cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive scratch noise filtering

An adaptive method for suppressing scratch (impulsive) noise from audio signals is proposed. The algorithm has been developed primarily for the restoration of old phonograph records, but it can also be used for other applications as well. Impulses are suppressed by selectively applying variable length median filtering to contaminated signal regions only, thus minimizing distortion of clean passages and loss of high musical frequencies. The median window length is adaptively adjusted depending on the number of samples in each contaminated signal region. For off-line processing, the algorithm is simple enough to be implemented on a personal computer equipped with an inexpensive sound board. Experiments with old recordings produced restored signals of dramatically improved sound quality. The restored audio signal can be played through the sound board and stored onto an analog recording media such as high-quality cassette tapes. >
Feminist Mentoring and Female Graduate Student Success: Challenging Gender Inequality in Higher Education

There has been much research on gender inequality in higher education and the benefits of mentoring. However, since mentoring has been a predominantly male experience, most research with female students focuses on advising relationships. For women, there is a significant difference between experiences of advising and mentoring with problematic effects for them. Attrition rates are high for both men and women but the causes of female attrition are unique and possibly related to their mentoring experiences. Mentoring remains largely an informal activity in most graduate departments, and due to the patriarchal nature of graduate education, it has been a predominantly male experience (Lovitts 2001). In this paper, I provide an overview of the different types of advising/mentoring relationships for women in doctoral programs and the benefits of these for them. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications for graduate departments, suggestions for future research, and a call for developing and implementing feminist models of mentoring for all graduate students.
Management of infected vascular grafts

Infections of vascular grafts are associated with significant mortality and morbidity risk and cost an estimated $640 million annually in the United States. Clinical presentation varies by time elapsed from implantation and by surgical site. A thorough history and physical examination in conjunction with a variety of imaging modalities is often essential to diagnosis. For infected aortic grafts, there are several options for treatment, including graft excision with extra-anatomic bypass, in situ reconstruction, or reconstruction with the neo-aortoiliac system. The management of infected endovascular aortic grafts is similar. For infected peripheral bypasses, graft preservation techniques can be utilized, but in cases where it is not possible, graft removal and revascularization through uninfected tissue planes is necessary. Infected dialysis access can be surgically treated by complete or subtotal graft excision. Diagnosis, general management, and surgical approaches to infected vascular grafts are discussed in this review.
Cellular Mechanisms of Ciliary Length Control

Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved, membrane-bound, microtubule-based organelles on the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play important roles in coordinating a variety of signaling pathways during growth, development, cell mobility, and tissue homeostasis. Defects in ciliary structure or function are associated with multiple human disorders called ciliopathies. These diseases affect diverse tissues, including, but not limited to the eyes, kidneys, brain, and lungs. Many processes must be coordinated simultaneously in order to initiate ciliogenesis. These include cell cycle, vesicular trafficking, and axonemal extension. Centrioles play a central role in both cell cycle progression and ciliogenesis, making the transition between basal bodies and mitotic spindle organizers integral to both processes. The maturation of centrioles involves a functional shift from cell division toward cilium nucleation which takes place concurrently with its migration and fusion to the plasma membrane. Several proteinaceous structures of the distal appendages in mother centrioles are required for this docking process. Ciliary assembly and maintenance requires a precise balance between two indispensable processes; so called assembly and disassembly. The interplay between them determines the length of the resulting cilia. These processes require a highly conserved transport system to provide the necessary substances at the tips of the cilia and to recycle ciliary turnover products to the base using a based microtubule intraflagellar transport (IFT) system. In this review; we discuss the stages of ciliogenesis as well as mechanisms controlling the lengths of assembled cilia.
Duodenal perforation from a pen.

A 25-year-old woman, who was a longterm resident of a neighboring psychiatric hospital because of schizophrenia, presented to our institution following the ingestion of a foreign body. She had a history of multiple foreign body ingestions and had required 19 esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) over the previous 18 months. In compliance with the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines, not all foreign body ingestions necessitated endoscopic retrieval. Foreign bodies not requiring removal include AA batteries, coins, belt buckles, zippers, and door hinges, among others, while other sharp-pointed objects and those >6cm in length require endoscopic intervention [1]. The patient’s current presentation to hospital followed the ingestion of two ballpoint-pen refills 24 hours previously. The positions of the pen refills were confirmed with an abdominal radiograph (●" Fig.1). Given the length of the foreign bodies, an EGDwas arranged. The first object was removed from the stomach with a snare through an overtube. The second object, however, was found to have penetrated deeply through the wall of the duodenal sweep (●" Fig.2). Removal of the second pen refill was accomplished by gently pulling it out of the perforated duodenum using a rat-toothed forceps, followed by carefully withdrawing it back into the stomach. A hemostatic clip was successfully placed over the site of the duodenal perforation, and the pen refill was subsequently removed through the overtube (●" Fig.3). After the endoscopy, a computed tomography (CT) scan was obtained to check for free air or a fluid collection, neither of which was present (●" Fig.4). The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 1 week, and had no adverse effects.
Control of time-delayed LPV systems using delayed feedback

