cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carpometacarpal dislocations: Report of five cases and review of the literature

Carpometacarpal dislocations occur in less than 1% of hand injuries. Since 1973, five cases were treated at Henry Ford Hospital. Three of the dislocations were unstable and required internal fixation. Of these dislocations only one needed open reduction. The other two dislocations were successfully treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 13 months. Three patients were asymptomatic, and the other two, both of whose injuries had been treated by internal fixation, reported pain with activity.
The Relationship between Cognitive Style and Defensive Process in the Psychopath

The authors review Yochelson and Samenow's (1977) model of the criminal mind. They propose a levels hypothesis for understanding the relationship among object relations, defensive operations, and t...
Renal Denervation Therapy for Hypertension

An overweight 78-year-old man with hypertension treated with spironolactone (50 mg daily), amlodipine (10 mg daily), lisinopril (40 mg daily), and extended-release metoprolol (200 mg daily), intolerant of multiple antihypertensives including clonidine (dry mouth) and hydralazine (diarrhea), is referred for renal sympathetic denervation (RSDN). He reports dietary and medication compliance. Secondary causes of hypertension have been excluded. Blood pressure (BP) is 184/93 mm Hg. Hypertension remains a major modifiable risk factor associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1 Resistant hypertension is defined as BP≥160/100 mm Hg, despite maximally tolerated doses of ≥3 classes of antihypertensives, including a diuretic, without secondary hypertension (eg, renovascular hypertension, chronic kidney disease, mineralocorticoid excess, or obstructive sleep apnea).2 Recently, the prevalence of resistant hypertension in patients with atherosclerosis was reported to be 12.7%.3 It is associated with a high risk for future adverse cardiovascular events.4 Sympathetic hyperactivity promotes hypertension (Figure 1). In hypertensive rats demonstrating renal sympathetic hyperactivity, renal efferent denervation delays the onset and lessens the severity of hypertension.5 Renal afferent denervation through dorsal rhizotomy mitigates hypertension.6 Following renal transplantation, sympathetic hyperactivity continues until the diseased kidneys are excised; BP improvement typically follows.7 The BP reduction following renal excision provides evidence that detrimental sympathetic signals originate from diseased kidneys.8 Figure 1. Systemic effects of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. Before modern pharmacotherapy, malignant hypertension had a ≈100% mortality at 5 years.9 Radical sympathectomy was used and RSDN was achieved, albeit nonselectively. In an observational study of 1266 patients undergoing sympathectomy in comparison with 467 treated conventionally, improved survival rates and BP control were demonstrated with surgery. …
A NEW ANTELOPE, ZEPHYREDUNCINUS OUNDAGAISUS (REDUNCINI, ARTIODACTYLA, BOVIDAE), FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF THE MIDDLE AWASH, AFAR RIFT, ETHIOPIA

(2006). A new antelope, Zephyreduncinus oundagaisus (Reduncini, Artiodactyla, Bovidae), from the late Miocene of the Middle Awash, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 213-218.
Study of the Halogen Bonding between Pyridine and Perfluoroalkyl Iodide in Solution Phase Using the Combination of FTIR and 19F NMR

Halogen bonding between pyridine and heptafluoro-2-iodopropane (iso-C3F7I)/heptafluoro-1-iodopropane (1-C3F7I) was studied using a combination of FTIR and 19F NMR. The ring breathing vibration of pyridine underwent a blue shift upon the formation of halogen bonds with both iso-C3F7I and 1-C3F7I. The magnitudes of the shifts and the equilibrium constants for the halogen-bonded complex formation were found to depend not only on the structure of the halocarbon, but also on the solvent. The halogen bond also affected the Cα-F (C-F bond on the center carbon) bending and stretching vibrations in iso-C3F7I. These spectroscopic effects show some solvent dependence, but more importantly, they suggest the possibility of intermolecular halogen bonding among iso-C3F7I molecules. The systems were also examined by 19F NMR in various solvents (cyclohexane, hexane, chloroform, acetone, and acetonitrile). NMR dilution experiments support the existence of the intermolecular self-halogen bonding in both iso-C3F7I and 1-C3F7I. The binding constants for the pyridine/perfluoroalkyl iodide halogen bonding complexes formed in various solvents were obtained through NMR titration experiments. Quantum chemical calculations were used to support the FTIR and 19F NMR observations.
A class act: conservation of homeodomain protein functions

