cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MS/MS Fragmentation Behavior Study of meso-Phenylporphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles and meso-Thienyl-Substituted Porphyrins

Free base and cobalt(II) complexes of six meso-tetraphenylporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles and of three meso-thienylporphyrins were investigated using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Their fragmentation was studied in a quadrupole ion trap as a function of the porphyrinoid macrocycle structure and compared with the fragmentation behavior of the benchmark compound meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. In situ oxidation of the neutral cobalt(II) complexes under ESI conditions produced singly charged cobalt(III) porphyrinoid ions; the free bases were ionized by protonation. For the porphyrinoids with an intact porphyrin core, the major fragmentation pathways observed were the losses of the meso-substituent (for meso-phenyl groups) and characteristic fragmentations of one or more meso-substituents (for the meso-thienyl group). Complex fragmentation pathways were observed for porphyrinoids with modifications to the porphyrin core but chemically reasonable structures could be assigned to most fragments, thus delineating general patterns for the behavior of pyrrole-modified porphyrins under CID conditions.
Elimination with Noninvertible Pivots

Abstract A method for carrying out the Gauss elimination solution of linear systems is presented. The novelty arises from the fact that the pivot matrices are not required to be invertible, so that, for example, a scalar pivot may be zero, and a matrix pivot may be rectangular or singular. The need to execute the elimination algorithm in such circumstances arose in connection with a finite element solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in velocity-pressure variables. This application is briefly discussed, as is a method for the implementation of the algorithm.
A parallel adaptive mesh method for the numerical simulation of multiphase flows

Abstract Methodology for performing large scale parallel numerical simulations of two-phase flow is presented that uses a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element method (FEM) solver, PHASTA, to perform the simulation and a parallel mesh adaptation code, phParAdapt, to iteratively refine and coarsen regions of the solution domain. This version of PHASTA uses a stabilized FEM to discretize the 3-D Incompressible Navier–Stokes (INS) equations plus a level set method to capture the two-phase interface. The phParAdapt code takes the current parallel mesh along with the PHASTA flow solution and, using various user-specified correction indicators as input, performs a parallel mesh refinement/coarsening procedure. Utilizing local mesh modification operators, element sizes are adjusted to equally distribute the errors across the distributed mesh during the mesh refinement/coarsening procedure. Numerical simulations ranging from simple canonical test problems up to an experimental annular steam/water flow condition were performed to illustrate this methodology. The annular flow simulation captured the instabilities that generate both the ripple and roll wave like structures on the steam/water interface and the droplet entrainment mechanisms expected in annular two-phase flows.
Gloria, Maerose, Irene, and Me: Mafia Women and Abject Spectatorship

cinema, the representation of femininity in cinematic discourse, and the construction of the desiring female spectator. Though this work has had profound effect on me intellectually, when I use it to "look at myself looking" at my favorite movies, I find that my subjective experience as a spectator is not adequately accounted for. I look as a lesbian-feminist, trained as a sociologist who scrutinizes ideology as it informs gender consciousness. The feminist discourse is psychoanalytically grounded, focused on narrative cinema's address to the dynamics of the unconscious. While this work is critical of a phallocratic system, its reliance on Freudian theory makes it unwillingly complicit in the reproduction of the categories of heterosexuality that are foundational to this system. A corrective to this discourse, one that would better account for conscious lesbian spectatorship, is necessary. I will argue that Adrienne Rich's concept, the "lesbian continuum," used as a basis for reading, provides the necessary corrective. It is assumed that with the exception of women's pictures, "the cinema constructs its spectator as the generic 'he' of language" (Doane 3). It contains built-in patterns of pleasure and identity that "impose masculinity as the "point-of-view" (Mulvey 29). The positions adopted by the spectator are understood to be basic, unconscious positions that establish the readability of the cinematic
The effect of incremental gamma-ray doses and incremental neutron fluences upon the performance of self-biased 10B-coated high-purity epitaxial GaAs thermal neutron detectors

Abstract High-purity epitaxial GaAs 10 B-coated thermal neutron detectors advantageously operate at room temperature without externally applied voltage. Sample detectors were systematically irradiated at fixed grid locations near the core of a 2 MW research reactor to determine their operational neutron dose threshold. Reactor pool locations were assigned so that fast and thermal neutron fluxes to the devices were similar. Neutron fluences ranged between 10 11 and 10 14 n/cm 2 . GaAs detectors were exposed to exponential fluences of base ten. Ten detector designs were irradiated and studied, differentiated between p–i–n diodes and Schottky barrier diodes. The irradiated 10 B-coated detectors were tested for neutron detection sensitivity in a thermalized neutron beam. Little damage was observed for detectors irradiated at neutron fluences of 10 12 n/cm 2 and below, but signals noticeably degraded at fluences of 10 13 n/cm 2 . Catastrophic damage was apparent for neutron fluences of 10 14 n/cm 2 . Comparison studies also included semi-insulating bulk GaAs thermal neutron detectors. It was observed that the SI bulk GaAs Schottky barrier detectors sustained the highest fluences prior to device failure. The main cause of detector failure was determined to result from the 10 B(n,α) 7 Li reaction product damage.
Synthesis of Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes with Phosphine or Substituted Cp Ligands, and Their Activity in the Catalytic Deoxygenation of 1,2-Propanediol

