cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of three days of concentric isokinetic training on isometric and concentric torque production of the forearm flexors in males

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of three sessions of concentric isokinetic training of the forearm flexors on peak torque (PT) at maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), 60, 180, and 300 ◦ · s −1 in males. METHODS: Ten adult males (mean age ± SD = 21.8 ± 1.2 years; body mass = 87.8 ± 18.4 kg; height = 182 ± 9.5 cm) completed two pretests (pretest 1 and pretest 2) and a posttest that included maximal unilateral isometric and concentric isokinetic forearm flexion (non-dominant arm) muscle actions at MVIC, 60, 180, and 300 ◦ · s −1 . During the three days of training, the subjects performed five sets of ten maximal isokinetic concentric forearm flexion (non-dominant arm) repetitions at 60 ◦ · s −1 . RESULTS: A three (pretest 1, pretest 2, and posttest) x four (MVIC, 60, 180, 300 ◦ · s −1 ) repeated measures ANOVA indicated that there was no significant ( p> 0.05) interaction, but significant main effects for time and velocity. The follow-up t-tests for marginal means indicated that the posttest (63.0 ± 13.1 Nm) was significantly greater than pretest 1 (55.8 ± 15.1 Nm) and pretest 2 (55.2 ± 12.4 Nm). CONCLUSION: Thus, the very short-term resistance training (VST) resulted in the same pattern of increase in PT at each velocity. In addition, PT decreased significantly with velocity. The current findings indicated that three days of concentric isokinetic trainingfor theforearm flexors weresufficient toelicit increases inPTacross a velocityspectrum (MVIC to300 ◦ ·s −1 ).
Simplified production of a recombinant human angiostatin derivative that suppresses intracerebral glial tumor growth.

Angiostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of tumor neovascularization that inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells. Production of sufficient quantities of biologically active angiostatin by the enzymatic cleavage of plasminogen has proven difficult in that it has delayed clinical testing. We have cloned, expressed, and purified a recombinant human angiostatin derivative (K1-3) using a mammalian expression system. Through the addition of a secretory signal and polyhistidine sequence tag, K1-3 can be purified from postculture medium by simple column chromatography. Purified K1-3 protein is apparently folded in an active conformation, as evidenced by its ability to bind to lysine-Sepharose. In vitro , recombinant K1-3 significantly suppressed endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with an IC 50 of 50 nm. Using an animal model of intracranial brain tumors in immune-competent rats, systemic administration of purified recombinant K1-3 resulted in up to 85% suppression of tumor growth ( P = 0.011). Growth suppression was accompanied by a 32% decrease ( P = 0.01) in tumor neovascularization. This study demonstrates a simple method to produce a biologically active recombinant angiostatin derivative. The ability to suppress intracerebral tumor growth after systemic administration suggests that K1-3 is likely to have therapeutic value in the treatment of malignant glial tumors.
Chiral nature of covalent methylphosphonyl conjugates of acetylcholinesterase

This paper examines the chiral nature of the covalent conjugates formed upon reaction of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) with enantiomeric cycloheptyl, isopropyl, and 3,3-dimethylbutyl methylphosphonyl thiocholines. With the exception of the conjugate formed from reaction of AchE with RP-cycloheptyl methylphosphonyl thiocholine, all enantiomeric conjugates underwent oxime reactivation at rates that were within 2-3-fold of each other. Oxime reactivation was, therefore, independent of both initial configuration about phosphorus and the alkyl phosphonyl ester (-OR) moiety. Aging of the enantiomeric cyclopheptyl and isopropyl methylphosphonyl conjugates occurred exclusively for the conjugate formed from the SP-enantiomer and therefore displayed an absolute dependence on the initial configuration of the methylphosphonyl group. Equilibrium titrations with decidium, a fluorescent bisquaternary competitive inhibitor of AchE, provided an index of aging and enantiomeric configuration of the conjugates independent of enzyme activity. Decidium association with the enantiomeric conjugates (prior to aging) showed no marked dependence on the initial configuration about phosphorus but was measurably dependent on nature of the -OR moiety. These results are interpreted with respect to symmetry and nonrigidity of the organophosphonyl conjugates and are consistent with formation of final methylphosphonyl conjugates that are enantiomerically pure and of opposite configuration. These studies indicate that the active center of AchE comprises at least two kinetically distinct environments separate from the esteratic region but located within 5 A of the nucleophilic serine and differing in dipolar characteristics that promote charge separation and general acid catalysis.
Differential effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on rice, wheat, and barley roots: a fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy study.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) have extensive industrial applications, and concerns regarding their threat to the environment have been raised. This study includes structural analysis of intact root xylem of rice (Oryza sativaL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), and barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) seedlings exposed to nCeO2 suspensions (0, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg L−1). Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was applied to determine compositional alterations in the root xylem, and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to examine spectral differences between nCeO2 treatments. Results demonstrated that nCeO2 at ≥ 125 mg L−1 changed the region of spectra around 1696-1760 cm−1 in rice root, 125 and 250 mg L−1 modified 1744-1792 cm−1 in wheat, and 62.5 and 125 mg L−1 altered 1727-1760 cm−1 in barley. PCA afforded the clustering of nCeO2 treatments at 0 and 62.5 mg L−1 in rice and wheat and 0 and 500 mg L−1 in barley. Furthermore, major peaks at 1744 or 1760 cm−1 appeared in primary PC and 1728 cm−1 in secondary PC score loadings. These findings illustrated that nCeO2 induced compositional modifications in the root xylem of cereals.
Assessment of future remnant liver regeneration after portal vein embolization using three‐dimensional CT and MR volumetric analyses

