cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrahepatic bile duct loss in biliary atresia despite portoenterostomy: A consequence of ongoing obstruction?

Abstract The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the liver in 44 children (28 boys, 16 girls) with extrahepatic biliary atresia at different stages of the clinical course were studied. Thirtyfour wedge liver biopsy specimens taken during Kasai operations (25 specimens) and relaparotomy (9 specimens) and 20 hepatectomy expiants taken at the time of transplantation were examined. Routine histological stains and monoclonal antibodies against different molecular weight cytokeratins and HLA-DR were used. The histopathological changes and the pattern of cytokeratin expression observed during the course of the disease were suggestive of persistent or recurrent extrahepatic biliary obstruction that occurred despite the Kasai operation and eventually led to cirrhosis and liver failure. Quantitative studies showed a progressive loss of intrahepatic bile ducts over the time course of the disease. This destruction of bile ducts had a geographic anatomical distribution in hepatectomy specimens, and in two livers it occurred predominantly in only one lobe. This geographic distribution of the vanishing bile ducts probably indicates an unpredictable and uneven obliteration of bile ducts in the porta hepatis during portoenterostomy wound healing and scarring.
Viral replication in excised fin tissues (VREFT) corresponds with prior exposure of Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes), to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)

Procedures for a viral replication in excised fin tissue (VREFT) assay were adapted to Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, and optimized both to reduce processing time and to provide the greatest resolution between naive herring and those previously exposed to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), Genogroup IVa. The optimized procedures included removal of the left pectoral fin from a euthanized fish, inoculation of the fin with >10(5) plaque-forming units (PFU) mL(-1) VHSV for 1 h, rinsing the fin in fresh medium six times to remove unadsorbed virions, incubation of the fin in fresh medium for 4 days and enumeration of the viral titre in a sample of the incubation medium by plaque assay. The optimized VREFT assay was effective at identifying the prior exposure history of laboratory-reared Pacific herring to VHSV. The geometric mean VREFT value was significantly greater (P < 0.01) among naive herring (1.2 × 10(3) PFU mL(-1) ) than among groups that survived exposure to VHSV (1.0-2.9 × 10(2) PFU mL(-1) ); additionally, the proportion of cultures with no detectable virus was significantly greater (P = 0.0002) among fish that survived exposure to VHSV (39-47%) than among naive fish (3.3%). The optimized VREFT assay demonstrates promise for identifying VHSV exposure history and forecasting disease potential in populations of wild Pacific herring.
Statistical analysis of rare events in groundwater

Abstract Statistical analysis of trace organics and other pollutants that occur rarely in ‘clean’ ground-water poses difficult problems for conventional parametric statistical tests. The frequent occurrence of ‘less than’ values, values above the detection limit but below the quantification limit, many zeros, and unidentified pollutants make the use of statistics that require normal distribution or equal variances impractical. A method based upon the Poisson distribution that results in exact binomial probabilities for hypothesis testing is proposed. This method allows comparison of upgradient wells with down gradient wells or preoperational data with operational data for monitoring the performance of hazardous waste disposal sites. A numerical example, operating characteristic curves, and calculating algorithms are provided.
Ultrastructural events in the cytoplasmic death of lethally-irradiated human lymphocytes.

SummaryNormal human peripheral-blood lymphocytes were irradiated with a dose of X-rays and processed for electron microscopic examination at different times after irradiation. A localized protrusion of the plasma membrane of the irradiated lymphocytes was observed in samples fixed as early as 15 min after irradiation, suggesting that the injury to the plasma membrane could have occurred during or immediately after irradiation. This was followed by fenestration of the plasma membrane, rarefaction of the cytoplasm and accumulation of cytoplasmic organelles in the centrosphere region. Localized distention of the outer nuclear envelope occurred after 2 hours and invagination of the inner nuclear membrane after 4 hours of irradiation. By 24 hours, the cytoplasmic and nuclear ultrastructural integrity was lost. The study suggested that, for high doses of X-radiation, the plasma membrane of the human peripheral-blood lymphocytes was the most sensitive target.
Fast thresholded multi-channel Landweber algorithm for wavelet-regularized multi-angle deconvolution

3D deconvolution in optical wide eld microscopy aims at recovering optical sections through thick objects. Acquiring data from multiple, mutually-tilted directions helps ll the missing cone of information in the optical transfer function, which normally renders the deconvolution problem particularly ill-posed. Here, we propose a fast-converging iterative deconvolution method for multi-angle deconvolution microscopy. Specically, we formulate the imaging problem using a lter-bank structure, and present a multi-channel variation of a thresholded Landweber deconvolution algorithm with wavelet-sparsity regularization. Decomposition of the minimization problem into subband-dependent terms ensures fast convergence. We demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm via simulation results.
Is There Consensus Among Wine Quality Ratings of Prominent Critics? An Empirical Analysis of Red Bordeaux, 2004–2010*

