cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late-Transition-Metal Complexes with Bisazaferrocene Ligands for Ethylene Oligomerization

Herein we report the synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization properties of novel C2-symmetric and unsymmetric bisazaferrocene complexes with late-transition-metal Ni(II) and Pd(II). In the designed complexes, the two sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms in the azaferrocene rings coordinate to the transition metals with the azaferrocene architecture presenting pentamethyl or pentaphenyl cyclopentadiene (Cp* or Cp°) rings above and below the coordination plane for the purpose of preventing the associative chain transfer processes of ethylene from the axial faces. The Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were prepared and characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the bisazaferrocene complexes with NiBr2 (2a) and PdCl2 (2b) showed very low activities toward ethylene polymerization. Well-defined preactivated bisazaferrocene-Pd(II) complexes (5 and...
Influences of upland and riparian land use patterns on stream biotic integrity

We explored land use, fish assemblage structure, and stream habitat associations in 20 catchments in Opequon Creek watershed, West Virginia. The purpose was to determine the relative importance of urban and agriculture land use on stream biotic integrity, and to evaluate the spatial scale (i.e., whole-catchment vs riparian buffer) at which land use effects were most pronounced. We found that index of biological integrity (IBI) scores were strongly associated with extent of urban land use in individual catchments. Sites that received ratings of poor or very poor based on IBI scores had > 7% of urban land use in their respective catchments. Habitat correlations suggested that urban land use disrupted flow regime, reduced water quality, and altered stream channels. In contrast, we found no meaningful relationship between agricultural land use and IBI at either whole-catchment or riparian scales despite strong correlations between percent agriculture and several important stream habitat measures, including nitrate concentrations, proportion of fine sediments in riffles, and the abundance of fish cover. We also found that variation in gradient (channel slope) influenced responses of fish assemblages to land use. Urban land use was more disruptive to biological integrity in catchments with steeper channel slopes. Based on comparisons of our results in the topographically diverse Opequon Creek watershed with results from watersheds in flatter terrains, we hypothesize that the potential for riparian forests to mitigate effects of deleterious land uses in upland portions of the watershed is inversely related to gradient.
Static grounding lines and dynamic ice streams: Evidence from the Siple Coast, West Antarctica

[1] Grounding line dynamics are key to our understanding of marine ice sheets such as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We present an accurate and rapid method for locating grounding lines using GLAS ICESat laser altimetry data. We then apply this technique to the Siple Coast region of the WAIS. Our technique exploits the high surface slope at the grounding line relative to the adjacent flat ice streams and ice shelf. The technique is validated by ground-based observations. Comparisons between the current grounding line and earlier measured locations demonstrate that the Siple Coast's grounding line has been largely static over the last two decades. This is important as the ice streams have been undergoing considerable variations over this period. We conclude that ice stream flow speeds can vary while the grounding line remains stable. We suggest that grounding lines may migrate abruptly and then stabilize rather than undergoing continuous retreat.
Differentiating volcanic rock assemblages using Landsat thematic mapper data — Influence of petrochemistry and desert varnish

An investigation has been conducted of the composition, distribution, spectral properties, and Landsat TM influences of desert varnish from three sites in southern Nevada. It is established that the TM signatures of diverse volcanic rock assemblages primarily depend on primary petrochemical characteristics. Desert varnish is found to exert a minimal influence on TM imagery at longer wavelengths, but absorbs the higher frequency radiation of TM bands 1-3, thereby leading to high TM band 5/2 values and dark contrast on 5/2 images over units with high rock-varnish albedo difference; highly evolved volcanic deposits show steep positive spectral slopes in the TM band 5-7 region.
Phase I Trial of Taxol as a Radiation Sensitizer with Cisplatin in Advanced Cervical Cancer

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to determine tolerable doses and potential toxicities of taxol, administered weekly, with concomitant cisplatin and radiation therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Methods. Patients with cervical cancer, either with evidence of distant metastatic disease at presentation or otherwise at high risk for recurrent disease, were eligible for this phase I study. Taxol was administered weekly as a 3-hr intravenous infusion in addition to the prescribed radiation therapy. The starting dose was 10 mg/m 2 /week and escalated at 10 mg/m 2 /week increments if tolerated by successive cohorts of three new patients. Cisplatin was given every 3 weeks at 50 mg/m 2 . Chemotherapy was continued until radiation was completed. For each patient quality of life was assessed weekly during therapy. Results. Sixteen patients, undergoing a total of 102 cycles, have been enrolled. Dose escalation of taxol from 10 mg/m 2 /week to 50 mg/m 2 /week was well tolerated, with no significant change in quality of life during therapy. Two radiation fractions (0.5%) were delayed due to toxicity from this chemotherapy regimen. Of 102 cycles, 6 resulted in grade 2 and 1 in grade 3 neutropenia, and no patient developed >grade 2 anemia or thrombocytopenia. Three patients developed GI-related toxicities and 1 patient presented with urosepsis during treatment. There was a 93% response rate to this regimen, with 10 patients (63%) presently having no evidence of disease. Conclusions. This study has demonstrated that up to 50 mg/m 2 /week of taxol is well tolerated in patients undergoing radiation therapy for advanced cervical cancer. A phase II trial will assist in determining the efficacy of taxol as a radiation sensitizer in these patients.
STRONG INTERACTION EFFECTS IN THE 2p--1s TRANSITION IN PIONIC NEON.

