cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resuspension and estuarine nutrient cycling: insights from the Neuse River Estuary

Abstract. For at least the past several decades, North Carolina's Neuse River Estuary (NRE) has been subject to water quality problems relating to increased eutrophication. Research initiated in the past several years have addressed the nutrient processes of the water column and the passive diffusion processes of the benthic sedimentary environment. Resuspension of bottom sediments, by bioturbation, tides, or winds, may also have a significant effect on the flux of nutrients in an estuarine system These processes can result in the advective transport of sediment porewater, rich with nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, into the water column. Thus, estimates of nutrient and carbon inputs from the sediments may be too low. This study focused on the potential change in bottom water nutrient concentrations associated with measured resuspension events. Previous research used short-lived radionuclides and meteorological data to characterize the sediment dynamics of the benthic system of the estuary. These techniques in conjunction with the presented porewater inventories allowed evaluation of the depth to which sediments have been disturbed and the advective flux of nutrients to the water column. The largest removal episode occurred in the lower NRE as the result of a wind event and was estimated that the top 2.2 cm of sediment and corresponding porewater were removed. NH4+ advective flux (resuspended) was 2 to 6 times greater than simply diffusion. Phosphate fluxes were estimated to be 15 times greater than the benthic diffusive flux. Bottom water conditions with elevated NH4+ and PO43− indicate that nutrients stored in the sediments continue to play an important role in overall water quality and this study suggests that the advective flux of nutrients to the water column is critical to understand estuarine nutrient cycling.
The Effect of Network Noise on Large-Scale Collective Communications

The effect of operating system (OS) noise on the performance of large-scale applications is a growing concern and ameliorating the influence of OS noise is a subject of active research. A related problem is that of network noise that arises from the shared use of the interconnection network by parallel processes of different allocations or other background activities. To characterize the effect of network noise on parallel applications, we conducted a series of experiments with a specially crafted benchmark and simulations. Experimental results show a decrease in the communication performance of a parallel reduction operation by a factor of 2 on 246 nodes on an InfiniBand fat-tree and by several orders of magnitude on a BlueGene/P torus. Simulations show how influence of network noise grows with the system size. Although network noise is not as well-studied as OS noise, our results clearly show that it is an important factor that must be considered when running and analyzing large-scale applications.
Evolution of Organisms

This chapter discusses the main ways in which one can measure evolutionary change and the major environmental factors that influence extinction and emergence of new species. Of the species that have become extinct, records are available for only about 250,000. Fortunately, in recent years, the information that has been derived from classical morphological comparisons has been considerably bolstered by biochemical information. Fossil record supplies some of the missing pieces of the evolutionary tree puzzle. Although mostly limited to existing organisms, the biochemical record has provided a wealth of quantitative information on the relatedness of species and has led to a somewhat different picture from that provided by morphological comparisons. Vertical and horizontal transfers of genetic information both have had major influences on the phylogenetic tree. Since the time of Charles Darwin, it has been conventional to think in terms of genetic transfer being confined within a species. A gene is a hereditary determinant that specifies a certain trait or traits and that behaves as a unit of inheritance occupying one (usually) contiguous region of a chromosome. Mutations are retained or eliminated from the population by the process of natural selection. Asteroid bombardments can result in sudden traumatic changes in the environment. Bombardment of the Earth by asteroids was far more common in the Earth's early history than it is today. At present, oxygen constitutes about 21% of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide serves as the source of carbon for all organisms, even though the direct acquisition of carbon from carbon dioxide is restricted to a limited number of producer organisms.
Critical literacy for whom

Abstract This paper examines the intersection of critical literacy informed by critical social theories and formations of the self imagined within poststructural theories. Specifically, it considers how singular views of formations of the self as either identity or subjectivity create problems for understanding the complex interrelations between the two concepts within critical literacy. The in‐school literacy practices related to popular culture texts of one adolescent male are used to illustrate how singular conceptualizations of formations of the self (as identity or subjectivity) limit the complex interplay that readers engage in as they negotiate positions between identity production and subjectivity construction. Reflections on the possibilities of a broadened application of critical literacy that acknowledges the working of both identity and subjectivity are discussed.
Central amygdala mechanisms regulating visceral pain.