A ruthenium hydride with a bulky tetra-substituted Cp ligand, (CpiPr4)Ru(CO)2H (CpiPr4 = C5(i-C3H7)4H) was prepared from the reaction of Ru3(CO)12 with 1,2,3,4-tetraisopropylcyclopentadiene. The molecular structure of (CpiPr4)Ru(CO)2H was determined by X-ray crystallography. The ruthenium hydride complex (C5Bz5)Ru(CO)2H (Bz = CH2Ph) was similarly prepared. The Ru−Ru bonded dimer, [(1,2,3-trimethylindenyl)Ru(CO)2]2, was produced from the reaction of 1,2,3-trimethylindene with Ru3(CO)12, and protonation of this dimer with HOTf gives {[(1,2,3-trimethylindenyl)Ru(CO)2]2-(μ-H)}+OTf −. A series of ruthenium hydride complexes CpRu(CO)(L)H [L = P(OPh)3, PCy3, PMe3, P(p-C6H4F)3] were prepared by reaction of Cp(CO)2RuH with added L. Protonation of (CpiPr4)Ru(CO)2H, Cp*Ru(CO)2H, or CpRu(CO)[P-(OPh)3]H by HOTf at −80 °C led to equilibria with the cationic dihydrogen complexes, but H2 was released at higher temperatures. Protonation of CpRu[P(OPh)3]2H with HOTf gave an observable dihydrogen complex, {CpRu[P-(OPh)3]2(η...
Crosslinked polyvinylalcohol–polysiloxane/fumed silica mixed matrix membranes containing amines for CO2/H2 separation

Abstract CO2-selective membranes containing both amine carriers and fumed silica (FS) in crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(siloxane) (PVA–POS) (FS loading 22 wt%) were synthesized for CO2/H2 separation. The effects of temperature, feed pressure, gas relative humidities (or water contents) on the feed and sweep sides, crosslinking degree of PVA, and FS loading on transport properties including CO2 permeability, CO2/H2 selectivity, and H2 permeability, were investigated using a mixed gas containing 20% CO2 and 80% H2. The optimal temperature identified was 107 °C. The CO2 permeability and CO2/H2 selectivity typically increased with the relative humidities on the feed and sweep sides. Increasing the crosslinking degree of PVA slightly decreased the CO2 permeability. The CO2 permeability and CO2/H2 selectivity decreased with increasing feed pressure due to the carrier saturation phenomenon. The CO2/H2 selectivity increased by 33.8% from 65 to 87 as FS loading increased from 12 wt% to 22.3 wt% while CO2 permeability remained nearly constant at about 1130 Barrers. Further increase of FS loading decreased both CO2/H2 selectivity and CO2 permeability. At 107 °C and 220 psia, the membrane with 22.3 wt% FS loading showed the best performance with a CO2 permeability of 1296 Barrers (1 Barrer = 3.35 × 10−16 mol m/(m2 s Pa)) and a CO2/H2 selectivity of 87.
Altered hematopoietic stem cell development in male B6C3F1 mice following exposure to 1,3-butadiene

The effects of the murine lymphomagen, 1,3-butadiene (BD), on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells were examined in male B6C3F1 mice. Exposure to 1250 ppm BD for 6 weeks resulted in no demonstrable alteration in the frequency of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S); however, colonies derived from treated animals were smaller than those from controls. The absence of any difference in the frequency of CFU-GM after 6 weeks exposure suggests that BD produces an alteration in the relative proportion of immature to mature pluripotent stem cells in BD-exposed animals. This was confirmed by the examination of the effects of BD on stem cell development in long-term bone marrow culture. After 14 days, the number of CFU-GM derived from cultures of animals exposed for 6 weeks was reduced compared to controls. However, at 28 days an increase relative to controls was observed. This shift in the course of differentiation of the granulocyte/macrophage precursor cell, as assessed by the CFU-GM, provides further evidence that there is an increase in the relative frequency of primitive or immature stem cells in BD-treated mice. After a 30-31 week exposure to BD, a decrease in the numbers of both CFU-S and CFU-GM was observed. These findings indicate that BD causes alterations in stem cell development and suggest that alterations in bone marrow stem cells may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of BD-induced thymic lymphoma.
Fate of intraluminal glutamine in the perfused renal tubule

