cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the filbertworm, Melissopus latiferreanus (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), with sex attractant traps: effect of trap design and placement on moth catches.

Different trap designs and trap placement methods were tested for catching males of the filbertworm, Melissopus latiferreanus Walshingham, in sex attractant traps. Zoecon's Pherocon IC trap captured more moths than any other trap tested. Although there was no significant difference between the efficacy of this trap and the three other traps (Pherocon 11, 3.8-liter ice cream cartons without lids and with half lids). Significantly more moths were caught in traps hung at a height of 4 to 4.8 m above ground level (tree height 4.7 m) than at lower heights. Over 80% of the moths were captured by traps placed in the top of the tree canopy or just above it. Although more moths were caught in the traps placed in south and west quadrants of the trees than north and east, statistically significant ( P ≤ 0.05) differences were not noticed. Relatively few moths were caught in traps placed at distances of 10, 20, 30, and 50 m away from the orchard. A standardized methodology is suggested for monitoring the filbertworm with sex attractant traps.
Interactions between the antiopiate Tyr-MIF-1 and the mu opiate morphiceptin at their respective binding sites in brain

The interactions between Tyr-MIF-1, a brain peptide with antiopiate activity, and the beta-casomorphins, a family of peptides derived from milk protein with opiate activity, were investigated by in vitro binding assays. Specific binding of 125I-Tyr-MIF-1 to rat brain membranes was displaced with high potency by beta-casomorphin, morphiceptin, and the morphiceptin analog PL017 but not by the analgesically inactive analog D-Pro2-morphiceptin or by several other ligands for classical delta, kappa, or sigma opiate receptors. In addition, Tyr-MIF-1 displaced 125I-morphiceptin from its binding sites in brain with affinities similar to those of unlabeled morphiceptin and PL017. These results, which include the first demonstration of a binding site in brain for labeled morphiceptin, indicate that brain antiopiate Tyr-MIF-1 and the beta-casomorphin derived peptides with opiate activity may share a common binding site or cross-react at each other's site. This suggests a possible mechanism of action for endogenous antiopiate-opiate interactions.
Substituent effects in parallel-displaced π–π interactions

High-quality quantum-mechanical methods are used to examine how substituents tune π–π interactions between monosubstituted benzene dimers in parallel-displaced geometries. The present study focuses on the effect of the substituent across entire potential energy curves. Substituent effects are examined in terms of the fundamental components of the interaction (electrostatics, exchange-repulsion, dispersion and induction) through the use of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory. Both second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with a truncated aug-cc-pVDZ′ basis and spin-component-scaled MP2 (SCS-MP2) with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis are found to mimic closely estimates of coupled-cluster with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] in an aug-cc-pVTZ basis. Substituents can have a significant effect on the electronic structure of the π cloud of an aromatic ring, leading to marked changes in the π–π interaction. Moreover, there can also be significant direct interactions between a substituent on one ring and the π-cloud of the other ring.
Calorimetry study of the synthesis of amorphous Ni-Ti alloys by mechanical alloying

Abstract We synthesized amorphous Ni33Ti67 alloy powder by ball milling (a) a mixture of elemental nickel and titanium powders and (b) powders of the crystalline intermetallic NiTi2. We characterized the reaction products as a function of ball-milling time by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The measurements suggest that in process (a) the amorphous alloy forms by a solid state interdiffusion reaction at the clean Ni Ti interfaces generated by the mechanical attrition. In process (b), the crystalline alloy powder stores energy in the form of chemical disorder and lattice and point defects. The crystal-to-amorphous transformation occurs when the stored energy reaches a critical value. The achievement of the critical stored energy competes with the dynamic recovery of the lattice.
The antiinflammatory and antiviral effects of hydroxychloroquine in two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and active inflammatory arthritis

Objective. To report the antiinflammatory and antiviral effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment in 2 patients with AIDS and inflammatory arthritis. Methods. Two patients with AIDS and inflammatory arthritis were treated with HCQ, which was given in a loading dose of 600 mg/day. The maintenance dosage was calculated to remain below 6.5 mg/kg/day. Both patients had initial T cell subset studies; 1 patient, had serum and plasma collected before and after 1 year of HCQ treatment. Assays were performed for T cell subsets, recoverable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA, mitogen- and antigen-specific proliferation, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. New studies on the use of HCQ as an anti–HIV-1 agent are reviewed. Results. Both patients had a dramatic decrease in their arthritis activity. Neither patient required immunosuppressive therapy or developed an opportunistic infection. In the patient who was studied after 1 year of therapy, there was a 1-log decrease in recoverable HIV-1 RNA, improved mitogen- and antigen-specific immune responses, and a large decrease in the IL-6 level while taking HCQ. Recent in vitro and in vivo assays in patients with HIV infection have shown similar antiviral and antiinflammatory effects from HCQ. Conclusion. HCQ may exert simultaneous antiinflammatory and antiviral effects in patients with HIV infection and inflammatory arthritis. If larger studies confirm this observation, it may be the drug of choice in this population of patients.
Laparoscopic versus open burch retropubic urethropexy: Comparison of morbidity and costs when performed with concurrent vaginal prolapse repairs ☆

