cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Animals in advertising: Love dogs? Love the ad!

Abstract Advertisers frequently use animals in ads, but little academic research focuses on consumer reactions to their use. This study uses the heuristic–systematic model (HSM) to examine consumer response to animal companions in advertisements. Specifically, HSM serves as the theoretical foundation for testing the effects of animal heuristic cues on the formation of attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, and purchase intention. In the current study, the presence of the dog increases heuristic processing, concurrent processing, and ultimately attitude toward the ad. The article proposes managerial implications and avenues for future research.
Safety of colon contrast material in (helical) CT examination of patients with suspected diverticulitis

Purpose: Today patients with suspected diverticulitis are commonly imaged with a CT scan utilizing a variety of methods of contrast medium administration. Although CT with rectally administered colon contrast has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy, concerns have been raised over its safety in patients with diverticulitis. The following retrospective investigation was undertaken to answer this concern. Materials and methods: Between January, 1997, and July, 1999, 308 patients with suspected diverticulitis were examined in the Emergency Radiology Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital by means of a helical CT scan performed with rectally administered colon contrast material. The patients' CT findings were correlated with their clinical courses and/or surgical findings. Results: Of the 308 CT scans, 115 (37.3 %) were positive for diverticulitis. Of 193 patients without diverticulitis, 91 (47.1 % of patients without diverticulitis) had alternative diagnoses made by CT, such as small bowel obstruction, epiploic appendagitis, and urinary tract calculi. No complications due to colon contrast material were noted. Even in cases where there was free extraluminal air, no extravasated contrast material was seen. Rectally administered colon contrast was well tolerated by patients and provided excellent large bowel opacification. This method saved imaging time in an emergency setting, as there was no need to wait for oral contrast to reach the colon. Conclusion: Out of 308 CT scans, there were no complications from the use of rectally administered colon contrast material. No case of traumatic bowel perforation secondary to colon contrast material was observed. Rectally administered colon contrast material is safe in the CT examination of patients with suspected diverticulitis.
Perceptual Training of Phoneme Identification for Hearing Loss

Synaptic connections in the auditory system change throughout life in response to the changing acoustic environment. These changes help to compensate for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and the consequent impairment of high-frequency hearing by enhancing the efficiency of synaptic transmission of low-frequency signals. They also help to compensate for the inevitable deterioration in the central auditory system that occurs with normal aging even without clinically significant hearing loss. However, in many cases the neuroplastic changes are insufficient to maintain optimal speech comprehension. Indeed, the enhanced transmission of low-frequency phonetic cues that occurs with longstanding SNHL may interfere with a patient's ability to use the high-frequency phonetic cues that are restored by hearing aids. Adaptive perceptual training using tasks that require high-frequency phonetic cue processing can drive neuroplastic change in auditory cortex to improve speech discrimination. The authors tested the benefits of at-home personal computer-based phoneme identification training in new hearing aid (HA) users and found that it produced significant benefit in phoneme identification by reducing phonetic confusions and enhancing the patient's abilities to identify previously difficult syllables. Perceptual training is a promising and cost-effective tool for enhancing speech perception in HA users who have difficulty in understanding everyday speech.
Exposure of employees to manmade vitreous fibers: Installation of insulation materials

Abstract Worker exposure to manmade vitreous fibers during installation of insulation material was measured. Data were collected in a housing complex, a number of commercial and residential buildings under construction, and two aircraft insulation facilities. The average exposure of workers for all applications, except attic thermal insulation blowing operations and the aircraft insulation fabrication operations, was in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 fiber per milliliter. The average exposure of the blowing operations was in the range of 0.12 to 5.3 fibers per milliliter, and for the aircraft insulation fabrication operations the range was 0.02 to 0.56 fiber per milliliter. The fraction of airborne fibers less than 1 μm in diameter and longer than 5 μm in all applications except blowing operations and aircraft insulation fabrication was in the range of 5.7 to 38.5%; blowing operations were in the range of 20.5 to 54.8% and aircraft insulation fabrication operations were in the range of 33.9 to 90.7%. For the same three classifications, the respirable fraction of airborne fibers (diameters less than 3 μm ranged from 55 to 87%, 44 to 92%, and 94 to 99%, respectively.
An anticipatory fuzzy logic controller utilizing neural net prediction

The goal of this project was to evaluate control fuzzy logic for applicability to con trol of flexible structures. This was done by applying these methods to control of the Control Structures Interaction Suitcase Demonstrator developed at Marshall Space Flight Center. Both traditional and new anticipatory fuzzy logic schemes were applied to the system, and results were compared to that of the system with a standard Linear Quadratic Regulator as a controller. In order to perform the state prediction necessary to the anticipatory fuzzy logic controller, a neural network was trained to emulate the behavior of the system, based on input-output data for the system. Behavior of the controllers was compared under ideal conditions, under noisy conditions, and with randomly chosen state parameters perturbed by + or-50%. Fuzzy systems demonstrated robustness to added noise and to changes in plant parameters; the anticipatory fuzzy system exhibited superior performance when compared to both traditional fuzzy and LQR...
The triplane fracture of the distal tibial epiphysis in children