research investigating hair cortisol concentrations in the context of stress-related psychiatric disorders and different aspects of cardiometabolic health. Concerning the latter, data will be presented showing consistent positive relationships of hair cortisol concentrations with body fat-related anthropometric measures, prevalence of diabetesmellitus type 2 and themetabolic syndrome. Potential implications and future prospects of these findingswill be discussed.
Including Context in A Routing Algorithm for the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things assumes that a large number of devices which are used on a daily basis will eventually become connected to the Internet. This scenario will provide room for a large set of new applications, however the network connections of an enormous set of nodes, which can be connected and disconnected, can move around and which have limitations with regards to their processing and communication capabilities, raises the need for the development of new message routing algorithms, different from those being in use today. In this thesis, a contribution is made towards the development of this type of algorithms. In particular, the idea which is tested is whether routing algorithms can improve their performance at various levels, such as, message delivery time, number of messages lost, power consumption, etc., if routing decisions can make use of the concept of Context.
Parental Attitudes, Beliefs, and Understanding of Anxiety (PABUA): Development and Psychometric Properties of a Measure

The Parental Attitudes, Beliefs, and Understanding of Anxiety (PABUA) was developed to assess parental beliefs about their child's anxiety, parents' perceived ability to cope with their child's anxiety and to help their child manage anxious symptoms, and to evaluate parents' understanding of various parenting strategies in response to their child's anxiety. The study evaluated the PABUA in mother-child dyads (N=192) seeking treatment for youth anxiety. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution and identified PABUA scales of Overprotection, Distress, and Approach (with Cronbach's alpha ranging from .67 to .83). Convergent and divergent validity of PABUA scales was supported by the pattern of associations with measures of experiential avoidance, beliefs related to children's anxiety, empathy, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms; parent-reported family functioning; parent- and youth-reported anxiety severity; and parent-reported functional impairment (n=83). Results provide preliminary support for the PABUA as a measure of parental attitudes and beliefs about anxiety, and future studies that investigate this measure with large and diverse samples are encouraged.
Siberian hamsters free run or become arrhythmic after a phase delay of the photocycle

Body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity were recorded telemetrically from male Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) that were 3 or 12 mo of age and maintained in a light-dark (LD) cycle of 16 h light/day for 2-4 mo. After 3 wk of Tb recording, the LD cycle was phase delayed by extending the light phase by 5 h for 1 day; animals remained on a 16:8-h LD cycle for the remainder of the experiment. Tb and activity rhythms of all animals were stably entrained to the LD cycle before the phase shift. After the phase shift, > or = 80% of the animals in each age group failed to reentrain and expressed free-running Tb rhythms with stable periods that ranged from 24.33 to 26.33 h; one hamster in each age group reentrained within several days. Tb became arrhythmic in 10% of all animals immediately after, and in 28% of free running animals several weeks after, the phase shift. Changes in tau and phase of activity rhythms closely paralleled Tb rhythms in individual hamsters. Daily mean Tb was unchanged, but Tb rhythm amplitude decreased by 25-50% in individual animals after the phase shift. We believe this to be the first report of neurologically intact animals failing to reentrain to a phase shift of the LD cycle. These phenomena are not readily explained by current knowledge of circadian systems and suggest that the entrainment process in Siberian hamsters differs markedly from that in other rodent species.
AGE, SEX AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGY

It has been argued that Sheldon's (1940) three somatotypes are reducible to two and measurable by taking Ss height and dividing by the cube root of Ss weight (Hood, 1963). The present paper investigates the somatotypes of American youths using data from the Health Examination Survey conducted between 1966 and 1970, in which 13,887 youths were tested at 40 different sites in the USA (Hamill, et dl., 1973), using the height-cube root weight ratio. From the means for each sex-by-race group for each age from 7 to 17 yr., the ratio of height to cube root of weight was computed and the resulting data subjected to a three-way analysis of variance. The main effect of race was not significant (F = 4.98, df = 1/10, p = 0.05), nor was the effect of age (F = 1.23, df = 10/10). The effect of sex was significant (F = 28.61, df = 1/10, p < 0.01). A one-way analysis of variance on the four sex-by-race groups and a Newman-Keuls test indicated chat the black males differed significantly from the ocher three groups. (The mean ratios using metric units were white males 43.15, white females 42.77, black males 43.65, and black females 42.79.) The data indicated that males, and in particular black males, were more ectomorphic than the other sex-by-race groups. Males at almost all ages from 7 to 17 yr. were more ectomorphic than females. Although females are taller than males at some ages, they are proportionately heavier, thereby remaining less ectomorphic at all ages. If Sheldon's theory of personality is assumed to be valid, we can predict from the present data that males, and in particular black males, should be more cerebrotonic than other sex-by-race gr0ups.l There are as yet no psychological data collected on a broad base with which to test this prediction.
Dielectric properties of carbon-, silicon-, and germanium-based polymers: A first-principles study