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the morbidity and cost that are associated with laparoscopic and open Burch retropubic urethropexy when they are performed with concurrent vaginal prolapse repairs. Study design: We conducted a retrospective study of all patients who had undergone laparoscopic ( n = 76) or open ( n = 143) Burch retropubic urethropexy with at least 1 concurrent vaginal repair for symptomatic prolapse. We compared demographic data, level of prolapse, operative and postoperative details, medical and surgical histories, complications, and hospital charges. Results: The group with open retropubic urethropexy had an older age, greater degree of prolapse, fewer concurrent hysterectomies, and a greater number of vaginal procedures than the group with laparoscopic retropubic urethropexy. There were minimal differences in complications and no differences in the estimated blood loss, operative time, hemoglobin change, hospitalization, or hospital charges between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Traditional benefits of laparoscopic retropubic urethropexy were not apparent when vaginal prolapse repairs were performed. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:723-8.)
Electromagnetic corrections to the weak δs=0 vector coupling constant

The electromagnetic renormalization of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}S=0$ weak vector coupling constant ${G}_{V}$ coming from the corrections to the vector part of the weak Hamiltonian is a universal divergent constant, independent of the details of the strong interactions.
Model predictive HVAC load control in buildings using real-time electricity pricing

Abstract We propose a practical cost and energy efficient model predictive control (MPC) strategy for HVAC load control under dynamic real-time electricity pricing. The MPC strategy is built based on a proposed model that jointly minimizes the total energy consumption and hence, cost of electricity for the user, and the deviation of the inside temperature from the consumer's preference. We develop an algorithm that assigns temperature set-points (reference temperatures) to price ranges based on the consumer's discomfort tolerance index. We also design a practical parameter prediction model for the mapping between the HVAC load and the inside temperature. The prediction model and the produced temperature set-points are integrated as inputs into the MPC controller, which is then used to generate signal actions for the AC unit. To investigate and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we present a simulation based experimental analysis using real-life pricing data. The experiments reveal that the MPC strategy can lead to significant reductions in overall energy consumption and cost savings for the consumer. Results suggest that by providing an efficient response strategy for the consumers, the proposed MPC strategy can enable the utility providers adopt efficient demand management policies using real-time pricing.
Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia

Shifting Languages: Interaction and Identity in Javanese Indonesia. J. Joseph Errington. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press, 1998. viii. 216 pp., figures, maps, tables, notes, bibliography, index.
Achieving Enantio and Diastereoselectivities in Photoreactions Through the Use of a Confined Space

The efforts of chemists during the past few decades have advanced the field of thermal asymmetric synthesis to a great extent [1]. Complex molecules can now be synthesized as single enantiomers. Unfortunately, asymmetric photochemical reactions have not enjoyed the same level of success [2]. In the past, chiral solvents, chiral auxiliaries, circularly polarized light, and chiral sensitizers have been utilized to conduct enantioselective photoreactions. The highest chiral induction achieved by any of these approaches at ambient temperature and pressure has been ~30% (2–10% e.e. is common in photochemical reactions under the above conditions). Crystalline state and solid host-guest assemblies have, on the other hand, provided the most encouraging results [3]. Two approaches have been used to achieve chiral induction in the crystalline state. In one, by the Weizmann Institute Group, the achiral reactant is crystallized into a chiral space group [4]. The limited chances of such crystallization of organic molecules renders this approach less general. In the second approach, due to Scheffer and co-workers [5], an ionic chiral auxiliary is used to effect a chiral environment. This limits the approach to molecules with carboxylic acid groups that form crystallizable salts with chiral amines or vice versa. Yet another successful approach due to Toda and co-workers [6] has made use of organic hosts that contain chiral centers (e.g., deoxycholic acid, cyclodextrin, 1,6-bis (o-chlorophenyl)-1,6-diphenyl-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol,). The success of this approach is limited to guests that can form solid solutions with the host without disturbing the hosts macro-structure. The reactivity of molecules in the crystalline state and in solid host-guest assemblies is controlled by the details of molecular packing. Currently, molecular packing and consequently the chemical reactivity in the crystalline state, can not be reliably predicted [7]. Therefore even after successfully crystallizing a molecule in a chiral space group or complexing a molecule with a chiral host or a chiral auxiliary, there is no guarantee that the guest will react in the crystalline state. Hence, even though crystalline and host-guest assemblies have been very useful in conducting enantioselective photoreactions, their general applicability thus far has been limited.
Damage detection and model refinement using elemental stiffness perturbations with constrained connectivity

A new optimal update method for the correlation of dynamic structural finite element models with modal data is presented. The method computes a minimum-rank solution for the perturbations of the elemental stiffness parameters while constraining the connectivity of the global stiffness matrix. The resulting model contains a more accurate representation of the dynamics of the test structure. The changes between the original model and the updated model can be interpreted as modeling errors or as changes in the structure resulting from damage. The motivation for the method is presented in the context of existing optimal matrix update procedures. The method is demonstrated numerically on a spring-mass system and is also applied to experimental data from the NASA Langley 8-bay truss damage detection experiment. The results demonstrate that the proposed procedure may be useful for updating elemental stiffness parameters in the context of damage detection and model refinement.
Factors affecting reproductive performance of dairy cows.

