cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) and 3% mepivacaine in mandibular first molars.

Abstract Objective. This study compared the anesthetic efficacy of a primary intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3% mepivacaine in human mandibular first molars. Injection pain and healing postoperatively were also assessed for the intraosseous injection. Study design. With the use of a repeated-measures design, 42 subjects randomly received intraosseous injections of 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 1.8 ml of 3% mepivacaine in a double-blind manner at two successive appointments. The first molar and adjacent teeth were blindly tested with an electric pulp tester at 2-minute cycles for 60 minutes. Anesthetic success was defined as no subject response to the maximum output of the pulp tester (80 reading) for two consecutive readings. Results. Anesthetic success occurred in 74% of the first molars with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and in 45% with 3% mepivacaine. The difference was statistically significant (p Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the primary intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine is more successful and results in a longer duration of pulpal anesthesia as compared with 3% mepivacaine in noninflamed mandibular first molars. Most subjects reported no or mild pain during perforation and injection.
The far and distal enhancers in the CYP3A4 gene co-ordinate the proximal promoter in responding similarly to the pregnane X receptor but differentially to hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α

CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450 3A4) is involved in the metabolism of more than 50% of drugs and other xenobiotics. The expression of CYP3A4 is induced by many structurally dissimilar compounds. The PXR (pregnane X receptor) is recognized as a key regulator for the induction, and the PXR-directed transactivation of the CYP3A4 gene is achieved through a co-ordinated mechanism of the distal module with the proximal promoter. Recently, a far module was found to support constitutive expression of CYP3A4. The far module, like the distal module, is structurally clustered by a PXR response element (F-ER6) and elements recognized by HNF-4alpha (hepatocyte nuclear receptor-4alpha). We hypothesized that the far module supports PXR transactivation of the CYP3A4 gene. Consistent with the hypothesis, fusion of the far module to the proximal promoter of CYP3A4 markedly increased rifampicin-induced reporter activity. The increase was synergistically enhanced when both the far and distal modules were fused to the proximal promoter. The increase, however, was significantly reduced when the F-ER6 was disrupted. Chromatin immunoprecipitation detected the presence of PXR in the far module. Interestingly, HNF-4alpha increased the activity of the distal-proximal fused promoter, but decreased the activity of the far-proximal fused promoter. Given the fact that induction of CYP3A4 represents an important detoxification mechanism, the functional redundancy and synergistic interaction in supporting PXR transactivation suggest that the far and distal modules ensure the induction of CYP3A4 during chemical insults. The difference in responding to HNF-4alpha suggests that the magnitude of the induction is under control through various transcriptional networks.
Use of Recombinant Chymosin in the Manufacture of Cheddar and Colby Cheese

Abstract Recombinant chymosin purified from E. coli K12 (Genencor Inc.) was examined for its suitability to manufacture Cheddar cheese. Commercial calf rennet or recombinant chymosin with and without Bacillus subtilis cellular homogenate was used to determine if enzyme sources affected Cheddar cheese quality or yield. Cheese was evaluated at 3 and 6 mo of age. Purified enzyme was mixed with cellular extracts from B. subtilis at approximately one and four times the protein concentration in the initial homogenates. Cellular materials did not affect clot times, cheese quality, or inhibit cheese acid development. No differences were noted between the yields of Colby cheese manufactured with calf rennet and recombinant chymosin. Initial Cheddar cheese manufactured with recombinant chymosin were excessively bitter, typical of cheese retaining excessive amounts of proteases. Dilution of purified prochymosin preparations increased total enzymic activity 2.7 times. Evidently, the purified recombinant preparations contained some oligomers that became active after being incorporated into the cheese mass, causing bitter flavors to develop during aging. Diluted enzyme preparations were used successfully in the manufacture of Cheddar cheese.
Conjugacy invariants of Sl(2,H)

Abstract In this paper, we use the quaternionic formalism of Mobius transformations on R 4 to derive conjugacy invariants on Sl(2, H ) (and hence on PSl(2, H ) ). We then use these invariants to distinguish between the various conjugacy classes of PSl(2, H ) .
Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum.