Summary The purpose of this study is to portray right portal vein embolization (PVE) as a valuable technique that helps in expanding the volume of the left liver lobe and discuss the relevant published work. We describe our experience with four patients who underwent PVE and analyse the value of CT and MRI in the preoperative evaluation of these patients. Four patients with hepatic malignancy (hepatocellular carcinoma) (n = 2) and metastatic liver disease (n = 2) underwent portal vein occlusion. PVE was carried out in three patients using polyvinyl alcohol and stainless steel coils. Portal vein ligation was carried out in the fourth patient. In patients who were candidates for right hepatectomy, CT volumetric analysis was carried out before the surgery to assess the total liver volume and the future remnant liver, which is the residual left hepatic volume (in cases of right hepatectomy) or left lateral segment volume (in cases of right tri-segmentectomy). Because the left lobe volumes were insufficient, patients were selected to undergo right PVE. Computed tomography volumetry was carried out 2–4 weeks after embolization to assess left hepatic lobe regeneration. Magnetic resonance volumetric analysis was carried out in two patients before and after embolization. All four patients had significant regeneration of the left lobe and tolerated the surgery with uneventful postoperative recovery.
Where Did They Go Right? Understanding the Deception in Phishing Communications

Deceptive communication through phishing is becoming more pervasive with the spread of ubiquitous computing. Yet, phishing has not been widely understood or studied even when such practices cost organizations millions of dollars each year. This manuscript tests Grazioli’s Theory of Deception as an explanation for the process utilized to detect phishing attempts. In order to test the detection model, the paper phished 446 subjects for confidential information. The results consist of a structural model tested to determine experiential and dispositional characteristics of deception detectors. Subsequently, the authors interviewed the detectors and elicited a rich account of how the subjects processed and formed a correct behavioral decision upon receiving the phishing email. These interviews provided additional insight toward the specific processes of successful deception detectors used upon the receipt of a phishing email. The results from both the statistical testing and the interview data analysis confirmed and added to the Model of Deception Detection.
A design of experiments (DOE) approach to data uncertainty in LCA: application to nanotechnology evaluation

A limitation of any reported environmental performance is the considerable uncertainties present in the analysis. A methodology based on design of experiments techniques, coupled with life cycle assessment, was implemented to investigate the influence of inventory uncertainties on the predicted environmental impact. A case study on nanomanufacturing is presented. Results showed that mass data variability does not have a significant effect on the predicted environmental impacts. Material profiles for input materials did have a highly significant effect on the overall impact. Energy consumption and material characterization were identified as two areas where additional research is needed in order to obtain more accurate and precise predictions of the overall impact of nanomaterials. The methodology facilitates impact assessment of material selection for life cycle assessment, allows the establishment of a predictive model, and makes possible the identification of significant process variables as well as their interdependency.
Axisymmetric Marangoni convection in microencapsulation

Abstract Spherical shells used as laser targets in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments are made by microencapsulation. In one phase of manufacturing, the spherical shells contain a solvent (fluorobenzene (FB)) and a solute (polystyrene (PAMS)) in a water–FB environment. Evaporation of the FB results in the desired hardened plastic hollow spherical shells, 1–2 mm in diameter. Perfect sphericity is demanded for efficient fusion ignition and the observed surface roughness maybe driven by Marangoni instabilities due to surface tension dependence on the FB concentration (buoyant forces are negligible in this micro-scale problem). Here we model this drying process and compute nonlinear, time-dependent, axisymmetric, variable viscosity, infinite Schmidt number solutocapillary convection in the shells. Comparison with results from linear theory and available experiments are made.
Covariance Tracking Algorithm on Bilateral Filtering under Lie Group Structure

The existing object tracking method using covariance modeling is hard to reach the desired tracking performance when the deformation of moving target and illumination changes are drastic, we proposed a object tracking algorithm based on bilateral filtering. Firstly, the algorithm deals the image to be tracked with bilateral filtering, and extracts the needed features of filtered image to construct covariance matrix as tracking model. Secondly, under log-Euclidean Riemannian metric, we construct similarity measure for object covariance matrix and model updating strategy. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method has better adaptability for object deformation and illumination changes.
On equality of invariant subspace lattices of operators

Abstract Two linear operators A and B on a finite dimensional complex vector space have the same lattice of invariant subspaces if there exist an invertible operator S and a polynomial p such that B = S−1p(A)S, p′(λ) ≠ 0for every eigenvalue λ of A, and M is A-invariant if S M is A-invariant for every subspace M .
Plant size and form in the understory palm genus Geonoma: are species variations on a theme?

