cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of community in facilitating service utilization.

SUMMARY Guided by an integrated theory of parent participation, this study examines the role community characteristics play in influencing a parent's decision to use voluntary child abuse prevention programs. Multiple regression techniques were used to determine if different community characteristics, such as neighborhood distress and the community's ratio of caregivers to those in need of care, predict service utilization levels in a widely available home visiting program. Our findings suggest that certain community characteristics are significant predictors of the extent to which families utilize voluntary family supports over and above the proportion of variance explained by personal characteristics and program experiences. Contrary to our initial assumptions, however, new parents living in the most disorganized communities received more home visits than program participants living in more organized communities. The article concludes with recommendations on how community capacity building might be used...
The place of focal engineering in university education

The engineering enterprise is considered as a contextualized phenomenon. Three layers of context are pointed out. The immediate context is the realm of technological systems. These are embedded in the realm of systems in general. And systems are constructs arising out of the real world. On one hand, the contextualization of the engineering enterprise by socially constituted decisions coming from the real world is indicated as one instance of the technology/society relationship. On the other, colonization of the real world by the technologized practices of the engineering enterprise is another instance of that relationship. Focal engineering, which can be nurtured in the university, is suggested as a practice that checks the totalizing effects of colonization and gives voice to muted contexts.
Fluorourodynamic and clinical evaluation in males following construction of a Kock ileal-urethral reservoir

Abstract Objectives Since 1986, we have offered the option of lower urinary tract reconstruction with the Kock ileal-urethral reservoir in selected male patients requiring diversion. This study provides insight into the functional characteristics of the Kock ileal-urethral reservoir and its effect on continence. Methods Twenty-four of the initial 225 male patients undergoing this procedure at our institution were evaluated by fluorourodynamics within 2 years of neobladder construction. Information regarding continence was also obtained by means of a patient interview and questionnaire. Results The average resting neobladder pressure was 8.5 cm H2O (range, 0 to 18). Reservoir capacity averaged 741 cc (range, 225 to 1400). Afferent nipple failure with bilateral grade II vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 1 patient (4%). Unsatisfactory daytime continence was seen in 2 patients (8%). Unsatisfactory nighttime continence was seen in 6 patients (25%). Patient satisfaction was high with an average rating of 8.6 on a scale of 1 to 10. Conclusions Fluorourodynamic data demonstrate a low-pressure, high-capacity reservoir with a low incidence of reflux. The rate of continence is acceptable and patient satisfaction is excellent. The Kock ilealurethral reservoir is an excellent alternative to standard diversion for the male patient undergoing cystectomy.
Serum lipoprotein alterations of rabbits fed high fat soy protein-dextrose diets

Abstract Male New Zealand white rabbits were pair-fed high fat, soy protein-dextrose diets containing either hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) or safflower oil (SAF) for 100 days. A third group was fed a low fat, soy protein dextrose-corn oil diet (SD) previously shown to be normocholesterolemic in this model. All animals gained similar amounts of weight during the feeding period. The HCO group was significantly hyperlipidemic with elevations of total cholesterol (TC), esterified cholesterol (EC), and phospholipid (PL) fractions. Significant increases of all serum lipoproteins were observed with the HCO diet. The greatest lipoprotein mass increase was in the intermediate density (IDL) fraction. Elevations of EC, PL, and protein contents of all lipoprotein classes were also observed with the HCO diet. Free cholesterol (FC) and triglyceride (TG) were increased to a lesser extent resulting in a net EC enrichment relative to TG among core components. Fatty acid analyses of lipoprotein lipid fractions (TG, EC, PL) reflected the dietary fat type fed except in the IDL fraction of the SAF group. In this instance, significant amounts of oleic acid relative to linoleic acid were observed. This alteration may be the result of the previously reported positional specificity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) especially when very low density lipoprotein substrates are enriched in linoleate as in the SAF diet fed case. That this change did not occur in the LDL fraction suggests that additional mechanisms other than LPL catalyzed hydrolysis also contribute to LDL composition in the steady state. Such mechanisms may include EC transfer protein mediated exchange, membrane receptor activities, and direct tissue synthesis. The extent to which IDL also participates in such mechanisms also remains to be elucidated.
CO2 LASER TRAP FOR CESIUM ATOMS

We demonstrate a quasi-electrostatic trap for cold Cs atoms, using a focused 20-W CO2 laser beam (λ = 10.6 μm). Excluding background gas collisions, we measure a trap loss rate of 0.30(33) atoms/s, which is consistent with the calculated photon-limited loss rate of 3 × 10−11 atoms/s. We measure a ground-state hyperfine population relaxation lifetime of at least 10 s.
Performance comparison of two space-time trellis-coded modulation schemes