Abstract We present experimental results for the 2p-1s transition energy and the natural line-width of the 1s state in pionic neon. The line width ifΓ=14.5 ± 3.0 keV is in substantial agreement with semiphenomenological low-energy pion-nucleus interaction theories in the region A ≈ 20.
Enriching Resources for Educators in Religion

AN IMPORTANT aspect of Christian education in the churches today is in the area of missions particularly for the purpose of creating appreciation and concern for peoples of varied cultures. The church has the power to do infinitely more towards the development of genuine brotherhood among peoples. This year it is significant that the foreign study in the church is Japan. There are some valuable resources on Japan which should be widely read and studied by many laymen. Japan Begins Again has been prepared for adults by a missionary with rich experience in Japan. It is valuable because of its clear perspective on Japan's history, its concern with present-day conditions and its review of the work of Christians in Japan. In a book prepared for military leaders, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, an anthropologist writes most vividly and comprehensively of Japanese society, its system of practical ethics, the people's beliefs about good and evil, their daily manners and customs as well as the implications of some of these social practices in relation to the recent World War. Ruth
Radiation therapy in early carcinoma of the glottic larynx T1NOMO

Abstract Purpose: The Purpose of this report is to present the local control rate and survival of patients treated by radiation therapy for T1N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx. Methods and Materials: A total of 41 patients squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis were treated at the Veterans Administration Medical Center Minneapolis, MN, between 1976 and 1990. Of the 41 patients, 40 are available for retrospective analysis with a minimum of a 2-year follow-up and a median follow-up of 5.8 years. Treatment was given to all the patients by a 4 MeV linear accelerator. The vast majority of the patients were treated with bilateral laryngeal opposed wedged 6 × 6 cm fields with a dose of 1.75 Gy per fraction to a total of 70 Gy in 40 fractions over 56 elapsed treatment days. Results: The data indicated local control and survival of 92.3% at 2 years and 91.8% at 3 years, post irradiation, with ultimate disease-free survival after surgical salvage of 97.4% and 97.2% at 2 years and 3 years, respectively. These local control and survival rates are comparable to those published in the literature when a higher fractional dose was given. No patients developed notable complications with out technique. Conclusions: A dose of 1.75 Gy to 1.8 Gy per fraction to a total of 70 Gy in 56 elapsed treatment days is well tolerated and yields ultimate disease free-survival of 97.2% at 3 years. This time-dose fractionation could be used safely for treating patients who demonstrate low tolerance to irradiation with a risk of laryngitis, laryngeal edema, or difficulty of swallowing, with a higher fractional dose.
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome?

: Recent advances in the development of three different types of antiviral drugs, the nucleotide and non-nucleotide analogues acting as reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and the nonpeptidic viral protease inhibitors (PI), and their introduction in the management of patients with AIDS, either alone or in combination, have dramatically improved the clinical course of the disease and prolonged life expectancy in patients with AIDS. The increase in life expectancy in association with the long-term use of the above antiviral agents, however, have generated novel morbidities and complications. Central among them is the quite common AIDS-related insulin resistance and lipodystrophy syndrome, which is characterized by a striking phenotype and marked metabolic disturbances. To look for the pathologic causes of this particular syndrome, we focused on one of the HIV-1 accessory proteins, Vpr, which has multiple functions, such as virion incorporation, nuclear translocation of the HIV-1 preintegration complex, nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, transcriptional activation, and induction of apoptosis. Vpr may also act like a hormone, which is secreted into the extracellular space and affects the function of distant organs. Vpr functions as a coactivator of the glucocorticoid receptor and potentiates the action of glucocorticoid hormones, thereby inducing tissue glucocorticoid hypersensitivity. Vpr also arrests host cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle by interacting with novel 14-3-3 proteins. Vpr facilitates the interaction of 14-3-3 and its partner protein Cdc25C, which is critical for the transition of G2/M checkpoint in the cell cycle, and suppresses its activity by segregating it into the cytoplasm. The same Vpr protein also suppresses the association of 14-3-3 with other partner molecules, the Foxo transcription factors. Since the Foxo proteins function as negative transcription factors for insulin, Vpr may cause resistance of tissues to insulin. Through these two newly identified functions of Vpr, namely, coactivation of glucocorticoid receptor activity and inhibition of insulin effects on Foxo proteins, Vpr may participate in the development of AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome.
What do we do with our 15 minutes

