cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demographic Patterns and Harvest Vulnerability of Chronic Wasting Disease Infected White-Tailed Deer in Wisconsin

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal disease of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) caused by transmissible protease-resistant prions. Since the discovery of CWD in southern Wisconsin in 2001, more than 20,000 deer have been removed from a >2,500-km2 disease eradication zone surrounding the three initial cases. Nearly all deer removed were tested for CWD infection and sex, age, and harvest location were recorded. Our analysis used data from a 310-km2 core study area where disease prevalence was higher than surrounding areas. We found no difference in harvest rates between CWD infected and noninfected deer. Our results show that the probability of infection increased with age and that adult males were more likely to be infected than adult females. Six fawns tested positive for CWD, five fawns from the core study area, including the youngest (5 months) free-ranging cervid to test positive. The increase in male prevalence with age is nearly twice the increase found in females. We concluded that CWD is not randomly distributed among deer and that differential transmission among sex and age classes is likely driving the observed patterns in disease prevalence. We discuss alternative hypotheses for CWD transmission and spread and, in addition, discuss several possible nonlinear relationships between prevalence and age. Understanding CWD transmission in free-ranging cervid populations will be essential to the development of strategies to manage this disease in areas where CWD is found, as well as for surveillance strategies in areas where CWD threatens to spread.
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First: A Routing Protocol Based on the Link-State Algorithm

This chapter analyzes the performance of the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. Link-state routing is one of the major class of intradomain routing protocol. The basic idea behind link-state protocols is very simple that states every node knows how to reach its directly connected neighbors, and if the totality of this knowledge is disseminated to every node, then every node can have enough knowledge of the network to build a complete map of the network. Once a given node has a complete map for the topology of the network, it is able to decide the best route to each destination. OSPF introduces another layer of hierarchy into routing by allowing a domain to be partitioned into areas. This means that a router within a domain does not necessarily need to know how to reach every network within that domain, and it can be sufficient for it to know how to get to the right area. Thus, there is a reduction in the amount of information that must be transmitted to and stored in each node.
Family history and its relationship with dementia stigma beliefs among Chinese Americans.

Aim It is known that Chinese Americans associate dementia with stigma and “loss of face.” However, further research is required to provide a more complete picture of the extent and nature of stigma in Chinese Americans with family histories of dementia (FHD). The present study examined whether FHD are associated with quantitative measures of stigma in Chinese Americans. Methods A total of 300 Chinese Americans in two health seminars answered a 15-item, true/false questionnaire to assess their beliefs toward dementia. Two groups were dichotomized and compared based on FHD. Results Both groups subscribed to moderately stigmatizing views about dementia. Our findings showed that the group with FHD was more likely to disclose having relatives with dementia. However, this group was also more likely to perceive patients with dementia to be incapable of feeling other people's worries or concerns at once. Conclusions Strategies to decrease stigma toward dementia are required. Cultural interventions must also extend into the Chinese American general public to reduce stigma of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
Evaluation of the One Touch Glucose Meter for Use by a Phlebotomy Team

In late 1986, we initiated a hospital reflectance meter glucose program with the Phlebotomy Service performing the determinations. In 1988, it became necessary to replace the original meters, and an evaluation of the Lifescan One Touch Meter was undertaken. Twelve One Touch meters were used during the course of the evaluation. The One Touch reagent strips incorporate the well-established glucose oxidase/peroxidase chemistry. Precision studies on a single meter (within-day and day-to-day) were performed using manufacturer’s controls and heparinized whole blood when appropriate. Precision was acceptable, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 1.1% to 4.7% (within-run) and 2.8% to 4.6% (day-to-day). Recovery studies using a single meter demonstrated acceptable recoveries (94% to 106%) within the range of 72 to 397 mg/dL (4.0 to 21.8 mmoll L) of glucose. Correlation studies of the One Touch meters (x) with the Beckman Astra-8 (y) gave correlation coefficients of 0.979 (n=267) and 0.966 (n=198) in two separate studies (six meters and twelve meters). Linear- regression equations were, respectively, y=0.947×+2.7 mg/dL (n=267) andy=0.88×+14.4 mg/dL (n=198). In both split-sample comparison studies (n=267) and blind-sample comparison studies (n=279) with the clinical laboratory, 7.5% and 7.2% (respectively) of data pairs greater than 100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L) showed differences greater than 15% between the One Touch meters and laboratory method. In the majority of the cases, the One Touch meter underestimated rather than overestimated the glucose value.
Tailoring Ultrasound-Induced Growth of Perylene Diimide Nanowire Crystals from Solution by Modification with Poly(3-hexyl thiophene)

