cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive robust control of programmable valves with manufacturer supplied flow mapping only

The energy-saving programmable valves, a unique combination of five independently controlled poppet type cartridge valves, have been shown to significantly reduce energy usage while maintaining excellent control performance. Due to the fact that the flow characteristics of poppet type cartridge valves are very difficult to model, pressure compensated flow mapping via off-line system identification were used in all previous controller designs. However, individually calibrating each valve in use would prohibit their widespread industrial applications. It is desirable to have a controller requiring only the manufacturer supplied valve flow mappings, which may differ from the true individual valve flow characteristics to certain degrees. This paper presents an adaptive robust controller to control the multi-input valve system with the manufacturer supplied flow mapping only. Robust stability is guaranteed under bounded modelling errors, and the effect of modelling errors is effectively attenuated by the use of nonlinear robust feedback structure that achieves a prescribed transient performance and final tracking accuracy. In addition, real-time adaptation is used to reduce the degree of modelling errors for an improved performance. Experimental results are obtained to validate the proposed scheme.
Filament Frontogenesis by Boundary Layer Turbulence

AbstractA submesoscale filament of dense water in the oceanic surface layer can undergo frontogenesis with a secondary circulation that has a surface horizontal convergence and downwelling in its center. This occurs either because of the mesoscale straining deformation or because of the surface boundary layer turbulence that causes vertical eddy momentum flux divergence or, more briefly, vertical momentum mixing. In the latter case the circulation approximately has a linear horizontal momentum balance among the baroclinic pressure gradient, Coriolis force, and vertical momentum mixing, that is, a turbulent thermal wind. The frontogenetic evolution induced by the turbulent mixing sharpens the transverse gradient of the longitudinal velocity (i.e., it increases the vertical vorticity) through convergent advection by the secondary circulation. In an approximate model based on the turbulent thermal wind, the central vorticity approaches a finite-time singularity, and in a more general hydrostatic model, the c...
In the Rodent Tail Loading Model, Locations of Cancellous Tissue with High Mechanical Strain are not Affected by Small Off-axis Loads

The relationship between mechanical stresses and strains and bone adaptation in cancellous bone has not been explored at the scale of individual trabeculae. Finite element models are necessary to measure mechanical stresses/strains at the scale of individual trabeculae. Small variations in in-vivo loading conditions may lead to incorrect strain distribution predictions from idealized finite element models. Here we examined how small variations in the loading conditions affected the location of tissue with high mechanical strain in cancellous bone by simulating translational and angular displacements. Neither translational nor angular displacements significantly altered the location of tissue with high mechanical strain in cancellous bone.
Buddy‐to‐Buddy, a citizen soldier peer support program to counteract stigma, PTSD, depression, and suicide

Citizen soldiers (National Guard and Reserves) represent approximately 40% of the two million armed forces deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. Twenty-five to forty percent of them develop PTSD, clinical depression, sleep disturbances, or suicidal thoughts. Upon returning home, many encounter additional stresses and hurdles to obtaining care: specifically, many civilian communities lack military medical/psychiatric facilities; financial, job, home, and relationship stresses have evolved or have been exacerbated during deployment; uncertainty has increased related to future deployment; there is loss of contact with military peers; and there is reluctance to recognize and acknowledge mental health needs that interfere with treatment entry and adherence. Approximately half of those needing help are notreceivingit.Toaddressthisconstellationofissues,aprivate‐publicpartnershipwasformedundertheauspicesof the Welcome Back Veterans Initiative. In Michigan, the Army National Guard teamed with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University to develop innovative peer-to-peer programs for soldiers (Buddy-to-Buddy) and augmented programs for military families. Goals are to improve treatment entry, adherence, clinical outcomes, and to reduce suicides. This manuscript describes training approaches, preliminary results, and explores future national dissemination.
The Role of Genes and Hormones in Sexual Differentiation

This chapter describes the process of sexual differentiation from a genetic and hormonal point of view. It is useful to view sexual differentiation as having five aspects: genetic (or genotypic) sex, gonadal sex, hormonal sex, phenotypic sex, and psychological sex. In most individuals each of these aspects develops along the same lines, so that they are all male or all female. However, discordance among the different aspects of sexual differentiation occasionally occurs. In older literature the term “hermaphrodite” was used to describe discordance of sexual differentiation. This term is now avoided, primarily because it has a pejorative connotation in popular usage. The term “intersex,” is preferred, which refers to a variety of conditions with mixed sexual anatomy (Intersex Society of North America). Sometimes intersex individuals have ambiguous genitalia, but intersexuality may not be evident from an external examination.
There is more than One Way to be Redundant: A Comparison of Alternatives for the Design and Use of Redundancy in Organizations

