cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The infusion rate dependent influence of acute metabolic acidosis on pulmonary vascular resistance in broilers

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the pulmonary vascular responses of lightly anesthetized clinically healthy male broilers during acute metabolic acidosis induced by bolus i.v. injections or constant i.v. infusions of HCl. In Experiment 1, broilers received consecutive 1.5 mL i.v. bolus injections of 2.5% mannitol (volume control) and 0.4 N, 0.8 N, and 1.2 N HCl in 2.5% mannitol. Following each injection, equivalent concentrations of mannitol or HCl were infused i.v. at a rate of 0.05 mL/min.kg BW. In Experiment 2, repeated bolus injections of 2.5% mannitol and 1.2 N HCl were administered during ongoing constant infusion of 2.5% mannitol. The following variables were evaluated: pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, respiratory rate, hematocrit (HCT), and arterial blood gas (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, HCO3-). Mannitol alone did not alter any of the variables. The HCl loading protocols acidified the arterial blood to sustained (constant infusion) or transient (bolus injection) values averaging between pH 7.2 and 7.3. In both experiments, bolus injections of 1.2 N HCl caused transient increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, coincident with decreases in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. When HCl was infused at a constant rate in Experiment 1, the arterial blood hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], was positively correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output, negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance, and was not correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance. During constant i.v. infusion of mannitol or HCl in both experiments, pulmonary arterial pressure was positively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac output. Overall, bolus injections of 1.2 N HCl consistently triggered transient pulmonary vasoconstriction (increased pulmonary vascular resistance), leading to a transient increase in pulmonary arterial pressure in spite of opposing changes in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure. In contrast, equivalent or greater increases in [H+] during constant i.v. infusion of HCl caused a substantially lower increment in pulmonary arterial pressure, which, in, turn was primarily attributable to increases in cardiac output rather than pulmonary vascular resistance. Increments in either pulmonary vascular resistance or cardiac output induced by metabolic acidosis would be expected to contribute to the onset of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS, ascites) in broilers.
The Multiple Phenotypes of Corticobasal Syndrome and Corticobasal Degeneration: Implications for Further Study

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder which nomenclature of which its nomenclature and characterization continues to evolve. The core clinical features that have been considered characteristic of the disorder include progressive asymmetric rigidity and apraxia, with other findings suggesting additional cortical (e.g., alien limb phenomena, cortical sensory loss, myoclonus, and mirror movements) and basal ganglionic (e.g., bradykinesia, dystonia, and tremor) dysfunctions. The characteristic findings at autopsy are asymmetric cortical atrophy that is typically maximal in the frontoparietal regions, as well as basal ganglia and nigral degeneration. Microscopically, abnormal accumulations of the microtubule-associated tau protein are found in both neurons and glia, and this disorder is now considered one of the “tauopathies.” CBD was initially thought to represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Recent studies have shown considerable clinicopathologic heterogeneity, leading some to use the term “corticobasal syndrome” (CBS) for the constellation of findings initially considered characteristic of the disorder, and the term “corticobasal degeneration” for the histopathologic disorder. In this review, the multiple phenotypes/syndromes associated with CBD pathology, and multiple diseases associated with the CBS, are presented. The clinicopathologic heterogeneity in CBS/CBD and the implications of this heterogeneity on clinical practice, on understanding the focal/asymmetric cerebral degeneration syndromes, and on future research are all reviewed.
Imaging bacterial protein expression using genetically encoded RNA sensors

The difficulties in imaging the dynamics of protein expression in live bacterial cells can be overcome by using fluorescent sensors based on Spinach, an RNA that activates the fluorescence of a small-molecule fluorophore. These RNAs selectively bind target proteins and exhibit fluorescence increases that enable protein expression to be imaged in living Escherichia coli. These sensors are key components of a generalizable strategy to image protein expression in a single bacterium in real time.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTY ORGANIZATION: A CROSS-NATIONAL, TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

The effectiveness of party organization is modeled by a modified Cobb-Douglas production function where inputs are characteristics of party organization and output is the popular vote of the party. Next, an index of organizational learning is introduced to compete with the input factors; organizational learning accounts for some increased output, particularly in the early periods of party development. The model is tested with time-series data for the Argentine, British, Norwegian, and Swedish Socialist Labor parties.
On the Control of Dynamically Unstable Systems Using a Self Organizing Black Box Controller