This paper examines the level of consensus, or agreement, among the wine quality ratings of six prominent wine critics for seven consecutive vintages of red Bordeaux. Consensus, a critical component of expertise in wine evaluation, has important implications for consumers' reliance on critics' ratings in deciding which wines to purchase or consume. The principal analyses focus on a core set of wines in each year that were rated by all six critics. Additional analyses concern differences in agreement for classified growths vs. nonclassified growths and for critics of different nationalities (American, British, and French). The level of consensus among these prominent critics is contrasted with that among both wine professionals who are not prominent critics and professionals from several other fields. (JEL Classification: C93)
Brief family treatment intervention to promote continuing care among alcohol-dependent patients in inpatient detoxification: A randomized pilot study

Alcohol-dependent patients in inpatient detoxification were randomized to treatment-as-usual (TAU) intervention or brief family treatment (BFT) intervention to promote continuing care postdetoxification. BFT consisted of meeting with the patient and an adult family member (in person or over the phone) with whom the patient lived to review and recommend potential continuing care plans for the patient. Results showed that BFT patients (n = 24) were significantly more likely than TAU patients (n = 21) to enter a continuing care program after detoxification. This was a medium to large effect size. In the 3 months after detoxification, days using alcohol or drugs (a) trended lower for treatment-exposed BFT patients who had an in-person family meeting than for TAU counterparts (medium effect), and (b) were significantly lower for patients who entered continuing care regardless of treatment condition (large effect).
Radiation Nephritis Clinical manifestations and pathophysiologic mechanisms

Abstract Radiation nephritis is both volume and dose related. Clinical experience would indicate that a minimum of one third of the renal volume needs to be exluded from nephrotoxic doses which appears to have a threshold of 2,000 cGy. The site of damage leading to renal failure appears to be the microvasculature ultimately expressed as glomerulosclerosis. How much direct damage to the tubular system contributes to this process is unclear, but undoubtedly the resultant systemic physiologic effects potentiate the expression of damage in the irradiated kidney. The acute syndrome, with all the potential manifestations of renal failure, rarely presents sooner than six months and appears to have no clear prodrome, although it would seem reasonable that a subclinical syndrome consisting of abnormalities detectable by urinalysis may occur. Treatment of radiation-induced nephritis or hypertensions is no different from treatment for nephritis from any other cause and should be aggressive with lifelong follow-up. Carcinogenesis is a rare late expression of radiation-induced kidney damage.
Successful Nonsurgical Treatment of Pneumomediastinum, Pneumothorax, Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumoretroperitoneum, and Subcutaneous Emphysema following ERCP

Complications related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) include pancreatitis, hemorrhage, cholangitis, and perforation. ERCP-related perforation is uncommon, but mortality rates are high. Diagnosis requires a high clinical suspicion for early detection to allow optimal management of the perforation and a better prognosis. Treatment depends on the location and mechanism and increasingly involves nonoperative management. We report a case of successful nonsurgical treatment of a patient with extensive air involving the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, thorax, mediastinum, and subcutaneous tissues following an ERCP perforation.
Synthesis of the First Tris(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) Hydride Complex, (C5Me5)3ThH

To determine if tris(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) chemistry could be extended to thorium, the reaction of a cationic organometallic thorium hydride with K(18-crown-6)(C5Me5) was examined and found to produce (C5Me5)3ThH.
DIVERGENCE OF GLUTAMATE AND GLUTAMINE AMINOACYLATION PATHWAYS: PROVIDING THE EVOLUTIONARY RATIONALE FOR MISCHARGING

Aminoacyl-tRNA for protein synthesis is produced through the action of a family of enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. A general rule is that there is one aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for each of the standard 20 amino acids found in all cells. This is not universal, however, as a majority of prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organelles lack the enzyme glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, which is responsible for forming Gln-tRNAGln in eukaryotes and in Gram-negative eubacteria. Instead, in organisms lacking glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, Gln-tRNAGln is provided by misacylation of tRNAGln with glutamate by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, followed by the conversion of tRNA-bound glutamate to glutamine by the enzyme Glu-tRNAGln amidotransferase. The fact that two different pathways exist for charging glutamine tRNA indicates that ancestral prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms evolved different cellular mechanisms for incorporating glutamine into proteins. Here, we explore the basis for diverging pathways for aminoacylation of glutamine tRNA. We propose that stable retention of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase in prokaryotic organisms following a horizontal gene transfer event from eukaryotic organisms (Lamour et al. 1994) was dependent on the evolving pool of glutamate and glutamine tRNAs in the organisms that acquired glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase by this mechanism. This model also addresses several unusual aspects of aminoacylation by glutamyl- and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases that have been observed.
Lipid Storage by Honey Ant Repletes

