cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Activation by Non-Heme Iron Enzymes: A Ring-Side Seat.

Research during the 54 years since the discovery of non-heme iron oxygenase enzymes has revealed a remarkable diversity in the strategies used for O2 activation. Many of these are represented in dioxygenase enzymes that introduce oxygen atoms from O2 into aromatic compounds (1). These include direct oxygen activation by external electron transfer to the redox-active mononuclear iron in Rieske dioxygenases, Fe(II)-mediated internal electron transfer from the substrate to O2 in extradiol dioxygenases, and Fe(III)-mediated spin inversion during internal electron transfer from substrate to O2 in intradiol dioxygenases. Recently, the exploration of these mechanisms has moved forward through the combined use of transient kinetics, spectroscopic characterizations, high level computations, and X-ray crystallographic techniques that allow the visualization of discrete intermediates. For each enzyme class, catalysis is found to depend on an elegant balance between the Lewis acidity, redox, and ligand exchange properties of the metal, the traditional structural and catalytic properties of the second sphere residues of the active site, and the less-appreciated contributions from structural dynamics that encompass the entire enzyme. Together, these mediate not only specific catalysis, but just as importantly, regulated catalysis that mitigates against the activation of O2 without attendant substrate oxygenation.
Re-Wiring the Network: Understanding the Mechanism and Function of Anastomosis in Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi

Anastomosis captured the imagination of early mycologists, and numerous studies describing the morphology of hyphal fusion in ascomycete and basidiomycete species have been published. However, work describing mutant phenotypes or the molecular function of genes and proteins required for anastomosis in filamentous fungi has largely been ignored. Advances in cell biology techniques and live cell imaging of the hyphal fusion process will hopefully lead to an increased awareness and interest in this important aspect of filamentous fungal biology. In addition, advances in molecular and genetic tractability of a variety of filamentous fungi, and the availability of genome sequences will lead to in-depth comparative analyses that will, hopefully, begin to reveal the rich tapestry of inter- and intrahyphal communication that accompanies both developmental and morphogenetic processes. Many questions regarding the mechanism and function of hyphal anastomosis remain unanswered. What are the diffusible chemotropic molecules responsible for causing fusion-competent hyphae to grow toward each other, and how do they regulate Spitzenkorper behavior? Is the signal transduction machinery involved in regulating hyphal homing and fusion between conidial germlings the same or different to that involved in homing and fusion between hyphae in the colony interior? How similar or different are the signaling and fusion machineries involved in vegetative stages vis-a-vis those involved in sexual stages of the life cycle? Finally, what selective advantage maintains the capacity of germlings and hyphae to undergo anastomosis, and under what conditions?
Non-traditional Sources of Labour: Women, Pensioners and Students

This chapter is the first of three which are devoted to the exploration of two major questions. The first question deals with how decisions are made by individuals when choosing forms of employment either alternative to or in addition to their normal full-time, year-round job. From this perspective the analysis is about the decision-making process between work and leisure that is made from below by the Soviet household. We are looking at the individual through a microscope. The second question in a real sense represents the flip side of the first. It is an explanation of policy-making at the apex of the Soviet system. Here we look through a telescope to find the kinds of policies that are being pursued to deal with the seemingly insoluble labour shortage facing the nation.
The limpet form in gastropods: evolution, distribution, and implications for the comparative study of history

The limpet form – a cap-shaped or slipper-shaped univalved shell – convergently evolved in many gastropod lineages, but questions remain about when, how often, and under which circumstances it originated. Except for some predation-resistant limpets in shallow-water marine environments, limpets are not well adapted to intense competition and predation, leading to the prediction that they originated in refugial habitats where exposure to predators and competitors is low. A survey of fossil and living limpets indicates that the limpet form evolved independently in at least 54 lineages, with particularly frequent origins in early-diverging gastropod clades, as well as in Neritimorpha and Heterobranchia. There are at least 14 origins in freshwater and 10 in the deep sea, with known times ranging from the Cambrian to the Neogene. Shallow-water limpets are most diverse at mid-latitudes; predation-resistant taxa are rare in cold water and absent in freshwater. These patterns contrast with the mainly Late Cretaceous and Caenozoic warm-water origins of features such as the labral tooth, enveloped shell, varices, and burrowing-enhancing sculpture that confer defensive and competitive benefits on molluscs.
Comparison of Physiological Parameters Useful for Assessment of Activity of Antifungal Agents in Feed and Ingredients 1, 2, 3