This article extends Landau's work on redundancy in organizations. Three basic and two hybrid approaches to redundancy are described and compared. The types are explored in the context of redundancy as duplication, and also in the context of redundancy as overlap, with modifications as appropriate. The dynamics of duplication versus overlap are also explored. Issues regarding the "triggering" of redundancy, the difference between redundancy and the `fail-safe" mentality, and redundancy in the special case of secrecy concerns are also discussed.
Simple, Inexpensive Classroom Experiments for Understanding Basic Gas Laws and Properties of Gases

As educators, we are continually designing new methods and procedures to enhance learning. During this process, good ideas are frequently generated and tested, but the extent of such activities may not be adequate for a full manuscript. Nonetheless, the ideas may be quite beneficial in improving the teaching and learning of physiology. Illuminations is a column designed to facilitate the sharing of these ideas (illuminations). The format of submissions is quite simple: a succinct description of about one or two double-spaced pages (less title and authorship) of something you have used for the classroom, teaching, lab, conference room, etc. You may include one or two simple figures or references. Submit ideas for inclusion in Illuminations directly to the Associate Editor in charge, Stephen DiCarlo (sdicarlo@med.wayne.edu).
Source-end DDoS defense

A successful source-end DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) defense enables early suppression of the attack and minimizes collateral damage. However, such an approach faces many challenges: (a) distributing the attack hinders detection; (b) defense systems must guarantee good service to legitimate traffic during the attack; and (c) deployment costs and false alarm levels must be sufficiently small and effectiveness must be high to provide deployment incentive. We discuss each of the challenges and describe one successful design of a source-end DDoS defense system-the D-WARD system. D-WARD was implemented in a Linux router. We include experimental results to illustrate D-WARD's performance.
The Link Among Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity, Endothelial Function, and Aortic and Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertension

The adaptive changes that occur in the left ventricle (LV) and vessels in response to hypertension, namely, muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, endothelial dysfunction, and extracellular matrix increase, do not depend solely on blood pressure elevation. These changes are, in fact, maladaptive since they are forerunners of cardiac failure, stroke, and renal failure. Nitric oxide, an endogenous vasodilator and inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell growth, is synthesized in the endothelium by constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS). We investigated the relationships among LV and aortic cNOS activity (conversion of [ 14 C] L-arginine to [ 14 C] L-citrulline), with LV hypertrophy (LV weight/body weight), and (2) aortic hypertrophy (aortic weight/ length) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats matched for blood pressure (219±12 versus 211±7 mm Hg, P =NS) and age. Compared with their normotensive counterparts, aortic cNOS activity was increased 106% in SHR but reduced by 73% in DS rats. The correlation between blood pressure and aortic cNOS activity was positive ( r =.74, P r =-.82, P P P r =−.70, P
INTENSIVE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC REGIMENS AGAINST ACUTE LEUKEMIA TRANSIENTLY SUPPRESS ASTHMA SYMPTOMS BUT DO NOT LEAD TO LONG-TERM RELIEF

In some very rare cases children suffer from a combination of asthma and a malignant disease. This study investigated whether intensive chemotherapy might have a positive effect on asthma in these special cases and whether asthma generally relapses after completion of chemotherapy. The authors monitored clinical outcome and lung function of 43 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received chemotherapy at the University Children's Hospital of Greifswald between 1993 and 1998. Cytostatic chemotherapy was administered according to the German treatment protocols. Two of the 43 patients had asthma before leukemia was diagnosed. During the course of chemotherapy, asthma symptoms diminished promptly after beginning of chemotherapy but asthma was rediagnosed after completion of chemotherapy in both cases. The third patient developed asthmatic symptoms shortly after completion of chemotherapy for the first time. It can be stated that chemotherapy does not essentially cure asthma....
Note: A kinematic shaker system for high amplitude, low frequency vibration testing

This note describes a shaker system capable of high peak-velocity, large amplitude, low frequency, near-sinusoidal excitation that has been constructed and employed in experiments on the inhibition of Rayleigh-Benard convection using acceleration modulation. The production of high peak-velocity vibration is of interest in parametric excitation problems of this type and reaches beyond the capabilities of standard electromagnetic shakers. The shaker system described employs a kinematic linkage to two counter-rotating flywheels, driven by a variable-speed electrical motor, producing peak-to-peak displacements of 15.24 cm to a platform mounted on two guide rails. In operation, this shaker has been demonstrated to produce peak speeds of up to 3.7 m/s without failure.
The Dignity of Legislation: Aristotle's multitude