To determine the fate of intraluminal glutamine and specifically the role of brush border gamma glutamyltransferase in its hydrolysis and reabsorption, proximal convoluted tubules of rabbits were isolated and perfused with an artificial ultrafiltrate containing 1 mM 14C-glutamine and 3H-PEG as a volume absorption marker. The tubules, average length 0.80 +/- 0.09 mm, were bathed in perfusate containing albumin, 6.5 percent but no glutamine. Aliquots of collectate and bathing media were monitored for total 14C counts while the distribution of radioactive 14C between glutamine and glutamate in the collectate was determined by separation on a Dowex X8 formate form ion-exchange column. After 3 ten minute control periods the perfusate was switched to one containing 1 mM AT-125 in addition to glutamine and after equilibration an additional 3 collections were obtained. Control period glutamine load averaged 16.1 +/- 2.4 pmole/min of which 35 percent was absorbed and 38 and 27 percent excreted as glutamine and glutamate respectively; of the absorbed glutamine 25 percent was metabolized. During AT-125 administration, glutamine delivery averaged 15.0 +/- 2.1 pmole/min of which 57 percent was absorbed; increased absorption occurred at the expence of intraluminal glutamate formation which fell to less than 10 percent. Thus luminal transport and gamma glutamyltransferase mediated hydrolysis appear to compete for available glutamine. Significantly, reducing intraluminal glutamine hydrolysis doubles the cellular metabolism of absorbed glutamine suggesting that extracellular conversion of glutamine to glutamate alters the metabolic fate of filtered glutamine.
Effect of intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine on seizure susceptibility in rats

Abstract Rats with 60–70% deficits in brain catecholamines produced by the intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine were examined by 3 tests of seizure susceptibility. In all procedures (minimal and maximal electroshock and flurothyl convulsions) evidence for increased sensitivity to seizures was obtained. All the animals displayed normal rectal temperature at the times of seizure testing and normal blood chemistry at approximately the time of the third seizure test. These observations strengthen the widely held hypothesis that brain catecholaminergic neurons play a fundamental role in governing sensitivity to convulsions.
Food Habits, Length-Weight Relationship, and Condition Factor of the Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellata) in Southeastern Louisiana

Abstract A total of 349 adult red drum (Sciaenops ocellata) were collected from the coastal marsh below Hopedale in southeastern Louisiana, between October, 1967 and October, 1968. A total of 286 fish (82%) contained identifiable food items which were analyzed as to frequency of occurrence and percent of total volume. The main food items in order of occurrence were fish, shrimp, and crabs. Blue crabs, mud crabs, and penaeid shrimp were the crustaceans most frequently eaten, and at least 14 different species of fish were utilized to some degree. Food habits varied substantially from season to season. Fish was the main food item during winter and spring months. Crustaceans, crabs and shrimp combined comprised the bulk of the diet during the summer and fall months. Only slight differences in food habits were detected due to size or sex. Gonadal examination of eight adults indicated that spawning took place between September and December. The length-weight relationship and seasonal condition values were deter...
Convenient Preparation of [(n5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2] Anion Using Sodium Dispersion

Abstract The generation of [(n5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2] anion from [(n5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2] using commercially available sodium dispersion is reported. This procedure is significantly better than other methods used in the 1iterature. The usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated by the preparation of (n5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(SnPh3), (n5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2Me, and (n5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)(C(O)Me).
Active water in protein-protein communication within the membrane: the case of SRII-HtrII signal relay.

We detect internal water molecules in a membrane-embedded receptor−transducer complex and demonstrate water structure changes during formation of the signaling state. Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy reveals stimulus-induced repositioning of one or more structurally active water molecules to a significantly more hydrophobic environment in the signaling state of the sensory rhodopsin II (SRII)−transducer (HtrII) complex. These waters, distinct from bound water molecules within the SRII receptor, appear to be in the middle of the transmembrane interface region near the Tyr199(SRII)−Asn74(HtrII) hydrogen bond. We conclude that water potentially plays an important role in the SRII → HtrII signal transfer mechanism in the membrane’s hydrophobic core.
Emergence of direction- and orientation-selectivity and othercomplex structures from stochastic neuronal networks evolving under STDP

We consider neuronal network models with plasticity and randomness and show that complicated global structures can evolve even in the presence of simple local update rules. Our computational model generates several interesting features; e.g. orientation- and direction-selectivity when the inputs are arranged in a manner analogous to a visual field. Our model is a discrete-time Markov chain which contains multiple excitatory and inhibitory input neurons, and has as outputs stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire neurons; the system evolves through the plasticity of the synapses, updated according to a spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) rule. We observe that the network is capable of rich properties (e.g. bifurcation, various forms of stability, etc) that depend on the statistics of the stimulus and the coupling parameters in the network. Since we are using a mechanism that can be easily modeled mathematically, we believe that this approach provides a well-positioned balance between neuro-biological relevance and theoretical tractability.
A fluorescence microassay for the quantitation of integrin-mediated adhesion of neutrophil.