Propionic acid at all levels tried (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/g of substrate) decreased the total mold count of poultry feed of 15 or 20% H2O content, but increased the count at 25 or 30% H2O content. The paradoxical effect which was time-dependent could be explained on the basis that the total mold count reflected the status of spores rather than the total fungal activity. Assessments of antifungal activity based on respiratory activity, such as weight loss of substrate, heat production and changes in CO2, O2, and H2O content of feed but not pH, did not display such paradoxical behavior. Measurement of CO2 production from feed and ingredients for assessment of antifungal agents was preferred for its ease, speed, economy, accuracy and precision. The findings that most of the CO2 was produced aerobically (assuming a respiratory quotient of 1.0), that yeasts, bacteria, and some fungi produced some CO2 anaerobically, that selective inhibitors of isolates from com meal could not differentiate the production of CO2 from corn meal by bacteria, yeast and fungi, that all three types of microorganisms were active at water concentrations likely to occur in stored feed and ingredients, and that differential plate counts revealed increases in all three classes suggested that all three classes are involved in deterioration of feed ingredients. Consequently, antifungal agents used in feed and ingredients need broad antimicrobial activity and the methods for the assessment of antifungal agents should detect this broad spectrum of activity.
Mental Toughness among College Athletes

In order to prepare and conduct this study, a series of processes were conducted. The following conveys the essential information that will expose the procedures conducted to address the relevant purposes. Participants All National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes at one university located in the southern United States were invited to participate in this study. Of the 18 teams, 15 agreed to participate (83.33%) including athletes (n=174) from 10 different sports. Among these athletes, 116 were female (66.67%) and 58 were male (33.33%). Most were in their first year (40%) and had an average of 2.03 years (s=1.102) of college playing experience and 11.33 total years (s=3.934) of playing experience in their respective sports. The majority of participants were athletes on individual/dual sport teams (76%).
Life (and limb) in the fast-lane: disposable people as infrastructure in Kampala’s boda boda industry

Motorcycle taxis, dubbed boda bodas, constitute a vital aspect of Kampala’s transportation infrastructure, yet the industry is perpetually precarious, threatened with wholesale eviction. Moreover, ...
Assessment of neuro-optometric rehabilitation using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in adults with acquired brain injury

Abstract Purpose This pilot study sought to determine the efficacy of using the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test in the adult, acquired brain injury (ABI) population to quantify clinically the effects of controlled, laboratory-performed, oculomotor-based vision therapy/vision rehabilitation. Methods Nine adult subjects with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and five with stroke were assessed before and after an eight-week, computer-based, versional oculomotor (fixation, saccades, pursuit, and simulated reading) training program (9.6 h total). The protocol incorporated a cross-over, interventional design with and without the addition of auditory feedback regarding two-dimensional eye position. The clinical outcome measure was the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test score (ratio, errors) taken before, midway, and immediately following training. Results For the DEM ratio parameter, improvements were found in 80–89% of the subjects. For the DEM error parameter, improvements were found in 100% of the subjects. Incorporation of the auditory feedback component revealed a trend toward enhanced performance. The findings were similar for both DEM parameters, as well as for incorporation of the auditory feedback, in both diagnostic groups. Discussion The results of the present study demonstrated considerable improvements in the DEM test scores following the oculomotor-based training, thus reflecting more time-optimal and accurate saccadic tracking after the training. The DEM test should be considered as another clinical test of global saccadic tracking performance in the ABI population.
Factors Associated with Occurrence of Radiation-induced Optic Neuropathy at "Safe" Radiation Dosage.

BACKGROUND Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a rare, and often visually devastating, complication of radiation therapy (RT) near the anterior visual pathways. METHODS A retrospective case series of patients who developed RION at a tertiary medical center, followed by a case-control study comparing RION cases with matched controls who received RT. RESULTS Thirteen patients (18 eyes) with RION were identified. Radiation modalities included external beam photon radiation, whole brain radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, proton beam, and unknown. Most patients received doses below published "safe" thresholds (<55 Gy; <8-10 Gy for stereotactic radiosurgery). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of vasculopathic factors between cases and controls; on subgroup analysis in three patients who received surprisingly low radiation doses, smoking (p=0.05) and hypertension (p=0.02) appeared more prevalent. CONCLUSION RION can occur at doses below published "safe" thresholds and with different RT modalities. Smoking and hypertension might be risk factors for RION.
A study of moisture and thermally induced die stresses in plastic ball grid array packages