Abstract In this paper, the delayed (memory) feedback synthesis problem for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems with parameter-varying time delays is introduced and addressed. It is assumed that the state-space data and the time-delay depend continuously on the parameters which are measurable in real-time and vary in a compact set with bounded variation rates. Synthesis conditions for stabilization and L2 norm performance using delayed state feedback and delayed output feedback are formulated in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) that can be solved efficiently. It is shown that time-delayed feedback control provides advantages in terms of reduced conservatism, improved performance and ease of controller implementation. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed delayed feedback configuration compared with that of the memoryless feedback schemes.
Addiction potentialities of 1,1-diphenyl-1-(beta-dimethylaminopropyl)-butanone-2-hydrochloride (amidone) in the monkey.

SummaryIt may be stated that chronic administration of amidone in the monkey does not lead to a condition of physical dependence on this drug such as is noted with morphine. Tolerance to this drug does not develop, but on the contrary an increased susceptibility to its depressant effect occurs. Crossed tolerance from amidone to morphine does not occur but chronically morphinized monkeys do exhibit some crossed1 tolerance to amidone. The later is only minimal and not comparable in degree to that which occurs from one morphine derivative to another. Amidone produces an acute depression which is maximum in 90 minutes and is of 4 to S hours' duration in this animal. The lethal dose in the monkey lies between 10 and 20 mg/kg and death occurs from respiratory failure.
Medical Care for Injection-Drug Users with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Injection-drug use has become an important risk factor for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIV infection has become well established among drug users in North America, Europe, South America, and Southeast Asia1–3. In the United States, approximately 34 percent of all the cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in adults have occurred either in injection-drug users or in their sexual contacts. The proportion of the AIDS epidemic that is related to injection-drug use has increased steadily over the past decade,2,3 and it is particularly high among women and ethnic minorities3. In addition, . . .
Influence of angiotensinogen gene silencing on differentiation of preadipocytes 3T3-L1

Objective To construct the angiotensinogen(AGT)-targeting RNA interfering plasmids,and to explore the effect of AGT gene on the differentiation of preadipocytes 3T3-L1 in the mice.Methods The small hairpin RNA(AGT-shRNA)interference plasmids,with a scrambled Non-shRNA as control,were constructed on the basis of the activity of U6promoter-driven expression vector psiRNA-U6.1/Neo and transfected into the mouse preadipocytes 3T3-L1.Two cell lines were generated from stable transfections.RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE were performed to monitor the mRNA and protein expressions of AGT gene,respectively.The effect of adipose AGT on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 was investigated through microscopic observation and profiling of adipocyte differentiation markers.Results Both AGT-shRNA and Non-shRNA interference vectors were successfully constructed;the expression of AGT mRNA was inhibited(P0.05)and the expression of AGT protein was43.86% of control.Both adipocyte differentiation markers,intracytoplasmic lipid levels and glycerol-3-phophate dehydrogenase(GPDH)activities were increased during the differentiation of preadipocytes 3T3-L1,but the data were lower than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion AGT gene silencing can significantly inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes 3T3-L1,which demonstrates that there is important relationship between adipocyte metabolism and renin-angiotensin system(RAS)in adipose tissue.
DXH-13.2/5 Intrinsically Safe Type Portable Power Supply

According to demands of Shendong mining area of Shenhua Group,DXH13.2/5 intrinsically safe type power supply was designed and technical indexes,structure composition and selection design were introduced in details.The actual application showed that the power supply can provide 5 V intrinsically safe power supply for portable passive instruments of coal mine underground and has features of large capacity,small volume and high safety.
Recurrent testis cancer: seeding from retroperitoneal nodes after complete remissions by chemotherapy.

AbstractRoutine retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is generally not required after a complete remission is achieved by chemotherapy in initially disseminated nonseminomatous testis cancer. However, in patients with multiple relapses retroperitoneal lymph node dissection should be considered even if the retroperitoneum is unremarkable by radiographic staging. We report on a patient with initial stage III disease in whom a complete clinical response to chemotherapy was achieved multiple times but there was repeatedly re-seeding of the lungs from an undetected focus of nodal cancer later proved by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Controversies in management as well as potential mechanisms of drug resistance are discussed.
Cardioprotection with sildenafil, a selective inhibitor of cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase 5.