This study addressed the hypothesis that phylogenetic changes in plant size at reproductive maturity may have facilitated adaptive radiation of Geonoma species within rain forest understory habitats. Leaf size, leaf form, plant size, and growth form were compared within and among 23 species of Geonoma from lowland and montane rain forest areas of Costa Rica and Colombia. Leaf size was significantly correlated with crown height in 18 of the 21 species examined, and with stem diameter in 17 of the species. In species characterized by a gradual ontogenetic transition from bifid to dissected leaves, shoots with bifid leaves were significantly smaller than shoots with dissected leaves with respect to rachis length, number of plications, and stem diameter. Among species, stem diameter below the crown explained 74% of the variation in leaf size (rachis length). Crown height and stem diameter were positively correlated among clustered species, but not among solitary species or all species combined. Leaf dissection was correlated with crown height among the 17 species with dissected leaves; species with bifid leaves were significantly smaller than species with dissected leaves with respect to leaf size and stem diameter. Solitary species had larger leaves and larger stem diameters than clustered species at the same crown heights. Morphological patterns among species generally followed withinspecies trends. These patterns suggest that Geonoma species are variants on a generic theme: within and among species, leaf size and complexity of form increase with stem diameter and crown height. Solitary and clustered growth forms appear to be morphologically convergent; within each of these architectural groups, the generic theme still applies. Evolutionary changes in leaf size, leaf form, and plant size, however, have clearly involved other factors in addition
Is there a role for radiation therapy in the management of Hürthle cell carcinoma

Abstract Purpose To determine the role that radiation therapy may have in the management of resected, unresectable, and metastatic Hurthle cell carcinoma. Methods and materials Retrospective review of 18 patients receiving radiation therapy for Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. The diagnosis was established in 10 men and 8 women between November 1943 and January 1995. Median age was 57.9 years. Initially, 5 patients received adjuvant radiation therapy, 7 received salvage radiation therapy for unresectable recurrent disease, and 6 received palliative radiation therapy for distant metastases. Median follow-up was 107.1 months (range 15.7–351 months). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate and estimate overall survival, cause-specific survival, and locoregional tumor control rate. Results The 5-year overall and cause-specific survival rates were 66.7% (SE 11.1%) and 71.8% (SE 10.7%), respectively. Adjuvant radiation therapy was successful in preventing recurrence in 4 of 5 patients. Salvage radiation therapy was successful in 3 of 5 patients treated with external beam radiation therapy. Palliative radiation therapy provided sustained symptomatic relief at 67% of irradiated sites. Conclusions Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a radiosensitive tumor. Radiation therapy may provide palliative relief from symptomatic metastases, control recurrent tumors, and prevent recurrence of advanced resected tumors.
Quantifying the Convergence Time of Distributed Design Processes

Time is an asset of critical importance in the design process and it is desirable to reduce the amount of time spent developing products and systems. Design is an iterative activity and a significant portion of time spent in the product development process is consumed by design engineers iterating towards a mutually acceptable solution. Therefore, the amount of time necessary to complete a design can be shortened by reducing the time required for design iterations or by reducing the number of iterations. The focus of this paper is on reducing the number of iterations required to converge to a mutually acceptable solution in distributed design processes. In distributed design, large systems are decomposed into smaller, coupled design problems where individual designers have control over local design decisions and seek to satisfy their own individual objectives. The number of iterations required to reach equilibrium solutions in distributed design processes can vary depending on the starting location and the chosen process architecture. We investigate the influence of process architecture on the convergence behavior of distributed design systems. This investigation leverages concepts from game theory, classical controls and discrete systems theory to develop a transient response model. As a result, we are able to evaluate process architectures without carrying out any solution iterations.
Results of Carotid Stenting Versus Carotid Endarterectomy in a Large Integrated Rural Tertiary Care System