We conducted two studies to determine how herd management practices and traits of individual cows affect performance of the herd and of the cow within a herd. Management practices, reproductive performance of the herd, and relationships between management and reproductive performance were characterized on 83 dairy farms with 7596 cows. Data included 21 management variables (e.g., facilities, herd health program, estrous detection program) and 8 performance variables obtained from Dairy Herd Improvement or unofficial records (e.g., size of herd, production, days open). Although varying among herds, annual average herd incidences of reproductive disorders and reproductive performance were similar to those reported. Managerial practices influenced incidences of retained placenta and uterine infection, days open of cows not bred and of all cows, services per conception, and percentages of herd open more than 100 days and culled for low production. Veterinarian was the most consistent variable influencing herd reproductive performance. Data also were collected from production and lifetime records of 2532 cows in 19 herds. Reproductive performance was affected by season of calving, production, maturity, and reproductive disorders. Several cows with extremely poor reproductive records were maintained.
THE CHANGING OUTLOOK FOR A REALIGNMENT OF PARTIES

WHAT are the main sources of strength of the two major political parties? In what areas of the country are the battle-lines most sharply drawn? What trends in sectional voting have occurred since the beginning of the New Deal? What are the possibilities of fundamental partisan realignment in the near future? An experienced observer of politics and government discusses these and other vital questions. Arthur N. Holcombe is Professor of Government at Harvard University, and author of such authoritative books as The Middle Classes in American Politics and Political Parties of Today.
CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF FATTY ACIDS FROM THE NONPOLAR PHOSPHO- AND GLYCOLIPIDS DURING STORAGE OF INTACT LAMB MUSCLES

Lean lamb muscle tissue from the longissimus and semitendinosus was removed from intact chilled carcasses at 0, 1, 4, 7 and 9 days postmortem. Following separation of the lipids by silicic acid column chromatography, fatty acid methyl esters of the nonpolar, phospho- and glycolipid fractions were identified by gas chromatography. Lamb longissimus had significantly (P 0.05). Analysis of variance of the data based on grams fatty acid per 100g tissue resulted in more significant differences between muscles and storage periods than when the data were analyzed on a percent of total fatty acids.
Time allocation in human vigilance

Three human subjects detected unpredictable signals by pressing either of two telegraph keys. The relative frequencies with which detections occurred for the two alternatives were varied. The procedure included a changeover delay and response cost for letting go of a key. All subjects matched the relative time spent holding each key to the relative number of detections for that key, in conformity with the matching law. One subject's performance, which at first deviated from the relation, came into conformity with it when response cost was increased. Another subject's performance approximated matching more closely when the changeover delay was increased. The results confirm and extend the notions that choice consists in time allocation and that all behavior can be measured on the common scale of time.
Superconductors with magnetic impurities in A singlet ground state

Abstract The effect of magnetic impurities (Pr and Tm) on the superconductors Th. La Pb3 and La Sn3 discussed. Due to crystal field splitting the impurities have a nonmagnetic ground state and low lying excited states. In particular the case of Pr in La Pb3 is discussed. Interband mixing of 4f and conduction electrons leads to a dynamical electron-electron interaction due to exchange of virtual excitations of the impurities. This leads to a lowering of the superconducting transition temperature Tc.
Increased Severity of Murine Lupus in Female Mice Is Due to Enhanced Expansion of Pathogenic T Cells

A strong female predominance is a well-recognized feature of human lupus. The mechanism by which sex influences disease expression and severity is not fully understood. To address this question, we used the parent-into-F 1 (p→F 1 ) model of chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD) in which lupus-like humoral autoimmunity and renal disease are induced in normal F 1 mice. An advantage of this model is that the pathogenic T cells driving disease (donor strain) can be studied separately from nonspecifically activated T cells (host strain). We observed that lupus-like disease using female donor and host mice (f→F cGVHD) is characterized by more severe long-term disease (glomerulonephritis) than with male donor and host (m→M cGVHD). Interestingly, differences in disease parameters could be seen at 2 wk after parental cell transfer, as evidenced by a 2- to 3-fold greater engraftment of donor CD4 + T cells in f→F cGVHD mice, which persisted throughout disease course. Enhanced engraftment of donor CD4 + T cells in f→F cGVHD mice was not due to differences in splenic homing, alloreactive precursor frequency, initial proliferation rates, or apoptotic rates, but rather to sustained high proliferation rates during wk 2 of disease compared with m→M cGVHD mice. Crossover studies (m→F, f→M) demonstrated that enhanced donor CD4 + T cell proliferation and engraftment segregate with the sex of the host. These results demonstrate that the sex of the recipient can influence the expansion of pathogenic T cells, thus increasing long-term the burden of autoreactive T cells and resulting in greater disease severity.
An experimental collagen-impregnated Dacron graft: potential for endothelial seeding.