The effects of sildenafil (Viagra R ), a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5, on ischemic myocardium was examined using an isolated rat heart model. Rats were pretreated with sildenafil at doses ranging from 0.001 mg to 0.5 mg/kg body weight. After 60 min, isolated hearts were subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The results demonstrated that at 0.05 mg/kg (and to some extent at 0.01 mg/kg), sildenafil provided significant cardioprotection as evidenced by improved ventricular recovery, a reduced incidence of ventricular fibrillation and decreased myocardial infarction. At higher doses, it caused a significant increase in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation while at very low doses it had no effect on cardiac function. As expected, sildenafil increased cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) content in the heart. The results demonstrate for the first time that within a narrow dose range, sildenafil can protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury, probably through a cGMP-signaling pathway.
Genetic models of affective disorder: application to twin data.

Twin data on bipolar and unipolar affective disorders are analyzed by multiple threshold models of inheritance. The two illness types are represented in the models on a continuum of genetic–environmental liability in which bipolar illness has a higher liability threshold than unipolar disorder. Autosomal single major locus model provides an acceptable fit to observed concordance rates in monozygotic twins. The multifactorial-polygenic model is rejected.
The Female Vampire in Popular Culture

The vampire has had a chequered history that mirrors attitudes towards women over time. Presented as outside acceptable femininity—single, independent, homosexual, and eschewing biological reproduction—female vampires reflect the unending fear of the powerful woman. As a result, vampiras in mainstream visual culture have typically been formed from the simple template of the Whore or Temptress.
Comments Submitted to the U.S. Copyright Office Regarding Pre-1972 Sound Recordings

The U.S. Copyright Office solicited comments regarding the possibility of extending federal copyright protection to sound recordings fixed before February 15, 1972. Such recordings may have some state or common law copyright protection, but most are in the public domain. These comments outline some of the complications in lawmaking that often result from extending protection to works that were previously available to the public without copyright protection. Lessons are derived from such examples as the creation of new protection for architectural works and the restoration of foreign works.
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are, respectively, the number one and number two causes of infectious deaths worldwide. The relationship between these two microorganisms is unique, due to the synergistic ability of each disease to reactivate and accelerate the progression of the other. Through discussion of their general pathophysiology and the specific role of the human cellular immune response, four mechanisms will be delineated to further elaborate this challenging phenomenon.
Is there a problem with quantum models of psychological measurements

This article presents the results of an experiment, called the ABA experiment, designed to test a fundamental prediction of quantum probability theory when applied to human judgments and decisions. The prediction concerns the effect of one measurement on another when the measurements are incompatible (i.e., the answers to the measurements depend on the order of these measurements). After an initial measurement of an opinion on an issue, A, the answer to a second measurement on the same issue A immediately afterwards will certainly be the same as the first. However, according to the uncertainty principle, if a measurement of opinion on issue A is followed by an incompatible measurement on another issue, B, then the answer to a second measurement on issue A will become uncertain. This prediction was tested with 325 participants on a wide range of 12 different set of issues that were previously shown to be incompatible. Contrary to previous claims published in this journal, the empirical findings support the prediction of quantum probability theory applied to human judgments.
Accelerating Syntax-Guided Invariant Synthesis

We present a fast algorithm for syntax-guided synthesis of inductive invariants which combines enumerative learning with inductive-subset extraction, leverages counterexamples-to-induction and interpolation-based bounded proofs. It is a variant of a recently proposed probabilistic method, called FreqHorn, which is however less dependent on heuristics than its predecessor. We present an evaluation of the new algorithm on a large set of benchmarks and show that it exhibits a more predictable behavior than its predecessor, and it is competitive to the state-of-the-art invariant synthesizers based on Property Directed Reachability.
Verifying that web pages have accessible layout

Usability and accessibility guidelines aim to make graphical user interfaces accessible to all users, by, say, requiring that text is sufficiently large, interactive controls are visible, and heading size corresponds to importance. These guidelines must hold on the infinitely many possible renderings of a web page generated by differing screen sizes, fonts, and other user preferences. Today, these guidelines are tested by manual inspection of a few renderings, because 1) the guidelines are not expressed in a formal language, 2) the semantics of browser rendering are not well understood, and 3) no tools exist to check all possible renderings of a web page. VizAssert solves these problems. First, it introduces visual logic to precisely specify accessibility properties. Second, it formalizes a large fragment of the browser rendering algorithm using novel finitization reductions. Third, it provides a sound, automated tool for verifying assertions in visual logic. We encoded 14 assertions drawn from best-practice accessibility and mobile-usability guidelines in visual logic. VizAssert checked them on on 62 professionally designed web pages. It found 64 distinct errors in the web pages, while reporting only 13 false positive warnings.
The role of proline in osmoregulation in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.

