cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overview of the β Thalassemias: Genetic and Clinical Aspects

There has been much progress in basic studies of the β-thalassemia disorders in recent years, as well as in the practical aspects of prenatal diagnosis and clinical management. Alterations in a single or a few nucleotides account for most of the types of β-thalassemia syndromes that have been characterized, and a variety of deletions have been found associated with βO thalassemia, δβ thalassemia, γδβ thalassemia, and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). Studies of nondeletional types of HPFH have revealed several single base changes 5′ to the Gγ and Aγ genes, suggesting that these regions may be of major importance in the switchover from fetal to adult hemoglobin synthesis and in the relative production of the Gγ and Aγ globin chains during development. Evaluation of restriction enzyme polymorphisms and the assignment of haplotypes in the β-like globin region of chromosome 11 have allowed delineation of the origin and distribution of thalassemia mutations, and have provided an important mean...
We're All in This Together: Moving Toward an Interdisciplinary Model of Practice Between Child Protection and Substance Abuse Treatment Professionals

Many studies have documented the deleterious effect of substance abuse on the child protection system. The lack of collaboration between child protection and substance abuse treatment professionals has been identified as a contributing factor related to poor outcomes among parents with histories of addiction. The purpose of this study was to identify key components and conflicts of interdisciplinary practice between 21 child protection and substance abuse treatment professionals. The interdisciplinary components and conflicts were: having a shared vision, presenting as a unified team, having different goals, taking sides, and limited information sharing and involvement. Moving toward an interdisciplinary model of practice is vital to providing families with histories of addiction with the optimal chance for success.
A program for the control of an image analysis system used in in vitro assays of cell-mediated immunity

A program for automated control of cell enumeration, microscope stage and focus adjustment and statistical analysis of data is described. The program is designed to run on an Hewlett-Packard 9835A desktop computer programmable in Hewlett-Packard Enhanced BASIC.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate quantification in organic wastes and pure cultures using a single-step extraction and 1H NMR analysis

In this study, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) method was developed to quantitatively analyze polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) content in Cupriavidus necator H16, Azotobacter vinelandii AvOP, and mixed microbial cultures from the effluent of an agricultural waste treatment anaerobic digester. In contrast to previous methods, a single-step PHA extractive method using deuterated chloroform was established, thereby facilitating direct 1 H NMR analysis. The accuracy of the method was verified through comparison with well-established gas chromatography (GC) methanolysis techniques. Nile blue fluorescence staining was also carried out to serve as an independent and qualitative indicator of intracellular PHA content. The results indicate that the 1 H NMR method is appropriate for rapid and non-destructive quantification of overall PHA content and determination of PHA copolymer composition in a variety of cultures. Notably, this technique was effective in measuring PHA content in full-strength waste samples where high concentrations of background impurities and organic compounds are present. The straightforward procedures minimize error-introducing steps, require less time and materials, and result in an accurate method suitable for routine analyses.
Reimagining Contexts: Art, Authenticity, and Identity Among Female Artisans in India

This article focuses on the efforts of three NGOs in the Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat working with female artisans in the region. In the process of empowering women both financially and socially through the marketing and modification of their products for the upscale Indian and global consumer, adjustments to the traditional value, meaning, and use of these products bring into question the “authenticity” of the art in the “reimagined contexts” of the marketplace. The authors argue that the most successful NGOs working in this capacity are those that allow women the greatest opportunities for authority over their art in an expanded commercial environment.
A Source of the Immiscibility Controversy of Borate and Borosilicate Glass Systems

Because phase separation affects glass properties such as chemical durability, it is important to clarify this phenomenon, especially the immiscibility boundaries. Despite extensive investigation, controversy persists in regard to the immiscibility boundary of borate and borosilicate systems. The controversy has been suggested to originate from a change in glass structure with heat-treatment temperature or fictive temperature, which, in turn, causes a change in the immiscibility tendency.
Transport of Intense Ion Beams

The possibility of using intense bursts of heavy ions to initiate an inertially confined fusion reaction has stimulated interest in the transport of intense unneutralized heavy ion beams by quadrupole or solenoid systems. We have examined this problem in somne detail, using numerical integration of the coupled envelope equations for the quadrupole case. The general relations which emerge are used to develop examples of high energy transport systems and as a basis for discussing the limitations imposed by a transport system on achievable intensities for initial acceleration.
North Dakota's Lodgepole Play: A Look at the Reservoir and Producing Characteristics