Abstract The avidity of leukocyte integrin CR3 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18, α m β 2 ) on neutrophils (PMN) may be rapidly modulated by several agonists. We describe a method for determining the avidity of these receptors by measuring the adhesion of PMN to fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Cells are loaded with a succinimidyl ester of carboxyfluorescein diacetate, which is deacetylated by intracellular esterases yielding a highly fluorescent carboxyfluorescein that remains trapped within the PMN. The number of cells adhering to fibrinogen-coated wells of Terasaki microplates is quantitated with a fluorescence plate reader. Stimulation of PMN with a number of agonists, including PMA, fNLLP, Ca-ionophore A23187, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor and lipopolysaccharide strongly increased adhesion to fibrinogen, which was CD11b/CD18 dependent. The extent of cell adhesion depended on stimulus concentration and incubation time. This assay requires little time, utilizes small numbers of cells and does not require hazardous reagents.
GROUP PRESSURE AND ACTION AGAINST A PERSON.

A distinction is made between action conformity and signal conformity; the former refers to group-induced behavior that has more than an informational impact on the environment. A study of action conformity is described in which the effects of group pressure are measured by comparing the amount of electric shock administered by a naive S to a person, under experimental and control conditions. In the experimental condition the S performs in the midst of 2 confederates who call for increasingly more powerful shocks against a victim. The naive S has control over the level of shock and can hold down the punishment or yield to group influence. In the course of 30 critical trials the mean shock levels rise in response to the confederates' pressure. The structure of the experimental situation is examined by a comparison with Asch's study of verbal compliance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
The TREC to less CMV after UCBT

In this issue of Blood, Brown and colleagues demonstrate the importance of thymic recovery and T-cell reconstitution in CMV-specific immunity after allogeneic UCB transplantation.
A New Reactor Safety Circuit for Low-Power-Level Operation

In the operation of nuclear reactors at low-power levels, one of the primary instrumentation problems is that the statistical fluctuations of reactor neutron population are accentuated by conventional log-count-rate and differentiating circuits and can cause frequent spurious scrams unless long time constants are incorporated in the circuit. Excessive time constants may introduce undesirable delay in the circuit response to legitimate scram signals. This paper develops the concept of a count doubling-time monitor which generates a scram signal if the number of counts from a pulse type neutron detector doubles in a given period of time. The paper demonstrates the theoretical relation between count doubling time and asymptomatic periods. A practical circuit to implement the function is described.
Designing Wireless Networks to Support the Data Rate Requirements of Heathcare Systems

The proliferation of cellular networks is enabling the penetration of low-cost mobile devices and the development of pervasive, quality healthcare systems. Through mobile stations, sensing devices performing monitoring functions can send patient information directly to physicians and other healthcare providers at remote hospitals and clinics - reducing the need to travel. However, current wireless systems are designed to support voice and small data transactions. To support the movement of large amounts of data in a timely fashion, we need a network design to match the growing needs of both healthcare and the general wireless applications sharing the same network. In this paper, we present a model of users and their data rate requirements that is suited to the demand-based network design
An investigation of the association between omega 3 FA and bone mineral density among older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 2005–2008.

Summary The relation of omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) with bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed among adults >60 years; NHANES data (2005–2008). The association of dietary n-3 FA with measures of hip BMD was equivocal, but n-3 FA supplement use was significantly associated with higher spine BMD—a finding that deserves further study.
Effect of KW-3902, a novel adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, on sodium-dependent phosphate and glucose transport by the rat renal proximal tubular cell

KW-3902, 1,3-dipropyl-8-(3-noradamantanyl)xanthine, is a novel potent and selective adenosine A1-receptor antagonist. KW-3902 has been found to cause significant diuresis and natriuresis. To investigate the action of this adenosine A1-receptor antagonist on phosphate transport in renal proximal tubular cells, we studied its effect on the uptake of phosphate by the cultured rat renal proximal tubular cell. KW-3902 significantly inhibited sodium-dependent uptake of phosphate at 10 minutes. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent with maximum effect achieved at a KW-3902 concentration of 3 x 10(-5) M in the uptake media. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, of KW-3902 on phosphate uptake was 2 x 10(-6) M. Dixon plot analysis of the uptake data was consistent with pure non-competitive inhibition. The inhibition constant, Ki, of 6.2 x 10(-6) M for phosphate transport, derived from the Dixon plot, was in close agreement with the IC50 calculated from a semilog dose response curve. Sodium-dependent glucose transport was not affected by KW-3902. These findings reveal that KW-3902 has a direct and specific inhibitory effect on phosphate uptake in renal proximal tubules.
Amplitude Versus Offset: The Transfer of a Complex Technology

Energy partitioning at an interface has only been exploited in exploration seismology in the last decade, Two basic elements had to be in place before this potentially important technique could be brought into the explorationists tool-bag. First, there had to be practical case histories using reflection seismology and, second, the tools and procedures necessary to use the technique had to be available to those in affiliate offices.
High resolution absorption cross-sections and band oscillator strengths of the Schumann-Runge bands of oxygen at 79 K

Cross sections of O2 at 79 K have been obtained from photoabsorption measurements at various pressures throughout the wavelength region 179.3-198.0 nm with a 6.65-m photoelectric scanning spectrometer equipped with a 2400-lines/mm grating and having an instrumental width (FWHM) of 0.0013 nm. The measured absorption cross sections of the Schumann-Runge bands (12,0) through (2,0) are independent of the instrumental width. The measured cross-sections are presented graphically here and are available at wavenumber intervals of about 0.1/cm as numerical compilations stored on magnetic tape from the National Space Science Data Center, NASA/Goddard. Band oscillator strengths of these bands have been determined by direct numerical integration of the measured cross sections.
Genetic knockouts in mice: an update.

