cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CYFIP1 overexpression increases fear response in mice but does not affect social or repetitive behavioral phenotypes.

CYFIP1, a protein that interacts with FMRP and regulates protein synthesis and actin dynamics, is overexpressed in Dup15q syndrome as well as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While CYFIP1 heterozygosity has been rigorously studied due to its loss in 15q11.2 deletion, Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome, the effects of CYFIP1 overexpression, as is observed in patients with CYFIP1 duplication, are less well understood. We developed and validated a mouse model of human CYFIP1 overexpression (CYFIP1 OE) using qPCR and western blot analysis. We performed a large battery of behavior testing on these mice, including ultrasonic vocalizations, three-chamber social assay, home-cage behavior, Y-maze, elevated plus maze, open field test, Morris water maze, fear conditioning, prepulse inhibition, and the hot plate assay. We also performed RNA sequencing and analysis on the basolateral amygdala. Extensive behavioral testing in CYFIP1 OE mice reveals no changes in the core behaviors related to ASD: social interactions and repetitive behaviors. However, we did observe mild learning deficits and an exaggerated fear response. Using RNA sequencing of the basolateral amygdala, a region associated with fear response, we observed changes in pathways related to cytoskeletal regulation, oligodendrocytes, and myelination. We also identified GABA-A subunit composition changes in basolateral amygdala neurons, which are essential components of the neural fear conditioning circuit. Overall, this research identifies the behavioral and molecular consequences of CYFIP1 overexpression and how they contribute to the variable phenotype seen in Dup15q syndrome and in ASD patients with excess CYFIP1.
Mode of inheritance of the higher degree of megakaryocyte polyploidization in C3H mice. I. Evidence for a role of genomic imprinting in megakaryocyte polyploidy determination

C3H mice have higher average ploidy megakaryocytes than all other mouse strains tested, but the mode of inheritance of this anomaly is unknown. Therefore, to clarify the genetics of high ploidy megakaryocytes in C3H mice, we measured megakaryocyte DNA content from both male and female offspring from F1, as well as backcross matings. In all, offspring from seven different matings of mice were studied: (1) C57BL X C57BL (the first strain listed is the male parent in each case), (2) B6C3F1 (offspring from C57BL X C3H mating) X C57BL, (3) C57BL X B6C3F1, (4) C57BL X C3H, (5) C3H X B6C3F1, (6) B6C3F1 X C3H, and (7) C3H X C3H. The polyploid megakaryocyte DNA content distributions of the offspring from these matings show that C3H mice have higher percentages of high ploidy megakaryocytes than did all other mice. Also, male mice had significantly higher percentages of high ploidy (32N and 64N) megakaryocytes than did female mice for all matings, except backcross mating no. 6. The megakaryocyte DNA content for individual offspring of a given backcross appeared to form a single, continuous distribution, rather than segregate into two distinct groups, suggesting that the higher megakaryocyte DNA content of C3H mice is caused by involvement of multiple allelles. This conclusion is further supported by our finding that the frequency of high ploidy megakaryocytes among offspring of the various matings was related to the proportion of C3H genotype contributed by the parents, ie, average megakaryocyte DNA content increased linearly (r2 = .88 for male mice and .84 for female mice. P < .0001) with increasing C3H gene dosage; the correlations for both male and female mice were essentially parallel (slope = 0.08 and 0.09, respectively). In addition, we found an effect of genomic imprinting on megakaryocyte DNA content in backcross offspring. The genetic imprinting was characterized by the female parent having a greater influence on the offspring's megakaryocyte DNA content than the male parent, ie, although the overall genetic makeup was the same, female offspring from backcross no. 6 (in which the female was C3H) had higher average megakaryocyte ploidy values than those from backcross no. 5 (in which the female was B6C3F1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A generic framework for approximation analysis of greedy algorithms for star bicoloring

This paper presents a generic framework for the design and comparison of polynomial-time approximation algorithms for MINIMUM STAR BICOLORING. This generic framework is parameterized by algorithms ...
CORAL User Group Meeting at NC Serials 2019

This article reports on the CORAL User Group meeting at the NC Serials 2019 conference. This was the first CORAL user group meeting to take place at the NC Serials conference. The speakers provided...
Revisiting the Commitment-Loyalty Distinction in a Cruising Context

AbstractThis paper attempts to revisit the commitment-loyalty relationship by conceptually and empirically examining the differences (and similarities) between the two constructs. A review of the extant literature suggests that the key issue regarding this relationship is whether we can equate commitment with the attitudinal dimension of loyalty. In a cruise travelers' study, the relationships of the two constructs were examined in terms of their loading pattern, correlation, discriminant validity, and their predictive power related to loyalty outcomes. Results revealed that attitudinal loyalty and commitment are essentially identical constructs. Some preliminary insights on how to unify the related terminology and definitions, and the implications to future research are provided.
Sabotage Attack Detection for Additive Manufacturing Systems