A knowledge of factors that control the electronic structure and dielectric constant of materials would be valuable in the design of new insulators with attractive dielectric properties. In an attempt to systematically and directly understand the role of chemical composition and atomic configuration in determining such properties, we have studied (using first-principles computations) nine homopolymer systems based on $XY$${}_{2}$ building blocks, where $X=\mathrm{C}$, Si, or Ge and $Y=\mathrm{H}$, F, or Cl. Two possible generic configurations were explored, and our computations utilized dispersion-corrected semilocal exchange-correlation functionals as well as hybrid functionals. Correlations between stability, electronic structure features, infrared intensities, and the dielectric response are established across the chemical and configurational space considered. Homopolymers containing GeF${}_{2}$ or GeCl${}_{2}$ building blocks are identified as particularly promising. These systems display large dielectric constant values (regardless of the underlying crystal structure) and may display a large band gap for particular configurations. The design of a polymer insulator with optimal dielectric constant and band gap may require consideration of heteropolymers (e.g., involving CH${}_{2}$ and GeF${}_{2}$ building blocks). We provide a convenient strategy for the rapid exploration of that extended chemical and configurational space.
Modal analysis using piezoelectric sensors

2 Introduction This paper is concerned with the use of piezoelectric film sensors for the modal analysis of structures. We make use of the relation between the charge generated by the piezoelectric sensor and the modal coordinates, the asymptotic behavior of the eigensolution of structures, and the concept of modal observers to extract the modal coordinates and velocities from the sensor output. We also conduct sensitivity studies in an effort to determine the optimal size and shape of the piezo film sensor, and we investigate the effects of noise, unmodelled dynamics, and parameter errors on the accuracy of the modal coordinate and velocity extraction. We analyze implementation of piezo elements on beams as well as on plates.
Performance-Based Scholarships: What Have We Learned? INTERIM FINDINGS FROM THE PBS DEMONSTRATION

Interim results suggest that performance-based scholarships improve students’ academic performance and increase the number of credits they earn. In some sites, the scholarships also appear to reduce student debt. In the one location for which data are available so far, the program increased the proportion of students earning a degree.
Influence of brassicaceous soil amendments on potentially beneficial and pathogenic soil microorganisms and seedling growth in Douglas-fir nurseries

Abstract Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon and Pythium spp. are the major soil-borne pathogens of conifer seedlings. Soil fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin has been the most effective method for reducing the population density and disease pressure of these organisms. Due to safety and environmental concerns, use of methyl bromide as a pre-plant soil fumigant has been abolished in the majority of cropping systems. However, the conifer seedling industry continues to use methyl bromide under a quarantine pre-shipment exemption due to a lack of effective alternatives. Toward identifying alternatives to methyl bromide for management of soil microbial populations, a three-year field study was conducted in northwest USA. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of brassica seed meals and green manures on potentially pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms, soil health, and seedling growth in conifer nursery fields. The study treatments were Brassica juncea seed meal, B. carinata seed meal, Sinapis alba seed meal, B. juncea green manure, methyl bromide/chloropicrin fumigation, and a non-treated control, with four replications in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were incorporated into soil in autumn or early spring, and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings were transplanted into plots in late spring. Population densities of Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, Pythium, actinomycetes, and Trichoderma; mineralizable nitrogen; and dehydrogenase enzyme activity in soil were assessed at pre-transplant, post-transplant, and seedling harvest. The pre-treatment soil pathogen count was similar among study plots. At transplant time, Fusarium spp. densities in soil were generally similar among most brassica treatments but fumigated plots generally had less Fusarium. Treatment with S. alba, however, increased soil densities of Fusarium spp. In 2012, Fusarium spp. density was significantly lower after B. juncea green manure incorporation [1.8 log CFU (colony forming units)] than after chemical fumigation (2.4 log CFU) or in the untreated control (2.6 log CFU); whereas the soil density of potentially antagonist Trichoderma spp. was significantly greater in fumigated plots (3.7 log CFU) followed by B. juncea green manure (3.4 log CFU) and lowest in control (3.2 log CFU). Fumigation produced the largest seedlings but B. juncea green manure also produced significantly larger seedlings than control. Dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of soil microbial activity, was greatest with B. juncea green manure and lowest in fumigated soil. Mineralizable nitrogen in soil followed the same trend. These results suggest that B. juncea green manure may have a suppressive effect on soil-borne pathogens, and maintain or improve soil and seedling health.
Multiplexed Targeted Genome Engineering Using a Universal Nuclease-Assisted Vector Integration System.