There is a passage in Chapter 11 of Book III of Aristotle's Politics that has not been given the attention it deserves in modern discussions of Aristetlian political philosophy. Certainly it has not been given enough attention in the theory of democracy and in theories of popular legislation. I want to remedy that neglect. Indeed the aim of this chapter is to exaggerate the importance of this passage – to light it up in a way that may go far beyond the intentions of its author – in order to benefit from its illumination of other themes and passages whose importance for the Aristotelian project is, by contrast, indisputable. The passage I have in mind is Aristotle's attempt to answer a question he poses about political sovereignty at the beginning of Chapter 10: There is also a doubt as to what is to be the supreme power in the state: – Is it the multitude? Or the wealthy? Or the good? Or the one best man? Or a tyrant? Any of these alternatives seems to involve disagreeable consequences. (65: 1281a11) After reviewing some of these consequences, Aristotle begins Chapter 11 by saying that there might be some truth in the principle that the people at large rather than the few best ought to be in power in the polis. He says (and this is the passage I want to focus on), For the many, of whom each individual is not a good man, when they meet together may be better than the few good, if regarded not individually but collectively, just as a feast to which many contribute is better than a dinner provided out of a single purse. […]
Outcomes of adults with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission given 550 cGy of single-exposure total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, and unrelated donor bone marrow transplants

Abstract On the basis of observations from dog models and human studies, we hypothesized that a low-dose (550 cGy), single-exposure total body irradiation (TBI)-based regimen would result in improved survival when given to adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who were undergoing unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in complete remission (CR). The regimen consisted of single exposure (550 cGy) of TBI given at a high dose rate (30 cGy/min) and cyclophosphamide. Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine, methotrexate, and corticosteroids. Thirty-two consecutive adult patients (median age, 47 years) with AML in CR (15 in CR 1 and 17 in CR ≥2) were treated. Sixteen patients (50%) were alive and in remission at last follow-up (median, 2.2 years; range, 0.6–4.0 years). Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall and leukemia-free survival at 3 years were 55% ± 14% (mean ± SE) and 57% ± 14% in CR 1 patients and were both 39% ± 12% in CR ≥2 patients. Transplant-related mortality was 13% for patients in CR 1 and 41% for those in CR ≥2. Only 1 patient (3%) experienced fatal regimen-related organ toxicity, and only 1 had grade III or IV acute graft-versus-host disease. Graft failure was not observed. Relapse occurred in 22% of patients. This low-dose (550 cGy), single-exposure TBI-based regimen resulted in good survival and a low risk of fatal regimen-related organ toxicity in adult patients with AML who underwent unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in CR.
More than a Job: Final Results from the Evaluation of the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) Transitional Jobs Program

This report presents the final results of the evaluation of the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO). CEO is one of four sites in the Enhanced Services for the Hard-to-Employ Demonstration and Evaluation Project, sponsored by the Administration for Children and Families and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), with additional funding from the U.S. Department of Labor. MDRC, a nonprofit, nonpartisan social and education policy research organization, is leading the evaluation, in collaboration with the Urban Institute and other partners.Based in New York City, CEO is a comprehensive employment program for former prisoners — a population confronting many obstacles to finding and maintaining work. CEO provides temporary, paid jobs and other services in an effort to improve participants’ labor market prospects and reduce the odds that they will return to prison. The study uses a rigorous random assignment design: it compares outcomes for individuals assigned to the program group, who were given access to CEO’s jobs and other services, with the outcomes for those assigned to the control group, who were offered basic job search assistance at CEO along with other services in the community.The three-year evaluation found that CEO substantially increased employment early in the follow-up period but that the effects faded over time. The initial increase in employment was due to the temporary jobs provided by the program. After the first year, employment and earnings were similar for both the program group and the control group.CEO significantly reduced recidivism, with the most promising impacts occurring among a subgroup of former prisoners who enrolled shortly after release from prison (the group that the program was designed to serve). Among the subgroup that enrolled within three months after release, program group members were less likely than their control group counterparts to be arrested, convicted of a new crime, and reincarcerated. The program’s impacts on these outcomes represent reductions in recidivism of 16 percent to 22 percent. In general, CEO’s impacts were stronger for those who were more disadvantaged or at higher risk of recidivism when they enrolled in the study.The evaluation includes a benefit-cost analysis, which shows that CEO’s financial benefits outweighed its costs under a wide range of assumptions. Financial benefits exceeded the costs for taxpayers, victims, and participants. The majority of CEO’s benefits were the result of reduced criminal justice system expenditures.
Modeling The Bone Marrow Microenvironment's Influence on Leukemic Disease.

