cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a clinical review

Advances in neonatal medicine have led to increased survival of infants born at the limits of viability, resulting in an increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease of premature infants characterized by the arrest of alveolarization, fibroblast activation, and inflammation. BPD leads to significant morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period and is one of the leading causes of chronic lung disease in children. The past decade has brought a surge of trials investigating cellular therapies for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest because of their ease of isolation, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory and reparative properties. Clinical trials of MSCs have demonstrated short-term safety and tolerability; however, studies have also shown populations of MSCs with adverse pro-inflammatory and myofibroblastic characteristics. Cell-based therapies may represent the next breakthrough therapy for the treatment of BPD, however, there remain barriers to implementation as well as gaps in knowledge of the role of endogenous MSCs in the pathogenesis of BPD. Concurrent high-quality basic science, translational, and clinical studies investigating the fundamental pathophysiology underlying BPD, therapeutic mechanisms of exogenous MSCs, and logistics of translating cellular therapies will be important areas of future research.
Integration of real-time weather radar data and Internet of Things with cloud-hosted real-time data services for the geosciences (CHORDS)

Advances in sensing, hardware, and wireless communications are allowing for an ever-increasing array of previously unmeasured weather phenomena at large scales. Integrating these new data with existing technologies and paradigms is of tantamount importance, in order to be able to respond quickly to emerging weather phenomena such as flash floods, tornadoes, and hail storms in real-time. Currently, integrating the massive amount of available data from various types of sensors, including rain gauges, hail sensors, radar, UAV, etc, is challenging and at times in possible, to analyze rapidly developing systems in real-time. This paper addresses this problem and presents a concept for integrating real-time weather radar data with ground sensors using CHORDS portals, allowing for the integration of large volumes of data in real-time using cloud computing technologies.
Environmental Determinants of Health

Several modifiable environmental factors—such as outdoor air pollution, household air pollution, drinking water contamination, occupational exposure to hazardous materials, lead exposure, and built environments that discourage physical activity—influence the risk and experience of chronic disease. The World Health Organization estimates that 21.2% of global deaths and 16.3% of global disability-adjusted life years lost are attributable to these risk factors. There are several approaches for estimating the number of deaths and chronic illnesses attributable to these factors. Managing and mitigating environmentally related chronic illness begins with the administration of an environmental health history.
Data Mining for Parameters Affecting Polymorph Selection in Contorted Hexabenzocoronene Derivatives

The macroscopic properties of molecular materials can be drastically influenced by their solid-state packing arrangements, of which there can be many (e.g., polymorphism). Strategies to controllably and predictively access select polymorphs are thus highly desired, but computationally predicting the conditions necessary to access a given polymorph is challenging with the current state of the art. Using derivatives of contorted hexabenzocoronene, cHBC, we employed data mining, rather than first-principles approaches, to find relationships between the crystallizing molecule, postdeposition solvent-vapor annealing conditions that induce polymorphic transformation, and the resulting polymorphs. This analysis yields a correlative function that can be used to successfully predict the appearance of either one of two polymorphs in thin films of cHBC derivatives. Within the postdeposition processing phase space of cHBC derivatives, we have demonstrated an approach to generate guidelines to select crystallization c...
A hybrid LP/NLP paradigm for global optimization relaxations

Polyhedral relaxations have been incorporated in a variety of solvers for the global optimization of mixed-integer nonlinear programs. Currently, these relaxations constitute the dominant approach in global optimization practice. In this paper, we introduce a new relaxation paradigm for global optimization. The proposed framework combines polyhedral and convex nonlinear relaxations, along with fail-safe techniques, convexity identification at each node of the branch-and-bound tree, and learning strategies for automatically selecting and switching between polyhedral and nonlinear relaxations and among different local search algorithms in different parts of the search tree. We report computational experiments with the proposed methodology on widely-used test problem collections from the literature, including 369 problems from GlobalLib, 250 problems from MINLPLib, 980 problems from PrincetonLib, and 142 problems from IBMLib. Results show that incorporating the proposed techniques in the BARON software leads to significant reductions in execution time, and increases by 30% the number of problems that are solvable to global optimality within 500 s on a standard workstation.
Essay #8: Logical Form and the Ontological Argument

The first section of this article consists of philosophical reflections about logical form. It begins with the metaphor that logical form is a great onion, in the sense that it comes in a variety of levels or strata. A list is given in which 12 such levels are distinguished. The big point it makes is that there is a genuine logical asymmetry between validity and invalidity of logical form. Two conditionals are discussed, viz.: (1) Every instance of a valid logical form is a valid argument, and (2) Every instance of an invalid logical form is an invalid argument. The first conditional is true, whereas the second is most assuredly false. The first section also has a discussion of the connection between validity/invalidity and the distinction between the existential and universal quantifiers. In general, proving invalidity is very much more difficult than proving validity, except in the very special case where an argument has all true premises and a false conclusion.
Metabolism of Ethanol and Some Associated Adverse Effects on the Liver and the Stomach