Objectives: The role of carotid stenting in the management of extracranial carotid artery occlusive disease remains controversial. Whether the results of randomized controlled trials of select patient groups can be generalized to the population at large remains uncertain. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed of all consecutive patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within a large rural tertiary health care system. Each CAS patient was matched with two CEA patients. Postoperative outcomes of stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and death were analyzed at 30 days, 60 days, and long-term (median follow-up 647 days; range, 0-2473 days). Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with CEA as the reference group, and results were expressed in models adjusted for gender and stratified by age 70 years. Life-table survival estimates were generated and compared with log-rank testing.
Intercluster correlations for binomial data: An application to Seed Testing

Certification of crop seeds from a seed lot requires determination of the seed germination rate through tests governed by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) and the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA). The results from four tests of 100 seeds each are compared with published tolerances to determine whether seed lots concur with a labeled germination rate. Examination of results from numerous corn and soybean seed lots sent to more than 30 member laboratories of the AOSA and the Society of Commercial Seed Technologists (SCST) suggested that, in aggregate, counts reported by the laboratories frequently show less sample variability than expected under independentbinomial sampling due to positive correlation among the individual test results. Whereas much of the recent literature on correlated binomial data is concerned with efficient methods for estimating the binomial success probabilities, comparatively little attention is paid to the problem of diagnosing whether correlations exist and are significant. Considering the replicate tests as clusters, we propose an estimator for the intercluster (interreplicate count) correlation coefficient and examine its statistical properties. Results from applying the estimator in unblinded and blinded seed tests are presented. The results are revealing; the estimates tend to be larger and significant in the unblinded seed tests.
Dental homologies in lamniform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii).

The dentitions of lamniform sharks are said to exhibit a unique heterodonty called the "lamnoid tooth pattern." The presence of an inflated hollow "dental bulla" on each jaw cartilage allows the recognition of homologous teeth across most modern macrophagous lamniforms based on topographic correspondence through the "similarity test." In most macrophagous lamniforms, three tooth rows are supported by the upper dental bulla: two rows of large anterior teeth followed by a row of small intermediate teeth. The lower tooth row occluding between the two rows of upper anterior teeth is the first lower anterior tooth row. Like the first and second lower anterior tooth rows, the third lower tooth row is supported by the dental bulla and may be called the first lower intermediate tooth row. The lower intermediate tooth row occludes between the first and second upper lateral tooth rows situated distal to the upper dental bulla, and the rest of the upper and lower tooth rows, all called lateral tooth rows, occlude alternately. Tooth symmetry cannot be used to identify their dental homology. The presence of dental bullae can be regarded as a synapomorphy of Lamniformes and this character is more definable than the "lamnoid tooth pattern." The formation of the tooth pattern appears to be related to the evolution of dental bullae. This study constitutes the first demonstration of supraspecific tooth-to-tooth dental homologies in nonmammalian vertebrates.
CORRELATION BETWEEN MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE AORTA AND VISUAL SCORING OF AVIAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

An analysis was made on 140 adult chickens of the relationship between visual estimation of the degree of encroachment of the lumen of the vessel by plaques and such morphometric variables as weight, length, circumference, thickness, density, and combinations thereof of the thoracic and abdominal segments of the aorta. Aortic weight and thickness functions were found to be significantly correlated to scores, accounting in the two highest cases (thickness and weight/area of the abdominal segment, body weight held constant) for 46% (r = 0.68) and 42% (r = 0.65) respectively, of the variability in score. Correlations were considerably lower in the thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring thoracic segment, the highest being r = 0.36 for weight/circumference. The scoring system thus has a basis in measurable physical changes in the wall of the blood vessel, but scoring apparently evaluates considerably more than was measured by the morphometric variables. The morphometric variables would probably serve best as means of comparing different scoring systems and as objective supplements to scoring. The procedure of choice would appear to be weight/area with body weight held constant (i.e. — partial correlation and/or covariance analysis).
Liquid instability and energy transformation near a magnetic neutral line: a soluble non-linear hydromagnetic problem

Hydromagnetic flow of a conducting fluid has a special character near a magnetic neutral line. This is investigated with reference to the two-dimensional motion of a cylinder of perfectly conducting liquid in a permanent magnetic field, of which the axis of the cylinder is a neutral line. Electric current is induced in the liquid by its irrotational motion in the magnetic field. The liquid is uniform, incompressible and frictionless. The surface is elliptically cylindrical, infinitely long, free and in vacuo. The motion is governed by the force exerted on the electric current by the magnetic field, permanent and induced. The stream lines are constant rectangular hyperbolas, in planes normal to the cylinder axis. The permanent magnetic field lines are orthogonal rectangular hyperbolas. The cylinder axis is a stagnation line and a magnetic neutral line. If the liquid is initially at rest, with circular cross-section, and no electric current, its state is unstable. A small motion imparted to it, of the kind indicated, will grow indefinitely, magnetic energy being converted into kinetic energy. The initial motion, however, need not be small. This non-linear hydromagnetic problem is completely soluble. The initial conditions may be chosen in more than one way. The bearing of the solution on the theories of solar flares and the aurora is briefly considered.
High-flow nasal cannula and extubation success in the premature infant: a comparison of two modalities.