In 1993, Conoco discovered the first commercial hydrocarbon reservoir in Lodgepole Waulsortian mounds in North Dakota. Delineation, based on 2D seismic and proximity to successful wells, and then unitization of the Dickinson Lodgepole Unit (DLU), quickly followed. Conoco and other operators acquired several 3D seismic surveys in and around the Dickinson area following the discovery. However, the play did not expand until almost two years later, when Duncan Oil completed a second Lodgepole discovery just three miles from the DLU. The Dickinson area now has nine productive Lodgepole fields. This has been a highly competitive play, because the IP of a Lodgepole well can exceed 1000 BOPD, usually water-free, and individual wells can produce more than 1 million barrels of oil. Production is from low porosity (5%) Waulsortian mounds, which range between 250 to 320 ft. thick and have oil columns up to 180 ft. These reservoirs have a heterogeneous internal architecture, related both to original depositional geometry and facies, as well as diagenetic alteration. The mounds in the Dickinson subsurface have been through multi-stage diagenesis and fracturing, which has created an excellent dual porosity system. The mounds' internal architecture is therefore difficult to predict. However, the location and gross morphology of the mounds can be determined fairly well from 3D seismic, which is a very good tool for both exploration and development These reservoirs are excellent candidates for secondary recovery. All of the Dickinson area Lodgepole reservoirs are either currently under waterflood, or are in the process of being unitized so that water injection can begin in the near future. Primary recovery has been estimated at approximately 28%, and secondary recovery is likely to be 13% or higher. With total original oil-in-place estimates of 70 to 100 million barrels for the Dickinson area mounds, the Lodgepole presents a very attractive exploration target.
The relationship between physical observables and the potential energy surface in the He-HF system

Abstract This paper examines the effect of infinitesimal functional variations in a rigid rotor He-HF potential surface on several different types of observables: inelastic cross sections, rate constants, and rotational energy level populations. The dynamics and kinetic observables studied were found to be sensitive to a large number of Legendre components of the potential with the region of highest sensitivity dependent upon the energy or temperature as well as the states related by the individual observable. Sensitivity to the entire surface tends to show a large degree of structure due to competition among sensitivities to the individual potential components. Significant information loss has been observed in the transition from microscopic to macroscopic observables.
Ethics and the Auditing Culture: Rethinking the Foundation of Accounting and Auditing

Although the foundation of financial accounting and auditing has traditionally been based upon a rule-based framework, the concept of a principle-based approach has been periodically advocated since being incorporated into the AICPA Code of Conduct in 1989. Recent high profile events indicate that the accountants and auditors involved have followed rule-based ethical perspectives and have failed to protect investors and stakeholders – resulting in a wave of scandals and charges of unethical conduct. In this paper we describe how the rule-based traditions of auditing became a convenient vehicle that perpetuated the unethical conduct of firms such as Enron and Arthur Andersen. We present a model of ten ethical perspectives and briefly describe how these ten ethical perspectives impact rule-based and principle-based ethical conduct for accountants and auditors. We conclude by identifying six specific suggestions that the accounting and auditing profession should consider to restore public trust and to improve the ethical conduct of accountants and auditors.
ESR correlation times of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidone-N-oxyl (tempone) in solutions of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S

Abstract Correlation times for the tumbling motion of the spin probe 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl piperidone- N -oxyl (Tempone) were obtained in the presence of different concentrations of oxyhemoglobin A, oxyhemoglobin S, and deoxyhemoglobin S and compared to the viscosity of non-gelling hemoglobin solutions. Reorientational motion (or tumbling) of Tempone in gelled solutions of deoxyhemoglobin S is as great as that in non-gelled hemoglobins of the same total concentration. It is concluded that the gel does not exclusively partition Tempone into an aqueous phase of lower solute concentration after gel formation. The gel at room temperature is a highly mobile and dynamic structure on the microscopic level.
Separation of alcohol-soluble proteins (zeins) from maize into three fractions by differential solubility.

The prolamin of maize (Zea mays L.), zein, was extracted from endosperm meal with 60% (v/v) 2-propanol/1% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol either directly or subsequent to extraction with 90% (v/v) 2-propanol. The zein extracted with 90% 2-propanol was essentially made up of 20 to 24 kilodalton polypeptides (α-zein) while that extractable with 60% 2-propanol/1% 2-mercaptoethanol contained, in addition to α-zein, 17 to 18 kilodalton methionine-rich polypeptides and a 27 kilodalton proline-rich polypeptide. While zein was separated into three fractions by differential solubility in 90% 2-propanol and 30% 2-propanol/30 millimolar sodium acetate (pH 6) using two different fractionation protocols. Each of the three solubility fractions (SF1, SF2, and SF3) had a unique polypeptide composition. Based on results obtained from two inbreds, K55 and W64A, the SF1 constituted 75 to 80% of the total zein and included as major components 20 to 24 kilodalton polypeptides and a minor 10 kilodalton polypeptide. The SF2 made up 10 to 15% of the total zein and included exclusively 17 to 18 kD methionine-rich polypeptides. A 27 kilodalton proline-rich component constituted the SF3 and contributed 5 to 10% to total zein.
The Conversion of Izates and Galatians 2:11-14

But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face because he stood self-condemned. For before certain people came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. After they came, however, he drew back and kept himself separate for fear of the circumcision faction. And the other Jews joined him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray by their hypocrisy. But when I saw that they were not acting consistently with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of all of them, "If you, a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how is it that you force the Gentiles to become Jews?" (Galatians 2.11-14)
Elementary steps in the DNA polymerase I reaction pathway.