Dramatic successes in identifying vertebrate homeobox genes closely related to their insect relatives have led to the recognition of classes within the homeodomain superfamily. To what extent are the homeodomain protein classes dedicated to specific functions during development? Although information on vertebrate gene functions is limited, existing evidence from mice and nematodes clearly supports conservation of function for the Hox genes. Less compelling, but still remarkable, is the conservation of other homeobox gene classes and of regulators of homeotic gene expression and function. It is too soon to say whether the cases of conservation are unique and exceptional, or the beginning of a profoundly unified view of gene regulation in animal development. In any case, new questions are raised by the data: how can the differences between mammals and insects be compatible with conservation of homeobox gene function? Did the evolution of animal form involve a proliferation of new homeodomain proteins, new modes of regulation of existing gene types, or new relationships with target genes, or is evolutionary change largely the province of other classes of genes? In this review, we summarize what is known about conservation of homeobox gene function.
Wavelets for waveform coding of digital symbols

A wavelet-based coder-decoder (codec) structure is defined for baseband waveform coding. Numerical results for bandwidth efficiency are given, and a comparison between several different wavelets is presented. Moreover, it is shown that wavelets obey the Nyquist pulse shaping condition and provide a unified framework for analog pulse shaping concepts of communications.
Efficacy of stiripentol in the intravenous pentylenetetrazol infusion seizure model in the rat

The potential effectiveness of stiripentol, a new allylic alcohol anticonvulsant, against generalized epilepsy of the absence type was evaluated in the intravenous pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) infusion seizure model in the rat. The ability of stiripentol to elevate the threshold dose of PTZ in eliciting clonic seizure (i.e., ratio of the post-drug threshold dose to the baseline threshold dose) was measured. Dose-response studies were performed after acute intraperitoneal injection and subacute oral drug treatment. Concentrations of stiripentol in plasma and whole brain were determined. Significant elevation in PTZ threshold dose was observed at a single 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of stiripentol or at plasma levels exceeding 35 micrograms/ml. Maximal anticonvulsant response (i.e., a dose ratio of 3) was reached with doses at or above 450 mg/kg (or plasma concentration greater than or equal to 120 micrograms/ml), along with the appearance of neurotoxicity. Subacute treatment consisted of 9 consecutive oral doses of stiripentol over a 3 day period, until steady-state plasma stiripentol concentration was attained. Response data were obtained at dosage levels of 150, 400 and 800 mg/kg with respective mean steady-state levels of 33.2 +/- 7.8, 61.4 +/- 20.7, and 116 +/- 14 micrograms/ml. Maximal anticonvulsant effect was not reached even at the highest dose of 800 mg/kg. Correlation of threshold dose ratio with plasma and brain stiripentol concentrations showed an approximate 40% loss in anticonvulsant potency during subacute treatment. However, the animals also became more resistant to drug-induced neurotoxicity; about 40% higher plasma or brain stiripentol concentrations had to be reached for a given degree of neurotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Usefulness of Electroencephalograms in a Survey of Children From the Western Cape of South Africa

There are few dedicated pediatric neurophysiology services in Africa. Optimizing the efficiency of these units is essential for the large populations they serve. Two hundred eighty-seven electroencephalogram (EEG) studies, performed in a sub-Saharan neurophysiology unit, were analyzed for referral sources, appropriateness of referral, reporting consistency, and use in confirming epilepsy or a neurologic process. Pediatric neurologists requested 24% of the electroencephalogram studies and pediatricians 45%. Pediatric neurologists requested more appropriate referrals than pediatricians or nonspecialists. The electroencephalogram studies assisted management in 40% of cases. Electroencephalogram studies for nonepileptic indications, such as syncope, were highly predictable and typically normal. Education and training in the management of children with epilepsy could improve requesting practice and the subsequent usefulness of electroencephalograms in the diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes. This is especially important in the context of a resource-poor country.
The effects of audio-visual and visual-only cues on consumers' responses to co-branded advertising

Co-branded advertising (two brands featured in the same ad) is a relatively new and under-researched area of advertising that offers advertisers the opportunity to share advertising costs and lever...
Optimal generation expansion planning with integration of variable renewables and bulk energy storage systems

The variable nature of wind and solar generation could exploit the economic potential of bulk electric energy storage (EES) systems. This paper presents an optimal planning model, a dc optimal power flow (OPF) based multi-period optimization formulation, and its software implementation. The model co-optimizes the investment in all resources including EES while taking their optimal operation into consideration. Condensed hourly profiles of wind and solar output are applied to preserve their variable nature in terms of production. In this study, a 3-bus test system is constructed to demonstrate and test the sensitivity of the planning model. The relevant economic data are compiled for different types of generators and EES technologies. The potential impact of CO2 emission price, renewable incentive, natural gas price, and energy storage cost to the future grid are demonstrated by employing the proposed optimal planning model.
Keratoprosthesis: The Dohlman-Doane Device

