cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REPAIR OF PATELLAR TENDON INJURIES USING A CELL COLLAGEN COMPOSITE

Collagen gels were seeded with rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and contracted onto sutures at initial cell densities of 1, 4, and 8 million cells/ml. These MSC-collagen composites were then implanted into full thickness, full length, central defects created in the patellar tendons of the animals providing the cells. These autologous repairs were compared to natural repair of identical defects on the contralateral side. Biomechanical, histological, and morphometric analyses were performed on both repair tissue types at 6, 12, and 26 weeks after surgery. Repair tissues containing the MSC-collagen composites showed significantly higher maximum stresses and moduli than natural repair tissues at 12 and 26 weeks postsurgery. However, no significant differences were observed in any dimensional or mechanical properties of the repair tissues across seeding densities at each evaluation time. By 26 weeks, the repairs grafted with MSC-collagen composites were one-fourth of the maximum stress of the normal central portion of the patellar tendon with bone ends. The modulus and maximum stress of the repair tissues grafted with MSC-collagen composites increased at significantly faster rates than did natural repairs over time. Unexpectedly, 28% of the MSC-collagen grafted tendons formed bone in the regenerating repair site. Except for increased repair tissue volume, no significant differences in cellular organization or histological appearance were observed between the natural repairs and MSC-collagen grafted repairs. Overall, these results show that surgically implanting tissue engineered MSC-collagen composites significantly improves the biomechanical properties of tendon repair tissues, although greater MSC concentrations produced no additional significant histological or biomechanical improvement.
Application of scanning and transmitting electron micrography in the differentiation of soil streptomycetes

Abstract Two strains of Streptomyces were compared on the basis of their cultural characteristics and spore morphology. Spores were examined by transmitting and scanning electron microscopy. Certain morphological differences were observed by the several methods used. Due to the differences in procedures of specimen preparation and the electronic characteristics of the two types of electron microscopy, the spores of the two streptomycetes showed differences in morphological characteristics when observed with the two electron microscope systems.
Dynamic simulation in the design and analysis of water reuse units

Abstract To provide the flexibility to meet a range of requirements in the design and analysis of water resuse units, a general purpose dynamic process simulator tailored to water reuse application has been developed. Because many wastewater streams are characterized by time-varying flows and concentrations, unsteady state considerations are and essential part of the analysis. Model parameters for the simulation are based on data obtained from experimental tests on the performance of the various unit processes on the wastewater to be processed. These model parameters and the plant configuration comprise the input data to the simulator.
Fullband Study of Ultra-Scaled Electron and Hole SiGe Nanowire FETs

Ultra-scaled SiGe nanowire FETs (NWFETs) are an attractive candidate in achieving faster p-type devices compared to Silicon. This work investigates the performance of SiGe nanowire FETs (NWFETs) using a Virtual Crystal Approximation (VCA) method based on an atomistic Tight-Binding (TB) model. The electronic structure calculation is self- consistently coupled to a 2D Poisson solver. The spatial charge and current distribution in these NWFETs strongly depend on the Ge% as well as on the channel orientation. We predict an improvement in both SiGe n and p FETs in terms of I ON and gate delay (&#964;D)compared to Silicon. For Ge > 80% the oriented channels show better performance compared to the SiGe n and p-FETs .
Energy-efficient time-interleaved and pipelined SAR ADCs

New architectures are proposed for the realization of micro-power analog-to-digital data converters. They are based on a time-interleaving and pipelining successive-approximation-register (SAR) structure. The resulting ADCs require very low power dissipation for medium-speed and medium-accuracy data conversion.
Culturally-Tailored Smoking Cessation for American Indians: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death among American Indian and Alaska Natives, AI/ANs. Two out of every five AI/AN will die from tobacco-related diseases if the current smoking rates of AI/ANs (40.8%) persist. Currently, there is no proven, effective culturally-tailored smoking cessation program designed specifically for a heterogeneous population of AI. The primary aim of this group randomized clinical trial is to test the efficacy of "All Nations Breath of Life" (ANBL) program compared to a non-tailored "Current Best Practices" smoking cessation program among AI smokers. We will randomize 56 groups (8 smokers per group) to the tailored program or non-tailored program for a total sample size of 448 American Indian smokers. All participants in the proposed study will be offered pharmacotherapy, regardless of group assignment. This study is the first controlled trial to examine the efficacy of a culturally-tailored smoking cessation program for American Indians. If the intervention is successful, the potential health impact is significant because the prevalence of smoking is the highest in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01106456
Enhancing Inquiry, Understanding, and Achievement in an Astronomy Multimedia Learning Environment