High-flow nasal cannula and extubation success in the premature infant: a comparison of two modalities
Implications of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial for renal outcomes and medical nutrition therapy

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) results have important implications related to the prevention and management of diabetic nephropathy. This paper provides an overview of the study design, methods and overall results with particular emphasis on renal outcomes and the role of medical nutrition therapy. The DCCT demonstrated that intensive diabetes therapy aimed at near normoglycemia resulted in a 39% reduction in the occurrence of microalbuminuria and a 54% reduction in the occurrence of albuminaria. Further analysis of DCCT data show that the impact of intensive therapy on renal outcomes may vary based on the stage of diabetic nephropathy, gender and prior exposure to hyperglycemia. This review highlights the clinical implications of the DCCT results for dietitians, nurses and physicians working with patients with diabetic nephropathy and describes post-DCCT advances in clinical practice and research.
Group salience and stereotyping

Salience of sexual identity was varied in intergroup interaction for 75 female and 77 male college students. Participants rated attraction for and made attributions of sex-linked personality traits to men and women presented on slides. Under conditions of high as compared to low group salience, own group members were rated as more attractive than other group members, men made greater use of the male competence stereotype and women made greater use of the female warmth stereotype. These findings were interpreted as consistent with a social comparison interpretation of intergroup interaction.
Microscopic functional theory of dielectrics

Density functional theory (DFR) rests upon the proofs by Hohenberg and Kohn, which show that all properties of quantum many-body systems are functionals of the ground-state density, and the Kohn–Sham construction, in which the exchange–correlation energy is a functional only of the density. DFT has been widely assumed to apply directly to the intrinsic bulk properties of extended systems such as crystals, e.g., the static dielectric properties of insulators. However, in 1995, Godby, Ghosez, and Godby pointed out that the assumptions of DFT do not strictly apply to the case of a crystal in a finite electric field, since there is no ground state, and they argued that the description of intrinsic bulk dielectric phenomena in a crystal requires a functional of both the bulk density and the polarization. Here, we discuss the results of recent work which show that in the limit of long wavelengths both the bulk (periodic) density and the bulk average macroscopic polarization are necessary to fully describe the dielectric properties of insulating materials. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 69: 567–572, 1998
Teaching the Business of Health Care

This column identifies teaching modalities for assessing economic value, creating strategic plans, supporting implementation of cost-saving initiatives, and constantly evaluating.
Localization and identification in networks using robust identifying codes

Many practical problems in networks such as fault detection and diagnosis, location detection, environmental monitoring, etc, require to identify specific nodes or links based on a set of observations, which size is a subject of optimization. In this paper we focus on a combinatorial approach to these problems, which is closely related to coding techniques, and specifically to identifying codes. The identifying code problem for a given graph involves finding a minimum set of vertices whose neighborhoods uniquely overlap at any given graph vertex. In this paper we show efficient reductions between the identifying code problem and well-known covering problems, resulting in a tight hardness of approximation result and provable good centralized and distributed approximations. We further provide empirical and theoretical results on identifying codes in random networks and efficient constructions of these codes in infinite grids.
Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase: Substrate diversity in pericellular proteolysis

Enzymes in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family have been linked to key events in developmental biology for almost 50 years. Biochemical, cellular and in vivo analyses have established that pericellular proteolysis contributes to numerous aspects of ontogeny including ovulation, fertilization, implantation, cellular migration, tissue remodeling and repair. Surface anchoring of proteinase activity provides spatial restrictions on substrate targeting. This review will utilize membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) as an example to highlight substrate diversity in pericellular proteolysis catalyzed by a membrane anchored MMP.
Effects of morphine in rats treated chronically with U-50,488 H, a κ opioid receptor agonist

Abstract The pharmacological effects of morphine, namely analgesic, hyperthermic and cataleptic effects, were assessed in rats rendered tolerant to U-50,488H, a κ opioid receptor agonist. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with U-50,488H (25 mg/kg) twice a day for four days. The rats which served as controls were injected similarly with the vehicle. Chronic administration of U-50,488H resulted in the development of tolerance to its analgesic and hypothermic effects, but not to its diuretic effect. The development of tolerance to the pharmacological effects of U-50,488H was associated with decreased binding of [ 3 H]ethylketocyclazocine ([ 3 H]EKC) to brain and spinal cord membranes. The decreased binding of [ 3 H]EKC in U-50,488H-treated rats was due to changes in the B max value; the K d values remained unaltered. Intraperitoneal administration of morphine (8 mg/kg) to rats produced analgesia (as determined by the tail-flick test) and hyperthermia. A dose of 50 mg/kg of morphine produced cataleptic response. The intensity of analgesic, hyperthermic and cataleptic effects of morphine were unaltered in rats tolerant to U-50,488H. The development of tolerance to analgesic and hypothermic effects of U-50,488H were associated with down-regulation of brain and spinal cord κ opioid receptors. Finally, U-50,488H does not confer cross-tolerance to morphine, a predominantly μ opioid receptor agonist.
Specification of Abstract Data Types in Modula