Gene disruption technology in mammals, by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, is a powerful method to manipulate the mouse germ line. In the past decade it has produced a wealth of knowledge concerning neuronal development, neurodegenerative disorders and the roles of oncogenes, Hox genes and growth factors during development. A surprising variety of genes, however, have given unexpected and disappointing results. A gene/function redundancy theory proposed by many investigators to explain the unexpected results has been supported in certain cases by the generation of double knockout mice. Modification of the basic technology now allows the investigators to carry out a variety of manipulations including conditional or tissue-specific knockout. This may provide a better opportunity in the future for the gene therapy approach to correct the genetic disorder.
The effect of platelet inhibitors on glycoprotein V hydrolysis by thrombin.

Abstract Platelet membrane glycoprotein V (GPV) is hydrolyzed during thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether cleavage of GPV was a direct result of thrombin action or was secondary to platelet activation. Acetylsalicylic acid or vincristine had little or no effect on platelet activation or cleavage of GPV by thrombin. Prostacyclin or antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose inhibited platelet activation but had no effect on hydrolysis of GPV. These findings suggest that the hydrolysis of GPV occurs independently of the biochemical and morphological changes associated with platelet activation and is therefore a direct effect of thrombin.
Asymmetries in charm production in fixed-target experiments

From the experimentalist’s viewpoint the measurement of charm production asymmetries, the ratio of charm production cross-sections for particle and anti-particle, is a very productive field. Accurate measurements can be made that are largely free of systematic errors, and since leading-order QCD calculations produce no asymmetry, these measurements test fragmentation and other effects. Simple phenomenological models explain the gross features of the data, while a variety of more detailed models attempt to fit the rich details of the present data samples. This paper will briefly highlight the differences among a few of the theoretical models, and include a brief history of recent experimental measurements. New measurements from present experiments will be presented in more detail, with an emphasis on recent results from WA89, E687 and E791. This will be followed by a short summary of results expected in the near future from these and similar experiments, and by a shorter preview of the improvements expected in the next decade.
Highly concentrated seismicity caused by deformation of Kilauea's deep magma system

FREQUENT shallow earthquakes within the rift zones of the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea have been interpreted as resulting from stress changes associated with a shallow magma conduit system1,2. Here, by using a precise earthquake relocation technique3, we show that what had been imaged as a diffuse cloud of seismicity in the Upper East Rift in 1991 is in fact a narrow ribbon, defining vertical strike-slip faults that extend 2.5km along the rift, but less than 100 to 200 m vertically. This extreme aspect ratio in the seismicity is unexpected and has not been recognized in other fault systems. The observed earthquake depths, left-lateral focal mechanisms, limited vertical extent and increasing moment release rate since 1983 can be explained in terms of a growing stress concentration above the deeper, aseismic portion of Kilauea's rift system, which deforms in response to the seaward displacement of the south flank of the volcano. The shallow background seismicity within Kilauea's rifts can therefore be tied to large-scale motions of the volcanic edifice, and need not be interpreted as resulting from magma migration. The observed pattern of seismicity may also have implications for the mechanical erosion of locked patches along major strike-slip faults elsewhere.
Liberalism, Populism, and Collective Choice

This paper examines how the problem of cyclical majorities affects the logical structure of the liberal model of democracy. I argue that Riker's (1982) defense of liberalism is unsatisfying in that...
Bealer and the autonomy of philosophy

George Bealer has provided an elaborate defense of the practice of appealing to intuition in philosophy. In the present paper, I argue that his defense fails. First, I argue that Bealer’s theory of determinate concept possession, even if true, would not establish the “autonomy” of philosophy. That is, even if he is correct about what determinate concept possession consists in, it would not follow that it is possible to answer the central questions of philosophy by critical reflection on our intuitions. Furthermore, I argue that Bealer’s account of determinate concept possession in fact faces serious problems. Accordingly, I conclude that Bealer does not succeed in vindicating the appeal to intuition in philosophy.
Correlation of On-Die capacitance for power delivery network

On-die capacitance is critical parameter in power delivery analysis and design, which impacts design cost and system performance. To improve modeling accuracy, correlation was studied for on-die capacitance among internal algorithm/tool, on-die PDA, Apachepsilas RedHawk and lab measurement. Internal tool, on-die PDA is a tool to automatically simulate on-die models including Cdie, Rdie and Icc(t). RedHawk is a commercial tool by Apache Design Solution Inc. to simulate silicon power/ground noise, and generate on-die models with chip power model (CPM) feature. Measurement was conducted in frequency domain by VNA. In general, three approaches agree with each other reasonably, however, discrepancies come from the limitations of the methods. In this paper, the procedures of these 3 approaches are described. The pros and cons are analyzed, and recommendations are proposed.
Rare Example of a Protein where an Isolated Domain is More Stable than the Full-Length