A variety of strategies have evolved for the regulation of the internal osmotic strength of organisms, but the details of these osmoregulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In bacteria, internal osmolarity is maintained mainly by the accumulation of amino acids (3,10,16) and inorganic ions (4,9), such that it exceeds the osmolarity of the growth medium. A discovery made a quarter of a century ago by J. H. B. Christian suggested that proline has a special role in osmoregulation: in media of inhibitory osmolarity the growth and respiration rates of Salmonella orianenburg were stimulated specifically by the addition of proline (5,6). Using this observation as motivation, we have selected proline overproducing mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and found that some, as a result, have acquired an increased growth rate in media of inhibitory osmolarity (8; L. Csonka, manuscript in preparation). We found that in these proline over-producing mutants, the intracellular proline levels were regulated such that they increased with increasing osmotic stress. Here, we present experimental results which suggest that in the over-producing mutants, and in wild type strain, the proline permeases play an important role during osmotic stress for the regulation of the intracellular proline levels.
Walter Kohn: My Ideal of a “Man of Science”

It was a hot summer in Paris in 1974. My small dusty room in the pension at rue Madame was suffocating at night time and the two spinsters were distributing only rancid bread for breakfast but I was living a special moment of my life which I would always remember. Walter Kohn was visiting CE-CAM for a month and I had the privilege to work under his guidance. I will never forget that morning when Carl Moser entered my office followed by his grunting dogs, sat awkwardly on the chair of my officemate and announced with that strident voice of his “Wanda ... Walter is coming”. Finally it made sense for me to have left Rome, my family and my colleagues (who were also my friends) at the University, to come and land in that funny place devoid of books and scientific magazines, where people were coming and going often not even talking to each other, where the only useful collaborator was an IBM computer. I knew Walter Kohn only from solid state physics textbooks and from some of his articles which I kept aside as precious things. I was working on a code that would calculate Wannier functions using his recently published method. Magically one summer day that famous name had materialized: Walter Kohn had come indeed. I had not wasted time figuring out how he would look like but still my encounter with him was a surprise. Walter was a kind person, as too few scientists are. In contrast with many of his much less famous colleagues, he did not make you feel like a nobody.
'I Do, I Do, I Do': Why the Constitution Should Protect Religious Polygamists

The practice of polygamy, or plural marriage, is illegal in every one of the United States. Nevertheless, those who practice polygamy based on religious belief may be entitled to a religious exception to otherwise applicable laws outlawing polygamy, due to the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court has essentially relegated the right of Free Exercise to second-tier status, but has done so without support from the text or history of the Constitution. Restoring the right of Free Exercise to its proper place leads to the conclusion that the right protects those who practice polygamy for religious purposes. State action can legitimately reach otherwise criminal behavior within polygamous communities, but the practice of polygamy, itself, is beyond the reach of government, insofar as the motivation for the practice is based in religious belief.
Flexing the Frame: TMT Framing and the Adoption of Non-Incremental Innovations in Incumbent Firms

Why do incumbent firms frequently reject non-incremental innovations? Beyond technical, structural, or economic factors, we propose an additional factor: the degree of the top management team’s (TMT) frame flexibility, i.e., their capability to perceptually expand an innovation’s categorical boundaries and to cast the innovation as emotionally-resonant with the organization’s identity, competencies, and competitive boundaries. We argue that forces of inertia generally constrict how TMTs perceive innovations, but that frame flexibility can overcome these constraints, increasing the likelihood of adoption and broadening the organization’s innovation practices. We advance a theoretical model that relaxes the assumption that cognitive frames are static, showing how they become flexible via categorical positioning, and introduce a role for emotional frames that appeal to organizational sentiments and aspirations in innovation adoption.
Infectious bronchitis virus envelope protein targeting: implications for virus assembly.

Coronaviruses acquire their membrane envelope by budding into the lumen of Golgi and pre-Golgi compartments. After budding, virions are thought to move in vesicles through the secretory pathway, and exit the cell when these vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane (Holmes et al., 1981, Tooze et al., 1987). The specific compartment into which coronaviruses bud is the cis-Golgi network (CGN), also known as the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment (Krijnse Locker et al., 1994). Just as enveloped viruses that bud from the plasma membrane must direct the accumulation of their envelope proteins at the cell surface, coronaviruses must localize their envelope proteins to the membranes of the CGN.
Radiographic Predictors of Medial Collateral Ligament Injury and Stability of the Elbow