Primary care pediatricians give parents advice. Academic pediatricians give primary care pediatricians advice about what advice to give parents. Rarely, though, do we subject our advice to empirical trial. In “An Evaluation of Mother‐centered Anticipatory Guidance to Reduce Obesogenic Infant Feeding Behaviors” in this issue of Pediatrics , French et al1 do just that, and they deserve to be commended for the effort. Reasoning that maternal behaviors play an influential role in children’s eating, French’s team contrasted advice directed at how mothers themselves eat with 2 more traditional approaches: a widely disseminated program of feeding advice called Ounce of Prevention, and a set of messages based on Bright Futures . Each intervention was delivered at a different clinic. Children were enrolled on or before 2 months of age. By 12 months of age, there were small but statistically significant differences in parent-reported feeding behaviors favoring the mother-focused advice. The study is far from perfect. It relied on convenience samples, and, … Address correspondence to Robert Needlman, MD, Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Dr, Cleveland, OH 44109. E-mail: robert.needlman{at}case.edu
Detecting Protein Function and Protein-Protein Interactions from Genome Sequences

A computational method is proposed for inferring protein interactions from genome sequences on the basis of the observation that some pairs of interacting proteins have homologs in another organism fused into a single protein chain. Searching sequences from many genomes revealed 6809 such putative proteinprotein interactions in Escherichia coli and 45,502 in yeast. Many members of these pairs were confirmed as functionally related; computational filtering further enriches for interactions. Some proteins have links to several other proteins; these coupled links appear to represent functional interactions such as complexes or pathways. Experimentally confirmed interacting pairs are documented in a Database of Interacting Proteins.
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Space Sector Technology Transition: A Framework and Case Studies of Civilian and National Security Space

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) has over 50 years of experience in the development of instruments, spacecraft and end-to-end missions for both Civilian and National Security Space applications. Over the course of this history, JHU/APL has evolved an organizational framework and processes for rapid transition of space technology from world-class civil science-driven missions to applications in National Security Space. This paper will present the elements of this framework within a historical context and discuss case studies of successful technology transition across the boundaries of Civilian Space and National Security Space application.
Endophyte-mediated resistance to herbivores depends on herbivore identity in the wild grass festuca subverticillata

Understanding factors that affect the context dependency of species interactions has been identified as a critical research area in ecology. The presence of symbionts in host plants can be an important factor influencing the outcome of plant-insect interactions. Similarly, herbivore identity can alter the outcome of plant-symbiont interactions. Symbiotic foliar fungal endophytes confer resistance to herbivores in economically important agronomic grasses, in part through the production of alkaloids. Although endophytes are common in nature, relatively little is known about their effects on herbivores of native, wild grass species, and a recent meta-analysis suggested that endophytes are only beneficial in agronomic settings. In this study, we performed choice trials for five insect species and a greenhouse experiment with one species to assess effects of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium sp. on herbivores of the wild grass Festuca subverticillata. In feeding trials, endophyte presence altered the preference of all five insect species tested. However, the magnitude and direction of preference varied among species, with Pterophylla camellifolia (F.), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and Rhopalosiphum padi L. preferring endophyte-disinfected plants and Encoptolophus costalis (Scudder) and Romalea guttata (Houttuyn) preferring endophyte-symbiotic plants. Despite reducing insect preference, the endophyte had no significant effect on S. frugiperda performance in a no-choice greenhouse experiment and did not increase plant growth in response to this herbivore. Our results show that endophyte-mediated resistance to herbivory depends strongly on herbivore identity and suggest that the fitness consequences of endophyte symbiosis for host plants will be context dependent on the local composition of insect herbivores.
Effect of axial coordination on the electronic structure and biological activity of dirhodium(II,II) complexes.

The reactivities toward biomolecules of a series of three dirhodium(II,II) complexes that possess an increasing number of accessible axial coordination sites are compared. In cis-[Rh2(OAc)2(np)2]2+ (1; np = 1,8-naphthyridine) both axial sites are available for coordination, whereas for cis-[Rh2(OAc)2(np)(pynp)]2+ (2; pynp = 2-(2-pyridyl)1,8-naphthyridine) and cis-[Rh2(OAc)2(pynp)2]2+ (3) the bridging pynp ligand blocks one and two of the axial coordination sites in the complexes, respectively. The electronic absorption spectra of the complexes are consistent with strong metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions at low energy and ligand-centered peaks localized on the np and/or pynp ligands in the UV and near-UV regions. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were used to aid in the assignments. The three complexes exhibit metal-centered oxidations and reductions, localized on the aromatic ligands. The ability of the complexes to stabilize duplex DNA and to inhibit transcription in vitro i...
Scale-dependent seismic velocity in heterogeneous media