Many systems are difficult to control by conventional means because of the complexity of the very fabric of their being. Some systems perform very well under some conditions and then burst into wild, maybe even chaotic, oscillations for no apparent reason. Such systems exist in bioreactors, electro-plating and other application domains. In these cases a model may not exist that can be trusted to accurately replicate the dynamics of the real-world system. BOXES is a well known methodology that learns to perform control maneuvers for dynamic systems with only cursory a priori knowledge of the mathematics of the system model. A limiting factor in the BOXES algorithm has always been the assignment of appropriate boundaries to subdivide each state variable into regions. In addition to suggesting a method of alleviating this weakness, the paper shows that the accumulated statistical data in near neighboring states may be a powerful agent in accelerating learning, and may eventually provide a possible evolution to self-organization.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Electrodiagnostic approach to the patient with suspected motor neuron disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive, neurodegenerative disorder involving motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Specifically targeted are the giant Betz cells of the motor cortex and the motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord with the exception of the oculomotor nuclei and the nucleus of the sacral spinal cord (nucleus of Onuf) that controls the external urethral and anal sphincters [1]. The clinical findings that develop over time comprise a combination of upper motor neuron (UMN) signs (loss of dexterity, spasticity, hyperreflexia, and pathological reflexes), and lower motor neuron (LMN) signs (muscle weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations) in a widespread distribution. The annual incidence is 1 to 2 per 100,000 population and the prevalence is about 6 per 100,000 [2,3]. There is a slight male predominance of approximately 1.5 men to 1 woman. The disease occurs throughout adult life with the peak occurring between 55 and 70 years of age. Age is the most significant risk factor for ALS. Most cases are sporadic but approximately 5% to 10% are familial and the majority is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. About 10% to 20% of these cases have been attributed to mutations in the gene coding for Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). The average survival after onset of ALS symptoms is approximately 3 years but about 25% of patients survive (without intervention for respiratory support) for at least 5 years and more than 10% have a survival in excess of 10 years [2]. Patients with longer survival display a poorly understood ‘‘resistance’’ to ALS [4] and may have a more benign form of the disease. The diagnosis of ALS per se may be challenging because there is no single diagnostic test for ALS (with the exception of finding a mutation in the Neurol Clin N Am 20 (2002) 527–555
Higher Derivatives in the Thermodynamics of Nonuniform Solutions. I. Basic Interface Theory

The thermodynamics of nonuniform solutions usually employs a gradient energy term in the expression for the local free energy. This arises from retaining the first nonvanishing terms of a MacLaurin expansion of the free energy in the composition and its derivatives. The nature of this expansion is discussed, and the formulation is extended to include derivatives higher than the second. General, a priori arguments suggest that a reasonable next approximation is f*=f(c) + κ1 ∇2c+κ2 (∇ c)2 + κ3∇4c+κ4(∇2c)2 + κ5∇ c · ∇3c + κ6(∇ c)2∇2c+ κ7(∇ c)4, for an isotropic solution. The results for a cubic system are also presented. The significance of the coefficients are discussed using a simple mean field pair interaction analysis. This interpretation provides physical insight into the nature of the terms and suggests that in the absence of specific knowledge about a particular situation, the derivative terms may be ordered in the following sequence of decreasing importance: κ1 ∇2c, κ3∇4c, [κ2(∇ c)2, κ5∇ c · ∇3c], [κ...
In-situ optical emission spectroscopic examination of chrome etch for photomasks

In this paper, optical emission spectroscopy is used to characterize and monitor chrome etch processes on the Etec Tetra photomask etch chamber. Changes in process conditions, such as source power, bias power, pressure, and gas flows have been captured by time-averaged optical emission traces. Using multi-wavelength OES data collected during chrome etching, a fingerprint of the plasma was taken. The fingerprint was generated using a principal component analysis (PCA) technique, which detects spectral correlation between multiple wavelengths. The PCA reduces the dimensionality of the multi-wavelength OES and extracts just the most relevant information. The new variables are created as linear combinations of the original variables. The new principal component peaks diminish more than the original peaks, allowing strong endpoint detection for a 1 percent chrome-loaded mask.
Identification of halogen atoms in scanning tunneling microscopy images of substituted phenyl octadecyl ethers.

A homologous series of para-substituted phenyl octadecyl ethers (X-POEs, where X = H, Cl, Br, I) was prepared using the Williamson ether synthesis and characterized by 1H NMR and GC/MS. Scanning tunneling microscopy images acquired from these ethers revealed a bias-dependent contrast corresponding to electron density contours of various X-POE molecular orbitals. Images reflecting the electron density contour of the highest occupied molecular orbital exhibited four bright spotsone for the halogen atom, two representing the pair of lobes of the phenyl ring, and one for the oxygen/α-carbon atoms. For each X-POE, the intensities (Zmax) of the spots for the halogen atom and the lobe of the phenyl ring closest to the halogen were measured and their ratio was calculated (Cl-POE 0.49 ± 0.06; Br-POE 0.59 ± 0.06; I-POE 0.75 ± 0.07). Analysis of variance at the 95% confidence level revealed that the intensity ratios were consistent from molecule to molecule, image to image, and day to day. According to the Student t...
Physicians' recommendations for mammography: do tailored messages make a difference?