This paper presents a novel multi-modal sabotage attack detection system for Additive Manufacturing (AM) machines. By utilizing multiple side-channels, we improve system state estimation significantly in comparison to uni-modal techniques. Besides, we analyze the value of each side-channel for performing attack detection in terms of mutual information shared with the machine control parameters. We evaluate our system on real-world test cases and achieve an attack detection accuracy of 98.15%. AM, or 3D Printing, is seeing practical use for the rapid prototyping and production of industrial parts. The digitization of such systems not only makes AM a crucial technology in Industry 4.0 but also presents a broad attack surface that is vulnerable to kinetic cyberattacks. In the field of AM security, sabotage attacks are cyberattacks that introduce inconspicuous defects to a manufactured component at any specific process of the AM digital process chain, resulting in the compromise of the component’s structural integrity and load-bearing capabilities. Defense mechanisms that detect such attacks using side-channel analysis have been studied. However, most current works focus on modeling the state of AM systems using a single side-channel, thus limiting their effectiveness at attack detection. In this paper, we demonstrate the value of a multi-modal sabotage attack detection system in comparison to uni-modal techniques.
2D material-integrated optoelectronics (Conference Presentation)

2D materials have a number of intriguing value proposition that could be harnessed for compact, tunable, high-performance optoelectronic devices when heterogeneously integrated in photonic circuits. Here I review our latest work including; (1) tunable TMD-based microring resonator with engineered critical-coupling condition, (2) a broadband graphene plasmon-slot photodetector (R=0.7A/W), (3) a 200mV bandgap-shifted strain-engineered absorption-enhanced MoTe2 photodetector (R=0.5A/W, low-dark-current <10nA@-1V), (4) a record-high responsivity (R=1.36A/W) slot-plasmon exciton-modulated MoTe2 photodetector, (5) a MoS2 electro-absorption modulator all enabled by our recently developed method of cross-contamination-free yet deterministic dry transfer 2D material ‘printer’ mimicking a 3D printer for enabling rapid prototyping. These devices are based on co-integration of 2D materials into Silicon and SiN photonics, with the latter used for on-exciton modulation or exciton absorption.
Drug Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Unsuppressed HIV Who Use Alcohol: Identifying Patterns of Comorbid Drug Use and Associations with Mental Health.

Youth living with HIV (YLWH; aged 16–24) are at elevated risk of alcohol and drug use. Studies in older populations have identified patterns or profiles of multiple substance use differentially associated with mental health and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence. No studies of YLWH have yet examined such patterns. A sample of 179 YLWH, reporting ART non-adherence and alcohol use, were recruited at five Adolescent Trials Network clinics in urban areas of the US between November 2014 and August 2017. Participants completed the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to assess substance use involvement scores, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Latent Profile Analysis identified three substance use patterns: minimal illicit drug use (15.1%), cannabis only (56.4%), and global polysubstance use (28.5%). Global polysubstance users experienced more mental health problems compared to the minimal illicit drug use group. The co-occurrence of drug use with alcohol was common among these YLWH—all of whom reported ART adherence problems—indicating the importance of interventions capable of addressing multiple substance use rather than alcohol alone.
Schrödinger’s Reaction to the EPR Paper

I discuss Schrodinger’s response to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paper of 1935. In particular, it is argued, based on an unpublished notebook, that while Schrodinger sympathized with the EPR argument he worried about its lack of emphasis on the role of biorthogonal expansions and on the distinction between conclusions dependent on the particular outcome obtained in a single measurement, versus those that quantify over all possible outcomes of a measurement procedure. I also discuss the different views between Schrodinger and Einstein on the issue of the completeness of quantum mechanics. Finally, I discuss the question whether Schrodinger borrowed from his correspondence with Einstein to come up with his famous Cat Paradox.
In Vitro Models of Intestine Innate Immunity

Animal models have delivered critical insights into mechanisms underlying the intestinal innate immune system; however, inherent differences exist between human and animal systems. To further understand the intestine innate immune system, there is a growing need for in vitro tissue model systems using human cells. A critical feature of in vitro cell and tissue models is the subepithelial environment, which contains additional cell types and includes 2D, microfluidic, organoid, and 3D tissue models. Where mouse models for the study of intestinal innate immune systems fall short, developments from in vitro models continue to grow in importance to aid efforts to understand this system in the context of disease and potential treatments.
Submillimeter Wave Noise Interaction with Rainy Atmospheres

The thermal radiation from the atmosphere is an unwanted contribution of noise from the standpoint of communications, whereas it may provide valuable information about various atmospheric parameters from a remote sensing standpoint. The monitoring of this radiation by spaceborn sensors has been done successfully at microwave and infrared wavelengths. The submillimeter region is still essentially untouched and could give further insight into atmospheric parameters although the interaction of these waves and the troposphere is highly complex and not yet completely described. An estimation of the noise levels for rainy atmospheres is a first step in this direction and shows some of the inherent limitations.
Das politische System Turkmenistans