Abstract : In one experiment, Sprague Dawley rats (16-21 days of gestation) and their offspring were exposed to 100-MHz (CW) electromagnetic radiation at 46 mW/sq cm (SAR 2.77 mW/g) for 4 h/day for 97 days. In another experiment, the pregnant rats were irradiated daily from 17 to 21 days of gestation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 10 mW/sq cm (SAR 2 mW/g) for 21 h/day. In a third experiment, 6-day-old rat pups were irradiated 7 h/day for five days with 2450-MHz radiation at 10 mW/sq cm. Equal numbers of animals were sham irradiated in each group. Quantitative studies of Purkinje cells showed a significant and irreversible decrease in rats irradiated during fetal or fetal and early postnatal life. In animals exposed postnatally, and euthanized immediately after irradiation, significant decrease in the relative number of Purkinje cells was apparent. However, restoration apparently occurred after forty days of recovery.
Estimating Dispersion Parameter of Negative Binomial Distribution for Analysis of Crash Data: Bootstrapped Maximum Likelihood Method

The objective of this study is to improve the estimation of the dispersion parameter of the negative binomial distribution for modeling motor vehicle collisions. The negative binomial distribution is widely used to model count data such as traffic crash data, which often exhibit low sample mean values and small sample sizes. Under such situations, the most commonly used methods for estimating the dispersion parameter—the method of moment and the maximum likelihood estimate—may become inaccurate and unstable. A bootstrapped maximum likelihood method is proposed to improve the estimation of the dispersion parameter. The proposed method combines the technique of bootstrap resampling with the maximum likelihood estimation method to obtain better estimates of the dispersion parameter. The performance of the bootstrapped maximum likelihood estimate is compared with the method of moment and the maximum likelihood estimates through Monte Carlo simulations. To validate the simulation results, the methods are appli...
Temporal sensitivities related to color theory

Sensitivities of color-normal observers to temporal variations in stimulus luminance and chromaticity were measured for sine-wave stimuli between 1.5 and 20 Hz. Clear differences were found in observers' sensitivities to isochromatic luminance variations and to isoluminous chromaticity variations for wavelength pairs selected to test temporal discriminability along the red-green and yellow-blue dimensions, respectively. Despite interobserver differences in individual red-green functions, a given observer's sensitivity could be described by a single curve shape specific to that observer. Overall sensitivity for yellow-blue was less than that for red-green for all observers. Differences in curve shape between red-green and yellow-blue functions are found for individual observers, but group averages reveal that the differences are not systematic. Red-green temporal sensitivity is largely unaffected by adapting backgrounds in red-green equilibrium but is attenuated at low frequencies by nonequilibrium backgrounds of the same luminance. Isochromatic luminance sensitivity is largely independent of our adapting backgrounds, but heterochromatic luminance modulation functions undergo expected changes in form.
On forming joint variables in computing with words

Abstract We discuss Zadeh’s idea of computing with words and emphasize its perspective that information provides a restriction on the values variables can assume. We describe the role that the constraint-based semantics plays in translating natural language statements into formal mathematical objects. One task that arises in using this approach is the formulation of joint restrictions on multiple variables from individual information about each of the variables. Our interest here is to extend the capability of the framework of computing with words in the task of forming joint variables with the introduction of the idea of perceived relatedness between variables, a concept closely related to the idea of correlation. We are particularly interested in role that knowledge about perceived relatedness between variables can play in further restricting the possible values of joint then that simple provided by the individual constraints. We look at the problem of joining various types of uncertain variables, possi...
Mathematical simulation of heating effects in a static diode-pumped vapor rubidium cell

Diode-pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) have attracted a lot of interests in the recent years because of their high Stokes efficiency, good beam quality, compact size, and near-infrared emission wavelengths. Until now, the thermal features have been only analyzed in an open alkali cell. In this report, we established a mathematical model to examine the heating effect of a static sealed rubidium cell by means of a Finite Difference (FD) procedure. After assuming the absorption coefficient of the alkali vapor, the temperature distributions of a real sealed rubidium vapor cell have been acquired for different powers and beam waists of the pump. The analytic conclusions would be helpful in designing a feasible DPAL.
Defining Genomic Islands and Uropathogen-Specific Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are responsible for the majority of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, which can present clinically as cystitis or pyelonephritis. UPEC strain CFT073, isolated from the blood of a patient with acute pyelonephritis, was most cytotoxic and most virulent in mice among our strain collection. Based on the genome sequence of CFT073, microarrays were utilized in comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of a panel of uropathogenic and fecal/commensal E. coli isolates. Genomic DNA from seven UPEC (three pyelonephritis and four cystitis) isolates and three fecal/commensal strains, including K-12 MG1655, was hybridized to the CFT073 microarray. The CFT073 genome contains 5,379 genes; CGH analysis revealed that 2,820 (52.4%) of these genes were common to all 11 E. coli strains, yet only 173 UPEC-specific genes were found by CGH to be present in all UPEC strains but in none of the fecal/commensal strains. When the sequences of three additional sequenced UPEC strains (UTI89, 536, and F11) and a commensal strain (HS) were added to the analysis, 131 genes present in all UPEC strains but in no fecal/commensal strains were identified. Seven previously unrecognized genomic islands (>30 kb) were delineated by CGH in addition to the three known pathogenicity islands. These genomic islands comprise 672 kb of the 5,231-kb (12.8%) genome, demonstrating the importance of horizontal transfer for UPEC and the mosaic structure of the genome. UPEC strains contain a greater number of iron acquisition systems than do fecal/commensal strains, which is reflective of the adaptation to the iron-limiting urinary tract environment. Each strain displayed distinct differences in the number and type of known virulence factors. The large number of hypothetical genes in the CFT073 genome, especially those shown to be UPEC specific, strongly suggests that many urovirulence factors remain uncharacterized.
Refining Conversational Case Libraries