The polymerization reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I) has been studied by using the homopolymer template-primer system poly(dA).oligo(dT). Isotope-partitioning experiments indicate that the reaction follows an ordered mechanism in which Pol I first combines with template-primer to form an E.poly complex followed by addition of MgTTP and catalysis. The parameters governing the binding of Pol I to the template-primer are kon = 1.2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1, koff = 0.25 s-1, and KD = 2 X 10(-7) M. Efforts to demonstrate the catalytic competence of the binary E.MgTTP complex were unsuccessful. Following initiation of the catalytic cycle, Pol I catalyzes the incorporation of an average of 40-50 TTP molecules into polymer before dissociating from the template-primer. The processive nature of the polymerization reaction as reflected by the isotope-trapping time dependence can be accounted for by a model in which processive synthesis is treated as a simple partitioning between continued polymerization (kcat = 3.8 s-1, 22 degrees C) and dissociation of the enzyme from the template-primer under steady-state conditions (koffss = 0.1 s-1). The rapid quench time course of the polymerization reaction (kcat = 2.5 s-1, 20 degrees C) exhibited a pre-steady-state burst consistent with two partially rate-determining steps, one of which precedes the actual chemical phosphodiester bond-forming step (k = 4.6 s-1) and the other which follows this step (k = 4.0 s-1). Binding of MgTTP to the E.poly complex was shown to be a rapid equilibrium step by steady-state isotope-partitioning experiments. This suggested that the first rate-determining step may be a first-order isomerization which follows the binding of substrates and precedes bond formation.
Enhanced splenic ATPase activity in immunized mice.

SummaryThe ATPase activity in spleens of mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes was examined. A maximal increase in ATPase activity was found at the time when peak numbers of specific antibody forming cells were evident in the mouse spleen, 4–5 days after immunization. A relationship was observed between antigen dose and the peak response of both antibody PFCs and ATPase activity. The Mg2+-ATPase activity was specifically enhanced, while no increase in Na+K+-ATPase activity was demonstrable. These results suggest that a relationship exists between Mg2+-ATPase activity and antibody formation in mouse spleens.
Empirical Analysis of Metering Price Discrimination: Evidence from Concession Sales at Movie Theaters

Prices for goods such as blades for razors, ink for printers, and concessions at movies are often set well above cost. Theory has shown that this could yield a profitable price discrimination strategy often termed “metering.” The idea is that a customer's intensity of demand for aftermarket goods (e.g., the concessions) provides a meter of how much the customer is willing to pay for the primary good (e.g., admission). If this correlation in tastes for the two goods is positive, a high price on the aftermarket good allows firms to extract a greater total price (admissions plus concessions) from higher-type customers. This paper develops a simple aggregate model of discrete-continuous demand to motivate how this correlation can be tested using simple regression techniques and readily available firm data. Model simulations illustrate that the regressions can be used to predict whether aftermarket prices should be above, below, or equal to their marginal cost. We then apply the approach to box office and concession data from a chain of Spanish theaters and find that high-priced concessions do extract more surplus from customers with a greater willingness to pay for the admission ticket.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates Hypoxic Stimulated Embryonic Bladder Growth in Organ Culture

Purpose: Tissue hypoxia enhances embryonic angiogenesis at least in part by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor. Additionally, exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor-A enhances embryonic bladder explant growth. We hypothesized that developing bladders are hypoxic in vivo and oxygen tensions modulate explanted bladder growth by altering vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression.Materials and Methods: Embryonic day 14 mouse bladders were cultured in 20% O2 or 3% O2 atmospheres. Some cultures were supplemented with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/Fc chimera to block vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity. After 6 days explant areas, DNA, protein, total cell numbers, and proportions expressing endothelial and smooth muscle markers were measured. Pimonidazole was administered to pregnant mice and hypoxia was sought in embryonic tissues by immunohistochemistry.Results: In vivo pimonidazole adducts and vascular endothelial growth factor-A immunolocalized to embryo...
Cloud condensation nuclei closure during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign: Effects of size-resolved composition

(1) Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), aerosol size distribution and chemical composition were obtained at the UNH-AIRMAP Thompson Farms site, during the ICARTT 2004 campaign. This work focuses on the analysis of a week of measurements, during which semiurban and continental air were sampled. Predictions of CCN concentrations were carried out using ''simple'' Kohler theory; the predictions are subsequently compared with CCN measurements at 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.37%, 0.5% and 0.6% supersaturation. Using size-averaged chemical composition, CCN are substantially overpredicted (by 35.8 ± 28.5%). Introducing size-dependent chemical composition substantially improved closure (average error 17.4 ± 27.0%). CCN closure is worse during periods of changing wind direction, suggesting that the introduction of aerosol mixing state into CCN predictions may sometimes be required. Finally, knowledge of the soluble salt fraction is sufficient for description of CCN activity. Citation: Medina, J., A. Nenes, R.-E. P. Sotiropoulou, L. D. Cottrell, L. D. Ziemba, P. J. Beckman, and R. J. Griffin (2007), Cloud condensation nuclei closure during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign: Effects of size-resolved composition, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S31, doi:10.1029/2006JD007588.
Estonian drama discovers the philosophers' stone?