Einst als „Kuwait Zentralasiens“ gehandelt wurde die Entwicklung Turkmenistans stark beeintrachtigt durch den Autoritarismus der politischen Macht, materialisiert durch einen stalinistischen Personenkult, eine isolationistische Ausenpolitik und nur minimale Wirtschaftsreformen. Daruber hinaus ist das Land in der schwersten wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Krise seit seiner Unabhangigkeit gefangen. Es wird erheblich beeintrachtigt durch den Ruckgang des Humankapitals und den Verfall der Weltmarktpreise fur Energietrager im Jahr 2014, welches den Grosteil seiner Wirtschaft ausmacht. Dieses Kapitel untersucht den Kontext dieser Gegensatze und ihre Auswirkungen auf die kunftige Entwicklung des Landes.
New-onset anterior uveitis in two patients on ustekinumab for inflammatory bowel disease

This report presents the first published cases of new-onset uveitis in patients on ustekinumab therapy. We present two patients with inflammatory bowel disease who developed anterior uveitis while on ustekinumab 90 mg every 8 weeks. Both patients achieved quiescence of their uveitis and improved control of their systemic disease with increased dose frequency of ustekinumab at every 4 weeks. Further investigation is warranted to determine if a true association exists.
Active Sinking Particles: Sessile Suspension Feeders significantly alter the Flow and Transport to Sinking Aggregates

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWSinking or sedimentation of biological aggregates plays a critical role in carbon sequestration in the ocean and in vertical material fluxes in waste-water treatment plants. In both these contexts, the sinking aggregates are "active," since they are hot-spots of biological life and are densely colonized by microorganisms including bacteria and sessile protists, some of which generate feeding currents. However, the effect of these feeding currents on the sinking rates, trajectories, and mass transfer to these "active sinking particles," has not previously been studied. Here we use a novel scale-free vertical-tracking microscope (a.k.a. Gravity Machine, Krishnamurthy et al. "Scale-free vertical tracking microscopy." Nature Methods (2020)) to follow model sinking aggregates (agar spheres) with attached protists (Vorticella convallaria), sinking over long distances while simultaneously measuring local flows. We find that activity generated by attached Vorticella cause substantial changes to the flow around aggregates in a dynamic manner and reshape mass transport boundary layers. Further, we find that activity-mediated local flows along with sinking significantly changes how aggregates interact with the water-column at larger scales by modifying the encounter and plume cross-sections and by inducing sustained aggregate rotations. In this way our work suggests an important role of biological activity in understanding the growth, degradation, composition and sinking speeds of aggregates with consequences for predicting vertical material fluxes in marine, freshwater and man-made environments. 1 Significance StatementSinking aggregates are a critical part of aquatic ecosystems. Plentiful sinking aggregates account for the majority of carbon sequestration in the oceans. These aggregates are densely colonized by microorganisms, including many that generate feeding currents. Utilizing a novel instrument for high resolution imaging of sinking particles, we demonstrate that these feeding currents significantly change how water flows near the aggregates. We show that these changes in flow are likely to affect aquatic system processes, including aggregation rates, degradation rates, sinking speeds, and aggregate composition. Our work provides a starting point for exploring the larger-scale implications of attached organisms on these system processes, which, in turn, are critical for understanding carbon sequestration in the oceans or efficiency in waste-water treatment plants.
Chapter IV Senecio Alkaloids

Publisher Summary Senecio, the largest genus belonging to the Compositae family, comprises over one thousand species and most of these contain alkaloids. The closely related or perhaps synonymous genus Erechtites also consists of species rich in alkaloids. Within the family Boraginaceae, the Heliotropium,Trachelanthus, and Trichodesma genera contain alkaloids which are very similar to those extracted from the Senecio plants. Crotalaria plants, of the family Leguminosae, also contain alkaloids of the same type. These closely related alkaloids are found in the three different botanical families. All are referred to as “ Senecio alkaloids” for the sake of brevity. All contain only one nitrogen atom. Although there are differences in the carbon content, the predominant alkaloids are those that contain 18 carbon atoms. The hydrogen and oxygen contents of the alkaloids, considered as a series, are subject to wide variation. In frequent cases, the same alkaloid has been isolated from different species within the same genus.
The Effect of Wetland Mitigation Banking on the Achievement of No-Net-Loss