In Tarokh's space-time trellis-coded modulation (STTCM), diversity gain is relatively easy to control by the rank of the code distance matrix. However, it is difficult to perfectly optimize coding gain. Meanwhile, by concatenating orthogonal space-time block codes with traditional trellis-coded modulation, we may obtain full diversity with large coding gain at the price of possible rate loss. In this paper, a coding gain expression is derived to analyze the performance of the two schemes at the same bandwidth efficiency. By assigning optimum codes on Tarokh's STTCM and the concatenated orthogonal STTCM with two transmit antennas and one receive antenna, our analysis and simulation results show that the orthogonal scheme outperforms Tarokh's scheme 1.0 dB /spl sim/2.0 dB at the given bandwidth efficiencies.
Toward the notion of a knowledge repository for financial risk management

An approach for designing a knowledge repository for risk management is presented. Since varied representations are used to capture the diverse types of knowledge involved in this domain, the atomic knowledge units stored in the repository are considered to be domain model (K) and inference method (M) pairs, or (K,M) pairs, which address subtasks in the domain. Such (K,M) pairs are semantically uniform. Conceptually, this allows one to view the repository as though it were a shared "database" of (K,M) pairs that has two key features. First, it serves stand-alone systems by enabling them to apply stored (K,M) pairs and share the generated results, where the applied pairs can be associated with any subtask that is part of an entire application task. Additionally, it avoids capturing redundant subtask-specific K's to the maximum possible extent by dynamically deriving them from the deep-principled K's that it stores.
Factors associated with use of calcium and calcium/vitamin D supplements in older Mexican Americans: Results of the Hispanic EPESE study.

Background: Current studies indicate that older Mexican Americans take fewer calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplements than do older non-Hispanic whites. Factors associated with calcium supplement use are not completely understood in this ethnic group. Objective: The purpose of this article was to determine the prevalence of calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplementation and factors associated with their use in older Mexican Americans. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a random sample of older Mexican Americans residing in the southwestern United States who had participated in the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly. Self-identified Mexican Americans ≥75 years of age were enrolled through household interviews in 2004–2005. Each subject was asked to bring all prescription and nonprescription medications that they had used regularly during the previous 2 weeks to allow the interviewer to record the product names. Dosages were not recorded. Subjects were assigned to 1 of 3 categories based on their use of calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplements during the previous 2 weeks: (1) calcium supplement only, (2) calcium/vitamin D supplement, or (3) vitamin D supplement only. The subjects' sociodemographic and cultural factors, self-reported health and functional status, cognitive status, number of comorbidities, and use of antiosteoporosis medications were recorded. Results: A total of 2069 older Mexican Americans (1272 women, 797 men; mean age, 81.9 years) were enrolled. The overall prevalence of calcium supplement use was 10.6% (weighted). Calcium supplements were used more often by women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.17–2.63), subjects with multiple comorbidities (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10–1.50), those who interviewed in English (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06–2.40), and those who used antiosteoporosis medications (OR = 3.57; 95% CI, 1.85–6.89). Conclusions: Use of calcium or calcium/vitamin D supplements was low (<60%) among this group of older Mexican Americans. Men are particularly at risk. More should be done to raise awareness regarding the benefits of calcium supplementation in this ethnic group.
Pro: Regional anesthesia is preferable to general anesthesia for the patient with heart disease

Summary The debate over regional anesthesia and general anesthesia with respect to relative risk in different classes of patients will probably be interminable until studies addressing the issue begin to specify the treatment protocols more carefully and to control as many variables as possible. Patients with cardiovascular disease who undergo major surgery are special cases in which either form of anesthesia may be acceptable or preferable. The benefits of lesser regional procedures do not necessarily extend to major conduction blockade in these individuals. Appropriate monitoring and goal-directed control of physiologic variables throughout the entire peri-operative period may be more important than the type of anesthesia. General anesthesia that is carefully prepared, monitored, and conducted cannot be ruled out in the seriously ill.
A biogeographical approach to plant invasions: the importance of studying exotics in their introduced and native range

Summary 1 Most theory and empirical research on exotic invasions is based on the assumption that problematic exotics are much more abundant in the regions where they invade than in the regions where they are native. However, the overwhelming majority of studies on exotic plants have been conducted solely within the introduced range. With few exceptions, ecologists know surprisingly little about the abundance, interaction strengths and ecosystems impacts of even the best-studied exotics in their native range. 2 We argue that taking a biogeographical approach is key to understanding exotic plant invasions. On a descriptive level, unambiguous quantification of distributions and abundances of exotics in native and introduced ranges are crucial. Experiments conducted at a biogeographical scale are also necessary to elucidate the mechanisms that enable highly successful exotics to occur at substantially higher abundance in their introduced vs. native communities. 3 We summarize the leading hypotheses for exotic plant success. We assert that tests of these major hypotheses for invasions (the natural enemies, evolution of invasiveness, empty niche and novel weapons hypotheses) require comparative biogeographical approaches. 4 In addition to focusing on comparative work in the native and introduced range, we also suggest other approaches that could yield important insight into processes that influence exotic success. 5 Increased understanding of invasions has the potential to provide unique insight into fundamental ecological theory, including that on individualistic-holistic structure, the role of trophic interactions in population regulation, and the importance of co-evolution in communities.
The intestinal response to feeding in seawater gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, includes elevated base secretion and increased epithelial oxygen consumption.