(2001). Estonian drama discovers the philosophers' stone? Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 100-107.
Above and Below Band Edge Light Recovery with Plasmonics

Efficient solar energy conversion in photovoltaics and solar to chemical conversion is hindered by large band gaps and poor absorption in thin films. The easily tunable absorption and scattering cross section of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) make it an ideal solution to capturing lost light. For above band edge light, scattering and light trapping can be used to increase absorption in thin semiconductor films, improving photoconversion without sacrificing recombination times. Below the band edge, plasmonic hot electrons can transfer to the semiconductor directly or resonant energy transfer can non-radiatively induce charge separation, allowing photoconversion where the semiconductor cannot absorb. In this brief review, we explore the mechanisms and efficiency of light recovery in plasmonics. Surface plasmon polaritons are used to increase light trapping in semiconductor nanowires using a metal nanohole array. Metal-semiconductor nanostructures with varying energy alignment, insulating barrier thickness, and spectral overlap are systematically varied to differentiate hot electron and resonant energy transfer. Transient absorption spectroscopy and action spectrum analysis are applied to track plasmonic charge creation and transfer, linking short and long time scale behavior. Guidelines are given for achieving optimal plasmonic light capturing and enhancement across the solar spectrum.
Disappearing alpine tundra Köppen climatic type in the western United States

[1] We examine changes in the areal extent of the Koppen “alpine tundra” climate classification type for the mountainous western United States following the work of Kottek et al. (2006). We find a significant decline in the area occupied by this climate category. In the early decades of the 20th century, the mean temperature of the warmest month in the areas of the western U.S. with nominal alpine tundra climates ranged largely between ∼8.5°C and 9.5°C. In the last 20 years (1987–2006), rising temperatures have caused a significant fraction of these areas to exceed the 10°C threshold for alpine tundra classification. The result has been a 73% reduction in coverage of this climatic type. The remaining classified alpine tundra in the last 20 years now averages between ∼9°C–10°C during the warmest month, so that continued warming past the classification threshold, would imply that areas where this climate type is found today in the West will no longer be present.
Black and Farquharson on order-of-voting effects: an extension

This paper, by using the known algorithms for calculating the oucomes under the amendment procedure and under the successive procedure, extends the statements of Black and Farquharson about order-of-voting effects: if alternativex, in thej-th position in an agenda, is the sincere (sophisticated) voting outcome with that agenda, then x is also the sincere (sophisticated) voting outcome with any agenda that is the same as the initial agenda with respect to the alternatives in positions from the first to the (j − 1)-th (from the (j + 1)-th to the last, respectively).
TH‐E‐224A‐05: Absorbed Radiation Dose Measurement with a μK‐Resolution Ultrasonic Thermometer

Purpose: To develop a μK‐resolution ultrasonicthermometer for non‐invasive measurements of absorbed radiationdose in water and to characterize the intensity profile of radiation beams used for medical treatment.Method and Materials: Subtle temperature changes in water were measured by monitoring the phase of an ultrasonic disturbance propagating in it. The current system includes a thermally insulated water tank, an ultrasonic transducer, a frequency counter, and a Pulsed Phase‐Locked Loop connected to a PC. The alpha‐prototype was initially tested and characterized experimentally with time‐controlled light pulses, and was subsequently evaluated with radiation heating from a therapy‐level Co‐60 source. The system was subjected to 30 one‐minute, 50% duty cycle radiation exposures; the temperature history was recorded and analyzed. Results: Preliminary Fourier analysis of the temperature changes caused by periodic radiation heating showed that the absorbed dose rate corresponds to 1.80 Gy/min, deduced from a 0.43 mK (±3% 1 ) per cycle temperature rise in water. The estimated nominal dose rate at 81.6 cm from the source and 3.2 cm below the water surface is estimated to be 1.65 Gy/min. The discrepancy can be attributed to the non‐standard water tank size and incomplete temperature calibration of the alpha prototype at test time. We expect to resolve these issues by equipping the system with a standard water tank and implementing a more advanced calibration procedure. Conclusions: The alpha prototype has been tested in Co‐60 radiation and produced reasonable results. The feedback from these tests has recently been incorporated into the design of a beta prototype. The new system routinely detects less than 10 μK temperature changes in water and shows great promise for precise dose measurements and beam profile characterization. The new calibration procedure does not require external sensors and makes the system more portable and fully self‐contained. Research sponsored by NIST.
Intact spatial learning in adult Tg2576 mice.