Electronic packages absorb moisture when exposed to uncontrolled humid conditions during manufacturing processes and service life. At high temperatures, the effects of moisture absorption on electronic packages become even more significant. A number of failure modes are caused by moisture effects such as popcorn cracking, delamination, and electrochemical migration. In this study, the effects of moisture on die stresses in Plastic Ball Grid Array (PBGA) packages have been explored. The tested PBGAs were 27 × 27 mm in size, with 416 solder balls on a 1 mm pitch. They were assembled with silicon die of two different die sizes were used (5 × 5 and 10 × 10 mm). The complete state of stress at various points on the die surface was obtained using stress sensing test chip technology. The samples were exposed to a harsh high temperature and high humidity environment (MSL 1–85 °C, 85% RH) for various time durations, and allowed to adsorb moisture. The variations of the die stresses at several locations were characterized as a function of time during the hygrothermal exposure. The weight of each sample was also measured during the moisture exposure to quantify the uptake of water. After the moisture exposure, the samples were then baked in thermal chamber (85 °C) to check the reversibility of moisture absorption and die stress variation. In addition to the experiments at the package level, an investigation on the moisture properties of the BT substrate and mold compound in the PBGA was completed. The moisture properties (diffusivity D, saturated concentration Csat, and coefficient of moisture expansion β) of each material were experimentally obtained. Unlike the traditional method of measuring the out-of-plane coefficient of moisture expansion (CME) using a TMA instrument, a new approach was used in this work to characterize the in-plane CMEs using a nanoindentation system. Finally, a finite element numerical simulation was performed, and the predictions were correlated with the experimental results. The measured moisture properties obtained earlier were used in the model. Unlike conventional approaches using the moisture-thermal analogy, an advanced approach was implemented to perform coupled multi-physics simulations of the moisture diffusion process without the limitations that can be seen in conventional method. Good agreements between numerical predictions and experimental results were observed. Both the measurements and numerical simulations provided a valuable insight on moisture induced failure phenomena in Plastic Ball Grid Array Packages.
Contextualizing the Novel in the Victorian Literature Classroom

How does one fit the “loose baggy monster” that is the nineteenth-century novel within the confines of an undergraduate course in Victorian literature? Professors face such a question every academic year, as they struggle to balance the novel, nonfiction prose, poetry, and drama in all-inclusive Victorian period course. Gains and losses attend every choice, whether one chooses to focus on a single novel like Dickens’s Bleak House or to assign a variety of “shorter” fiction like Wuthering Heights or Cranford (all in an effort to give equal attention to the poetry of Tennyson and Christina Rossetti, for instance). As the chapter ultimately contends, Victorian cultural studies offer a model for the integration of generically disparate material around questions of history, culture, and representation.
Hot carrier reliability in LDMOS devices

This paper discusses hot carrier (HC) reliability in LDMOS devices. First we review various HC degradation mechanisms for LDMOS devices. Then we discuss how to reduce HC degradation in LDMOS devices.
Primary central nervous system vasculitis associated with lymphoma.

Objectives To record the clinical findings, response to therapy, and course of patients with primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) associated with lymphoma. Patients and Methods We reviewed the histories of 936 patients with a diagnosis of any type of vasculitis and lymphoma who were seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 32-year period. Ten patients with both PCNSV and lymphoma were identified. We compared the findings in these 10 patients with those from 158 patients with PCNSV without lymphoma seen over 29 years. Results Ten of a total of 168 (5.9%) patients with PCNSV also had a history of lymphoma: 6 with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 4 with non-HL (NHL). A granulomatous vasculitis was found in all 8 patients with cerebral biopsies, accompanied by vascular deposits of β-amyloid peptide in 2. In 7 patients, medical diagnostic workup for PCNSV revealed the lymphoma. Compared to the 158 patients with PCNSV without lymphoma, patients with lymphoma were more frequently male ( p = 0.04), had increased gadolinium leptomeningeal enhancement ( p = 0.03) at presentation, and had more neurologic disability at last follow-up ( p = 0.01). No significant differences in treatment response were observed in the 2 groups ( p = 0.202). Considering all 168 patients, increased disability at last follow-up was associated with increasing age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.4), lymphoma (OR 5.9), and cerebral infarction (OR 3.2), while reduced disability was associated with gadolinium–enhanced lesions (OR 0.43) and amyloid angiopathy (OR O.23). Conclusions Lymphoma may be diagnosed simultaneously with PCNSV, suggesting an immunologic paraneoplastic mechanism.
Ecology and Silviculture of the Spruce-Fir Forests of Eastern North America

Using the climax forest as a guide to growing the species best suited to the climate and the site, the author offers a silvicultural system for managing the spruce-fir forests of eastern North America. Based on ecological principles, such silviculture is aimed to bring about forests that are inherently healthy and have a natural resistance to insects and disease.
Assessing the effectiveness of Landsat 8 chlorophyll a retrieval algorithms for regional freshwater monitoring.