Engineered nucleases are capable of efficiently modifying complex genomes through introduction of targeted double-strand breaks. However, mammalian genome engineering remains limited by low efficiency of heterologous DNA integration at target sites, which is typically performed through homologous recombination, a complex, ineffective and costly process. In this study, we developed a multiplexable and universal nuclease-assisted vector integration system for rapid generation of gene knock outs using selection that does not require customized targeting vectors, thereby minimizing the cost and time frame needed for gene editing. Importantly, this system is capable of remodeling native mammalian genomes through integration of DNA, up to 50 kb, enabling rapid generation and screening of multigene knockouts from a single transfection. These results support that nuclease assisted vector integration is a robust tool for genome-scale gene editing that will facilitate diverse applications in synthetic biology and g...
Shapelet ensemble for multi-dimensional time series

Time series shapelets are small subsequences that maximally differentiate classes of time series. Since the inception of shapelets, researchers have used shapelets for various data domains including anthropology and health care, and in the process suggested many efficient techniques for shapelet discovery. However, multi-dimensional time series data poses unique challenges to shapelet discovery that are yet to be solved. We show that an ensemble of shapelet-based decision trees on individual dimensions works better than shapelets defined over multiple dimensions. Generating a shapelet ensemble for multidimensional time series is computationally expensive. Most of the existing techniques prune shapelet candidates for speed. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for shapelet discovery that evaluates remaining candidates efficiently. Our algorithm uses a multi-length approximate index for time series data to efficiently find the nearest neighbors of the candidate shapelets. We employ a simple skipping technique for additional candidate pruning and a voting based technique to improve accuracy while retaining interpretability. Not only do we find a significant speed increase, our techniques enable us to efficiently discover shapelets on datasets with multi-dimensional and long time series such as hours of brain activity recordings. We demonstrate our approach on a biomedical dataset and find significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
Presence of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis is strongly associated with low levels of ADAMTS-13: a pilot study.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) dramatically changes the prognosis of cirrhotic patients, especially those waiting for liver transplantation. However, the possible contribution to PVT of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and ADAMTS-13 is poorly documented. The aim of our study was to assess the presence of alterations of VWF and ADAMTS-13 serum levels in cirrhotic patients with PVT. Twenty-four patients with PVT (group PVT) and 60 without PVT (group without PVT) were enrolled. A comprehensive analysis of biochemical and hemostatic parameters was performed. ADAMTS-13 activity was significantly lower in group A (median 16.8 vs. 69.1 %, p = 0.0047). Group PVT, compared to group without PVT, showed a significantly higher VWF:act, (median 308.4 vs 203.3 %, p = 0.032), whereas no difference was observed for VWF:Ag, FVIII level and the presence of risk factors for venous thromboembolism. No correlation was found between the Child–Pugh score and ADAMTS-13 activity. In multivariable logistic regression analysis performed on data concerning both group PVT and without PVT, only the ADAMTS-13 activity (p = 0.007) was independently and inversely associated with PVT. In conclusion, ADAMTS-13 activity is independently associated with PVT in cirrhotic patients.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway Mediates Inhalant Organic Dust-Induced Bone Loss

Agriculture workers have increased rates of airway and skeletal disease. Inhalant exposure to agricultural organic dust extract (ODE) induces bone deterioration in mice; yet, mechanisms underlying lung-bone crosstalk remain unclear. Because Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 are important in mediating the airway consequences of ODE, this study investigated their role in regulating bone responses. First, swine facility ODE stimulated wild-type (WT) bone marrow macrophages to form osteoclasts, and this finding was inhibited in TLR4 knock-out (KO), but not TLR2 KO cells. Next, using an established intranasal inhalation exposure model, WT, TLR2 KO and TLR4 KO mice were treated daily with ODE or saline for 3 weeks. ODE-induced airway neutrophil influx and cytokine/chemokine release were similarly reduced in TLR2 and TLR4 KO animals as compared to WT mice. Utilizing micro-computed tomography (CT), analysis of tibia showed loss of bone mineral density, volume and deterioration of bone micro-architecture and mechanical strength induced by ODE in WT mice were significantly reduced in TLR4 but not TLR2 KO animals. Bone marrow osteoclast precursor cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry from exposed animals. In WT animals, exposure to inhalant ODE increased osteoclast precursor cell populations as compared to saline, an effect that was reduced in TLR4 but not TLR2 KO mice. These results show that TLR2 and TLR4 pathways mediate ODE-induced airway inflammation, but bone deterioration consequences following inhalant ODE treatment is strongly dependent upon TLR4. Thus, the TLR4 signaling pathway appears critical in regulating the lung-bone inflammatory axis to microbial component-enriched organic dust exposures.
Intratextual Persuasive Messages as Catalysts for HigherOrder Thinking An Exploratory Investigation