The measurable traveltime of seismic events propagating in heterogeneous media depend on the geologic scale, the seismic wavelength, and the propagation distance. In general, the velocity inferred from arrival times is slower when the wavelength is longer than the scale of heterogeneity and faster when the wavelength is shorter. For normal incidence propagation in stratified media, this is the difference between averaging elastic compliance sin the long wavelength limit. In two and three dimensions there is also the path effect. Shorter wavelengths tend to find faster paths, thus biasing the traveltimes to lower values. In the shorter wavelength limit, the slowness inferred from the average traveltime is smaller than the mean slowness of the medium. When the propagation distance is much larger than the scale of the heterogeneity, the path effect causes the velocity increase from long to short wavelengths to be much larger in two dimensions than in one dimension, and even larger in three dimensions. The amount of velocity dispersion can be understood theoretically, but there is some discrepancy between theory and experiment as to what ratio of wavelength to heterogeneity scale separates the long and short wavelength limits. The scale-dependent traveltime implies that a measured velocity dependsmore » not just on rock properties, but also on the scale of the measurement relative to he scale of the geology.« less
Accordion‐type laser‐Raman scattering by drawn linear polyethylene

One can reproduce the observed accordion-type laser-Raman (ALR) scattering of highly drawn linear polyethylene if one assums that any gauche defect in the crystal lattice which interrupts the all-trans conformation sequence of the molecular chain completely decouples the accordion-type longitudinal oscillations of the two sections on both sides of the defect. Each oscillates independently of the rest. The length of the section, smaller than the full length of the straight chain between the crystal surfaces, determines the frequency of the ALR absorption. One such defect per five chain stems of the ideal crystal yields a straight-length distribution which agrees sufficiently well with that derived from the ALR spectrum. Small-angle x-ray scattering very generally registers the resulting decrease of the electron density of the crystalline component without yielding more detailed information about the location and frequency of such gauche defects.
Thermal effects on the wake of a heated circular cylinder operating in mixed convection regime

The thermal effects on the wake flow behind a heated circular cylinder operating in the mixed convection regime were investigated experimentally in the present study. The experiments were conducted in a vertical water channel with the heated cylinder placed horizontally and the flow approaching the cylinder downwards. With such a flow arrangement, the direction of the thermally induced buoyancy force acting on the fluid surrounding the heated cylinder would be opposite to the approach flow. During the experiments, the temperature and Reynolds number of the approach flow were held constant. By adjusting the surface temperature of the heated cylinder, the corresponding Richardson number () was varied between 0.0 (unheated) and 1.04, resulting in a change in the heat transfer process from forced convection to mixed convection. A novel flow diagnostic technique, molecular tagging velocimetry and thermometry (MTV&T), was used for qualitative flow visualization of thermally induced flow structures and quantitative, simultaneous measurements of flow velocity and temperature distributions in the wake of the heated cylinder. With increasing temperature of the heated cylinder (i.e. Richardson number), significant modifications of the wake flow pattern and wake vortex shedding process were clearly revealed. When the Richardson number was relatively small (), the vortex shedding process in the wake of the heated cylinder was found to be quite similar to that of an unheated cylinder. As the Richardson number increased to , the wake vortex shedding process was found to be ‘delayed’, with the wake vortex structures beginning to shed much further downstream. As the Richardson number approached unity (), instead of having ‘Karman’ vortices shedding alternately at the two sides of the heated cylinder, concurrent shedding of smaller vortex structures was observed in the near wake of the heated cylinder. The smaller vortex structures were found to behave more like ‘Kelvin–Helmholtz’ vortices than ‘Karman’ vortices, and adjacent small vortices would merge to form larger vortex structures further downstream. It was also found that the shedding frequency of the wake vortex structures decreased with increasing Richardson number. The wake closure length and the drag coefficient of the heated cylinder were found initially to decrease slightly when the Richardson number was relatively small (), and then to increase monotonically with increasing Richardson number as the Richardson number became relatively large (). The average Nusselt number () of the heated cylinder was found to decrease almost linearly with increasing Richardson number.
Real-time guaranteed video transport for video-on-demand systems

Addresses two important issues: resource reservation and flow control, for video transmissions in a loss-free and timely delivery way for VOD (video-on-demand) systems. For the first issue, we propose a semi-static resource reservation scheme, which attempts to utilize resources efficiently and maximize the number of clients being serviced concurrently. For the second issue, we propose a server-initiated flow control scheme, in which the traffic flow is controlled by the server alone, using historical video information; thus, no feedback messages from its downstream switches are needed. Our approach is evaluated under a wide range of parameters through extensive simulations driven by trace data from various MPEG video streams.
Evaluation of an HIV/STD Sexual Risk-Reduction Intervention for Pregnant African American Adolescents Attending a Prenatal Clinic in an Urban Public Hospital: Preliminary Evidence of Efficacy

Study Objective To evaluate an intervention to reduce HIV/STD-associated behaviors and enhance psychosocial mediators for pregnant African-American adolescents.
The Pace of Hybrid Incompatibility Evolution in House Mice