Tailoring nanocrystalline morphologies of organic semiconductors holds importance for organic electronics due to the influence of crystal characteristics on optoelectronic properties. Soluble additives that control crystal growth are commonly found in a variety of contexts such as biomineralization, pharmaceutical processing, and food science, while the use of ultrasound to modify crystal nucleation and growth has been routinely employed in producing crystals of food ingredients, biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, and inorganic materials. However, both methods have been applied to the growth of organic semiconductor crystals only in limited fashion. Here, we combine these two approaches to show that colloidally stable nanowire suspensions of a n-type small molecule, perylene diimide (PDI), can be prepared with well-controlled structures by sonocrystallization in the presence of a p-type polymer, poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT), as a soluble additive. By preferentially adsorbing on lateral crystal faces, P3HT d...
TCTAP C-181 Hematemesis - A Rare Complication of Acute Aortic Dissection, Treated by Aortic Stent Graft

### Patient initials or identifier number 19481013Du ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam A 67 year old man admitted to our hospital due to chest pain. When he came to the CICU, suddenly he got severe hematemesis and his blood pressure drop below 90 mmHg. His EKG show non-
Current Rural Public Recreation Supply in China:Problems and Causes

Urban-rural coordination development strategy means a new stage of rural public goods supply development.At the same time,rural recreation supply is increasing.However,the total supply growth does not lead to improvement of supply structure and efficiency.This paper evaluates rural recreation supply structure and efficiency based on data from Song County in Henan Province.The results show that there are serious problems in supply structure and supply efficiency.The main reason of the supply structure problem is derived from the "top to bottom" supply system while that of the supply efficiency problem is resulted from the poor relationships between farmers and cadres and the characteristics of farmers.
Safety and efficacy of treatment of children and adolescents with elevated low density lipoprotein levels with a step two diet or with lovastatin.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The risk factor precursors of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are expressed in children and adolescents and development of coronary atherosclerosis in adulthood. Certain pediatric subjects have inherited disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), familial combined hyperlipidemia, hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, and the metabolic syndrome, which often lead to more marked elevations in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, placing them at increased risk of premature ASCVD. The aim of this report was to examine available data on the safety and efficacy of treatment of children and adolescents with elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). DATA SYNTHESIS: Treatment of adolescents with elevated LDL-C levels of 130 mg/dL, randomized to an intervention group receiving a stricter Step Two diet, produced a significantly greater fall in LDL-C than those randomized to the usual care group after three years of follow-up in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences between the intervention and usual care groups in growth and development after either 3 or 7 years of follow-up. In the Lovastatin in Adolescent Males Study (LAMS), 132 boys aged 10 to 17 years with heterozygous FH were randomized into a placebo group or a group receiving up to 40 mg/day of lovastatin. The treatment group had up to a 27% reduction in LDL-C, compared with the placebo group and there were no differences in growth, sexual maturation, hormone or biochemical levels. Longer-term studies are required to assess further the safety of such treatments, and whether treatment will delay the early expression of atherosclerosis such as intima media thickness and endothelial dysfunction.
Hydrogen Sulfide Induced Carbon Dioxide Activation by Metal‐Free Dual Catalysis

The role of metal free dual catalysis in the hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-induced activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and subsequent decomposition of resulting monothiolcarbonic acid in the gas phase has been explored. The results suggest that substituted amines and monocarboxylic type organic or inorganic acids via dual activation mechanisms promote both activation and decomposition reactions, implying that the judicious selection of a dual catalyst is crucial to the efficient C-S bond formation via CO2 activation. Considering that our results also suggest a new mechanism for the formation of carbonyl sulfide from CO2 and H2S, these new insights may help in better understanding the coupling between the carbon and sulfur cycles in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus.
Association and Regulation of Protein Factors of Field Effect in Prostate Tissues

Field effect or field cancerization denotes the presence of molecular aberrations in structurally intact cells residing in histologically normal tissues adjacent to solid tumors. Currently, the etiology of prostate field-effect formation is unknown and there is a prominent lack of knowledge of the underlying cellular and molecular pathways. We have previously identified an upregulated expression of several protein factors representative of prostate field effect, i.e., early growth response-1 (EGR-1), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in tissues at a distance of 1 cm from the visible margin of intracapsule prostate adenocarcinomas. We have hypothesized that the transcription factor EGR-1 could be a key regulator of prostate field-effect formation by controlling the expression of PDGF-A, MIC-1, and FASN. Taking advantage of our extensive quantitative immunofluorescence data specific for EGR-1, PDGF-A, MIC-1, and FASN generated in disease-free, tumor-adjacent, and cancerous human prostate tissues, we chose comprehensive correlation as our major approach to test this hypothesis. Despite the static nature and sample heterogeneity of association studies, we show here that sophisticated data generation, such as by spectral image acquisition, linear unmixing, and digital quantitative imaging, can provide meaningful indications of molecular regulations in a physiologically relevant in situ environment. Our data suggest that EGR-1 acts as a key regulator of prostate field effect through induction of pro-proliferative (PDGF-A and FASN), and suppression of pro-apoptotic (MIC-1) factors. These findings were corroborated by computational promoter analyses and cell transfection experiments in non-cancerous prostate epithelial cells with ectopically induced and suppressed EGR-1 expression. Among several clinical applications, a detailed knowledge of pathways of field effect may lead to the development of targeted intervention strategies preventing progression from pre-malignancy to cancer.
Curricular choice and technical—non-technical balance in computer science and engineering degree programs