Predicting algal blooms has become a priority for scientists, municipalities, businesses, and citizens. Remote sensing offers solutions to the spatial and temporal challenges facing existing lake research and monitoring programs that rely primarily on high-investment, in situ measurements. Techniques to remotely measure chlorophyll a (chl a) as a proxy for algal biomass have been limited to specific large water bodies in particular seasons and narrow chl a ranges. Thus, a first step toward prediction of algal blooms is generating regionally robust algorithms using in situ and remote sensing data. This study explores the relationship between in-lake measured chl a data from Maine and New Hampshire, USA lakes and remotely sensed chl a retrieval algorithm outputs. Landsat 8 images were obtained and then processed after required atmospheric and radiometric corrections. Six previously developed algorithms were tested on a regional scale on 11 scenes from 2013 to 2015 covering 192 lakes. The best performing algorithm across data from both states had a 0.16 correlation coefficient (R2 ) and P ≤ 0.05 when Landsat 8 images within 5 d, and improved to R2 of 0.25 when data from Maine only were used. The strength of the correlation varied with the specificity of the time window in relation to the in-situ sampling date, explaining up to 27% of the variation in the data across several scenes. Two previously published algorithms using Landsat 8's Bands 1-4 were best correlated with chl a, and for particular late-summer scenes, they accounted for up to 69% of the variation in in-situ measurements. A sensitivity analysis revealed that a longer time difference between in situ measurements and the satellite image increased uncertainty in the models, and an effect of the time of year on several indices was demonstrated. A regional model based on the best performing remote sensing algorithm was developed and was validated using independent in situ measurements and satellite images. These results suggest that, despite challenges including seasonal effects and low chl a thresholds, remote sensing could be an effective and accessible regional-scale tool for chl a monitoring programs in lakes.
Design and implementation of query languages for program databases

Querying and analyzing source code is an essential aspect of a variety of software engineering tasks such as program understanding, reverse engineering, and program analysis. Current source code query mechanisms seem unable to combine expressive power and query compactness within a single framework; either they are highly expressive and involve writing queries as procedural code, or they have easy user interfaces with restricted expressive power. This dissertation presents a highly expressive, applicative solution to the source code query problem by letting users express complex source code queries and views as algebraic expressions. This paradigm shift in source code query processing is achieved by the design and implementation of an algebraic source code query language (Source Code Algebra or SCA) that interfaces with an object-oriented database populated with program source code. The SCA algebraic approach offers many benefits. First, it equips its users with an expressive and compact formal query language that can handle a variety of structural and flow information in a seamless manner. Second, it offers powerful capabilities for software view generation. Third, it serves as a unifying framework for formally expressing source code queries that have traditionally been dealt in isolation by graphical, relational, or pattern-based query languages. Finally, its algebraic formalism offers opportunities for query optimization. SCA is an order-sorted algebra that has a computational power equivalent to that of relational algebra extended with generalized transitive closure and sequence operations. In addition to the algebraic query paradigm, the dissertation also explores a pattern-based query paradigm for source code using a tool called SCRUPLE. Prototype query processing systems based on SCA and SCRUPLE have been implemented and used to analyze C programs. Experimental results demonstrate that the algebraic approach to source code query and analysis combines the benefits of expressive power, compactness, and formalism within a single query language.
Kinetics of the Chemiluminescent Oxidation of Aqueous Br- by \({\text{R}\text{u} (\text{b}\text{i}\text{p}\text{y}\text{r})_3}^{3+}\)

A number of examples of chemiluminescent, CL, redox reactions are now known, for which the emission comes from an excited state coordination compound. The best known case is that of the reduction of \({\text{R}\text{u}\text{L}_3}^{3+}\), L= 2,2’-bipyridine, by various reductants, with emission from the lowest charge transfer excited state of the product, \([{\text{R}\text{u}\text{L}_3}^{3+}]^*\) (Lytle, 1971; Gafney 1975; Martin 1972; Vogler 1981; Bolletta 1981, 1982; El-Sayed 1987). As other examples, emission from the doublet thexi state of \({\text{C}\text{r}\text{L}_3}^{3+}\) has been observed on oxidation of \({\text{C}\text{r}\text{L}_3}^{2+}\) by \({\text{R}\text{u}\text{L}_3}^{3+}\) (Vogler 1981) as well as the CL oxidation of \({\text{M}\text{o}_6\text{C}\text{l}_{14}}^{3-}\) or reduction of \({\text{M}\text{o}_6\text{C}\text{l}_{14}}^-\) (El-Sayed 1987). Also, a pair of reactant species may be generated electrochemically, to give an emitting excited state product on back reaction (Bolletta 1982; Nocera 1984; Luong 1978, Rubinstein 1981). The typical CL reaction is fast however, and detailed kinetic studies are rare.
Noroviruses, Sapoviruses, and Astroviruses