A previously undescribed system of differential food storage in replete forms of the honey ant, Myrmecocystus mexicanus Wesmael, is reported. Certain repletes store lipid as glycerol and cholesterol esters associated with sugar solutions containing glucose, fructose, and maltose.
On the response of the plate to a multi-masses moving system

A method, based on theFourier-transform technique, is presented in order to solve the problem concerning the response of the plates to a moving multimasses system. This problem was of interest in the theory for many years; however, it is of a fundamental importance for a working engineer in the field. The method presented in this paper is general, so that the response of the plates to the moving multi-forces system, appears as a special case of this study. The convergence of the solution has been examined and the numerical results for the first and second approximations, of the special case, have been calculated and plotted. The analysis shows that for the same natural frequency of the plate, the resonance is reached prior by considering the moving multi-masses system than by moving multi-force system; i.e., the natural frequency of the moving multi-masses system is lower than that of the moving multi-forces system. This conclusion is of a vital importance, since the response of the moving force as an approximation for the response of the moving mass can be not only dangerous but also tragic.
CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF GLAUCARUBIN.

GLAUCARUBIN, a bitter lactone found in Simaruba glauca, and used medicinally as an amœbicide, has the empirical formula C25H36O10 and a molecular weight of 496. Its chemical structure is known to be similar to that of chaparrin2 and quassin3. Recently the chemistry of the family Simaroubaceae has been the subject of a considerable number of investigations4,5. Examination of the structure of this compound had been in progress in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, when it was decided to apply X-ray crystallographic methods to this problem. The crystals of p-bromobenzoate derivative were prepared at this department and the X-ray investigations were undertaken at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute at Buffalo, with the hope that a complete single crystal structural study of this compound would contribute useful information about the chemistry of this class of compounds.
Building energy management systems actuated using wireless camera sensor networks

Heating, cooling, ventilation, conditioning and lighting currently account for approximately 60% of the energy consumption within buildings [4]. The conditioning of these areas, however, are not controlled optimally. Rooms that are empty or only partially occupied are conditioned assuming maximum occupancy rather than actual occupancy. In order to optimize conditioning, room usage must be considered. In this demonstration, we show the interplay between a wireless camera sensor network, which is used for detection and tracking of people entering/exiting rooms, and building energy management infrastructure, which controls the heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting for a room/area.
Interest and Mortality Randomness in Some Annuities

Abstract A model is presented which can be used when interest rates and future lifetimes are random, for certain annuities. Expressions for the mean values and the standard deviations of the present values of future payment streams are obtained. These can be used in determining contingency reserves for possible adverse interest and mortality experience for collections of life annuity contracts. Several complete examples are considered. Certain boundary crossing probabilities for the stochastic process component of the model are obtained.
Magnetic susceptibility and kinetics of “graphitization” of glass-like carbons

The room temperature magnetic susceptibility (X) of glass-like carbons (GLC) from several sources has been determined as a function of heat treatment temperature (HTT) over the range 1000–3000°C. Effects of dilute ferromagnetic impurities were observed for HTT < 1500°C. The impurity (probably Fe) exists in a non-magnetic form in the carbonized GLC; transforms to a ferromagnetic state with 1000 ⩽ HTT ⩽ 1400°C; then disappears at higher HTT. The dependence of the diamagnetism of pure GLC on HTT is characterized by a slope decrease and inflection near 1500°C and increases smoothly thereafter. X ∼- 5.2 × 10−6emu/g and is still increasing at HTT = 3000°C, and the values for different GLCs with the same HTT differ by < 10%. The evolution of X as a function of isothermal residence time (HTt) over the range 2400–3000°C for three GLCs was analyzed by the superposition method. Very high effective activation energies, 360–420 kcal/mole (~ 1500–1750 kJ/mole) were obtained and attributed to successive-activation processes of structural development required by the microstructural constraints inherent to difficult-to-graphitize carbons. Evidence was found for a small Xincrease due to the plastic volume dilation (density decrease) processes that occur in some GLCs at high HTT.
Effect of mixing on the washout and steady-state performance of continuous cultures.