Conversational case-based reasoning (CBR) shells (e.g., Inference's CBR Express) are commercially successful tools for supporting the development of help desk and related applications. In contrast to rule-based expert systems, they capture knowledge as cases rather than more problematic rules, and they can be incrementally extended. However, rather than eliminate the knowledge engineering bottleneck, they refocus it on case engineering, the task of carefully authoring cases according to library design guidelines to ensure good performance. Designing complex libraries according to these guidelines is difficult; software is needed to assist users with case authoring. We describe an approach for revising case libraries according to design guidelines, its implementation in Clire, and empirical results showing that, under some conditions, this approach can improve conversational CBR performance.
Older adults: clothing preferences for thermal comfort in cold weather

Escalating energy prices and widely publicized energy saving practices in the last decade have induced some older consumers to lower household temperatures during cold weather. Therefore, the effective manipulation of clothing warrants consideration in maintaining thermal body comfort. The purpose of this research was to determine the clothing preferences of elderly consumers indoors during cold weather. Four hundred and fifty questionnaires were administered at three locations. Results from the study revealed that comfort was the most significant factor in selecting warm clothing. Although the respondents had implemented the effective use of clothing to achieve thermal comfort, the use of supplemental heat, and control of thermostat setting for heat was more prevalent. Suggestions and recommendations are made for practitioners who would address the issues of clothing for thermal comfort and energy conservation.
How Does It End? Women Project the Outcome of a Sexual Assault Scenario.

Content and thematic analyses were used to examine women’s written responses to a hypothetical attempted sexual assault. A community sample (N = 371) participated in an experiment examining the effects of alcohol on sexual assault resistance. Women received a high-dose alcohol, low-dose alcohol, placebo, or control beverage and then projected themselves into a dating scenario culminating in an attempted sexual assault. Participants wrote their own endings to the story, which were analyzed qualitatively. Content analysis found that verbal and physical assertiveness were the most frequently described actions; calling out for help was less frequent. Three major themes emerged from story endings: gendered sexuality, interpersonal concerns, and empowerment. Findings included contrasting elements: Women’s projected outcomes to the sexual assault scenario involved both traditional and alternative sexual scripts. Results supported the position that the current social construction of heterosexuality plays a role in high acquaintance sexual assault rates. Implications for developing effective antirape programs and for sexual assault research are discussed.
Design considerations for the transformation of MINIX into a distributed operating system

MINIX is a version seven UNIX compatible operating system written for the Intel 8088 CPU and IBM-PC circuit package. MINIX is being transformed into a distributed operating system by adding four components to the basic operating system. These include an extended IPC service, network service manager, resource manager, and communication manager. Design considerations include a definition of Distributed Operating Systems (DOSs), a description of existing DOSs, a description of operating system architectural components which add DOS functionality, a plan for the placement of these components within the MINIX environment, an explanation of the types of DOS communication, and the implementation of DOS communication.
Evolutionary analysis of the Sub1 gene cluster that confers submergence tolerance to domesticated rice

Background and Aims Tolerance of complete submergence is recognized in a small number of accessions of domesticated Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and can be conferred by the Sub1A-1 gene of the polygenic Submergence-1 (Sub1) locus. In all O. sativa varieties, the Sub1 locus encodes the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) genes Sub1B and Sub1C. A third paralogous ERF gene, Sub1A, is limited to a subset of indica accessions. It is thought that O. sativa was domesticated from the gene pools of the wild perennial species O. rufipogon Griff. and/or the annual species O. nivara Sharma et Shastry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the orthologues of the Sub1 locus in the closest relatives of O. sativa to provide insight into the origin of the gene and allelic variation of the Sub1 locus.
Low-dose adjunctive spironolactone in the treatment of acne in women: a retrospective analysis of 85 consecutively treated patients.