The bone marrow microenvironment serves as both the site of initiation of the majority of hematopoietic malignancies and also contributes to maintenance of minimal residual disease by promoting biologically relevant changes in tumor cells. These functional alterations of leukemic cells include, but are not limited to modulation of cell cycle, regulation of anti-apoptotic signaling cascades, and influence on metabolic activity. Of clinical relevance, these pathways impact on therapeutic response, making it critical to have robust in vitro systems to interrogate tumor cell interactions with stromal elements of the microenvironment to screen chemotherapeutic agents and inform the in vivo model design.
Results of Estrogen Treatment in One Thousand Hysterectomized Women for 14 318 years

The end of the fertile period of life is marked by the menopause or cessation of menstruation. The post-menopause is long and often occupies one third or more of the life span. It may be accompanied by a period of mental and physical unrest which may be severe.
Metaphyseal fibrous defects.

Metaphyseal fibrous defects are cystic lesions filled with fibrous tissue and are usually eccentrically located in the metaphyses of the long bones of the extremities of children and young adults. The lower extremities are most often involved. Histologically these defects are filled with whorls and sheets of fibrous tissue, varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells, and a few foam cells. The absence of new-bone formation is a constant finding. These lesions apparently arise as a result of some unknown process in which a small area of the epiphyseal plate intermittently produces fibrous tissue instead of bone. It would appear that many of these lesions may be extruded from the bone in the process of remodeling of the metaphysis during bone growth.
Wide Dynamic Range Sensing with Single Quantum Dot Biosensors

Single-particle analysis of biosensors that use charge transfer as the means for analyte-dependent signaling with semiconductor nanoparticles, or quantum dots, was examined. Single-particle analysis of biosensors that use energy transfer show analyte-dependent switching of nanoparticle emission from off to on. The charge-transfer-based biosensors reported here show constant emission, where the analyte (maltose) increases the emission intensity. By monitoring the same nanoparticles under various conditions, a single charge-transfer-based biosensor construct (one maltose binding protein, one protein attachment position for the reductant, one type of nanoparticle) showed a dynamic range for analyte (maltose) detection spanning from 100 pM to 10 μM while the emission intensities increase from 25 to 175% at the single-particle level. Since these biosensors were immobilized, the correlation between the detected maltose concentration and the maltose-dependent emission intensity increase could be examined. Minimal correlation between maltose detection limits and emission increases was observed, suggesting a variety of reductant-nanoparticle surface interactions that control maltose-dependent emission intensity responses. Despite the heterogeneous responses, monitoring biosensor emission intensity over 5 min provided a quantifiable method to monitor maltose concentration. Immobilizing and tracking these biosensors with heterogeneous responses, however, expanded the analyte-dependent emission intensity and the analyte dynamic range obtained from a single construct. Given the wide dynamic range and constant emission of charge-transfer-based biosensors, applying these single molecule techniques could provide ultrasensitive, real-time detection of small molecules in living cells.
A voice with an elusive sound: aphasia, diglossia, and arabophone Algeria in Assia Djebar's The Nouba of the Women of Mount Chenoua

ABSTRACTThe recent passing of Assia Djebar (1936–2015) raises interest in the legacy of her work. It is well documented that the renowned Algerian author attempted to write in Arabic in the 1970s, but never did. Instead, she made two films in Arabic before returning to writing in French. Film, in fact, is the only medium in which she used Arabic. Why was Arabic for Djebar a language suitable for filmmaking but not for writing novels or short stories? To which extent does it reveal limitations for Arabic as a language of cultural expression in the Maghreb? Articulated around the interrelated notions of aphasia, diglossia, and arabophonie, this article argues that the impossibility of writing in Arabic for Djebar, specifically given the language's binary structure, became essential to her oeuvre. Djebar's case, in turn, clarifies the language dynamics in the Maghreb, and the region's position at the intersections of French, Tamazight, and a broader Arabic-speaking World.
Social Networks and the Success of University Spin-offs Toward an Agenda for Regional Growth

This study explores the economic factors that are associated with the success of university spin-offs. Drawing on a unique sample of academic entrepreneurs from research institutions in New York State, the article finds that spin-off success is dependent on both the type and size of the academic entrepreneur’s social network. Specifically, extraregional networks of nonacademic contacts—including investors, researchers from other companies, and advisors—allow academic entrepreneurs access to a broader base of knowledge and other resources important to spin-off success, which leads to regional economic development.
Differences in trust between human and automated decision aids

Humans can easily find themselves in high cost situations where they must choose between suggestions made by an automated decision aid and a conflicting human decision aid. Previous research indicates that humans often rely on automation or other humans, but not both simultaneously. Expanding on previous work conducted by Lyons and Stokes (2012), the current experiment measures how trust in automated or human decision aids differs along with perceived risk and workload. The simulated task required 126 participants to choose the safest route for a military convoy; they were presented with conflicting information from an automated tool and a human. Results demonstrated that as workload increased, trust in automation decreased. As the perceived risk increased, trust in the human decision aid increased. Individual differences in dispositional trust correlated with an increased trust in both decision aids. These findings can be used to inform training programs for operators who may receive information from human and automated sources. Examples of this context include: air traffic control, aviation, and signals intelligence.
A rare cause of ischaemia in late adulthood: multimodal imaging of an anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