Two cases of triplane fracture of the ankle in children are presented. Both patients were treated conservatively with good results. The typical age incidence and difficulties in establishing the diagnosis by X-ray examination are discussed. Closed reduction and plaster immobilization is recommended. Only if joint congruity cannot be restored is operative treatment required.
Sedimentation and climatic patterns in the Santa Barbara Basin during the 19th and 20th centuries

The thickness of annual sediment laminations in the Santa Barbara Basin is compared to southern California drought-resistant tree growth and to regional indices of rainfall and temperature. The rate of sedimentation was found to be independent of temperature, but it is highly correlated with rainfall and tree growth. We suggest that sedimentation, like tree growth, is a function of the amount of rainfall in the prior seasons as well as the current season. The natural filter displayed by the sedimentation and tree-growth records can be described by a simple mathematical model which, in the case of sedimentation, can be related to upstream aggradation or to distributional processes on the shelf. The pair of laminae that constitute a single year9s sediment accumulation are directly related. This suggests that the process of detrital sediment delay and redistribution operates primarily in the marine environment. The density difference that distinguishes “winter” laminae and “summer” laminae is ascribed to the interaction of the seasonal rate of deposition and the growth of a mat-forming organism endemic to the surface sediment of the Santa Barbara Basin.
Frequency Estimation of 2-D Sinusoids from Very Limited Data

A novel algorithm for estimating the frequencies of nearly maximum number (as bounded by the number of equations vs. unknowns) of 2-D sinusoids is described. The method is parametric model based and therefore it is not Fourier resolution limited. It utilizes redundant data in a least squares manner, therefore is quite robust and approaches asymptotic efficiency relatively fast. Finally, it is computationally affordable and does not require 2-D polynomial rooting. A numerical example of retrieving 12 2-D sinusoids from a 6times5 grid is demonstrated
Comparison of Molecular and Biological Characteristics of a Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV), the Parent Strain of the Vaccine (ATCC VR2332), ATCC VR2385, and Two Recent Field Isolates of PRRSV

The objectives of this study were to compare the molecular and biological characteristics of recent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field isolates to those of a modified live virus (MLV) PRRS vaccine and its parent strain. One hundred seventeen, 4-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to six groups. Group 1 (n = 20) served as sham-inoculated negative controls, group 2 (n = 19) was inoculated with Ingelvac PRRS MLV vaccine, group 3 (n = 20) was inoculated with the parent strain of the vaccine (ATCC VR2332), group 4 (n = 19) was inoculated with vaccine-like PRRSV field isolate 98-38803, group 5 (n = 19) was inoculated with PRRSV field isolate 98-37120, and group 6 (n = 20) was inoculated with known high-virulence PRRSV isolate ATCC VR2385. The levels of severity of gross lung lesions (0 to 100%) among the groups were significantly different at both 10 (P < 0.0001) and 28 days postinoculation (p.i.) (P = 0.002). At 10 days p.i., VR2332 (26.5% +/- 4.64%) and VR2385 (36.4% +/- 6.51%) induced gross lesions of significantly greater severity than 98-38803 (0.0% +/- 0.0%), 98-37120 (0.8% +/- 0.42%), Ingelvac PRRS MLV (0.9% +/- 0.46%), and negative controls (2.3% +/- 1.26%). At 28 days p.i., 98-37120 (17.2% +/- 6.51%) induced gross lesions of significantly greater severity than any of the other viruses. Analyses of the microscopic-interstitial-pneumonia-lesion scores (0 to 6) revealed that VR2332 (2.9 +/- 0.23) and VR2385 (3.1 +/- 0.35) induced significantly more severe lesions at 10 days p.i. At 28 days p.i., VR2385 (2.5 +/- 0.27), VR2332 (2.3 +/- 0.21), 98-38803 (2.6 +/- 0.29), and 98-37120 (3.0 +/- 0.41) induced significantly more severe lesions than Ingelvac PRRS MLV (0.7 +/- 0.17) and controls (0.7 +/- 0.15). The molecular analyses and biological characterizations suggest that the vaccine-like isolate 98-38803 (99.5% amino acid homology based on the ORF5 gene) induces microscopic pneumonia lesions similar in type to, but different in severity and time of onset from, those observed with virulent strains VR2385 and the parent strain of the vaccine. Our data strongly suggest that isolate 98-38803 is a derivative of Ingelvac PRRS MLV and that the isolate is pneumovirulent.
Feasibility study of sub-65nm contact/hole patterning