Abstract Background: Despite advances in acne therapy in recent years, treatment failures are common, especially in adult women. Spironolactone, an established androgen receptor blocker, is successful in treating adult women with acne, but side effects are common at the doses reported in published studies to date. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect and tolerance of low doses of spironolactone used alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of acne in adult women. Methods: Records were reviewed from 85 women with acne treated consecutively with spironolactone 50 to 100 mg/day, administered either as single-drug therapy or as an adjunct to standard therapies. The maximum length of treatment was 24 months. Results: Clearing of acne occurred in 33% of patients treated with low doses of spironolactone; 33% had marked improvement, 27.4% showed partial improvement, and 7% showed no improvement. The treatment regimen was well tolerated, with 57.5% reporting no adverse effects. Conclusion: Spironolactone can be used in low doses as a single drug or as an adjunct to standard acne therapies in women with adult acne. When used in this fashion, treatment outcomes are favorable, and the drug is well tolerated. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:498–502.)
Nucleation and growth of cobalt films on NaCl. II. the effect of gaseous contamination

Contamination of the (001) cleavage surface of NaCl alters the growth characteristics of evaporated cobalt films while having no apparent effect on nucleation. Substrate contamination prevents recrystallization during the growth of discontinuous films, which ordinarily leads to epitaxy on a clean substrate, as well as recrystallization in continuous films, which under the proper conditions results in a polycrystalline film containing abnormally large (00.1) grains with a fibre texture. Continuous films grown on contaminated substrates are polycrystalline with grains in one of the four preferred orientations of the initial nuclei. The components of air in order of their effectiveness in inhibiting recrystallization are N2, CO2, H2O, and O2. Die Verunreinigung der (001)-Spaltflachen von NaCl andert die Wachstumscharakteristiken aufgedampfter Kobaltschichten, Wahrend sie auf die Keimbildung keinen wesentliehen Einflus ausubt. Substratverunreinigung verhindert sowohl die Rekristallisation wahrend des Wachsens der diskontinuierlichen Schichten, die gewohnlich zur Epitaxie auf einer reinen Oberflache fuhrt, als auch die Rekristallisation in kontinuierlichen Schichten, die unter richtigen Bedingungen eine polykristalline Schicht ergibt, die anomal grose (00.1)-Korner mit Fibertextur enthalt. Kontinuierliche Schichten auf verunreinigten Substraten sind polykristallin mit Domanen in einer der vier bevorzugten Orientierungen des ursprunglichen Keims. Die Behinderung der Rekristallisation durch die Bestandteile der Lutt nimmt in der Reihenfolge N2, CO2, H2O und O2 ab.
Experiencing Connection With Nature: The Matrix of Psychological Well-Being, Mindfulness, and Outdoor Recreation

Abstract Ecopsychological theory and practice underscore the vital importance of realizing the interdependence between human beings and the diverse living universes that they inhabit. This article focuses on the mental health implications of the shift toward a more ecologically rooted identity by examining relationships between psychological well-being and the personal experience of connection with nature. Three separate surveys conducted with undergraduate and community samples assessed relationships between the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS), psychological well-being, mindfulness, and outdoor recreation. Higher CNS scores were consistently associated with greater trait mindfulness, more participation in appreciative outdoor activities, and higher scores on multiple measures of both hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of psychological well-being. Discussion focuses on informing optimal strategies for nature-based interventions.
An investigation of the impact of technology scaling on power wasted as short-circuit current in low voltage static CMOS circuits

In this paper the effects of technology scaling on the fraction of active power P/sub a/ wasted as short-circuit power P/sub s/ are studied through SPICE simulations. The accuracy of SPICE is verified against experimental data. SPICE simulations show that lowering V/sub T/ below 0.1 V can increase P/sub s//P/sub a/ significantly beyond what is expected from increased subthreshold leakage. P/sub s//P/sub a/ is typically higher at higher V/sub cc/ but to first order P/sub s//P/sub a/ is determined by signal slew rates and V/sub T/. It is shown that the input slew rate is constrained by P/sub s//P/sub a/ at low V/sub T/ and by performance at higher V/sub T/. We show that P/sub s/ increases with increasing gate sheet resistance. A simple analytical model for this effect is verified against the experimental data and used to determine the gate sheet requirements to maintain Ps/Pa<10% for sub-0.25 /spl mu/m technologies.
The long-duration response to levodopa: Phenomenology, potential mechanisms and clinical implications

The antiparkinsonian response to levodopa is characterized by an immediate motor improvement lasting hours and a more sustained response lasting days. These two responses have been referred to as the short-duration response (SDR) and the long-duration response (LDR). The LDR represents a substantial component of the clinical effect of levodopa and has been clinically recognized for several decades, but it remains poorly understood. This review will focus on the LDR phenomenology and theories about its origin, with the goal of promoting inquiry into this important but as yet poorly understood aspect of levodopa therapy for PD.
The septal motor of biventricular function