/ This study determines whether the 68 wetland mitigation banks in existence in the United States through 1 January 1996 are achieving no-net-loss of wetland acreage nationally and regionally. Although 74% of the individual banks achieve no-net-loss by acreage, overall, wetland mitigation banks are projected to result in a net loss of 21,328 acres of wetlands nationally, 52% of the acreage in banks, as already credited wetland acreages are converted to otheruses. While most wetland mitigation banks are using appropriate compensation methods and ratios, several of the largest banks use preservation or enhancement, instead of restoration or creation. Most of these preservation/enhancement banks use minimum mitigation ratios of 1:1, which is much lower than ratios given in current guidelines. Assuming that mitigation occurs in these banks as preservation at the minimum allowable ratio, ten of these banks, concentrated in the western Gulf Coast region, will account for over 99% of projected net wetland acreage loss associated with banks. We conclude that wetland mitigation banking is a conceptually sound environmental policy and planning tool, but only if applied according to recently issued guidelines that ensure no-net-loss of wetland functions and values. Wetland mitigation banking inevitably leads to geographic relocation of wetlands, and therefore changes, either positively or negatively, the functions they perform and ecosystem services they provide. KEY WORDS: Mitigation banking; Wetlands; Army Corps of Engineers; No-net-loss
Characterization of structural elements in native autoinducing peptides and non-native analogues that permit the differential modulation of AgrC-type quorum sensing receptors in Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus uses short macrocyclic peptides (i.e., autoinducing peptides, or AIPs) to assess its local population density in a cell–cell signaling mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). At high cell numbers, this pathogen can initiate many virulent behaviors that allow for the establishment of infection. Binding of the AIP signal to its cognate transmembrane AgrC-type receptor is a critical event in the QS signaling cascade; consequently, interference of AIP:receptor interactions may have the potential to prevent and eradicate certain S. aureus infections. To date, four pairs of AIP:AgrC receptors have been identified in S. aureus, each pair being utilized by a specific S. aureus group (I–IV). Other staphylococcal species also use closely related, but distinct, AIP:AgrC pairs to control QS. We seek to develop non-native ligands capable of intercepting AIP:AgrC binding in each S. aureus group and in related species. As these bacteria may use their respective AIP signal to attenuate the QS systems of other groups/species, such ligands would provide valuable chemical tools to probe possible interference mechanisms in a range of contexts. In the current study, we used solution-phase NMR techniques to characterize the 3-D structures of a set of known native and non-native peptides that have differential modulatory activity in certain AgrC receptors. Analysis of these structures revealed several distinct structural motifs that belay differential activity in selected S. aureus AgrC receptors (i.e., AgrC-I, AgrC-II, and AgrC-III). The results of this study can be leveraged for the design of new synthetic ligands with enhanced selectivities and potencies for these AgrC receptors.
First in a series on the evolution of time measurement: celestial, flow, and mechanical clocks [Recalibration]

Time is elusive. We are comfortable with the concept of time, but in many ways it defies understanding. We cannot see, hear, or touch time; we can only observe its effects. Although we are unable to grasp time with our traditional senses, we can clearly "feel" the passage of time as we watch night turn to day, the seasons change, or a child grow up. We are also aware that we can't stop or reverse the continuous flow of time, a fact that becomes more obvious as we get older. Defining time seems impossible, and attempts to do so by philosophers and scientists fall far short of their goal.
efforts in the United States laser fusion

Research activities in laser fusion over the past 30 years have evolved into the next generation of Inertial Confinement Fusion—the National Ignition Facility.
Bosonic superconducting cosmic strings. I. Classical field theory solutions

Abstract This paper explores a four-dimensional field theory in which superconducting bosonic cosmic strings can form. We solve the field equations and explore the parameter space within which the strings are superconducting. We find that the maximum allowed current is often much less than suggested by dimensional analysis. In most of the parameter space, even the maximum current in the strings is not sufficient for many of their proposed astrophysical uses and especially, the current is rarely sufficient to form “frozen” string loops.
High inside corners at ridge-transform intersections

A large topographic high commonly occurs near the intersection of a rifted spreading center and a transform fault. The high occurs at the inside of the 90° bend in the plate boundary, and is called the ‘high inside corner’, while the area across the spreading center, the ‘outside corner’, is often anomalously low. To better understand the origin of this topographic asymmetry, we examine topographic maps of 53 ridge-transform intersections. We conclude the following: (1) High inside corners occur at 41 out of 42 ridge-transform intersections at slow spreading ridges, and thus should be considered characteristic and persistent features of rifted slow spreading ridges. They are conspicuously absent at fast spreading ridges or at spreading centers that lack a rift valley. (2) High inside corners occur wherever an axial rift valley is present, and an approximate 1:1 correlation exists between the relief of the rift valley and the magnitude of the asymmetry. (3) Large high inside corners occur at both long and short transform offsets. (4) High inside corners at long offsets decay off-axis faster than predicted by the square root of age cooling model, precluding a thermalisostatic origin, but consistent with dynamic or flexural uplift models.
Modeling nonlinear phenomena