A 62-year-old female with no cardiovascular history presented with months of angina and exertional dyspnoea. Regadenoson single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrated a moderate inducible anterior perfusion defect ( Panel F ). Subsequent coronary angiogram demonstrated a large (>10 mm), tortuous, ectatic right coronary artery (RCA) with collaterals to the left main coronary artery (LMCA) emptying into the main pulmonary artery (MPA; Panel A , see Supplementary material online, Video S1 ). Right heart catheterization revealed pulmonary hypertension (mean PA 35 mmHg), elevated pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation (78%) and shunt fraction of 1.53. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms …
Proposed experiment addressing CP and CPT violation in the K0-K-bar0 system.

An experiment utilizing the decay phi..-->..K/sub S/K/sub L/ is proposed for measuring the ratio epsilon'/epsilon of CP-violating parameters in the kaon system. It appears one can probe values of epsilon'/epsilon down to 10/sup -3/ with 10/sup 9/ phi's. An asymmetry measurement of the relative times of ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/ and ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/ decays is capable of testing the phase difference phi/sub +-/-phi/sub 00/ to +- 1.6/sup 0/ (3sigma), with 10/sup 10/ phi's. Far fewer phi's (perhaps 10/sup 8/) can be useful in constraining some parameters of the kaon system associated with CPT violations.
Hydrogenation vs. H-D isotope scrambling during the conversion of ethylene with hydrogen/deuterium catalyzed by platinum under single-collision conditions.

The catalytic hydrogenation of olefins promoted by transition metals, represented here by the conversion of ethylene with platinum, was studied under a unique regime representing pressures in the mTorr range and single-collision conditions. Isotope labeling was used to follow the concurrent H–D exchange steps that occur during this conversion. Multiple isotope substitutions were observed in the resulting ethane products, reflecting the operability of the reversible stepwise mechanism proposed a long time ago by Horiuti and Polanyi. In fact, the ethane isotopologue distributions obtained in these experiments reflect a much higher probability for the dehydrogenation of ethyl intermediates back to the olefin, relative to the hydrogenation to ethane, than typically seen in this catalysis. In addition, a second mechanistic pathway was clearly identified, responsible for most of the dideuteroethane produced. Based on the dependence of the rates of formation of each isotopologue on the fluxes of deuterium and ethylene, it is argued that this second route may be a “reverse” Eley–Rideal step between gas-phase ethylene and two deuterium atoms adsorbed on adjacent sites of the platinum surface. The clear identification of this second pathway is new, and was possible thanks to our ability to explore a new single-collision intermediate pressure regime.
Accurate Spectral Testing With Impure Source and Noncoherent Sampling

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are becoming increasingly more common to be involved in most systems with integrated circuits. One of the difficulties being faced is to be able to accurately and cost-effectively test the continually higher performance of ADCs. A part of this test is being able to assess the dynamic linearity of the ADC through dynamic spectral testing. The standard test method for ADCs can be difficult to implement accurately and cost-effectively due to the stringent requirements. This paper develops an algorithm that relaxes the requirements on the linearity of the test signal and of the need to achieve coherent sampling. The standard test requires that the input signal linearity be about 20 dB purer than the ADC under test along with always maintaining coherent sampling. This algorithm will reduce the purity requirement by allowing the test signal to be less pure than the ADC under test while also completely removing the need for coherent sampling. The proposed method will be able to test a 16-b ADC with a target total harmonic distortion (THD) of around −95 dB using a test input signal that has a THD as bad as −50 dB. A test signal with this level of purity would be easy to design as well as be easily accessible in most systems that are being designed. The accuracy and robustness of these methods are demonstrated through simulation and measurement results.
Central Nervous System Control of Oxytocin Secretion during Lactation

One of the first neuropeptides characterized, the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin is essential for milk ejection from the mammary gland during lactation. In response to suckling, oxytocin release is pulsatile, maximizing its ability to contract the myoepithelium, and forming the classic milk ejection reflex. Neurophysiological investigations reveal that this periodicity is underlain by the brief, synchronous bursts of oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus. This activity is prominent during lactation, is dependent upon the sensory stimulation of the young, is regulated by the somatodendritic release of oxytocin within these two nuclei, and is further dependent upon the neurotransmitters glutamate and noradrenaline. Extensive bilateral, intrahypothalamic communication is essential for full expression of the reflex. There is remarkable neuroplasticity at many levels of this system that begins in late pregnancy and extends during lactation to shape the system for maximal periodic release. This chapter explores the neuronal pathways essential to carry and modulate the reflex, and the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying oxytocin neuronal activation.
Dialogical Genres and Cultural Encounters