This paper describes the anatomic spiral arrangement of the cardiac interventricular septum that results in a twisting action that contributes to the forceful ejection of blood from both ventricles during systole. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction seen in various clinical settings is discussed with reference to the septum and its mechanism of function. The role of the septum in the interdependence of ventricular function is described. The structure/function relationships of the septum are related to maintenance of its oblique fiber orientation and midline configuration; disruption of this spatial relationship is the lynchpin of the concept that 'left heart failure begets right heart failure.' The importance of recognizing how alterations in septal anatomy affect biventricular performance is related to improved understanding of the clinical manifestations of septal dysfunction, designing a management scheme, and determining how to prevent septal injury.
Live Pups from Evaporatively Dried Mouse Sperm Stored at Ambient Temperature for up to 2 Years

The purpose of this study is to develop a mouse sperm preservation method based on evaporative drying. Mouse sperm were evaporatively dried and stored at 4°C and ambient temperature for 3 months to 2 years. Upon rehydration, a single sperm was injected into a mature oocyte to develop into a blastocyst after culture or a live birth after embryo transfer to a recipient female. For the samples stored at 4°C for 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, the blastocyst formation rate was 61.5%, 49.1%, 31.5%, 32.2%, and 41.4%, respectively. The blastocyst rate for those stored at ambient temperature (∼22°C) for 3, 6, 12, and 18 months was 57.8%, 36.2%, 33.6%, and 34.4%, respectively. Fifteen, eight and three live pups were produced from sperm stored at room temperature for 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. This is the first report of live offspring produced from dried mouse sperm stored at ambient temperature for up to 2 years. Based on these results, we suggest that evaporative drying is a potentially useful method for the routine preservation of mouse sperm.
Anisotropic effects in thermogravimetry of polymeric composites

The weight loss of carbon fiber-reinforced polymeric composites in air has been found to depend on the sample surface characteristics such as fiber orientation with respect to the exposed surfaces. This phenomenon can be attributed to the diffusion of oxygen through the sample and the dependence of diffusion rate on fiber orientation. Recently, an anisotropic degradation methodolgy was proposed, based on the unreactedcore principle, commonly used in catalysis, as extended to account for the anisotropic effects. In this work, these anisotropic diffusion effects were also identified for small thermogravimetric (TGA) samples. Isothermal TGA experiments were performed in air at 310°C using samples weighing 10–163mg. Weight loss was found to be a strong function of fiber orientation. The anisotropic degradation methodology successfully predicted the weight loss of all samples, although some deviation attributed to the sample edge effects was observed. When samples were examined by optical microscopy, a degraded zone was observed on the sample surfaces. The thickness of this layer depended on the type of exposed surface, validating the anisotropic degradation methodology. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Carcinogen regulation: risk characteristics and the synthetic risk bias.

Why does the government regulate different kinds of risks? Economists usually trace the motivation for the regulation to the existence of some form of market failure. In such instances, it will be desirable to regulate substances for which the benefits of the regulation exceed the costs, which will potentially be the case if there is some inadequacy in the market. The restrictive legislative mandates of regulatory agencies in some cases prohibit basing regulations on a balancing of benefits and costs, and at the very least, seldom encourage such balancing.1 As a result, one would expect the benefits of regulatory efforts to play a greater role in regulatory decisions than do the costs.2 This pattern is exemplified by the high implicit values per statistical life that have been observed for U.S. regulatory efforts.3 Regulatory agencies consequently tend to be risk-oriented in their policy approach. What this characterization neglects is that, even within the context of emphasizing risks, regulatory agencies may not be making balanced decisions. The risk level consists of two principal components, the probability of an adverse outcome and the number of people affected. The probability depends on the potency of the exposure, the frequency of the exposure, and similar kinds of parameters. Regulatory agencies are generally concerned with the risk, particularly with respect to the potency of the chemicals. In contrast, the number of people exposed to the risk plays a much less prominent role in regulatory decisions. The standard regulatory policy trigger is typically linked to a probability of an adverse outcome as opposed to an expected body count. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund program is a case in point. In that effort, the focus is on the risks posed by different pathways by which populations could be exposed to the hazard. In the course of the detailed policy analysis prepared for each Superfund site, EPA never assesses the size of the population exposed to the risk. Moreover, there is not even an assessment of the probability that a future population will be exposed to the risk. The presence of a risk with a potential exposure to a future population is sufficient to trigger government action. Extrapolation from this experience to other instances would lead one to expect that the probability of cancer or some other adverse health outcome would be the driving force behind regulatory decisions. However, even this characterization may be overly broad. In this paper, I will explore the decision to regulate natural and synthetic chemicals. To what extent are regulatory decisions driven by the severity of the risk as opposed to the character of the risk exposure? The striking result is that the risk severity Dlavs a very small role. Instead. tDiscussants: Maureen Cropper, World Bank; Don Kenkel, Pennsylvania State University; Tyler Cowen, George Mason University.
Posttraumatic aneurysms of the hand

