cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results of cemented metal-backed acetabular components: a 10-year-average follow-up study.

Abstract The clinical and radiographic results of 86 primary total hip arthroplasties performed in 74 patients from 1983 to 1987 with a cemented metal-backed acetabular component and a cemented collared straight femoral stem with a 32-mm head were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 10.1 years. Seven patients (9.2%) underwent acetabular component revision at a mean of 9.0 years after implantation; an additional 24 components (31.6%) demonstrated evidence of radiographic loosening, resulting in a total failure rate of 40.8%. Periacetabular radiolucencies were noted in Charnley zones at the following rates: 34.2% in zone I, 18.4% in zone II, and 27.6% in zone III. In addition, 18.4% and 38.2% of implants demonstrated evidence of migration and excessive polyethylene wear. Excessively vertical cup placement (>49° inclination) at the time of initial arthroplasty was statistically correlated with polyethylene wear, implant migration, and fixation failure. A trend of increasing implant failure was also noted with decreasing polyethylene liner thickness. Periacetabular cement mantle thickness was not statistically correlated with subsequent component loosening or failure. Results of Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis using revision as an endpoint showed 93.6% survivorship at 10 years and 88.4% at 12 years. The mean modified Harris hip scores were 46.9 preoperatively and 81.8 at final follow-up. The significant overall rates of radiographic loosening, migration, polyethylene wear, and implant revision confirm the suspected trend of increasing failure rates of cemented metal-backed acetabular components over time.
On Folding a Polygon to a Polyhedron

We show that the open problem presented in Geometric Folding Algorithms: Linkages, Origami, Polyhedra [DO07] is solved by a theorem of Burago and Zalgaller [BZ96] from more than a decade earlier.
Mindreading as a Foundational Skill for Socially Intelligent Robots

Robotic systems that collaborate with humans must respond flexibly to the beliefs, desires, and intentions of their human teammates. Dynamic environments require robots to infer and respond intelligently to the intentions of humans holding potentially false beliefs and invalid plans about the situation at hand. We present a novel integrated architecture that incorporates simulation-theoretic mechanisms that enables our robot to infer the task-related beliefs, desires, and intentions of its human partner(s) based on their observable real-time behavior and visual perspective. Using a novel task suite tested on human subjects and our robot, we demonstrate the first robot system that can successfully handle counterfactual situations in the physical world to appropriately assist its human partners even when their beliefs are false or their plan is invalid for their desired goal.
Hospital policy on advance directives. Do institutions ask patients about living wills

Surveys have shown that a substantial proportion of the population has prepared an advance directive. The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess the existence and nature of hospital policy regarding these documents. A survey questionnaire was sent to 394 randomly selected hospitals in the United States. Of the 219 responding hospitals, 146 (67%) reported having a formal policy regarding advance directives. The large majority of those with a policy require the patient to notify the hospital of an advance directive, while only 4% of the respondents actively inquire about these documents. Hospitals in states with legislation that sanctions advance directives were significantly more likely to have a formal policy regarding these documents than hospitals in states without such legislation. Forty-six percent of the respondents reported having an ethics committee; however, the presence of an ethics committee was not significantly associated with the presence of a formal policy. Of the 69 hospitals that had both a formal policy and an ethics committee, only 30 (43%) reported that the policy had been reviewed by the ethics committee. Ethical and legal issues regarding hospital policy on advance directives are discussed. Hospitals should adopt formal policies to ask all adult patients at the time of admission whether they have prepared a living will, durable power of attorney, or similar document; and ethics committees should play a more active role in policy development. ( JAMA . 1989;262:2411-2414)
Controlling Carrier-Envelope Phase of Grating-Based Chirped Pulse Amplifiers

It was demonstrated that the carrier-envelope phase is sensitive to the variation of the stretcher grating separation. By feedback controlling the grating separation, the phase of the amplified laser pulses is stabilized without disturbing the oscillator.
Detecting abnormal data for ontology based information integration

To better support information integration on Semantic Web data with varying degrees of quality, this paper proposes an approach to detect triples which reflect some sort of error. In particular, erroneous triples may occur due to factual errors in the original data source, misuse of the ontology by the original data source, or errors in the integration process. Although diagnosing such errors is a difficult problem, we propose that the degree to which a triple deviates from similar triples can be an important heuristic for identifying errors. We detect such “abnormal triples” by learning probabilistic rules from the reference data and checking to what extent these rules agree with the triples. The system consists of two components for two types of abnormal relational descriptions that a Semantic Web statement could have, whether accidentally or maliciously: a statement could relate two resources that are unlikely to have anything in common or an inappropriate predicate could be used to describe the relation between the two resources. The classification technique is adopted to learn statistical characteristics for detecting a suspect resource pair, i.e. there is no significant relation between the subject and the object in the statement. For the suspect usages of a predicate, the system learns semantic patterns for each predicate from indirect semantic connections between the subject / object pairs.
Global Sulfur Emissions in the 1990s