The programming language MODULA is extended to permit the formal specification of the structure and functional capabilities of modules. This makes true hierarchical programming possible in MODULA by allowing programmers of higher level parts of a system to ignore completely the internal structure of lower level modules and to rely entirely on the specifications of the capabilities of these modules. An example is included to illustrate this technique. We show that our specification mechanisms are sufficiently powerful to support formal verification rules for modules that have disjoint representations for abstract objects.
A Century of Stratospheric Cloud Reports: 1870-1972.

Abstract The results are presented from a careful, systematic search for reports of stratospheric clouds over the period 1870–1972. For the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, a total of 156 dates are listed on which mother-of-pearl clouds (MPC) were reported. A small number of other Norwegian sightings exist for which specific dates were not obtained. Several references to general aircraft sightings of clouds above the tropopause are also given. Five mid- or low-latitude sightings are listed, some of which are perhaps related to rocket firings. In the Southern Hemisphere, the reported sightings occurred in Antarctica, being either of the MPC type or of more extensive and longer-lasting stratospheric cloud veils. The latter apparently are due to the extremely cold stratospheric temperatures experienced over the Antarctic in winter. Reports of veil-type stratospheric clouds are listed from two Antarctic expeditions, in 1912 and 1950–51. In addition to these, 139 cases of Antarctic MPC sightings were reporte...
The emergence and coalescence of fungal conservation social networks in Europe and the U.S.A.

Abstract Fungal conservation emerged in the 1980s when mycologists gained considerable insight into fluctuations and trends in fungal populations throughout Europe and the United States of America. Concerns arose over the possible decline of many macrofungi and likely consequences for ecosystem function and global change. Increased harvesting of edible species for international markets also sparked concerns about overharvesting and associated habitat disturbance, particularly in the U.S.A. This paper identifies two social networks that have coalesced around these concerns. They are: (1) professional, and (2) non-professional. Professional mycologists are active in societies, international forums, and governments. A wide range of non-professionals engage with fungi for recreational, scientific, economic and subsistence purposes. The paper identifies areas of collaboration and disconnection among these social networks and their composites, and suggests benefits from further integration that will strengthen this nascent field.
Transformation and Mineralization of Metribuzin in Surface and Subsurface Horizons of a Mississippi Delta Soil

Determination des vitesses de degradation et mineralisation du metribuzin [amino-4 (dimethyl-1,1ethyl)-6 methylthio-3 triazine-1,2,4one-5]. Les composes residuels et les metabolites sont analyses par chromatographie HPLC et couches minces
Darwinism and antibody diversity: a historical perspective.

Immunology was born as a daughter of Darwinism. This is a crucial foundation for understanding the dominant themes of immune theorizing that have characterized this most modern discipline. In the 187Os, establishing microbes as the aetiological agents of infectious diseases converged with new discoveries in pathology and comparative embryology to form a unique field of investigation, immunology. We believe these historical antecedents in evolutionary problematics have continued to inform current debate concerning the nature of immunity and the organization of the immune system, and here we will briefly summarize that history and its present status.
A model of microbial contamination of a water reservoir

A three year record of daily fecal coliform counts in a Massachusetts water reservoir has the appearance of an irregular time series punctuated by outbursts of varying duration. The pattern is described in terms of a probabilistic model where the fluctuations in the ‘regular’ and ‘explosive’ regimes are governed by two sets of probabilities. It has been assumed that the random oscillations has a lognormal distribution, and that once an explosion threshold has been exceeded the increments or decrements in the population size have fixed probability distributions. The threshold for triggering an outburst was estimated by examining the randomness of the autocorrelation function of the record after it is filtered to eliminate peaks of progressively increasing magnitude. Once the threshold has been identified, the mean and standard deviation of the underlying lognormal distribution could be estimated directly from remains found in the record after all the peaks were removed. The probabilities of an increment and decrement during the outbursts and their relative magnitudes could also be estimated using simple formulas. These estimated parameter values were then used to generate realistic records with known threshold levels, which were subsequently used to assess the procedure’s feasibility and sensitivity.
Design and optimization of time-of-flight spectrometers