In 65nm and beyond generations, contact/via patterning is more challenging due to the complexity of manufacturing masks and the weak lithography process window. High NA scanners and suitable illumination can provide the desired resolution and dense pitch. However, there are trade-offs between process window, mask error enhancement factor (MEEF), and proximity effect. Some assistant technology is reported in literature, such as thermal flow, RELACS, SAFIER and sub-resolution assistant features. In this paper, we report a detailed study of the feasibility and limitations of these kinds of methods. Finally, we describe sub-resolution assistant features when used in QUASAR illumination with lower sigma, which have shown great promise to reduce the proximity effect and MEEF to get a larger lithography process window.
Current Treatment Strategies for Clozapine-Induced Sialorrhea

Objective:To provide an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and current treatment options for clozapine-induced sialorrhea.Data Sources:Literature was retrieved through MEDLINE (1977-February 2011) using the key search terms clozapine, sialorrhea, hypersalivation, drooling, and treatment. In addition, reference citations from identified publications were reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All articles published in English identified from the data source were evaluated and included in the review.Data Synthesis:Sialorrhea is a common and disabling adverse effect of clozapine use. Current treatment options include topical and oral antimuscarinic medications and α-adrenergic agents. New areas of investigation include glycopyrrolate, botulinum toxin, and substitute benzamide derivatives. Thirteen clinical trials (2 retrospective, 5 open-label, 6 double-blind) and 13 case reports were reviewed. Overall, there are weak data on use of antimuscarinic agents, consisting mostly of small open-la...
Educational Research in the Internet Age: Examining the Role of Individual Characteristics

The use of the Web and other computer-based technologies in classrooms has become quite prevalent. Previous Research News and Comment discussions have presented the opportunities for research and practice that accompany these relatively new tools for classrooms. This article presents a perspective that has garnered less attention in discussions of these new learning environments—learner characteristics. Contemporary theories in educational psychology present important implications for learning in this new environment. This article will address two learner characteristics deemed important in mainstream educational psychology literature, epistemological beliefs and self-regulatory skills. Following the lead of previous articles, this article will also address the implications for access to education and learning.
Monsters and victims: Male felons’ accounts of intimate partner violence

Previous research on men who commit intimate partner violence has addressed two questions: (1) how can researchers and clinicians classify men’s accounts of intimate partner violence?, and (2) do men who engage in intimate partner violence subscribe to particular codes of manhood? The present study linked these two questions by asking how men account for their own intimate partner violence and how their accounts draw upon understandings of manhood. Grounded theory analysis of interviews with 22 incarcerated men identified three categories of themes in participants’ accounts of intimate partner violence: justifications (‘she disrespected me as a man;’ ‘a man has a right to control his woman;’ ‘she provoked me;’ ‘she took it’); dissociations (‘I am not the abusive type;’ ‘my violence was limited, and abusers don’t limit their abuse’); and remorse (‘I regret I abused her’). Divergence among these representations of violent men’s reasons for violence and previous typologies reflects this study’s focus on insi...
An Improved Staining Method for Rat Microglial Cells Using the Lectin from Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA I-B4)

A simple method for the lectin histochemical visualization of rat microglial cells is described. Advantages include ease of fixation of brain tissue using paraformaldehyde, and rapidity of tissue processing by vibratome sectioning. Furthermore, in addition to providing good structural preservation, the method achieves improved lectin binding, resulting in complete labeling of all microglial cells and in superior visualization of cellular processes. The lectin histochemical technique for rat microglia has the potential to be adapted to any mammalian species, and should prove valuable for neuroscientists interested in studying this glial cell type.
Multimodal Psychoanalytically Informed Aid Work with Children Traumatized by the Chechen War

As demonstrated in three cases, this paper illustrates how psychoanalytically informed multimodal care was an essential element of effective medical treatment of children traumatized by the Chechen war. Multimodal psychoanalytically informed aid work involves holding a variety of psychoanalytic viewpoints, including but not restricted to those represented by the Freudian, Interpersonal, and Relational orientations; its purpose is to allow for greater clarity in conceptualizing the traumatized child's response to war in order to provide the necessary care during the therapeutic process. Among the issues addressed are how traumatic memory can initially be expressed nonverbally, and therefore the use of embodied life-metaphors and witnessing are central to the survivors' ability to remember and symbolize. In addition, the significance of cultural awareness and sensitivity are explored as key components to the children's care. In the first case, the author illustrates how a traumatic life-metaphor can be resolved at an embodied, rather than an exclusively verbal, level. In the second case, cultural tradition and relativism have a significant impact on addressing medical and quality of life issues for the child. The third case illustrates how the analyst functions as recognizing witness to a parent's trauma; the "being with" of the relationship becomes the agent of the parent's change.
A literature review of nursing turnover costs