Abstract Tg2576 mice, a transgenic model of amyloid pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), develop measurable levels of soluble amyloid β1–40 and 1–42 by 6 months of age and amyloid plaque deposition in cortex, hippocampus and amygdala by 10 months of age. To investigate whether non-hippocampal learning strategies would predominate coincident with the age-related increase in Aβ load in the hippocampal region, we measured learning strategies in the T-maze and a redundant cued version of the water maze. Each of these tasks can be solved using either hippocampal or non-hippocampal learning strategies and has proved sensitive to hippocampal disruption in other settings. The results revealed subtle differences in T-maze and water maze performance in Tg2576 mice compared to controls. Surprisingly, however, Tg2576 mice were not impaired relative to non-transgenic littermates on any measures of hippocampal dependent behavior assessed in these tasks. These data suggest that the medial temporal lobe retains considerable function in 15-month-old Tg2576 mice despite significant Aβ pathology.
On relaxation and transport in gyrokinetic drift wave turbulence with zonal flow

We present a theory for relaxation and transport in phase space for gyrokinetic drift wave turbulence with zonal flow. The interaction between phase space eddys and zonal flows is considered in two different limits, namely for K>>1 and K ≃ 1 where K is the Kubo number. For K>>1, the growth of an isolated coherent phase space structure is calculated, including the associated zonal flow dynamics. For K ≃ 1, mean field relaxation dynamics is considered in the presence of phase space granulations and zonal flows. In both limits, it is shown that the evolution equations for phase space structures are structurally similar to a corresponding Charney-Drazin theorem for zonal momentum balance in a potential vorticity conserving, quasi-geostrophic system. The transport flux in phase space is calculated in the presence of phase space density granulations and zonal flows. The zonal flow exerts a dynamical friction on ion phase space density evolution, which is a fundamentally new zonal flow effect.
Triangulated random surfaces

Abstract A model of discretized random surfaces that contains the extrinsic curvature as well as the usual area term in the action is considered. The renormalization group predicts that at large distances the model is indistinguishable from previous proposals of triangulated surfaces that contained only the area term, but, unlike them, does not grow spikes. The partition function and all its moments are finite and well defined. The model is solved for large d in the vicinity of the IR fixed point. The Hausdorff dimension is ∞ and the entropy exponent agrees with the one obtained by Zamolodchikov and others for the Polyakov action in the continuum.
Fourier inversion for multidimensional characteristic functions

A density functionf(x),x∈R n is said to bepiecewise smooth if for eachx∈R n , the mean value function $$r \to M_r f(x): = \smallint _{S^{n - 1} } f(x + r\omega )$$ is piecewiseC ∞ with compact support. (dω is normalized surface measure on the unit sphere). The Fourier transform is $$\hat f(\mu ) = \smallint _{R^n } f(x)e^{i } dx$$ with spherical partial sum $$f_R (x) = (2\pi )^{ - n} \smallint _{|\mu | \leqslant R} \hat f(\mu )e^{ - i } d\mu $$ . Theorem. For suchf, lim r↑∞ f R (x)=M 0+f(x) if and only ifr→M r f(x) hask=[(n−3)/2] continuous derivatives. ([]=integer part). Otherwise we have lim $$\inf _{R \uparrow \infty } R^{ - v} [f_R (x) - M_{0^ + } f(x)]< 0< \lim \sup _{R \uparrow \infty } R^{ - v} [f_R (x) - M_{0^ + } f(x)]$$ where ν≥0 is uniquely determined.
Geotextile stabilization of seabeds: theory

Abstract Geotextiles are synthetic fabrics which may be substituted for graded aggregate to protect ocean and coastal structures from erosion and soil instability. Geotextiles are commonly used as a structural membrane and as a filter between an undisturbed sediment surface below and an erosion resistant coarse aggregate placed above. The dynamic response of a horizontally-layered soil system including a geotextile is examined analytically using the quasi-static Biot consolidation equations, the storage equation, and modelling the geotextile as a permeable elastic membrane. The influence of geotextile properties on soil stability are found to be rather small. The coupling of soil layer properties has a significant influence on soil stability. Maximum failure potential exists for specific combinations of the relative permeabilities and thicknesses of the soils.
Nonlinear Excitation Associated with Direct Laser Writing in SU-8

Multi-photon direct laser writing (mpDLW) experiments, Z-scan spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations indicate that the initiators used in the photo-polymerizable resin SU-8 are capable of three-photon excitation at or near the vacuum wavelength of 800 nm and that this excitation mode affects its performance when the material is used to micro-fabricate three-dimensional structures by mpDLW. These findings can be leveraged to improve its use for fabricating three-dimens ional micro-structures.
Procula’s Civic Body and Pilate’s Masculinity Crisis in the York Cycle’s ‘Christ Before Pilate 1: The Dream of Pilate’s Wife’

This essay argues that in the York cycle, Procula functions as a feminine foil against which her husband, Pilate, can model supposedly masculine traits. Positing that traditional exegetical revisions of Procula’s dream were always a means of dis- crediting feminine spirituality, this essay contends that the York cycle’s further revisions of its source material construct a triangulation in which an ambivalently gendered Pilate must choose between the feminine influence of his wife and the masculine influence of his beadle. It asserts that the masculine identity Pilate ultimately embraces consists of spiritual scepticism and legal obedience. Noting iconographic similarities between Procula and the Whore of Babylon, whom the religious art of York likewise depicts as an embodiment of sinful civic conduct, the essay concludes that the play presents Procula as a feminine identity to be rejected not only by Pilate but also by the civic body of York itself.
A selection theorem