Many undergraduate engineering programs offer minimal course choice opportunities and constrain students in their ability to realize a broad and balanced education. This study delineates the course choice opportunities (i.e. free electives, technical electives, etc.) and balance of required technical and non-technical coursework in 62 computer science and computer engineering programs spanning 35 U.S. News & World Report top-ranked engineering colleges. Students in the studied computer science and engineering programs were afforded a median of 3% of their degree program as free electives and choices in 49% of total course selections. Across the same universities, other engineering disciplines provided even less choice (median 1% free electives and 39% total choice); in contrast, chemistry, math, and physics programs allotted a median of 17% free electives and choice in 67% of course selections. The computer science and engineering programs required a median of 74% technical coursework (engineering, math and natural science) and 23% non-technical coursework; students in these programs experience less curricular balance than their natural science and math peers. Flexible and balanced degree programs in computer science and engineering exist and may appeal to a broader sector of students, facilitate in-migration and on-time graduation, and reflect evolving societal needs.
Category Theory and Galois Theory

Galois theory translates questions about fields into questions about groups. The fundamental theorem of Galois theory states that there is a bijection between the intermediate fields of a field extension and the subgroups of the corresponding Galois group. After a basic introduction to category and Galois theory, this project recasts the fundamental theorem of Galois theory using categorical language and illustrates this theorem and the structure it preserves through an example. Acknowledgements: I would like to sincerely thank Professor Thomas Fiore for his continual support, encouragement, and invaluable guidance throughout this entire project. Page 134 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 14, No. 1
Smoke and Mirrors: Barriers to Compassionate-Use of Marijuana in Texas

Last year’s presidential campaign marked one of the most dramatic and unpredictable presidential elections in recent decades. As each party’s campaign became a topic of discussion for families across the country, so did marijuana, with the election marking the first presidential campaign where mainstream candidates openly endorsed ending federal marijuana prohibition. As party candidates battled it out election night — November 8, 2016 — the biggest winner seemed to be marijuana. Nine states voted on marijuana-related measures that night — four related to medical marijuana and five calling for recreational use — eight of them passed. Today, over half of the country has comprehensive medical marijuana laws and one fifth of Americans live somewhere where adults twenty-one and older can legally consume recreational marijuana. The 84th Legislative Session was historic in the movement to regulate marijuana in Texas, with five bills proposed to reduce penalties for possession of marijuana and four additional bills proposed to provide legal access to medical marijuana. Only one bill was signed into law, however, and advocates worry the program may soon prove ineffective. For now, Texans remain among the minority as the largest of nineteen states without legal access to marijuana. In June of 2015, Texas Republican Governor Greg Abbot signed into law the Texas Compassionate-Use Act, allowing for the prescription of low-THC marijuana (“CBD”) to patients with intractable epilepsy. Before signing the bill, Abbot emphasized it would not open the door for broader marijuana legalization, but would “provide healing and hope for children that are afflicted by unrelenting seizures.” Critics, however, warned the bill was “unworkable” as enacted, pointing predominantly to its requirement that doctor’s ‘prescribe’ the CBD treatment its patients, which is federally illegal and unlikely to entice physicians to participate in the program. Since then, administrative rules and proposed amendments to the rules have further complicated the law’s potential. This article identifies the law’s shortcomings and ultimately suggest for Texas legislators reconvene to amend the law’s wording and for rule-makers to revert back to the rules proposed in December of 2015. Part I of this article describes the law’s history and legislative intent. Part II briefly describes the law’s basic structure and purpose. Part III discusses the financial barriers to the laws effectiveness, focusing on unreasonable security standards, market potential, and the burden of passing cost down to critically ill patients. Part IV discusses the criminal barriers to the Act’s effectiveness, focusing on the administrative seed sourcing requirements, the prescription requirement, and the law’s registry program.
Trends in utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: An analysis of the U.S. National Cancer Database.

e15008 Background: Current recommendations for advanced ( > T2) gastric cancer treatment include administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) following a landmark trial in 2006. This study evaluates the rate of use as captured by a large U.S. cancer database and whether use changed after 2006. Methods: The National Cancer Database from 2003-2012 was used to identify patients with a diagnosis of gastric cancer and restricted to those who underwent definitive gastrectomy (SURG), with complete data. The NAC cohort was defined as receipt of chemotherapy within six months prior to SURG. NAC patients were compared to those who underwent SURG only or SURG followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: 16,128 patients were identified: 5,909 (36.7%) underwent NAC; 7,077 (43.9%) underwent SURG only and 3,142 (19.5%) underwent SURG followed by chemotherapy. The utilization of NAC increased annually, from 25.9% in 2003 to 46.3% in 2012, with an increased likelihood for receiving NAC after 2003, Odds Ratio 1.71, p < ...
Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.