As an example of design-based research, this study refined an assessment strategy for simultaneously enhancing inquiry-based learning and supporting achievement on conventional assessment measures. Astronomy Village ® : Investigating the Universe™ is a software program designed to engage secondary science students in authentic and inquiry-based learning over core topics in astronomy. The software was enhanced with a 20-hour curriculum and three levels of assessment to ensure successful inquiry experiences and high-stakes achievement. The first year implementation of Astronomy Village® yielded significant gains on a curriculum-oriented exam but not a standards-oriented test, and provided useful design insights that were integrated into the second year implementations. Significant gains were obtained on the test during the second year as well. It is expected that many existing inquiry-oriented science curricula might be similarly enhanced, and is suggested that a large-scale effort to do so might have a lasting impact on science education.
Laboratory Observations of Shear Alfvén Waves Launched from a Small Source

Alfven waves are known to be very important in the dynamics of magnetized plasmas in space and in laboratories on earth [1]. They transport electromagnetic energy, may accelerate plasma particles, and are produced in large, dense, magnetized laboratory plasmas or in almost any space plasma environment where there are changes in plasma currents or magnetic field configuration. The experiments described in this Letter are concerned with the shear mode of the Alfven wave launched from sources with transverse scale comparable to the electron collisionless skin depth, d s› cyvped. The shear wave propagates at frequencies below the ion cyclotron frequency svcid, and the associated currents are divergenceless s= j › 0 d with the currents parallel to the background magnetic field, B0, carried by electrons while ions carry the currents transverse to the field through the polarization drift. In a plasma where the ion temperature is much smaller than the electron temperature sTi ? Ted as is typical of the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) discharge plasma, the dispersion relation for shear Alfven waves is [2]
“Freedom Leads it Forth”: Queering the Epithalamium in Prometheus Unbound

With its primary focus on the fourth and final act of Percy Bysshe Shelley's lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound, this article pursues the connection between Shelley's redefinition of marriage vows and his broader hopes for cultural reform in order to show how this closet drama from 1819 supplies the conditions of possibility that make same-sex marriage a present-day reality. Shelley's Prometheus Unbound sets the stage/altar for romantic relationships (same-sex or otherwise) still “unbeheld” and “unimagined” through representations of gender- and time-bending. I submit that the epithalamium, or marriage ode, presented both a problem and a solution for a radical writer like Shelley insofar as he chose a traditional literary form only to radicalize its ideological function. Looked at in this light, Shelley's verse drama refuses to close the door to further social and political advance.
The Selection of Card Punch Operators

Summary 1 The validity of various types of tests for selecting card punch operators is reviewed. 2 A new test for the selection of card punch operators, the Card Punch Aptitude Test (CPAT) is described. It consists of two parts, letter-digit substitution and name checking. Letter grade norms for female operators are available. 3 For five samples of operator trainees totaling 532 cases, the CPAT had validities of .23 to .44 with training course letter grades. For three samples of employed operators totaling 89 cases, the CPAT correlated .45, .50, and .67 with supervisor ratings.
Human machine interaction via brain activity monitoring

Brain Computer Interfaces (BC!) are becoming increasingly studied as methods for users to interact with computers because recent technological developments have lead to low priced, high precision BCI devices that are aimed at the mass market. This paper investigates the ability for using such a device in real world applications as well as limitations of such applications. The device tested in this paper is called the Emotiv EPOC headset, which is an electroencephalograph (EEG) measuring device and enables the measuring of brain activity using 14 strategically placed sensors. This paper presents: 1) a BCI framework driven completely by thought patterns, aimed at real world applications 2) a quantitative analysis of the performance of the implemented system. The Emotiv EPOC headset based BCI framework presented in this paper was tested on a problem of controlling a simple differential wheeled robot by identifying four thought patterns in the user: “neutral”, “move forward”, “turn left”, and “turn right”. The developed approach was tested on 6 individuals and the results show that while BCI control of a mobile robot is possible, precise movement required to guide a robot along a set path is difficult with the current setup. Furthermore, intense concentration is required from users to control the robot accurately.
Symmetric feedback capacity of the Gaussian interference channel to within one bit

We characterize the symmetric capacity of the two-user Gaussian interference channel with feedback to within 1 bit/s/Hz. The result makes use of a deterministic model to provide insights into the Gaussian channel. We derive a new outer bound to show that a proposed scheme can achieve the symmetric capacity to within one bit for all channel parameters. One consequence of the result is that feedback provides unbounded gain, i.e., the gain becomes arbitrarily large for certain channel parameters. It is a surprising result because feedback has been so far known to provide no gain in memoryless point-to-point channels and only power gain (bounded gain) in the multiple access channels. The gain comes from using feedback to fully exploit the side information provided by the broadcast nature of the wireless medium.
Racial/ethnic and sociodemographic factors associated with micronutrient intakes and inadequacies among pregnant women in an urban US population.