SUMMARY Intestinal HCO3− secretion is essential to marine teleost fish osmoregulation and comprises a considerable source of base efflux attributable to both serosal HCO3− and endogenous CO2 hydration. The role of intestinal HCO3− secretion in dynamic acid—base balance regulation appears negligible in studies of unfed fish, but evidence of high intestinal fluid [HCO3−] in fed marine teleosts led us to investigate the source of this HCO3− and its potential role in offsetting the postprandial ‘alkaline tide’ commonly associated with digestion. Specifically, we hypothesized that elevated metabolic rate and thus endogenous CO2 production by intestinal tissue as well as increased transepithelial intestinal HCO3− secretion occur post-feeding and offset a postprandial alkaline tide. To test these hypotheses changes in HCO3− secretion and O2 consumption by gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) isolated intestine were quantified 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-feeding. Intestinal tissue of unfed fish in general showed high rates of HCO3− secretion (15.5 μmol g−1 h−1) and O2 consumption (8.9 μmol g−1 h−1). Furthermore, postprandial increases in both intestinal HCO3− secretion and O2 consumption (1.6- and 1.9-fold peak increases, respectively) were observed. Elevated intestinal HCO3− secretion rates preceded and outlasted those of O2 consumption, and occurred at a magnitude and duration sufficient to account for the lack of alkaline tide. The dependence of these high rates of postprandial intestinal base secretion on serosal HCO3− indicates transepithelial HCO3− transport increases disproportionately more than endogenous CO2 production. The magnitude of postprandial intestinal HCO3− secretion indicates the intestine certainly is capable of postprandial acid#x02014;base balance regulation.
Similarity Metrics for Closed-Loop Dynamic Systems

To what extent and in what ways can two closed-loop dynamic systems be said to be "similar?" This question arises in a wide range of dynamic systems modeling and control system design applications. For example, bounds on error models are fundamental to the controller optimization with modern control design methods. Metrics such as the structured singular value are direct measures of the degree to which properties such as stability or performance are maintained in the presence of specified uncertainties or variations in the plant model. Similarly, controls-related areas such as system identification, model reduction, and experimental model validation employ measures of similarity between multiple realizations of a dynamic system. Each area has its tools and approaches, with each tool more or less suited for one application or the other. Similarity in the context of closed-loop model validation via flight test is subtly different from error measures in the typical controls oriented application. Whereas similarity in a robust control context relates to plant variation and the attendant affect on stability and performance, in this context similarity metrics are sought that assess the relevance of a dynamic system test for the purpose of validating the stability and performance of a "similar" dynamic system. Similarity in the context of system identification is much more relevant than are robust control analogies in that errors between one dynamic system (the test article) and another (the nominal "design" model) are sought for the purpose of bounding the validity of a model for control design and analysis. Yet system identification typically involves open-loop plant models which are independent of the control system (with the exception of limited developments in closed-loop system identification which is nonetheless focused on obtaining open-loop plant models from closed-loop data). Moreover the objectives of system identification are not the same as a flight test and hence system identification error metrics are not directly relevant. In applications such as launch vehicles where the open loop plant is unstable it is similarity of the closed-loop system dynamics of a flight test that are relevant.
Conformational analysis of HIV protease inhibitors. I: rotation of the amide group adjacent to the P′ 1 dedecahydroisoquinoline ring system in Ro 31-8959 and related systems

Pipecolic acid derivatives have proven to be effective P′1 groups in a series of highly potent inhibitors of the enzyme HIV protease. One such inhibitor, Ro 31-8959, contains the saturated bicyclic ring system decahydroisoquinoline (DIQ) in the P′1 position. The binding orientation of Ro 31-8959 is known from X-ray crystallography. However, the bound conformation of the S-hydroxy diastereomer has not been studied, and for this molecule there are at least two different possible binding conformations. Specifically, the N-alkyl substituents may be equatorial or axial and the 3-carboxamide may be rotated into several different orientations. To gain a better understanding of the relative energies of these various conformations, ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been carried out on a series of pipecolic acid and DIQ derivatives. The results indicate that the lowest-energy N-equatorial rotamer is always at least 3 kcal/mol more stable than the lowest-energy N-axial rotamer. The presence of the second ring, as in the DIQ system, considerably raises the equatorial–axial difference to nearly 7 kcal/mol. Also, the preferred rotation angle of the amide group is different for the N-equatorial and N-axial cases. When the molecular dynamics-averaged conformation of the bound S-hydroxy inhibitor is considered, the energy difference between the N-equatorial and N-axial conformers drops to 4–5 kcal/mol. The preferred amide rotations in these systems are compared to those found in proline-containing peptides. Finally, some observations are made with respect to the large conformational energy penalty necessary for binding Ro 31-8959. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mindfulness, an Important Concept for Organizations: a Book Review Essay on the Work of Ellen Langer