Aim To report the findings of a literature review of studies examining nursing staff turnover costs published between 1990 and 2010. Background Nurse turnover is a global concern that is both costly for health-care organizations and, in the context of the work environment, affects quality and safety. Evaluation We reviewed past literature and describe the conceptualization of nurse turnover, evaluate the methodologies and calculation of costs, identify the reported range of turnover costs and provide suggestions for future study. Key issues We report inconsistencies in past studies in terms of the conceptualization and measurement of nurse turnover and turnover rates, the methodologies for gathering data and the data sources used, the approaches for calculating turnover costs and the resulting nursing staff turnover costs estimated. Conclusion Past studies reached different conclusions about nurse turnover. We still need to explore the actual costs and benefits of nurse turnover and retention. Implications for nursing management This study should be helpful for nurse executives as they build a business case to address nurse turnover in their organizations, and for policy-makers as they develop policies about turnover.
Procedural Justice and Personality Testing: An Examination of Concern and Typical

Research in selection examines how organizational justice principles may influence applicants’ reactions to selection procedures. This article extends this research by examining how two aspects of procedures—interpersonal treatment and social comparison information—affect reactions to a personality testing. The results of two studies demonstrate that interpersonal treatment (expression of concern for applicants’ feelings) and social comparison information (description of testing as either typical or experimental) interact to affect test-takers’ reactions. When concern was expressed and personality testing was described as typical, individuals responded less positively. However, when no concern was expressed, evaluations were more positive when testing was described as typical. The implications for organizational justice research and selection research are discussed.
Time modulation of spike-and-wave activity in generalized epilepsy.

Nineteen patients, aged 4 to 44 years, with generalized epilepsy and generalized 3 Hz spike-and-wave activity, were monitored for 24 or 36 hours on one to nine occasions to determine the time distribution of ictal and interictal electroencephalographic discharges and the consistency of the time patterns observed. Two patients with a low incidence of spike-and-wave activity had a random pattern of occurrence; the other 17 showed one of three types of time modulation. The latter can be explained by the interaction of two modulative processes, one with a period of about 100 minutes and the other of approximately 24 hours. The pattern observed depends on the phase angle of the two cyclic processes. Treatment with ethosuximide altered the pattern of time modulation, and eventually, when the spike-and-wave activity was reduced to a low level, the time distribution became random.
Handbook of Remotivation Therapy by Jean A. Dyer and Michael I. Stotts

Handbook of Remotivation Therapy is an easy-to-read, step-by-step review of how to approach patients and utilize their positive personality aspects and positive roles in their lives to help them ga...
Paclitaxel in Breast Cancer

Paclitaxel has emerged as an important agent in the treatment of breast cancer. The efficacy and tolerability of this agent, as well as its lack of cross-resistance with anthracyclines, have spurred intensive clinical investigation worldwide. Optimization of paclitaxel dose and scheduling and evaluation of the drug in combination regimens are a central focus of investigations. Recent clinical evidence suggests that optimal dose of single-agent paclitaxel by 3-h infusion is 175 mg/ms. Trials evaluating administration schedule have not found either a 24-h or 96-h infusion to be superior to a 3-h infusion. Weekly moderate-dose paclitaxel administration is also generating much interest, given the high relative dose intensity and dose density delivered, yet very modest myelosuppression and manageable neurotoxicity observed. As first-line therapy in metastatic disease, multiple studies have documented overall response rates in the range of 30%-60%. As second-line or salvage single-agent therapy in metastatic patients, paclitaxel generally affords an overall response rate of 20%-40%, even in anthracycline-resistant patients. The novel mechanism of action and manageable toxicity of paclitaxel has led to successful incorporation into combination chemotherapy regimens. The combination of paclitaxel and doxorubicin has been the most extensively studied, with the role of this regimen continuing to evolve. Other combination regimens that appear to hold substantial promise as first-line metastatic treatment are paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel with trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody). The favorable results obtained in the metastatic setting have prompted phase II and phase III investigations of paclitaxel in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. In the adjuvant setting, a recent phase III study has indicated that the addition of sequential paclitaxel to standard therapy affords both disease-free and overall survival benefits. Current investigations with paclitaxel will continue to optimize the role of this agent in the treatment of early- and advanced-stage breast cancer, addressing not only response rates but also survival and quality-of-life issues. The use of paclitaxel on a weekly schedule or with new therapeutic modalities, such as monoclonal antibodies, is also receiving much attention. While it is clear that paclitaxel is a very active agent in the treatment of breast cancer, it is hoped that these innovative trials will further maximize the potential of this agent in patients with breast cancer.
Fetal–Neonatal Growth and Metabolism