Purpose To determine the usefulness of the Dohlman-Doane type I keratoprosthesis for visual rehabilitation in cases of poor prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. Design A retrospective, noncomparative interventional series of 25 patients who had sustained multiple graft failure or who were otherwise deemed poor candidates for conventional keratoplasty. Methods Candidates were evaluated for potential acuity, intraocular pressure, inflammation, the quality of the ocular surface, and overall prognosis for penetrating keratoplasty. The keratoprosthesis was assembled and mounted on an 8.5- or 9.0-mm diameter donor corneal button and sutured into an 8.0- or 8.5-mm diameter recipient bed with 12 to 16 9–0 nylon sutures. Patients were examined on the first day and subsequently in 1 week and 1 month and then at 3-month intervals. Results All devices were retained without dislocation or extrusion. There were no instances of endophthalmitis or surface infection. Fundus details were visible on the first postoperative day. Patients achieved their best acuity in an average of 2 months (range, 1 to 180 days). Improvement in acuity was observed in an average of 13 days (range, 1 to 60 days). Retroprosthetic membranes occurred in three cases, with multiple recurrences in one instance. Visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/25. Conclusion We conclude that this prosthesis can be implanted routinely and maintained with minimal complications in poor prognosis keratoplasty, which presents the potential for visual rehabilitation.
Being chair: a 12-step program for medical school chairs

For a medical school-based career academician, the Department Chair position is a frequent, if not constant, focus of attention. There is an undeniable mystique about the position, and many academicians may find themselves wondering: “Maybe I could do this? Maybe I should do this? If it were me, I could do this so much better….”In some respects, the Chair is like any other or many other jobs. But the reality is that a medical school Department Chair is a unique position, with distinctive relationships and responsibilities. The scope of the position can be breathtaking, ranging from oversight of medical student training to maintenance of the highest quality patient care. Despite the importance of this position, there has been little attention in the literature to the realities of chairmanships and virtually nothing in terms of practical advice.For eight years I was a medical school Department Chair. When I look back I can only wonder how anybody manages to do the job. My formal preparation was basically nonexistent. There was, of course, on the job training, but there should be a better way.One way to approach a difficult situation requiring a new set of behaviors is a 12-step program. This approach has been widely utilized for alcoholism and drug addiction, but has also been incorporated in programs involving work behavior for psychiatrists and nurse practitioners.1-3 The principal value of 12-step programs relates to their simplicity and practicality.I have summarized my experience as Chair in the form of a 12-step program. I write this in the spirit of pointing out the pitfalls, landmines, and swamps that are going to be out there for all but the most fortunate Chairs. Let me offer some hard-earned and perhaps idiosyncratic advice. You can decide for yourself whether it qualifies as wisdom. This is what I wish someone had told me before starting as Chair.
Multi-rank Capon beamforming

This paper presents a multi-rank extension of the Capon beamformer. By expanding the rank of the beamformer it is possible to fully exploit situations in which signals lie in multi-dimensional subspaces, as opposed to the standard point source case. Such situations are commonly caused by array mismatches and scattered or distributed sources. The extension involves the design of a constraint matrix which can be interpreted in terms of signal power. Three possible choices for the constraint are proposed. These correspond to one non-adaptive choice, one choice that is dependent on the signal covariance structure only, and one choice that is both signal and data adaptive. Simulation examples are presented that show the promise of the idea of multi-rank Capon beamforming. Especially the signal- and data adaptive constraint appears very promising.
Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes

Mig and IP-lO are related members of the cxc subfamily of the chemokine family of cytokines. The murine Mig (MuMig), human IP-lO, and the mouse homologue of IP..1O, Crg-2, were all identified due to the dramatic inductions oftheir genes in monocytic cells treated with interferon-'y (IFN-'y). Studies using recombinant (r) human proteins show that, unlike most other CXC chemokines, rHuMig and rIP-lO have no activity on neutrophils but appear to target lympho- cytes specifically. rHuMig and rIP-lO are active as che- motactic factors for stimulated, but not for resting, T cells. Studies done in vitro and in vivo have shown that rHuMig and rIP-lO share additional activities, in- cluding inhibition of neovascularization, inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and anti-tumor effects. rlluMig and rIP-tO show reciprocal desensitization on activated T cells and have been demonstrated to share a receptor, CXCR3. The genes for both MuMig and Crg-2 are highly expressed in multiple tissues dur- ing experimental viral and protozoan infections in mice, but their patterns of expression differ. This suggests that the Migs and IP-1O/Crg-2 may play roles in host defense and that, despite their similar activities assayed in vitro, Mig and W-1O/Crg-2 may serve non-redundant functions in vivo. J. Leukoc. Biol. 61: 246-257; 1997.
Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Is Associated with Expansion of the Enteric Virome