Facilitating students’ acquisition of higherorder thinking skills is imperative in the 21st century. Although some types of text have been shown to enhance higherorder thinking, the effects of many novel forms of text have yet to be investigated. As such, the purpose of the present study was to explore the extent to which a relatively novel form of text (i.e., intratextual persuasive message) served as a catalyst for students’ higherorder thinking as evidenced in the quantity, quality, and content of their arguments before and after reading. The findings revealed that the quantity of students’ arguments increased from prereading to postreading and the content of the reasons provided by the students was more in line with those of the authors, whereas the quality of students’ arguments decreased over time. Interestingly, relatively few students altered their position on the central question from the text. Rather, the nature of the data indicated that students engaged in case-building as they read the text. ...
A wireless device for measuring hand-applied forces

We report on a wireless, electromyography (EMG)-based, force-measuring system developed to quantify hand-applied loads without interfering with grasping function. A portable surface EMG device detects and converts to voltage output biopotentials generated by muscle contractions in the forearm and upper arm during hand-gripping and traction activities. After amplifying and bandpass filtering, our radio frequency (RF)-based design operating at /spl sim/916 MHz wirelessly transmits those voltages to a data acquisition (DAQ) system up to 20 meters away. A separate calibration system is used to relate an individual user's EMG signal to known pull and clenching forces during specific applications. Real-time EMG data is processed and displayed in software developed with LabView/spl trade/ (National Instruments, Austin, TX). Data is then converted to force data using individual calibration curves. With EMG electrodes placed over any major forearm muscle, calibration curves for seven subjects demonstrated linearity (R/sup 2/ > 0.9) and repeatability (<10% of average slope) to 110 newtons (N). Preliminary results in clinical application on newborn delivery suggest that this approach may be effective in providing an unobtrusive and accurate method of measuring hand-applied forces in applications such as rehabilitation and training.
Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Two studies shed light on and underscore the functional importance of the humoral immune response to infection by M. tuberculosis.
State Sepsis Mandates — A New Era for Regulation of Hospital Quality

New York State regulations mandating protocol-based sepsis care may have unintended consequences. Hospitals should have maximal flexibility in deciding how to implement protocol-guided care so that they can respond appropriately as the evidence changes.
Automatically predicting human knowledgeability through non-verbal cues

Humans possess an incredible ability to transmit and decode ``metainformation" through non-verbal actions in daily communication amongst each other. One communicative phenomena that is transmitted through these subtle cues is knowledgeability. In this work, we conduct two experiments. First, we analyze which non-verbal features are important for identifying knowledgeable people when responding to a question. Next, we train a model to predict the knowledgeability of speakers in a game show setting. We achieve results that surpass chance and human performance using a multimodal approach fusing prosodic and visual features. We believe computer systems that can incorporate emotional reasoning of this level can greatly improve human-computer communication and interaction.
Family in Development

In the last section we considered how the moral order and the technical order have been joined by bringing a part of the technical order—work—into the sphere of the political life, and making it a central part of the system of social meaning. But the reverse may also take place; the “personal,” the “cultural,” the “moral” affect the technical order, and may be deliberately shaped with that relevance in view. Here we shall attempt to show how a social element generally thought to be quite outside the technical order—the family—can play a part in that order.
INCORPORATING DATA TYPES IN AN EXTENSIBLE DATABASE ARCHITECTURE

The limited set of data types and the difficulty of incorporating new ones in current DBMSs prevent many applications from efficiently using a DBMS to store data. We discuss the merits of introducing externally defined types (EDTs) to bridge the gap between the data structures of the application programming language and the data model of the database. We show that the DBMS needs to know the set of functions to be called on an EDT to permit easy use of EDTs both in programming languages and by the DBMS, and we propose ways to make the definition and implementation of new types in the DBMS easier on both the DBMS and the type implementor. Functions are central to our approach, as they may be invoked from within internal DBMS components by suitable extensions. We examine how to create access paths to support externally denned predicate functions by materialization or physical clustering, and how query transformations may help reduce the number of different access methods and storage structures. By treating EDTs as abstractions, the amount of mechanism which must be added to the DBMS can be kept small.
Metallosis in cemented titanium alloy total knee arthroplasty without apparent metal-on-metal articulation.