The intent of this essay is to review the work of Ellen Langer, principally her work on the psychology of control and the concept of mindfulness and mindlessness, which she has pioneered. Dr. Langer, an experimental social psychologist in the Department of Psychology at Harvard and author of the book Mindfulness, has been working in these areas for more than 15 years, producing a brilliant stream of work that is theoretically provocative and methodologically sophisticated. Because this work is about significant real-world issues, it can have powerful practical applications. The purpose of this review is to bring her work to the attention of management researchers in general and those in the field of organizational behavior specifically. Her work can be divided into two related streams of research, one dealing with the concept of mindfulness versus mindlessness and one dealing with processes of control. This review begins with the former because of its implications for the latter.
Comparing Chemical and Biological Control Strategies for Twospotted Spider Mites in Mixed Production of Ivy Geranium and Impatiens

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. bedding plants, bifenazate, Floramite, Impatiens wallerana, integrated crop management, integrated pest management, Pelargonium peltatum, Phytoseiulus persimilis, pest sampling, Tetranychus urticae SUMMARY. Biological and chemical control strategies for the twospotted spider mite (TSM; Tetranychus urticae) were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment replicated over time in mixed production of ivy geranium (Pelgargonium peltatum ‘Amethyst 96’) and two impatiens cultivars (Impatiens wallerana ‘Impulse Orange’ and ‘Cajun Carmine’). Chemical control using the miticide bifenazate was compared with two release strategies for biological control using the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis. Specific treatments included 1) a single application of
Small-Molecule Modulation of Methyl-Lysine-Mediated Interactions

This chapter reviews strategies and progress toward the discovery of small-molecule ligands for methyl-lysine reader domains. The advantages of a small-molecule-driven approach to modulating chromatin biology are numerous: temporal resolution; mechanistic flexibility (targeting a specific activity of a protein as opposed to ablating them all with transgenic knockouts or RNA-interference techniques); ease of delivery; and most significantly, when warranted, a small-molecule tool has the potential to provide an immediate transition to a drug discovery effort, potentially cutting years off the time between target validation and therapeutic intervention.
Zonal separation of articular cartilage

Articular cartilage is composed of three layers: superficial, middle, and deep. In small animal models, it is difficult to separate the layers by dissection, as done in large animal models. Zonal digestion is a method of harvesting cells from a tissue to produce highly purified samples in a quick, simple process. By immersing the tissue in collagenase, the superficial layer of bovine articular cartilage can be separated from the middle and deep layers. The combination of needle thickness measurements and histological staining shows that the superficial zone, 20% of the tissue, is completely digested after 2.5 hours in collagenase (200 U/ml). In the course of this experiment, the needle thickness measurement method was verified to within 10% variation through histological analysis of the same sample. Zonal cellularities were found to be 25/spl times/10/sup 6/ cells/g and 19/spl times/10/sup 6/ cells/g for the superficial and middle/deep zones, respectively. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of superficial zone protein, type II collagen, and aggrecan in the different chondrocytes. Zonal digestion is shown to be a possible method to separate cartilage layers in small or large animal models.
Cumulative methods of sedimentation size analysis

There are two approaches to the determination of the size distribution of a sedimenting suspension. The incremental method involves the determination of the rate of change of density or concentration with time or height or both. In the cumulative method the rate at which the powder is settling out of suspension is measured. In either of these techniques, line-start or homogeneous suspensions may be used. Usually it is preferable to use incremental methods since analyses can be carried out more rapidly by these methods. The big advantage of cumulative techniques is that the amount of powder required is small (about 0.5 g), which reduces interaction between particles to a minimum. This is particularly useful when only a small quantity of powder is available or when one is dealing with toxic materials.
Utility of organic bases for improved electrospray mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides

The sensitivity and accuracy of the mass spectrometric analysis of oligonucleotides using electrospray ionization can be compromized when the oligomer is adducted in the gas phase to cations such as sodium or potassium. We have evaluated the addition of mM concentrations of a series of organic bases with solution pKb values ranging from 11.5 to 5.5 and gas-phase proton affinities ranging from 213 to 232 kcal/mol as a method for suppression of signals from alkali-adducted ions. Stronger bases such as triethylamine and piperidine reduce the signals from bound sodium most effectively, but also decrease the total ion current from oligonucleotide. Imidazole, with a solution pH of ∼8.0, provides modest suppression of sodium/potassium adduct ions, but up to a four-fold improvement in sensitivity. Co-addition of imidazole and triethylamine or piperidine produces high ion abundance and good suppression of cation-adducted species for samples of phosphodiester or phosphorothioate oligomers which have not been desalted via preliminary precipitation or by high-performance liquid chromatography. Addition of high concentrations of imidazole generates a bimodal distribution of charge states, which may reflect different gas-phase conformations for single-stranded oligomers.
WINTER- VS. BREEDING-HABITAT LIMITATION FOR AN ENDANGERED AVIAN MIGRANT