OBJECTIVES. Message tailoring, based on individual needs and circumstances, is commonly used to enhance face-to-face patient counseling. Only recently has individual tailoring become feasible for printed messages. This study sought to determine whether printed tailored recommendations addressing women's specific screening and risk status and perceptions about breast cancer and mammography are more effective than standardized printed recommendations. METHODS. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted with 435 women, aged 40 to 65 years, who had visited family practice groups within the previous 2 years. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive individually tailored or standardized mammography recommendation letters mailed from physicians to patients' homes. Follow-up interviews were conducted 8 months later. RESULTS. Tailored letter recipients were more likely to remember and to have read more of their letters than standardized version recipients. After controlling for baseline status, tailo...
Study of Solution Calibration of NIST Soil and Glass Samples by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A method for the determination of trace element concentrations by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using solution calibration and an internal standard has been studied and evaluated by analyzing NIST soil and glass samples. In most cases, the measured element concentrations were within ± 10% of the certified values. The internal standard was chosen on the basis of investigations of the proper signal intensity of certain isotopes and the homogeneity of their distribution in the sample. For soil samples, a matrix element, Mg, was chosen to be the internal standard. For glass samples, a trace element, Sr, was used as the internal standard. The results indicated that in both cases the internal standard was effective. Ni and Cu in soil gave poor results, while good results were obtained for Ni and Cu in glass samples. Time-resolved studies show that Ni gave many more signal spikes than other elements when the ablating laser moved across the surface of the soil sample. This observation indicates that one possible reason for the poor results was caused by the heterogeneity of the Ni distribution in the matrix.
Spatial Structure of High Energy Photon Sources in Solar Flares

Stereoscopic observations of high energy (≳ 100 keV) photon emission from five solar flares have been made with the X-ray spectrometers aboard the ISEE-3 (International Sun Earth Explorer-3) and PVO (Pioneer Venus Orbiter) spacecraft. The observed altitude structure of the photon source and its dependence on the photon energy and time during a flare are compared with the predictions of thermal and non-thermal models of the hard X-ray source. In the case of the impulsive source, it is found that (1) the thermal model with adiabatic compression and expansion of a magnetically-confined plasma and the thin target (non-thermal) model are not consistent with the observations; (2) the thick target (non-thermal) model and the dissipative thermal model are partially in agreement with the observations; (3) the emission probably originates in many individual non-thermal sources distributed in altitude, the lower altitude sources being brighter than those at higher altitude. In the case of the gradual source, it is found that (1) models with purely coronal sources are not consistent with the observations; (2) a partial precipitation model with trapped as well as precipitating electrons is consistent with the observations.
Optical crystallographic properties of some antihistaminic compounds

The optical crystallographic properties of eleven antihistamines have been determined. The optical properties vary sufficiently so that identification of the individual members is possible.
Integration as the Tendency of Development of Business in Russia

Abstract Modern business is not just proven that the most effective way of competition - cooperation. This is the basis of the growing trends in the development of integration processes in the economy. In particular, the Russian business has its own peculiarities connected first of all with high levels of uncertainty and risk, which in the long term may be accompanied by falling of profitability, it is not possible to attract strategic investments, and the life cycle of this business in the relatively short. It determines the urgency of identifying the existing integration tendencies business in Russia. The authors have considered approaches to the classification of the integration phenomena in business, noted their positive and negative sides. Formulated definition of integration. The authors, based on data of the official Russian statistics, analyze the processes of integration in the industry by assessing the concentration of which in the international practice, there are various indicators. The authors prove that the integrated corporate business structure in the modern economy is a special institutional structures that define the character of the transformation, the reform of transformations in modern society.
Caregiver Stress in Grandparents Raising Grandchildren

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine caregiver stress in grandparents who are raising grandchildren as well as the antecedents to the child's placement with grandparents. The sample was 41 grandparents, aged 40 to 78 years, with a mean of 55 years. Subjects reported increased psychological distress as measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory. Social isolation and restriction of role, as measured by the Parenting Stress Index, were found to be predictors of increased psychological distress. Child maltreatment, often involving parental substance abuse, was found to be the major antecedent to children being raised by grandparents.
The effects of acetaldehyde on the kinetics of the energy-dependent phosphate-induced swelling of rat liver mitochondria

Abstract Acetaldehyde in the range of 1 to 5 mM increases the rate and extent of swelling of rat liver mitochondria with either DL-3-hydroxybutyrate or succinate as substrate. Higher concentrations of acetaldehyde first increase the rate of swelling and then completely inhibit swelling. Exposure of mitochondria to 5 mM acetaldehyde does not alter the requirements of swelling for energy and inorganic phosphate. The results demonstrate that acetaldehyde is capable of altering the kinetics of swelling under conditions which prevent the oxidation of acetaldehyde.
Transaminase activities associated with some crystalline or highly purified enzymes