Hybrids between species are often sterile or inviable. This form of reproductive isolation is thought to evolve via the accumulation of mutations that interact to reduce fitness when combined in hybrids. Mathematical formulations of this “Dobzhansky–Muller model” predict an accelerating buildup of hybrid incompatibilities with divergence time (the “snowball effect”). Although the Dobzhansky–Muller model is widely accepted, the snowball effect has only been tested in two species groups. We evaluated evidence for the snowball effect in the evolution of hybrid male sterility among subspecies of house mice, a recently diverged group that shows partial reproductive isolation. We compared the history of subspecies divergence with patterns of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected in F2 intercrosses between two pairs of subspecies (Mus musculus domesticus with M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus with M. m. castaneus). We used a recently developed phylogenetic comparative method to statistically measure the fit of these data to the snowball prediction. To apply this method, QTL were partitioned as either shared or unshared in the two crosses. A heuristic partitioning based on the overlap of QTL confidence intervals produced unambiguous support for the snowball effect. An alternative approach combining data among crosses favored the snowball effect for the autosomes, but a linear accumulation of incompatibilities for the X chromosome. Reasoning that the X chromosome analyses are complicated by low mapping resolution, we conclude that hybrid male sterility loci have snowballed in house mice. Our study illustrates the power of comparative genetic mapping for understanding mechanisms of speciation.
Equations for the angles of arrival and departure for multivariable root loci using frequency-domain methods

Frequency-domain methods are used to study the angles of arrival and departure for multivariable root loci. Explicit equations are obtained. For a special class of poles and zeros, some simpler equations that are generalizations of the single-input-single-output equations are presented.
How the Semantic Web is Being Used: An Analysis of FOAF Documents

Semantic Web researchers have initially focused on the representation, development and use of ontologies but paid less attention to the social and structural relationships involved. The past year has seen a dramatic increase in the amount of published RDF documents using the Friend of a Friend (FOAF) vocabulary, providing a valuable resource for investigating how early Semantic Web adopters use this technology as well as build social networks. We describe an approach to identify, discover, and analyze FOAF documents. Over 1.5 million of FOAF documents are collected to show the variety and scalability of the web of FOAF documents. We analyzed the empirical usage of namespace and properties in the FOAF community, which helps the FOAF project in standardizing vocabularies. We also analyzed the social networks induced by those FOAF documents and revealed interesting patterns which can become powerful resource for outsourcing and justification of scientific knowledge.
Transient gravity wave response to an oscillating pressure

The gravity-wave response of a semi-infinite liquid to the oscillating pressure Pδ(x) exp (iwt) is given in an asymptotic form that is uniformly valid through the transition zone that separates the dispersion-controlled precursor and the monochromatic steady state. The same problem has been considered previously by Stoker (1957), but his initial conditions were spurious, and he did not seek a uniformly valid asymptotic representation.
Evaluation of the FHIT Gene in Colorectal Cancers

A variety of studies suggests that tumor suppressor loci on chromosome 3p are important in various forms of human neoplasia. Recently, a chromosome 3p14.2 gene called FHIT was discovered and proposed as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in colorectal and other cancers. We evaluated the FHIT gene in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and xenografts, which allowed a comprehensive mutational analysis. A transcript containing the complete coding sequence was found to be expressed at robust levels in 29 of 31 cancers tested. The complete sequence of the coding region of the gene was determined and found to be normal in all 29 of these cases. These studies suggest either that FHIT is inactivated by an unusual mechanism or that it plays a role in relatively few colorectal tumors.
PKA and GAB2 play central roles in the FSH signaling pathway to PI3K and AKT in ovarian granulosa cells

Controlled maturation of ovarian follicles is necessary for fertility. Follicles are restrained at an immature stage until stimulated by FSH secreted by pituitary gonadotropes. FSH acts on granulosa cells within the immature follicle to inhibit apoptosis, promote proliferation, stimulate production of steroid and protein hormones, and induce ligand receptors and signaling intermediates. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) pathway is a pivotal signaling corridor necessary for transducing the FSH signal. We report that protein kinase A (PKA) mediates the actions of FSH by signaling through multiple targets to activate PI3K/AKT. PKA uses a route that promotes phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) on Tyr989, a canonical binding site for the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K that allosterically activates the catalytic subunit. PI3K activation leads to activation of AKT through phosphorylation of AKT on Thr308 and Ser473. The adaptor growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) is present in a preformed complex with PI3K heterodimer and IRS-1, it is an A-kinase anchoring protein that binds the type I regulatory subunit of PKA, and it is phosphorylated by PKA on Ser159. Overexpression of GAB2 enhances FSH-stimulated AKT phosphorylation. GAB2, thus, seems to coordinate signals from the FSH-stimulated rise in cAMP that leads to activation of PI3K/AKT. The ability of PKA to commandeer IRS-1 and GAB2, adaptors that normally integrate receptor/nonreceptor tyrosine kinase signaling into PI3K/AKT, reveals a previously unrecognized route for PKA to activate a pathway that promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, enhances translation, and initiates differentiation of granulosa cells.
Optimal Non-deterministic Functional Logic Computations