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is among the most common diseases of humankind affecting people of all ages but particularly children and the elderly. In developing countries, AGE remains one of the most important causes of death in children. In decades past, the etiology of the majority of cases of AGE remained unidentified. More recently, improvements in diagnostics and their application in epidemiological studies has revealed viruses as the cause of the majority of cases of AGE. Norovirus is now recognized as the most common cause of both outbreaks and sporadic cases of AGE, and in some countries, including the United States, is the leading cause of foodborne disease. Norovirus is transmitted both by the fecal-oral and vomitus-oral routes and through a number of pathways, including direct person-to-person, environmental, food and waterborne transmission. Noroviruses are a group of non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses classified into the genus Norovirus of the family Caliciviridae. With their low infectious dose, environmental stability, considerable genetic diversity and evasion of human immunity, these viruses have proven difficult to control and challenging to develop interventions against, including vaccines. Other genera within this virus family include Sapovirus, which also cause AGE in humans, though at a lower incidence than norovirus. Infection with noroviruses and sapovirses is not believed to confer life-long immunity, so disease occurs across the age-range. Astroviruses, also reviewed here, are non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Astroviridae. Astroviruses have been detected in all age groups, but most infections are in children < 2 years of age and tend to be relatively mild.
To select or to wait? Response to the commentaries

ABSTRACTIn [Nozari, N., & Hepner, C. R. (2018). To select or to wait? The importance of criterion setting in debates of competitive lexical selection. Cognitive Neuropsychology. Advance online publ...
An Agent-Based Systems Pharmacology Model of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Kadcyla to Predict Efficacy of Different Dosing Regimens

The pharmaceutical industry has invested significantly in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with five FDA-approved therapies and several more showing promise in late-stage clinical trials. The FDA-approved therapeutic Kadcyla (ado-trastuzumab emtansine or T-DM1) can extend the survival of patients with tumors overexpressing HER2. However, tumor histology shows that most T-DM1 localizes perivascularly, but coadministration with its unconjugated form (trastuzumab) improves penetration of the ADC into the tumor and subsequent treatment efficacy. ADC dosing schedule, e.g., dose fractionation, has also been shown to improve tolerability. However, it is still not clear how coadministration with carrier doses impacts efficacy in terms of receptor expression, dosing regimens, and payload potency. Here, we develop a hybrid agent-based model (ABM) to capture ADC and/or antibody delivery and to predict tumor killing and growth kinetics. The results indicate that a carrier dose improves efficacy when the increased number of cells targeted by the ADC outweighs the reduced fractional killing of the targeted cells. The threshold number of payloads per cell required for killing plays a pivotal role in defining this cutoff. Likewise, fractionated dosing lowers ADC efficacy due to lower tissue penetration from a reduced maximum plasma concentration. It is only beneficial when an increase in tolerability from fractionation allows a higher ADC/payload dose that more than compensates for the loss in efficacy from fractionation. Overall, the multiscale model enables detailed depictions of heterogeneous ADC delivery, cancer cell death, and tumor growth to show how carrier dosing impacts efficacy to design the most efficacious regimen.
Matching Psychosocial Support Needs of Parents of a Child with a Chronic Illness to a Feasible Intervention.

Parents of children with a chronic illness (CI) are at risk for psychosocial problems. The aim of this study was to refine an existing face-to-face intervention into an online psychosocial group intervention for parents by (1) exploring which themes are important, (2) determine what type of intervention parents would like and (3) assess parents’ practical preferences. Parents of children with a CI (0–18 years) were invited to complete an online questionnaire. To acquire more in-depth information, focus groups and telephone interviews were conducted. Descriptive statistics were used. 272 parents (mean age = 43.1 years, 85% female) participated. Three focus groups (15 parents) and seven telephone interviews were conducted. Most important themes were: the CI of the child, family functioning, taking care of yourself, relationships with others and practical support. Parents preferred a group with parents of children in the same age category. At first, parents preferred face-to-face contact. After an explanation and demonstration of an online intervention, parents became more positive about online support, mostly because they could participate from home. Parents have a need for psychosocial support focusing on different themes. Professionals should explain and demonstrate an online intervention to parents. Based on these results, Op Koers Online for parents was developed. An RCT to assess feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention is currently running.
Comparing Energy Efficiencies of SDN Hardware Based on Forwarding Configurations

The energy consumption of the information and communications technology (ICT) sector has been rising steadily and now it contributes to a sizeable portion of the global carbon emissions. The wired-network infrastructure is predicted to consume a significant portion of the total energy consumption in the coming decades, hence research efforts to reduce it are warranted. This research focuses on ascertaining the operational energy efficiency of network devices based on how they are configured. Software-defined networking (SDN) enables decoupling of the control and data planes and allows devices to make forwarding decisions based on simple, uniform forwarding entries. Therefore, SDN hardware is tested in order to normalize the network configurations which allows for a like-to-like comparison of the hardware. The testing results indicate that different device configuration parameters, such as the number of forwarding entries, the type of forwarding entries, the location of forwarding entries (in hardware or software), the number of parallel lookups of different forwarding entries, and the number of tables in which the forwarding entries are stored, have an impact on the Watt/Mbps value of the device.
Cesarean Section Scar Ectopic: Laparoscopic and Hysteroscopic Surgical Management