It is shown that under certain assumptions the existence of a continuous selection on every compact subset of a metric space implies the existence of a continuous selection on the whole space. An application of this result to a problem concerning the extension of compact operators is given.
In vitro targeting of acoustically reflective immunoliposomes to fibrin under various flow conditions

We have previously demonstrated the development of acoustically reflective liposomes as a novel ultrasound contrast agent, that can be conjugated to antibodies for site specific acoustic enhancement of pathologically altered vascular tissue. The liposomes are echogenic due to the lipid composition, without gas entrapment, and have a size of less than one micron (Alkan-Onyuksel et al., 1996). When conjugated to anti-fibrinogen antibodies, the liposomes have the ability to attach to fibrin coated surfaces and thrombi in vitro as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and ultrasound imaging (Demos et al., 1997a). Anti-fibrinogen liposomes were shown to attach to fibrous atheroma and thrombi in a Yucatan miniswine model of induced atherosclerosis whereas liposomes conjugated to anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (anti-ICAM-1) were demonstrated to target early stage atherosclerotic plaques (Demos et al., 1997b). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the binding characteristics of anti-fibrinogen liposomes in vitro under a variety of flow conditions in order to optimize the targeting ability of the immunoliposomes. Radiolabeled anti-fibrinogen liposomes were applied to fibrin coated filter paper and placed in a flow circuit under controlled flow conditions. Flow conditions were altered to study the effects of different shear stresses, temperature, plasma flow and pulsatile flow on the retention of liposomes to fibrin after set time periods. The retention of liposomes conjugated to polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies as well as Fab fragments made from monoclonal antibodies were compared. The binding characteristics of liposomes conjugated to different quantities of polyclonal antibodies were analyzed. At physiological shear stress of 1.5 N/m2 (15 dynes/cm2) over 70% of the liposomes remained attached to fibrin after two hours. A smaller and greater portion of the liposomes remained attached at higher and lower shear stresses respectively. Plasma components and temperature had no effect on liposomal retention whereas pulsatile flow resulted in a slight reduction in binding. Monoclonal antibodies showed a slight trend of reduced retention to fibrin over time as compared with polyclonal antibodies and Fab fragments. The quantity of antibody conjugated to the liposomes plays a role in liposome retention as demonstrated by the reduction in liposome retention caused by reducing the quantity of antibody conjugated to the liposomes. Anti-fibrinogen liposomes were retained to the fibrin surface to a large extent under all flow conditions likely to occur in vivo and therefore can provide site specific ultrasound contrast for a long enough time period to allow for imaging after injection.
Robust gut-specific gene expression in transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Genetic modification of the vectorial capacity of mosquito vectors of human disease requires promoters capable of driving gene expression with appropriate tissue and stage specificity. We report on the characterization in transgenic Aedes aegypti of two mosquito gut-specific promoters. A 1.4-kb DNA fragment adjacent to the 5′ end of the coding region of the Ae. aegypti carboxypeptidase (AeCP) gene and a corresponding 3.4-kb DNA fragment at the 5′ end of the Anopheles gambiae carboxypeptidase (AgCP) gene were linked to a firefly luciferase reporter gene and introduced into the Ae. aegypti germ line by using Hermes and mariner (Mos1) transposons. Six independent transgenic lines were obtained with the AeCP construct and one with the AgCP construct. Luciferase mRNA and protein were abundantly expressed in the guts of transgenic mosquitoes in four of the six AeCP lines and in the AgCP line. Expression of the reporter gene was gut-specific and reached peak levels at about 24 h post-blood ingestion. The AeCP and AgCP promoters can be used to drive the expression of genes that hinder parasite development in the mosquito gut.
Atmospheric chemistry of CFC replacement compounds: synthesis of bis(trifluoromethyl) trioxide and anomalies in its mass spectral analysis

Abstract The photolysis of CF 3 H/F 2 /O 2 mixtures is shown to be a rapid and simple method for the production of pure samples of CF 3 O 3 CF 3 . Complications associated with the mass spectrometric analysis of CF 3 O 3 CF 3 are highlighted.
A novel Pax-6 binding site in rodent B1 repetitive elements: coevolution between developmental regulation and repeated elements?