We show that non-determinism simplifies coding certain problems into programs. We define a non-confluent, but well-behaved class of rewrite systems for supporting non-deterministic computations in functional logic programming. We show the benefits of using this class on a few examples. We define a narrowing strategy for this class of systems and prove that our strategy is sound, complete, and optimal, modulo non-deterministic choices, for appropriate definitions of these concepts. We compare our strategy with related work and show that our overall approach is fully compatible with the current proposal of a universal, broad based functional logic language.
Women on Boards and Firm Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Despite a large body of literature examining the relationship between women on boards and firm financial performance, the evidence is mixed. To reconcile the conflicting results, we statistically combine the results from 140 studies and examine whether these results vary by firms' legal/regulatory and socio-cultural contexts. We find that female board representation is positively related to accounting returns and that this relationship is more positive in countries with stronger shareholder protections--perhaps because shareholder protections motivate boards to use the different knowledge, experience, and values that each member brings. We also find that, although the relationship between female board representation and market performance is near zero the relationship is positive in countries with greater gender parity (and negative in countries with low gender parity)--perhaps because societal gender differences in human capital may influence investors' evaluations of the future earning potential of firms that have more female directors. Lastly, we find that female board representation is positively related to boards' two primary responsibilities: monitoring and strategy involvement. For both firm financial performance and board activities, we find mean effect sizes comparable to those found in meta-analyses of other aspects of board composition. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings
Results of software error-data experiments

In order to evaluate existing software reliability models and proposed modeling approaches, a search was conducted for data on the software failure process. This search revealed that the data necessary for this evaluation were not available. As a result, a research effort was initiated by NASA to generate data on which to base the development of credible methods for assessing the reliability of software targeted for flight-crucial applications. Two sets of software error-data experiments were conducted by different research groups. The results of the experiments were consistent: errors caused by different faults in a program occurred at widely varying rates; program failure rates exhibited a log-linear trend with respect to the number of faults corrected; some faults were found to interact in either concealing or revealing ways; and contiguous regions of the input space which cause a program to generate errors, called error crystals, were found and characterized for some faults. Collectively, these experiments have produced information on software failure which must be accounted for in software reliability modeling approaches.
The Effects of Surface Coatings on the Onset of Rail Gouging

In solid-armature railguns, hypervelocity gouging damage can significantly limit the useful life of rails. Most solutions to this problem have involved the use of hard rail materials, which tend to be poor electrical conductors. However, it has also been observed that precoating the conductors of a railgun can significantly delay the onset of gouging. This is usually accomplished by launching several aluminum-alloy armatures on a set of rails below the gouging threshold. When an aluminum-alloy armature is launched at high speeds on copper-alloy rails, a thin (tens of microns) layer of aluminum is deposited on the surface of the rail. Subsequent tests at higher speeds often result in the delay or absence of gouging at speeds where it is normally expected to occur. However, this effect is not particularly robust, since gouging can still occur with sufficient lateral loads. In the experiments reported here, tests were conducted on UNS C15725 (Glidcop Al-25) copper rails to examine the effect of a controlled precoating applied with an electroplating process. Aluminum thicknesses of 2, 5, 25, and 50 μm were tested, providing a well-characterized aluminum layer as opposed to the rough variable-thickness layer typically deposited with an aluminum armature. Results of the experiments and analysis are reported in this paper.
Evaluation of a fitness intervention for new firefighters: injury reduction and economic benefits

Background Firefighting is a hazardous profession and firefighters suffer workplace injury at a higher rate than most US workers. Decreased physical fitness is associated with injury in firefighters. A physical fitness intervention was implemented among Tucson Fire Department recruit firefighters with the goals of decreasing injury and compensation claims frequency and costs during the recruit academy, and over the subsequent probationary year. Methods Department injury records were analysed and described by body part, injury type and mechanism of injury. Injury and workers’ compensation claims outcomes from the recruit academy initiation through the 12-month probationary period for the intervention recruit class were compared with controls from three historical classes. Results The majority of injuries were sprains and strains (65.4%), the most common mechanism of injury was acute overexertion (67.9%) and the lower extremity was the most commonly affected body region (61.7%). The intervention class experienced significantly fewer injuries overall and during the probationary year (p=0.009), filed fewer claims (p=0.028) and experienced claims cost savings of approximately US$33 000 (2013) from avoided injury and reduced claims costs. The estimated costs for programme implementation were $32 192 leading to a 1-year return on investment of 2.4%. Conclusions We observed reductions in injury occurrence and compensation costs among Probationary Firefighter Fitness (PFF-Fit) programme participants compared with historical controls. The initiation of the PFF-Fit programme has demonstrated promise in reducing injury and claims costs; however, continued research is needed to better understand the programme's potential effectiveness with additional recruit classes and carryover effects into the recruit's career injury potential.
MPM-2 antibody-reactive phosphorylations can be created in detergent-extracted cells by kinetochore-bound and soluble kinases