This study evaluates the potential for endothelial seeding of a collagen-impregnated Dacron graft with or without surface modifiers (fibronectin, heparin) to attach and retain these cells during flow. Human umbilical endothelial cells were harvested, cultured, labeled with Indium111-oxine and seeded onto 30 mm × 4 mm diameter grafts. Six graft surfaces were studied: 1) a collagen-impregnated Dacron graft, HemashieldR (C); 2) C + fibronectin (C + F); 3) C + heparin (C + H); 4) C + F + H; 5) HytrelR + F (Hyt + F); and 6) Hyt + F + H. Radioactive loss determined the percentage attachment and then percentage retention of labeled inoculum after a one-hour in vitro perfusion. Scanning electron and light microscopy demonstrated the endothelium on the graft surface following perfusion. Fibronectin-coated grafts had a significantly higher percentage attachment than those without fibronectin (ANOVA,P < 0.05). However, the percentage retention following perfusion was similar for all Dacron grafts and statistically inferior to the HytrelR grafts studied (ANOVA,P < 0.05). SEM evaluation of the C + F + H graft surface was qualitatively the most impressive Dacron surface for seeding, yet was inferior to the HytrelR graft. We conclude that fibronectin benefits the initial attachment of endothelium to collagen-coated Dacron rivaling the HytrelR surface. Fibronectin does not improve percentage retention of the HemashieldR surface during perfusion, therefore, some of its initial benefit is lost.
Return to play? Athletes with congenital long QT syndrome

Background Competitive sports participation for athletes with congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is guided by the 2005 36th Bethesda Conference and the 2005 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and outcomes of patients with LQTS who chose to remain athletes following their diagnosis. Methods Records of all patients between 6 and 40 years of age who were first evaluated in Mayo Clinic9s LQTS Clinic from July 2000 to November 2010 were reviewed, for documentation of athletic participation after LQTS diagnosis and LQTS-related events during follow-up. Average follow-up was 5.5±3.4 years. Results The cohort included 353 patients with LQTS (199 females, mean age 17±11 years, mean QTc 472±42 ms), of whom 182 had LQT1, 130 had LQT2, 37 had LQT3 and 4 had multiple LQTS mutations. The majority of patients (223, 63%) were either not involved in sports (88%) or chose to discontinue sports (12%) following evaluation. 130 patients (37%, 60 females, mean age 11±7 years, mean QTc 471±46 ms) remained in competitive athletics, including 20 with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Of these 130, 70 (54%) were genotype-positive/phenotype-negative and competing contrary to ESC guidelines but within the Bethesda guidelines. None of these athletes had a sport-related event. Of the 60 LQTS athletes continuing in sports contrary to both the Bethesda and ESC guidelines (genotype-positive/phenotype-positive), only one had a sporting-related event with appropriate ICD shock. Conclusions Athletes and their families are fully capable of self-disqualification. Among those athletes with LQTS who chose to remain in competitive sports, a low rate of cardiac events and no deaths were observed in over 650 athlete-years of follow-up. Current guideline-based recommendations for disqualification may be excessive for this disease.
Randomized Control Trial to Improve Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Latino Adolescents

Few randomized trials attempt to improve insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic risks in overweight Latino youth. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a modified carbohydrate nutrition program combined with strength training on insulin sensitivity, adiposity, and other type 2 diabetes risk factors in overweight Latino adolescents. In a 16-week randomized trial, 54 overweight Latino adolescents (15.5 +/- 1.0 years) were randomly assigned to: (i) Control (C; n = 16), (ii) Nutrition (N; n = 21), or (iii) Nutrition + Strength training (N+ST; n = 17). The N group received modified carbohydrate nutrition classes (once per week), while the N+ST received the same nutrition classes plus strength training (twice per week). The following were measured at pre- and postintervention: strength by 1-repetition maximum, dietary intake by 3-day records, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, glucose/insulin indices by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal modeling. Across intervention group effects were tested using analysis of covariance with post hoc pairwise comparisons. A significant overall intervention effect was found for improvement in bench press (P < 0.001) and reductions in energy (P = 0.05), carbohydrate (P = 0.04) and fat intake (P = 0.03). There were no significant intervention effects on insulin sensitivity, body composition, or most glucose/insulin indices with the exception of glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) (P = 0.05), which decreased in the N and N+ST group by 18 and 6.3% compared to a 32% increase in the C group. In conclusion, this intense, culturally tailored intervention resulted in no significant intervention effects on measured risk factors with the exception of a beneficial effect on glycemic response to oral glucose.
Structure refinement of a natural K-rich diopside; the effect of K on the average structure