The effects of mixing on the critical mean holding time for washout and the steady state performance of growth processes in continuous flow reactors are investigated. Macromixing, micromixing, and cell recycle arc considered. The tanks-in-series model composed of N completely mixed flow reactors, the dispersion model, the plug flow model, and a combined model composed of a plug flow reactor and a continuous stirred tank flow reactor connected in series arc used to represent the macro-mixing or residence time distribution. The extreme cases of micromixing, namely, complete segregation and maximum mixedness, as well as intermediate states of micromixing are investigated to determine their effects on washout and the occurence of multiple steady states. A technique for predicting the maximum mixedness washout condition from a knowledge of the residence time distribution is presented and used to determine the washout condition for the dispersion model under maximum mixedness conditions.
Emotion Feelings Stem from Evolution and Neurobiological Development, Not From Conceptual Acts: Corrections for Barrett et al. (2007):

Contrary to the arguments of Barrett et al. (2007) in critiquing Izard (2007), emotion feelings (the key component of human emotions) stem from evolution and neurobiological development, not from c...
Imprinting of slip bands in mechanically deformed MgO crystals using lithium impurities

Abstract Lithium impurities in MgO can be used to imprint slip bands produced by plastic deformation. The imprinting is obtained by means of [Li] defects (sub-titutional Li+ ions each with an adjacent O−ion) which absorb light at 680 nm (1·8 eV). Slip bands are observed as discoloured regions against the background of dark blue coloration due to these defects. The decoloration can be achieved by two different processes : either by oxidation at 1275 K of a deformed crystal, or by the reverse procedure—deformation of a previously oxidized crystal. The mechanisms involved in the decoloration are different; the former is due to ionic motion, and the latter is an electronic effect. Similar procedures involving surface indentation by sharp objects also result in decoloration patterns.
A Luminous Bacterium That Emits Yellow Light

A strain of Photobacterium fischeri that emits yellow light has been isolated from seawater. The bimodal spectrum, which is unique among the luminous bacteria, consists of a major band with a maximum at 545 nanometers and a minor band with a maximum at 500 nanometers. The former represents a heretofore unreported range of emission for luminous bacteria, while the latter coincides with the emission spectrum of typical blue-greeen-emitting strains of P. fischeri. The relative contributions of these two bands to the total in vivo luminescence changes as a function of ambient temperature. When luciferase is extracted and luminescence observed in vitro, the emission is entirely blue-green, identical with that of luciferase isolated from other strains of P. fischeri.
Design and analysis of an automated container handling system in seaports

This article presents the design and analysis of an automated container handling system which integrates Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) and Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVS) for use at seaport terminals. Current practices in seaport container terminals are discussed first, and then, the main components of the proposed automated configuration are introduced. A computer simulation model is developed to examine the key measures of effectiveness such as throughput and space/equipment utilisation. The performance of the proposed configuration shows nearly four times improvement in throughput/acre over the commonly practised block stacking approach. Implications for future automated systems of this type have been described.
New-Generation Anticoagulants: The Low Molecular Weight Heparins

Heparin has been the mainstay of acute anticoagulation therapy for decades. Within the past 20 years, several different heparin fractions-collectively known as low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs)-have been evaluated in various medical and surgical settings in which anticoagulation is routinely warranted. The LMWHs are efficacious, safe, cost-effective, and easier to administer and monitor than standard, unfractionated heparin. As LMWH use becomes more widespread, emergency physicians will use these new agents instead of unfractionated heparin for unstable angina, non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, or thromboembolic disease. This review focuses on the pharmacologic properties of unfractionated heparin and LMWH, associated complications, and the use of these agents in acute ischemic coronary syndromes, thromboembolic disease, and other selected clinical situations.
Quality function deployment and its application to automotive door design

AbstractIn order to be competitive, automotive design is now focusing on optimizing perceived qualities in terms of sound and operational efforts. Phases 1 and 2 of the four-phase quality function ...
Practice guidelines: the radiology perspective

Clinical practice guidelines have emerged as a reality for medical practitioners over the past 20 years. Although virtually all groups interested in the development of practice guidelines hope for improvements in patient care, secondary expectations vary widely among those using them. Their use in daily practice by physicians has met with resistance from barriers including concerns of "cookbook" medicine, a loss of autonomy, and increased professional liability. The recent experience of the ACR in addressing these challenges illustrates that physicians are receptive to steps perceived to mitigate the risks accompanying the use of guidelines as well as to efforts to increase their understanding of implementing guidelines in clinical practice. The experiences of other medical societies and an inventory of future trends reveal additional challenges associated with the use of practice guidelines, as third parties look to guidelines as points of reference for gauging the performance of health care providers.
Folic Acid Supplementation Cardiovascular Disease: The State of the Art

Abstract High levels of homocysteine, a non–protein-forming, sulfur-containing amino acid, have been associated with elevated cardiovascular risk in observational studies. Support for the homocysteine hypothesis comes from 2 primary lines of epidemiologic evidence, observational studies, such as case control and cohort studies, and studies of genetic variation. On the basis of unequivocally supportive epidemiologic data, a series of large randomized controlled trials of homocysteine lowering through folic acid supplementation were launched. The recently reported results of the 3 large, randomized clinical trials (SEARCH, WENBIT, WAFACS) in combination with those previously reported (CHAOS-2, VISP, NORVIT, HOPE-2) effectively rule out the possibility of large effect on risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Although the potential for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adults through folic acid supplementation has not yet been substantiated, folic acid supplementation prenatally may reduce congenital heart defects in offspring.
Biosynthetic Production of Aberrant Alkaloids in Dolichothele sphaerica (Cactaceae)