Abstract Background Metallosis is an uncommon phenomenon observed in late failures of cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and it is rarely seen in the absence of metal-on-metal articulation. Methods We report the case of a TKA patient with cemented titanium-alloy components and a polyethylene patella that was revised for early loosening with intra-operative severe metallosis. Results We found that loosening and severe metallosis were associated with methacrylate particle abrasion on titanium alloy surfaces. Conclusion Serum titanium ion level measurement may be helpful in the workup of a painful TKA with titanium-alloy components in order to establish a diagnosis.
Prognostic markers for progression free survival (PFS) to anti PD-1 therapies in metastatic melanoma.

e21527Background: Anti PD-1 therapies are the front-line treatment for metastatic melanoma. However, it is not known who will benefit from them. Herein we report results for prognostic factors from...
On the March of Time and the Meaning of Days: 50 years of MIS Research Publications at The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems

As of this issue, The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems marks its 50th year of publication. We are minded to introspect, then, on what it means to have been here for 50 years. For some, it means that this journal came to be in the year that astronauts first landed on the moon; that sounds like a very modern occurrence, but having transpired in 1969, it was literally a half century ago. That is 18,250 days, or 2,607 weeks, or 599 months, or, of course, one half of a century. Century - the Latin root of which connotes groups of 100; half of 100 being fifty, and that being a darned large number in some respects, but in others very small. It depends on point of view, as the physicist Einstein (1921) would have put it. When you are moving at great speeds, time seems to pass more slowly (as compared to the perceptions of a less-fast moving observer). Time and its passage are a subjective perception of the perceiver, even outside of the physics of relativity (Evans, 2005). As Carol Saunders once speculated in a closing essay during her time at MIS Quarterly, it only seems like yesterday that we came to be a field of inquiry in Management Information Systems, and we could consider ourselves in the geological scheme of time to be very young indeed (Saunders, 2007). On the other hand, for those busily engaged in the fast-moving activities of publishing a journal like ours, time flies in different ways when we consider how long significant landmarks of the field of Management Information Systems have been in place (as has this journal, for a similar period of time). It was just yesterday, and it has been forever. We only just took Volume 48, Number 1 to press, it seems, and here we are at 50(1)! Time is in the Einsteinian details.
In situ monitoring of material jetting additive manufacturing process via impedance based measurements

Abstract In this paper, the authors explore the use of impedance-based monitoring techniques for in-situ detection of additive manufacturing build defects. By physically coupling a piezoceramic (PZT) sensor to the part being fabricated, the measured electrical impedance of the PZT can be directly linked to the mechanical impedance of the part. It is hypothesized that one can detect build defects in geometry or material properties in-situ by comparing the signatures collected during printing of parts with that of a defect-free control sample. In this paper, the authors explore the layer-to-layer sensitivity for both PZT sensors embedded into printed parts and for a fixture-based PZT sensor. For this work, this concept is evaluated in context of material jetting. A set of control samples is created and used to establish a baseline signature. (e.g., internal voids) are fabricated and their layer-to-layer signatures are compared to a control sample. Using this technique, the authors demonstrate an ability to track print progress and detect defects as they occur. For embedded sensors the defects were detectable at 2.28% of the part volume (95.6 mm3) and by fixture-based sensors when it affected 1.38% of the part volume.
Food justice now! Deepening the roots of social struggle

“Where do we go from here?” is a question often heard from advocates, politicians, activists, scholars, and those who inhabit all of those realms. We’ve identified the problem(s), how they operate ...
Bayesian Identification of a Nonlinear Energy Sink Device: Method Comparison

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) devices have recently been introduced in civil engineering for structural control. Because of the essential geometric nonlinearities governing these devices, identification must be performed in the time domain. Such methods can be challenging due to processing requirements, sensitivity to noise, and the presence of nonlinearity. Bayesian analysis methods have been shown to overcome these challenges, providing robust identification of nonlinear models. In this study we compare the unscented Kalman filter and the particle filter for the identification of a prototype NES device. Simulated responses developed using a device model and a sample set of parameters are used here to demonstrate and evaluate the identification process. Analysis of the identification results is conducted by varying the identification technique used and the selection of the prior distributions on the parameters. These preliminary numerical results will inform a later implementation on experimental response data.
8 – Polymeric Biomaterials

Biomaterials are an indispensable element in improving human health and quality of life. Applications of biomaterials include diagnostics (gene arrays and biosensors), medical supplies (blood bags and surgical tools), therapeutic treatments (medical implants and devices), and emerging regenerative medicine (tissue-engineered skin and cartilage). Polymers, being organic, offer a versatility that is unmatched by metals and ceramics. The wide spectrum of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties provided by polymers has fueled the extensive research, development, and applications of polymeric biomaterials. The significance of polymers as biomaterials is reflected in the market size of medical polymers, estimated to be approximately $1 billion. Many of these polymers were initially developed as plastics, elastomers, and fibers for nonmedical industrial applications, but were later developed as biomedical-specific materials. With rapid growth in modern biology and interdisciplinary collaborative efforts, polymeric biomaterials are being fashioned into bioactive and biomimetic materials, with excellent biocompatibility.
Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Transportation