SUMMARY Pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection is associated with enteropathy, which likely contributes to AIDS progression. To identify candidate etiologies for AIDS enteropathy, we used next-generation sequencing to define the enteric virome during SIV infection in nonhuman primates. Pathogenic, but not nonpathogenic, SIV infection was associated with significant expansion of the enteric virome. We identified at least 32 previously undescribed enteric viruses during pathogenic SIV infection and confirmed their presence by using viral culture and PCR testing. We detected unsuspected mucosal adenovirus infection associated with enteritis as well as parvovirus viremia in animals with advanced AIDS, indicating the pathogenic potential of SIV-associated expansion of the enteric virome. No association between pathogenic SIV infection and the family-level taxonomy of enteric bacteria was detected. Thus, enteric viral infections may contribute to AIDS enteropathy and disease progression. These findings underline the importance of metagenomic analysis of the virome for understanding AIDS
Rhodopsin coexpression in UV photoreceptors of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Differential rhodopsin gene expression within specialized R7 photoreceptor cells divides the retinas of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes into distinct domains. The two species express the rhodopsin orthologs Aaop8 and Agop8, respectively, in a large subset of these R7 photoreceptors that function as ultraviolet receptors. We show here that a divergent subfamily of mosquito rhodopsins, Aaop10 and Agop10, is coexpressed in these R7 photoreceptors. The properties of the A. aegypti Aaop8 and Aaop10 rhodopsins were analyzed by creating transgenic Drosophila expressing these rhodopsins. Electroretinogram recordings, and spectral analysis of head extracts, obtained from the Aaop8 strain confirmed that Aaop8 is an ultraviolet-sensitive rhodopsin. Aaop10 was poorly expressed and capable of eliciting only small and slow light responses in Drosophila photoreceptors, and electroretinogram analysis suggested that it is a long-wavelength rhodopsin with a maximal sensitivity near 500 nm. Thus, coexpression of Aaop10 rhodopsin with Aaop8 rhodopsin has the potential to modify the spectral properties of mosquito ultraviolet receptors. Retention of Op10 rhodopsin family members in the genomes of Drosophila species suggests that this rhodopsin family may play a conserved role in insect vision.
Towards a New Era in Aging and Social Work

Abstract Population aging presents an increasingly global community with one of the greatest social and health policy challenges in the emergent century. Despite this, the social work profession has been slow to demonstrate discernible interest in addressing the needs of growing numbers of older Americans and their families. If social work can embrace the opportunity which aging and other converging forces present, as have a cadre of social work educators, the profession may be able to position itself for leadership in the decades ahead.
Multiple antenna systems for vehicle to vehicle communications

In this paper, the use of multiple antenna systems and their impact on improving the capacity and efficiency of vehicular communication systems are investigated through ray-tracing simulation. A total of 15 transmitters and 15 receivers were spread on the rear, center and front of two vehicles, separated by a definite distance. This multiple antenna system was studied in two different environments. One was in the area of College of Engineering and Mines in the University of North Dakota and other was in the area around Wal-Mart in Grand Forks, ND. The simulation software, Wireless InSite® from Remcom Inc., was utilized. Initially, the response of each receiver with respect to each transmitter was analyzed depending on the received power. Furthermore, adopting the concept of Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO), different combination of transmitters and receivers were used to evaluate the channel capacity of a vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication system in respect to antenna position.
The structure and classification of numerically simulated convective storms in directionally varying wind shears

Abstract Using a three-dimensional numerical cloud model, we investigate the effects of directionally varying wind shear on convective storm structure and evolution over a wide range of shear magnitudes. As with a previous series of experiments using unidirectional wind shear profiles (Weisman and Klemp), the current results evince a spectrum of storm types ranging from short lived single cells at low shears, multicells at intermediate shears, to supercells at high shears. With a clockwise curved hodograph, the supercellular growth is confined to the right flank of the storm system while multicellular growth is favored on the left flank. An analysis of the dynamic structure of the various cells reveals that the quasi-steady supercell updrafts are strongly enhanced by dynamically induced pressure gradients on the right flank of the storm system. We use this feature along with other related storm characteristics (such as updraft rotation) to propose a dynamically based storm classification scheme. Following...
(Re)defining Masculinity through Peer Interactions: Latino Men in Texas Community Colleges

This study uses a phenomenological approach to examine how Latino male students at community colleges engage with their male peers. The analysis utilizes a male gender role conflict (MGRC) framework and employs cultural conceptions of masculinity, specifically machismo and caballerismo. Practitioners and researchers might leverage positive aspects of masculinity associated with caballerismo to help men succeed academically, while promoting reflection on and interrogation of aspects of masculinity that might lead to negative educational outcomes.
Natural Rubber from Russian Dandelion