Current knowledge of alcohol oxidation and its effects on hepatic metabolism and its toxicity are summarized. This includes an evaluation of the relationship of the level of consumption to its interaction with nutrients (especially retinoids, carotenoids, and folate) and the development of various stages of liver disease. Ethanol metabolism in the stomach and its link to pathology and Helicobacter pylori is reviewed. Promising therapeutic approaches evolving from newly gained insight in the pathogenesis of medical complications of alcoholism are outlined. At present, the established approach for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic liver injury is to control alcohol abuse, with the judicial application of selective antioxidant therapy, instituted at early stages, prior to the social or medical disintegration of the patient, and associated with antiinflammatory agents at the acute phase of alcoholic hepatitis. In addition, effective antifibrotic therapy may soon become available.
LOCAL AND GENERAL ANESTHETIC EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE OF TWO- AND SEVEN-WEEK-OLD CASTRATED AND UNCASTRATED PIGLETS

Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of general and local anesthetics given prior to castration on piglet behavior and weight gain. The first experiment showed that use of general anesthesia by xylazine, ketamine hydrochloride and glyceryl guaiacolate for 2-wk-old piglets resulted in the death of 28% of the piglets and, for those that survived, suppressed nursing behavior. In the second experiment, using 2-wk-old piglets, local anesthesia by lidocaine hydrochloride prevented the slight (30 min) castration-induced nursing behavior suppression. In the third and fourth studies, using 7-wk-old pigs, local or general anesthetic did not overcome castration-induced changes in behavior. Castration affected behavior of 7-wk-old pigs for 6 to 8 h. None of the treatments in any of the studies influenced weight gain. We conclude that castration is painful for 2-wk-old and 7-wk-old pigs. The 2-wk-old pig seems behaviorally less affected by castration than does the 7-wk-old pig. Local anesthetic prevented pain-induced behavior changes for 2-wk-old, but not for 7-wk-old, pigs. At present, the FDA does not permit use of these anesthetics in meat-producing animals.
Psychoanalyse: Konventionelle Einsicht, Selbsterkenntnis oder inexakte Wissenschaft?

Kontrapunkt zu Grunbaums Arbeit bilden Aufsatze, wie sie beispielsweise Bruno Bettelheim unter dem Titel Freud und die Seele des Menschen (1984) veroffentlichte. Wo der eine das Freudsche Werk mit den strengen Masstaben einer (positivistischen) Wissenschaftsphilosophie beurteilt, greift der andere die fur die Ubersetzung ins Englische Verantwortlichen mit der Begrundung an, das sie dem Humanismus in diesen Schriften zuwiderhandeln. Das Freudsche Vermachtnis ist so reichhaltig, das die bestunterrichteten, kompetenten Gelehrten unterschiedliche, plausible Interpretationen dazu liefern: Mit gewissenhafter Objektivitat beurteilt Grunbaum das Werk nach den Normen der klinischen und biomedizinischen Forschung; Bettelheim, mit seiner grosen klinischen Erfahrung, die er sich in Wien, in dem auch Freud praktizierte und lehrte, angeeignet hatte, erinnert uns daran, das dieser Stilist deutscher Prosa uber die Seele und nicht uber den Geist („mind“) oder andere behavioristische Euphemismen schrieb.
Do DNA Triple Helices or Quadruplexes Have a Role in Transcription

Certain DNA sequences preferentially adopt multistranded, non-B-form structures under physiological conditions. These include three-stranded DNA triplexes and four-stranded DNA quadruplexes. Several lines of evidence suggest that multiplex structures can form in vivo, either from the addition of oligonucleotides or through the transient formation of single-stranded regions. The consequences of multiplex structures on many DNA-dependent biological processes have been described. In this chapter I will review the effects of different DNA multiplexes on the process of transcription. The influence of parameters such as multiplex type and multiplex formation conditions on different transcription mechanistic steps in organisms spanning from prokaryotes to Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells will be discussed.
A one year study of coronavirus SD infection in mice.

Coronavirus SD was isolated in mouse brain following intracerebral inoculation of autopsy brain material from a multiple sclerosis patient (1). This isolate is serologically related to the human coronavirus OC-43 and the murine coronavirus A59. It is antigenically distant from JHM, the prototype demyelinating strain of mouse hepatitis virus (2). As previously reported, intracerebral (IC) inoculation of SD into mice induces prominent demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord during the first 30 days post inoculation (PI) (3). This paper describes the pathogenesis of SD infection of mice through PI day 365.
Adjuvant versus salvage radiation therapy in men with high risk features after radical prostatectomy: Survey of North American genitourinary expert radiation oncologists.

e17078Background: Management of patients with high-risk features after radical prostatectomy is controversial. Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) improves survival when compared to no treatment and is...
A hybrid technique for treatment of commissural primary mitral regurgitation.