It has been postulated that injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow is rare in cases of elbow fracture-dislocation, and if the MCL is torn, it does not require surgical repair. Elbow fracture-dislocations with MCL insufficiency are associated with recurrent instability, secondary surgery, and the development of posttraumatic arthritis. With the current study, our aim was to investigate whether evidence of an MCL attachment-site fracture on a radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan is predictive of MCL insufficiency, the need for MCL repair, and postoperative instability. Methods This retrospective study included 219 patients (median age of 50 years; 53% female) with elbow fracture-dislocations treated at 2 Level-I trauma centers during the period of 2005 to 2016. Patients were followed for a median of 6.3 years to determine postoperative stability. Operative notes and radiology reports were reviewed to confirm MCL insufficiency and periarticular fractures. Radiographs and CT scans were analyzed by a musculoskeletal fellowship-trained emergency radiologist and a board-certified upper-extremity orthopaedic surgeon. Results Of the 33 patients with confirmed fractures at an MCL attachment site, 26 (79%) had MCL insufficiency, whereas of the 186 patients without fracture at an MCL attachment site, only 17 (9%) had MCL insufficiency. Of the 6 patients with an attachment-site fracture and MCL insufficiency who did not undergo initial MCL repair, 5 required reoperation. Of the 7 patients without an attachment-site fracture and with MCL insufficiency who did not undergo initial MCL repair, only 1 required reoperation. Conclusions Fractures involving an MCL attachment site, regardless of their size, help to predict MCL insufficiency. These fractures can be visualized using initial radiographs and CT scans that are routinely obtained. Additional research is required to assess these findings. Our findings further suggest that repairing an MCL-complex injury in cases of fracture-dislocation in which the fracture has occurred at an MCL attachment site may improve elbow stability and decrease the likelihood of requiring reoperation. Level of evidence Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Deep Learning Model Performance between Meta-Dataset Training Versus Deep Neural Ensembles

Recently, many high-resolution remote sensing imagery (HR-RSI) datasets have been released that have diverse characteristics, such as high inter-class and low intra-class variation. Additionally, a benchmark meta-dataset (MDS) was created by agglomerating object classes from multiple HR-RSI datasets. Previous work has shown that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) trained on the MDS perform on par with DCNN trained on constituent benchmark datasets in cross-validation experiments. Here we train a model ensemble on four datasets and compare it with a single robust DCNN trained on the MDS. The goal is to better understand under what conditions an ensemble of models, each trained with distinct datasets, is advantaged or disadvantaged compared to a single model trained with the agglomerated MDS for classification performance.
Improving the controllability of partial fuel stratification at low boost levels by applying a double late injection strategy

This experimental study has two objectives. The first objective is to investigate the combustion performance of partial fuel stratification on a high compression ratio, light-duty diesel engine at ...
Information Storage and Retrieval

Overview. Document and Query Forms. Query Structures. The Matching Process. Text Analysis. User Profiles and Their Use. Multiple Reference Point Systems. Retrieval Effectiveness Measures. Effectiveness Improvement Techniques. Alternative Retrieval Techniques. Output Presentation. Document Access. The Ectosystem and Policy Issues. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
Psychosocial Correlates of Posttraumatic Growth among U.S. Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Given the prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between posttraumatic growth (PTG) among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and their psychosocial characteristics, specifically: distress tolerance; resilience; family connectedness; depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms; and COVID-19-related worry. The study utilized data from 805 U.S. young adults (18-30 years) who completed online surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic across two waves (April-August 2020 and September 2020-March 2021). Overall, young adults reported low PTG scores. PTSD symptoms and COVID-19-related worry significantly predicted higher levels of PTG, while their depression symptoms predicted lower levels of PTG. Resilience and family connectedness significantly predicted higher levels of PTG, and distress tolerance significantly predicted lower levels of PTG after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and negative influential factors. Compared to Whites, Asians were less likely to report PTG. In general, young adults have not perceived personal growth from the pandemic; however, young adults with certain psychosocial factors appear to be predisposed to such PTG. This study highlights the importance of exploring and elucidating the potential positive trajectories following the adversity of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Atrial flutter. II. Methods of treatment.

Abstract 1. 1. Results of therapy are summarized in 28 episodes of transient (less than 72 hours' duration) atrial flutter in 24 patients and in 55 episodes of established (more than 72 hours' duration) atrial flutter in 48 patients. 2. 2. Digitalis is the drug of choice in the management of atrial flutter in patients with serious organic heart disease or cardiac decompensation, or where there is a specific contraindication to quinidine. It usually acts by instituting atrial fibrillation, which reverts to sinus rhythm on its withdrawal, particularly if quinidine is then given. Even in the refractory cases, or when permanent atrial fibrillation is established, the slow ventricular rate maintained by digitalis provides for adequate cardiac function. Digitalis may also convert the atrial flutter directly to sinus rhythm, but in some of these cases a temporary period of atrial fibrillation may be missed. 3. 3. With the exception of increased rapidity of digitalization, the pure crystalline oral and intravenous digitalis glycosides showed little advantage over digitalis leaf in this series. However, these preparations were outstanding in certain individual cases and deserve further study. 4. 4. Oral quinidine sulfate alone proved effective in restoring sinus rhythm in selected patients without cardiac decompensation and without grave organic heart disease, particularly if the atrial flutter was of short duration. It has the disadvantage of being a myocardial depressant and on rare occasions initiates 1:1 conduction with the hazards of a rapid ventricular rate. 5. 5. In unusually refractory cases, when previous attempts have been unsuccessful in influencing the circurhythmia, intravenous quinidine lactate or gluconate may be justified in the attempt to institute sinoatrial rhythm, but only with frequent blood pressure determinations and under constant, direct electrocardiographic control. 6. 6. Combinations of quinidine and digitalis concurrently were less effective than either alone or in sequence, but they appear desirable whenever atrial flutter occurs in acute myocardial infarction with cardiac decompensation, and when 1:1 rhythm has once developed with quinidine alone. 7. 7. Maintenance doses of quinidine, potassium, or possibly Cedilanid are variously dependable after reversion in preventing recurrences. 8. 8. Prognosis, in general, depends upon the underlying myocardial condition. It is particularly poor whenever atrial flutter complicates myocardial infarction and when atrial flutter is an episode in terminal states.
Bacteriophage T4 head morphogenesis: On the nature of gene 49-defective heads and their role as intermediates☆☆☆