In his essay “On being the right size,” the British geneticist, biometrician, and popularizer of science John Burdon Sanderson (JBS) Haldane (1892–1964) theorized on and presented some mathematical analysis for the optimal size of various organisms. In addition to consideration of body mass, he included surface area, weight-bearing bone structure, respiratory and circulating mechanisms, and other features of comparative anatomy and physiology (Haldane 1927). His analysis extended from insects to birds, to a number of mammals which varied in size from mice to the rhinoceros. Haldane concluded “… that for every type of animal there is an optimal size” (Haldane 1927). A number of studies have disclosed that even for the fetus development follows clearly defined mathematical principles (Roberts 1906; see below). Quite obviously, essential to a successful pregnancy is the optimal growth and development of the embryo-fetus. Prior to full maturity, timely growth, both physical and mental, is one of the best indicators of a fully functional physiological system and health. As is appreciated, growth of the fetus and its various organs is a complex process that is a function of genetic endowment, state of maternal health, the availability of nutrients and oxygen, as well as a multitude of growth factors and hormones of maternal, placental, and fetal origin, as well as a host of environmental factors of epigenetic influence. These factors are associated with physiologic, biochemical, and molecular changes, most of which are only poorly understood (Cheek 1975; Timiras 1972; Winick 1972). From mid-century onward, considerable emphasis has been placed on the mechanisms of cell division and multiplication (hyperplasia) and cell enlargement with cytoplasmic growth (hypertrophy) that result in the deposition of new tissue and change in anatomical form (Cheek 1975; Cockburn 1988; Fowden 1989; Winick 1972; Winick and Noble 1965).
An adaptive system-level diagnosis approach for hypercube multiprocessors

This paper proposes a hierarchical adaptive system-level diagnosis approach for hypercube systems. Three measures for diagnosis cost (diagnosis time, number of tests and number of test links) are analyzed for the proposed algorithm. It is proved that the diagnosis cost required by this algorithm is lower than in the previous diagnosis algorithms in most of the fault cases. It is shown that the diagnosis cost for the proposed algorithm depends on the number of faulty units in the system and the cost is extremely low when only a small number of faulty units exist. It is shown that this algorithm is even characterized by lower costs than a pessimistic diagnosis algorithm which trades lower diagnosis cost for a lower degree of accuracy. >
On the Possibility of Communicating: Feminism and Social Position

This article sorts out some of the theoretical dilemmas related to issues of identity, difference, and location that have arisen on the horizon of critical and cultural communication studies in the past few decades. Tracing the origins of the belief in the epistemological significance of social position to early criticaltheorists, it explores the further development of this concept in feminist scholarship. Using the feminist struggle with standpoint epistemology as an example, this work explores some of the dangers associated with the assumption that membership in a subordinated group affords one privileged knowledge about oppression, and critically examines the practical difficulties of applying a theoretically sophisticated understanding of the role of social position to politically grounded research.
Toward a new turbulence culture

While evidence of deterministic chaos in turbulence data is now commonly reported, turbulence is still usually treated statistically. The signature of chaos most often reported for turbulence data is a low value for the dimension of the dynamical attractor governing the temporal variability of a measurement at a single spatial location. This means that deterministic algorithms can be found for predicting the future evolution of the turbulence within the limits-to-predictability constraint applicable to chaos, or for retrieving one dynamical variable from another within those same constraints. Such algorithms use a sequence of instantaneous measured observables as input rather than statistical averages of the observables. Since the underlying dynamical model is usually not known, the data are often used to train an artificial neural network to output the desired turbulence quantity. Examples of the above procedure are described below. These examples have exposed both advantages and limitations of the deterministic treatment of turbulence. Therefore, a proposed new treatment of turbulence is briefly outlined that promises to achieve the optimal balance of stochastic and deterministic data processing. The new method, originated by Crutchfield and Young (1989), is termed "E-machine construction". Incorporating this method in large computer modeling efforts would help to establish a new turbulence culture where data are used to build new models rather than to test old ones.
Multispectral Classification With Bias-Tunable Quantum Dots-in-a-Well Focal Plane Arrays

Mid-wave and long-wave infrared (IR) quantum-dots-in-a-well (DWELL) focal plane arrays (FPAs) are promising technology for multispectral (MS) imaging and sensing. The DWELL structure design provides the detector with a unique property that allows the spectral response of the detector to be continuously, albeit coarsely, tuned with the applied bias. In this paper, a MS classification capability of the DWELL FPA is demonstrated. The approach is based upon: 1) imaging an object repeatedly using a sequence of bias voltages in the tuning range of the FPA and then 2) applying a classification algorithm to the totality of readouts, over multiple biases, at each pixel to identify the “class” of the material. The approach is validated for two classification problems: separation among different combinations of three IR filters and discrimination between rocks. This work is the first demonstration of the MS classification capability of the DWELL FPA.
The Replicon Model and Eukaryotic Chromosomes