This paper provides global and individual country estimates of sulfur emissions from 1991-2000. Raw estimates are obtained in two ways. For countries and years with published data I compile that data from the available sources. For the remaining countries and for missing years for countries with some published data, I use either the decomposition model estimated by Stern (2002), the first differences environmental Kuznets curve model estimated by Stern and Common (2001), or a simple extrapolation, depending on the availability of data to interpolate or extrapolate estimates. The results are combined with estimates from the ASL database for earlier years to develop continuous time series from 1850 to 2000. Finally, I discuss the main movements in global and regional emissions in the 1990s and compare the results to other studies. Global emissions peaked in 1989 or 1991 and declined rapidly thereafter. The locus of emissions shifted towards East and South Asia, but even this region peaked in 1996. Our estimates tend to be lower than other published studies and show a much more rapid decline reflecting the view that technological progress in reducing sulfur based pollution has been rapid and is beginning to diffuse worldwide.
Conditional Differences in Mean Reaction Time Explain Effects of Response Congruency, but not Accuracy, on Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Activity

According to the conflict-monitoring model of cognitive control, the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) plays an important role in detecting conflict between competing motor responses. Consistent with this view, pMFC activity is greater in high-conflict trials (e.g., incongruent trials and errors) than in low-conflict trials (e.g., congruent trials and correct responses) of distractor interference tasks. However, in both low- and high-conflict trials, pMFC activity increases linearly with reaction time (RT). Thus, heightened pMFC activity in high-conflict trials may simply reflect the fact that mean RT is longer in high-conflict than in low-conflict trials. To investigate this hypothesis, we reanalyzed data from a previously published fMRI study in which participants performed an event-related version of the multi-source interference task. Critically, after controlling for conditional differences in mean RT, effects of response congruency on pMFC activity were eliminated; in contrast, effects of response accuracy on pMFC activity remained robust. These findings indicate that effects of response congruency on pMFC activity may index any of several processes whose recruitment increases with time on task (e.g., sustained attention). However, effects of response accuracy reflect processes unique to error trials. We conclude that effects of response accuracy on pMFC activity provide stronger support for the conflict-monitoring model than effects of response congruency.
Generalizing discriminant analysis using the generalized singular value decomposition

Discriminant analysis has been used for decades to extract features that preserve class separability. It is commonly defined as an optimization problem involving covariance matrices that represent the scatter within and between clusters. The requirement that one of these matrices be nonsingular limits its application to data sets with certain relative dimensions. We examine a number of optimization criteria, and extend their applicability by using the generalized singular value decomposition to circumvent the nonsingularity requirement. The result is a generalization of discriminant analysis that can be applied even when the sample size is smaller than the dimension of the sample data. We use classification results from the reduced representation to compare the effectiveness of this approach with some alternatives, and conclude with a discussion of their relative merits.
True single view point cone mirror omni-directional catadioptric system

Pinhole camera model is a simplified subset of geometric optics. In special cases like the image formation of the cone (a degenerate conic section) mirror in an omnidirectional view catadioptric system, there are more complex optical phenomena involved that the simple pinhole model can not explain. We show that using the full geometric optics model a true single viewpoint cone mirror omni-directional system can be built. We show how such a system is built first, and then show in detail how each optical phenomenon works together to make the system true single viewpoint. The new system requires only simple off-the-shelf components and still outperforms other single viewpoint omni-systems for many applications.
Treatment of warty dyskeratoma with tazarotenic acid.

Abstract A patient with warty dyskeratoma was successfully treated with tazarotenic acid gel. We present evidence to support that this did not occur by chance and suggest that tazarotenic acid be investigated further for the treatment of similar dyskeratatic disorders. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:S4.)
Effect of Cu doping on polycrystalline CdTe prepared by close-spaced sublimation

It is well known that Cu plays a key role in the CdTe solar cell. In this study, the effect of Cu on the resistivity of polycrystalline CdTe films was investigated. CdTe films with various thicknesses were deposited by Close-Spaced Sublimation (CSS) and their Cu concentration was varied. Temperature-resistivity measurements were performed and activation energies were calculated to identify the various defect levels that control the resistivity of the CdTe film. The effect of the cadmium chloride heat treatment on the Cu doped samples was also studied. Although the addition of both Cu and CdCl2 heat treatment caused a reduction in resistivity, a compensating mechanism was observed for Cu doping.
Norepinephrine Transporter Blockade With Atomoxetine Induces Hypertension in Patients With Impaired Autonomic Function

Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine transporter blocker, could increase blood pressure by elevating norepinephrine concentration in peripheral sympathetic neurons. This effect may be masked in healthy subjects by central sympatholytic mechanisms. To test this hypothesis we studied the pressor effect of 18 mg of atomoxetine (pediatric dose) in 21 patients with damage of the central (10 subjects) and peripheral (11 subjects) autonomic nervous system. Atomoxetine was administered in a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled fashion, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline and for 60 minutes after drug intake. Atomoxetine acutely increased seated and standing systolic blood pressure in patients with central autonomic failure by 54+/-26 (mean+/-standard deviation; P=0.004) and 45+/-23 mm Hg (P=0.016), respectively, as compared with placebo. At the end of the observation period the mean seated systolic blood pressure in the atomoxetine group was in the hypertensive range (149+/-26, range 113 to 209 mm Hg). However, in patients with peripheral autonomic failure, atomoxetine did not elicit a pressor response; seated and standing systolic blood pressure increased by 4+/-18 mm Hg (P=0.695) and 0.6+/-8 mm Hg (P=0.546) with atomoxetine as compared with placebo. In conclusion, atomoxetine induces a dramatic increase in blood pressure in patients with central autonomic failure even at very low doses. These findings suggest that a functional central sympatholytic pathway is essential to avoid hypertension in patients treated with this drug. Caution should be exercised when this medication is used in patients with milder form of autonomic impairment.
Human Pregnancy Specific Beta-1-Glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) Has a Potential Role in Placental Vascular Morphogenesis

Previous studies suggest that human pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoproteins (PSGs) play immunomodulatory roles during pregnancy; however, other possible functions of PSGs have yet to be explored. We have observed that PSGs induce transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), which among its other diverse functions inhibits T-cell function and has proangiogenic properties. The present study investigates a potential role for PSG1, the most abundant PSG in maternal serum, as a possible inducer of proangiogenic growth factors known to play an important role in establishment of the vasculature at the maternal-fetal interface. To this end, we measured TGFB1, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) A and C, and placental growth factor (PGF) protein levels in several cell types after PSG1 treatment. In addition, tube formation and wound healing assays were performed to investigate a possible direct interaction between PSG1 and endothelial cells. PSG1 induced up-regulation of both TGFB1 and VEGFA in human monocytes, macrophages, and two human extravillous trophoblast cell lines. We did not observe induction of VEGFC or PGF by PSG1 in any of the cells tested. PSG1 treatment resulted in endothelial tube formation in the presence and absence of VEGFA. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to map the essential regions within the N-domain of PSG1 required for functional activity. We found that the aspartic acid at position 95, previously believed to be required for binding of PSGs to cells, is not required for PSG1 activity but that the amino acids implicated in the formation of a salt bridge within the N-domain are essential for PSG1 function.
Self-Reaction of HO2 and DO2: Negative temperature dependence and pressure effects

The negative temperature dependence, pressure dependence, and isotope effects of the self-reaction of HO2 are modeled, using RRKM theory, by assuming that the reaction proceeds via a cyclic, hydrogen-bonded intermediate. The negative temperature dependence is due to a tight transition state, with a negative threshold energy relative to reactants, for decomposition of the intermediate to products. A symmetric structure for this transition state reproduces the observed isotope effect. The weak pressure dependence for DO2 self-reaction is due to the approach to the high-pressure limit. Addition of a polar collision partner, such as ammonia or water vapor, enhances the rate by forming an adduct that reacts to produce deexcited intermediate. A detailed model is presented to fit the data for these effects. Large ammonia concentrations should make it possible to reach the high-pressure limit of the self-reaction of HO2.
Energy-optimal path planning for six-rotors on multi-target missions

Often times in multi-target, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) applications, minimizing energy consumption is a common goal. In simplified cases, this problem can be solved by minimizing the path length between targets using the Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighborhoods (TSPN). However, this method does not take into account the attitude of the UAS. In addition, minimum path length does not always correlate to minimum energy consumption. This research proposes an approach to both problems. A method is proposed to more accurately model multi-target, six-rotor aircraft missions using the Generalized TSPN (GTSPN), which can account for the non-convex characteristics of the neighborhoods created by accounting for variable attitude. To address the energy consumption problem, a heuristic procedure is proposed to solve GTSPN instances using a genetic algorithm approach that incorporates a fine-tuned, dynamic model of a six-rotor to simulate energy consumption. Numerical simulations are performed on randomly generated instances with up to 50 targets to show that the proposed procedure determines tours for a given instance within a 1% standard deviation error from the best-known tour and on average improves the results obtained with the TSPN formulation up to 11.4%.
Abstract 600: Novel Assays to Determine in vivo Platelet Activation

In vivo platelet activation is associated with several pathologic entities, including acute coronary syndrome, essential thrombocythemia, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The need for more robust biomarkers with which to assess platelet activation in vivo in human diseases is well recognized. Our lab has developed two novel assays to study in vivo platelet activation and rate of turnover. During platelet activation, malondialdehyde (MDA) is produced by the thromboxane synthase in amounts equimolar to thromboxane A2 and also non-enzymatically by lipid peroxidation resulting from the oxidative processes that accompany activation. MDA is a reactive dicarbonyl that reacts with amines, notably lysines on proteins, yielding covalent modifications of the proteins that then accumulate over the lifetime of the platelet. We developed an LC/MS/MS method for quantification of the most stable of three MDA adducts, the dilysyl-MDA crosslink, employing a [13C12] labeled internal stan...
Validation of the HOOS, JR: A Short-form Hip Replacement Survey.