Abstract A relatively large number of crystalline or highly purified enzymes, including phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, and lactic dehydrogenases from two sources, were found to possess transaminase activities. In several cases transaminase activity could be detected even in the absence of any added pyridoxal phosphate, suggesting the presence of this coenzyme in the crystalline enzyme preparations. When treated with pyridoxal phosphate, a crystalline preparation of rabbit muscle lactic dehydrogenase showed a drastic change in its electrophoretic mobility, a total loss of lactic dehydrogenase activity, and a retention of transaminase activity. Under similar conditions changes occurred in the electrophoretic mobility of the beef heart enzyme, but no noticeable influence could be observed either on its dehydrogenase or transaminase enzymic activities. Using various combinations of chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose or Sephadex, and agar-gel electrophoresis, it was possible to show the separability of the associated transaminase activities from the bulk of the protein and from phosphorylase a , phosphoglucomutase, and lactic dehydrogenase activities. The possibility was suggested that a variety of B 6 -enzymes might be firmly bound to other proteins, and that in some instances such associations might persist through extensive purification procedures.
Debunking the productivity paradox

The productivity paradox is not responsible for all the problems with computers. When all the evidence is in, there probably is almost no productivity paradox at all. The author discusses the arguments against the productivity paradox.
Fitness consequences of differences in male mating behaviour in relation to female reproductive status in flour beetles

Abstract In those species where females mate multiply, males that mate with non-virgin will generally share fertilizations with previous mates. As a result, males are expected to have evolved mechanisms to assess female reproductive status to maximize their fertilization success. This study examine dwhether male flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum , can distinguish between virgin and previously mated females by comparing mate behaviour of males given equal access to females differing in reproductive status. Males preferentially approached and contacted virgin females, and copulated significantly more often with virgin females compared to previously mated females. Female reproductive status did not appear to affect the probability of a copulation attempt once contact had been made with the female, or the probability that a copulation attempt woulf be successful. Males mating with virgin females gained a significant reproductive advantage compared to matings with previously mated females, siring more progeny with each mating. Possible factors that may influence selection for male ability to distinguish and preferentially mate with virgin females are discussed, including patterns of sperm precedence and female re-mating intervals.
Controlling individual domain walls in ferromagnetic nanowires for memory and sensor applications

Controlled motion of 180° and 360° domain walls along planar nanowires is presented. Standard Landau — Lifshitz micromagnetic modeling has been used to simulate the response of the domain walls to the application of an external magnetic field. A 180° wall is quickly and easily moved with the application of an applied. field along the axis of the wire but a 360°domain wall is stationary in the same case. An oscillatory applied field can be used to continually move the wall along the wires axis. The speed at which the 360° domain wall is found to be several times slower than a similar 180° domain wall and is limited by interaction between the magnetization of the domain wall and the external field.
EFFECT OF FROZEN STORAGE ON THE QUALITY OF AKARA, FRIED COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) PASTE

Akara, a fried food of West African origin, is made from whipped cowpea paste flavored with fresh onion, fresh hot or bell pepper, and salt. Akara has potential for U.S. markets as a fully cooked, frozen, reheatable product. Akara was stored at −18°C for 9 months and compared to freshly prepared akara in selected quality characteristics. Frozen, thawed akara had a higher moisture and lower crude fat content, required significantly less force to shear, and had a lighter, less intense color than freshly prepared product. Frozen/thawed/reheated akara received lower senson scores for color, moistness and flavor than the fresh product. Analysis of headspace volatiles of freshly prepared akara and akara frozen 3, 6 and 9 months resulted in fifteen peaks. Two peaks were significantly affected by frozen storage.
Current evidence on the associations between motor competence and aspects of health in youth: What do we know?

Introduction Developing and sustaining health-enhancing behaviors and outcomes in youth inherently involves the integration of many behavioral, psychological, social and environmental factors. Examining how these factors evolve across childhood and adolescence and how they may synergistically interact to promote either positive or negative trajectories of physical and psychological development has largely been unexplored. In 2008, Stodden et al. [1] suggested that previous research had failed to consider the role that motor competence (MC) plays in the initiation, maintenance, or decline of physical activity (PA), health-related physical fitness (HRPF) and how these factors may synergistically impact to weight status in youth. Using a unique developmental approach, a conceptual model was proposed that addresses the potential role that MC may have on promoting either positive or negative trajectories of PA, HRPF, perceived competence and weight status. Current knowledge Prior to 2008, limited research had examined associations between MC and the aforementioned health-related variables. However, emerging cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental data in children, adolescents and young adults indicate there is strong evidence for positive associations between MC and PA, cardiorespiratory fitness and musculoskeletal fitness. Data also confirm there is an inverse association between MC and body weight status. Further exploration of data from key studies in this area demonstrate the emergence of positive or negative trajectories of PA, HRF, perceived competence and weight status that align with the development of MC across childhood and into adolescence. Perspectives and conclusion As we now have sufficient evidence linking MC to various health-related constructs in youth, promoting the development of MC in interventions, specifically in early childhood, may be a catalyst that functions to promote positive trajectories of important health-related constructs across childhood, adolescence and possibly across the lifespan. Additional experimental evidence is needed to support the hypotheses of the Stodden et al. conceptual model.
Full-wave analysis of microstrip floating-line discontinuities