A monologue may be entertaining or overbearing. It may even, in the mouth of a skilled character actor, embrace a variety of voices and points of view. But, in critical circles, the term ‘monological’ has gained currency as a description of language that admits only one point of view. ‘Dialogical’, on the other hand, connotes a willingness to free the captive audience, and to meet the other as a subject speaking from an alternate perspective. ‘Dialogue’, according to one definition, ‘means communication between simultaneous differences’.
Transient free boundary layer near a heated vertical plate in a rectangular cavity

Numerical analysis of the two-dimensional unsteady flow generated by a uniformly heated vertical plate in a rectangular cavity filled with water is performed. The convective process is initiated by...
Bringing People Back In: Crisis Planning and Response Embedded in Social Contexts

Urban resilience requires sophisticated technical expertise to anticipate problems and develop transformative solutions, yet these efforts alone are often insufficient. We argue that resilience work needs to acknowledge the social contexts in which these plans are situated to better identify potential pitfalls and negotiate challenges “on the ground.” Drawing on Zukin and DiMaggio’s (Structures of capital: the social organization of the economy. Cambridge University, Cambridge, pp 1–36, 1990) embeddedness framework, we explain how cognitive, cultural, structural, and political contexts can complicate resilience work. First, we describe the framework and draw on extant literature to show how the four dimensions relate to urban resilience. Then, we use case studies from two environmental disasters to illustrate how emergency response efforts fell short because they did not adequately account for social context. Our aim is to orient urban resilience experts and practitioners to embeddedness thinking and offer suggestions for ways to better negotiate obstacles to success and opportunities for improvement inherent in the social environment.
The Science of Behavior in the Design of Cultures

Skinner (1953, 1969, 1972, 1979) has suggested that the solutions to many problems that confront our society rest in implementing a science of cultural design based on the principles and technology of the analysis of behavior. Skinner’s novel Walden Two (1948) presented his vision of how the application of the science of behavior to the design of cultural institutions and practices might be accomplished. Walden Two presents the picture of a community in which most of the evils of society, such as poverty, hunger, crime, violence, and exhausting labor, have been eliminated, and in which all members lead a good life free from material want and debilitating social conditions. It is a community with an egalitarian social structure in which jealousy, hate, envy, bigotry, and oppression have been all but eliminated. It is a community in which the arts and sciences flourish and in which creativity and accomplishment are maximized. In short, it is a Utopia. But it is a special type of Utopia that has been brought about by the judicious use of the natural sciences in general and the science of behavior in particular; it is a behavioral Utopia.
Analyzing Power for Elastic Scattering of Protons from 13C

Recent measurements of the Wolfenstein D parameter for 9Be 9Bel) have shown large deviations from unity at backward angles, corresponding to a considerable spin-flip probability. Such deviations cannot be accounted for by spin-spin forces with realistic strengths and are substantially larger than those predicted by the recently developed “quadrupole” spin-flip mechanism2). It is therefore possible that several different mechanisms, including possible compound-nuclear contributions, are involved in the large observed spin-flip probability.
A cognitive radio TV prototype for effective TV spectrum sharing

With the next-generation over-the-air (OTA) TV standard, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0, TV receiver feedback via broadband or dedicated radio channel will become a standard feature. Real-time TV receiver feedback potentially allows secondary users to access active TV channels without interfering with TV users, which would bring 6–10-fold data rate increase on top of the current TV white-space (TVWS) policy in many metropolitan areas, where a few TVWS channels are available. This demonstration is a proof of concept prototype implementation of a cognitive radio TV (CR-TV) set that allows for dynamic usage of underutilized TV spectrum bands. The demonstration will show the main system capabilities of watching broadcast television, determining unused TV bands in a neighborhood through a spectrum database, and transmitting a custom ATSC signal on the optimal unused channel. Additionally, the system ensures the precedence of licensed users by quickly evacuating channels that are taken by a primary user and finding the next most optimal channel, causing minimal interference. The primary user assisted secondary spectrum access could substantially alleviate the spectrum shortage in areas with the highest wireless traffic volume. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the demonstration provides the first USRP implementation of an ATSC transmitter, which can benefit the community.
Energetics of Hydrogen Segregation to α-Fe Grain Boundaries for Modeling Stress Corrosion Cracking