Aneurysms should be suspected in patients with a mass in the hand following either open or closed trauma. Posttraumatic aneurysms are classified as true or false. False aneurysms usually result from penetrating trauma and can occur in any disrupted vessel. In contrast, true aneurysms usually occur in either the thenar or hypothenar eminence a few weeks following closed hand injuries. Pulsations may be evident. Symptoms are coolness or paresthesia of the digits and dull pain aggravated by exercise. A posltive Allen's test is a helpful confirmatory sign in diagnosis. Treatment is surgical with resection of the aneurysm and primary anastomosis or vein graft when possible.
Expressions for the formation of load casts in soft sediment

ABSTRACT A simple equation predicting the dimensions of sediment load casts is obtained from the fluid-mechanics literature. The equation relates the density and viscosity of the upper and lower sedimentary materials to the size of the expected load cast. These results are extended to predicting load cast size as a function of median grain size and sediment concentration, which are of more utility in geological studies. The results are based on the assumption of Newtonian fluid behavior, and predict load cast dimensions of less than 10 cm for a wide range of sediment conditions. It is hypothesized that although the results are of the correct order of magnitude, non-Newtonian rheologic properties are important to load cast formation given the common occurrence of load casts larger than those pr dicted.
Forecasting with prediction intervals for periodic autoregressive moving average models

Periodic autoregressive moving average (PARMA) models are indicated for time series whose mean, variance and covariance function vary with the season. In this study, we develop and implement forecasting procedures for PARMA models. Forecasts are developed using the innovations algorithm, along with an idea of Ansley. A formula for the asymptotic error variance is provided, so that Gaussian prediction intervals can be computed. Finally, an application to monthly river flow forecasting is given, to illustrate the method.
Adding Risks: Samuelson's Fallacy of Large Numbers Revisited

Samuelson called accepting a sequence of independent positive mean bets that are individually unacceptable a fallacy of large numbers, and subsequent researchers have extended Samueison's condition on utility functions to assure that they would not allow this fallacy. By contrast, some behavioralists, arguing the merits of diversification, believe that it is simply wrong headed to refuse a long series of independent "good" bets out of a misguided faith in expected utility theory. Contrary to what one might infer from the literature, this paper shows that accepting sequences of good bets is both consistent with expected utility theory and quite usual,
Situational and emotional influences on the acceptability of wolf management actions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Emotions play a key role in our experiences with and our responses to wildlife. We examined the effectiveness of situational and emotional variables in predicting acceptability of management actions for wolves (Canis lupus) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. We advanced 3 hypotheses: 1) both situational and emotional variables will influence acceptability ratings; 2) emotions will explain the largest proportion of variance for the lethal management action; and 3) this pattern of findings will be the same for residents and visitors of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We obtained our data from a survey of residents living near Jackson, Wyoming (n = 604, response rate = 51%) and a survey of visitors to Grand Teton National Park (n = 596, response rate = 81%). We included 2 situational variables (i.e., location of encounter, wolf status) and 3 emotional variables (i.e., sympathy for ranchers, sympathy for wolves, anger about wolves) as independent variables. The dependent variables were acceptability ratings of non-lethal and lethal management actions. Regression analyses supported all 3 hypotheses. For both groups, situational variables accounted for between 1% and 8% of the variance in acceptability of non-lethal management actions, while emotions explained between 3% and 20%. For the lethal management action, situational variables predicted between 3% and 5% of the variance in acceptability ratings, while emotions accounted for between 41% and 49%. Although debates regarding the status of wolves are likely to continue, these findings highlight the role emotion plays in evaluating the acceptability of management actions. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
The formation of abstracts by the selection of sentences. Part I. Sentence selection by men and machines

Auto-abstracting techniques based on high-frequency words show an extremely small variation among themselves in the selection of sentences to form abstracts. Human selection of sentences, although less variable than chance expectancy, is considerably more variable than the machine methods. There was very little agreement between the subjects and machine methods in their selection of representative sentences.
Quantization effect on phase response and its application to multiplierless ANC

Adaptive filtering is a widely used technique in active noise control (ANC). In order to make the adaptive filter in an FXLMS (filtered-x LMS) ANC system stable, the reference signal must pass through an estimation filter whose phase response is within /spl plusmn/90/spl deg/ of the phase of the secondary path. In this paper, we study the quantization effects on the filter phase response and the relationship between the phase response and the location of the zeros and poles. In addition, we propose a filter structure and nonuniform quantization method in which we quantize the filter coefficients so they each contain a small number of nonzero bits, based on the distance of the zeros/poles to the unit circle, to guarantee that the /spl plusmn/90/spl deg/ allowable phase deviation is met - greatly reducing the implementation cost. We combine these ideas with that of multiplierless implementations of adaptive FIR filters to realize an efficient active noise control using field programmable gate arrays or other digital hardware.
A Dynamical Approach to Temporal Pattern Processing