Abstract Electrostatic time-of-flight spectrometers are commonly used in atomic physics as charge or mass analyzers. Various specialized schemes designed to minimize the time dispersion of the measured signal have been designed and implemented. However, little attention has been paid either to the general scaling rules underlying the design and operation of these devices, or to their properties when viewed as optical systems. In this work, a general approach to the analysis and design of multisegment time-of-flight spectrometers is presented and then applied to the optimization of both time focusing and transverse space focusing in a typical device.
Electromechanical vibration analysis of spacecraft transmission lines

Abstract Modern spacecraft platforms designed for defense or manufacturing systems will have high capacity power systems. Launch payload constraints coupled with the system capacity may produce appreciable electro-mechanical forces on current carrying conductors. These forces can result in structural damage or vibration. A method is presented to compute the force distribution and vibratory response for spacecraft transmission lines. Fourier series and finite-difference techniques are employed.
Petrology of Middle Jurassic Twin Creek Limestone, Lincoln and Sublette Counties, Southwestern Wyoming: ABSTRACT

End_Page 298------------------------------Cluster analysis was used to delineate lithofacies in the Twin Creek Limestone of Middle Jurassic age in the Tunp, Salt River, and Wyoming Ranges in southwestern Wyoming. Subjective appraisal of the petrographic data produced lithofacies similar to that created by cluster analysis. Modern carbonate environments and their ancient analogs were compared with information obtained from field study and petrographic analysis of samples of the Twin Creek Limestone to delineate environments of deposition, paleogeography, and diagenetic history. Six major lithofacies were recognized: (1) carbonate mudstone, (2) packstone-grainstone, (3) fossiliferous wackestone, (4) terrigenous mudstone, (5) sandstone, and (6) carbonate mudstone breccia. These lithofacies were deposited in a variety of environments, including outer shelf platforms (carbonate mudstone and fossiliferous wackestone), oolitic sand belts (packstone-grainstone), open to restricted lagoons (carbonate mudstone, fossiliferous wackestone, and terrigenous mudstone), tidal flats, and supratidal environments (terrigenous mudstone, sandstone, and carbonate mudstone breccia). The Twin Creek epeiric seaway experienced two major transgressions (early Bajocian and late Bathonian-early Callovian) and two regressions (early Bathonian and middle Callovian). Lateral migration of t e adjacent facies occurred in response to these changes in sea level. Eogenetic diagenetic features include minor compaction, micritization, coarse fibrous rim cementation, granular cementation, syntaxial rim cementation, and silicification of carbonates. These features were produced in environments ranging from freshwater phreatic to marine phreatic. Mesogenetic diagenesis was characterized by pressure-solution features and neomorphism. Telogenetic features are limited to calcite vein fillings and oxidation coating on carbonate and detrital grains. End_of_Article - Last_Page 299------------
Molecular Vibrations of Solvated Uracil. Ab Initio Reaction Field Calculations and Experiment

Harmonic vibrational frequencies and transition strengths in uracil have been calculated in self-consistent reaction fields of low (e = 1.53) and high (e = 78.54) dielectric constant using ab initio Hartree−Fock and density functional theory methods at the 6-31+G* level of theory. Uniformly scaled frequencies calculated in low dielectric medium agree well with infrared spectra of uracil in argon matrix, Δν(avg) = 2.2 cm-1, although only partial agreement is obtained for individual matrix-induced frequency shifts and intensity changes. Reaction field calculations with a tighter spherical cavity or solute cavity determined by the isodensity polarizable continuum method yield better match with experiment for certain vibrations. In a polar protic medium, the vibrational analysis is extended beyond neutral uracil to its (de)protonation derivatives selected by reaction field calculations. Unscaled vibrational frequencies, as well as infrared and Raman intensities of the uracil-4-ol cation, neutral uracil, uraci...
Power-aware SoC test planning for effective utilization of port-scalable testers

Many system-on-chip (SoC) integrated circuits contain embedded cores with different scan frequencies. To better meet the test requirements for such heterogeneous SoCs, leading tester companies have recently introduced port-scalable testers, which can simultaneously drive groups of channels at different data rates. However, the number of tester channels available for scan testing is limited; therefore, a higher shift frequency can increase the test time for a core if the resulting test access architecture reduces the bit-width used to access it. We present a scalable test planning technique that exploits port scalability of testers to reduce SoC test time. We compare the proposed heuristic optimization method to two baseline methods based on prior works that use a single scan data rate for all embedded cores. We also propose a power-aware test planning technique to effectively utilize port-scalable testers under constraints of test power consumption. Experimental results are presented for power-aware test scheduling to illustrate the impact of power constraints on overall test time.
The scintigraphic localization of mineralocorticoid-producing adrenocortical carcinoma