Study Objective To present a case of resection of cesarean section scar ectopic pregnancy with isthmocele repair using both laparoscopic and hysteroscopic techniques. Design N/A Setting Patient was positioned in the standard dorsal lithotomy position. Throughout the entirety of the video the patient is in Trendelenburg position. Patients or Participants A 25 yo G7P3124 who was diagnosed with a c-section scar ectopic pregnancy via 5w4d ultrasound after presenting with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. After being counseled on options for medical versus surgical management, she was initially treated with a dose of methotrexate. Upon further discussion the patient was transferred and opted for surgical management. Interventions In anticipation of potential significant blood loss, a laparoscopic tourniquet was placed at the lower uterine segment and the uterine arteries were skeletonized for easy ligation. A bladder flap was made at the level the vesicouterine peritoneum. The ectopic products of conception were removed hysteroscopically. The isthmocele was then resected and repaired laparoscopically. Finally, hysteroscopic inspection was used to confirm normal contour of the uterus and isthmocele repair. Measurements and Main Results Our patient underwent uncomplicated laparoscopic and hysteroscopic resection of cesarean section scar ectopic with isthmocele repair with minimal blood loss. She was discharged from PACU and was doing well at one week follow up. Conclusion There is currently no standard of care for management of cesarean section scar ectopic. When opting for surgical management it is important to anticipate possible complications, including dense adhesions and hemorrhage. In this video we provide a detailed combined hysteroscopic and laparoscopic approach to removal of cesarean scar ectopic. Techniques to minimize blood loss and reduce injury to surrounding organs are highlighted; including bladder distension, laparoscopic tourniquet, and uterine artery skeletonization. Anticipating and mitigating potential complications with these techniques leads to an optimal outcome.
The Causes of Populism in the West

The global ascendance of populism has produced an explosion of research, bringing together scholarship on American and comparative politics as well as encouraging intellectual exchange among politi...
Same or Different? How Distance and Variation Affect Similarity Judgments

The effects of distance and variation on product-category similarity judgments are examined in two studies. Distance hetween product categories is characterized as the mean difference in the average scores of all brands in one category with all brands in another on a comparison attribute. Variation is characterized as a degree of spread of brands along that comparison attribute. Study 1 finds that both distance and variation influence the perceived similarity of two product categories. An interaction between distance and variation is also observed. Study 2 is designed to replicate and extend these results, determining if distance and variation also affect similarity judgments when brands in the two product categories are not described by the same attributebut instead where a comparison attribute must be abstracted. The results confirm the main effects of distance and variation. However, the interaction effects between distance and variation disappear, suggesting that subjects lose some information about distribution knowledge in the abstraction process. Both studies support consumers' use of distribution knowledge about brands (distance and variation) in productcategory similarly judgment tasks.
Tools and tactics for postdischarge medication management interventions.

Purpose To identify interventions for organizational pharmacist-leaders and frontline pharmacy staff to optimize peri- and postdischarge medication management. Summary An evidence-based toolkit was systematically constructed on the basis of findings of 3 systematic overviews of systematic reviews. The interventions were reviewed by a technical expert panel and categorized as either tools or tactics. The identified tools are instruments such as diagrams, flow charts, lists, tables, and templates used in performing a distinct operation, whereas identified tactics reflect broader methods (eg, reduced dosing frequency). Tools and tactics were chosen on the basis of their potential to improve postdischarge medication management, with a focus on interventions led by pharmacy staff that may reduce hospital readmissions among older, sicker patients. Overall, 23 tools and 2 tactics were identified. The identified tools include items such as education, text messaging, and phone calls. The tactics identified are dose simplification and monetary incentives. Practical information has also been provided to facilitate implementation. Conclusion Several tools and tactics are available to optimize peri- and postdischarge medication management. Organizational pharmacist-leaders and frontline pharmacy staff can implement these interventions to improve patient outcomes.
DEM modeling and simulation of post-impact shotgun pellet ricochet for safety analysis:

Shotguns have increasingly used case-hardened steel pellets, as opposed to “classical” lead, owing to food safety and environmental concerns. Correspondingly, there is increasing concern about unin...
Toward an Improved Understanding of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy

This chapter attempts to clarify Washington’s ongoing conceptualization of the Indo-Pacific as a region, and to provide some thoughts on the state of the strategy. It finds that President Donald Trump was likely heavily influenced by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s approach of maintaining a “free and open” Indo-Pacific in the face of growing Chinese economic and military challenges. It further argues that America’s Indo-Pacific strategy is essentially enshrined in four key documents, including the National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy, Indo-Pacific Strategy Report, and A Free and Open Indo-Pacific. A distinct challenge for Washington’s Indo-Pacific strategy has been the apparent divergence between the letter and spirit of the strategy, on the one hand, and President Trump’s statements and actions on the other hand. But even in these cases, allies and partners to date have been quite forgiving because they seem to be willing to distinguish between the two and generally support the US vision. This chapter concludes with a discussion of ways in which Washington might strengthen the Indo-Pacific strategy going forward.
The Costs of Texting in the Classroom