Background Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly in demand for outcomes evaluation by hospitals, administrators, and policymakers. However, assessing total hip arthroplasty (THA) through such instruments is challenging because most existing measures of hip health are lengthy and/or proprietary.
Confusion in Risk Aversion Experiments in Low-Income Countries

Although early risk aversion experiments were designed to detect subject confusion, many recent studies are not, and pay little attention to the issue. I re-examine four recent studies in low-income countries and find that the empirical distribution of risk aversion in one AER study is statistically indistinguishable from that of confused subjects making choices at random. Eighty percent of subjects in a second AER study answered in a way that is consistent with a heuristic strategy, and responses imply extremely high levels of risk-loving behavior. Researchers should design to detect confusion, and journals should demand the results.
Extraosseous tracer-avid findings on 18F-NaF bone PET/CT - A pictorial review

1248 Learning Objectives 1. To study various extraosseous tracer-avid fndings on 18F-NaF bone PET/CT. 2. To understand the underlying pathophysiology and imaging manifestation of such lesions. 3. To explore potential role of 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging in extraosseous disease evaluation. We discuss our experience with 18F-NaF bone PET/CT with extraosseous tracer-avid findings. The lesions are seen in various soft tissue structures such as brain, heart, liver, lungs and lymph nodes, and some of them demonstrate visible calcifcation on CT. Different underlying pathophysiologic processes seem to render lesions as NaF-avid, including infarcts, primary malignant and metastatic processes. 18F-NaF uptake in soft tissue lesions may be attributed to underlying pathophysiologic processes such as micro-/macrocalcification and increased tissue permeability.
Characterizing string-of-pearls colloidal silica by multidetector hydrodynamic chromatography and comparison to multidetector size-exclusion chromatography, off-line multiangle static light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy.

The string-of-pearls-type morphology is ubiquitous, manifesting itself variously in proteins, vesicles, bacteria, synthetic polymers, and biopolymers. Characterizing the size and shape of analytes ...
Crystal growth, structure, and physical properties of LnCu2(Al,Si)5 (Ln = La and Ce).

LnCu{sub 2}(Al,Si){sub 5} (Ln = La and Ce) were synthesized and characterized. These compounds adopt the SrAu{sub 2}Ga{sub 5} structure type and crystallize in the tetragonal space group P4/mmm with unit cell dimensions of a {approx} 4.2 {angstrom} and c {approx} 7.9 {angstrom}. Herein, we report the structure as obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally, we report the magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, resistivity, and specific heat capacity data obtained for polycrystalline samples of LnCu{sub 2}(Al,Si){sub 5} (Ln = La and Ce).
On a photometric method which is independent of color

(1893). On a photometric method which is independent of colour. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 36, No. 221, pp. 380-383.
Y-box binding protein-1 implicated in translational control of fetal myocardial gene expression after cardiac transplant

Peri-transplant surgical trauma and ischemia/reperfusion injury in accepted murine heterotopic heart grafts has been associated with myofibroblast differentiation, cardiac fibrosis and biomechanical-stress activation of the fetal myocardial smooth muscle α-actin (SMαA) gene. The wound-healing agonists, transforming growth factor β1 and thrombin, are known to coordinate SMαA mRNA transcription and translation in activated myofibroblasts by altering the subcellular localization and mRNA-binding affinity of the Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) cold-shock domain (CSD) protein that governs a variety of cellular responses to metabolic stress. YB-1 accumulated in polyribosome-enriched regions of the sarcoplasm proximal to cardiac intercalated discs in accepted heart grafts. YB-1 binding to a purine-rich motif in exon 3 of SMαA mRNA that regulates translational efficiency increased substantially in perfusion-isolated, rod-shaped adult rat cardiomyocytes during phenotypic de-differentiation in the presence of serum-derived growth factors. Cardiomyocyte de-differentiation was accompanied by the loss of a 60 kDa YB-1 variant that was highly expressed in both adult myocardium and freshly isolated myocytes and replacement with the 50 kDa form of YB-1 (p50) typically expressed in myofibroblasts that demonstrated sequence-specific interaction with SMαA mRNA. Accumulation of p50 YB-1 in reprogrammed, de-differentiated myocytes was associated with a 10-fold increase in SMαA protein expression. Endomyocardial biopsies collected from patients up to 14 years after heart transplant showed variable yet coordinately elevated expression of SMαA and p50 YB-1 protein and demonstrable p50 YB-1:SMαA mRNA interaction. The p60 YB-1 variant in human heart graft samples, but neither mouse p60 nor mouse or human p50, reacted with an antibody specific for the phosphoserine 102 modification in the YB-1 CSD. Modulation of YB-1 subcellular compartmentalization and mRNA-binding activity may be linked with reprogramming of contractile protein gene expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes that could contribute to maladaptive remodeling in accepted, long-term heart grafts.
Recurrent Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome and the Radial Forearm Free Flap