Preliminary studies of the production of aberrant alkaloids were carried out by introducing unnatural precursors of dolichotheline into Dolichothele sphaerica in the hope that the corresponding dolichotheline analogs would be formed. Authentic samples of the required dolichotheline analogs were synthesized and served both as standards and as carriers during the extraction procedure. Radioactive analogs were separated from dolichotheline by preparative TLC, recrystallized to constant specific activity, and degraded to localize the label. Using appropriate precursors, the aberrant alkaloids N-isocaproylhistamine and 4(5)-[N-iso-valerylaminomethyl]imidazole were produced by D. sphaerica, while the plant appears to be unable to produce N-benzoylhistamine, N-isobutyrylhistamine, and N-isopropylhistamine.
Deviant effects in molecular reaction pathways

In biological networks, any manifestations of behaviors substantially 'deviant' from the predictions of continuous-deterministic classical chemical kinetics (CCK) are typically ascribed to systems with complex dynamics and/or a small number of molecules. Here we show that in certain cases such restrictions are not obligatory for CCK to be largely incorrect. By systematically identifying properties that may cause significant divergences between CCK and the more accurate discrete-stochastic chemical master equation (CME) system descriptions, we comprehensively characterize potential CCK failure patterns in biological settings, including consequences of the assertion that CCK is closer to the 'mode' rather than the 'average' of stochastic reaction dynamics, as generally perceived. We demonstrate that mechanisms underlying such nonclassical effects can be very simple, are common in cellular networks and result in often unintuitive system behaviors. This highlights the importance of deviant effects in biotechnologically or biomedically relevant applications, and suggests some approaches to diagnosing them in situ.
Suicide and homicide rates during presidential terms as a function of economic conditions.

For 9 presidential terms (1949-1988) correlations were small and nonsignificant for Barro's misery index with suicide and homicide rates during those years
Wistar Rats and Premature Infants

The molar proportions of essential amino acids in the fasting plasma of Wistar rats were shown to have utility in: (i) Determining the limiting essential amino acid for peanut butter and whole egg protein; (ii) Ranking in proper order peanut butter protein supplemented with two levels of lysine and whole egg protein according to their Biologic value and net protein utilization.The molar proportions of the essential amino acids in the fasting plasma of adult humans were shown to have utility in ranking five rations according to their Biol.ogic value and net protein utilization by premature infants.
Roads to Mecca : Conversion narratives of European and Euro-American Muslims

Cet article considere les ecrits d'Europeens et d'Euro-Americains qui ont accueilli l'Islam et ont reflechi sur ce processus dans des productions litteraires. L'A. se limite a l'etude des aspects litteraires et de la signification culturelle de ces recits. Il y cherche aussi les elements qui parlent de l'experience de la conversion a l'Islam dans l'histoire recente. Il aborde d'abord les genres litteraires plus longs, ceux qui mettent l'accent sur le pelerinage, et ensuite les recits plus tardifs de conversion au Soufisme. En conclusion, il mentionne encore une autre tendance, des recits qui expriment des difficultes rencontrees par des musulmans occidentaux dans leur societe d'origine.
Statistical Issues in Longitudinal Data Analysis for Treatment Efficacy Studies in the Biomedical Sciences

Longitudinally collected outcomes are increasingly common in cell biology and gene therapy research. In this article, we review the current practice of statistical analysis of longitudinal data in these fields, and recommend the “best performing” statistical method among those available in most statistical packages. A survey of papers published in Molecular Therapy indicates that longitudinal data are only properly analyzed in a small fraction of articles, and the most popular approach was analyzing each measurement time point data separately using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with Tukey's post hoc tests. We show that first, such cross-sectional ANOVA approach does not utilize all the power that the longitudinal design of a study provides, and second, Tukey's post hoc tests applied at each measurement time separately could result in a false positivity rate as high as 30% using a simulation study. We recommend mixed effects model analysis instead. We also discuss the complexities of multiple comparison adjustment in the post hoc testing that result from within experimental unit correlation existing in longitudinal data. We recommend resampling as a method that readily adjusts the post hoc testing to be limited to only interesting comparisons and thereby avoids unduly sacrificing the power.
Geometric demonstration of the fundamental theorems of the calculus