Recognizing patterns with temporal context is important for such tasks as speech recognition, motion detection and signature verification. We propose an architecture in which time serves as its own representation, and temporal context is encoded in the state of the nodes. We contrast this with the approach of replicating portions of the architecture to represent time. As one example of these ideas, we demonstrate an architecture with capacitive inputs serving as temporal feature detectors in an otherwise standard back propagation model. Experiments involving motion detection and word discrimination serve to illustrate novel features of the system. Finally, we discuss possible extensions of the architecture.
Genetic differences in growth of an invasive tree species

Invasive plants are often more vigorous in their introduced ranges than in their native ranges. This may reflect an innate superiority of plants from some habitats or an escape from their enemies. Another hypothesis proposes that invasive plants evolve increased competitive ability in their introduced range. We present the results of a 14-year common garden experiment with the Chinese Tallow Tree (Sapium sebiferum) from its native range (Asia), place of introduction to North America (Georgia) and areas colonized a century later (Louisiana and Texas). Invasive genotypes, especially those from recently colonized areas, were larger than native genotypes and more likely to produce seeds but had lower quality, poorly defended leaves. Our results demonstrate significant post-invasion genetic differences in an invasive plant species. Post
DISPLACING DHIMMI , MAINTAINING HOPE: UNTHINKABLE COPTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF FATIMID EGYPT

It is a strange interaction that occurs between Muslim and Copt in the passage above, which was written in the 11th century and set in the 10th century. What might be proven by such a debate over a dog's religion? What is more, why record such an incident in a church-sanctioned history? Because the dog cannot speak, there must be another way to know whether it is Christian or Muslim (for those are the only two possibilities in the story). In the end it is through the dog's ritual practice—drinking wine or eating meat or not drinking wine or not eating meat—rather than through the dog's outward proclamation of religious affiliation that the Copt and the Muslim come to an agreement about what distinguishes one from the other. Ritual practice, action such as abstinence from meat or alcohol that demonstrates adherence to particular religious ideas, distinguishes Copt from Muslim even in the absence of a shared spoken language to communicate that difference. Copts and Muslims in Egypt, the story teaches, are different, and they may be distinguished even by something as minor as their food and drink.
The Power of Language and Labels: “The Mentally Ill” Versus “People With Mental Illnesses”

Undergraduate students (N = 221), adults in a community sample (N = 211), and professional counselors and counselors-in-training (N = 269) were given a measure of tolerance. Within each sample, half of the participants were given a version that used the term "the mentally ill" and half were given a version that used the term "people with mental illnesses." Individuals receiving the version with the term "the mentally ill" had lower levels of tolerance. Professional counselors had the largest differences in tolerance on the basis of language. Keywords: individuals with mental illnesses;the mentally ill;tolerance;stigma;labeling Language: en
Capture and fission with DANCE and NEUANCE

A summary of the current and future experimental program at DANCE is presented. Measurements of neutron capture cross sections are planned for many actinide isotopes with the goal to reduce the present uncertainties in nuclear data libraries. Detailed studies of capture gamma rays in the neutron resonance region will be performed in order to derive correlated data on the de-excitation of the compound nucleus. New approaches on how to remove the DANCE detector response from experimental data and retain the correlations between the cascade gamma rays are presented. Studies on 235U are focused on quantifying the population of short-lived isomeric states in 236U after neutron capture. For this purpose, a new neutron detector array NEUANCE is under construction. It will be installed in the central cavity of the DANCE array and enable the highly efficient tagging of fission and capture events. In addition, developments of fission fragment detectors are also underway to expand DANCE capabilities to measurements of fully correlated data on fission observables.
The Use of Humor in Family Therapy: Rationale and Applications

ABSTRACTHumor and its historical presence in therapy is defined and examined through a review of the available literature. This article underlines various applications for humor in forming the alliance, delivering interventions, and assessment, particularly when working with family systems, dyadic relationships, or children clientele. Implications for the inappropriate use of humor, including the need for multicultural awareness, are presented.
Quality Learning Experiences, Self-Determination, and Academic Success A Path Analytic Study Among Youth With Disabilities

Although fostering self-determination has emerged as a central element of recommended and evidence-based transition practices for adolescents with disabilities, few studies have examined the paths ...
Discussion about 34 typical problem cases of label of chemical drugs and biological product

Thirty-four typical cases violating regulation or criterion were collected from hundreds of labeling proof for registering chemical drugs or biological products.Problems of every case were discussed and errors thereinto were indicated.It is hoped to help to write label and to improve the quality of the label.
Towards Identifying Potential Research Collaborations from Scientific Research Networks using Scholarly Data