Abstract Following infection under non-permissive conditions, T4 mutants defective in gene 49 accumulate structures which appear in the electron microscope to be empty phage heads. These structures are seen in extracts prepared under a variety of conditions, as well as in sections of the mutant-infected cells. The 49-defective heads (300 s) can be separated from phage particles (1000 s) by sedimentation through a sucrose gradient. A temperature-sensitive gene 49 mutant, ts C9, accumulates 300 s heads following infection at 41.5 °C, but can be “rescued” by a shift-down to 25 °C during the latter half of the latent period. Evidence from pulse-chase isotopic labeling experiments suggests that the 49-defective heads are intermediates in head formation. 14 C-Labeled lysine, incorporated into the 300 s fraction at 41.5 °C, is rapidly and almost quantitatively transferred into the 1000 s phage particle fraction following a chase with an excess of unlabeled lysine and a shift to low temperature. The same result is observed when puromycin (200 μg/ml.) or chloramphenicol (200 μg/ml.) is added to the culture before temperature shift, suggesting that the inactive gene 49 product produced at high temperature becomes active at low temperature. In pulse-chase experiments carried out with wild-type T4-infected cells during the latter half of the latent period, the labeling kinetics of the 300 s and phage particle fractions support a precursor-product relationship. Conservation of the 300 s head structures during conversion to phage is demonstrated by 13 C- 15 N density labeling of ts C9-infected cells at 41.5 °C followed by transfer to 12 C- 14 N medium, shift to low temperature, isolation and lysis of the phage particles formed and centrifugation of the phage ghosts to equilibrium in CsCl solution. The 300 s heads made before temperature shift in ts C9 infection incorporate some DNA labeled with [ 3 H]thymidine after temperature shift, suggesting that gene 49-defective heads are not completely filled with DNA in the infected cell. They are probably partially filled, however, since [ 3 H]thymidine labeling and density analysis show that the isolated 300 s component contains 12 to 32% of the normal complement of DNA in a DNase-resistant form.
The Public Financing of America's Largest Cities: An Autopsy of City Financial Records in the Wake of the Great Recession

This paper employs Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports of the 35 largest population American cities from 2005 to 2011 to examine how these cities managed the Great Recession, which was a global macroeconomic shock particularly damaging to the housing sector. While broader surveys of local government suggest that the Great Recession has been associated with substantive revenue declines, particularly via the property tax, the CAFR data indicates that large cities remained relatively stable in revenue by using higher property taxes to compensate for other revenue declines. Furthermore, these cities were able to rely on their net assets to engage in deficit spending. These findings indicate that cities are relying on traditional strengths of local governments, but are also able to engage in the deficit spending that is typically characteristic of national governments. It also seems to be the case that grants for capital projects were largely transferred into highly liquid and spendable assets.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY FOR THYMINE USING A MUTANT OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS

Doctor, V. M. (University of Texas, Houston). Microbiological assay for thymine using a mutant of Streptococcus faecalis. J. Bacteriol. 84:17–22. 1962.—A rapid microbiological assay procedure for the determination of thymine was devised. The test organism, Streptococcus faecalis Akt, a mutant of S. faecalis ATCC 8043, gives one-half the maximal growth response to 1.6 μg of thymine (assay range 0.5 to 2.5 μg) or to a molar equivalent (3.2 μg) of thymidine. Under these experimental conditions, 80 μg of 5-methylcytosine or 150 μg of thymidylic acid replace the thymine or thymidine requirement of the test organism. Addition of a mixture of adenine, guanine, and xanthine at a level of 40 μg/ml of each or higher to the basal medium, or addition of a mixture of deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine at a level of 80 μg/ml of each or higher to the basal medium, inhibited the thymine or thymidine growth response of the organism. Thymine activities of rat and chick tissues were determined by this procedure. The data on the recovery of added thymine to tissues gave 84 to 103% recovery. Thymus, spleen, small intestine, and ventral prostate were higher in thymine activities as compared with other tissues.
Separation of proteins by gradient solvent extraction of a protein precipitate.