The crystal structure of the most K-rich natural pyroxene ever reported, a chromian diopside with 1.5 wt% K20, has been refined (diffractometer data, filtered MoKa radiation, by least-squares using XTAL to Ru = 3.2%) to examine the effect of K on the average structure. The crystal with structural formula Cao.8oKo.o73Nao.o23M&>.95Feo.o6Cro.Q7Alo.o2Si206 was found as an inclusion in a Koffiefontein diamond. The refined structure is typical of clinopyroxene on the diopside-enstatite join: Mg in M2 leads to distortion that is modeled by site splitting, with M2' (Mg + Fe) displaced 0.33 A from M2 (Ca + K + Na). Assignment of K to M2 is required to account for the electron density at that site. The average of eight M2-0 distances (2.504 A) is slightly larger than for diopside (2.498 A). The effect of K on the average M2-0 distance can be seen by calculating the average cation radius of atoms at M2 (+ M2') from the occupancy: 0.798.1.12 A ([8ICa)+ 0.073 .1.51 (K) + 0.023.1.18 (Na) + 0.036.0.92 (Fe) + 0.070'0.89 (Mg) = 1.127 -?:.R ([8ICa).The large size of K is mostly offset by Mg + Fe in M2' in the diopside-like structure; this sizedistortion balancing may facilitate K uptake in mantle clinopyroxene in K-rich environments. Large apparent thermal motion parameters of most atomic sites indicate sizable local distortions of the structure from substitution of K into M2.
High-Detectivity and High-Single-Photon-Detection-Efficiency 4H-SiC Avalanche Photodiodes

We report large-area, 250-mum-diameter, 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes with low dark current and high gain. At room temperature, the dark current density is 59.5 nA/cm2 at a gain of 1000. An external quantum efficiency of 48% at 280 nm is achieved at unity gain with a recessed-window structure. The differential resistance of the recessed-window device at zero bias is estimated to be 6times1014 Omega. As a result of high external quantum efficiency, large area, and large differential resistance, a record high specific detectivity of 4.1times1014 cmHz1/2 W-1, has been achieved. In Geiger mode operation, high single photon detection efficiency of 30% with dark count probability of 8times10-4 is reported.
Connecting the dots: creation of an electronic regional infection control network.

The prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) continues to increase dramatically worldwide. Successful programs to reduce infection rates of resistant organisms require regional or national compliance with strict infection control measures and feedback on implementation and reduced rates. We partnered with local infection control professionals (ICPs) and leveraged our existing electronic network to create a comprehensive citywide network to track and uniformly respond to patients admitted with a history of MRSA or VRE. We successfully standardized and included electronic data from four out of six of the major healthcare systems within Indianapolis. We created tailored abstracts to deliver key infection control data to ICPs when a MRSA patient is admitted to a participating hospital. We created web-based data entry forms for ICPs to modify and enter new infection control data. This paper describes our design and initial implementation of a working electronic regional infection control network.
Dentistry's Responsibility To Community Health Through The Public Health Dentist*

Wurold Hillenbrand outlines cleurly, as usuaf, the need for cooperation between dental directors and dental societies.
PROToFLEX: FPGA-accelerated Hybrid Functional Simulator

PROTOFLEX is an FPGA-accelerated hybrid simulation/emulation platform designed to support large-scale multiprocessor hardware and software research. Unlike prior attempts at FPGA multiprocessor system emulators, PROTOFLEX emulates full-system fidelity-i.e., runs stock commercial operating systems with I/O support. This is accomplished without undue effort by leveraging a hybrid emulation technique called transplanting. Our transplant technology uses FPGAs to accelerate only common-case behaviors while relegating infrequent, complex behaviors (e.g., I/O devices) to software simulation. By working in concert with existing full-system simulators, transplanting avoids the costly and unnecessary construction of the entire target system in FPGA. We report preliminary findings from a working hybrid PROTOFLEX emulator of an UltraSPARC workstation running Solaris 8. We have also started developing a novel multiprocessor emulation approach that interleaves the execution of many (10s to 100s) processor contexts onto a shared emulation engine. This approach decouples the scale and complexity of the FPGA host from the simulated system size but nevertheless enables us to scale the desired emulation performance by the number of emulation engines used. Together, the transplant and interleaving techniques enable us to develop full-system FPGA emulators of up to thousands of processors without an overwhelming development effort.
Binding of vapour-phase mercury (Hg 0 ) on chemically treated bauxite residues (red mud)