Abstract A great deal has been published during the past three years regarding the various sources of natural rubber which have been called upon to supplement this nation's stockpile and to meet those special needs for which commercial synthetic rubbers are not entirely satisfactory. We have read of wild rubbers being brought in under great difficulty from Central and South America; of the 32,000 acres of guayule grown by the government, largely in California, and now nearly ready for harvest; and of the large experimental plantings of Cryptostegia in Haiti. Almost nothing, however, has appeared regarding a plant which is known to be potentially rich in high-grade rubber and which has been extensively cultivated outside this country. This is the Russian dandelion, or Taraxacum kok-saghyz. In the course of a systematic investigation instituted in Russia in 1929 to determine the possibilities of producing natural rubber in that country, the kok-saghyz was found near Tien Shan, Kazakstan, near the border of ...
How do people define moderation

Eating in moderation is considered to be sound and practical advice for weight maintenance or prevention of weight gain. However, the concept of moderation is ambiguous, and the effect of moderation messages on consumption has yet to be empirically examined. The present manuscript examines how people define moderate consumption. We expected that people would define moderate consumption in ways that justified their current or desired consumption rather than view moderation as an objective standard. In Studies 1 and 2, moderate consumption was perceived to involve greater quantities of an unhealthy food (chocolate chip cookies, gummy candies) than perceptions of how much one should consume. In Study 3, participants generally perceived themselves to eat in moderation and defined moderate consumption as greater than their personal consumption. Furthermore, definitions of moderate consumption were related to personal consumption behaviors. Results suggest that the endorsement of moderation messages allows for a wide range of interpretations of moderate consumption. Thus, we conclude that moderation messages are unlikely to be effective messages for helping people maintain or lose weight.
Descriptive catalogue of the North American Hepaticae, north of Mexico

The Hepaticae include quite diverse forms of vegetation, judging from the outward habit of the plants composing the group, yet all are more or less intimately related in their essential, that is. their reproductive characters. The lower forms consist of a mere expansion of tissue with no differentiation of stem and leaves. These thalloid forms are quite frequently confused with certain forms of lichens, but can be easily distinguished by the fact that while the lichen is usually rather dry and crustaceous or leathery, the hepatic is more loosely cellular or spongy in texture, and presents a moist or somewhat juicy appearance under pressure. Some of the aquatic forms have also been mistaken for algae. The higher forms of Hepaticae are more moss-like in general appearance, consisting of a stem and leaves usually closely creeping over some substance, which may be the ground itself, rotten wood, living trees, or rocks. These higher forms are sometimes confused with the true mosses (Musci), but can usually be distinguished by having the leaves two-ranked, while the mosses proper have them in several or many ranks. The more technical differences will be made apparent at a later paragraph.
Generation and mechanism of action of a potent inhibitor of factor XIII function.

Although known to play a critical role in thrombosis, the precise role of factor XIII in other processes like wound healing and gestation remains to be elucidated. Because a specific, potent inhibitor could help define the function of factor XIII in these processes, or determine the potential benefits of factor XIII suppression in thrombotic disease, we have derived and characterized a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of factor XIII activation. This immunoinhibitor, 9C11, reacts specifically with both plasma and platelet forms of factor XIII. When added to human plasma, either as whole immunoglobulin or as Fab fragments, 9C11 completely prevented thrombin-activated factor XIII activity with small molecular weight substrates like 14 C-putrescine. In addition, when clotted with plasma. 9C11 ablated the gamma chain crosslinking of fibrin catalyzed by factor XIII and markedly accelerated the fibrinolysis of plasma clots by urokinase. Studies of the mechanism of action showed that 9C11 inhibited the cleavage and activation of factor XIII by thrombin, but did not affect the catalytic function of previously activated factor XIII. Although it inhibited thrombin activation, experiments indicated that it bound comparably to both factor XIII zymogen and the thrombin-cleaved zymogen, and did not bind to the thrombin cleavage site of the molecule. Taken together these experiments indicated that 9C11 acted as an inhibitor of the thrombin cleavage and activation of the factor XIII A-subunit. Its potency and specificity make it a useful agent for studying thrombin-activatable factor XIII function in biological systems.
Optimization of the Molecular Dynamics Method for Simulations of DNA and Ion Transport Through Biological Nanopores