Studying the contribution of individual domains to protein structure and function is of considerable interest over the years. Domains are in general less stable than the corresponding full-length proteins. Here, we report an exceptional case of utrophin tandem calponin-homology (CH) domain. Isolated C-terminal CH domain (CH2) is both thermodynamically and kinetically more stable than the full-length tandem CH domain. Reversible, equilibrium denaturant melts using both circular dichroism and protein fluorescence signals show that the CH2 is thermodynamically more stable by 4.0 kcal/mol when compared with the full-length tandem CH domain. Thermal melts indicate that CH2 unfolds at a higher temperature (15°C) than the full-length protein. Stopped-flow kinetics indicate that the CH2 unfolds slower (by 3 times) and folds faster (by 7 times) than the full-length protein, suggesting the higher kinetic stability of CH2. Analytical ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering show that both CH2 and the full-length protein are monomers in solution, confirming that the higher stability of CH2 is not due to formation of oligomers. Thus, the utrophin tandem CH domain is a rare example in which an isolated domain is more stable than the corresponding full-length protein.
Predicting human observer performance with response equivalent delta-T

Blackwell described observer performance in terms of three variables: target size, contrast, and overall brightness. However, Blackwell's experiments involved uniform targets and backgrounds. Formulations for effective contrast to enable applying his data to generalized problems have resulted in substantial differences between observed and expected results. Response equivalent delta-T (REDT) is designed to solve this problem. REDT is a contrast metric that is defined in terms of the distance between a signature point and an experimentally derived threshold response surface. It provides more realistic predictions of target detectability than more customary contrast metrics in many situations involving nonuniform targets and backgrounds. In an appropriately controlled experiment, a correlation coefficient of 0.982 is obtained between observer data and REDT values. Although REDT has not been demonstrated to significantly outperform other contrast metrics in realistic applications, the scatter in such data can be understood in terms of uncontrolled variations in clutter, target size, and second-order image statistics, which describe texture. Gray-level cooccurrence matrices provide a plausible tool for understanding situations in which REDT fails to perform well. REDT is most appropriate when targets are small, resolution is low, and clutter is moderate to high.
Mesenchymal stem cells promote the sustained expression of CD69 on activated T lymphocytes: roles of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signalling

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to induce the conversion of activated T cells into regulatory T cells in vitro. The marker CD69 is a target of canonical nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling and is transiently expressed upon activation; however, stable CD69 expression defines cells with immunoregulatory properties. Given its enormous therapeutic potential, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory cells by MSCs. Peripheral blood CD3+ T cells were activated and cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs. CD4+ cell mRNA expression was then characterized by microarray analysis. The drug BAY11-7082 (BAY) and a siRNA against v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) were used to explore the differential roles of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signalling, respectively. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used for analyses. Genes with immunoregulatory functions, CD69 and non-canonical NF-κB subunits (RELB and NFKB2) were all expressed at higher levels in lymphocytes co-cultured with MSCs. The frequency of CD69+ cells among lymphocytes cultured alone progressively decreased after activation. In contrast, the frequency of CD69+ cells increased significantly following activation in lymphocytes co-cultured with MSCs. Inhibition of canonical NF-κB signalling by BAY immediately following activation blocked the induction of CD69; however, inhibition of canonical NF-κB signalling on the third day further induced the expression of CD69. Furthermore, late expression of CD69 was inhibited by RELB siRNA. These results indicate that the canonical NF-κB pathway controls the early expression of CD69 after activation; however, in an immunoregulatory context, late and sustained CD69 expression is promoted by the non-canonical pathway and is inhibited by canonical NF-κB signalling.
Using bridging analogies and anchoring intuitions to deal with students' preconceptions in physics

Lessons were designed to deal with students' alternative conceptions in three areas of mechanics: static normal forces, frictional forces, and Newton's third law for moving objects. Instructional techniques such as class discussions of the validity of an analogy between a target problem and an intuitive anchoring example, and forming a structured chain of intermediate bridging analogies were used. There were large differences in pre–posttest gains in favor of the experimental group. In formulating a model of learning processes that can explain these results, it is argued that (a) the lessons have a more complex structure than a simple model of analogy use; (b) rational methods using analogy and other plausible reasoning processes that are neither proof based nor directly empirical can play a very important role in science instruction; (c) much more effort than is usually allocated should be focused on helping students to make sense of an analogy; and (d) researchers and curriculum developers should be focusing at least as much attention on students' useful prior knowledge as they are on students' alternative conceptions.
Nickel dendrites: a new failure mechanism in ceramic hermetic packages