A full-wave analysis of the resonance generated by a floating line is presented. Beginning with the dyadic Green's function for a dielectric slab, an integral equation is formulated. This integral equation is then solved by the method of moments in obtaining the transmission and reflection coefficients, as well as current distributions along the transmission line and on the floating line, both longitudinal and transverse. Employing these results, the near- and far-zone fields, as well as radiation patterns are computed. It was found that under resonance conditions the radiation power can exceed 13% of the feeding power, which may cause a potential problem in electromagnetic compatibility. Singularities involved in the Sommerfeld integrals are carried out by a novel pole extraction technique in conjunction with conventional folding methods. The new technique reduced the relative error of the singular integrals due to inaccurate pole position about one order in magnitude in comparison to the traditional approaches. To verify the new approach, a number of cases of open-ended transmission lines and gap discontinuities are examined. The results obtained from this method showed good agreement with those of previous publications. >
Book review: Review of Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control

Review of Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control, 3rd Edition, by Dimitri P. Bertsekas, 2007 Athena Scientific, Belmont, MA, ISBN: 1-886529-08-6, p. 1040, hardcover This is a major revision of a p...
Distinguishing perceptual and conceptual levels of recognition at group boundaries

Communication is central to accomplishing the tasks of life, coordinating activities like mating, feeding, fighting, and flocking. To be successful, these tasks are often restricted to members of an individual’s own evolutionary lineage, or conspecifics. The ability to recognize conspecifics is often termed “species recognition.” Here, I summarize the difficulties associated with the concept of species recognition and describe a perceptual–conceptual framework for considering the processes by which organisms recognize members of a particular group. Recently published studies that focus on species recognition are highlighted and discussed in light of that framework, and I conclude by articulating open and fundamental questions that arise from challenging earlier notions of species recognition.
Neuromuscular block by neomycin in the cat.

The neuromuscular block produced by neomycin is unique. Despite nearly complete blockade of the twitch the tetanus is not blocked and does not fade. The pathognomonic post-tetanic exhaustion has not been reported previously. Anti-cholinesterases and calcium antagonize the block, but the antagonism may not be complete. Genuine antagonizes the block in the cat, but its clinical value has not been tested. These characteristics of neuromuscular block by neomycin strongly suggest respiratory support and sedation to decrease the respiratory drive, rather than attempts at antagonism, as the rational management of patients suffering from toxic paralysis due to neomycin.
Arachidonic acid metabolites do not mediate modulation of neurotransmitter release by adenosine in rat hippocampus or striatum.

Abstract The possible involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites as mediators of the modulation of neurotransmitter release by adenosine, acetylcholine, and GABA was examined in brain slices of rat hippocampus and striatum. The synaptic modulatory effects of these 3 agents on excitatory transmission in the CA1 region of hippocampus were completele unaffected by a phospholipase inhibitor (p-bromophenacyl bromide, BPB; 10–50 μM), a lipoxygenase inhibitor (nordihydroguaiaretic acid; 5–50 μM), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10–20 μM), and a cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor (U53059; 5–10 μM). BPB was also found to be ineffective in altering the modulation of transmission by adenosine in the perforant path, and the adenosine inhibition of electrically stimulated release of endogenous dopamine from striatal slices. Arachidonic acid itself also had no effect on synaptic transmission. While these experiments do not rule out such a role for arachidonic acid or its metabolites in mammalian brain, they suggest that in a number of systems the inhibition of transmitter release must occur through an entirely independent mechanism.
Epistemicism, paradox, and conditional obligation

Stewart Shapiro has objected to the epistemicist theory of vagueness on grounds that it gives counterintuitive predictions about cases involving conditional obligation. This paper details a response on the epistemicist’s behalf. I first argue that Shapiro’s own presentation of the objection is unsuccessful as an argument against epistemicism. I then reconstruct and offer two alternative arguments inspired by Shapiro’s considerations, and argue that these fail too, given the information-sensitive nature of conditional obligations.
Possible Explanation of the New Resonance in e + e - Annihilation