After the monumental discovery of the fundamental theorems of the calculus nearly 350 years ago, it became possible to answer extremely complex questions regarding the natural world. Here, a straightforward yet profound demonstration, employing geometrically symmetric functions, describes the validity of the general power rules for integration and differentiation. Differentiation and integration are readily seen to be reverse operations that compute slopes and under-areas of curves, without requiring tedious infinitesimal limits or infinite summation algebraic procedures. The areas under any two symmetric curves within a square combine to equal its square measure. Corresponding evaluated integrals of any symmetric pair were also found to add to that same area. The general power rules and the fundamental theorems are confirmed for an infinite number of functions containing exponents from the entire real number line, rational or irrational. Any particular equation represents the slope of its own under-area formula, as first discovered by Isaac Newton, where the rate that area accumulates at a point under a curve, traced at constant horizontal velocity, is the value of the curve at that point. Applications of the calculus in mathematics, physics and chemistry elucidated the orbital structure of the atom, vast scientific formula and secrets of the nature of light and gravity.
Rapid prototyping of datapath intensive architectures with HML: an abstract hardware description language

HML allows us to specify hardware at a very abstract level, and automatically generate VHDL from our specifications. The VHDL is used along with commercial CAD tools to generate field programmable logic. In this paper we present HML, a hardware description language based on SML, and discuss the translation process from HML to VHDL. As an example we use HML to specify a DTMF receiver. We present the HML for a Booth multiplier and discuss the design flow from HML to an FPGA implementation of that multiplier. HML is the only language available that applies advances in programming languages and type theory to hardware description.
The relationship between the vertical dimension of occlusion and forces generated by closing muscles of mastication.

Abstract The occlusal vertical dimension of 40 patients who were successfully wearing complete upper and lower dentures was tested using electronic modality. The occlusal vertical dimension determined by this electronic apparatus was compared to the occlusal vertical dimension with recently constructed dentures. The comparisons were made with a Sorenson profilometer. Thirty successful recordings were made and every one was within 0.5 mm. of the occlusal vertical dimension with the dentures. The pressures exerted were not recorded since only the location of the greatest power point was important to this study. The greatest deflection of the recording pen indicated the greatest power point, and this was significant, regardless of the actual pressure in pounds.
Production of a fully spin-polarized ensemble of positronium atoms.

Long-lived |m|=1 positronium (Ps) atoms are produced in vacuum when high density bursts of positrons with net polarization p0 are implanted into a porous silica film in a 2.3 T magnetic field. We observe a decrease in the |m|=1 population as the density of the incident positron beam is increased due to quenching interactions between oppositely polarized Ps atoms within the target. Saturation of this density dependent quenching indicates that the initial positron spin polarization p0=28±1%, and demonstrates the long term (102s) survival of positron polarization in a Surko-type buffer gas trap. We conclude that, at high Ps densities, the minority spin component is essentially eliminated and the remaining Ps is almost entirely (∼96%) polarized, as required for the formation of a Ps Bose-Einstein condensate. © 2010 The American Physical Society.
Ben Jonson's justice overdo and Joseph Hall's good magistrate

(1995). Ben Jonson's justice overdo and Joseph Hall's good magistrate. English Studies: Vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 434-442.
An efficient Snell's law method for optimal-path planning across multipole two-dimensional, irregular, homogeneous-cost regions

We are exploring a new approach to high-level optimal-path planning when homogeneous irregularly shaped regions of a plane have different traversal costs per unit distance. It is based on the simple idea that optimal paths must be straight in homogeneous regions, and so those regions need not be subdivided for path planning. Our approach uses optics anal ogies, ray tracing, and Snell's Law and reduces the problem to an efficient graph search with a variety of pruning criteria. The time and space of our algorithm is O(V 2) in an intui tively average case, where V is the number of region vertices. In experiments in which space is held constant, an imple mentation of our algorithm was not only dramatically faster but also gave better cost solution paths than a representative implementation of the chief competing technique, grid-based wavefront propagation. This appears to be because of the quite different and considerably smaller search space required for our more intelligent algorithm.
Carbon Dioxide Exchanges in Leaves. I. Discrimination Between 14CO2 and 12CO2 in Photosynthesis

In order to measure CO(2) exchange reactions by leaves using isotopes of CO(2), it is necessary to know precisely the discrimination against (14)CO(2) by leaves. Earlier determinations of discrimination are at variance, and may be inaccurate because of assumptions made about the rate of photorespiration. Maize leaves evolve little or no CO(2) in light, and so provide suitable material for this measurement. Discrimination against (14)CO(2) in photosynthesis by maize leaves is almost precisely the same as in CO(2) absorption by NaOH solution, amounting to 2.1 and 2.0% respectively. The agreement between these values and their close approximation to the relative rates of diffusion of (12)CO(2) and (14)CO(2), calculated from Graham's law, shows that diffusion into the leaf is primarily responsible for discrimination against (14)CO(2) in photosynthesis.
NOx Adsorption and Reduction over LaMnO3 Based Lean NOx Trap Catalysts