This paper discusses various ways to quantify nonlinear relationship% in general, and an applicatim of the prtiures explored to the Atlas of Major Texas Oil Reservoirs database compiled by The University of Texas Bureau of Economic Oeology. A system is nonlinear if the relationship between its input and output cannot M described by a straight line. Detiting such a relationship is confounded when random noise is present in the system’s output. Most relationships in petroleum engintig are nonlinear. The first part of this work describes a numericrd experiment that uses a known but noisy nonlinear functim to genaate system input. The function contains a parameter that specifies the degree of nonlinearity and an independent white noise component. For varying degrees of nonlinearity and noise we investigate which of three tiniques, conventional linear regression, the optimal transform method, and a neurat network, best reproduce the input-output response. As expected, linear regrwion works best (in the sense that it reproduces the known tiction) when nonlinearity is small. optimal transforms work best for moderate amounts of noise and for nonlinear functions. No technique works, regardless of how nmlinear it is, when the s~tem is dominated by noise. The optimal transform procedure is illustrated by correlating oil recovery efficiencies reported in the Attas of Major Texas Oil Reservoirs database. The results are obtained by performing the pr~ure on data sets that have been preprocessed by dividing according to drive mechanisms and/or reservoir classes. *-* m
High-Resolution Optical Mapping of the Right Bundle Branch in Connexin40 Knockout Mice Reveals Slow Conduction in the Specialized Conduction System

Abstract —Connexin40 (Cx40) is a major gap junction protein that is expressed in the His-Purkinje system and thought to be a critical determinant of cell-to-cell communication and conduction of electrical impulses. Video maps of the ventricular epicardium and the proximal segment of the right bundle branch (RBB) were obtained using a high-speed CCD camera while simultaneously recording volume-conducted ECGs. In Cx40–/– mice, the PR interval was prolonged (47.4±1.4 in wild-type \[WT\] \[n=6\] and 57.5±2.8 in Cx40–/– [n=6]; P <0.01). WT ventricular epicardial activation was characterized by focused breakthroughs that originated first on the right ventricle (RV) and then the left ventricle (LV). In Cx40–/– hearts, the RV breakthrough occurred after the LV breakthrough. Additionally, Cx40–/– mice showed RV breakthrough times that were significantly delayed with respect to QRS complex onset (3.7±0.7 ms in WT [n=6] and 6.5±0.7 ms in Cx40–/– [n=6]; P <0.01), whereas LV breakthrough times did not change. Conduction velocity measurements from optical mapping of the RBB revealed slow conduction in Cx40–/– mice (74.5±3 cm/s in WT [n=7] and 43.7±6 cm/s in Cx40–/– [n=7]; P <0.01). In addition, simultaneous ECG records demonstrated significant delays in Cx40–/– RBB activation time with respect to P time (P-RBB time; 41.6±1.9 ms in WT [n=7] and 55.1±1.3 ms in [n=7]; P <0.01). These data represent the first direct demonstration of conduction defects in the specialized conduction system of Cx40–/– mice and provide new insight into the role of gap junctions in cardiac impulse propagation.
Perfluorochemical-based artificial oxygen carrying red cell substitutes.

Abstract There has been rapid progress in research on artificial oxygen-carrying red blood cell substitutes composed of perfluorochemical emulsions (PFE). PFE are capable of delivering significant amounts of oxygen to tissues, but FDA approval is given for routine human use they must first overcome concerns regarding adverse effects and then clearly demonstrate efficacy in human trials. Infusion of the first commercial product used in humans, Fluosol-DA™, which contained a relatively low concentration of perfluorochemical, was associated with immediate adverse effects in some individuals and failed to demonstrate efficacy in a prospective clinical trial. A second generation PFE artificial oxygen carrier, Oxygent-HT™, should be more effective since it carries five-fold more oxygen than Fluosol, does not require mixing, and is more stable. Initial clinical trials of this and other second generation PFE were accompanied by mild, transient flu-like side effects. PFE are also being investigated for regional organ perfusion, tumor oxygenation prior to radiotherapy, contrast imaging, and for liquid ventilation of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The development of a safe, effective, artificial oxygen carrier at reasonable cost will have a major effect on transition practice. Since PFE have a brief intravascular survival they are unlikely to supplant the use of red blood cells in treatment of anemia.
Origin of the reactivity of allyl chloride and .alpha.-chloroacetaldehyde in SN2 nucleophilic substitution reactions: a theoretical comparison

Une comparaison des orbitales moleculaires de l'etat de transition de la substitution nucleophile SN 2 de l'ion chlorure sur le chloro-3 propene et le chloroacetaldehyde est faite en utilisant les calculs ab initio
S-cysteinyl-hydroxychlorpropham: Formation of the S-cysteinyl conjugate of isopropyl-3′-chloro-4′-hydroxycarbanilate in oat (Avena sativa L.)