The MPM-2 antibody labels mitosis-specific and cell cycle-regulated phosphoproteins. The major phosphoproteins of mitotic chromosomes recognized by the MPM-2 antibody are DNA topoisomerase II (topoII) alpha and beta. In immunofluorescence studies of PtK1 cytoskeletons, prepared by detergent lysis in the presence of potent phosphatase inhibitors, the MPM-2 antibody labels phosphoproteins found at kinetochores, chromosome arms, midbody and spindle poles of mitotic cells. In cells extracted without phosphatase inhibitors, labeling of the MPM-2 antibodies at kinetochores is greatly diminished. However, in cytoskeletons this epitope can be regenerated through the action of kinases stably bound at the kinetochore. Various kinase inhibitors were tested in order to characterize the endogenous kinase responsible for these phosphorylations. We found that the MPM-2 epitope will not rephosphorylate in the presence of the broad specificity kinase inhibitors K-252a, staurosporine and 2-aminopurine. Several other inhibitors had no effect on the rephosphorylation indicating that the endogenous MPM-2 kinase at kinetochores is not p34cdc2, casein kinase II, MAP kinase, protein kinase A or protein kinase C. The addition of N-ethylmaleimide inactivated the endogenous kinetochore kinase; this allowed testing of several purified kinases in the kinetochore rephosphorylation assay. Active p34cdc2-cyclin B, casein kinase II and MAP kinase could not generate the MPM-2 phosphoepitope. However, bacterially expressed NIMA from Aspergillus and ultracentrifuged mitotic HeLa cell extract were able to catalyze the rephosphorylation of the MPM-2 epitope at kinetochores. Furthermore, fractionation of mitotic HeLa cell extract showed that kinases that create the MPM-2 epitope at kinetochores and chromosome arms are distinct. Our results suggest that multiple kinases (either soluble or kinetochore-bound), including a homolog of mammalian NIMA, can create the MPM-2 phosphoepitope. The kinetochore-bound kinase that catalyzes the formation of the MPM-2 phosphoepitope may play an important role in key events such as mitotic kinetochore assembly and sister chromatid separation at anaphase.
Implementation of MR-guided multi-frequency NIR diffuse optical tomography for breast imaging

We describe the implementation of a multi-modality imaging platform, which integrates a multi-frequency, multi-wavelength optical tomography system with a 3.0 T MRI scanner to obtain the additional diagnostic information of suspicious breast lesions.
Beautiful Stranger: The Proliferation Implications of Footloose Nuclear Scientists

In this paper, I argue that the phenomenon of footloose nuclear scientific workers is much less dangerous than has generally been assumed, because the mere availability of foreign scientific talent does not give states a simple shortcut to bypass the difficulties of successfully managing nuclear weapons projects. In fact, identifying, successfully recruiting, and then inducing hard work out of top-flight foreign scientific workers requires even more managerial finesse than is needed when dealing with domestic ones. Therefore, while I acknowledge that highly institutionalized states with well-organized nuclear programs can benefit from the contributions of emigre nuclear scientific workers, I stress that low-institutionalized states with poorly organized nuclear programs — which is probably the modal case among developing countries — cannot benefit nearly as much from such foreign help, and indeed their progress may even be substantially retarded by it.
Coordination of a complete series of N2 reduction intermediates (N2H2, N2H4, and NH3) to an iron phosphine scaffold.

The series of dinitrogen reduction intermediates (N2H2, N2H4, and NH3) coordinated to the Fe(DMeOPrPE)2H+(DMeOPrPE = 1,2-[bis(dimethoxypropyl)phosphino]ethane) scaffold has been synthesized or generated. The synthesis of trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(NH3)H][BPh4] and generation of trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H4)H][BPh4] were achieved by substitu tion of the dinitrogen ligand on trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2)H][BPh4]. The trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H2)H]+ complex and its deprotonated conjugate base, trans-Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H)H, were observed by 31P and 1H NMR from decomposition of trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H4)H]+ in the presence of excess hydrazine. Attempts to chemically oxidize trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H4)H]+ to trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H2)H][BPh4] with a variety of oxidizing agents yielded only decomposition products consistent with the intermediate formation of trans-[Fe(DMeOPrPE)2(N2H2)H]+ prior to decomposition.
Substrate Structural Effects in Yttrium(III)-Catalyzed Hydroamination/Cyclizations of 1,2-Disubstituted and 1,1,2-Trisubstituted Aminoalkenes ­Terminated by 2-(Phenyl) and 2-(2-Heteroarenyl) Groups

A series of 2-phenyl- and 2-(2-heteroarenyl)-bearing amines possessing 1,2-disubstituted and 1,1,2-trisubststuted ­alkenes have been evaluated in intramolecular hydroaminations catalyzed by Y[N(TMS)2]3 (1Y ). Aminoalkenes possessing a terminal 2-(5-trimethylsilyl)thienyl group exhibited substantially enhanced reactivity compared to their 2-(phenyl)-containing counterparts. Cyclization efficiencies imparted by the 2-[(5-trimethylsilyl)furanyl] substituent were comparable or only slightly better than those obtained with the simple the 2-(phenyl) group.
Far-Right Fantasy: A Sociology of American Religion and Politics