We have reported a LaMnO3-based, Pt free lean NOx trap (LNT) catalyst shows promising NOx reduction activities, but the mechanism of NOx reduction or the role of the perovskite over this catalyst has not been addressed. This paper presented our investigation on the mechanistic aspects of NOx adsorption and reduction over several LaMnO3-based LNT catalysts. NO can be effectively oxidized to NO2 on LaMnO3 at 350 °C, while little NOx (NO + NO2) can be stored verified by the following temperature programmed desorption experiment; under the same conditions, a significant amount of NOx (41 μmol NO/g washcoat) were stored over BaO/Al2O3/LaMnO3 indicating NOx are adsorbed mainly on the BaO/Al2O3. The temperature programmed surface reaction with CO demonstrated that although it can store NOx during the lean period, failed to reduce NOx by CO over the BaO/Al2O3/LaMnO3 catalyst. After adding Pd into BaO/Al2O3/LaMnO3, NOx can not only be stored during the lean conditions but also reduced. It could be concluded that the Pd catalyst, not perovskite, is responsible for NOx reduction during the rich conditions.
CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT: PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF THE PIPEVINE SWALLOWTAIL, BATTUS PHILENOR (PAPILIONIDAE)

We examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in pipevine swallowtail butterflies (Battus philenor) from throughout its extant range to provide a historical, phylogeographical context for ecological studies of the disjunct population in California. We evaluate current hypotheses regarding host plant use, behavior, and mimetic relationships of B. philenor populations and generate alternative hypotheses. Compared to populations throughout the rest of the species' range, California populations are ecologically distinct in that they lack mimics, lay significantly larger clutches of eggs, and exclusively use a unique, endemic larval host plant. Analysis of molecular variance, tests of population differentiation, and nested clade analysis of mtDNA variation indicate that, despite low levels of population genetic structure across the species' range, there is evidence of recent range expansion from presumed Pleistocene refuge(s) in southeastern North America. Colonization of California appears to have been a recent event. This phylogeographic investigation also suggests that the evolution of life-history adaptations to a novel larval host has occurred rapidly in California and the lack of mimics in California may be attributable to the recency of colonization.
Messenger activity of nuclear RNA of frog embryos.

Abstract Equal amounts of neurula or larval nuclear RNA of developing frog embryos were injected into Xenopus oocytes that were incubated in a medium containing a labeled amino acid. Neurula nuclear RNA stimulated protein synthesis more than larval nuclear RNA.
Acoustic impulse responses for nonuniform media

Abstract The acoustic impulse responses of a family of nonuniform lossless one-dimensional media are determined. The nonuniform portions of the media are confined to layers of either finite or infinite thicknesses. The acoustic impedances of the nonuniform layers as functions of travel time are assumed known. The impulse responses are determined by evaluating the Fourier transforms of their reflection coefficients using infinite series expansions and contour integrations.
Metal vapour lasers: a review of recent progress

A brief review of metal vapour lasers is presented with an emphasis on the recent progress made in advancing metal vapour laser technology and applications. It is anticipated that new types of metal vapour lasers will be developed which take advantage of recently observed behaviours of high pressure copper vapour lasers. For example, collisional excitation energy transfer may make it possible to develop efficient single wavelength copper vapour lasers at high pressures. Also, use of new discharge schemes such as high power microwave discharges may significantly advance the metal vapour laser technology. A variety of new applications should also be realized in the years to come.
Use of cloned populations of mouse lymphocytes to analyze cellular differentiation

We describe a method for generation of homogeneous cell populations that each arise from clonal expansion of cells at a discrete stage of differentiation within a single lineage. We have used this to produce continuously propagatable lymphocyte clones. Each clone represents a cell at a progressive stage of thymus-dependent cellular differentiation. These cloned cells bear stable surface membrane glycoproteins characteristic of precursor cells and mature progeny; conditions allowing maximal cloning efficiencies for each cell type (10-85%) have been established. Mature lymphocyte clones continue to express specialized function and provide material for biochemical analysis of T lymphocyte functions; one fully differentiated clone from the "inducer" lymphocyte set synthesizes a molecule that activates other lymphocytes to secrete immunoglobulin. This activity is associated with a highly purified molecule having a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of approximately 6.0. This molecule, together with clones of precursor and mature T lymphocytes, may provide a system to further study the mechanisms of gene activation during cellular differentiation.
Unsuspected bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae: Outcome in children not initially admitted to hospital