Objective To assess sociodemographic correlates of micronutrient intakes from food and dietary supplements in an urban, ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women in the USA.
Estradiol Attenuates Programmed Cell Death after Stroke-Like Injury

Estradiol is a known neurotrophic and neuroprotective factor. Our previous work demonstrated that replacement with physiological concentrations of estradiol protects the cortex against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced cell death. The cerebral cortex exhibits caspase-dependent programmed cell death (PCD) in many models of focal cerebral ischemia. We hypothesized that estradiol attenuates PCD during stroke injury. The current study explored the temporospatial pattern of markers of PCD, their relationship to the evolution of injury, and their modulation by estradiol. Rats were ovariectomized and treated with either estradiol or vehicle. One week later, rats underwent MCAO, and brains were collected at 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hr. We assessed the temporospatial evolution of infarction volume, DNA fragmentation, and levels of spectrin cleavage products in ischemic cortex. Estradiol led to a delay and attenuation of injury-mediated DNA fragmentation as early as 8 hr after MCAO. Estradiol also dramatically reduced the level of the 120 kDa caspase-mediated spectrin breakdown product (SBDP120) at 4 hr but not at 8 or 16 hr. The SBDP150, produced by caspase and calpain, showed peak levels at 16 hr but was not altered by estradiol. These results strongly suggest that estradiol protects the ischemic cortex by attenuating PCD, thereby reducing caspase activity, DNA fragmentation, and subsequently, overall cell death. These studies deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying estrogen-mediated neuroprotection.
Learning-enforced time domain routing to mobile sinks in wireless sensor fields

We propose a learning-based approach to efficiently and reliably route data to a mobile sink in a wireless sensor field. Specifically, we consider a mobile sink that does not know when to query or does not need to query. Furthermore, the sink moves in a certain pattern within the sensor field. Such a sink passively listens for incoming data that distant source sensors unilaterally push towards it. Unlike traditional routing mechanisms, our technique takes the time-domain explicitly into account, with each node involved making the decision "at this time what is the best way to forward the packet to the sink?". In the presented scheme, motes (nodes in the vicinity of the sink) learn its movement pattern over time and statistically characterize it as a probability distribution function. Having obtained this information at the motes, our scheme uses reinforcement learning to locate the sink efficiently at any point of time.
On the benefits of deliberately introduced baseband nonlinearities in communication systems

In this paper, we propose a baseband nonlinear transformation technique to improve the overall communication system performance, under the peak power constraint. A closed-form expression is derived for the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of certain nonlinear transformations. A strategy for SNR-adaptive optimum clipping is proposed. For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), we show that the optimal clipping ratio leads to an SNDR improvement of 5-7 dB and accompanying decrease in symbol-error-rate. By applying an iterative symbol detection and clipping noise mitigation algorithm at the receiver, we demonstrate that clipping in OFDM can lead to large performance gains.
Use of pressure sensitive paints in low speed flows

Low speed jet impingement tests are conducted to determine the accuracy and resolution of pressure sensitive paints (PSP). Aluminum plates are coated with PSP and a low speed jet is applied to the surface. A low power laser is scanned across the paint while the fluorescence is acquired with a photomultiplier tube. Three different methods are used to determine the pressure: intensity ratioing, phase sensitive detection, and two-color paints. Results show that the laser scanning system can accurately measure jets with total pressures below 0.05 psi utilizing ratioing techniques and lock-in amplification. Microheterogeneity of the luminophore and binder caused the phase (lifetime) to vary across the surface, causing the need for flow off references. Using this correction, phase sensitive detection was capable of pressures to 0.2 psi. Similarly, uneven mixing of the components in the two-color paints resulted in non-constant reference and pressure signal ratios. This necessitates flow-off ratioing for twocolor paints. However, temperature corrections can be easily made using the two-color paints.
Effect of Alkali Oxides on the Diffusion of Helium in a Simple Borosilicate Glass

Helium permeation rates, diffusivities, and solubilities in a simple borosilicate glass containing alkali oxides were measured. The major effect of increasing Na2O content from 2 to 13 mol% is a systematic decrease in permeation rate and diffusivity, indicating that the Na+ ion is essentially filling space in the glass network. At 7 mol% alkali oxide, as the alkali-ion size is increased, the changes in diffusivity and activation energy indicate that from Li+ to Na+ to K+, the larger ion more effectively plugs the network interstices. The size distribution of interstices in the base-glass network is such that ions larger than K+ are too large to simply fill the network and consequently tend to spread the network as well.
Editor's Column: Boredom, Burnout, and Renewal

Editor's column in which she discusses professional boredom, professional burnout, and renewing one's enthusiasm, excitement, and energy for the profession.
Seeing Red (and Blue): Effects of Electoral College Depictions on Political Group Perception