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures growers, packers, and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually address preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing and shipping. This 3-page fact sheet covers the GAPs of transporting crops. This major revision is a part of the Food Safety on the Farm series and was written by Christopher R. Pabst, Jaysankar De, Alina Balaguero, Jessica Lepper, Renee Goodrich-Schneider, and Keith R. Schneider and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs151
Left ventricular pacemaker wire through patent foramen ovale

A 53-year-old male status post pacemaker placement three months prior for sinus bradycardia presented with worsening dyspnea, holosystolic murmur, and a ventricular-paced right bundle branch block on electrocardiogram. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a pacer wire in the right atrium coursing into the left atrium and ventricle through an undiagnosed patent foramen ovale. The patient underwent surgical repair and repositioning of the pacemaker lead without complication. Although rare, it should be suspected after recent lead placement.
Understanding Social Media Beyond Text: A Reliable Practice on Twitter

Social media provides high-volume and real-time data, which has been broadly used in diverse applications in sales, marketing, disaster management, health surveillance, etc. However, distinguishing between noises and reliable information can be challenging, since social media, a user-generated content system, has a great number of users who update massive information every second. The rich information is not only included in the short textual content but also embedded in the images and videos. In this paper, we introduce an effective and efficient framework for event detection with social media data. The framework integrates both textual and imagery content in the hope to fully utilize the information. The approach has been demonstrated to be more accurate than the text-only approach by removing 58 (66.7%) false-positive events. The precision of event detection is improved by 6.5%. Besides, based on our analysis, we also look into the content of these images to further explore the space of social media studies. Finally, the closely related text and image from social media offer us a valuable text-image mapping, which can enable knowledge transfer between two media types.
Do People Engage in Motivated Reasoning to Think the World Is a Good Place for Others

Motivated reasoning is a bias in inference in which people distort their updating process in the direction of more attractive beliefs. Prior work has shown how motivated reasoning leads people to form overly "positive" beliefs that also serve to bolster one's self-image in domains such as intelligence, prosociality, and politics. In this paper, I study whether positivity-motivated reasoning persists in domains where self-image does not play a role. In particular, I analyze whether individuals motivatedly reason to think that the world is a better place for others. Building off of the design from Thaler (2020), I conduct a large online experiment to test for positivity-motivated reasoning on issues such as cancer survival rates, others' happiness, and infant mortality. I find no systematic evidence for positivity-motivated or negativity-motivated reasoning, and can rule out modest effects. Positivity is not a sufficient condition for motivated reasoning.
Reinforcing Magnetorheological Fluids with Highly Anisotropic 2D Materials

Magnetorheological fluids (MRF) are suspensions of magnetic particles that solidify in the presence of a magnetic field. While non-magnetic additives could improve MRF performance, explorations into such additives have not coalesced into an understanding of their influence, and particularly the role of additive morphology. Here, we explore α-Ni(OH)2 2D sheets, with aspect ratios of ∼25,000, as highly anisotropic MRF additives. Experiments studying pressure-driven flow of an MRF with and without these sheets show that their addition can increase the saturation pressure by as much as 46 %. However, shear-mode rheology reveals that they can also weaken the MRF by inhibiting the chaining of the iron particles at low field strengths and have no effect at higher field strengths. In order to reconcile the strikingly different results, we propose that 2D materials introduce a non-Newtonian handle to modify smart fluids in a manner that depends on the curvature of the shearing strain rate profile. Specifically, we identify a modification to the Buckingham-Reiner model of pressure-driven flow for a Bingham plastic in which the sheets widen the solidified plug. This work highlights the subtle interaction between particles in smart fluids and flows while emphasizing the opportunity for using anisotropy to tune this interaction.
Comparative Evaluation of the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Phenotypic Detection of Guiana Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Type Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales.

OBJECTIVE We comparatively evaluated the performance of 3 phenotypic tests for the detection of carbapenemase production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carbapenemase production was evaluated using the modified Hodge test (MHT), the modified carbapenemase inhibition method (mCIM), and the Rapidec Carba NP test (RCNP). RESULTS Among the 170 isolates, 79 were CP-CRE and 91 were non-CP-CRE. The CP-CRE isolates produced GES-5 (n = 66), KPC (n = 4), NDM (n = 7), NDM and OXA-48 (n = 1), and VIM (n = 1). For KPC producers, all 3 methods showed a sensitivity of 75%. The sensitivities of MHT, mCIM, and RCNP were 14.3%, 100%, and 71.4%, respectively, for NDM producers, and 1.5%, 12.1%, and 18.2% for GES-5 producers, respectively. CONCLUSION The performance of the phenotypic tests varied depending on the type of carbapenemase. For intensive infection control, phenotypic and molecular tests are required for the detection of common and rare types of carbapenemases.
Obscuring Asian Penalty with Illusions of Black Bonus