Abstract Isopropyl-3′-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham) forms phenolic metabolites, isopropyl-3′-chloro-4′-hydroxycarbanilate (I), and isopropyl-5′-chloro-2′-hydroxycarbanilate (II), in several plant species. In oat, which is a chlorpropham-susceptible plant, I was converted to an S-cysteinyl-conjugate (III). The reaction in vitro was catalyzed by a partially purified, soluble enzyme. The formation of III by the enzyme preparation and by oat shoot sections was compared. Mass spectral data indicated the presence of an aryl-thioether bond, and chloro-, hydroxy-, and isopropylcarbanilate groups in III. The results of this investigation indicate that III was isopropyl-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio]-chloro-hydroxycarbanilate (S-cysteinyl-hydroxychlorpropham).
Enhancement of binding of quaternary ammonium derivatives of chlorpromaxine to dopamine D-2 receptors by the addition of a H-bonding group

Abstract Several permanently charged analogs of chloropromazine were synthesized and evaluated for their binding to dopamine D-2 receptors.
New controlled environment vitrification system for preparing wet samples for cryo-SEM

Summary A new controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS) has been designed and constructed to facilitate examination by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) of initial suspension state and of microstructure development in latex, latex–composite and other coatings while they still contain solvent. The new system has a main chamber with provisions for coating as well as drying, and for well-controlled plunging into cryogen. An added subsidiary chamber holds samples for drying or annealing over minutes to days before they are returned to the main chamber and plunged from it. In the main chamber, samples are blade-coated on 5 × 7 mm pieces of silicon wafer and held at selected temperature and humidity for successively longer times, either there or after transfer along a rail into the subsidiary chamber. They are then placed in the sample holder mounted on the plunge rod, so as to permit adjustment of the sample's attitude when it plunges, at controlled speed, into liquid ethane at its freezing point, to a chosen depth, in order to solidify the sample without significant shear or freezing artifacts. The entries of plunging samples and related sample holders into liquid ethane were recorded with a high-speed, high-resolution Photron digital camera. The data were interpreted with a new hypothesis about the width of the band of extremely rapid cooling by deeply subcooled nucleate boiling below the line of entry. Complementary cryo-SEM images revealed that the freezing rate and surface shearing of a sample need to be balanced by adjusting the plunging attitude.
Application of Theory and Research to Management of Warmwater Fish Populations

Abstract Balance in fish populations is an important concept in fisheries management. Research on the characteristics and dynamics of balanced and unbalanced bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) populations suggests guidelines relative to growth rate, survivorship and recruitment which may be applied to other species such as gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). Regulations and stocking are important management techniques which may be applied to improve the state of balance and structure in fish populations.
Guest Editoria Holography A Dedication To Dennis Gabor

We thought it was time to bring the readers of Optical Engineering up to date on the new developments in holography, as was done exactly five years ago with the September/October 1975 special issue. The seeds for this special issue were sown during the 1978 Gordon Conference on Coherent Optics and Holography held at the Miramar Hotel in Santa Barbara, California. The conference clearly demonstrated, through the discussion of many interesting research and development applications, that holography is alive and well. For example, artists have discovered holography as a new medium and there is a museum for displaying new holographic developments and inventions. In addition to the opening of the New York museum where artists and patrons are thoroughly enjoying holography, the past five years have witnessed the publication of the Handbook of Optical Holography, continuing issues of the Acoustical Holography proceedings, the gathering of scientists to exchange ideas at three Gordon Conferences in 1976, 1978, and 1980, and the SPIE conference on holography held in Los Angeles in February 1980.
Bright Cars and Outsiders: Evidence of Asymmetric Estimates in Vehicular Speeds

Using an improved analysis, this paper provides new evidence regarding the influence of vehicle attributes on the estimation of vehicular speed by an observer. An analysis of speeding records indicates that brightly colored vehicles systematically receive citations for relatively lower speeds. Findings also indicate that trucks were cited for significantly higher speeds than were cars. The findings clarify earlier conflicts in the literature as to whether vehicular characteristics give an impression of higher speed. As an additional topic of investigation, evidence is provided that outsiders, those not living in the jurisdiction, received citations for significantly lower speeds.
Genetic Relationships among Plant Introductions for Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode Race 5

Three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introductions (PI) 399061, PI 424595, and PI 438342 were recently identified as resistant to Race 5 of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines Ichinohe. Plant breeders need to know if these plant introductions have the same or different genes for resistance than those in previously identified resistant plant introductions. Crosses were made between the Race 5 resistant plant introductions and progenies were tested for segregation for resistance to the nematode [...]
Effects of a deliberate moral education program on parents of elementary school students

Eighteen parents participated in a Deliberate Psychological Education program designed to enhance their moral judgement and indirectly influence the moral development of their children. In a quasi‐experimental nonequivalent control group design, their progress was compared to that of 19 participants in a no‐treatment control condition. There was a significant change in the treatment condition on moral judgement and perspective‐taking measures and the effectiveness of a generated solutions component of a problem‐solving measure. The effect size for the moral judgement variable was large. The findings indicated that similar programs have the potential to enhance the moral judgement of parents. Enhancing the moral judgement of parents can potentially enhance the moral development of their children, although further research is needed to refine the treatment program and understand the outcomes.
Genesis of Longitudinal and Oghurd Dunes Elucidated by Rolling upon Grease