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become a standard method for the rational design and interpretation of experimental studies of DNA translocation through nanopores. The MD method, however, offers a multitude of algorithms, parameters, and other protocol choices that can affect the accuracy of the resulting data as well as computational efficiency. In this chapter, we examine the most popular choices offered by the MD method, seeking an optimal set of parameters that enable the most computationally efficient and accurate simulations of DNA and ion transport through biological nanopores. In particular, we examine the influence of short-range cutoff, integration timestep and force field parameters on the temperature and concentration dependence of bulk ion conductivity, ion pairing, ion solvation energy, DNA structure, DNA-ion interactions, and the ionic current through a nanopore.
Combined liver-kidney transplantation for polycystic liver and kidney disease: analysis from the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of outcomes in combined liver-kidney transplants for polycystic liver and kidney disease. METHODS We queried the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset for combined liver-kidney transplants performed from 1988 to 2013. RESULTS Out of 107 patients who had combined liver-kidney transplants for polycystic liver and kidney disease, 84 were women (78.5%) with a mean age of 54.9 ±7.2 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients undergoing liver-kidney transplantation for polycystic liver and kidney disease had better survival than patients with polycystic liver disease undergoing liver transplant alone and those undergoing liver-kidney transplantation for other indications. This group had a 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of 91%, 90% and 90%, respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that an indication of polycystic liver and kidney disease for combined liver-kidney transplant (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.129-0.526; P < 0.001) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (hazard ratio, 1.271; 95% confidence interval, 1.093-1.477; P = 0.002) are independently associated with patient survival. In a propensity score analysis adjusting for age, gender, cold ischaemia time and total bilirubin and excluding hepatitis C, we found that patients transplanted with combined liver-kidney for other indications have similar survival compared with our study group. CONCLUSIONS Combined liver-kidney transplantation for polycystic liver and kidney disease can achieve good outcomes in selected patients. On Cox regression analysis, patients with polycystic liver and kidney disease undergoing liver-kidney transplantation had better survival compared with patients with combined liver-kidney for other indications. After excluding hepatitis C patients, those transplanted for polycystic liver and kidney disease vs other indications had similar survival after combined liver-kidney transplantation. Interestingly, patients in the combined polycystic liver and kidney disease group have significantly better outcomes than patients with polycystic liver disease undergoing liver transplant alone.
Deposition of Enzymes by Electropolymerization

A significant problem in the large scale application of enzymes and other proteins for the development of microscale biosensors is the difficulty in fabricating uniform and reproducible coatings containing the active protein (Wingard, 1990b). With emphasis on biosensor miniaturization as well as the utilization of many types of biological materials in biosensor design (Rechnitz, 1987), a critical factor in the design is the ability to obtain functionally uniform and reproducible loadings of the protein on the transducer element.
Politics of Desecularization: Law and the Minority Question in Pakistan

The movement away from secularist practices and toward political Islam is a prominent trend across Muslim polities. Yet this shift remains under-theorized. Why do modern Muslim polities adopt policies that explicitly cater to religious sensibilities? How are these encoded in law and with what effects? Sadia Saeed addresses these questions through examining shifts in Pakistan's official state policies toward the rights of religious minorities, in particular the controversial Ahmadiyya community. Looking closely at the 'Ahmadi question', Saeed develops a framework for conceptualizing and explaining modern desecularization processes that emphasizes the critical role of nation-state formation, political majoritarianism, and struggles between 'secularist' and 'religious' ideologues in evolving political and legal fields. The book demonstrates that desecularization entails instituting new understandings of religion through processes and justifications that are quintessentially modern.
Ovarian Metabolism of Xenobiotics

Chemicals that cause loss of ovarian follicles are of toxicological importance because females are born with a finite number of primordial follicles. Premature loss of this follicle pool can accelerate ovarian senescence or menopause in women, ultimately reducing the reproductive life span. Many xenobiotics require metabolism or biotransformation to a chemically reactive intermediate to induce toxicity. This is also true for most ovarian toxicants. Even though the liver is the primary organ involved in the metabolism or biotransformation of xenobiotics, extrahepatic organs such as the ovary have the capacity to participate in metabolism. This extrahepatic metabolism, especially bioactivation, can pose a problem if the organ metabolizing xenobiotics to their reactive intermediates is also the target organ because target organ metabolism of xenobiotics could potentiate toxicity induced by hepatic metabolism. The ovary expresses enzymes involved in phase I and II metabolism, and it is capable of metabolizing xenobiotics. For example, ovarian toxicants 4-vinylcyclohexene monoepoxide (VCM) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) require bioactivation to induce follicle loss. VCM-induced ovarian toxicity requires the ovarian cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) 2E1 enzyme in the absence of hepatic bioactivation. However, studies indicate that, in the presence of hepatic metabolism the ovary plays a minimal role in VCM-induced toxicity. Furthermore, studies have shown that once VCM is bioactivated to the ovotoxic 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, the ovotoxic metabolite formed can be detoxified by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) or glutathione conjugation in the ovary. DMBA is sequentially bioactivated to the ovotoxicant DMBA-3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide by CYP 1B1, mEH, and CYP 1A1/1B1 enzymes. Follicle loss induced by the ovotoxicant DMBA in the absence of hepatic tissue was found to involve ovarian mEH. Additionally, expression of some phase I and II metabolic enzymes is shown to be compartmentalized within the ovary, and expression and activity change as a function of ovarian cycle. As with the liver, the metabolic enzymes in the ovary are inducible following exposure to xenobiotics, which could result in increased metabolism of these as well as endogenous compounds. The implication of ovarian metabolism of ovotoxicants in the human ovary is not well understood. The human ovary expresses metabolic enzymes and thus has the capacity to metabolize ovarian toxicants such as components of cigarette smoke. Collectively, studies have shown that understanding ovarian toxicity induced by protoxicants is a complicated issue including metabolic contributions from not only the liver but also the ovary.
A phase 2 trial of minocycline versus placebo to prevent neuropathy in patients (pts) with multiple myeloma (MM).