Do white students enjoy an unfair advantage as compared to Asian Americans in admissions to certain universities? This Article explains the proper legal comparison under settled civil rights law for making this determination based on the number of white and Asian American applicants and admits for a given admissions cycle. This Article also raises questions regarding the accuracy of blaming affirmative action favoring African Americans — a Black bonus — for racial discrimination against Asian Americans — an Asian penalty. It does so by examining charges of Asian penalty made by amici in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin and the similar charges made in the complaints in lawsuits challenging racial affirmative action by Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The Article exposes two mathematical fallacies as well as the limitations of an oft-cited 2009 book that have been relied upon regularly to bolster the notion that admissions bonuses for African Americans and Latinos cause universities to operate racially discriminatory anti-Asian American admissions ceilings. The Article illuminates how efforts to link affirmative action and Asian penalty omit a key inquiry for identifying anti-Asian American discrimination — disparate impact analysis comparing Asian American selection rates to white selection rates.
Predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying among college students: A two wave study

Existing research on cyberbullying has primarily focused on adolescents in cross-sectional survey studies, with less research focusing on college students or employed adults over longer periods of time. To extend this literature, the current study examined new predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying perpetration (CP) and victimization (CV) among college students from two different universities that were followed across two time points. Risk factors were measured in line with previous theoretical models, including biological or personality-related variables (e.g., low self-control, dark-side personality traits, empathy) and environmental variables (e.g., perceived social support, lack of rule clarity, and internet use). Additionally, we examined several possible outcomes of CV and CP. Results from path analyses revealed that involvement with traditional bullying (either as a perpetrator or a victim) as well as Machiavellianism significantly predicted CV and CP. With regard to the cross-lagged associations between CV and CP, we found that Time 1 CV predicted time 2 CP, but Time 1 CP did not predict Time 2 CV. That is, being a victim of cyberbullying during the Fall semester predicted involvement as a perpetrator in the Spring semester. However, being a perpetrator during the Fall semester did not predict being a victim during the Spring semester. Regarding outcomes, we found that CV significantly predicted anxiety, depression, and helping behavior, and CP significantly predicted deviant behavior, but not GPA nor alcohol consumption. These findings have practical implications for college students as well as university student support services.
Efficient interactive rendering of detailed models with hierarchical levels of detail

Recent acquisition systems, such as the one developed at the University of California at Berkeley, are capable of collecting large, detailed, highly textured models that standard levels of detail (LOD) rendering techniques [T.A. Funkhouser et al. (1993)] cannot handle efficiently. We propose an out-of-core rendering engine which applies the cost and benefit approach of the Adaptive Display algorithm by Funkhouser and Sequin [1993] to hierarchical levels of detail (HLODs) [C. Erikson et al. (2001)]. Unlike the Adaptive Display algorithm, we do not skip objects to maintain interactivity when many objects are visible. Funkhouser and Sequin apply hysteresis by adding a penalty in the benefit heuristics to discourage disturbing visual effects due to fast switching of detail in the model. However, this penalty may not be sufficient if the user is moving around rapidly in the scene. Instead, we have developed a more robust temporal hysteresis by retaining how much detail is rendered over a time period. We have implemented our rendering engine to run on a common personal computer with a standard graphics card. The engine is capable of visualizing, in both walk-through and fly-through mode, a detailed model of 25 city blocks comprised of 7 million triangles and 720 million color pixels. Our engine maintains a constant frame rate and limits excessive flickering simultaneously.
A Review of “Route 66: Iconography of the American Highway”

Arthur Krim's Route 66 is clearly a labor of love, written by a geographer who has had a longtime attraction to the romance, power, and cultural significance of the American roadscape. Krim identif...
Changes in Lateral Abdominal Muscle Thickness During an Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver in Individuals With and Without Low Back Pain

The purpose of this study was to compare lateral abdominal muscle thickness changes in individuals with and without low back pain (LBP) during an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) using ultrasound imaging. Twenty individuals (13 females and 7 males, average age 40.1 ± 13.4) with stabilization classification LBP and 19 controls (10 females and 9 males, average age 30.3 ± 8.7) participated in this study. Bilateral measurements were made using ultrasound imaging to determine changes in thickness of the transversus abdominus (TrA) and external and internal oblique (EO+IO) muscles during an ADIM. There were no significant differences in relaxed muscle thickness values or contraction ratios for the TrA or EO+IO between groups or side. Individuals with stabilization classification LBP demonstrated no difference in lateral abdominal muscle thickness during an ADIM when compared with controls without LBP when using a pressure biofeedback device to monitor stability.