The physics of embrittlement is dictated by the various interactions between the impurities/defects and the local structure in polycrystalline material systems. In this study, a physically motivated model that describes the degree of interaction of hydrogen (H) defects on the segregation behavior to α-Fe grain boundaries (GBs) is developed. Molecular statics simulations were performed to quantify the segregation behavior of 1–2 H atoms at various interstitial sites around the , , , and symmetric tilt GBs. The results provide insights into the concentration profile of hydrogen defects along different GBs. Furthermore, the model accurately links the intrinsic GB character by quantifying the segregation length scale for the individual GBs based on the segregation behavior of defects. Finally, the metrics provided in this work are essential to comprehensively understanding the effect of hydrogen on the macroscopic behavior of α-Fe.
Minimax Finite Element Method

The minimax method is applied to boundary value problems of structural mechanics. This is a weighted residual method in which the absolute value of a residual is minimized. It is similar to collocation-based finite elements. Computational implementation is achieved using linear programming. Since inequality constraints are acceptable to linear programming, the minimax method can bm used to solve problems formulated using inequality relationships. For example, the minimax finite element method can perform limit analyses or can be applied to such contact problems as offset supports. The proposed approach is formulated in some detail. It is then applied to some elasticity stress analysis problems and to the limit analysis of a beam. The method appears to be relatively easy to set up and gives satisfactory results.
Response To Review Of Environmental Values in American Culture

RESPONSE TO REVIEW OF Environmental Values in American Culture . Reviewed by Willett Kempton, Senior Policy Scientist, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware.
Examining transdiagnostic vulnerabilities among HIV positive smokers seen at three inner city community based organizations.

ABSTRACTInvestigators have proposed a “transdiagnostic vulnerability framework” that examines the relationship between smoking and broader emotional factors, including anhedonia, anxiety sensitivity, and distress tolerance. Because smoking and depression are more common in persons living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) than in the general population, understanding the relationship between smoking and mental health is critical. The following study aims to characterize levels of clinically significant depressive symptoms and these broader emotional factors as well as the relationship between these factors and smoking-related variables in a sample of PLWHA. This cross-sectional study employed convenience sampling to survey adult clients who attended one of three AIDS service organizations in New York City. The questionnaires assessed sociodemographic and HIV health care variables, tobacco use, and anxiety – and depression-related constructs. 150 PLWHA completed surveys. Among the 118 smokers, the prevalence of cli...
Efficacy of an Individually Tailored, Internet-Mediated Physical Activity Intervention in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial:

Objective: This study determined the effectiveness of an individually tailored, Internet-mediated physical activity (PA) intervention for increasing walking behavior in inactive older adults. Method: This 12-week randomly controlled intervention divided participants (N = 170) into three groups: control (CON, n = 51), pedometer only (PED, n = 62), and an individually tailored, Internet-mediated pedometer (TI-PED, n = 57) group. The PED group was instructed to increase weekly step count by 10% until 10,000 steps per day was achieved. The TI-PED group was given the same goal and received tailored feedback via an online platform. Changes in average step count pre-to-post were assessed. Results: Total retention rate at postintervention was 75.3%. PED (p < .001) and TI-PED (p < .001) increased step count pre-to-post, which was higher than the CON group at 12 weeks (PED, p < .001; TI-PED, p < .001). The TI-PED group had a higher step count at 12 weeks than the PED group (p < .001). Discussion: Individually tailo...
The Traffic Jam: Polyamine Prevalence Pauses Protein Production

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Ivanov et al. (2018) demonstrate how cells sense metabolite levels and regulate production of their biosynthetic enzymes through the formation of "ribosome queues."
Arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of refractory postoperative or post-fracture shoulder stiffness.

Background:Arthroscopic capsular release is used to treat idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) that is refractory to nonoperative treatment or manipulation under anesthesia. The role of arthroscopic capsular release in the treatment of frozen shoulder after shoulder surgery or fracture i
Rankr: A Mobile System for Crowdsourcing Opinions

Evaluating large sets of items, such as business ideas, is a difficult task. While no one person has time to evaluate all the items, many people can contribute by each evaluating a few. Moreover, given the mobility of people, it is useful to allow them to evaluate items from their mobile devices. We present the design and implementation of a mobile service, Rankr, which provides a lightweight and efficient way to crowdsource the relative ranking of ideas, photos, or priorities through a series of pairwise comparisons. We discover that users prefer viewing two items simultaneously versus viewing one image at a time with better fidelity. Additionally, we developed an algorithm that determines the next most useful pair of candidates a user can evaluate to maximize the information gained while minimizing the number of votes required. Voters do not need to compare and manually rank all of the candidates.
Wax Patterning: Cavendish and the Physics of Wax