Many college students seem to find it impossible to resist the temptation to text on electronic devices during class lectures and discussions. One common response of college professors is to yield to the inevitable and try to ignore student texting. However, research indicates that because of limited cognitive capacities, even simple texting can reduce comprehension of class material at a rate of 10–20%. We review that research and present our study of the effects of texting on comprehension. Proposed alternatives to ignoring texting or outright bans include using smartphones for classroom exercises, educating students about the dangers of multitasking, and the use of “technology breaks.”
Innervation of the human umbilical cord and umbilical vessels

Abstract With a modified methylene blue immersion technique, it has been possible to demonstrate neural fibers in cleared whole mounts of human umbilical cords. The nerve fibers run in Wharton's jelly and give off branches to form a plexus in the walls of the umbilical vessels. It is suggested that vasomotor responses in the umbilical vessels are mediated via a neural mechanism.
Increasing Women and Minority Engineering Numbers

The nation’s engineering schools, American industry, the Federal government, and a number of philantropic foundations have joined together to help resolve a major U.S. social and economic issue - the lack of women and minority participation in the engineering profession. The challenge has been to increase the number of women and minority graduates from our engineering colleges to the point that parity between ethnic and racial groups is achieved, and the number of women engineers significantly increased. A national time-table of 18 years has been set for achieving the goal of minority parity for incoming freshman students; the clock started running in 1973 and we are now at the five-year midpoint. The program appears to be on schedule; the number of freshman minority students has doubled to about 7,500 during the initial five years. This is good news, but the 1982 entering class will have to have twice again as many minority students if parity is to be approached. This report describes the program at New Mexico State University.
Bidirectional excision in methyl-directed mismatch repair

Using electron microscopy and indirect end-labeling methods, we have examined excision tracts produced by the Escherichia coli methyl-directed mismatch repair system on a closed circular G-T heteroduplex that contains a single d(GATC) site. Despite differing polarities of the unmodified strand in the two hemimethylated derivatives of the heteroduplex, that portion of the unmethylated strand spanning the shorter path between the d(GATC) site and mismatch is targeted for excision in both cases. Mismatch-provoked excision occurring on both hemimethylated DNAs requires DNA helicase II, but exonuclease requirements for the reaction depend on heteroduplex orientation. When the d(GATC) sequence on the unmodified strand resides 3' to the mismatch as viewed along the shorter path, excision requires exonuclease I. Excision occurring on the alternate hemimethylated heteroduplex depends on the 5'--> 3' hydrolytic activity of exonuclease VII. Coupled with the previous demonstration that repair initiates via the mismatch-provoked, MutHLS-dependent incision of the unmethylated strand at a d(GATC) sequence (Au, K.G., Welsh, K., and Modrich, P. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 12142-12148), these findings indicate an excision mechanism in which helicase II displacement renders the incised strand sensitive to the appropriate single-strand exonuclease. Our data imply that hydrolysis commences at the d(GATC) site, proceeds to a point beyond the mismatch, and terminates at a number of discrete sites within a 100-nucleotide region just beyond this site. The extent of excision is therefore controlled by one or more components of the repair system.
Tetralogy of Fallot: General Principles of Management

Repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common diagnoses encountered when caring for adults with congenital heart disease. Although long-term survival after childhood TOF repair is excellent, morbidity is common and most patients require reintervention in adulthood. This review provides an overview of key surveillance and management issues for adults with TOF, including residual right ventricular outflow tract disease and timing of pulmonary valve replacement, arrhythmias and risk stratification, left-sided heart disease and heart failure, and pregnancy management.
Stimulation of DNA Synthesis by Big and Little Gastrin (G-34 and G-17)

Fasted rats were injected six times over a 48-hr period with G-17 I, G-17 II, or G-34 II in doses doubling from 3.38 nmoles per kg to 54 nmoles per kg. Twelve rats were studied at each dose. NaCl-injected animals were used as controls. The rats were killed and the in vitro incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA as well as the total DNA content of the mucosa of the duodenum and oxyntic gland area of the stomach were determined. All gastrins, as well as pentagastrin, stimulated DNA synthesis. Peak stimulation occurred at 13.5 nmoles per kg for G-17 I and G-17 II and at 6.75 nmoles per kg for G-34 II. Pentagastrin's peak trophic effect was produced by 325 nmoles per kg. In order to compare the efficacies of the various types of gastrins, 60 rats were dived into groups of 12. One group received saline and the other four groups received the maximally effective dose of one of the four types of gastrins. The responses to each of the gastrins were not significantly different, and DNA synthesis was doubled in each tissue. Total DNA content increased slightly, but significantly, in response to each gastrin. Several conclusions can be drawn from these data: (1) G-17 and G-34 possess trophic activity; (2) the efficacies of pentagastrin, G-17 I, G-17 II, and G-34 II for the stimulation of DNA synthesis are not significantly different; (3) sulfation of G-17 has no significant effect on its trophic activity; (4) based on the effects of exogenous molar doses and their respective half-lives, both G-17 and G-34 would be expected to contribute to the trophic effect of endogenous gastrin; and (5) G-17 and G-34 are at least as effective in stimulating DNA synthesis as they are in stimulating gastric acid secretion.
The evolving management of infected pancreatic necrosis.