Prologue: The Battle of "Bunker Ville" Introduction Interlude 1: Sovereign Citizens 1. The American Far-Right in Perspective Interlude 2: The Secessionist State of Jefferson 2. Explaining the Far-Right Interlude 3: Dreams of a Right-Wing Homeland 3. "White Man": Its Extinction and Redemption Interlude 4: "Cut It or Shut It" 4. The Communicative Preconditions of Far-Right Fantasy Interlude 5: The Rhetoric of "No Spin" News 5. Far-Right Fantasy.1 The "Satanification" of America Interlude 6: Nullification 6. Far-Right Fantasy.2 The Christian Reconstruction of America Interlude 7: "Justus" Served 7. Far-Right Fantasy.3 A Critique Interlude 8: Biblically Inspired Investing 8. Far-Right Fantasy.4 False Consciousness Epilogue: A Latter Day Fortress 9. Appendix American Right-Wing Implicated Fatalities from 1980 through 2014
Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in gnotobiotic mice.

SummaryThe LCM virus penetrated the “germfree barrier,” thus reaffirming the congenital dissemination of the virus. The lesions associated with LCM infection in the gnotobiotic mice were clearly related to a hyperreactive immunologic mechanism, which induced degenerative kidney changes, depletion of cortical thymocytes, lymphoid cell infiltrations of many organs, and hypergam-maglobulinemia.
On Inconsistencies Found in Long-Term Parallax Series

Two recent papers (Hershey; Gatewood and Eichhorn; Astron. J., 1973) pointed out that: (1) A proper motion irregularity interpreted as orbital motion was found duplicated in another field. (2) The discontinuity found at one telescope failed to be confirmed by others, and might be ascribed to mere instrumental errors.
Observation on safety and efficacy of oral rotavirus vaccine

63 children from 6 months to 3 years old in Huizhou, Guangdong province were administrated oral rotavirus vaccine produced by Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 4～5 weeks after vaccination. 37 sera in pair (serum before and after vaccination) were qualified after samples by screening. The antibodies of 37 sera in pair against rotavirus strain G1、G2、G3、G4 and LLR were determined by neutralization test. The positive seroconversion rates of antibodies against the various strains of rotavirus were 47.06%-72.72%. In comparison in between after and before vaccination, the rates of sera in pair for antibody increasing ≥4 times were 43.40%-66.04%. To each virus strain, after vaccination the average antibody increasing times of GMT was 2.67-3.01 folds than those of before vaccination. The rate of fever occurrence after vaccination was 6.35 % among 63 children. The results indicates that the vaccine does have of good safety and immunogenicity.
Evaluation of Automatically Generated Hint Feedback.

This work explores the effects of using automatically generated hints in problem solving tutor environments. Generating hints automatically removes a large amount of development time for new tutors, and it also useful for already existing computer-aided instruction systems that lack intelligent feedback. We focus on a series of problems, after which, previous analysis showed the control group is to be 3.5 times more likely to cease logging onto an online tutor when compared to the group who were given hints. We found a consistent trend in which students without hints spent more time on problems when compared to students that were provided hints.
Probable association of plaque size with neuraminidase subtype among H3N2 influenza A viruses

The present study demonstrates that the plaque size of certain influenza A H3N2 virus recombinants is dependent on their containing a specific neuraminidase glycoprotein, but is independent of the genes coding for the HA, P3, and NP proteins.
Thermolysis and photolysis of 2‐ethyl‐4‐nitro‐1(2H)‐isoquinolinium hydroperoxide

The thermal and light-induced O − O bond breaking of 2-ethyl-4-nitro-1(2H)-isoquinolinium hydroperoxide (IQOOH) were studied using 1H NMR, steady-state UV/vis spectroscopy, femtosecond UV/vis transient absorption (fs TA) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD DFT) calculations. Thermal O − O bond breaking occurs at room temperature to generate water and the corresponding amide. The rate of this reaction, k = 5.4 · 10−6 s−1, is higher than the analogous rates of simple alkyl and aryl hydroperoxides; however, the rate significantly decreases in the presence of small amounts of methanol. The calculated structure of the transition state suggests that the thermolysis is facilitated by a 1,2 proton shift. The photochemical process yields the same products, as confirmed using NMR and UV/vis spectroscopy. However, the quantum yield for the photolysis is low (Φ = 0.7%). Fs TA studies provide additional detail of the photochemical process and suggest that the S1 state of IQOOH undergoes fast internal conversion to the ground state, and this process competes with the excited-state O − O bond breaking. This result was supported by the fact that the model compound IQOH exhibits similar excited-state decay lifetimes as IQOOH, which is assigned to the S1 S0 internal conversion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.