Abstract A mixture of bovine serum albumin and human hemoglobin is used to show the applicability of the gradient extraction method for the fractionation of proteins. The mixture is precipitated with ammonium sulfate and serially extracted with ammonium sulfate solution continuously diluted with water. The method has also revealed a reduction in the solubility of α-lactalbumin that had been dried from the frozen state and stored at 25 °. Equipment for accomplishing the continuous dilution is described as well as calculations of the concentrations to be expected.
Life style counseling for a reluctant leisure class

“We find that most women have time, energy, and knowledge beyond what is needed for their essential responsibilities.”
Recurring and Unresolved Problems in Sustainable Design

Much progress has been made in sustainable design over the past 20 years since the first publications on design for the environment started to appear in the mechanical engineering literature. Engineering design methods now attempt to include environmental considerations and Life-Cycle Analysis is a commonly used approach nowadays. Nevertheless, some fundamental problems seem to be recurring and remain unresolved. More so, some of these problems can have significant effects on the efficacy of design methods. Without consideration or even acknowledgement of these problems, proposed sustainable design methods may not bring us closer to sustainability at all. In this paper, we highlight a few of these recurring problems. Although true sustainable design should also include social and financial considerations, we will focus primarily on the environmental issues in this paper.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Spatial decision analysis of geothermal resource sites in the Qualibou Caldera, Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles

Over several decades, the Saint Lucian Government and several international organizations have assessed the geothermal resource within the Qualibou Caldera, Saint Lucia. Over that period of time, nine exploratory wells were drilled to find an ideal location for a geothermal electric plant; to date, a suitable location has not been discovered. Herein, a spatial subjective probabilistic decision analysis has been developed and applied to historic and contemporaneous datasets to identify a new set of exploratory locations. This simple decision methodology might, for example, benefit applied geoscientists as well as nations seeking a modicum of independence from foreign consultation.
Weight-for-height indices as measures of adiposity in children.

Abstract This study examines the weight-for-height index q = w h λ where the parameter λ is chosen to maximize the correlation of q with triceps skinfold thickness, and thus provide an indirect measure of adiposity. Using a sample of 1668 children ages 5–12 years, we estimate λ by an iterative procedure in each age/sex category. We find that λ does not vary simply across the age/sex categories, and that the correlation of q and skinfold thickness is never more than marginally greater than that of the Quetelet index w h 2 . We indicate that almost identical properties will be evidenced by the more general two-parameter index w α h β Our conclusion is that there is no weight-for-height index generally useful as an indirect measure of adiposity in children.
Saving reuse from the noose: reuse of analogous specifications through human involvement in reuse process

Abstract Analogy is proposed as an alternative paradigm for the reuse of specifications during requirements analysis. First, critical determinants of analogies between software engineering problems are discussed in relation to a specification retrieval mechanism. Second, the process of specification reuse is examined. Specification reuse by analogy is knowledge-intensive, hence an important role is proposed for the analyst during specification reuse: analyst involvement would appear necessary to categorize a new problem, select between candidate reusable specifications, and customize the selected specification to the new domain. Finally, a specification reuse tool is proposed that recognises the collaborative nature of reuse by analogy. This tool assists and advises the analyst during reuse founded on cognitive models of analyst behaviour during analogous reasoning and reuse. The prototype version of this intelligent reuse advisor (Ira) is outlined.
Synthesis of Mixed Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters from Thiol Mixtures: Variation in the Tail Group, Chain Length, and Solvent

We present a systematic study on the synthesis of mixed monolayer-protected clusters (MMPCs) from mixtures of alkanethiols. Our results show that solvation-driven thermodynamic preferential adsorption of precursor ligands governs monolayer composition of MMPCs. In the mixed system HO(CH2)nSH/ CH3(CH2)mSH (n = m or n ≠ m) in toluene, adsorption of the polar component is largely favored because of the poorer solvation of polar tail groups in toluene compared to tetrahydrofuran (THF). When MMPCs are generated from the mixed system HO(CH2)nSH/CH3(CH2)mSH (n = m) in THF, the tail group effect is much less. The MMPC synthesis in THF solutions containing HO(CH2)nSH/CH3(CH2)mSH (n ≠ m) shows large thermodynamic control, which promotes a preferential adsorption of the thiols with a longer alkyl chain onto the surface of clusters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV−vis spectroscopy data suggest that the average core dimension of MPCs generated from alkanethiols in THF is slightly smaller than that of MPC...
A reconsideration of the sipunculan taxa Fisherana Stephen, Mitosiphon Fisher and Apionsoma Sluiter