Tarsal tunnel syndrome results from posterior tibial nerve entrapment beneath the flexor retinaculum and the deep fascia. The syndrome consists of pain, paresthesias, and vasomotor changes. Surgical correction via release of the flexor retinaculum is the treatment of choice. There is however, a 10% to 20% failure rate, with little in the literature addressing treatment options in this subset of individuals. Two patients with recurrent tarsal tunnel syndrome were treated with re-release of the retinaculum, followed by nerve coverage with a radial forearm free flap. At 15 and 27 months, both patients were pain-free, ambulatory, and able to return to work.
Navigation method of the monocular vision based mobile robot

Due to the complex floor circumstances of the outdoors and the greatly changed intensity of light,the visual navigation of a mobile robot is still a problem.A new monocular robot's navigation method based on color image processing was proposed for solving this problem.By use of the image partition of the HSI model and mathematic morphology,the trajectory was picked out and the stop-sign drawn was recognized beforehand from the image.Then the "sampling estimated" method has used to calculate the parameters of navigation.According to the experiment this method is less impacted by light and floor circumstance,less error of aberrancy,better real-time and robustness.
Complex Interplay of Physiology and Selection in the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance

Summary Emergence of antibiotic resistance, an evolutionary process of major importance for human health [1], often occurs under changing levels of antibiotics. Selective sweeps, in which resistant cells become dominant in the population, are a critical step in this process [2]. While resistance emergence has been studied in laboratory experiments [3–8], the full progression of selective sweeps under fluctuating stress, from stochastic events in single cells to fixation in populations, has not been characterized. Here, we study fluctuating selection using Escherichia coli populations engineered with a stochastic switch controlling tetracycline resistance. Using microfluidics and live-cell imaging, we treat multiple E. coli populations with the same total amount of tetracycline but administered in different temporal patterns. We find that populations exposed to either short or long antibiotic pulses are likely to develop resistance through selective sweeps, whereas intermediate pulses allow higher growth rates but suppress selective sweeps. On the basis of single-cell measurements and a dynamic growth model, we identify the major determinants of population growth and show that both physiological memory and environmental durations can strongly modulate the emergence of resistance. Our detailed quantification in a model synthetic system provides key lessons on the interaction between single-cell physiology and selection that should inform the design of treatment regimens [9–12] and the analysis of phenotypically diverse populations adapting under fluctuating selection [13–17].
RECENT STUDIES OF METHIONINE AND CYSTEINE

Abstract Some recent studies of the biologically important amino acids, cysteine and methionine, are summarized. The number of derivatives of these amino acids which are available for peptide syntheses, end-group determinations, resolutions and analyses has increased markedly in the last several years and references to methods of preparation of representative derivatives are therefore included. A summary of methods of synthesis of cysteine and methionine, as well as studies of oxidations and biological interests—especially those relating to trans-methylation reactions—are reviewed briefly.
Integrating Remote Sensing Data with Socioeconomic Data: Sensitivity, Confidentiality, Privacy, and Intellectual Property Challenges

The integration of remote sensing data with socioeconomic data presents new opportunities for scientific discovery and analysis that can improve understanding of the environmental sustainability issues that society faces today. Such integrated data products and services can be used to study interdisciplinary issues by investigators representing various disciplines. In addition to the scientific benefits that can be attained by integrating remote sensing data with socioeconomic data, the integration of these data also present challenges that reflect the complex issues that arise when sharing and integrating different types of science data. When integrating one or more datasets that contain sensitive information, data producers need to be aware of the limitations that have been placed upon the data to protect private property, species or other inhabitants that reside on the property, or restricted information about a particular location. Similarly, confidentiality and privacy issues are a concern for data that have been collected about individual humans and families who have volunteered to serve as human research subjects or whose personal information may have been collected without their knowledge. In addition, intellectual property rights that are associated with a particular dataset may prevent integration with other data or pose constraints on the use of the resulting data products or services. These challenges will be described along with approaches that can be applied to address them when planning projects that involve the integration of remote sensing data with socioeconomic data.
Digitally enhanced inter-modulation distortion compensation in wideband spectrum sensing