We propose that the recently discovered resonance in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation is a member of the 15 \ensuremath{\bigoplus} 1 dimensional representation of the SU(4) group. This hypothesis is consistent with the various experimental features reported for the resonance. In addition, we make a prediction for the masses of the charmed vector mesons belonging to the same representation.
III-Nitride light-emitting diodes for solid state lighting revolution

This presentation will include an overview of III-Nitride LED technology, applications, key areas for future improvements, challenges such as efficiency droop. Under the “replacement paradigm”, LEDs are replacing conventional light sources. In addition, transcending the replacement paradigm of solid-state lighting for future new applications will be discussed.
Contractile signaling pathways in mouse prostate smooth muscle

BACKGROUND Prostate smooth muscle plays an important role in the physiological ejection of prostatic fluid and also in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia. Although mouse is the best genetically engineered animal model to identify potential molecular targets for human diseases, only fragmentary information is available for basic mechanism of mouse prostate contraction. METHODS Small smooth muscle tubular rings were excised from four mouse prostate lobes to measure their isometric contractions. High K+, noradrenaline (NA), or acetylcholine (ACh) was applied with and without various antagonists and/or inhibitors to examine the contractile signaling pathways. RESULTS Maximum amplitude of agonist-induced contractions varied greatly with different lobes but not with different locations or orientations within each lobe. Both NA and ACh produced large contractions in ventral and dorsal rings, whereas only small contractions were elicited in lateral and anterior rings. Combination of alpha-1 and muscarinic antagonists suppressed K+ depolarization-induced contraction potently in ventral rings, but slightly in anterior rings. Blocking of either Ca2+-release or Ca2+-influx reduced agonist-induced contraction of ventral rings, however, a considerable amount of contractility remained even with both blockers. Inhibitors of ROCK and PKC partially inhibited NA-induced contractions, whereas a combination of Ca2+-blockers and Ca2+-sensitization inhibitors strongly suppressed the contraction. CONCLUSIONS The ejection of prostatic fluid is differentially regulated in each prostate lobe. In ventral prostate smooth muscle, Ca2+-release, Ca2+-influx, and ROCK- and PKC-mediated Ca2+-sensitizations are all involved in NA-induced contractions. This finding is a useful step toward the understanding of the phenotypic changes in the smooth muscle of BPH prostate. Prostate 73: 996–1006, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical inference processing techniques for scene analysis

Many seemingly diverse optical processing operations and architectures are possible. We unify many of these in one multifunctional inference optical processor for scene analysis.
Temporally and spatially resolved studies in an amplitude modulated inductively coupled plasma

Abstract The rf power introduced into an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) has been amplitude modulated between l kW and 250 W. The utility of this perturbation for the study of plasma intrinsic properties such as the recombination continuum and argon emission, which were monitored with spatial and temporal resolution, is described. In addition, the use of this perturbation for the investigation of analyte emission spatial profiling is demonstrated. Observed relaxation times for several plasma species indicate ambipolar diffusion, thermal conduction, and radiative recombination to be rate-limiting steps in plasma relaxation. Finally, this experimental approach shows great potential as a method for the study of atomization mechanisms and molecular recombination reactions occurring in the plasma.
Hypotheses on the molecular mechanism of action of tumor promoters.

Abstract This paper presents hypotheses concerning the molecular basis for tumor promotion. Phorbol and related ingenol esters fall into two groups — (a) those that are inflammatogens alone, and (b) those that are both inflammatogens and tumor promoters. Both of these are complementary to lipophilic groove A on the molecules of PLA 2 and pro-PLA 2 . The difference between groups (a) and (b) lies significantly in the nature of the long hydrocarbon side chain. In compounds in group (a) these side chains are flexible or fixed curled over the body of the molecule; in compounds in group (b) they are inflexible (double-bonded). This suggests that an interaction with the lipid bilayer may be significant for Stage 1 promotion as a necessary, but not sufficient, factor for tumor promotion. Stage 2 promotion (also necessary, but not sufficient in itself) may involve activation of PLA 2 , possibly by activation of pronase. Possible receptor sites for TPA are reviewed to include a hypothetical external membrane receptor, PLA 2 , pro-PLA 2 , and PLC, as well as the possible nature of the endogenous ligand at the "TPA receptor" to include a phospholipid and a polypeptide.
Pre-printed opioid medication orders.