Background MitraClip is an effective transcatheter therapy for mitral regurgitation (MR). However, MitraClip is challenging in commissural MR and the optimal therapeutic approach is unclear. Methods We describe a case series of six consecutive patients with severe commissural primary mitral regurgitation who underwent MitraClip insertion followed by an Amplatzer Vascular Plug (AVP) II occluder between the commissure and the MitraClip. Results The procedure was successful in all patients. MR was reduced from severe to mild/trivial in 50% and moderate in 50% of cases. On 30-day follow-up, NYHA class had improved from III (6 patients) to I (2 patients), II (2 patients), and III (2 patients). The mean transmitral gradient was 2.5 ± 1.8 mmHg at baseline and 4.8 ± 2.6 mmHg following the procedure. One patient developed hemolysis immediately post procedure. The other five patients remained well during a median follow-up of 20 months (range 5-50 months) with no reported device dislodgement. Conclusions Elective treatment of severe commissural MR with a laterally or medially placed MitraClip coupled with an AVP II occluder between the clip and the commissure is feasible and safe. This approach may provide a useful management alternative in selected patients.
Hydrogen bonding steers the product selectivity of electrocatalytic CO reduction.

The product selectivity of many heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes is profoundly affected by the liquid side of the electrocatalytic interface. The electrocatalytic reduction of CO to hydrocarbons on Cu electrodes is a prototypical example of such a process. However, probing the interactions of surface-bound intermediates with their liquid reaction environment poses a formidable experimental challenge. As a result, the molecular origins of the dependence of the product selectivity on the characteristics of the electrolyte are still poorly understood. Herein, we examined the chemical and electrostatic interactions of surface-adsorbed CO with its liquid reaction environment. Using a series of quaternary alkyl ammonium cations ( m e t h y l 4 N + , e t h y l 4 N + , p r o p y l 4 N + , and b u t y l 4 N + ), we systematically tuned the properties of this environment. With differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), we show that ethylene is produced in the presence of m e t h y l 4 N + and e t h y l 4 N + cations, whereas this product is not synthesized in p r o p y l 4 N + - and b u t y l 4 N + -containing electrolytes. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) reveals that the cations do not block CO adsorption sites and that the cation-dependent interfacial electric field is too small to account for the observed changes in selectivity. However, SEIRAS shows that an intermolecular interaction between surface-adsorbed CO and interfacial water is disrupted in the presence of the two larger cations. This observation suggests that this interaction promotes the hydrogenation of surface-bound CO to ethylene. Our study provides a critical molecular-level insight into how interactions of surface species with the liquid reaction environment control the selectivity of this complex electrocatalytic process.
Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Academic Performance in Reading and Mathematics: Exploring Academic Enablers as a Mediator

The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of academic enablers on the association between symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and academic achievement. There were 395 3rd through 5th grade students (48% boys). Students self-rated behavioral symptoms and classroom teachers completed ratings of academic enablers. Achievement was modeled as a latent variable including CBM probes, teacher ratings of academic skills, and student grades. Results indicated that (a) inattention was negatively associated with academic enablers and academic performance, (b) inattention had a small negative direct and indirect association with math outcomes in most models, while hyperactivity/impulsivity demonstrated showed a small, negative indirect association in one model, (c) and inattention had a small negative indirect association with reading in three models; hyperactivity/impulsivity demonstrated a small indirect association with reading in one model. This study points to the role of academic enabling behaviors in partially explaining the association between inattention and academic underachievement.
Off-the-shelf virus specific T-cells for therapy of adenovirus disease in immunosuppressed patients.

7008Background: Adenovirus infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Cidofovir is commonly used, but its nephrotoxicity is concerning and efficacy limite...
The Effects of Preoperative Steroid Therapy on Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

Abstract Study Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Objectives To identify the effects of preoperative steroid therapy on 30-day perioperative complications after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Summary of Background Data Chronic steroid therapy has demonstrated therapeutic effects in the treatment of various medical conditions but is also known to be associated with surgical complications. There remains a gap in the literature regarding the impact of chronic steroid therapy in predisposing patients to perioperative complications after elective surgery for ASD. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the 2008-2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative steroid therapy. Differences in baseline patient characteristics, comorbidities, and operative variables were assessed. Univariate analysis was performed to compare the incidence of perioperative complications. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression models were then used to adjust for baseline patient and operative variables in order to identify perioperative complications that were associated with preoperative steroid therapy. Results We identified 7,936 patients who underwent surgery for ASD, of which 418 (5.3%) were on preoperative steroid therapy. Preoperative steroid therapy was an independent risk factor for four perioperative complications, including mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 4.51; p = .005), wound dehiscence (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.45, 6.70; p = .004), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.24, 3.55; p = .006), and blood transfusion (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.08, 1.66; p Conclusions Patients on preoperative steroid therapy are at increased risk of 30-day mortality, wound dehiscence, DVT, and blood transfusion after surgery for ASD. An interdisciplinary approach to the perioperative management of steroid regimens is critical. Level of Evidence Level III.
The Story of Brooke S.B. v. Elizabeth A.C.C.: Parental Recognition in the Age of LGBT Equality