Migratory species have critical habitat needs during both breeding and wintering portions of the life cycle. Recent advances have made it possible to use satellite imagery and computer-assisted spatial analysis technology along with fieldwork to determine estimates for these critical habitat needs for the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler, Dendroica chrysoparia. Using these procedures, we estimate that the Ashe juniper–oak breeding habitat for this species covers 6430 km2 of central Texas, USA, whereas appropriate habitat in the known winter range covers 6750 km2 of the Middle American cordillera. When combined with information on warbler breeding and wintering ecology, these figures indicate that the amount of available winter habitat (pine–oak above 1219 m [4000′] in elevation) supports only a fraction (15%) of the population that could be supported by the amount of estimated available breeding habitat, suggesting that Golden-cheeked Warbler populations could be limited by winter habitat availability. C...
An Integrated Theory of Specialized Court Programs Using Procedural Justice and Therapeutic Jurisprudence to Promote Offender Compliance and Rehabilitation

Specialized court programs have expanded beyond drug treatment to address issues such as mental health, domestic violence, veterans, and reentry through evidenced-based treatment. Although these programs have been successful at reducing recidivism, their lack of an overarching theoretical framework has limited generalizability to other offender populations and contexts. The purpose of this article is to present an integrated model for specialized court programs that incorporates therapeutic jurisprudence and procedural justice concepts. We argue that although therapeutic jurisprudence offers guiding principles, it lacks the ability to explain how these programs work to change offender behavior and perceptions. Procedural justice can provide this missing piece of the puzzle in understanding the effectiveness of specialized courts. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research and practice that is guided by this integrated perspective.
Asymptotic freedom and Goldstone realization of chiral symmetry

The feasibility of Goldstone realization of weakly probed chiral symmetries is examined in the case that strong interactions are described by an asymptotically free theory of zero-bare-mass quarks and gauge vector gluons. This investigation is restricted to finding solutions to the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation for the symmetry-breaking part $G$ of the quark propagator $S$, $G(p){\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}\ensuremath{\propto}{{S}^{\ensuremath{-}1}(p),{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}}$, in the limit ${p}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\infty}$. Renormalization-group techniques are extremely useful in this limit, and are used extensively. Their naive application implies the leading asymptotic behavior $G(p)\ensuremath{\sim}{(\mathrm{ln}p)}^{\ensuremath{-}A}$, where $A$ is a calculable positive constant. More importantly, it is shown that the Bethe-Salpeter kernel is well approximated by the ladder graph alone, with the effective coupling ${g}^{2}(p)\ensuremath{\sim}{(\mathrm{ln}p)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, when the strong interactions are asymptotically free. Two solutions are found for $G$. The asymptotically dominant one, ${G}_{+}(p)\ensuremath{\sim}{(\mathrm{ln}p)}^{\ensuremath{-}A}$, is just what was predicted by straightforward renormalization-group analysis, and does not correspond to Goldstone realization of the symmetry. The other solution has much softer asymptotic behavior, ${G}_{\ensuremath{-}}(p)\ensuremath{\sim}{p}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{(\mathrm{ln}p)}^{A}$. That this solution actually corresponds to the Goldstone mode is established by relating it, through the axial-vector Ward identity, to the Goldstone-boson-quark-antiquark vertex function, whose large-momentum limit is analyzed via the Wilson operator-product expansion.
The effect of calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and feed utilization by cow-calf pairs1

ABSTRACT The effect of calf weaning age on cow and calf performance and feed utilization was investigated over 2 yr. Multiparous, crossbred, lactating beef cows (n = 156) with summer-born calves were blocked by prebreeding BW, stratified by calf age, and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments within strata. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 3 replications (pens) per treatment per year (total n = 24). Factors were (1) location—Agricultural Research and Development Center (ARDC) or Panhandle Research and Extension Center (PHREC)—and (2) calf weaning age—early weaned (EW) at 91 ± 18 d of age or conventionally weaned (CW) at 203 ± 16 d of age. All cows and calves were fed a common diet from early to conventional weaning time within each year and location. Cows with weaned calves were limit fed (6.9 kg of DM/cow daily), and EW calves were offered ad libitum access to feed (4.0 kg of DM/calf per day). Nursing pairs were fed an equivalent amount of DM (10.8 kg/ pair per day). Initial cow BW and BCS were similar (P ≥ 0.26), but BW change from early to conventional weaning was 17 kg greater (P ≤ 0.01) for EW cows. Cow BCS and conception rates were not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by weaning. Calf BW at conventional weaning was greater (P ≥ 0.05) for CW than EW at ARDC but greater (P ≥ 0.05) for EW than CW calves at PHREC. Calf ADG per unit of total feed energy intake was greater (P ≥ 0.05) for nursing pairs at ARDC but not different between EW and CW at PHREC, indicating early weaning may have minimal effect on reducing feed energy requirements.
Clinical characteristics and survival experience of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims without coronary heart disease.