Longitudinal dune forms can be almost exactly simulated by running a roller across a layer of grease. This technique particularly duplicates the uniform spacing, the proper number and angle of dune junctures, and the fact that dune junctures always open upwind (or up-roller). Movement in the viscous grease layer accurately models helicoidal movement in the lower, boundary layer of the atmosphere. The longitudinal dune form is produced by alternately rotating pairs of horizontal roller vortices beneath the main movement of the geostrophic winds. Oghurd (star) dunes are simulated by lifting a sheet of cardboard vertically off a grease spot, thus indicating that convection cells developed by predominantly vertically moving air currents form the dunes.
Regulation of tissue factor cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation by palmitoylation

The tissue factor (TF)-initiated coagulation pathway plays important roles in hemostasis, inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Phosphorylation of the TF cytoplasmic domain is functionally relevant in metastasis. How TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation downstream of protein kinase C (PKC) activation is regulated in primary vascular cells remains poorly understood. Here, phosphorylation of Ser258, rather than the PKC consensus site Ser253, is identified as the major conformational switch required for recognition by a phosphorylation-specific antibody. With this novel reagent, we demonstrate that the TF cytoplasmic domain is primarily unphosphorylated in confluent endothelial cells. TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation can occur in the absence of the autologous TF transmembrane and extracellular domains but requires maturation of TF in the Golgi compartment and cell surface expression. Site-directed mutagenesis and 2-bromopalmitate treatment provide evidence that palmitoylation of the cytoplasmic Cys245 is a negative regulatory mechanism of Ser258 phosphorylation. Profiling with PKC-selective inhibitors identifies PKCalpha as important for TF cytoplasmic domain phosphorylation. Mutagenesis of protein kinase consensus sites are consistent with a model in which PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Ser253 enhances subsequent Ser258 phosphorylation by a Pro-directed kinase. Thus, cell surface location-dependent phosphorylation of the TF cytoplasmic domain is regulated at multiple levels.
Use of Electronic Health Records and Clinical Decision Support Systems for Antimicrobial Stewardship

Electronic health records (EHRs) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have the potential to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Numerous EHRs and CDSSs are available and have the potential to enable all clinicians and antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) to more efficiently review pharmacy, microbiology, and clinical data. Literature evaluating the impact of EHRs and CDSSs on patient outcomes is lacking, although EHRs with integrated CDSSs have demonstrated improvements in clinical and economic outcomes. Both technologies can be used to enhance existing ASPs and their implementation of core ASP strategies. Resolution of administrative, legal, and technical issues will enhance the acceptance and impact of these systems. EHR systems will increase in value when manufacturers include integrated ASP tools and CDSSs that do not require extensive commitment of information technology resources. Further research is needed to determine the true impact of current systems on ASP and the ultimate goal of improved patient outcomes through optimized antimicrobial use.
Earthquake resistance frames with combination of rigid and semi-rigid connections

Abstract The concept of the hybrid steel frame system, as it pertains to mixtures of fully-rigid and semi-rigid steel connections used in 20-story SAC frames, is presented herein. Several different patterns and locations of semi-rigid connection replacements within the frame were examined in order to identify hybrid frames with the best seismic performance. The effective connection stiffness was identified by performing a parametric study on the initial stiffness of the semi-rigid connections. Then, the cyclic behavior of the connections with the most effective stiffness was obtained, using nonlinear finite element analysis. Inelastic dynamic analyses were conducted on the proposed selected frames by subjecting them to Los Angeles earthquake records characterized as those with 2% and 10% probabilities of exceedance in fifty years. The maximum story drift for the hybrid frames was determined and compared with the “life safety” and “collapse prevention” performance limits, as recommended by FEMA 356 [12] . The story drift and member forces for the proposed hybrid frames were compared with those of conventional SAC frames without semi-rigid connections. Finally, a reliability analysis, utilizing the collapse margin ratio presented in FEMA P695, was performed to quantify and compare the collapse performance of the proposed hybrid frames and conventional rigid frames.
Synchrotron Radiation Calibration of the SPRED VUV Spectograph at the NBS SURF II Electron Storage Ring

Synchrotron Radiation Calibration of the SPRED VUV Spectograph at the NBS SURF II Electron Storage RingB.C. Stratton, R.J. Fonck, and A.T. RamseyPrinceton University, Plasma Physics LaboratoryJames Forrestal Campus, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08544AbstractAn absolute intensity calibration of the SPRED VUV spectrograph currently in use on the Tokamak FusionTest Reactor (TFTR) has been performed using synchrotron radiation from the NBS SURF II electron storage
Towards functional labeling of utility vehicle point clouds for humanoid driving

We present preliminary work on analyzing 3-D point clouds of a small utility vehicle for purposes of humanoid robot driving. The scope of this work is limited to a subset of ingress-related tasks including stepping up into the vehicle and grasping the steering wheel. First, we describe how partial point clouds are acquired from different perspectives using sensors including a stereo camera and a tilting laser range-finder. For finer detail and a larger model than one sensor view alone can capture, a Kinect Fusion [1]-1ike algorithm is used to integrate the stereo point clouds as the sensor head is moved around the vehicle. Second, we discuss how individual sensor views can be registered to the overall vehicle model to provide context, and present methods to estimate several geometric parameters critical to motion planning: (1) the floor height and boundaries defined by the seat and the dashboard, and (2) the steering wheel pose and dimensions. Results are compared using the different sensors, and the usefulness of the estimated quantities for motion planning is also demonstrated.
Facetop tablet: note-taking assistance for deaf persons