This essay, forthcoming in Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories, maps the legal question of parental recognition onto evolving principles of sexual orientation equality. It does so through the lens of Brooke S.B. v. Elizabeth A.C.C., a 2016 New York Court of Appeals decision that illustrates both the opportunities and limitations when parentage law embraces sexual orientation equality. In some earlier disputes on the rights of non-biological parents in same-sex couples, LGBT advocates framed sexual orientation as largely irrelevant. Courts should adopt more capacious understandings of parenthood, advocates argued, to protect parents and children, regardless of sexual orientation. But as the legal, political, and social environment became more affirming of LGBT people and their families, LGBT advocates urged courts to adopt more capacious understandings of parenthood, not only to protect parents and children, but also to vindicate principles of sexual orientation equality. This essay shows how an emphasis on sexual orientation equality can shape approaches to parental recognition in ways that yield recognition for some families - namely, same-sex couples and others using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) - while leaving other families in an uncertain state - namely, families in which the non-biological parent did not participate in the plan to have the child but nonetheless raised the child. This distinction captures differences between intent and function. An intentional approach to parental recognition focuses on adults' plans with respect to parenting, often looking to decisions made well before the child's conception. A functional approach to parental recognition attends to the existing parent-child relationship, asking whether, with the consent of the legal parent, the individual claiming parental rights formed a bonded parental relationship with the child. In short, intentional parenthood focuses on the decision to have a child, while functional parenthood focuses on the act of raising the child. The Brooke S.B. court adopted an intentional standard, and connected its approach to respect for same-sex couples' families and to emergent constitutional and family-law principles of sexual orientation equality. Nonetheless, the court explicitly left open the possibility for a functional test that would reach beyond the same-sex parents before it. Eventually, judges and lawmakers in New York might come to appreciate that a functional approach would in fact further sexual orientation equality by offering more comprehensive protection to non-biological parent-child relationships.
The computing ontology and its implications in computing education: poster session

Ontology of all of the computing disciplines is available for use in a number of applications. It describes various disciplines, topics, subtopics that belong to the domain of computing, including computer science, computer engineering, information systems, information technology, software engineering, and the many very specialized areas that are emerging.
Chapter 4 – Soporific Agents (Hypnotics and Sedative Drugs)

Numerous medical disorders can cause insomnia. Soporific agents are drugs that facilitate the development and normalization of sleep. However, the sleep that is induced by the majority of drugs differs from natural sleep. There are many known compounds of various chemical classes that can be classified as hypnotics and sedative drugs, which are capable of causing various degrees of central nervous system depression, relieving anxiety, and causing sleep. From the chemical point of view, soporific, sedative, and hypnotic drugs are classified as barbiturates, histamine H1 receptor antagonists, benzodiazepine hypnotics, which became available in the 1970s, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, so-called Z-drugs, melatonin receptor agonists, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonists/inverse agonists, NK1 receptor agonists, melatonergic (MT1/MT2) agonists, orexin receptor (OX1/OX2) antagonists, and so on. This chapter describes the syntheses of soporific drugs that are included in the list of Top 200 Drugs by sales for the 2010s.
Inferential statistics for transient signal detection in radio astronomy phased arrays

In this paper we develop two statistical rules for the purpose of detecting pulsars and transients using signals from phased array feeds installed on a radio telescope in place of a traditional horn receiver. We assume a known response of the antenna arrays and known coupling among array elements. We briefly summarize a set of pre-processing steps applied to raw array data prior to signal detection and then derive two detection statistics assuming two models for the unknown radio source astronomical signal: (1) the signal is deterministic and (2) the signal is a random process. The performance of both detectors is analyzed using both real and simulated data.
Problems in number theory related to aperiodic order

This talk concerns properties of dilated floor functions fα(x) = [αx], where α takes a fixed real value.
Revision of the Patagonian stiletto fly genus Pachyrrhiza Philippi (Therevidae: Agapophytinae).