Of 270 patients successfully resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 16% had no evidence of coronary heart disease. In these 43 patients, other forms of heart disease were found in 81% (35/43): cardiomyopathy in 18 patients, valvular disease in six, congenital heart disease in two, and primary arrhythmia in nine. Seven patients had evidence of only pulmonary disease and one had pancreatitis as his precipitating event. Nineteen of the 43 patients (44%) had serum potassium less than 3.6 m Eql-s in the initial blood sample after cardiac arrest. One- and two-year mortalities were 30% and 43%, respectively, for the group, which is similar to one year (20%) and two-year (35%) mortalities of the 227 resuscitated patients with coronary heart disease. Patients who survive a sudden death experience and who have no evidence of coronary artery disease are a unique but heterogeneous group who usually have identifiable cardiac or pulmonary disease.
A Circle Has No End: Role of Cyclic Topology and Accompanying Structural Reorganization on the Hole Distribution in Cyclic and Linear Poly-p-phenylene Molecular Wires.

π-Conjugated organic oligomers/polymers hold great promise as long-range charge-transfer materials for modern photovoltaic applications. However, a set of criteria for the rational design of functional materials is not yet available, in part because of a lack of understanding of charge distribution in extended π-conjugated systems of different topologies, and concomitant effects on redox and optical properties. Herein we demonstrate the role of cyclic versus linear topology in controlling the redox/optical properties and hole distribution in poly-p-phenylenes (PPs) with the aid of experiment, computation, and our recently developed multistate parabolic model (MPM). It is unequivocally shown that the hole distribution in both cyclic and linear poly-p-phenylene (n ≥ 7) cation radicals is limited to seven p-phenylene units, despite the very different topologies. However, the effect of topology is evidenced in the very different trends in oxidation potentials of cyclic versus linear PPs, which are shown to or...
A Direct Optimization Procedure for Spanwise Work Distribution in Non-Free Vortex Turbine Stages

This paper describes a technique for finding the radial distributions of flow angle and stage specific work which yield, subject to user-specified constraints, the maximum value of integrated adiabatic efficiency for a turbine stage. The optimization procedure is direct in that the distributions are specified as polynomials. A pattern search is employed to determine the values of the polynomial coefficients which yield the desired conditions. The overall technique is intended to supplement the preliminary phase of axial flow gas turbine design.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
Extending Photoinduced Charge Separation Lifetimes by Using Supramolecular Design: Guanine–Perylenediimide G-Quadruplex

We report here a potassium-induced guanine quadruplex as a supramolecular platform for controlled assembly of electron donor–acceptor systems. A monodisperse, C4-symmetric octamer of a guanine–perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) conjugate (GPDI) was prepared in tetrahydrofuran. The two layers of cyclic guanine tetramers have the same direction of rotation, and the PDI moiety between the layers adopts a nearly eclipsed relationship (H-aggregation), as revealed by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, NMR spectroscopy, and steady-state UV/vis absorption. Following photoexcitation of the PDI moiety in the quadruplex, charge separation occurs in τCS = 98 ± 12 ps to give G+•-PDI–• that recombines in τCR = 1.2 ± 0.2 ns, which is >100 times longer than that in the monomeric GPDI dyad. The transient absorption spectrum of G+•-PDI–• within the GPDI quadruplex suggests the formation of a radical anion delocalized over the neighboring PDI units, and this result is consistent with the more favorable electrochemica...
Large, chronic doses of erythropoietin cause thrombocytopenia in mice.