Environmental context. Mercury (Hg) is a toxic, persistent pollutant that accumulates in the food chain. Atmospheric Hg is a global problem with many sources of emissions, of which anthropogenic sources are estimated to account for approximately one-third. Stationary combustion (coal combustion, municipal waste incinerators, etc.) are the largest worldwide sources of anthropogenic Hg emissions, and great effort has been taken to develop control technologies for capture of mercury from these sources. In the present study, Hg capture using bauxite residue (red mud) – a waste product from the aluminium industry – is evaluated and compared with other, more conventional sorbent materials. Abstract. The development and testing of novel control technologies and advanced adsorbent materials continue to be active areas of research. In the present study, Hg capture using adsorbent material derived from the bauxite residue (red mud) from two North American refineries was studied. The red mud, seawater-neutralised red mud, and acid-treated red mud were evaluated for their mercury adsorption capacity and compared with other, more conventional sorbent materials. Two different seawater-neutralised red mud (Bauxsol) samples were treated with HCl and HBr in an effort to increase the mercury sorption capacity. In all cases, the acid treatment resulted in a significant increase in the total surface area and an increase in the total pore volume. The fixed-bed mercury capture experimental results showed that the HBr activation treatment was very effective at increasing the mercury capture performance of both Bauxsol samples whereas the HCl treatment had no effect on the mercury capture performance. Entrained-flow experiments revealed that the Br-Bauxsol was not effective for in-flight mercury capture. This indicates that the mechanism of mercury capture is likely mass-transfer-limited in the entrained-flow experiments.
Mobile Mashups: Thoughts, Directions, and Challenges

The twin mainstream computing shifts of mobility and programable Web are fundamentally impacting how humans interact, socialize, and accessinformation. Never before has computing been so disruptive and important in our daily activities. With such profound change looming what are the challengeswe still face and the challenges that we will increasingly have to deal with to make these coming changes as smooth and useful as possible?
Adoption Of Bari Mung Varieties And Its Constraints To Higher Production In Southern Region Of Bangladesh

Mungbean is a popular and widely grown pulse in Bangladesh. Coastal farmers are cultivating BARI-Mung varieties, but many farmers are still reluctant to adopt these improved varieties that need to be identified. Therefore, the study was conducted in three mungbean growing coastal districts, namely Barisal, Patuakhali, and Noakhali of Bangladesh during 2010-2011 to assess the extent of technology adoption and constraints to BARI-Mungbean production. The study focused the level of technology adoption in terms of variety use, input use and agronomic practices. The study revealed that farmers followed the recommended practices which were very encouraging. All the farmers adopted improved mungben varieties of which 51% farmers adopted BARI Mung-5 variety. The level of adoption of seed rate, use of urea, and MoP was found to be high. The level of adoption of agronomic practices like ploughing, sowing time, weeding and insecticides use were also found to be high. The farmers were mostly influenced by DAE personnel and neighboring farmers in adopting improved mungbean technology. Multiple regression revealed that experience, training, organizational membership, relation with different media, and mungbean suitable area had positive and significant influence in increasing the area under mungbean cultivation. Most farmers showed positive attitude towards improved mungbean cultivation of which 67% farmers wanted to increase its cultivation in the next year. The major constraints to improved mungbean production were high price of insecticides, lack of labour and disease and insect infestation. Farmers required improved mungbean seeds and production technology which may increase the yield and income of the farmers. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 85-96, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15193
High performance heat sink for surface mount applications

Surface-mounted electronic module configurations are sensitive to thermal cycling because the reduced compliance between the component and module increases the thermally induced strain in the solder joint. Providing a thermal match between the component and the module reduces this strain, reduces low-cycle fatigue damage, and increases solder joint life. One way of achieving this thermal match is through the use of a thermally matched heat sink. In addition to having the required coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), heat sinks for surface-mount avionic configurations require low weight and high thermal conductivity. A heat sink has been developed that has thermal conductivity close to aluminum, a CTE close to ceramic, and a weight density only 8% higher than aluminum. The flexural modulus of this heat sink is 40% higher than aluminum, which results in improved vibration performance. It is laminated, consisting of a thicker layer of graphite between thinner layers of copper-clad molybdenum,. >
The Priest and the Agent: Social Drama and Class Consciousness in the West of Ireland

On the morning of 4 April 1877, estate agent Arthur Brooke drove his carriage up to the gate of Cashel Farm, the residence of John Magroarty in Carrick, a small market town in the mountainous hinterland of southwest Donegal. Brooke had brought sheriff McCrory along with him, but his bailiffs emerged from their nearby homes a bit more reluctantly than usual. It was clear to Brooke that tenant Magroarty would not submit mildly to the impending eviction, for, although warned of the sheriff’s intention several days earlier, he had not budged a parcel and a large crowd was gathering to witness the proceedings. Agent Brooke had never been so loath to perform his duty, for Magroarty was not the average evictee. He was the owner of several cows and was a reliable and even “improving tenant”. Most of all, however, he was the parish priest. It was Father Magroarty Brooke and his henchmen had come to toss into the streets of Carrick.
A phase II study of mitomycin C, etoposide, and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