In South America, the stiletto fly subfamily Agapophytinae (Diptera: Therevidae) occurs predominantly in the Patagonian region where it is represented by four genera: Pachyrrhiza Philippi, Melanothereva Malloch, Entesia Oldroyd and Sigalopella Irwin & Winterton. Here we revise the genus Pachyrrhiza with an additional four new species described and figured.
Documentation of goals of care (GOC) by medical oncologists is associated with improved oncology patient end-of-life (EOL) care outcomes

1507Background: Documenting GOC is integral to patient care and quality performance but has been underutilized by oncologists due to many barriers. As oncologists play a key role in initiating GOC ...
P55 Food Security at a Private, Midwestern University During COVID-19

Background Food insecurity among college students has been estimated between 32.9% to 50.9% of students. Food insecurity among college students is associated with poor nutrition, higher stress levels, and poorer academic outcomes. First-generation, low-income, and students of color are at higher risk of food insecurity. Objective To assess food security at a private university during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design, Settings, Participants This cross-sectional study was conducted in Fall 2020 at a private, Midwestern university with approximately 5,400 students. Participants were recruited via email. An online survey was administered to 393 students, aged 18-53 years (M = 20.69 ± 4.07). Participants were predominantly White (n = 338, 86%), US citizens (n = 383, 98%), majority female (n = 300, 76%), mostly undergraduate (n = 361, 92%), and 113 (29%) were first-generation students. Eighty-one (21%) participants reported living with a parent/guardian. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The USDA's 18-item Household Food Security Survey was used to assess food security. A total food security score was calculated, and participants categorized as high, marginal, low, or very low food security. A t test was performed to determine if a difference existed between food security scores for participants who were/were not first-generation students. Results Of the 393 participants, 199 (50.6%) reported high food security, 73 (18.6%) marginal, 51 (13.0%) low, and 70 (17.8%) very low. Based on the USDA classification, 69.2% were food secure while 30.8% were food insecure. First-generation students had significantly greater food insecurity (M = 3.22 ± 3.40) than non-first-generation students (M = 1.67 ± 2.63), [t(169.27) = 4.37, P Conclusion Food security among participants was higher than estimates for college students pre-COVID-19. One possible explanation is that more students may have been living at their permanent residences due to remote learning. First-generation students continue to be at high risk for food insecurity. Nutrition educators can collaborate with administrators and other stakeholders to provide resources to increase food security among students.
An Inexpensive Apparatus to Study Conservation of Angular Momentum in the Introductory Laboratory

While the three laws of conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum are all mentioned in introductory textbooks, there are few experiments through which students can investigate the conservation of angular momentum. Most experiments consist of collisions between rotating disks, in which one disk is dropped on another, or in which the rotational inertia of a single object is changed and the resulting change in angular velocity measured. This paper presents a method for studying collisions that centers on the conservation of angular momentum, and of rotational energy.
Background and Literature Review

Why banks would ration credit through non-price means has been an unresolved issue for more than five decades. Keynes [1930] noted that “there is apt to be an unsatisfied fringe of borrowers, the size of which can be expanded or contracted, so that banks can influence the volume of investment by expanding or contracting the volume of their loans, without there being necessarily any change in the level of [the] bank-rate.” This simple statement pointed to three major questions. First, why would banks choose to alter quantity and not allow price to do the rationing? Second, given the choice of quantity adjustment, how is the shortage allocated? Economists typically assume that the allocation is random across identical individuals; yet, in reality, the allocation is neither random nor are the individuals identical. Third, how does rationing affect the role of the banking firm as a financial intermediary? Why, when an excess demand for loans exists, should the bank not attempt to attract more funds through the raising of the deposit rate; or, from a monetary perspective, why should the banks not fully accommodate any increase in redit made available by the monetary authorities?
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH-POTENTIAL IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes purification and properties of high-potential iron–sulfur protein (HiPIPs). HiPIPs comprise a class of proteins usually found in purple phototrophic bacteria, where they presumably function to mediate electron transfer between the cytochrome bc 1 complex and the photosynthetic reaction center. HiPIP is found to interact effectively with the reaction center in Chromatium vinosum . HiPIPs can also be involved more directly in sulfur metabolism in the purple sulfur bacteria as electron acceptors for sulfide dehydrogenase and thiosulfate dehydrogenase. Nonphysiological reactions with flavodoxin and ferredoxin-NADP + reductase illustrate the versatility of HiPIP in studies of electron transfer. HiPIP is remarkably stable in comparison with other ferredoxins. The ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectra of HiPIP are distinctive and provide a means for ready identification. HiPIPs generally appear to be monomeric although evidence from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray crystallography suggests that dimerization may be significant under some conditions. High-potential iron–sulfur protein is assayed by measuring the absorbance of fractions at 390 and 280 nm. The ratio of absorbance at these wavelengths provides a measure of purity.
Derangements in Brain Synaptosomes Function in Chronic Renal Failure: Role of Parathyroid Hormone