Abstract Purpose Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has estrogen agonist effects on bone and lipid metabolism while having neutral or estrogen antagonist effects on the breast and endometrium. The present report describes findings from 3 Phase I clinical studies that evaluated the single-dose pharmacokinetics (study 1; n = 84), multiple-dose pharmacokinetics (study 2; n = 23), and absolute bioavailability (study 3; n = 18) of bazedoxifene. Methods All 3 studies enrolled healthy postmenopausal women who were either naturally postmenopausal or had undergone bilateral oophorectomy at least 6 months before the start of the study. Findings Study 1 showed that unconjugated and total (unconjugated and conjugated) bazedoxifene levels increased proportionally with ascending oral doses of bazedoxifene (through the dose range of 5–120 mg). Evaluation with or without food intake was conducted at the 10-mg dose, with no clinically relevant effect on pharmacokinetic parameters. Study 2 showed that bazedoxifene achieved steady state in 1 week and exhibited linear pharmacokinetics in doses of 5 to 40 mg with no unexpected accumulation over the dose range. In accordance with a linear pharmacokinetic profile, mean maximum plasma concentration values increased with increasing dose, with values of 1.6, 6.2, and 12.5 ng/mL for the 5-, 20-, and 40-mg doses, respectively. In study 3, tablet and capsule formulations of bazedoxifene formulations had an estimated oral bioavailability of ~6%. The clearance of bazedoxifene was 0.4 (0.1) L/h/kg based on intravenous administration. The oral formulations had comparable exposure profiles with respect to AUC and AUC0–t, and the 90% CIs for these values were within the bioequivalence limits of 80% to 125%. Bazedoxifene was safe and well tolerated in all 3 studies. Implications These pharmacokinetic evaluations in healthy postmenopausal women found that bazedoxifene displayed linear pharmacokinetics with doses ranging from 5 to 40 mg, with no unexpected accumulation. Food did not seem to have any clinically relevant impact on pharmacokinetic parameters. Bazedoxifene had an estimated oral bioavailability of ~6% and was safe and well tolerated in the range of doses evaluated.
Nonsurgical Management of an Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Knee in a Women's Soccer Player: A Validation Clinical Case Report.

Background: A collegiate women's soccer player sustained an isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and expressed a desire to continue her season without surgical intervention. Design: Cas...
Acute glomerulonephritis with large confluent IgA-dominant deposits associated with liver cirrhosis.

Background Small glomerular IgA deposits have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, mainly as an incidental finding in autopsy studies. We recently encountered nine cirrhotic patients who presented with acute proliferative glomerulonephritis with unusually large, exuberant glomerular immune complex deposits, in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or monoclonal gammopathy-related kidney disease. Deposits were typically IgA dominant/codominant. Our aim was to further elucidate the etiology, diagnostic pitfalls, and clinical outcomes. Methods We present clinical features and kidney biopsy findings of nine cirrhotic patients with an unusual acute immune complex glomerulonephritis. We also identified native kidney biopsies from all patients with liver cirrhosis at our institution over a 13-year period (January 2004 to December 2016) to evaluate presence of glomerular IgA deposits in them (n = 118). Results Six of nine cirrhotic patients with the large immune deposits had a recent/concurrent acute bacterial infection, prompting a diagnosis of infection-associated glomerulonephritis and treatment with antibiotics. In the remaining three patients, no infection was identified and corticosteroids were initiated. Three of nine patients recovered kidney function (one recovered kidney function after liver transplant); three patients developed chronic kidney disease but remained off dialysis; two patients became dialysis-dependent and one patient developed sepsis and expired shortly after biopsy. Within the total cohort of 118 patients with cirrhosis, 67 others also showed IgA deposits, albeit small; and 42 patients had no IgA deposits. Conclusions These cases provide support to the theory that liver dysfunction may compromise clearance of circulating immune complexes, enabling deposition in the kidney. At least in a subset of cirrhotic patients, a superimposed bacterial infection may serve as a “second-hit” and lead to acute glomerulonephritis with exuberant immune complex deposits. Therefore, a trial of antibiotics is recommended and caution is advised before immunosuppressive treatment is offered. Unfortunately, most of these patients have advanced liver failure; therefore both diagnosis and management remain a challenge.
Evaluation of Soybean Aphid-resistant Soybean Lines