A new failure mechanism, nickel dendrites, was identified in hermetic ceramic packages. Nickel dendrites resulted from an unauthorized change in the supplier's assembly process. The change caused lots to be produced with package ambient moisture levels ranging from 10% by volume to 20% by volume. Device cooling in the system application reduced the package temperature below the dew point of the internal package ambient and allowed water to condense. The liquid water absorbed materials from the ambient atmosphere and reacted with the nickel underplating of the package conductors. Normal operating voltages provided the electrical potential necessary for the growth of nickel dendrites. Burn-in was not effective in screening out this failure mechanism because temperature during burn-in was above the dew point of the package ambient. The supplier revised their assembly procedures to prevent unauthorized process changes of this type. UNISYS purged all devices in the suspect date code range from the factory and field inventory. Corrective actions were implemented by UNISYS and the supplier with the result that this failure mechanism was eliminated from both field and factory. The nickel dendrite failure mechanism has not been reported in any literature. Hermetic ceramic packaging is widely used. The existence of a new failure mechanism has tremendous potential impact on product reliability, process controls, reliability prediction, and failure analysis.
Discrimination Nets as Psychological Models

Simulations of human cognitive processes often employ discrimination nets to model the access of permanent memory. We consider two types of discrimination nets—EPAM and positive-proper-only nets—and argue that they have insufficient psychological validity. Their deficiencies arise from negative properties, insufficient sensitivity to the discriminativeness of properties, extreme sensitivity to missing or incorrect properties, inefficiency in representing multiple knowledge domains, and seriality. We argue that these deficiencies stem from a high degree of test contingency in utilizing property information during acquisition and memory search. Discrimination nets are compared to other models that have less or no test contingency (e.g., PANDEMONIUM) and that thereby avoid the problems of discrimination nets. We propose that understanding test contingency and discovering psychologically valid ways to implement it will be central to understanding and simulating memory indexing in human cognition.
Gynecologic Malignancies Post-LeFort Colpocleisis

Introduction. LeFort colpocleisis (LFC) is a safe and effective obliterative surgical option for older women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse who no longer desire coital activity. A major disadvantage is the limited ability to evaluate for post-LFC gynecologic malignancies. Methods. We present the first case of endometrioid ovarian cancer diagnosed after LFC and review all reported gynecologic malignancies post-LFC in the English medical literature. Results. This is the second reported ovarian cancer post-LFC and the first of the endometrioid subtype. A total of nine other gynecologic malignancies post-LFC have been reported in the English medical literature. Conclusions. Gynecologic malignancies post-LFC are rare. We propose a simple 3-step strategy in evaluating post-LFC malignancies.
Reflections on the foundations of system dynamics

Jay W. Forrester’s original statement of the foundations of system dynamics emphasized four‘threads’: computing technology,computersimulation,strategicdecisionmaking,andtheroleoffeedbackincomplexsystems. Subsequent work has expanded on these to expose the significance in the system dynamics approach of dynamic thinking, stock‐ and‐flow thinking, operational thinking, and so on. But the foundation of systems thinking and system dynamics lies deeper than these and is often implicit or even ignored: it is the“endogenous point of view”. The paper begins with historical background, clarifies the endogenous point of view, illustrates with examples, and argues that the endogenous point of view is thesine qua nonof systems approaches. What expert systems teachers and practitioners have to offer their students and the world is a set of tools, habits of thought, and skills enabling the discovery and understanding of endogenous sources of complex system behavior. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society. Syst. Dyn. Rev.27, 219‐243 (2011)
Differential Importin-α Recognition and Nuclear Transport by Nuclear Localization Signals within the High-Mobility-Group DNA Binding Domains of Lymphoid Enhancer Factor 1 and T-Cell Factor 1

The transcription factor lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) is directed to the nucleus by a nine-amino-acid nuclear localization signal (NLS; KKKKRKREK) located in the high-mobility-group DNA binding domain. This NLS is recognized by two armadillo repeat proteins (pendulin/Rch1/α-P1/hSrp1α and Srp1/karyopherin-α/α-S1/NPI-1) which function in nuclear transport as the importin-α subunit of NLS receptors. T-cell factor 1 (TCF-1), a related transcription factor, contains a similar sequence (KKKRRSREK) in the identical position within its HMG DNA binding domain. We show that this sequence functions as an NLS in vivo but is not recognized by these two importin-α subtypes in a yeast two-hybrid assay and only weakly recognized in an in vitro binding assay. Transfer of the LEF-1 NLS to TCF-1 can confer pendulin/Rch1 binding, demonstrating that the NLS is the primary determinant for recognition. We have constructed a set of deletion mutations in pendulin/Rch1 to examine the differential NLS recognition more closely. We find that the entire armadillo repeat array of pendulin/Rch1 is necessary to maintain high affinity and specificity for the LEF-1 NLS versus the TCF-1 NLS. Importin-β, the second subunit of the NLS receptor complex, does not influence in vitro NLS binding affinity or specificity. To test whether this differential recognition is indicative of distinct mechanisms of nuclear transport, the subcellular localization of LEF-1 and TCF-1 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP)) was examined in an in vitro nuclear transport assay. GFP–LEF-1 readily localizes to the nucleus, whereas GFP–TCF-1 remains in the cytoplasm. Thus, LEF-1 and TCF-1 differ in several aspects of nuclear localization.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation for Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Background— The pulmonary veins (PVs) have been demonstrated to often play an important role in generating atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of segmental PV isolation in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF. Methods and Results— In 70 consecutive patients (mean age, 53±11 years) with paroxysmal (58) or persistent (12) AF, segmental PV isolation guided by ostial PV potentials was performed. The left superior, left inferior, and right superior PVs were targeted for isolation in all patients, and the right inferior PV was isolated in 20 patients. Among the 230 targeted PVs, 217 (94%) were completely isolated, with a mean of 6.5±4.2 minutes of radiofrequency energy applied at a maximum power setting of 35 W. A second PV isolation procedure was performed in 6 patients (9%). At 5 months of follow-up, 70% of patients with paroxysmal and 22% of patients with persistent AF were free from recurrent AF (P<0.001), and 83% of patients with paroxysmal AF w...
Education for Work: A Review Essay of Historical, Cross‐Cultural, and Disciplinary Perspectives on Vocational Education