The wideband spectrum sensing is vulnerable to interferers and blockers due to inter-modulation distortion (IMD) that arises in nonlinear front-end. Traditional DSP-enhanced receivers use least mean squares (LMS) filters to mitigate IMD. We theoretically study the performance of LMS-based algorithm and give expression of its residual distortion power. We then propose a novel compensation algorithm that outperforms LMS. Compared with LMS, our algorithm improves the effective spurious-free dynamic range by 10 dB. In sensing signals under 0 dB SNR, receivers with our solution tolerate 5 dB stronger interferers than those adopting LMS.
Ethanol itself is a holoprosencephaly-inducing teratogen

Ethanol is a teratogen, inducing a variety of structural defects in developing humans and animals that are exposed in utero. Mechanisms of ethanol teratogenicity in specific defects are not well understood. Oxidative metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase or cytochrome P450 2E1 has been implicated in some of ethanol's teratogenic effects, either via production of acetaldehyde or competitive inhibition of retinoic acid synthesis. Generalized oxidative stress in response to ethanol may also play a role in its teratogenicity. Among the developmental defects that ethanol has been implicated in is holoprosencephaly, a failure to define the midline of the forebrain and midface that is associated with a deficiency in Sonic hedgehog pathway function. Etiologically, holoprosencephaly is thought to arise from a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. We have developed a gene-environment interaction model of holoprosencephaly in mice, in which mutation of the Sonic hedgehog coreceptor, Cdon, synergizes with transient in utero exposure to ethanol. This system was used to address whether oxidative metabolism is required for ethanol's teratogenic activity in holoprosencephaly. We report here that t-butyl alcohol, which is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenases or Cyp2E1, is a potent inducer of holoprosencephaly in Cdon mutant mice. Additionally, antioxidant treatment did not prevent ethanol- or t-butyl alcohol-induced HPE in these mice. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that ethanol itself, rather than a consequence of its metabolism, is a holoprosencephaly-inducing teratogen.
War in international society: Lacy Pejcinovic, London, UK: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2013, 234 pp.

War in International Society is centered on the discussion of war as a social institution that arises from the interaction of strategic actors in an ever-changing world. The author argues that thes...
Optimal consignment stocking policy for a vendor-buyer supply chain system with periodic inventory audit and in-transit holding cost

The research presents an integrated inventory model for a single-vendor-single-buyer consignment stock policy where demand rate and lead-time are constant. The vendor controls the buyer's warehouse, whereas the stock of all finished goods is owned by the vendor. The vendor delivers finished goods to the buyer at a fixed lot size. Shortage is not allowed by controlling the production rate greater than the demand rate. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear cost model which is minimised to arrive at an optimal policy to cooperatively operate the joint contract. An iterative search approach is followed to obtain an optimal value of order quantity and number of shipments. Computational results are presented for a practical example and some empirical studies. The model presented here are applicable in numerous supply chain systems including retail business, assembly and production houses, where two parties are tied together for achieving their common goal.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Physical Properties of Inhalational Agents

While there are multiple inhalational agents discovered over the past few decades, only three remain particularly relevant today in the United States. This chapter will review major properties of sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and halothane in clinical practice as well as the basic pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of inhalational agents.
Acquiescing to the Script: A Panel Study of College Students’ Sexual Media Habits, Endorsement of Heteronormative Scripts, and Their Hesitance Toward Resisting Unwanted Hookups

The present study set out to better understand how sexual entertainment media may be related to college students’ heteronormative beliefs about sexuality and how these beliefs may be related to college students’ hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups. In a 2-month two-panel survey, cross-lagged models found 292 U.S. college women’s sexual media habits were related to higher endorsement of heteronormative scripts, and their endorsement of heteronormative scripts were related to a hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups. In addition, a half longitudinal mediation model found college women’s sexual media habits were indirectly related to a greater hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups through their endorsement of heteronormative scripts. The same analyses involving 88 U.S. college men were not significant, although the sample size for men did not reach the level needed for statistical power. These results provide some initial evidence that college women’s, but not men’s, hesitance toward resisting unwanted hookups could be related to beliefs reinforced by their habits regarding sexual entertainment media, which suggests the importance of educating young adult women about sexual agency, consent, and how to combat the role to which they are relegated within heteronormative scripts.
The Glass Closet: Perceptions of Homosexuality in Intercollegiate Sport