Thirty years ago, Jacob, Cuzin, and Brenner proposed the replicon model of DNA replication to describe the regulation of Escherichia coli chromosomal duplication (Jacob et al. 1964). This model predicted that a positive trans-acting protein, called the initiator, would activate DNA replication through a cis-acting sequence called the replicator. Subsequent studies demonstrated the validity of this model and identified the dnaA protein as the initiator and oriC as the replicator for replication of the E. coli chromosome (Kornberg and Baker 1991). The finding that a number of bacteriophage and eukaryotic viruses use a similar mechanism to replicate their genomes supports the generality of this model (Challberg and Kelly 1989; Stillman 1989). In eukaryotic cells, the problem of chromosomal replication is much more complex. Instead of a single origin of replication, hundreds of origins must be coordinately regulated. In addition, the timing and extent of replication are precisely controlled during the...
Mass–customization: a strategy for knowledge creation and organizational learning

Technological change, diffusion and shortening product life cycles are fundamentally altering the nature of competition in many industries such as computers, bicycles and automobiles. In such industries the dominant paradigm, 'mass–production', is being challenged by the emerging paradigm, 'mass customization'. Whereas the emerging literature has focused on highlighting the differences between mass–production and mass–customization, this paper proposes that the interaction between the systems can be an effective source of knowledge creation and organizational learning.
Fast characterization of optical arbitrary waveforms from a 10GHz frequency comb using dual-quadrature spectral interferometry

We demonstrate fast (∼1.4µs) spectral amplitude and phase characterization of optical arbitrary waveforms generated by line-by-line shaping of a 10GHz frequency comb. Our technique enables coherent spectral phase measurement after dispersive propagation over long (∼50km) lengths of optical fiber.
Monitoring Processes in Analytic and Summary Writing

This study examines the monitoring strategies eleventh-grade students employ in analytic and summary writing. Ten high and ten average ability writers each took part in two composing-aloud sessions...
Description of the Larva of Loberus impressus (Coleoptera: Languriidae: Xenoscelinae) with Notes on its Natural History

The larva of Loberus impressus LeConte is described based on adult-associated and reared specimens collected from corollas and seed pods of Iris hexagona on the gulf coast of Louisiana. The larva of L. impressus is similar to larvae of Zavaljus brunneus (Gyllenhal) Hapalips prolixus Sharp, Pharaxonotha spp., and Bolerus angulosus (Arrow), the other described larvae within the Xenoscelinae. Larval characters typical for the Loberini that are found in L. impressus include arrangement of integumental granules into rows, frayed and aciculate setae borne on spiny tubercles, and urogomphi spiny or tuberculate and recurved. The tarsungular setae of L. impressus and B. angulosus are single, in contrast to the dual setae present in other described larvae of Languriidae. Larva and adults of L. impressus were common in dried corollas and seed pods of I. hexagona that had begun to split open or had been invaded by Crematogaster ants. Fusarium and Cladosporium fungi were potential sources of food for L. impressus and other fungivorous beetles in the iris seed pods and on corollas.
The Crime of Bootstrapping

The following commentary offers a counter-intuitive explanation of the crime of aggression, its underlying moral rationale and its proper place within the general structure of the laws of war. Specifically, this essay concludes that aggression penalises States that attempt to bootstrap their way into the permissive legal regime of international humanitarian law (‘IHL’) – a legal regime that permits the wholesale killing of enemy combatants. Part B will explain why criminal law has generally penalised defendants who seek to create their own exonerating conditions, by applying a doctrine that criminal lawyers from civil law jurisdictions call actio libera in causa. The same intuitions apply in common law jurisdictions, though often without the same level of systematicity. Part C asks whether the same principle should apply in the laws of war; I answer in the affirmative. Specifically, the crime of aggression is an example of actio libera in causa because it penalises States that attempt to trigger the application of IHL that will legitimise widespread violence. For this reason we should dub aggression the ‘crime of bootstrapping’, a jus ad bellum framework to close what would otherwise constitute a moral paradox. Part D takes the analysis one step further by emphasising the respective roles to which jus in bello and jus ad bellum are assigned in public international law; recent attempts to make IHL more restrictive are motivated by the relative paucity of jus ad bellum constraints on State behaviour. This situation can only be cured once the crime of aggression becomes fully operational at the International Criminal Court (‘Court’). Part E discusses two operational obstacles to prosecuting aggression before the Court. The first involves uncertainty over how it would apply to democratic regimes where political control over war-making is vested in a corporate body like a parliament. The second involves uncertainty over the required mental state, and whether politicians should be convicted for foreseeing that military action might become an act of aggression.
Perceptual Organization: Assessing the State of the Community and Charting New Research Directions

This is an edited book drawn from the IEEE-NSF International Workshop on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision, held in Corfu, Greece, in September 1999. The theme of the workshop was “Assessing the state of the community and charting new research directions,” and it will be clear upon perusing this book that the workshop did precisely that. To understand fully the significance of the meeting, it is best to review some history.
Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the HuR/RNA Interaction Using a Fluorescence Polarization Screening Assay Followed by NMR Validation