Colored maps depicting electoral results may exacerbate perceptions of polarization, rather than merely reflecting them. Participants viewed maps of state-by-state Presidential election results that were either Electoral (red/Republican or blue/Democrat) or Proportional (purples that proportionally reflected each group's support). Half of the maps also displayed state-level numeric electoral results. Participants viewing Electoral maps perceived the nation as more politically divided, stereotyped the political beliefs of residents of various states more, and saw people holding views in the political minority as less agentic and less likely to vote. These differences occurred even in the presence of numeric data. Implications of these findings for intergroup perception in several domains are discussed, including the impact of electoral depictions on political campaigns and elections.
Recognizing structured forms using neural networks

Summary form only given, as follows. It is pointed out that the ability to process complex printed forms automatically is of considerable value to an organization using them. In a stream of heterogeneous forms, it is essential to first recognize a given form as an instance of a particular type, so that its contents can be interpreted correctly. Performing this recognition presents some technical problems that may not be apparent initially. These problems were reviewed, and a neural network implementation was devised that uses a novel feature set to perform reliable identification of US Internal Revenue Service forms. >
Inhibition of KRAS-driven tumorigenicity by interruption of an autocrine cytokine circuit

Although the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis are well established, KRAS activates additional pathways required for tumor maintenance, inhibition of which are likely to be necessary for effective KRAS-directed therapy. Here we show that the IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKKe promote KRAS-driven tumorigenesis by regulating autocrine CCL5 and IL-6 and identify CYT387 as a potent JAK/TBK1/IKKe inhibitor. CYT387 treatment ablates RAS-associated cytokine signaling and impairs Kras-driven murine lung cancer growth. Combined CYT387 and MEK inhibitor therapy induces regression of aggressive murine lung adenocarcinomas driven by Kras mutation and p53 loss. These observations reveal that TBK1/IKKe promote tumor survival by activating CCL5 and IL-6 and identify concurrent inhibition of TBK1/IKKe, JAK, and MEK signaling as an effective approach to inhibit the actions of oncogenic KRAS.
Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan

The influence of the 08 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake and subsequent snow melt and monsoon rainfall on slope stability was evaluated using repeat photography in the Kashmir Himalaya of northern Pakistan. Sixty-eight landslide-affected locations were selected and photographed in November 2005, May/June 2006, June 2007, and August 2007 to evaluate all potential geomorphic changes. Eighty percent of the locations showed no or very little change, 11% of the locations showed a partial vegetation recovery on the slopes, while 9% showed an increase in the landslide area. All those locations that showed an increase in landsliding were located along rivers and/or roads. The small change in landslide extent is remarkable given that the region experienced one of the heaviest monsoon seasons in the last decade and is counter to earlier predictions of accelerated slope erosion by landsliding in the immediate years following the earthquake. Extensive fissures and ground cracks at many localities, however, still present a potential of future landsliding under wetter conditions.
Low Temperature (≥ 400°C) Silicon Pyrometry AT 1.1μm with Emissivity Correction

In this work we have examined the experimental low-temperature limits of 1.1μm pyrometry for the measurement of the temperature of silicon wafers and aluminumcoated silicon wafers at temperatures under 700°C in RTP chambers. In-situ emissivity correction in the same range has also been demonstrated with a single detector for radiation and reflection measurements. Temperatures as low as 450°C have been measured on metallized surfaces with an accuracy of better than 10°C without any a priori knowledge of the wafer emissivity.
Bacillus thuringiensis: Use and Resistance Management

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is an aerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium found rather commonly in the environment. It produces a number of insect toxins, the most distinctive of which is a protein crystal formed during sporulation (Hannay and Fitz-James 1955; Bulla et al. 1977; Whiteley and Schnepf 1986). It is this crystalline protein inclusion, or δ-endotoxin, that is the principal active ingredient in formulations currently in use. Although B.t. was described by Berliner in 1911 and its potential as an insecticide was recognized relatively early, commercial development in the USA did not occur until the late 1950s and its success has been somewhat erratic (Burges 1986). During the early 1980s it was found that B.t. was amenable to genetic manipulation using recombinant DNA techniques because the genes that encode for δ-endotoxin production are borne on plasmids (Stahly et al. 1978; Gonzalez et al. 1981, 1982; Gonzalez and Carlton 1982, 1984; Held et al. 1982; Faust et al. 1983; Kronstad et al. 1983). Subsequently, techniques were developed for cloning these genes in other bacteria (Schnepf and Whiteley 1981; Held et al. 1982; Klier et al. 1982; Adang et al. 1985; McLinden et al. 1985; Obukowicz et al. 1986; Jahn et al. 1987; Sekar et al. 1987; Ahmad et al. 1989) and for transferring the genes into crop plants (Adang et al. 1987; Barton et al. 1987; Fischhoff et al. 1987; Vaeck et al. 1987, 1990; Perlak et al. 1990).
Acting on the Intent to Vote: A Voter Turnout Experiment