Introduction The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a consistent pest of soybean in Iowa. Current management is heavily reliant on the use of insecticides, which can be expensive and time consuming to apply. Soybean varieties resistant to the aphid are available. These varieties primarily include one resistance gene (Rag1) for soybean aphid control. Varieties incorporating two genes (Rag1 + Rag2) have recently become available. We sought to compare soybean lines susceptible to the soybean aphid with lines carrying a single resistance gene (Rag1 or Rag2) and a line carrying two resistance genes (Rag1 + Rag2). We evaluated the lines based on aphid control and yield protection.
The Traffic Conflict Technique of The United States of America

The traffic conflict technique (TCT) has been practiced in the United States for over 15 years. Traffic conflict observation began on a large scale in 1969 when the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) awarded contracts to three state highway agencies. Teams of observers were employed and the TCT was practiced on a regular basis. Other states also began applying the TCT. The TCT was being utilized to solve operational problems at intersections. There also was the belief that an intersection safety record could be determined without relying on historical accident records. However, because there was a lack of a proven, direct relationship between accidents and conflicts, the United States TCT has received less emphasis from highway administrators and is not being practiced on the large scale that it once was.
Human Evolutionary and Prenatal Development

“We are what we are because of history, both our ancestors’ history and the history of our own lives” (Carlson, 1984, p. 6). This is another way of saying that our phenotype (physical appearance and behavior) is determined jointly by characteristics that we inherit from our ancestors (phylogeny) and from our unique individual histories (ontogeny). We can trace the beginning of each individual’s history to conception, when a single sperm fertilizes an ovum. At that precise moment, the fertilized ovum contains all the genetic information needed to form an adult human being, given extensive environmental influences. This “genetic heritage” represents the accumulation of approximately 3.5 billion of years of evolution by natural selection. This chapter overviews some important phylogenetic developments related to the evolution of the human species (Homo sapiens), including how humans are similar to other mammals and more specifically the primates to whom we are closely related. Then it describes the ontogenetic developmental changes that begin to occur from conception through birth.
Time dependence of hypoxia-specific accumulation of pimonidazole in rodent breast cancers

228 Objectives Imaging tumor hypoxia is an important goal, but defining “hypoxia” is challenging. Pimonidazole is often used as the “gold standard” to mark hypoxia in tissue. We studied the influence of the time interval between pimonidazole administration and sacrifice in rats with mammary cancer and compared the Pimonidazole accumulation to another hypoxia marker, GLUT1 expression. Methods Rat mammary tumors (RMT) were established in the interscapular subcutaneous region of Lewis rats. Pimonidazole (60mg/kg) was injected i.p. 1, 3, 6 or 12 hours before sacrifice of each rat. Hoechst 33342, a perfusion marker, was injected i.v. one minute before sacrifice. Tumors were removed and sections of three different parts of each tumor were made. The accumulation of pimonidazole and Hoechst 33342, and the expression of GLUT1 were evaluated using a confocal microscope. Correlation coefficients among Pimonidazole, GLUT1 and Hoechst33342 were calculated. Results Intratumoral pimonidazole accumulation pattern with 6- and 12-hour uptake intervals were substantially more focal than those seen with shorter uptake intervals where pimonidazole was distributed more diffusely. A negative correlation between pimonidazole accumulation and perfusion was far more evident in the 6-12 hour interval groups (r=-0.303, p Conclusions In rat mammary tumors, pimonidazole showed a considerably different intratumoral accumulation pattern dependent on the time between its administration and the time of sacrifice. Pimonidazole had much higher diffuse background in normoxic areas when assessed in a short uptake interval likely not accurately imaging hypoxia. Our studies illustrate the challenge of defining “hypoxia” in vivo even with a “gold standard” and support more than 6-hour delay from pimonidazole to sacrifice to best define hypoxia in this rat model
Some Algebra of Random Variables

As indicated before, we consider only certain highlights of measure theory in probability spaces. First we clarify the arithmetic of the extended real line \(\bar{R}\): all real numbers and the two ideal points +∞, -∞. The introduction of these ideal points is for the mathematical convenience that every set of real numbers have a sup (least upper bound) and an inf (greatest lower bound); these will be pursued in lesson 7. On the other hand, the probability side, there is the real Galton-Watson process wherein we just might have positive probability that the time to extinction is infinite; the earliest example of this is the computation of the probabilities that the lineage of a certain British peer should die out.
Laboratory considerations for prenatal genetic testing