AbstractStandard chemotherapeutic regimens, such as cisplatin and etoposide, may improve quality of life and prolong survival in patients with incurable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This trial was designed to evaluate the activity and toxicity of a regimen combining three of the most active agents against advanced-stage NSCLC: mitomycin C, etoposide, and cisplatin (MEP). Sixty-eight patients with stage IIIB (pleural effusion) or IV NSCLC received cisplatin 80 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and etoposide 80 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 2, and 3 every 3 weeks along with mitomycin C 10 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 of the first and third cycles for a median of four cycles (range, 1–11). Median age was 59 years, and nine patients were enrolled after relapse from previously treated early-stage NSCLC. Eighty-eight percent of patients had stage IV disease, and 14 (21%) had brain metastases at diagnosis. Palliative radiotherapy was given to 10 patients (15%) before MEP and to 17 (25%) concurrent with MEP. The major toxicity of MEP wa...
A Novel Scoring System for Recovery after VAD Implantation in Children: Initial Feasibility

Purpose Use of MCS in children has increased rapidly in the past decade. Initial reporting has focused on survival and major morbidities. We describe a novel scoring system to measure clinical status after implantation, which we apply to a test series of 25 children. Methods and Materials The scoring system was developed based upon clinical expertise and literature review to capture heart failure severity in a hospitalized cohort. The score is based upon multiple aspects of heart failure care. The components of the scoring system and the score ranges are shown in the table, with examples. Higher scores represent higher levels of care. Final scores are normalized to 100 points. We applied the score to a retrospective test set of 25 children with MCS. Results We evaluated 24 children with 25 MCS implantations as a bridge to transplant between 2009 and 2011. There were 14 males. Mean (SD) age was 6.7 (6.2) yrs. Support duration was 59 (49) days. Outcomes included: transplant (58%), death (29%), and explantation (13%). Devices include EXCOR (12), Thoratec PVAD (9), and other (4). Support was LVAD (17), RVAD (1), and BIVAD (7). Scores at day -3 (pre-implant), and days 7, 21 and 60 are shown in the figure. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions The Stanford VAD score summarizes overall patient recovery after MCS implantation in children. It can be readily obtained from chart review. Validation with other clinical data is needed. Components of Stanford VAD Score Category Point Range Sample Item Nutrition 0–4 Effective enteral support: 1 pt Respiratory Support 0–3 Mechanical ventilation: 3 pts Physical Activity (if > 5 yrs) 0–4 Bed rest: 4 pts Heart Failure Medications 0–7 IV vasoconstrictors: 2 pts Care Setting 0–3 ICU care: 3 pts Total 0–21 (0–17 if
Investigation of Leachability of Subbituminous Fly Ash Enhanced Road Base Materials

Enormous amounts of coal fly ash produced by the utilities industry create a significant disposal problem. The abundance of fly ash along with its self-hardening properties led the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LA DOTD) to use fly ash as a soil stabilizer for road bases. However, the LA DOTD is primarily concerned with the strength of the material and has not studied its leaching characteristics. In this study, a total of three samples, a 30 percent subbituminous fly ash/soil mixture, subbituminous fly ash, and soil, were leached following the EPA multiple extraction procedure and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectrometry (ICAP). Results indicate that little change in leachate quality of subbituminous fly ash was caused by the soil stabilization process. The insignificant change is attributed to the low cation exchange capacity of the soil. ICAP analysis revealed that levels of toxic metals in the leachates are well within RCRA standards.
Observations on the caudal cilium of the tomite of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876

Light microscopy of live or silver-impregnated specimens of the fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis show that the tomites are elongated and claviform with the anterior end broad. The cytostome, indicated by the presence of the organelle of Lieberkuhn, is found in the lower part of the broadened anterior third of the tomite. The tapered posterior end bears a rigid, caudal cilium at its pole. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the caudal cilium and associated structures, including the depression from which the cilium protrudes, circumciliary ring, and raised struts on the ring. From these observations it is concluded that a previously reported “apical filament” found on the tomite is actually the posterior caudal cilium described by Canella & Rocchi-Canella in 1976.
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism after pediatric trauma.