Children not initially admitted to the hospital accounted for 42 of 94 episodes of bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae . Antibiotics were prescribed for 22 of the 42 children who were initially sent home; at second visit, 17 were improved, including all 13 with pneumonia. No antibiotics were prescribed for 20 children; at second visit, 15 had persistent fever or new focal infection and five had resolution of symptoms. New diagnoses of focal infection were made at second visit in three of the 22 treated and in 11 of the 20 untreated children, including three who had a new diagnosis of meningitis (one treated with antibiotics initially; two not treated). Cultures of blood positive for H. influenzae were obtained at second visit in ten children who were not treated initially; no child who was treated initially had a second positive culture. These findings indicate that although young children with bacteremia due to H. influenzae may be mildly ill at first visit, many are at risk for development of serious focal infection, including meningitis.
Mobile in vivo camera robots provide sole visual feedback for abdominal exploration and cholecystectomy

The use of small incisions in laparoscopy reduces patient trauma, but also limits the surgeon’s ability to view and touch the surgical environment directly. These limitations generally restrict the application of laparoscopy to procedures less complex than those performed during open surgery. Although current robot-assisted laparoscopy improves the surgeon’s ability to manipulate and visualize the target organs, the instruments and cameras remain fundamentally constrained by the entry incisions. This limits tool tip orientation and optimal camera placement. The current work focuses on developing a new miniature mobile in vivo adjustable-focus camera robot to provide sole visual feedback to surgeons during laparoscopic surgery. A miniature mobile camera robot was inserted through a trocar into the insufflated abdominal cavity of an anesthetized pig. The mobile robot allowed the surgeon to explore the abdominal cavity remotely and view trocar and tool insertion and placement without entry incision constraints. The surgeon then performed a cholecystectomy using the robot camera alone for visual feedback. This successful trial has demonstrated that miniature in vivo mobile robots can provide surgeons with sufficient visual feedback to perform common procedures while reducing patient trauma.
Miniprep for Chloroplast DNA Isolation

Abstract This paper describes a procedure for the isolation and purification of chloroplastic DNA (cpDNA) designed for undergraduate research projects. It is a modification of the procedures from Doyle and Doyle ( Phytochem. Bull. , 1987, 19 , 11-15), Marmur ( Mol. Biol. , 1961, 3 , 208-218), and Palmer (Isolation and structural analysis of chloroplast DNA. In Methods for Molecular Biology (A. Weissbach and H. Weissbach. Eds.), pp. 105-124. Academic Press, New York, 1988). The procedure is rapid and inexpensive and reduces the amount of plant leaf material needed by 95%. Yields are approximately 1.0 mg of cpDNA per 5 g leaf material and of good initial purity.
Effective-action approach to mean-field non-Abelian statics, and a model for bag formation

I propose a simple set of equations for mean-field non-Abelian statics with $c$-number sources, at general inverse temperature $\ensuremath{\beta}$, working from the Euclidean path-integral representation of the Hamiltonian partition function. The problem of finding the background-field configuration, and the mean-field potential, for point sources can be reduced to a classical differential equation problem involving a suitably defined thermal effective action functional. As an application I study the interaction of a pair of static classical sources coupled to a quantized SU(2) gauge field, using the simplified model defined by keeping only the leading-logarithm renormalization-group improvement to the local Euclidean action functional. I prove that the mean-field potential in this model grows at least linearly with the source separation, giving a simple model for bag formation. The use of these methods to construct a leading approximation to the $q\overline{q}$ binding problem in SU(3) quantum chromodynamics is discussed in two appendices. Appendix A describes the use of color-charge-algebra methods to generate an equivalent classical source problem, while Appendix B develops the properties of the transformation to a running coupling constant for which the one-loop renormalization group is exact. As a consistency check, in Appendix C I calculate the total mean-field ground-state energy, with source kinetic terms included, and show that it has the expected form.
Counter/public address: Nuyorican poetries in the slam era

The new generation of Puerto Rican performance poets affiliated with the Nuyorican Poets Cafe during the slam era (post-1990) develop self-reflexive poetics that both depart from and continue the foundational Nuyorican poetries of the 1960s and 1970s. Willie Perdomo revisits outlaw poets (Miguel Pinero, Pedro Pietri) and singers (Hector Lavoe, La Lupe) in an effort to reflect on the paradox of a neoliberal city that commodifies Nuyoricans while perpetuating their historic exclusion. Mayda del Valle mines the rhythms and sounds of salsa for a vernacular speech act that can found new modes of counterpublic relation, beyond discourses of recognition and visibility. Whereas recent debates among Latino Studies scholars have emphasized distinctions between the decolonial politics of the 1960s/1970s and a market-savvy “post-1960s” politics, these younger poets split the difference between pragmatic and oppositional poetics, instead rethinking the institutional space of both poem and body in a global context.