New genetic tests have rapidly entered clinical care with little consistency in laboratory testing and reporting. Non-invasive prenatal screening using cell free DNA (cfDNA) may either screen for common aneuploidies alone or include chromosomal microdeletions. All cfDNA screening tests have false positives and false negatives, and accordingly laboratories should report positive and negative predictive values. In addition, since fetal fraction plays a significant role in the reliability of results, this should also be reported with all test results. Chromosomal microarray addresses significant clinically relevant information beyond that detected with standard karyotype testing but may, in less than one percent of cases, result in a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Laboratories should indicate their policies for reporting these VUS findings. In addition, physicians using this testing should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the laboratory platforms. Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing are just entering clinical care and issues of VUS, incidental findings, and phenotype/genotype correlations need to be investigated before these techniques enter routine clinical care.
IMMIGRANT FAMILY SEPARATION, FEAR, AND THE U.S. DEPORTATION REGIME

In 2018, President Trump changed a long-standing policy of keeping families who cross the United States border together; instead, he ordered that parents be detained separately from children, drawing a national outcry that led to his administration walking back the practice. Drawing on 50 in-depth interviews with undocumented young adults in the state of Florida, USA, we argue that the practice of family separation through immigration policy is not new. We illustrate how our sample’s undocumented status puts them at risk for family separation under the current ‘deportation regime’ that creates a heightened and all-encompassing fear about the possibility of family separation.
Predicting V[Combining Dot Above]O2max From Treadmill Performance in American-Style Football Athletes.

Crouse, SF, Tolson, H, Lytle, J, Johnson, KA, Martin, SE, Green, JS, Oliver, J, Carbuhn, A, Lambert, B, and Bramhall, JP. Predicting V[Combining Dot Above]O2max from treadmill performance in American-style football athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(4): 1028-1034, 2019-Prediction equations are often used to estimate V[Combining Dot Above]O2max in the general population but are lacking for American-style football (ASF) athletes. We sought to develop a regression model to estimate V[Combining Dot Above]O2max from treadmill exercise time in ASF athletes and compare our football V[Combining Dot Above]O2max model with 2 published prediction equations (Foster et al., 1984, and Bruce, 1973). American-style football athletes (N = 472, age = 18 ± 1 year, height = 186.1 ± 8.2 cm, and body mass = 101.8 ± 20.4 kg) underwent treadmill exercise to voluntary exhaustion (Bruce protocol). Maximal exercise time was recorded in minutes (Tmin), and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max was simultaneously measured (M-V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, mlO2·kg·min) by an automated gas-analysis system. Athletes were then randomly divided into validation and cross-validation groups (n = 236). Linear regression yielded estimates of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max from Tmin as follows: validation V[Combining Dot Above]O2max = 4.012 × Tmin - 4.628 (r = 0.678, p 0.05), all athletes were combined to yield our final prediction equation: football V[Combining Dot Above]O2max = 4.017 × Tmin - 4.644 (r = 0.670, p < 0.001, and SEE = 4.11). Repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.001) in estimates of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max among Foster (44.1 ± 6.1), Bruce (47.1 ± 5.5), and our football (45.1 ± 5.8) equations. Foster and Bruce V[Combining Dot Above]O2max estimates were also significantly different from M-V[Combining Dot Above]O2max ((Equation is included in full-text article.)diff = -0.975 and 1.995, respectively, p < 0.001). V[Combining Dot Above]O2max of ASF athletes can be reasonably estimated by our football prediction equation using maximal treadmill time as the predictor.
Convexity Properties and Bounds for a Class of Linear Autonomous Mechanical Systems

This chapter describes the convexity properties and bounds for a class of linear autonomous mechanical systems. It presents the vibrations and stability of the motion r ( t ) governed by the system of n linear equations ( U− η 1 E 1 – η 2 E 2 ) r + G + = 0. The U, E 1 , and G are real constant n n matrices with U symmetric positive definite and G skew-symmetric, while η 1 and η 2 are independent real parameters. The chapter presents a theorem that states that if a ray emanating from the origin intersects all the characteristic surfaces, then the final surface is convex toward the origin and all tangent planes to the characteristic surfaces intersect this ray between the fundamental and final surfaces. The distance from the origin to the intersection of a ray with one of these tangent planes can be written as a Rayleigh quotient. If the matrices E 1 and E 2 are replaced by their symmetric parts, then the resulting system is called the corresponding conservative system. The chapter presents another theorem that states that the fundamental characteristic surface of the corresponding conservative system provides a lower bound for that of the given system.
Long Segment, Mixed Sensorimotor Nerve Reconstruction with Allograft: A Case Report of High Radial Nerve Injury.