A mixed-methods approach was used to examine the perceptions and prevalence of open homosexuality in intercollegiate sport in the United States. Universityhosted biographies of NCAA Bowl Championship Series (BCS) head coaches were coded to determine the frequency of head coaches listing a wife, husband, and same-sex partner (Calhoun, LaVoi, & Johnson, 2011). These findings were paired with interviews of five college coaches exploring their feelings toward the culture surrounding homosexuality, by players, coaches, and administrators, at their university. Only one coach of more than 1,000 was identified as having a same-sex partner in university-sponsored coaching biographies. Interview findings revealed collegiate athletics is not as accepting to homosexuality even though societal acceptance is increasing.
“A Dream Deferred”: How Discrimination Impacts the American Dream Achievement for African Americans:

The American Dream (TAD) is an ideological symbol of achievement and success in American culture. Historical barriers to equal opportunities and economic attainment through racial discrimination ha...
Mechanical and Thermoelectric Behavior of Composition Modulated Foils

From measurements of independent elastic moduli it has been shown that the large, modulation wavelength dependent enhancement of the biaxial modulis in composition modulated foils is due to the changes in the primary elastic constants. These results provide an explanation for some of the apparently conflicting data in the literature. The plastic and thermoelectric properties of these materials were also found to be anomalous and wavelength dependent.
THE ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN FORMS IN WATERS AND WASTEWATERS

This paper reviews the current state of the art in the analysis of organic, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in natural waters, at various concentration ranges. Special attention is paid to the precision of such methods at different concentration levels. Methods of satisfactory precision, ease of performance and freedom from interference appear to be available for the various concentration ranges of interest for ammonia (50 μg/l - >30 mg N/l) and nitrite (1 μg/l — > 2 mg N/fc). The use of a borate buffer is recommended in the distillation of ammonia. The use of carcinogenic materials in the determination of nitrite should be discouraged. The precision of determination of low levels ( 2 0 2 should be pursued. The determination without dilution of nitrate at high (>5 mg N/l) and low (<1 mg N/l) levels can be satisfactorily achieved by reduction techniques. There is an urgent need for the development of a rapid reproducible, and interference-free colorimetric nitrate procedure for concentrations intermediate between the two above-mentioned levels.
Other Epitaxial Oxides on Semiconductors

The success of integrating perovskites on Si(001) has also stimulated work on developing growth processes for other oxide materials, other crystallographic orientations, and even other semiconductor substrates. A review of the current work is summarized in this chapter, including efforts at growing the opposite stack of semiconductors on oxide surfaces. Work on the epitaxial integration of oxides on Si(111), Ge, GaAs, GaN, SiC is described. Oxides other than SrTiO3 that have been grown on Si(100) are also reviewed. It is hoped that this short history of the major advances in oxide/semiconductor epitaxy can provide insight into the various substrate preparation and film deposition tricks and techniques that enable such epitaxial systems to be made.
School Readiness in Preschoolers With Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To compare school readiness in preschoolers with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms using a comprehensive framework. We hypothesized that preschoolers with ADHD symptoms have higher odds of school readiness impairment. METHODS: Children ages 4 to 5 years (n = 93) were divided into 2 groups on the basis of presence of ADHD symptoms (ADHD group, n = 45; comparison group, n = 48). School readiness was assessed through 10 component measures, including direct assessments and standardized questionnaires, regarding 5 school readiness domains: physical well-being and motor development, social and emotional development, approaches to learning, language, and cognition and general knowledge. Analysis of covariance compared group mean scores on component measures. Domain impairment was defined as score ≥1 SD from the test population mean in the unfavorable direction on ≥1 measure in the domain. School readiness impairment was defined as impairment in ≥2 of 5 domains. Logistic regression predicted impairment within domains and overall readiness. RESULTS: The ADHD group demonstrated significantly worse mean scores on 8 of 10 component measures and greater odds of impairment in all domains except for cognition and general knowledge. Overall, 79% of the ADHD group and 13% of the comparison group had school readiness impairment (odds ratio 21, 95% confidence interval 5.67–77.77, P CONCLUSIONS: Preschoolers with ADHD symptoms are likely to have impaired school readiness. We recommend early identification of school readiness impairment by using a comprehensive 5-domain framework in children with ADHD symptoms paired with targeted intervention to improve outcomes.
From thermodynamics to creativity: McHarg’s ecological planning theory and its implications for resilience planning and adaptive design