Theories of voter turnout have focused almost exclusively on the costs and benefits of voting, even though one potentially important aspect of turnout is what takes place after a citizen has decided she intends to vote but before she arrives at the polls. I test two social psychology theories affecting this process: self-prophecy and implementation intentions. The self-prophecy effect occurs when an individual is asked to predict whether he will vote, and this act of prediction alters his future behavior by making him more likely to vote. Applying the implementation intentions theory to voting, citizens would be more likely to vote if they focused on the concrete actions involved in getting to the polling location rather than simply on the end-state of having voted. The field experiment consisted of phone calls to 5,609 registered voters with scripts intended to test these theories. Neither treatment generates a statistically significant result, which undermines the reliability of very large effects found in prior research on voting self-prophecy effects, and suggests the impact of implementation intentions may be limited with respect to voting.
Inhalant Use in Latina Early Adolescent Girls

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current study was to examine how lifetime use and extent of use of inhalants by Latina girls is impacted by age, acculturation, grades, ditching, sexual behaviors (light petting, heavy petting, and going all the way) and sexual agency. A total of 273 females who self-identified as being Latina whose mean age was 13.94 completed a self-report questionnaire. The extent of inhalant use increased as age decreased and acculturation was not a predictor of lifetime or extent of use. Girls reporting poorer grades and more ditching were more likely to have ever tried inhalants and had the highest frequency of inhalant use. In terms of sexual behaviors, heavy petting predicted lifetime use of inhalants while going all the way decreased inhalant use. Higher sexual agency predicted lower rates of ever trying inhalants and extent of inhalant use. Implications for the improvement of intervention programming are discussed.
Growth Induced Land Development Caused by Highway and Other Projects as an Indirect Effect Under NEPA

Growth-induced land development caused by highway and other projects must be considered as a significant indirect effect under NEPA. For this review, lawyers must look to the regulations adopted by CEQ specifying the causation and foreseeability tests for indirect effects. Several reports discuss procedures for deciding whether a highway could cause growth-induced land development, and recommend a prescreening process to make this decision. Case law also addresses when indirect effects must be considered. The cases pay limited attention to causation and foreseeability requirements, and agencies did not use a prescreening process in any of the decided cases. However, the criteria courts used to decide when growth-induced land development would occur are consistent with those suggested in the highway project reports.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors as immunomodulators in cancer therapeutics

HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are anticancer agents being developed in preclinical and clinical settings due to their capacity to modulate gene expression involved in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, through modification of both chromatin histone and nonhistone proteins. Most HDACIs in clinical development have cytotoxic or cytostatic properties and their direct inhibitory effects on tumor cells are well documented. Numerous studies have revealed that HDACIs have potent immunomodulatory activity in tumor-bearing animals and cancer patients, providing guidance to apply these agents in cancer immunotherapies. Here, we summarize recent reports addressing the effects of HDACIs on tumor cell immunogenicity, and on different components of the host immune system. In addition, we discuss the complexity of the immunomodulatory activity of these agents, which depends on the class specificity of the HDACIs, different experimental settings and the target immune cell populations.
Ten thousand consecutive frozen sections. A retrospective study focusing on accuracy and quality control.

A review of 10,000 consecutive frozen section consultations performed over a 6½-year period was undertaken in order to assess the accuracy of the method and to develop a quality-control mechanism. Frozen section interpretations of specimens of lung, tumors of skin, thyroid, parathyroid, and tissues from the female genital tract were in error in about 1.5% of the cases. Specimens from the gastrointestinal system, otorhinolaryngologic regions, lymph nodes, central nervous system, and pancreas were incorrectly interpreted in fewer than 3% of instances. A system of periodic review of cases is suggested.
On the Boundaries of Race: Identification of Mixed-heritage Children in the United States, 1960 to 2010

Socially constructed race groups have boundaries that define their membership. I study temporal trends and group-specific patterns in race and ancestry responses provided for children of interracial marriages. Common responses indicate contemporary definitions of race groups (and perhaps emerging groups); uncommon responses reveal socially defined limits of race group membership. I leverage dense, nonpublic, Census Bureau data from 1960 to 2010 to do this and include a more diverse set of families, a longer time span, and more accurate estimates than prior research. I find that the location of race group boundaries varies over time and across 11 distinct family types. Since mixed-heritage responses became possible in 1980, they have been common in most groups. Part Asians have almost always been reported as multiracial or mixed ancestry. A number of (non-Asian) mixed-heritage children are described as monoracial on the census form, particularly children with American Indian heritage. Over time, part white...
Improved Modeling of Shock Layer Radiation in Air

An update of NEQAIR is presented and used to compare with experiment in the presence of thermal equilibrium. The updates included boundbound transition probabilities of C, N, and O, Stark broadening expressions, cross sections for bound-free transitions and additional transitions bands for N2. Moreover, the role of carbon contamination is examined. Some improvements are indicated but gaps remain between experiment and computation in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The discrepancies are not a result of ignoring the carbon contaminant.
Identification of the Uncultured Bacillus of Whipple's Disease