The human antigen R (HuR) stabilizes many mRNAs of proto-oncogene, transcription factors, cytokines and growth factors by recognizing AU-rich elements (AREs) presented in their 3’ or 5’ untranslated region (UTR). Multiple lines of experimental evidence suggest that this process plays a key role in cancer development. Thus, destabilizing HuR/RNA interaction by small molecules presents an opportunity for cancer treatment/prevention. Here we present an integrated approach to identify inhibitors of HuR/RNA interaction using a combination of fluorescence-based and NMR-based high throughput screening (HTS). The HTS assay with fluorescence polarization readout and Z’-score of 0.8 was used to perform a screen of the NCI diversity set V library in a 384 well plate format. An NMR-based assay with saturation transfer difference (STD) detection was used for hits validation. Protein NMR spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that some hit compounds disrupt formation of HuR oligomer, whereas others block RNA binding. Thus, our integrated high throughput approach provides a new avenue for identification of small molecules targeting HuR/RNA interaction.
Effect of migrant workers return on the incidence of the insect-borne diseases in Nanning City

[Objective]To analyze the effect of migrant workers return,especially the gold miners of Ghana,on the incidence rates of malaria and dengue fever,put forward the effective measures to control the imported malaria. [Methods]The epidemic data of malaria were collected from the China disease prevention and control information system.[Results]The quantity of imported malaria and dengue fever cases in the first half year of 2013 in Nanning City has increased as compared with recent years. The cases of malaria accounted for 97. 88% of natural focus diseases and insect-borne diseases,which the incidence rate was 14. 29 / lakh. The incidence rate reached the peak in June. The cases were reported in 6 counties and 7 districts,which Shanglin County accounted for91. 24%,followed by Binyang County( 2. 06%). The average age was( 36. 24 ± 8. 99) years old,and most of patients were farmer,accounting for 95. 18%( 968 /1 017). 99. 21%( 1 009 /1 017) of the malaria cases were migrant workers returning from African countries,and all cases of dengue fever were migrant workers returning from Southeast Asian.[Conclusion]The incidence rate of imported malaria shows a rising trend in the first half year of 2013. At present,it is important to cooperate with the public security organizations and the entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments to implement the report of previous infections,promote the township health institutions to take a screening in passengers,carry out a standard treatment among the people with positive results in microscopical examination and the preventive medicine among the previous infections,complete the follow-up and radical treatment in resting stage,perform the vector control measures in the epidemic focus with vivax malaria,ovale malaria and mixed infection,continue to carry out investigation and monitoring in the density of anopheles population,and conduct the publicity and education of the knowledge about malaria prevention and control.
MO-FG-CAMPUS-IeP1-04: Kerma Area Product Calculation for Non-Uniform X-Ray Fields Using a Skin Dose Tracking System

Purpose: The functionality of the Dose-Tracking System (DTS) has been expanded to include the calculation of the Kerma-Area Product (KAP) for non-uniform x-ray fields such as result from the use of compensation filters during fluoroscopic procedures Methods: The DTS calculates skin dose during fluoroscopic interventions and provides a color-coded dose map on a patient-graphic model. The KAP is the integral of air kerma over the x-ray field and is usually measured with a transmission-ionization chamber that intercepts the entire x-ray beam. The DTS has been modified to determine KAP when there are beam non-uniformities that can be modeled. For example, the DTS includes models of the three compensation filters with tapered edges located in the collimator assembly of the Toshiba Infinix fluoroscopic C-Arm and can track their movement. To determine the air kerma after the filters, DTS includes transmission factors for the compensation filters as a function of kVp and beam filtration. A virtual KAP dosimeter is simulated in the DTS by an array of graphic vertices; the air kerma at each vertex is corrected by the field non-uniformity, which in this case is the attenuation factor for those rays which pass through the filter. The products of individual vertex air-kerma values for all vertices within the beam times the effective-area-per-vertex are summed for each x-ray pulse to yield the KAP per pulse and the cumulative KAP for the procedure is then calculated. Results: The KAP values estimated by DTS with the compensation filter inserted into the x-ray field agree within ± 6% with the values displayed on the fluoroscopy unit monitor, which are measured with a transmission chamber. Conclusion: The DTS can account for field non-uniformities such as result from the use of compensation filters in calculating KAP and can obviate the need for a KAP transmission ionization chamber. Partial support from NIH Grant R01-EB002873 and Toshiba Medical Systems Corp
The NOAA JPSS Satellite program and applications

In summary, the JPSS Proving Ground Program has been a huge success. The innovative use of S-NPP data and the full integration of the user community ensured thorough evaluation of capabilities and rapid transition from research to operations. The JPSS Program's multi-year commitment to this program allows project teams to define a successful path to assist the user community in fully integrating new JPSS capabilities.
Altered saccadic targets when processing facial expressions under different attentional and stimulus conditions.