The neurotoxicity of excess blood levels of PTH in uremic state is well documented (1–4). This deleterious effect of the hormone is, at least in part, due to its ability to increase calcium content in brain (5–8)- This is not surprisingly since the hormone enhances entry of calcium into many eel1s (9–11).
The Well-Poised Thread: An Organized Chronicle of Some Amazing Summations and their Implications

This paper provides an organized history of well-poised hypergeometric series. The object is to reveal the process by which a rather narrow mathematical study blossomed into a topic of widespread importance. In addition, short biographies of the early contributors are included.
La tradición Aztatlán de Nayarit-Jalisco y el estilo nahua-mixteca de Cholula

En el Clasico Terminal/Posclasico se desarrollo en Cholula un nuevo “estilo internacional” que logro propagarse mediante redes de alianzas e intercambio a la costa del Pacifico en Oaxaca. Se extendio hacia el norte a Jalisco y Nayarit, donde encontro su expresion en la tradicion Aztatlan de ceramicas policromas producidas por los ancestros de los coras y huicholes de hoy dia. La evidencia de las intensivas redes de festejos que patrocinaban los nobles del centro-sur mexicano durante el Posclasico, se ve reflejada en la sofisticada tecnologia usada para producir ceramica policroma y en el desarrollo de un estilo artistico de representacion y de comunicacion pictografica. Solia hacerse referencia a este estilo con el termino geografico Mixteca-Puebla, pero el subsecuente reconocimiento del papel que desempenaron en su concepcion los grupos nahuas y mixtecos ha llevado a nombrarle con otro termino que tambien es cultural: nahua-mixteca
A Formal Study of Slicing for Multi-threaded Programs with JVM Concurrency Primitives

Previous work has shown that program slicing can be a useful step in model-checking software systems. We are interested in applying these techniques to construct models of multi-threaded Java programs. Past work does not address the concurrency primitives found in Java, nor does it provide the rigorous notions of slice correctness that are necessary for reasoning about programs with non-deterministic behaviour and potentially infinite computation traces. In this paper, we define the semantics of a simple multi-threaded language with concurrency primitives matching those found in the Java Virtual Machine, we propose a bisimulation-based notion of correctness for slicing in this setting, we identify notions of dependency that are relevant for slicing multi-threaded Java programs, and we use these dependencies to specify a program slicer for the language presented in the paper. Finally, we discuss how these dependencies can be refined to take into account common programming idioms of concurrent Java software.
Nephrologists' perceptions of renal transplant as treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, preemptive transplant, and transplanting older patients: An international survey

Objectives To explore the relation between nephrologists' characteristics and their views of transplant as the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, preemptive transplant, and transplant of older patients. Materials and methods A comprehensive international Web-based survey explored the relation between nephrologists' characteristics and their views of transplant as the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, preemptive transplant, and transplant of older patients. Results A total of 1448 nephrologists completed the survey. The majority of respondents agreed with transplant as the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (75%), preemptive transplant (71%), and transplant for patients > 60 years of age (59%). The likelihood of agreement was higher among transplant and academic nephrologists, and practice at hospitals with ≥ 50 transplants per year. Urban location and ≥ 10 years in practice were associated with higher likelihood of viewing transplant as treatment of choice and favoring preemptive transplant. Conclusions Demographic and practice characteristics influence nephrologists' attitudes about transplant as the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, preemptive transplant, and transplant as an option for older patients. Detailed studies exploring the determinants of nephrologists' attitudes are likely to identify sources of variations in perceptions of patient suitability for transplant. Our findings underscore the need for continuing educational programs addressing evolving aspects of transplant particularly targeting nephrologists practicing within nonacademic centers and in rural areas.
Physics and applications of the Gliding Arc discharge

Summary form only given. Gliding Arc is a transitional type of atmospheric pressure arc discharges, which can provide relatively high levels of electron density, current and power-typical for thermal plasmas, together with relatively low temperature and elevated electric field-typical for cold non-equilibrium plasmas. This "hybrid thermal/non-thermal" plasma of the Gliding Arc combines features and advantages (sometimes unfortunately disadvantages as well) of the so different discharges as thermal arc and low temperature glow or corona discharges. The Gliding Arc discharge finds already interesting and successful practical applications in fuel and waste treatment, in environmental control. The Gliding Arc discharge in the transitional ENE mode was successfully applied in particular for hydrogen and syngas production by partial oxidation and steam reforming of methane, and for exhaust gas cleaning from different volatile organic compounds. The Gliding Arc plasma parameters in the case of fast linear propagation and rotation was characterized and quantified by the high speed image intensified spectrally resolved video and ICCD diagnostics, synchronized voltage-current measurements, and also by microwave interferometry and infrared spectroscopy.
Elderly patients have more severe biliary infections: Influence of complement-killing and induction of TNFα production