Abstract Background. Whipple's disease is a systemic disorder known for 85 years to be associated with an uncultured, and therefore unidentified, bacillus. Methods. We used a molecular genetic approach to identify this organism. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence was amplified directly from tissues of five unrelated patients with Whipple's disease by means of the polymerase chain reaction, first with broad-range primers and then with specific primers. We determined and analyzed the nucleotide sequence of the amplification products. Results. A unique 1321-base bacterial 16S rRNA sequence was amplified from duodenal tissue of one patient. This sequence indicated the presence of a previously uncharacterized organism. We then detected this sequence in tissues from all 5 patients with Whipple's disease, but in none of those from 10 patients without the disorder. According to phylogenetic analysis, this bacterium is a gram-positive actinomycete that is not closely related to any known genus. Conclu...
Evaluation of a source-function wavemaker for generating random directionally spread waves in the sea-swell band

A source-function wavemaker for wave-resolving models is evaluated for its capability to reproduce random directionally spread wave fields in the sea-swell band (0.04–0.3 Hz) relevant for realistic nearshore applications. The wavemaker is tested with a range of input wave characteristics defined by the non-dimensional amplitude (a/h), wavenumber (kh), wavemaker width, mean wave angle and directional spread. The (a/h) and kh dependency of modeled results are collapsed with the Ursell number (Ur = (a/h)/(kh)2). For monochromatic waves, the wavemaker accurately reproduced the input wave height for Ur < 1, with no dependence on non-dimensional wavemaker width. For random uni-directional waves, the wavemaker simulated well a Pierson–Moskowitz input spectrum. Frequency-integrated statistics are also reproduced with less than 2% difference between modeled to input significant wave height and < 10% difference between modeled to input mean frequency for Ur < 0.2. For random directionally spread waves, the wavemaker reproduced input frequency-dependent and bulk mean wave angle and directional spread to within 4° at Ur < 0.12. Lastly, the wavemaker simulated well the spectra, mean wave angle, and directional spread of a bimodal wave field with opposing sea and swell. Based on the Ur < 0.12 constraint, a range of dimensional wave height, period, and depth constraints are explored for realistic sea-swell band field application. The wavemaker's ability to generate waves that match the input statistical properties commonly derived from field measurements demonstrates that it can be used effectively in a range of nearshore science and engineering applications.
Research progress on detection method for influenza virus

In recent years,influenza(flu) outbreaks happened frequently in the global scope,including influenza A outbreak in2009 and avian influenza(H7N9) outbreak in 2013,which is bound to pose a threat to the survival of animals and humans,and the development of social economy,so that the medical workers' focus shifted to the identification of flu virus.Therefore,to establish a rapid and efficient detection method of flu virus has very important significance in the clinical diagnosis,and effective and timely treatment for flu patients.The author summarizes the flu virus detection methods at home and abroad,which mainly include serum immunological test,isolation and culture of flu virus,flu virus nucleic acid detection,loop-mediated isothermal amplification and gene chip technology,while each method has its advantages and disadvantages.With the improvement of scientific and technological level,more and more methods will be applied to the flu virus detection,meanwhile,the mutual fusion of different methods have promoted the current detection level,which will play a more active role in influenza surveillance,control and prevention work.
Error Correction Strategies in Spoken English

Both fluency and accuracy are indispensable requirements of good spoken English. In order to achieve the balance between fluency and accuracy in spoken English, we should attach great importance to the attitudes towards errors in oral English. This paper analyses the different types of errors in spoken language and the causes of these mistakes from linguistic and psychological perspectives. It also presents some of the misconceptions towards error correction. Finally it proposes some strategies of error correction, which is supposed to help reach a better balance between fluency and accuracy.
Gait Performance in Hypertensive Patients on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) use and gait performance in older adults. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Community. Participants A total of 281 community-dwelling older adults with hypertension enrolled in an aging study. Measurements Quantitative variables used to define gait performance included velocity (cm/s), stride length (cm), swing time (s), stride length variability (SD), and swing time variability (SD). Results There were 72 hypertensive participants on ACEIs and 209 were on other antihypertensive medications. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and potential confounders revealed that hypertensive participants on an ACEI walked 7.29 cm/s slower ( P = .016) and stride length was 6.86 cm shorter ( P = .006) compared with those not on ACEIs. There were no significant differences on the other gait variables examined. Conclusion ACEI use was associated with worse gait performance in elderly hypertensives. Biological mechanisms need to be explored, and clinicians should consider monitoring gait speed in hypertensive patients on ACEIs.
Zinc-Induced Copper Deficiency: Masquerade of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Excess zinc ingestion is a rare cause of copper deficiency that can lead to sideroblastic anemia and neutropenia that often is not recognized clinically. We present a case of a 55-year-old man with a 3-week history of fatigue and generalized weakness. Laboratory testing detected macrocytic anemia (Hb, 5.9 g/dL; MCV, 107.9 fL), severe leukopenia (1.5 × 10 …
Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3)