Case A 35-year-old man sustained a Grade I open right mid-diaphyseal humerus fracture and high radial nerve transection from a motor vehicle accident. Acute humeral plate osteosynthesis and radial nerve reconstruction using an intercalary 4-cm processed nerve allograft (PNA) was performed. Five years postoperatively, elbow extension, forearm supination, and wrist extension were 5/5 strength and independent digital extension was 5-/5. Radial nerve sensation recovered to 90% of the uninjured side. Conclusions Use of PNA resulted in outcomes comparable with or superior to autograft reconstruction or secondary tendon transfers and is a reasonable reconstructive option for similar acute, mixed sensorimotor nerve injuries.
Quantitative comparison of experimental and Mohr-Coulomb finite element method simulation flow characteristics from quasi two-dimensional flat-bottomed bins

Abstract Four different flow characteristics obtained from Eulerian finite element method (FEM) simulations using a Mohr-Coulomb material model are quantitatively compared to experiments performed on laboratory-scale concentric and eccentric quasi two-dimensional flat-bottomed bins. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments are performed on Ottawa 20–30 sand discharging through the bins. The experimental steady state velocity profiles, mass discharge rate (MDR), duration of steady MDR (TSS), and free surface profiles are compared to the FEM predictions. The significance of material dilation and associated softening (DS) on FEM flow characteristics is examined through comparisons to simulations without dilation or softening (NDNS). FEM DS simulations using a Mohr-Coulomb material model that includes material dilation and softening are shown to be capable of predicting the four flow characteristics in both discharging bins with reasonable accuracy.
Electrostatically pumped cross-field free electron laser

We report experimental and theoretical studies of a novel type of cross-field microwave generator. The cathode is smooth while the anode is rippled (Fig.1) to produce an azimuthally periodic modulation of the radial electric field (analogous to an electrostatic wiggler). The system is operated in the inverted geometry,1 where electrons are field-emitted from the inside of the smooth outer conductor. The depth of the grooves is adjusted so as to favor FEL interactions and minimize the usual slow-wave (magnetron) interactions.2 Approximate analytic single-particle orbits in the external crossed uniform electric and magnetic fields and the radial electric wiggler field of an idealized planar device are obtained. These orbits provide a basis for uniform and nonuniform kinetic and fluid equilibrium distribution functions. These equilibria in turn provide a basis for linear stability analyses of the device, which yield appropriate dispersion relations. Experimentally, we observe for our parameters (V ∼ 300 kV, I ∼ 1 kA, B ‖ ∼ 5 kG, N = 0,8,12,24 wiggler periods) a high power microwave signal in the Ka-band. Removal of the wiggler (smooth-bore magnetron configuration) results in a reduction of the signal by ∼ 20 dB. These results suggest an emission mechanism analogous to that of the rippled-field magnetron.3
Covalent binding of ethidium azide analogs to Salmonella DNA in vivo: competition by ethidium bromide.

Abstract The photoreactive analogs of ethidium bromide (ethidium mono- and diazide) have been developed as drug probes to determine the actual molecular details of ethidium bromide interactions with DNA. In an effort to demonstrate that the analogs in fact mimic the parent ethidium, competition experiments were designed using 3H thymidine-labeled DNA in intact Salmonella TA1538, which is reverted by the azide analogs. 14C-labeled ethidium azide analogs were used in combination with the non-labeled ethidium bromide. The results presented here demonstrate that the parent ethidium competes with the azide analogs as a DNA intercalating drug using CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation.
Communicating unexpected pharmacogenomic results to biobank contributors: A focus group study.

Abstract Objectives The goals of this study were to explore 1) the impact of returning unexpected pharmacogenomic (PGx) results to biobank contributors, and 2) participant views about improving communication. Methods We conducted a qualitative focus group study with biobank participants (N = 54) who were notified by mail of an individual research result indicating increased risk for adverse events associated with the common cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We employed a framework approach for analysis. Results Our results revealed three themes illustrating participants’ questions and uncertainty, especially regarding how to share results with health providers and family members, and remember them over time. Participants valued results for themselves and others, and for the future of medicine. Risk perception was framed by health identity. “Toxicity narratives,” or familiarity with another’s adverse reaction to chemotherapy, increased the sense of importance participants reported. Conclusion These focus group results highlight research participant remaining questions and high valuation of PGx results, even when unexpected. Practice implications We identify PGx research participants’ needs for clear clinical translation messaging that attends to health identity, pragmatics of sharing information with family members, and patient perceptions of barriers to transferring research results to a clinical context.
Discrete Math with Programming: A Principled Approach

Discrete mathematics is the foundation of computer science. It focuses on concepts and reasoning methods that are studied using math notations. It has long been argued that discrete math is better taught with programming, which takes concepts and computing methods and turns them into executable programs. What has been lacking is a principled approach that supports all central concepts of discrete math -- especially predicate logic -- and that directly and precisely connects math notations with executable programs. This paper introduces such an approach. It is based on the use of a powerful language that extends the Python programming language with proper logic quantification ("for all" and "exists some"), as well as declarative set comprehension (also known as set builder) and aggregation (e.g., sum and product). Math and logical statements can be expressed precisely at a high level and be executed directly on a computer, encouraging declarative programming together with algorithmic programming. We describe the approach, detailed examples, experience in using it, and the lessons learned.
Herrmann, Rachel B., No Useless Mouth: Waging War and Fighting Hunger in the American Revolution