e20669 Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a dose limiting toxicity with bortezomib (Bz) in treating multiple myeloma (MM). Dosing schedule and route of administration changes have reduced its sev...
Tone shift and spread in Taita I

Numerous Bantu languages have processes of rightward shift or spread of H tone. Sometimes the process is quite simple: every H shifts once to the right (as in Cijita) or spreads once to the right (as in Kikerewe). The tonal system of Taita is more complex in that both shifting and spreading are found in the language. Furthermore, the extent of tone shift or spread is not just one syllable; sometimes, H tone can shift or spread by two syllables. An analysis of the tonal system of the Dembwa dialect of Taita is given here. It is argued that the facts of the language are best described in terms of two rules of rightward spreading and a third rule of tone delinking. The argument for analyzing the tone system in terms of three interacting rules rather than one unified rightward movement process resides in the fact that the environments for the three processes only overlap partially. On the theoretical front, these results support a general decomposition of the process of tone shift into tone spread interacting with tonal delinking, rather than including the operation of shift in the formal repertoire of primitive phonological operations.
E-Change: Designing a Transformative Assignment in an Online Human Sexuality Course

Online education has created a new pedagogical landscape in teaching courses discussing sensitive issues. Transformative pedagogy has been used to epistemologically challenge students culminating i...
Evaluation of Cross-Project Multitasking in Software Projects

It has been observed that multitasking can cause inefficient (or unproductive) work. Modern lean and agile practices in software engineering processes also acknowledge the problem and attempt to eliminate waste by limiting work in progress and using better team organization and work scheduling techniques. Existing research has studied multitasking and work interruptions on individuals, but very few of them have evaluated the effects of multitasking on the team or the whole organization. The goal of this study is to understand how multitasking and interruptions affect the cost of software projects. In this paper, we present a method for quantitative evaluation of the negative impact of cross-project multitasking in software development. The presented method can serve as a tool for better effort estimation as well as a metric for productivity evaluation in multiproject environments. The method was used to evaluate cross-project multitasking overhead of several industry projects. Additionally, we studied whether the number of projects in which developers were involved simultaneously is a predictor of the number of work interruptions and multitasking overhead in the team.
Unsupervised Hierarchical Clustering of Build Orders in a Real-Time Strategy Game

Currently, no artificial intelligence (AI) agent can beat a professional real-time strategy game player. Lack of effective opponent modeling limits an AI agent’s ability to adapt to new opponents or strategies. Opponent models provide an understanding of the opponent’s strategy and potential future actions. To date, opponent models have relied on handcrafted features and expert-defined strategies, which restricts AI agent opponent models to previously known and easily understood strategies. In this paper, we propose size-first hierarchic clustering to cluster players that employ similar strategies in a real-time strategy (RTS) game. We employ an unsupervised hierarchal clustering algorithm to cluster game build orders into strategy groups. To eliminate small outlying clusters, the hierarchal clustering algorithm was modified to first group the smallest cluster with its closest neighbor, i.e., size-first hierarchal clustering. In our analysis, we employ a previously developed dataset based on StarCraft: Brood War game replays. In our proposed approach, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to visualize player clusters, and the obtained PCA graphs show that the clusters are qualitatively distinct. We also demonstrate that a game’s outcome is marginally affected by both players’ clusters. In addition, we show that the opponent’s faction can be determined based on a player’s transition between clusters overtime. The novelty of our analysis is the lack of expert-defined features and an automated stopping condition to determine the appropriate number of clusters. Thus, the proposed approach is bias-free and applicable to any StarCraft-like RTS game.
Detailing Relational Interactions in Urban Elementary Mathematics Classrooms

