. This paper shows that it does: every word that is not a power is universal for A(ℤ × ℚ). Several works have been done on solving equations in groups, among which are [2], [3], [4] and [5].
Price-Searcher Markets

This chapter and the next two examine price-searching firms. Such firms inhabit one of the three types of industries: simple monopoly (one firm constitutes the industry), monopolistic competition (many firms inhabit an industry for which each firm’s product differs slightly from those of other firms), and oligopoly (a few firms inhabit an industry, and the firms’ products may be either identical or similar). This chapter addresses the first two cases.
Time-Resolved, Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography Using Cartesian Methods

Ever since the introduction of contrast-enhanced MR angiography in the mid-1990s, there has been steady improvement in the technique. Early investigations identified a number of performance targets, including the desirability for high-spatial-resolution 3D imaging, need to synchronize the acquisition to the arterial phase of the contrast bolus passage, and desirability for minimal enhancement of the venous system. To a great extent, these were addressed with the development of short repetition time (TR) gradient echo pulse sequences, nonreal-time and real-time means for determination of accurate timing, and development of centric view orders which allowed extended acquisition times into the venous phase.