In this review essay, [the author] uses three recent publications to consider the question of how to educate young people for work and career. Historically, this question has been central to vocational education, and it is receiving renewed attention in the context of concerns over the ability of schools to provide adequate preparation for occupational roles and career success in a rapidly changing economic landscape. Philipp Gonon's 'Quest for modern vocational education' provides a historical account of Georg Kerschensteiner's vision of the role of work as a central subject matter for all students. His approach served as the foundation for the dual system in present-day Germany. Nancy Hoffman's 'Schooling in the workplace' contrasts the US system of career preparation for non-college-bound students with that of five other OECD nations where workforce and academic preparation are more strongly connected to learning in the workplace. Christopher Winch's 'Dimensions of expertise', finally, offers a conceptual analysis of central ideas of vocational knowledge and underscores the important role of learning in the context of practice. The three texts offer historical, comparative, and philosophical analyses of the complex task of preparation for work and challenge education scholars to move the subject matter into the center of contemporary educational theory.
Effects of Shear Stress on Leukocyte Adhesion

Neutrophils have been observed rolling along the luminal surface of endothelium in small venules (Atherton and Born, 1972, 1973; Fiebig et al., 1991; Ley et al., 1989, 1991a). In the early stages of acute inflammation this phenomenon is markedly increased (House and Lipowsky, 1987; Zimmerman and Granger, 1990; Kubes et al., 1990; Hernandez et al., 1987), and the rolling cells frequently stop, change shape, and emigrate into the surrounding tissue. Arfors et al., (1987) initially raised the possibility that the mechanisms accounting for the rolling phenomenon are different from those causing stationary adhesion and emigration. They observed, in a study on the effects of anti-CD 18 monoclonal antibody 60.3 in a rabbit model of inflammation, that the systemic administration of this antibody prevented neutrophils from stopping and transmigrating, but the rolling behavior of these cells was apparently unaffected. Lawrence et al., (1990) used a parallel plate flow chamber in vitro to stimulate some of the forces affecting neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, and assessed the ability of isolated neutrophils to adhere while flowing past a confluent monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). They demonstrated that in this flow system, few neutrophils interacted with the HUVEC monolayer even at wall shear stresses much lower than those predicted to occur in vivo.
Renewed Seismicity near Monticello Reservoir, South Carolina, 1996–1999

A surprising increase in seismicity started in and around Monticello Reservoir, South Carolina in December 1996, and by the end of 1999, over 700 earthquakes with –0.4 ≤ M L ≤ 2.5 had been located. This seismicity occurred in a new hypocentral region and filled the gaps in earlier seismicity at depths shallower than 2 km. The seismicity occurred in four episodes each with at least one earthquake of magnitude M L ∼ 2.0. The new seismicity started at depths of 0.8–2 km within a previously a seismic granofel body and in its surrounding volume (episodes I and II). Episode III began more than a year later and also occurred in granofels. It was located to the east of the first two episodes and at shallower depths (from the surface to ∼1.4 km deep). The seismicity then migrated less than 1 km to the north and south and occurred in granodiorites (episode IV). We speculate that the rocks in the new hypocentral regions were isolated from the regions of earlier seismicity by fractures filled with zeolites. Twenty years of reaction with water led to the reopening and weakening of the zeolite-filled fractures, allowing fluids to enter the previously aseismic regions and triggering these episodes of intense seismicity. We suggest that pore pressure migration was associated with these episodes of seismicity. Each of the four episodes was associated with two stages with different temporal and spatial patterns. In the first stage, there was a rapid increase in seismicity in a small volume. We interpret this to be associated with a rapid build-up of pore pressure. In the second stage the seismicity spread, and its activity rate decayed. We interpret this stage to be associated with the equilibration of pore pressure.