American landscape architect Ian L. McHarg developed an ecological planning theory and method for analyzing biophysical and sociocultural landscape characteristics and for evaluating these to determine suitable land uses. McHarg’s classic 1969 text, Design with Nature brought ecological planning to a mass audience, and his suitability analysis method was widely adopted. The theory, however, was neglected, as McHarg himself noted in his preface to the twenty-fifth anniversary edition of the book. A half-century later, there remains a need for theories that address the fit between humans and their environments, especially given ongoing environmental concerns marked by complexity and uncertainty. A fresh look at McHarg’s ambitious theory reveals it to have considerable depth, with much of its scientific foundation retaining relevance. It is unique in its capacity for connecting planning and design to ecology and evolutionary biology. In particular, energy, order, and disorder; adaptation; health; creativity; and human agency were addressed by McHarg, and these concepts remain integral to environmental problem-solving today. Using McHarg’s writings as the basis for a detailed analysis, we explore the meaning and significance of McHarg’s parallel constructs: syntropic fitness–health and entropic misfitting–morbidity and death. The theory is placed in the historical and contemporary contexts of environmental planning and the science of ecology. Criticisms of McHarg’s theory are addressed, and outdated aspects are identified. We connect relevant parts of the theory to socio-ecological practice through clear explanation of abstract concepts and identification of themes important for resilience planning and adaptive design.
Vanadium-Catalyzed Selective Oxidative Homocoupling of Alkenyl Phenols to Synthesize Lignan Analogs.

The oxidative homocoupling of para-alkenyl phenols and subsequent trapping of the resulting quinone methide with a variety of oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles were achieved. Both β-β and β-O coupli...
Analysis of Online Suicide Risk with Document Embeddings and Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Machine learning to infer suicide risk and urgency is applied to a dataset of Reddit users in which the risk and urgency labels were derived from crowdsource consensus. We present the results of machine learning models based on transfer learning from document embeddings trained on large external corpora, and find that they have very high F1 scores (.83 -. 92) in distinguishing which users are labeled as being most at risk of committing suicide. We further show that the document embedding approach outperforms a method based on word importance, where important words were identified by domain experts. Finally, we find, using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model, that users labeled at-risk for suicide post about different topics to the rest of Reddit than non-suicidal users.
Transforming Finance Into Vision: Concurrent Financial Time Series as Convolutional Nets

We present a novel representation for multiple synchronized financial time series as images, motivated by deep learning methods in machine vision. The research pursues two related strands of inquir...
Vibration overtone hyperpolarizability measured for H2.

The second hyperpolarizability (γ) of the H2 molecule was measured by gas-phase electric field induced second harmonic generation at the frequencies of the one-photon resonance for the 3–0 Q(J) overtone transitions (v, J = 0, J → 3, J for J = 0, 1, 2, and 3). The magnitude of the resonant contribution to γ was measured with 2% accuracy using the previously determined non-resonant γ for calibration. Pressure broadening and frequency shift for the transitions were also measured. A theoretical expression for the resonant vibrational γ contribution in terms of transition polarizabilities is compared to the observations. The measured γ resonance strength is 4%–14% larger than the results obtained from this theoretical expression evaluated using ab initio transition polarizabilities.
Screw in Lisfranc Ligament.

Background. Injury to the Lisfranc interosseous ligament is currently managed with a screw. However, this can potentially further disrupt the ligament. The objective of this study was to observe th...
A survey of cancer testis antigen (CTA) expression across T-cell lymphoma subtypes.

e15246Background: T-cell lymphomas (TCL) are a rare and heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that originate from T- and NK-cells and portends a poor prognosis. One promising therapeut...
Diagnostic value of 13C respiratory test and fecal antigen test in children with Helicobacter pylori infection

Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of 13C respiratory test and fecal antigen test in children with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Methods Sixty-six children with gastrointestinal symptoms in the Department of Gastroenterology in Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital from February 2017 to January 2019 were selected. All patients underwent Hp fecal antigen test (HpSA) and 13C urea breath test (13C-UBT). A gastroscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Statistics of Hp infection in 66 children were analyzed and the diagnostic efficacy of HpSA and 13C-UBT was analyzed. Results Thirty-six patients were diagnosed as Hp-positive in 27 cases by gastroscopy, and Hp-negative in 38 cases, not sure for one case. One case of uncertainty was excluded from the diagnostic efficacy study, so that, 65 patients entered the diagnostic efficacy analysis. The diagnostic sensitivity of HpSA to Hp infection in 65 patients was 77.78% (21/27), the specificity was 92.11% (35/38), and the diagnostic accuracy was 86.15% (56/65). The 13C-UBT susceptibility rate was 96.30% (26/27), the specificity was 89.47% (34/38), and the diagnostic accuracy was 92.31% (60/65). The sensitivity of13C-UBT to Hp infection was higher than that of HpSA, and the difference was significant (χ2=4.103, P=0.043). Conclusions The results of13C-UBT test can effectively reflect the Hp status in the stomach of children, and its specificity and sensitivity are high. HpSA detection has the advantage of easy operation, moreover, it can be used as an auxiliary alternative to13C-UBT. Key words: Helicobacter pylori infection, children; Fecal antigen test; 13C breath test
What Does Marriage Mean to Us? Marital Centrality among Newlywed Couples:

With marriage now delayed until later in the life course, developmental and young adult scholars have increasingly focused on how relational and marital beliefs of unmarried young adults influence ...