This chapter explores both Cavendish’s Philosophical Letters and The Blazing World to show how rethinking the physics of wax impression changes how we understand not only how objects relate to each other, but also what it means to be a self and to engage in various kinds of relationships with other selves. By positing that everything is material and all matter is infused with agency and motion, Cavendish questions hierarchical relations and invests agency in seemingly passive positions. While this philosophy figures only briefly in The Blazing World, this chapter argues that the Cavendish’s exploration of selfhood, friendship, and intimate relations in that text, owe much to her philosophy of patterning.
Power Allocation Games for Overlaid Radar and Communications

Electromagnetic spectrum is a scarce resource that is becoming increasingly contested and congested with the allocation of available spectrum to newer communications technologies. Several radio-frequency operators especially radars are now required to share their spectrum with communications. In this work, we investigate the spectrum sharing between a radar and a communications system from a game-theoretic perspective. Since both systems compete for the same resource, their interaction can be modeled as a two-person zero-sum game. Specifically, we analyze transmit power allocation in a symmetric game where a player is unaware of the strategies adopted by the competitor. Our power allocation optimization constraints include preset signal-to-interference-plus-clutter-plus-noise ratio and maximum interference tolerance.
Novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction of two auxins in water and fruit juice samples and determination by high performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A green, simple, sensitive, efficient and rapid method was developed based on application of a novel deep eutectic solvent in vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-DES-DLLME) of two auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) in water and fruit juice samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography determination. The novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was readily prepared by mixing isoamyl alcohol as hydrogen bonding donor and trioctylmethylammonium chloride as hydrogen bonding acceptor at room temperature for 3 min. Affecting parameters on VA-DES-DLLME were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity (1.0–500 μg L−1, r2 ≥ 0.99) was obtained for the auxins. Limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 and 0.3 μg L−1 for IAA and NAA, respectively. Moreover, repeatability (intra-day, n = 6) and reproducibility (inter-day, n = 3) of the method expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) at 10 and 100 μg L−1 concentration levels were
A Qualitative Investigation of Swimming Experiences of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Families

Objective:To understand the swimming experience from the perspective of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families.Methods:We interviewed 12 diverse families using a semi-struc...
Application of Multiple Model Adaptive Algorithms to Reconfigurable Flight Control

ABSTRACT A multiple model adaptive controller (MMAC) that provides for reconfiguration in response to sensor and/or actuator failures is developed for the Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) F-15 aircraft. Each elemental controller within the multiple model controller is based on a Command Generator Tracker/Proportional plus Integral/Kalman Filter (CGT/PI/KF) design employing reduced order models, and each assumes a particular system status: no failures or a single failed surface or sensor (or any second such failure, once a first failure is declared). The entire multiple model adaptive controller is evaluated against a higher order “truth model” with a selected failure, and then repeating the process for all failure modes of interest. This controller is shown to provide effective reconfigurability when subjected to single and double failures of sensors and/or actuators. Its performance is enhanced by an alternate computation of the MMAC hypothesis probabilities, use of MAP versus Bayesian form of the MMAC (or a modified combination of both), and reduction of identification ambiguities through scalar residual monitoring for the case of sensor failures.
Representativity and Networked Interference in Data-Rich Field Experiments: A Large-Scale RCT in Rural Mexico

Modern availability of rich geospatial datasets and analysis tools can provide insight germane to the design of field experiments. Design of field experiments, and in particular the choice of sampl...
Culture for Sale? An Exploratory Study of the Crow Fair

This paper describes an ethnographically-oriented participantobservation study conducted during the annual Crow Fair, held in south central Montana. Data collected included audio-recorded interviews with participants, participant observations, photographic and video recordings. Narrative interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparison method. Multiple data sources improved the veracity of this study through triangulation, and four themes emerged from the data: commercialization, alcohol abuse, spirituality, and community. The researchers discuss these themes and their conclusions regarding the “selling” of Native American culture as a form of cultural transmission. Theme analysis revealed the researchers recognized that the principal researcher had changed his view of the Crow Fair as being frivolous to
Chinese Landscape Painting and the Study of Being: An Imagined Encounter between Martin Heidegger and Xia Gui.

In this paper, we pose a speculative encounter between Heidegger and the Chinese Song Dynasty landscape painter Xia Gui. Our intention is to reassess Heidegger’s theory of the fourfold. By placing the concept in a cross-cultural context, we argue that Heidegger was essentially correct in that the world is structured as a fold between interrelated elements. At the same time, we challenge the quantity and quality of the folded elements. If one turns to the work of Xia Gui in conjunction with relevant Daoist texts, what one finds is a threefold structure to the world, composed of earth, sky, and mortals without Heidegger’s emphasis on divinities. In conclusion, we suggest that studying the folding structure of the world ought to be done through cultural comparisons of philosophical and aesthetic traditions in order to understand the potentiality for worldhood as an xfold.