Publisher Summary Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a uniaxial, trigonal crystal useful for Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) applications of laser radiation. Two types of material are considered—namely, stoichiometric and congruent. The ultaviolet data is taken from the reflection data of Wiesendanger and Giintherodt obtained at 293 K on cleaved surfaces. Kramers-Kronig (KK) analyses for both polarizations are also performed. The absorption edge of congruent material is studied by Redfield and Burke over a wide temperature range. A series of samples are mechanically polished. This produces spurious absorption in the small absorption region when compared to the transmission of the next thicker sample. The c axis is in the plane of the sample, so that dichroism can also be measured. The refractive index in the transparent region is measured for various materials: MgO doped, stoichiometric, and congruent. Generally, the minimum-deviation technique is used with the optic axis parallel to both faces of the prism.
Machine learning methods to predict child posttraumatic stress: a proof of concept study

The care of traumatized children would benefit significantly from accurate predictive models for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), using information available around the time of trauma. Machine Learning (ML) computational methods have yielded strong results in recent applications across many diseases and data types, yet they have not been previously applied to childhood PTSD. Since these methods have not been applied to this complex and debilitating disorder, there is a great deal that remains to be learned about their application. The first step is to prove the concept: Can ML methods – as applied in other fields – produce predictive classification models for childhood PTSD? Additionally, we seek to determine if specific variables can be identified – from the aforementioned predictive classification models - with putative causal relations to PTSD. ML predictive classification methods – with causal discovery feature selection – were applied to a data set of 163 children hospitalized with an injury and PTSD was determined three months after hospital discharge. At the time of hospitalization, 105 risk factor variables were collected spanning a range of biopsychosocial domains. Seven percent of subjects had a high level of PTSD symptoms. A predictive classification model was discovered with significant predictive accuracy. A predictive model constructed based on subsets of potentially causally relevant features achieves similar predictivity compared to the best predictive model constructed with all variables. Causal Discovery feature selection methods identified 58 variables of which 10 were identified as most stable. In this first proof-of-concept application of ML methods to predict childhood Posttraumatic Stress we were able to determine both predictive classification models for childhood PTSD and identify several causal variables. This set of techniques has great potential for enhancing the methodological toolkit in the field and future studies should seek to replicate, refine, and extend the results produced in this study.
X-ray Crystallography Analysis of Complexes Synthesized with Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine: A Laboratory Experiment for Undergraduate Students Integrating Interdisciplinary Concepts and Techniques

An integrated laboratory experiment applying concepts and techniques from organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and instrumental analysis is presented for use in the undergraduate curriculum. This experiment highlights the synthesis, characterization, and use of tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) to make complexes with different metal salts. It incorporates laboratory practices such as literature searches, multistep synthesis, reaction mechanisms, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.
Allungamento dell’arto inferiore: strategia, indicazioni e insidie

Riassunto Appena posta diagnosi di dismetria degli arti inferiori, bisogna rispondere a diverse domande, relative all’eziologia, alla prognosi e al trattamento piu indicato. Bisognerebbe fare una chiara distinzione tra eziologia congenita e acquisita. Nella prima, la stima della dismetria a fine crescita e relativamente facile, mentre nella seconda, la modalita di progressione e difficile da prevedere. I due principali metodi di trattamento sono il pareggiamento chirurgico e le protesi ortopediche. Una stima della dismetria finale dovrebbe essere fatta il prima possibile per scegliere il metodo di trattamento piu adatto. L’allungamento chirurgico e associato a un’alta percentuale di complicanze. Prima di pianificare qualsiasi intervento occorre prendere in esame i principi e i consigli di Wagner. Qualsiasi deviazione assiale e/o instabilita articolare andrebbero corrette prima del trattamento. L’apparato di allungamento dovrebbe essere adattato per prevenire complicanze come la lussazione o l’aggravamento di una contrattura precedente.
Examining Grow Your Own Programs Across the Teacher Development Continuum: Mining Research on Teachers of Color and Nontraditional Educator Pipelines:

Grow Your Own (GYO) programs are cited in recent policy briefs as viable pathways for increasing the racial/ethnic diversity of teachers, yet recent scholarship on GYO programs is minimal. To addre...
An Evolving Approach to the Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic/ immune-mediated esophageal disease. Knowledge related to the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, epidemiology, natural history, treatment, and outcomes of EoE has rapidly evolved over the past 2 decades. This article focuses on the similarly evolving diagnostic framework for EoE. In the initial clinical guidelines, diagnosis of EoE was based on symptoms of esophageal dysfunction; at least 15 eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf) on esophageal biopsy; and either a lack of response to high-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, or normal pH monitoring. The first 2 criteria have remained largely unchanged; however, the role of PPIs has been controversial, particularly due to the recognition of PPI-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE), in which patients with suspected EoE experience resolution of symptoms and esophageal eosinophilia with PPI therapy. A quickly expanding evidence base has found that most adult patients with EoE and PPI-REE share similar clinical, endoscopic, histologic, immunologic, and molecular characteristics prior to the use of PPIs. Because of this, the most recent diagnostic guidelines have removed the lack of response to PPIs as a diagnostic criterion; PPIs are now better considered as a treatment for esophageal eosinophilia. EoE should currently be suspected on a clinical basis when there are symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and at least 15 eos/hpf on esophageal biopsies. A history of atopy and endoscopic signs of EoE are strongly supportive of the diagnosis. However, the diagnosis cannot be confirmed until a thorough evaluation of other potential causes of esophageal eosinophilia has been performed.
The credibility of acted screams: Implications for emotional communication research.

Researchers have long relied on acted material to study emotional expression and perception in humans. It has been suggested, however, that certain aspects of natural expressions are difficult or i...
GymCam: Detecting, Recognizing and Tracking Simultaneous Exercises in Unconstrained Scenes

Worn sensors are popular for automatically tracking exercises. However, a wearable is usually attached to one part of the body, tracks only that location, and thus is inadequate for capturing a wide range of exercises, especially when other limbs are involved. Cameras, on the other hand, can fully track a user's body, but suffer from noise and occlusion. We present GymCam, a camera-based system for automatically detecting, recognizing and tracking multiple people and exercises simultaneously in unconstrained environments without any user intervention. We collected data in a varsity gym, correctly segmenting exercises from other activities with an accuracy of 84.6%, recognizing the type of exercise at 93.6% accuracy, and counting the number of repetitions to within ± 1.7 on average. GymCam advances the field of real-time exercise tracking by filling some crucial gaps, such as tracking whole body motion, handling occlusion, and enabling single-point sensing for a multitude of users.
Do Consumers’ Ethical Judgments Matter for Purchase Intentions in Online Gray Markets? The Mediating Role of Trust: An Abstract

Firms around the world confront new pressures with the trade of their branded products in unauthorized distribution channels known as gray markets. Gray markets emerge when firms sell their products in different markets at different prices. Differences in prices may stem from exchange rate fluctuations, promotional costs, brand owners’ multitiered pricing schemes, tax differences, or differing consumer preferences. Unlike counterfeits, gray market products are genuine in that they have been manufactured by or for, or are under license from, the brand owner.
Position β57 of I-Ag7 controls early anti-insulin responses in NOD mice, linking an MHC susceptibility allele to type 1 diabetes onset

The class II region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus is the main contributor to the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The loss of an aspartic acid at position 57 of diabetogenic HLA-DQβ chains supports this association; this single amino acid change influences how TCRs recognize peptides in the context of HLA-DQ8 and I-Ag7 using a mechanism termed the P9 switch. Here, we built register-specific insulin peptide MHC tetramers to examine CD4+ T cell responses to Ins12-20 and Ins13-21 peptides during the early prediabetic phase of disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. A single-cell analysis of anti-insulin CD4+ T cells performed in 6- and 12-week-old NOD mice revealed tissue-specific gene expression signatures. TCR signaling and clonal expansion were found only in the islets of Langerhans and produced either classical TH1 differentiation or an unusual Treg phenotype, independent of TCR usage. The early phase of the anti-insulin response was dominated by T cells specific for Ins12-20, the register that supports a P9 switch mode of recognition. The presence of the P9 switch was demonstrated by TCR sequencing, reexpression, mutagenesis, and functional testing of TCRαβ pairs in vitro. Genetic correction of the I-Aβ57 mutation in NOD mice resulted in the disappearance of D/E residues in the CDR3β of anti-Ins12-20 T cells. These results provide a mechanistic molecular explanation that links the characteristic MHC class II polymorphism of T1D with the recognition of islet autoantigens and disease onset.
On reproduction in Crouania pumila (Callithamniaceae, Rhodophyta), a new record for the Red Sea

The minute red alga Crouania pumila (Callithamniaceae: Rhodophyta), recently described from the Caribbean Sea, is reported for the first time from the Red Sea, approximately 12,000 km from the type locality, based on microscope slide specimens collected 40 years ago by Dr. Yaacov Lipkin. These samples contribute new information regarding the reproduction of this algal species.
Student Socialization in Higher Education: An Exploration

This chapter provides an overview of the book, describing its basic purpose (to celebrate, critique, and extend the work by John Weidman and colleagues on socialization in higher education). It provides a synopsis of its contents by sections and chapters, each written by leading scholars who are actively engaged in research on issues of student and faculty socialization as they relate to various dimensions of the impact of higher education on preparation for and entry into professional careers.