Abstract Depending on a subject’s attentional bias, robust changes in emotional perception occur when facial blends (different emotions expressed on upper/lower face) are presented tachistoscopically. If no instructions are given, subjects overwhelmingly identify the lower facial expression when blends are presented to either visual field. If asked to attend to the upper face, subjects overwhelmingly identify the upper facial expression in the left visual field but remain slightly biased to the lower facial expression in the right visual field. The current investigation sought to determine whether differences in initial saccadic targets could help explain the perceptual biases described above. Ten subjects were presented with full and blend facial expressions under different attentional conditions. No saccadic differences were found for left versus right visual field presentations or for full facial versus blend stimuli. When asked to identify the presented emotion, saccades were directed to the lower face. When asked to attend to the upper face, saccades were directed to the upper face. When asked to attend to the upper face and try to identify the emotion, saccades were directed to the upper face but to a lesser degree. Thus, saccadic behavior supports the concept that there are cognitive-attentional pre-attunements when subjects visually process facial expressions. However, these pre-attunements do not fully explain the perceptual superiority of the left visual field for identifying the upper facial expression when facial blends are presented tachistoscopically. Hence other perceptual factors must be in play, such as the phenomenon of virtual scanning.
Abstract 387: HDL Structure and Function in Individuals with Extreme High HDL-C Who Have Coronary Artery Disease Compared with Those Without CAD

Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are strongly inversely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in epidemiologic studies, and high HDL-C is generally associated with apparent ‘protection’ from CAD. We have been recruiting individuals with high HDL-C for about 15 years, and while most have no CAD, a minority has premature CAD, a paradoxical phenotype. We hypothesize that such individuals may have HDL with altered structure and/ or function, and are systematically comparing these individuals (cases) to older individuals with extreme high HDL-C without CAD (controls) and a healthy control group with normal HDL-C levels. We identified 60 subjects with HDL-C above the 90th percentile, premature CAD, and no other major risk factors for coronary disease. We selected 2 controls per case, each matched for age, race, gender, and HDL level. Demographic information and lipid profile (mean ± SD) of the study groups are shown below. Controls are well matched to the cases. Studies are well underway to assess HDL size distribution by NMR, HDL composition, total and ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in cases and controls. We will also compare to a group of healthy controls with normal HDL-C levels. We expect that the findings from this study will provide insight into the etiology of CAD in this paradoxical phenotype.
Abstract TP357: Blood Brain Barrier Damage Predicts Perihematoma Edema Volume in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background: Early blood–brain barrier damage after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been qualitatively linked to subsequent perihematoma edema (PHE) formation. In this quantitative study, i...
Bang for the buck: Understanding employee benefit allocations and new venture survival:

Providing employee benefits is costly for new ventures, yet offering such inducements is often essential to developing human capital. While a broad combination of employee benefits could yield syne...
Survivability of Cloud Databases - Factors and Prediction

Public cloud database providers observe all sorts of different usage patterns and behaviors while operating their services. Service providers such as Microsoft try to understand and characterize these behaviors in order to improve the quality of their service, provide new features for customers, and/or increase the efficiency of the operations. While there are many types of patterns of behavior that are of interest to providers, such as query types, workload intensity, and temporal activity, in this paper, we focus on the lowest level of behavior -- how long do public cloud databases survive before being dropped? Given the large and diverse relational database population that Azure SQL DB has, we present a large-scale survivability study of our service and identify some factors that can demonstrably help predict the lifespan of cloud databases. The results of this study are being used to influence how Azure SQL DB operates in order to increase efficiency as well as improve customer experience.
Adenotonsillectomy in children with sickle cell disease and obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent and may be more severe in children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) compared to the general pediatric population. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the therapeutic effects and complications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (TA 72.7% of patients had pre-operative transfusion, such that the mean Hb at time of T&A was 11.4 ± 1.0 g/dL. The average admission length surrounding T&A was 3.5 ± 1.2 days. Complications were documented in 11.4% of operative cases. Polysomnography was available in 104 pre-T&A and 45 post-T&A. The Apnea-Hypopnea Index decreased on post-T&A polysomnogram (7.6 ± 8.7 vs. 1.3 ± 1.9, p = 0.0001). The O2 nadir improved on post-T&A polysomnogram (81.2 ± 10.8 vs. 89.3 ± 7, p = 0.0003). Emergency room visits (mean events per year) decreased post-operatively (2.6 ± 2.8 vs. 1.8 ± 2.2, p = 0.0002). Conclusions T&A can be a safe and effective option to treat OSA in pediatric patients with SCD and was significantly associated with reduced AHI and fewer ER visits post-operatively.
Changes in the Rodent Fauna

Rodents first appeared in the Clarkforkian of Montana (Jepsen, 1937). The entire rodent fauna from North America during the Clarkforkian was comprised of members of the Ischyromyidae but showed an amazing diversity with as many as three subfamilies having been already differentiated (Korth, 1984). This implies either the origin and a very rapid radiation in the late Clarkforkian, or the origin of rodents on another continent (most likely Asia) and immigration of the stem ischyromyid to North America.