Meetings comprise a vital part of participation in social activities. For a deaf or hard of hearing person who does not understand spoken language, following meetings can become confusing if there are too many simultaneous sources of information. When the person focuses on one source of information, she misses information from another source; for example, while looking at a presenter's slides, the person misses information from the signing interpreter. The features of Facetop Tablet were iteratively designed according to feedback from members of the Deaf community. Through this feedback, we have refined and completed the implementation and it is ready for evaluation through user studies. We are ready to recruit participants whom we could reach through demonstrations.
Self-consistent green function approach for calculation of electronic structure in transition metals.

We present an approach for self-consistent calculations of the many-body Green function in transition metals. The distinguishing feature of our approach is the use of one-site approximation and the self-consistent quasiparticle wave function basis set obtained from the solution of the Schrodinger equation with a nonlocal potential. We analyze several sets of skeleton diagrams as generating functionals for the Green function self-energy, including GW and fluctuating exchange sets. Calculations for Fe and Ni revealed stronger energy dependence of the effective interaction and self-energy of the d electrons near the Fermi level compared to s and p electron states.
The formation of a standing shock in a polytropic solar wind model within 1–10 Rs

We show how a one-fluid polytropic solar wind model exhibits properties similar to an isothermal wind when localized momentum addition and/or rapid area divergence produce multiple critical points in the flow. In particular, we show that when the sonic transition in the flow occurs closer to the coronal base, multiple steady solutions can exist. These multiple steady solutions consist of a continuous solution passing through the innermost critical point and other steady solutions involving a steady shock transition. By following the temporal evolution of the solar wind from a steady state with one critical point to a steady state with three critical points, we show that a standing shock solution is more likely to develop than a continuous solution when momentum deposition occurs close to the coronal base and the equation of motion admits multiple steady solutions. This result is particularly relevant to the solar wind when momentum deposition occurs as a result of a rapidly diverging coronal hole geometry.
Chondrosarcoma of the uterus

Chondrosarcoma of the uterus is a rare tumor. The clinical and pathological features of a recent case are presented and the histogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of the heterologous sarcomas are discussed. The authors favor the theory of totipotential endometrial stromal cells for the histogenesis, and suggest that radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy continue to be used in addition to total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
THE IMPACT OF GALAXY FORMATION ON THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT OF GALAXY CLUSTERS

We study the effects of galaxy formation on the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) observable-mass relations using high-resolution cosmological simulations. The simulations of 11 individual clusters spanning a decade in mass are performed with the shock-capturing Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement N-body+gasdynamics ART code. To assess the impact of galaxy formation, we compare two sets of simulations performed in an adiabatic regime (without galaxy formation) with those with several physical processes critical to various aspects of galaxy formation: radiative cooling, star formation, stellar feedback, and metal enrichment. We show that a SZE signal integrated to a sufficiently large fraction of cluster volume correlates strongly with its enclosed mass, independent of details of gas physics and the dynamical state of the cluster. The slope and redshift evolution of the SZE flux-mass relation are also insensitive to processes of galaxy formation and are well characterized by a simple self-similar cluster model. Its normalization, on the other hand, is significantly affected by gas cooling and associated star formation. Our simulations show that inclusion of these processes suppresses the normalization by ≈30%-40%. The effect is due to a decrease in gas mass fraction, which is offset slightly by an increase in gas-mass-weighted temperature. Gas cooling and star formation also cause an increase in total mass and modify the normalization by a few percent. Finally, we compare the results of our simulations to recent observations of the SZE scaling relations obtained using 36 OVRO/BIMA SZE + Chandra X-ray observations. The comparison highlights the importance of galaxy formation in theoretical modeling of clusters and shows that the current generation of simulations produces clusters with gross properties quite similar to their observed counterparts.
Organic Farm Soil Improves Strawberry Growth But Does Not Diminish Spittlebug Damage

Soil microorganisms are central to the success of low-input agriculture. Among these microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are integral components of soil communities and are well known for facilitating nutrient uptake by plants. These root symbionts can alter tolerance and resistance of plants to pathogens, and there is mounting evidence that AMF can similarly affect plant-herbivore relations. A greenhouse experiment tested whether inoculation with soil containing AMF alters tolerance of strawberry plants to herbivory by a xylem-feeding insect, the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius. Commercially produced, bare-root ‘Ozark Beauty’ strawberry plants (a day-neutral cultivar) were inoculated with organic farm soil containing AMF spores or with AMF-free soil filtrate and subsequently challenged with one of five herbivore loads. Inoculation with soil increased survival, flowering, runner production, and root and shoot mass. Twenty-four days of spittlebug feeding reduced leaf mass but the negative im...