In the PACU, the anesthesia provider reports off to the PACU nurse, then leaves the area to return to the OR to provide care to the next patient. Through our ASPAN Clinical Practice Network, nurses have described trying to manage the patient’s pain through multiple calls into the OR or the more dangerous practice of nurse administration of medication without physician orders with the physician signing orders after the fact. The first scenario is inefficient for all. It distracts the anesthesia team from care of the patient in the OR and may cause significant delays in appropriate pain control for the patient in the PACU. The second scenario is an obvious and dangerous example of practicing without a license.
Leucylglycinamide Released from Oxytocin by Human Uterine Enzyme

Uteri of pregnant and nonpregnant women contain enzymic activities which inactivate oxytocin. A potent enzyme, which has been partially purified from uterine homogenates, cleaves the prolyl-leucyl peptide bond of oxytocin. This findinig associates for the first time the release of the dipeptide leucylglycinamide with the degradation of neurohypophyseal hormones.
Casinos, Casino Size and Crime: A Panel Data Analysis of Michigan Counties

Abstract Growth in legal gaming in the United States over the past quarter century or so is well-documented. One important factor fueling this growth was the passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988, which permitted Native American tribes to establish, under agreements or “compacts” with the states in which they are located, casinos offering what is known as Class III gaming: slot machines, blackjack, roulette, and other games. Since the passage of the Act, there have been 21 Native American casinos established in Michigan. Also, three non-Native American casinos opened in Detroit in 1999 and 2000. This growth in the number of casinos has sparked a wide-ranging debate over the social and economic impacts of casino development. The purpose of this research is to focus on the crime issue in the broader casino debate. We investigate the impact of these Michigan casinos on the rates of burglary, robbery, larceny and motor vehicle theft (property crimes) in casino host counties as well as in nearby counties. We employ a panel data set with annual observations on all 83 Michigan counties for the period 1994–2010. The dataset includes crime rates taken from the FBI crime data series, variables for the presence of a casino in a county or in a nearby county, the scale of a casino's operations as measured by revenues, and a variety of control variables suggested by the broader literature investigating the factors that determine crime rates generally. Our results suggest that in most cases the property crime rates studied are not affected by the presence or size of a casino in a county or in a nearby county. The largest such impact, which is negative, is for motor vehicle theft. The size of a casino does have a small positive effect on the motor vehicle theft rate.
VPI-SAS: Using SAS as an Aid for Evaluating Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory

The program described is designed to score Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI). Output is presented graphically and numerically in five parts. The program is useful in providing the researcher with a method for analyzing and managing large VPI data sets.
Cross-sectional age differences in personality: Evidence from nationally representative samples from Switzerland and the United States

Abstract Identifying reliable patterns of age differences in personality can help clarify the nature of adult personality development. Previous studies have been limited because many have relied on convenience samples. In this study, we examined age differences in personality in two nationally representative samples, one from Switzerland and one from the United States. The results indicated that Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were positively associated with age, whereas Extraversion was negatively associated with age. However, the magnitude of age differences for Extraversion was much smaller than for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Openness showed a more complex trend such that 30- to 34-year-olds scored lower on Openness than younger age groups, whereas older groups scored somewhere in between. Inconsistent age differences were observed for Neuroticism.
Ethanol inhibits mitogen-induced calcium mobilization in mouse splenocytes.

Ethanol inhibited the mitogen-induced initial increase in cytoplasmic free-calcium (Ca{sup 2+})i in mouse splenocytes. This effect was concentration-dependent, reversible, and observed at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Other short-chain alcohols such as propanol, butanol, and pentanol also inhibited this mitogen-induced increase in (Ca{sup 2+})i. The potencies of these alcohols to produce this effect were highly correlated with their membrane/buffer partition coefficients. Analysis of mouse splenocyte subpopulations demonstrated that this effect was manifest in both B and T lymphocytes. Within T lymphocyte subpopulations, both CD4{sup +} and CD8{sup +} T cells were affected. These results suggest that the inhibition of (Ca{sup 2+})i increase may be an early event mediating ethanol-induced immunosuppression and that this may be a predisposing factor to infection and malignancies associated with alcoholism.
Beyond Microsystems Unanticipated Lessons about the Meaning of Inclusion

Despite the increasing prevalence of inclusive early education programs, little is known about the organizational configurations and contexts of these programs, or the ways in which they are viewed by those who develop and use them. This article describes several lessons learned from a qualitative study of inclusive preschool programs. The lessons focus on the meanings of inclusion as it relates to the organizational and social contexts experienced and perceived by families, educators, and administrators. Implications for the field are discussed with regard to ideology and policy enactment, developmental appropriateness of organizations and curricula, and the configuration of programs and services.
Large-Scale Response of the Tropical Atmosphere to Transient Convection