Identifying research areas of researchers is a difficult task because of the various levels of abstraction in which information may be stored; however, such a task is essential for detecting potential research collaborations within an institution. This work describes an approach to create a scientific research network with topics identified from the researchers' scholarly data and relations between topics by analyzing data harvested from digital libraries and queries to domain ontologies. The relations are used to connect the researchers. Such networks have the potential for revealing the synergy between different topics and researchers within an institution. It will also show less explored research areas that can be targeted for further study. The poster will describe the approach and how it was applied to a biomedical domain at the university.
Differential expression of LKB1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer in never-smokers.

8032 Background: KRAS mutation is the most common oncogenic alteration in lung adenocarcinoma and is detected in smokers and up to 15% of never smokers. The tumor suppressor LKB1 is commonly mutate...
Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Noncanonical Guanine Nucleobases on Graphene

Self-assembly characterizes the fundamental basis toward realizing the formation of highly ordered hierarchical heterostructures. A systematic approach toward the supramolecular self-assembly of free-standing guanine nucleobases and the role of graphene as a substrate in directing the monolayer assembly are investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the free-standing bases in gas phase aggregate into clusters dominated by intermolecular H-bonds, whereas in solvent, substantial screening of intermolecular interactions results in π-stacked configurations. Interestingly, graphene facilitates the monolayer assembly of the bases mediated through the base–substrate π–π stacking. The bases assemble in a highly compact network in gas phase, whereas in solvent, a high degree of immobilization is attributed to the disruption of intermolecular interactions. Graphene-induced stabilization/aggregation of free-standing guanine bases appears as one of the prerequisites governing molecular orderin...
Leadership geht jeden etwas an: Bausteine wertschätzender Führung

Leadership war bis in die 1980er Jahre des vergangenen Jahrhunderts ein wenig beachtetes Thema. Alle wichtigen wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen kamen zu dem Schluss, dass der Erfolg eines Unternehmens nur zu einem geringen Teil von Fuhrungskraften bestimmt wird. Stattdessen war man sich sicher, dass Branche und Geschichte eines Unternehmens die masgeblichen Faktoren fur das langfristige Uberleben einer Firma darstellen.
Top 10 Drugs Most Commonly Used for GI Motility Disorders

Disorders of gastrointestinal motility are among the most common and difficult clinical problems faced by practicing gastroenterologists. The purpose of this chapter is to review currently available drugs for the treatment of these conditions. Structures involved include the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. Atypical chest pain can arise from diffuse esophageal spasm and is treated with calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and other antispasm drugs such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Gastroparesis is managed with prokinetics although the need for new therapies is clear. Irritable bowel syndrome affects up to 30% of the population with anticholinergics and multiple new drugs improving patient outcomes. A new indication for drug therapy is opiate-induced constipation. Fortunately, given the complexity of motility problems, this is a field of rapid advancement with multiple new drugs in the pipeline.
Ice versus liquid water saturation in simulations of the Indian summer monsoon

At the same temperature, below 0 °C, the saturation vapor pressure (SVP) over ice is slightly less than the SVP over liquid water. Numerical models use the Clausius–Clapeyron relation to calculate the SVP and relative humidity, but there is not a consistent method for the treatment of saturation above the freezing level where ice and mixed-phase clouds may be present. In the context of current challenges presented by cloud microphysics in climate models, we argue that a better understanding of the impact that this treatment has on saturation-related processes like cloud formation and precipitation, is needed. This study explores the importance of the SVP calculation through model simulations of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) using the regional spectral model (RSM) at 15 km grid spacing. A combination of seasonal and multiyear simulations is conducted with two saturation parameterizations. In one, the SVP over liquid water is prescribed through the entire atmospheric column (woIce), and in another the SVP over ice is used above the freezing level (wIce). When SVP over ice is prescribed, a thermodynamic drying of the middle and upper troposphere above the freezing level occurs due to increased condensation. In the wIce runs, the model responds to the slight decrease in the saturation condition by increasing, relative to the SVP over liquid water only run, grid-scale condensation of water. Increased grid-scale mean seasonal precipitation is noted across the ISM region in the simulation with SVP over ice prescribed. Modification of the middle and upper troposphere moisture results in a decrease in mean seasonal mid-level cloud amount and an increase in high cloud amount when SVP over ice is prescribed. Multiyear simulations strongly corroborate the qualitative results found in the seasonal simulations regarding the impact of ice versus liquid water SVP on the ISM’s mean precipitation and moisture field. The mean seasonal rainfall difference over All India between wIce and woIce is around 10% of the observed interannual variability of seasonal All India rainfall.