Abstract Background/purpose The purposes of this study were to identify independent predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE), to evaluate the relative impact of adult VTE risk factors, and to identify a pediatric population at high-risk for VTE after trauma. Methods 1934 consecutive pediatric admissions (≤17years) from 01/2000 to 12/2012 at a level 1 trauma center were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of VTE. Results Twenty-two patients (1.2%) developed a VTE, including 5% of those requiring orthopedic surgery, 14% of those with major vascular injury (MVI), and 36% of those with both. Most (84%) were diagnosed at the primary site of injury. 86% of those who developed a VTE were receiving thromboprophylaxis at the time of diagnosis. Independent predictors were age (odds ratio (OR): 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.25), orthopedic surgery (OR: 8.10, CI: 3.10–21.39), transfusion (OR: 3.37, CI: 1.26–8.99), and MVI (OR: 15.43, CI: 5.70–41.76). When known risk factors for VTE in adults were adjusted, significant factors were age ≥13years (OR: 9.16, CI: 1.08–77.89), indwelling central venous catheter (OR: 4.41, CI: 1.31–14.82), orthopedic surgery (OR: 6.80, CI: 2.47–18.74), and MVI (OR: 14.41, CI: 4.60–45.13). Conclusion MVI and orthopedic surgery are synergistic predictors of pediatric VTE. Most children who developed a VTE were receiving thromboprophylaxis at the time of diagnosis.
'You need to let your voice be heard': research participants' views on research

Background Persons with intellectual and develop- mental disabilities have had regrettably few oppor- tunities to voice their opinions on aspects of research with which they have had direct experi- ence. Understanding and responding to these views can contribute to policies and practices that increas- ingly treat people as they desire to be treated. Methods We conducted individual interviews and focus groups with 16 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to examine their perspectives on participating in research. Results Our analysis indicates that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities want to engage in research to improve their quality of life and to have greater access to a worthwhile activity through more active participation. Our results also highlight trust as a critical ingredient in the success of research with this group. Conclusions Our findings suggest that despite ethical challenges, researchers can and should pursue research that has the potential to improve the lives of persons with intellectual and develop- mental disabilities. Such research is more likely to be both ethical and successful if researchers pay attention to enhancing autonomy and person- centredness, while at the same time engendering participant trust.
Bilateral Topographic Symmetry Patterns Across Aphrodite Terra, Venus

Topographic profiles have been obtained across Aphrodite Terra to test for bilateral symmetry of the type associated with thermal boundary layer topography at divergent plate boundaries on earth. In addition to a broad bilateral symmetry at a range of angles across Aphrodite Terra, detailed bilateral symmetry is noted within domains between linear discontinuities in directions parallel to the strike of the discontinuities. The results suggest that western Aphrodite Terra is similar to terrestrial oceanic divergent plate boundary environments, and that the cross-strike discontinuities are analogous to oceanic fracture zones rather than strike-slip faults.
Recreational trails as corridors for alien plants in the Rocky Mountains, USA

ABSTRACT. Alien plant species often use areas of heavy human activity for habitat and dispersal. Roads and utility corridors have been shown to harbor more alien species than the surrounding vegetation and are therefore believed to contribute to alien plant persistence and spread. Recreational trails represent another corridor that could harbor alien species and aid their spread. Effective management of invasive species requires understanding how alien plants are distributed at trailheads and trails and how their dispersal may be influenced by native vegetation. Our overall goal was to investigate the distribution of alien plants at trailheads and trails in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. At trailheads, we found that although the number of alien species was less than the number of native species, alien plant cover ( = 50%) did not differ from native plant cover, and we observed a large number of alien seedlings in the soil seed bank, suggesting that alien plants are a large component of trailhead communi...
Universal guides and finiteness and symmetry of grammar processing algorithms

This paper presents a novel technique called "universal guides" which explores inherent properties of logic grammars (changing variable binding status) in order to characterize formal criteria for termination in a derivation process. The notion of universal guides also offers a new framework in which both parsing and generation can be viewed merely as two different instances of the same generic process: guide consumption. This technique generalizes and exemplifies a new and original use of an existing concept of "proper guides" recently proposed in literature for controlling top-down left-to-right (TDLR) exccution in logic programs. We show that universal guides are independent of a particular grammar evaluation strategy. Also, unlike proper guides they can be specified in the same manner for any given algorithm without knowing in advance whether the algorithm is a parsing or a generation algorithm. Their introduction into a grammar prevents as well the occurrence of certain grammar rules an infinite number of times during a derivation process.
Process Development of Porcelain Ceramic Material with Binder Jetting Process for Dental Applications

Custom ceramic structures possess significant potentials in many applications such as dentistry and aerospace where extreme environments are present. Specifically, highly customized geometries with adequate performance are needed for various dental prostheses applications. This paper demonstrates the development of process and post-process parameters for a dental porcelain ceramic material using binder jetting additive manufacturing (AM). Various process parameters such as binder amount, drying power level, drying time and powder spread speed were studied experimentally for their effect on geometrical and mechanical characteristics of green parts. In addition, the effects of sintering and printing parameters on the qualities of the densified ceramic structures were also investigated experimentally. The results provide insights into the process–property relationships for the binder jetting AM process, and some of the challenges of the process that need to be further characterized for the successful adoption of the binder jetting technology in high quality ceramic fabrications are discussed.