Background Biliary bacteria are more common in elderly patients and cause more serious illnesses. The reasons for this are unclear. We noted previously that bacterial serum-sensitivity and induction of TNFα production in sera (iTNFsera) were associated with severe biliary infections. We examined the influence of age and these factors on illness severity. Methods Three-hundred and forty patients were studied. Gallstones and bile were cultured. Illness was staged as none (no clinical infection or inflammation), SIRS (fever, leukocytosis), severe (cholangitis, abscess, empyema), or MODS (bacteremia, hypotension, organ dysfunction/failure). Bacterial serum-sensitivity and TNFα induction were measured. Younger ( Results Biliary bacteria were more common in elderly (64% vs 41%, P P = .003). Bacteria from elderly patients induced more TNFα (580 vs 310 pg/ml, P = .023). In both groups, serum-sensitive bacteria caused infectious manifestations and induced abundant TNFα; however, serum-resistant bacteria from elderly usually (69%) caused infectious manifestations and abundant TNFα, while serum-resistant bacteria from younger patients rarely (8%) caused infectious manifestations and minimal TNFα. Elderly patients with high iTNFsera bacteria had more severe illnesses. Conclusions Biliary bacteria were more common in elderly patients and produced more serious illnesses. Many younger patients with biliary bacteria displayed no infectious manifestations. Elderly patients harbored more virulent bacteria, and had a heightened response to high iTNFsera bacteria, as well as bacteria largely tolerated by younger patients.
Moving dislocations in disordered alloys: Connecting continuum and discrete models with atomistic simulations

Using atomistic simulations of dislocation motion in Ni and $\mathrm{Ni}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Au}$ alloys we report a detailed study of the mobility function as a function of stress, temperature, and alloy composition. We analyze the results in terms of analytic models of phonon radiation and their selection rules for phonon excitation. We find a remarkable agreement between the location of the cusps in the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$-$v$ relation and the velocity of waves propagating in the direction of dislocation motion. We identify and characterize three regimes of dissipation whose boundaries are essentially determined by the direction of motion of the dislocation, rather than by its screw or edge character.
Thermal coronary angiography: a method for assessing graft patency and coronary anatomy in coronary bypass surgery.

Thermal coronary angiography was evaluated in 50 patients undergoing 137 saphenous vein and 48 internal mammary artery bypass grafts. A total of 177 thermal coronary angiograms were performed after completion of the distal anastomoses by injection of cold cardioplegia into the vein or by reperfusion with warmer blood in the internal mammary artery grafts. These angiograms provided details of graft and anastomosis patency, flow directions, and presence of native coronary stenoses. Temperature differences between the injectant and the epimyocardium of greater than 4°C resulted in highcontrast images. Thermal coronary angiograms were obtained in 173 of the 177 studied bypass grafts; 172 grafts were patent, and 1 internal mammary artery graft was occluded. Unsuspected stenoses were detected at the site of four distal anastomoses. Subsequently, two anastomoses were successfully revised and three additional grafts performed. Ninety-six native coronary stenoses were located in the recipient coronary arteries. In ten instances, the thermal coronary angiograms were obscured by excess fat or myocardium, thereby impeding correct image analysis. We conclude that thermal coronary angiography can be clinically relevant and helps improve decision making during coronary artery bypass operations.
Thermal remote sensing of snow cover to identify the extent of hydrothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park

High resolution airborne multispectral and thermal infrared imagery (1-meter pixel resolution) was acquired over several hydrothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park both in September of 2011 and in early March, during the winter of 2012, when snow cover was still present in most of the Park. The multi-temporal imagery was used to identify the extent of the geothermal areas, as snow accumulation is absent in hydrothermal areas. The presence or absence of snow depends on the heat flow generated at the surface as well as antecedent snow precipitation and temperature conditions. The paper describes the image processing and analysis methodology and examines temperature thresholds and conditions that result in the presence or absence of snow cover.
The Hidden Structure of Soviet Science

A study of informal networks in Soviet science, this article documents the existence of a complex system of interlocking and overlapping channels ofprofessional communication that cut across the formal, hierarchical chains of command in the USSR Academy of Sciences. Through coauthorship data and career histories, one can identify science schools, research groups, social circles, and professional cliques in the Soviet scientific community during the Stalin, Khrushchev, and Brezhnev regimes. There was an expansion and integration of social circles over time and a pluralism of interdependent, but distinct, scientific elites. This structure took on political significance through the persistence of a liberal democratic tradition among scientists in the Academy.
Topological realizability conditions and their interpretation for admittance matrices of an MTL system with mode delays

In a previous study by the authors regarding passive multiconductor transmission line (MTL) system quasi-TEM mode delay, we encounter longitudinal immittance matrix functions (LIMFs) whose behavior initially appears problematic, yet they are shown to be passive. This paper addresses the constraints on the realization of the admittance matrix and the physical interpretation of the realized circuits in the passive, common-ground microstrip system.
The possibility of patient involvement in prevention of medication error