The academic discipline focused on food is a relatively new development, with journals and degree programs emerging primarily within the last two decades. Within this emerging interdisciplinary fie...
COVID-19: reflections on providing dysphagia care in a Boston hospital.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronavirus Disease-19, (COVID-19) has challenged the customary practice of speech language pathologists (SLPs) in the acute care hospital arena, particularly in patients with swallowing disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: In this article, we present themes that emerged from qualitative interviews in which 15 SLPs in a tertiary academic medical center in Boston share their clinical experience caring for over 500 patients with COVID-19: triumphs, concerns, and fears. SUMMARY: The broad themes addressed include adapting to practice laced with fear and uncertainty about safety for themselves and their decision making, coming to terms with disparate and unpredictable clinical presentation, teamwork and collaboration and relationships with their patients despite physical and language barriers.
Racial resentment predicts eugenics support more robustly than genetic attributions

Abstract Recent interest in human genetics has raised concerns about a revival in support for eugenic policies. However, historically, eugenic policies have been closely tied to racism, and the question remains how much support for eugenics is due to beliefs about heritability rather than racial prejudice. Using a survey administered by YouGov to a representative sample of Americans (n = 446) in the fall of 2015, we find that racial resentment is a robust and at times stronger predictor of support for eugenics, particularly negative eugenics (policies discouraging or preventing reproduction), than beliefs about heritability, and that when beliefs about heritability matter, it is mainly in racial domains. These findings offer insight into the connection between racism and eugenics, and how the role of beliefs about heritability may be exaggerated.
The Experimental Music of Hermeto Pascoal and Group, (1981–1993): Conception and Language by Luiz Costa-Lima Neto: (2015). Translated by Laura Coimbra and Stephen Thomson Moore. (Lives in Music Series, No. 13). Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press. 158 pp., $56.00. ISBN 978-1-57647-224-8 (paperback)

Musicologists nowadays are attracted to research on Brazilian music from other perspectives than the conventional approaches of ethnomusicological studies related to regional practices and historic...
Determinants of Usage Variations of Business Intelligence & Analytics in Organizations - An Empirical Analysis.

While Business Intelligence & Analytics (BIA) applications are increasingly being adopted into business, there is a significant variation in using them to empower organizational business functions. There is a paucity of empirical research examining the drivers of extensive usage of BIA in organizations. Drawing on Technological. Organizational.Environmental theoretical framework, we present and test a conceptual model of factors associated with the extent of organizational usage of BIA. We find that sophistication of data.related infrastructure in fi rms drives usage while challenges related to data management hamper the extent of usage. Further, we find that large organizations have a higher propensity to use BIA in business functions while managerial challenges related to integration and talent management prevent extensive usage. Finally, we find that industry competitive intensity influences usage extent. This study highlights the antecedents of usage and can help researchers and practitioners to understand what factors can enable firms to use BIA extensively.
Measuring Health Care Quality in Surgery: Strategies, Limitations, and Currently Available Initiatives

With an increasing focus on surgical quality, measurement systems have been developed to provide comparative feedback of performance to hospitals and individual surgeons. Moreover, many of these programs are being used for public reporting and in pay-for-participation/performance initiatives. These surgical quality measurement programs have evolved considerably over the past few decades, and in this chapter, we discuss some of the key elements of surgical quality measurement. First, critical elements of a quality measurement system are detailed. Second, evolving and controversial topics in measurement are discussed. Finally, currently available surgical quality measurement programs are highlighted. Surgical quality measurement is a rapidly growing field and will be a critical component of every surgeon’s practice in the near future.
Prospect of embedded non-volatile memory in the smart society

Embedded Flash (eFlash) is widely accepted by various applications because of reducing overall costs of system development, production and inventory. Continuous evolution of eFlash such as the split-gate charge-trapping memory has satisfied the most stringent quality requirement for automotive applications. Smart society for offering a better quality of life would diversify NV memory until the establishment of emerging memories. Add-on type eFlash with a few additional masks would replace the stand-alone data flash for adaptive tuning and security over the network. Towards the possible convergence of NV-memory in smart society, emerging memories such as ReRAM and STT-MRAM are progressing. Excellent features of smaller rewrite energy with the extending rewrite cycles could contribute to the outstanding energy saving such as normally-off systems.
Sharp turn-on diode lasers

Ridgeguide lasers were fabricated with saturable absorbing sections. It is shown that the sharp turn-on behavior of these lasers can be successfully modeled using a rate equation approach.