Both large, acute doses of erythropoietin (EPO) and short-term hypoxia increase platelet counts in mice, but long-term hypoxia causes thrombocytopenia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that EPO injected in large, chronic doses (a total of 80 U of EPO over a 7-day period) might cause thrombocytopenia. EPO caused increased red blood cell (RBC) production, ie, increased hematocrits, RBC counts, mean cell volume (MCV), and reticulocyte counts (from P less than .05 to P less than .0005), and decreased thrombocytopoiesis, ie, decreased platelet counts, percent 35S incorporation into platelets, and total circulating platelet counts (TCPC) (P less than .0005). Femoral marrow megakaryocyte size was unchanged, but megakaryocyte number was significantly (P less than .005) reduced in mice treated with EPO. EPO-injected mice had increased spleen volumes (P less than .0005), but blood volumes (BV) were unchanged. In EPO-treated, splenectomized mice, RBC production was also increased (P less than .05 to P less than .0005) and platelet counts, TCPC, and percent 35S incorporation into platelets were decreased (P less than .05), but BV was not altered. Therefore, the decrease in platelet counts observed in EPO-treated mice was not due to increased BV or to an enlarged spleen. In other experiments, mice were rendered acutely thrombocytopenic to increase thrombocytopoiesis, and platelet and RBC production rates were determined. In mice with elevated thrombocytopoiesis, RBC counts, hematocrits, percent 59Fe RBC incorporation values, and MCV were decreased (P less than .05 to P less than .0005). Because 59Fe RBC incorporation and MCV were not elevated, the decrease in RBC counts and hematocrits does not appear to be due to bleeding. Therefore, we show that large, chronic doses of EPO increase erythropoiesis and decrease thrombocytopoiesis. Conversely, acute thrombocytopenia causes increased thrombocytopoiesis and decreased erythropoiesis. These findings support the hypothesis of competition between precursor cells of the erythrocytic and megakaryocytic cell lines (stem-cell competition) as the cause of thrombocytopenia in EPO-treated mice and the cause of anemia in mice whose platelet production rates were increased.
Monitoring receptor trafficking following retromer and WASH deregulation

Cell surface receptors that have been internalized and enter the endocytic pathway have multiple fates including entrance into the multivesicular body pathway on their way to lysosomal degradation, recycling back to the cell surface, or retrograde trafficking out of the endolysosomal system back to the Golgi apparatus. Two ubiquitously expressed protein complexes, WASH and the endosomal coat complex retromer, function together to play a central role in directing the fate of receptors into the latter two pathways. In this chapter, we describe fluorescent- and flow cytometry-based methods for analyzing the recycling and retrograde trafficking of two receptors, α5β1 and CI-M6PR, whose intracellular fates are regulated by WASH and retromer activity. The guidelines presented in this chapter can be applied to the analysis of any cell surface or intracellular membrane protein to determine the impact of WASH or retromer deregulation on its intracellular trafficking route.
Room-temperature wavelength-tunable amplitude-squeezed light from a quantum-well laser

The generation of light with amplitude-noise levels below the standard quantum limit (SQL) by constant-current operation of light-emitting and semiconductor laser diodes has been well established.1 Nearly all of this work, however, has been conducted with the light source cooled to cryogenic temperatures. At room temperature, the highest observed squeezing levels were 0.6 dB for light-emitting diodes and 0.2 dB for laser diodes.2 We presently report up to 1.8 dB of squeezing from a commercially available index-guided quantum-well laser (SDL-5410-C) operated at room temperature. Although cross-gain saturation can lead to amplitude squeezing of the total number of photons emitted by a multimode semiconductor laser in the limit of fast intraband scattering and the absence of wavelength-dependent loss,3 we found that it was necessary to suppress the >100 near-threshold longitudinal side modes of the laser to obtain squeezing at room temperature. This was accomplished either by using optical feedback from a grating in an external cavity configuration or by injection-locking the laser to a single-frequency laser. Both of these techniques allow the output wavelength of the laser to be named and thus the squeezing level as a function of wavelength to be studied.
Lung transplantation delays gastric motility in patients without prior gastrointestinal surgery—A single-center experience of 412 consecutive patients

Purpose To examine the impact of lung transplantation on gastric motility. Methods Adult recipients at a large, single center, who were retrospectively evaluated with solid gastric emptying (SGE) study post lung transplantation, but had no history of gastrointestinal intervention (i.e. pyloroplasty or fundoplication), were selected between June 2005 and August 2013. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors associated with delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after transplantation. Results DGE was noted in 236 patients (57%) after transplantation. On multivariable logistic regression, an underlining diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF)/bronchiectasis (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.26, p < 0.01) was a significant risk factor in predicting DGE after lung transplantation. There was no survival difference between patients with postoperative DGE versus those without (Log-rank test p=0.53). Conclusions Delayed gastric emptying is very common following lung transplantation, occurring in over half of all lung transplant recipients with increased prevalence in CF patients. The association with cystic fibrosis could be secondary to extra-pulmonary manifestations of the underlying disease, or indicative of increased intra-operative vagal nerve injury. We speculate that DGE may play a substantial role in the increased reflux induced allograft injury seen after lung transplantation. Further prospective studies are needed to validate this hypothesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Critical genomic regulation mediated by Enhancer of Polycomb

Enhancer of Polycomb (EPC) was first identified for its contributions to development in Drosophila and was soon-thereafter purified as a subunit of the NuA4/TIP60 acetyltransferase complex. Since then, EPC has often been left in the shadows as an essential, yet non-catalytic subunit of NuA4/TIP60; however, its deep conservation and disease association make clear that it warrants additional attention. In fact, recent studies in yeast demonstrated that its Enhancer of Polycomb, Epl1, was just as important for gene expression and acetylation as is the catalytic subunit of NuA4. Despite its conservation, studies of EPC have often remained siloed between organisms. Here, our goal is to provide a cohesive view of the current state of the EPC literature as it stands among the major model organisms in which it has been studied. EPC is involved in multiple processes, beginning with its cardinal role in regulating global and targeted histone acetylation. EPC also frequently serves as an important interaction partner in these basic cellular functions, as well as in multicellular development, such as in hematopoiesis and skeletal muscle differentiation, and in human disease. Taken together, a unifying theme from these studies highlights EPC as a critical genomic regulator.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Congenital Parvovirus Myocarditis