Management of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) has for decades been based on early operative debridement. This approach is associated with mortality rates as high as 58 per cent. Recently, the care of these patients has evolved and emphasizes delayed operation and early intervention with percutaneous drainage. In 2002, we began to incorporate these new principles for the treatment of IPN and herein characterize the recent UCLA experience with management of IPN. A retrospective review of patients with IPN treated at UCLA between 2002 and 2011 was conducted. Mean patient age was 53.4 years. Mean Ranson’s score was 3.3 ± 2.3 and average number of concurrent comorbidities 3.2 ± 2.5. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics. Thirteen of 18 patients (72.2%) had percutaneous drainage catheters placed (mean 1.1 drains per patient). Two patients were treated with percutaneous drainage alone. Sixteen of 18 (88.9%) eventually underwent surgical debridement. Of the operative patients, mean time from diagnosis to surgery was 28.4 days. The mortality in this group was 16.7 per cent. In conclusion, antibiotics and percutaneous drainage is an acceptable and possibly preferable initial therapeutic strategy for patients with IPN. Delayed operation and early intervention with percutaneous drainage appears to improve mortality for these patients.
BB&T, Atlas Shrugged, and the Ethics of Corporation Influence on College Curricula

Tuition and government funding does not adequately support the mission of many colleges and universities, and increasingly, corporations are responding to this need by making payments to institutions of higher learning with significant contracted expectations, including influence of the curriculum and content of college courses. One large, public banking corporation, BB&T, has funded grants to more than 60 colleges and universities in the United States to address what the corporation refers to as the “moral foundations of capitalism.” These grants vary in size but average $1.1 million and typically require design of a new course that includes discussion of Atlas Shrugged, one of the novels of the author Ayn Rand. With many of the participating universities, the agreement with BB&T also stipulates the creation of chaired faculty positions, library reading rooms, designated capitalism centers, speaker series, scholarships, and the distribution of free student copies of Atlas Shrugged. Several ethics concerns about these grants, including their threat to academic freedom, are discussed in this article, as well as the need for focused guidance for university administrators regarding the temptation of large donations with attached questionable expectations.
Applied computational geometry — Abstract

Computational Geometry has been a thriving research area for the past 20 years. During that time, the field has grown from a handful of researchers working on a small set of problems to a full-blown research area with multiple conferences and journals and many hundreds of researchers. The initial motivation for the field was to develop algorithms that would find application in practice in other fields.
Observation-Based Assessment of the Impact of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Reductions on Ozone Air Quality over the Eastern United States

Abstract Ozone is produced by chemical interactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. At high concentrations, ground-level ozone has been shown to be harmful to human health and to the environment. It has been recognized that ozone is a regional-scale problem and that regionwide control strategies would be needed to improve ozone air quality in the eastern United States. To mitigate interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a regional rule in 1998 known as the “NOx State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call,” requiring 21 states in the eastern United States to reduce their summertime NOx emissions by 30 May 2004. In this paper, the effectiveness of the new emission control measures mandated by the NOx SIP Call is assessed by quantifying the changes that occurred in the daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations measured at nearly 50 locations, most of which are rural (33 sites of the Clean Air Status an...
Patterns of Condom Acquisition by Condom-Using Men in the United States

Condom-distribution programs have striven to make condoms more accessible to sexually active individuals, particularly adolescents and populations disproportionately affected by HIV and other STIs. Despite such programs, little is known about where condom-using men in the United States acquire their condoms. The purpose of this study was to document condom-access trends among a large sample of sexually active condom-using men in the United States. Data were collected from 1,832 men from all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia by using an Internet-based survey in which men provided details regarding the source of condoms that they had used within the past 30 days. Men reported acquiring their condoms from a variety of sources, including free condom-distribution programs (56.7%) and from venues where they had purchased condoms for themselves (75.7%). Bivariate analyses indicated that participants who reported using free condoms tended to be younger, self-identified as not heterosexual, or not currently in a monogamous relationship. Further, results indicated that those participants who accessed only free condoms did not differ from those who used only purchased condoms, indicating that perhaps efforts to make condoms more accessible through public health distribution campaigns are reaching a more general population of condom-using men than expected. Findings illustrate the importance of continuing free condom-distribution efforts but also suggest benefits of facilitating linkages between public health and a community's retail venues to increase access to the growing diversity of condoms in the marketplace.