Abstract We consider the problem of the linear response of a stratified, equatorial, β-plane model atmosphere to specified transient sources of heat and momentum. The method of solution involves transforms in all three spatial coordinates. A finite Sturm-Liouville transform is used in z, a Fourier transform in x, and a generalized Hermite transform in y. The resulting spectral equations can then be solved analytically for a specified forcing. Of particular interest is the case of a Gaussian-shaped heat source centered at latitude yo and with e-folding radius a. The heat source is transient and has time scale 1/α. Using the Parceval relation we compute how the forced energy is partitioned between Kelvin, mixed Rossby-gravity, Rossby and gravity modes as a function of a, yo, α. Model results using a heat source centered at 11°S with an e-folding radius of 750 km and a time scale of about a day indicate that many aspects of the summertime upper tropospheric circulation over South America can be explained by ...
446 TREATMENT OF ANDROGEN EXCESS IN ADOLESCENT PATIENTS

Fourteen hirsute girls, ages 12-22 yrs (M±SD 17.3±2.7 yrs), in whom 21OH deficiency was excluded by 1 h° IV bolus Cortrosyn test in 1981 were evaluated by a dexamethasone (dex) suppression test (0.5 mg QID) with measurement of serum androgens on d5 and then treated with a bedtime dose of dex (0.5 mg in 10, 0.25 mg in 4) for 7-41 mos (mean 15.7 mos) with visits q3 mos. Baseline free testosterone (FT) was ↑ in 14/14 (19-57 pg/ml); DHAS > 350 ug/dl in 10/14; DHA>790 ng/dl in 8/14; Δ4 > 300 ng/dl in 5/14; urinary 17KS > 15 mg/24 h in 8/14. With the dex test DHAS↓> 50% in all (mean 70%), FT<5 pg/ml in 8/14. With dex treatment DHAS ↓21-92% (mean 51%), FT was < 15 pg/ml in only 4 patients. Hirsutism did not change in 9, ↓ in 4, and ↑ in 1 with dex therapy. Of 9 patients with irregular menses, only 3 became regular on dex. Side effects (striae, weight gain and acne) occurred in 6 on 0.5 mg dex but not on 0.25 mg. The 2 patients with the most striking clinical response to dex did not recur 14 mos and 28 mos off dex. All others off treatment showed ↑ serum androgens. 7/14 (5 with ↑ DS) not responding well to adrenal suppression responded to oral contraceptive therapy with ↓ FT 0.4-6 pg/ml and improved control of hirsutism. The data suggest that single dose dex is satisfactory in patients who maintain FT <15 pg/ml without side effects. In others with adequate suppression by dex test, other schedules or glucocorticoids may be necessary. In hirsute adolescents without adequate suppression of FT, ovarian therapy is required.
Transient oxidation of Single-Crystal β-NiAl

The transient oxidation of β-NiAl in air at 800 °C and 1100 °C has been studied using electron microscopy. The oxide scale consists predominatly of metastable Al2O3 phases. θ-Al2O3 is the major oxide phase within 10.0 hr of oxidation at 800 °C and 0.1 hr at 1100 °C. The scales form epitaxially on (001)β and (012)β specimens throughout the transient stage, whereas the degree of preferred oxide orientation decreases with oxidation time on (011)β and (111)β specimens. The orientation relationships reflect the small mismatch between parallel close-packed directions in the metal and in the cation sublattice of the oxides. The correlation of distinctive oxide surface morphologies with internal structural defects indicates the strong tendency of the Al2O3 scale to growvia short-circuit diffusion paths.
Mechanism of migration of olfactory bulb interneurons.

Abstract Neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the walls of the lateral ventricle in the brain of young and adult rodents migrate into the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into local interneurons. These cells move closely associated with each other, forming chains without radial glial or axonal guidance. The migrating neuroblasts express PSA-NCAM on their surface and PSA residues are crucial for cell–cell interaction during chain migration. This migration occurs throughout the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle, where the precursors form an extensive network of chains. Cells remain organized as chains until they reach the olfactory bulb, where they disperse organized as chains until they reach the olfactory bulb, where they disperse radially as individual cells. Chain migration defines a novel form of neuronal precursor translocation which is based on homotypic interactions between cells.
tRNA Binding, Structure, and Localization of the Human Interferon-Induced Protein IFIT5

Interferon-induced proteins, including the largely uncharacterized interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat (IFIT) protein family, provide defenses against pathogens. Differing from expectations for tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) proteins and from human IFIT1, IFIT2, and IFIT3, we show that human IFIT5 recognizes cellular RNA instead of protein partners. In vivo and in vitro, IFIT5 bound to endogenous 5'-phosphate-capped RNAs, including transfer RNAs. The crystal structure of IFIT5 revealed a convoluted intramolecular packing of eight TPRs as a fold that we name the TPR eddy. Additional, non-TPR structural elements contribute to an RNA binding cleft. Instead of general cytoplasmic distribution, IFIT5 concentrated in actin-rich protrusions from the apical cell surface colocalized with the RNA-binding retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). These findings establish compartmentalized cellular RNA binding activity as a mechanism for IFIT5 function and reveal the TPR eddy as a scaffold for RNA recognition.