Congenital parvovirus infection has a diverse presentation ranging from asymptomatic infants to intrauterine demise secondary to red cell aplasia or myocarditis. Treatment is aimed at correcting anemia with intrauterine and postnatal transfusions. We report a case of fetal hydrops with severe atrioventricular regurgitation and myocardial dysfunction secondary to parvovirus infection in a preterm infant. Myocarditis and myocardial dysfunction responded to immunoglobulin administration.
Fungal Disease Prevention in Seedlings of Rice (Oryza sativa) and Other Grasses by Growth-Promoting Seed-Associated Endophytic Bacteria from Invasive Phragmites australis

Non-cultivated plants carry microbial endophytes that may be used to enhance development and disease resistance of crop species where growth-promoting and protective microbes may have been lost. During seedling establishment, seedlings may be infected by several fungal pathogens that are seed or soil borne. Several species of Fusarium, Pythium and other water moulds cause seed rots during germination. Fusarium blights of seedlings are also very common and significantly affect seedling development. In the present study we screened nine endophytic bacteria isolated from the seeds of invasive Phragmites australis by inoculating onto rice, Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), or annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seeds to evaluate plant growth promotion and protection from disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. We found that three bacteria belonging to genus Pseudomonas spp. (SLB4-P. fluorescens, SLB6-Pseudomonas sp. and SY1-Pseudomonas sp.) promoted seedling development, including enhancement of root and shoot growth, and stimulation of root hair formation. These bacteria were also found to increase phosphate solubilization in in vitro experiments. Pseudomonas sp. (SY1) significantly protected grass seedlings from Fusarium infection. In co-culture experiments, strain SY1 strongly inhibited fungal pathogens with 85.71% growth inhibition of F. oxysporum, 86.33% growth inhibition of Curvularia sp. and 82.14% growth inhibition of Alternaria sp. Seedlings previously treated with bacteria were found much less infected by F. oxysporum in comparison to non-treated controls. On microscopic observation we found that bacteria appeared to degrade fungal mycelia actively. Metabolite products of strain SY1 in agar were also found to inhibit fungal growth on nutrient media. Pseudomonas sp. (SY1) was found to produce antifungal volatiles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific primers for pyrrolnitirin synthesis and HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production suggested presence of genes for both compounds in the genome of SY1. HCN was detected in cultures of SY1. We conclude that microbes from non-cultivated plants may provide disease protection and promote growth of crop plants.
Reported Sensations and Hallucinations in Sensory Deprivation — Research Data Pertinent to Thirteen Hypotheses and a Reformulation

In this paper I will attempt to summarize the results of 15 years of sensory deprivation research relevant to 13 hypotheses in 10 minutes. For more details I suggest you obtain a copy of the hook edited by John Zubek[l9] entitled Sensory Deprivation:Fifteen Years of Research. One chapter is devoted to hallucinatory phenomena[23].
Comparing the performance of CA 15-3 CSF to cytology in a cohort of patients with breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis.

Abstract Background and objective Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) can occur as a late manifestation of breast cancer and has traditionally been diagnosed by CSF cytology; however, cytology suffers from low sensitivity and it is believed that many cases of LM go undiagnosed. Some studies have suggested the use of CA 15–3 in CSF (CA 15–3 CSF) to aid in the detection of LM. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of CA 15–3 CSF to cytology for the detection and treatment monitoring of breast cancer LM. Methods CA 15–3 CSF requests between 2014 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-two measurements from nine patients were from our health system and had corresponding CSF cytology measurements. Concordance between CA 15–3 CSF and CSF cytology was calculated. For patients with quantifiable CA 15–3 CSF, sequential determinations of CA 15–3 and cytology were compared over time to assess correlation of CA 15–3 CSF concentration and cytology with disease status. Results At the time of initial testing, seven of the nine patients (78%) had positive cytology. Two samples (22%) had quantifiable CA 15–3, both of which were also positive by cytology. The positive concordance between all cytology and CA 15–3 measurements was 9% (2/22), while negative concordance was 100% (30/30). Sequential CA 15–3 and cytology measurements showed a decrease in CA 15–3 that paralleled changes observed with cytology. Conclusions In this cohort of patients, CA 15–3 CSF performance was neither superior nor complementary to cytology for the detection of LM, nor did the combination of CA 15–3 CSF and cytology improve performance over cytology alone.