Abstract Medication errors are the most frequent cause of patient harm. The new view of the role of the patient as a partner in his/her safe care can help reduce the risk of serious errors and omissions by health workers. In the context of sociological investigation, the level of patient involvement in the medication process in checking the accuracy of the medication administered and informing healthcare professionals about all the medication taken and possible allergies, has been researched. The selective file of patients admitted to the hospital, corresponded with the patient composition in the Czech Republic in terms of regions, gender and age. These features were intended to be representative. The research file consisted of 514 patients hospitalized at the hospital inpatient wards for at least 3 days. The research results show that patients carry out medication control very superficially. They trust the nursing staff and do not check medication accuracy. More than half of the respondents (56.2%) do not check the medication and do not ask the nurse about its name. It is puzzling and alarming that almost one-third of patients (26.3%) would not draw the attention of a doctor or nurse to the administration of wrong or unusual medication! In contrast, most patients do inform a doctor about medication already being taken (87.5%), and possible allergies (86.0%), and so the active involvement of patients in risk prevention is a possible solution. Patients should be encouraged to be vigilant and alert health professionals about errors that, in their opinion, have happened or could happen during the treatment process.
Chlorination studies. IV. The reaction of aqueous hypochlorous acid with pyrimidine and purine bases.

Abstract The labile intermediates and stable end products formed by the reaction of aqueous HOCl with thymine, uracil, 5-Br-uracil, N,N-dimethyluracil and 6-methyluracil have been identified. The purine ring system of guanine, adenine and xanthine was more resistant to attack by aqueous HOCl and reaction times of one week resulted in the formation of parabanic acid. Caffeine and theophylline under similar reaction conditions yielded N,N-dimethylparabanic acid.
A New Determination of the Fluoride Ion−Water Bond Energy

The investigation of gas-phase ion-water clusters provides fundamental information about the forces involved in ionic solvation. Since understanding the properties of aqueous ionic clusters represents a key factor in elucidating the much more complex condensed phase environments, a large number of experimental and theoretical studies have discussed the properties of gas-phase clusters of water with single negative ions such as OH{sup {minus}} or halide anions. Among the most important properties accessible both theoretically and experimentally are the incremental association energies of the clusters. These provide a measure of the combined strengths of the ion-water and water-water interactions in these clusters and serve as important benchmarks in the parameterization of interaction potentials used to model condensed phase processes. Ab initio calculations usually provide reliable estimates of the association energies in the absence of experimental data and can even assist in deciding between several sets of conflicting experimental data. In the present experiment, fluoride ions are produced by electron impact on gaseous difluoromethane. The ions are mass selected in a quadrupole mass spectrometer and injected into a high-pressure drift reaction cell filled with 1--5 Torr of water vapor at a temperature in the range between 400 and 800 K.
Neuroleptic withdrawal in schizophrenic patients. A review of the literature.

In the treatment of chronic schizophrenia, there are risks associated with both neuroleptic maintenance (eg, tardive dyskinesia) and neuroleptic withdrawal (eg, psychotic exacerbation or relapse). We reviewed 66 studies on neuroleptic withdrawal involving 4365 patients with schizophrenia. The mean cumulative relapse rate was 53% in patients withdrawn from neuroleptic therapy and 16% in those maintained on neuroleptic therapy over a mean follow-up period of 9.7 months. The relapse rate was positively associated with length of follow-up. Predictors of relapse reported in individual studies included younger age, higher baseline neuroleptic dosage, and shorter length of hospitalization. Adverse effects of neuroleptic withdrawal other than relapse were usually mild and transient. The risk-benefit ratio of neuroleptic maintenance vs withdrawal should be assessed carefully in individual patients. A slow taper to the lowest effective dosage may be the preferred strategy in many patients.
Dependence of the guinea pig IgE and IgE1 immune responses on the inclusion of potassium in the preparation of alum adjuvant

Primary immunization with alum prepared using AlK(SO4)2 and adjuvant enhanced IgE production in the guinea pig. Alum prepared from Al2 (SO4)3 showed greatly reduced IgE and IgG1 anti-EA titers. This variance in immunoglobulin titer was observed only in the guinea pig. Both rats and mice respond to alum preparations prepared from either AlK(SO4)2 or Al2(SO4)3 equally as well.
Neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists

On the basis of pharmacological observations, neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated to be involved in numerous physiological functions. Preliminary results suggest a wide therapeutic utility for NPY antagonists in disorders such as anxiety, appetite stimulation, obesity, alcohol intake, hypertension, and regulation of coronary tone. This review will focus on patent applications describing non-peptidic NPY ligands published over the last ten years. Primary publications will be incorporated where appropriate.