The lack of quality of instruction in urban mathematics classrooms has received much attention in the scholarly literature. Other classroom mechanisms such as relational interactions, however, have not received much attention of mathematics education researchers. Relational interactions go above and beyond content instruction to pass on messages about who is mathematically able, whose mathematical contributions are valid, and whose cultural practices are legitimized. Examining lessons across seven classrooms, this exploratory study documented five dimensions of relational interactions: addressing behavior, framing mathematics ability, acknowledging student contributions, attending to language and culture, and setting the emotional tone. The frequency of the interactions differed significantly across the classrooms, as did the quality. Addressing behavior and acknowledging student contributions were commonly occurring dimensions though the first skewed negative and the latter positive. The article details the varied ways in which the seven teachers interacted with their African American and Latin@ students during mathematics instruction.
Strategies for Volunteers Caring for Persons with AIDS

The Gay Men's Health Crisis is the largest volunteer agency in the United States serving gay and nongay persons with AIDS. The psychosocial and sociopolitical characteristics of the AIDS epidemic a...
CT and MRI of small renal masses

Small renal masses are increasingly detected incidentally at imaging. They vary widely in histology and aggressiveness, and include benign renal tumors and renal cell carcinomas that can be either indolent or aggressive. Imaging plays a key role in the characterization of these small renal masses. While a confident diagnosis can be made in many cases, some renal masses are indeterminate at imaging and can present as diagnostic dilemmas for both the radiologists and the referring clinicians. This article will summarize the current evidence of imaging features that correlate with the biology of small solid renal masses, and discuss key approaches in imaging characterization of these masses using CT and MRI.
A Prospective Pilot Study Comparing Rate of Processing Techniques in Autologous Fat Grafting.

BACKGROUND Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is increasing in popularity to address a variety of defects. There is interest in developing techniques to harvest, process, and inject fat to improve clinical outcomes as well as operative efficiency. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the rate of graft processing of two commercially available systems for graft preparation. METHODS Twenty consecutive cases using an active filtration system (system-AF) were observed followed by 20 consecutive cases using a passive filtration system (system-PF) to compare efficiency rate. Fat processing rate was quantified in milliliters/minute. RESULTS Forty patients underwent AFG with no differences in patient characteristics between the groups. There was 1 incidence of palpable fat necrosis per group (5%). For all patients, this was the first fat grafting procedure; 20% of patients (n = 4 per group) had additional fat grafting. Overall, the rate of adipose tissue preparation was significantly higher with system-AF compared to system-PF (19.8 mL/min vs 5.3 mL/min, P ≤ 0.001). The resulting percent of graftable fat was comparable (AF: 41% vs PF: 42%; P = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Time and motion studies such as this provide a means to systematically document each of the steps involved in fat grafting in a reliable fashion. The authors demonstrate a significantly higher rate of lipoaspirate processing using an active filtration system compared to a passive system. Further large-scale studies of the efficacy and cost analysis of AFG are a necessary component of determining best practices in the field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
Development and Preliminary Findings of the Dizziness Symptom Profile.

Objectives Dizziness, vertigo, and unsteadiness are common complaints of patients who present to primary care providers. These patients often are referred to otology for assessment and management. Unfortunately, there are a small number of specialists to manage these patients. However, there are several dizziness disorders that can be successfully managed by primary care providers if the disorder is properly identified. To assist in the identification of several of the most common dizziness disorders, we developed the dizziness symptom profile (DSP). The DSP is a self-report questionnaire designed to generate one or more differential diagnoses that can be combined with the patient's case history and physical examination. Design This report describes three investigations. Investigations 1 and 2 (i.e., exploratory and confirmatory investigations, N = 514) describe the development of the DSP. Investigation 3 (N = 195) is a validation study that describes the level of agreement between the DSP completed by the patient, and, the differential diagnosis of the otologist. Results The final version of the DSP consists of 31 items. Preliminary findings suggest that the DSP is in agreement with the differential diagnoses of ear specialists for Meniere's disease (100% agreement), vestibular migraine (95% agreement), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (82% agreement). Conclusions Early results suggest that DSP may be useful in the creation of differential diagnoses for dizzy patients that can be evaluated and managed locally. This has the potential to reduce the burden on primary care providers and reduce delays in the diagnosis of common dizziness and vertigo disorders.
Hysteroscopic Management of Intrauterine Disorders: Polypectomy, Myomectomy, Endometrial Ablation, Adhesiolysis, and Removal of Uterine Septum

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive and highly accurate means of diagnosing and treating a multitude of intrauterine pathology. It has become an indispensable tool for treating fibroids, polyps, synechiae, and congenital uterine anomalies and for performing endometrial ablation procedures. Specific classification systems exist for fibroids, synechiae, and congenital anomalies, which allow the pathology to be categorized into surgically meaningful groups that guide the approach for resection. Specific techniques are also required to treat each condition. The correct equipment must be used to ensure the optimal outcome, and the resection of these lesions should be carried out in a systematic manner. Clinicians should also be cognizant of complications they may encounter before performing these procedures so that greater care may be taken to avoid them.