Abstract Pax-6 encodes a transcription factor that is important in the development of eye and CNS. Identification of Pax-6 target genes is crucial for understanding the gene regulatory network in these developmental processes. Using an in-vitro approach of cyclic amplification of the protein binding sequences (CAPBS), we isolated a PAX6 binding sequence from a human single-copy (sc) DNA library. Characterization of this PAX6 binding sequence revealed a 15 bp region (hGCα1BLs5) that is sufficient for PAX6 specific binding. From a homology search in the GenBank, we found that an hGCα1BLs5-like Pax-6 binding site exists in 21 genes (16 from rodent), 15 of which were shown to be able to bind Pax-6 in vitro. Interestingly, some of these sites occur in B1 repetitive elements. Although hGCα1BLs5 is highly similar to a region in B1 repetitive elements, PAX6 does not bind to the consensus sequence in B1. However, a single-step mutation in some B1 elements can lead to a gain of function for PAX6 binding. This experimental evidence and phylogenetic analysis raise an interesting speculation for the coevolution between PAX6 regulation and repeat elements. Since a (Pax-6-binding) null B1 element can be re-activated by even a single-step mutation, it has the potential to recruit gene targets for Pax-6 if it is inserted into the regulatory region, and therefore may play a role for evolutionary modification of Pax-6 regulation.
Comparing Recent Organizing Templates for Test Content between ACS Exams in General Chemistry and AP Chemistry

Two different versions of “big ideas” rooted content maps have recently been published for general chemistry. As embodied in the content outline from the College Board, one of these maps is designed to guide curriculum development and testing for advanced placement (AP) chemistry. The Anchoring Concepts Content Map for general chemistry from the ACS Exams Institute is a component of a larger content map for the four-year undergraduate curriculum. This article compares the structure and content in these two maps to provide perspective on the current nature of the general chemistry curriculum. This contribution is part of a special issue on teaching introductory chemistry in the context of the AP chemistry course redesign.
Labels, Systems and Motives: Some Perspectives For Future Research and Programs

Future research in children's health behavior, and its potential implications for health education programs, are discussed in terms of (1) the effects of labels and definitions, (2) the relevance of systemic approaches, and (3) the need for determining health-relevant motives. A working definition of "health behavior" as an area of basic, interdisciplinary research is established, in contrast to the definition of behavioral medicine.
Rigorous electromagnetic analysis of diffractive cylindrical lenses

A novel two-region formulation of the rigorous electromagnetic boundary element method (BEM) is developed and applied to practical diffractive cylindrical lenses of continuous profile and with discrete levels (32, 8, and 2). The performance of these diffractive lenses is presented for incident waves of TE and TM polarization, for a range of beam profiles, and for normal and nonnormal incidence. An optimum width of the Gaussian beam is determined. The BEM is shown to be accurate and versatile, providing the numerical and graphical results that are needed for analysis and design of diffractive elements.
Effect of Different Lengths of Practice Periods on the Learning of a Motor Skill

Abstract Three groups of junior high school boys learned the skill of mirror tracing on different practice schedules. All groups practiced two days per week for five days. One group practiced two circuits, the second group practiced five circuits, and the third group practiced eight circuits, on each practice day. Long practice periods proved advantageous during the early stages of the learning process. After the third practice period, however, groups using short practice periods improved just as much as groups using longer practices. A significant positive correlation was found between general intelligence scores and performance in the mirror tracing skill.
Relationship between NF-κB and Trypsinogen Activation in Rat Pancreas after Supramaximal Caerulein Stimulation

Intra-acinar cell nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and trypsinogen activation are early events in secretagogue-induced acute pancreatitis. We have studied the relationship between NF-kappaB and trypsinogen activation in rat pancreas. CCK analogue caerulein induces early (within 15 min) parallel activation of both NF-kappaB and trypsinogen in pancreas in vivo as well as in pancreatic acini in vitro. However, NF-kappaB activation can be induced without trypsinogen activation by lipopolysaccharide in pancreas in vivo and by phorbol ester in pancreatic acini in vitro. Stimulation of acini with caerulein after 6 h of culture results in NF-kappaB but not trypsinogen activation. Protease inhibitors (AEBSF, TLCK, and E64d) inhibit both intracellular trypsin activity and NF-kappaB activation in caerulein stimulated acini. A chymotrypsin inhibitor (TPCK) inhibits NF-kappaB activation but not trypsin activity. The proteasome inhibitor MG-132 prevents caerulein-induced NF-kappaB activation but does not prevent trypsinogen activation. These findings indicate that although caerulein-induced NF-kappaB and trypsinogen activation are temporally closely related, they are independent events in pancreatic acinar cells. NF-kappaB activation per se is not required for the development of early acinar cell injury by supramaximal secretagogue stimulation.
BLADE TENDERIZATION OF FOUR MUSCLES FROM THREE WEIGHT‐GRADE GROUPS OF BEEF

Thirty sides of beef (ten each of Heavy-Choice, Heavy-Good and Light-Good) were. aged for 5–7 days at 2°C. Semimembranosus, biceps femoris, gluteus medius and longissimus muscles were removed from each carcass. Control (untreated, Ox) steaks were removed from each muscle, the muscles were blade tenderized and appropriate steaks were removed for physical and organoleptic analyses. Beef from Light-Good carcasses was not inferior to that from Heavy-Good or Heavy-Choice carcasses, rather it was statistically equivalent or superior to heavy beef in retention of weight during cooking, tenderness, juiciness and overall palatability. When weight-grade groups were combined, blade tenderization one time (1x) decreased (P 0.05) drip or cooking losses for any of the four muscles. Blade tenderization a second time (2x) resulted in further decreases (P 0.05) drip or cooking losses. Blade tenderization can improve beef tenderness without detrimental effects on other organoleptic characteristics or weight losses.
Boyz to men? Teaching to restore Black boys’ childhood