The sipunculan taxon Fisherana Stephen, erected as a genus, is critically examined. Type material of three of the four originally assigned species is reviewed and Golfingia wasini is shown to be a junior synonym of G. lobostoma. Golfingia savalovi is reduced to a junior synonym of G. capitata. The subgenus Mitosiphon Fisher is considered in light of the recent discovery of the tentacular arrangement of G. murinae and G. misakiana. the tentacles do not surround the mouth but lie dorsal to it as in Phascolosoma. Following an analysis of hook and papilla morphology, including scanning electron microscopy, Fisherana and Mitosiphon are combined into one subgenus of Golfingia and the senior available name is applied: Apionsoma Sluiter, Keys to the species in this subgenus and to the subgenera of Golfingia are included.
A digital-signal-processor based controller for a switching converter

The design and evaluation of a digital-signal-processor (DSP)based controller for a switching converter are presented. A Texas Instruments TMS320C30 floating point DSP was used as the controller for a Cuk converter. The external flag pin, XF1, is driven to logic high or low to generate the pulse-width-modulated (PWM) signal. Timer 1 is used to generate the switching period. The on-time or duty-cycle of the PWM signal is determined by the value stored in the repeat counter. A comparison routine decreases the duty cycle proportionally when the output voltage is greater than the reference voltage and increases it when it is less. In this way, a proportional control scheme is implemented. A finite-impulse-response digital low-pass filter is used to condition the noise-polluted sampled voltage before comparing it to the reference voltage. The filter eliminates false switching of the switching transistor, reducing component stresses in the switching converter. The performance data confirm that a DSP can be used...
Ontogenetic Dimorphism in Lithoglyptes (Cirripedia, Acrothoracica) 1)

Lithoglyptes spinatus Tomlinson & Newman, 1960, a d'abord ete decrit de la region caraibe. Sa decouverte ulterieure dans des localites indo-pacifiques largement separees a conduit a reprendre la question de sa synonymie possible avec L. ampulla Aurivillius, 1892, auquel, il avait ete compare a l'origine. Il a ete conclu que les deux especes etaient synonymes, et, par ailleurs qu'elles etaient aussi synonymes de L. bicornis Aurivillius, 1892, les caracteres morphologiques utilises pour distinguer cette derniere relevant d'un polymorphisme ontogenetique. Les modes possibles de dispersion de ces organismes dont les larves ne s'alimentent pas et sont de mediocres nageuses, sont trop hypothetiques pour expliquer la biogeographie de l'espece.
The Construct Validity of Acceptance: A Multitrait-Multimethod Investigation

Despite increasing clinical and empirical attention, the construct validity of acceptance has not been extensively investigated. The present study utilized a multitrait-multimethod design and a correlated trait-correlated method minus one [CT-C(M-1)] confirmatory factor analytic model to assess acceptance's convergent validity across methods and discriminant validity in comparison to cognitive reappraisal and perceived emotional control in a sample of 210 outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. In addition, the study evaluated acceptance's concurrent validity by investigating the extent to which it was associated with variables of clinical interest over and above the two rival constructs. Results of confirmatory factor analyses supported acceptance's convergent and discriminant validity in comparison to the two neighboring constructs, and thereby provided partial support for its construct validity. However, contrary to prediction, acceptance was not significantly associated with concurrent validation measures. These results are discussed in the context of acceptance's potential therapeutic utility and functional relationships with associated constructs.
Homelessness during pregnancy: a unique, time-dependent risk factor of birth outcomes.

Evaluate homelessness during pregnancy as a unique, time-dependent risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. 9,995 mothers of children <48 months old surveyed at emergency departments and primary care clinics in five US cities. Mothers were classified as either homeless during pregnancy with the index child, homeless only after the index child’s birth, or consistently housed. Outcomes included birth weight as a continuous variable, as well as categorical outcomes of low birth weight (LBW; <2,500 g) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks). Multiple logistic regression and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed, comparing prenatal and postnatal homelessness with the referent group of consistently housed mothers, controlling for maternal demographic characteristics, smoking, and child age at interview. Prenatal homelessness was associated with higher adjusted odds of LBW (AOR 1.43, 95 % CI 1.14, 1.80, p < 0.01) and preterm delivery (AOR 1.24, 95 % CI 0.98, 1.56, p = 0.08), and a 53 g lower adjusted mean birth weight (p = 0.08). Postnatal homelessness was not associated with these outcomes. Prenatal homelessness is an independent risk factor for LBW, rather than merely a marker of adverse maternal and social characteristics associated with homelessness. Targeted interventions to provide housing and health care to homeless women during pregnancy may result in improved birth outcomes.