I-131-6 beta-iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59) was used to localize mineralocorticoid-secreting adrenocortical carcinomas in two patients and functioning metastases in a third patient studied after the removal of the primary tumor. The presence of sufficient NP-59 activity within these lesions for discernable imaging is unusual and would not have been expected based on previous experience with other functioning and nonfunctioning carcinomas of the adrenal cortex. These cases serve to illustrate the variable spectrum of iodocholesterol uptake into adrenocortical malignancies and suggest that scintigraphic studies, preoperatively for localization and postoperatively to confirm the presence of recurrence or metastases, might be useful to identify and characterize these rare neoplasms.
Correlates of Perceived Importance of Organizational Objectives

A survey of 315 organizational members suggests that influence, information, and formal education are positively and significantly correlated with one's perception of the importance of organization...
Vegetation activity monitoring as an indicator of eco-hydrological impacts of extreme events in the southeastern USA

A vegetation disturbance persistence metric based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer North American Carbon Program vegetation indices 8-day composite at 500 m spatial resolution was developed with the objective of assessing the eco-hydrological impact of extreme events generally, and hurricanes and tropical cyclones in particular, in the southeastern USA. The metric is based on the relationship between vegetation stress and the persistence of standardized enhanced vegetation index anomalies. The data show that in the first water year October–September after hurricane landfall, pronounced decreases in chlorophyll activity are found predominantly at very low elevations – including coastal marshes, wetlands, and the floodplains aligned with drainage networks of major river systems along the storm track. Inland impacts are mainly located in agricultural areas and woody wetlands in the floodplains, and in forested headwater basins in the mountains. Overall, the data analysis indicates that the major impacts of these storms are on agricultural and natural land-margin ecosystems predominantly via flooding associated with the storm surge along the coast, and flood propagation through the river networks inland. The timescale of impacts in coastal areas is up to two years, consistent with persistent impacts of salt intrusion in shallow coastal aquifers, erosion of root zone soils, and depletion of nutrients due to flooding. By contrast, ecological drought disturbance patterns exhibit larger spatial persistence but significantly shorter timescales 3–4 months.
Amplify-and-forward relaying under I/Q imbalance

We analyze the outage performance of relay-assisted amplify-and-forward systems under uncompensated I/Q imbalance effects and derive accurate analytical approximations for both cases. In addition, we compare the outage probability for amplify-and-forward systems with that of the direct transmission mode. Both analytical and numerical results demonstrate that the direct mode can outperform the amplify-and-forward mode even under moderate levels of uncompensated I/Q imbalance. The cross-over I/Q imbalance levels are determined analytically to be inversely proportional to the cube of the signal constellation size. Furthermore, we propose a low-complexity receiver-based digital baseband I/Q imbalance compensation scheme for the amplify-and-forward mode. Numerical results show its performance superiority to the conventional maximal-ratio combining scheme even under imperfect channel state information (CSI).
Speaking Platitudes to Power: Observing American Business Ethics in an Age of Declining Hegemony

Over the last generation, American Business Ethics has focused excessively on the process of managerial decision-making while ignoring the collective impact of these decisions and avoiding other approaches that might earn the disapproval of corporate executives. This narrowness helped the field establish itself during the 1980s, when American management, under pressure from finance and heightened competition, was unreceptive to any limitations on its autonomy. Relying, however, on top-down approaches inspired by Aristotle, Locke, and Kant, while ignoring the consequentialism of Mill and Rawls, made the field totally reliant upon the good will of these same corporate executives for generating any impact. Trends in employee compensation, finance, regulation, government procurement, and taxpayer subsidies suggest that Business Ethics has failed to significantly influence corporate behavior, a result that would have not surprised the realists of the post-war generation of Business and Society scholars. If Business Ethics is to prove relevant in the contemporary world, the field needs to acknowledge past failures and develop new approaches. The decline of American economic hegemony coupled to the increased internationalization of the discipline may create the opportunity to do so.
Cell-free conversion of 4-γ,γ-dimethylallyltryptophan to 4-[4-hydroxy-3-methyl-Δ2-butenyl]-tryptophan in Claviceps purpurea PRL 1980

Abstract The conversion of 4-γ,γ-dimethylallyltryptophan to 4-[4-hydroxy-3-methyl-Δ2-butenyl]-tryptophan was catalyzed by the 60–80% ammonium sulphate fraction from Claviceps purpurea PRL 1980. The conversion was stimulated by NADPH. Two major unidentified products in the incubation mixture were not significantly incorporated into elymoclavine when they were added to cultures of C. purpurea PRL 1980.
Fitting heights of odd-order groups with few character degrees

Abstract If G is any finite solvable group having a normal Sylow 2-subgroup (in particular, if | G | is odd) and satisfying |cd( G )|⩾5, where cd( G ) is the set of ordinary irreducible character degrees of G , we show that the Fitting height of G does not exceed |cd( G )|−2. In case |cd( G )|=5, this upper bound on the Fitting height of G is best-possible.