Many schools see teaching African American boys as a daunting challenge. However, in many schools the primary focus of Black male children’s educational experience is maintaining order and discipline rather than student learning and academic achievement. By the time Black boys reach the 3rd or 4th grade their teachers and other school personnel no longer treat them like children, but rather like men. This paper will describe the current state of education for Black male students and propose ways to ensure that we teach all children, particularly Black boys in intellectually, socially, and culturally appropriate ways.
T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and related disorders

T-cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, which causes neutropenia, anemia, and/or thrombocytopenia. This condition is often associated with autoimmune disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis, and other lymphoproliferative disorders. The diagnosis is suggested by flow cytometry demonstrating an expansion of CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells and is confirmed by T-cell receptor gene rearrangement studies. Mounting evidence suggests that LGL leukemia is a disorder of dysregulation of apoptosis through abnormalities in the Fas/Fas ligand pathway. In most patients, this is an indolent disorder, and significant improvement of cytopenias can be achieved with immunosuppressive agents such as steroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporin A. This review provides a concise, up-to-date summary of LGL leukemia and the related, more aggressive, malignancies of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells.
Modeling carbon sequestration geochemical reactions for a proposed site in Springfield, Missouri

We evaluated the geochemical transformations that would likely occur after injecting CO2 into a sandstone formation using The Geochemist's Workbench, with the intent of simulating CO2 solution and mineral storage mechanisms. We used a hypothetical reservoir intended to closely resemble the Lamotte Sandstone in southwest Missouri, a reservoir rock found at about 600-m (1970-ft) depth, well above the recommended depth for CO2 sequestration of 800 m (2625 ft). In the absence of specific water chemistry and lithology data for this formation at the proposed injection site, the model considered two best estimates of each input parameter. Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestered in the dissolved phase was found to range between 76.74 and 76.80 g/kg free water, and the pH dropped from 7.7 to 4.8 after a 10-yr injection period. During a 50-yr postinjection interval with no additional CO2(g) added, the model predicted the pH to rise from 4.8 to 5.3 and various minerals to precipitate, among them magnesite, nontronite-Mg, and gibbsite, as well as smaller amounts of siderite and dolomite. Magnesite, siderite, and dolomite contribute to removal of carbon. In general, the model is very flexible, allowing the user to incorporate variations in temperature, pressure, water chemistry, solid-phase mineralogy, and kinetics. Modeling steps are described here as well as the results, which are all based in 1 kg of free water. To determine the total sequestration potential, transport modeling is needed, in addition to the geochemical modeling presented here.
The incorporation of hands-on tasks in an online course: an analysis of a blended learning environment

This article describes the design and evaluation of a blended online/face-to-face course completed by more than 6000 learners throughout the United States of America and internationally. The educational impact was monitored using a variety of evaluation strategies. The results, in terms of achieved knowledge and overall satisfaction, indicate that a focus on online instruction combined with face-to-face, hands-on activities showed statistically significant improvement in the learners' understanding of the course material, while also validating the impact of the curriculum in their workplace. As illustrated through the blended course design, this study further showed that online learners with greater improvement in their pre- and posttest scores also exhibited significantly greater likelihood in demonstrating competency in several areas during the hands-on portion of the course. In particular, participants working in the information systems field exhibited the highest mean difference score (21.49) on the p...
Clinical experience in 52 patients with tigecycline-containing regimens for salvage treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae infections

Objectives We report the largest clinical experience using tigecycline-containing regimens for salvage treatment of patients with Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae. Patients and methods Data were collected from 52 patients on emergency/compassionate use (n = 38) or two open-label studies (n = 7 patients each). Based on information that was available, 46 (88.5%) of the subjects received antibiotic therapy prior to treatment with tigecycline. Treatment groups were evaluated based on length of tigecycline therapy ( Results The most commonly used concomitant antimicrobials were macrolides, amikacin and linezolid. Pulmonary disease was the most common presentation (36/52; 69.2%), and 58.3% of these patients had underlying cystic fibrosis. The majority were M. abscessus complex (n = 30) or M. chelonae/abscessus (n = 4). With therapy ≥1 month (mean, 255.0 ± 265.7 days), 10/15 patients (66.7%) with cystic fibrosis and 16/26 (61.5%) overall were considered improved. Skin/soft-tissue/bone infections were the most common extrapulmonary infections. With therapy ≥1 month (mean, 143 ± 123 days), 9/12 patients (75.0%) were considered improved. Nine of the 16 cases reported as failures regardless of site of infection occurred in patients who stopped treatment due to adverse events. There were eight deaths; none was related to tigecycline. Conclusions Tigecycline given for ≥1 month as part of a multidrug regimen resulted in improvement in >60% of patients with M. abscessus and M. chelonae infections, including those with underlying cystic fibrosis, despite failure of prior antibiotic therapy. Adverse events were reported in >90% of cases, the most common being nausea and vomiting.