cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anger in the Trajectory of Healing from Childhood Maltreatment

When a girl is abused during childhood, she may not experience anger, only helplessness or numbness. Only later may the emotion of anger surface. Little is known about anger cognitions or behaviors as they occur across the years of the healing trajectory from childhood maltreatment. Data for the present secondary analysis were derived from a large narrative study of women thriving in adulthood despite childhood abuse. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the phenomenon of anger and its role in the recovery process of 6 midlife women. The 6 cases were purposefully selected because their interviews contained rich descriptions of anger experiences. Because each woman was interviewed 3 times over a 6- to 12-month period, 18 transcripts were available for in-depth examination. A typology was constructed, depicting 5 types of anger. Anger ranged from nonproductive, self-castigating behavior to empowering, righteous anger that enabled women to protect themselves from further abuse and to advocate for abused children. Study findings are relevant to extant theories of women's anger and feminist therapies.
Osteogenesis imperfecta, perioperative bleeding, and desmopressin.

OSTEOGENESIS imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle-bone disease, is a genetic disorder of connective tissue that causes susceptibility to fractures. In OI, these individuals have an increased risk of bleeding when undergoing surgery. The coagulation defect is related to the effect of abnormal collagen on platelet-endothelial cell interactions and capillary strength. By its action on capillary endothelial cells, desmopression, a synthetic analog of antidiuretic homone, may improve the coagulation abnormality seen in patients with OI. We describe the use of desmopressin in a patient with OI who experienced excessive bleeding in the setting of a major surgical procedure.
Nucleoplasmin associates with and is phosphorylated by casein kinase II

Nucleoplasmin is a phosphorylated nuclear-accumulating protein. We report herein that the kinetics of its cytoplasm-->nucleus transport are affected by its degree of phosphorylation. Therefore, we sought to identify any protein kinase which specifically associates with nucleoplasmin. We discovered that nucleoplasmin co-isolates by two independent methods (immunoabsorption and chromatography) in a complex including a kinase which phosphorylates nucleoplasmin. The co-purifying kinase is casein kinase II-like because: (i) it phosphorylates casein; (ii) its phospho-transferase activity can be competed out by GTP; (iii) it is stimulated by polylysine; and (iv) it is inhibited by heparin. Moreover, a polyclonal antibody to the alpha (38 kDa) and alpha9 (36 kDa) catalytic subunits of casein kinase II specifically recognizes 38 and 36 kDa polypeptides in the nucleoplasmin-complex, and a specific inhibitor of casein kinase II inhibits nucleoplasmin9s nuclear transport. Additionally, we found that phosphorylation of nucleoplasmin by its associated casein kinase II is strongly inhibited by histones and that, in addition to nucleoplasmin, another protein (p100) in the nucleoplasmin-complex is phosphorylated by casein kinase II.
The use of structured imagery and dispositional measurement to assess situational use of mindfulness skills.

The recent proliferation of studies on mindfulness produced varying theoretical models, each based in part on how mindfulness is assessed. These models agree, however, that mindfulness encompasses moment-to-moment or situational experiences. Incongruence between dispositional and situational assessment would be problematic for theory and empirical research. In particular, it remains to be established whether situational measurement is an accurate method for mindfulness assessment and whether dispositional measures are able to accurately detect mindfulness skills in various situations. The association between dispositional and situational mindfulness processes (i.e., situational attention awareness and emotion acceptance) was examined in two studies. In Study 1 (N = 148), independent groups who reported high and low levels of dispositional mindfulness skills were compared on a continuous measure of situational mindfulness skills. In Study 2 (N = 317), dispositional mindfulness questionnaires were used to predict situational use of mindfulness skills. Results suggest not only that situational measures accurately detect use of mindfulness skills, but also that dispositional measures can predict one’s use of situational mindfulness skills. Findings from both studies were consistent across both positive and negative situations. Moreover, neither neuroticism nor extraversion was shown to have a moderating effect on the relationship between dispositional and situational use of mindfulness skills. The implications of these findings for clinical practice and future investigations pertaining to measurement validity in this area are discussed.
The Global Economic Inter-relationships of the U.S. Air Transportation Services Industry using Input-Output Analysis

Global integration of economies over the past two decades has interconnected many of the countries and industries in the world. The World Input Output Database (WIOD) provides domestic output production and use information on 59 industries, in 40 countries that cover 85% of the global output. Using 2010 U.S. Air Transportation Services (ATS) industry growth as a proxy for change in the final demand variable, the additional output from each other industry necessary to supply the additional U.S. ATS growth was calculated using IO analysis. No real eye-opening trends in industries resulted from this limited analysis, perhaps because ATS is less than 1% of U.S. GDP. The aggregate GDP sectors receiving a positive boost from growth in the U.S. ATS industry were agriculture; mining; transportation & warehousing; and some manufacturing and service industries. The aggregate GDP sectors receiving a negative boost from growth in the U.S. ATS industry were construction; finance, insurance and real estate; wholesale and retail trade; and other service sectors.
α-Latrotoxin increases spontaneous and depolarization-evoked exocytosis from pancreatic islet β-cells

α-Latrotoxin (α-LT), a potent excitatory neurotoxin, increases spontaneous, as well as action potential-evoked, quantal release at nerve terminals and increases hormone release from excitable endocrine cells. We have investigated the effects of α-LT on single human, mouse and canine β-cells. In isolated and combined measurements, α-LT, at nanomolar concentrations, induces: (i) rises in cytosolic Ca2+, into the micromolar range, that are dependent on extracellular Ca2+; (ii) large conductance non-selective cation channels; and (iii) Ca2+-dependent insulin granule exocytosis, measured as increases in membrane capacitance and quantal release of preloaded serotonin. Furthermore, at picomolar concentrations, α-LT potentiates depolarization-induced exocytosis often without evidence of inducing channel activity or increasing cytosolic Ca2+. These results strongly support the hypothesis that α-LT, after binding to specific receptors, has at least two complementary modes of action on excitable cells. (i) α-LT inserts into the plasma membrane to form Ca2+ permeable channels and promote Ca2+ entry thereby triggering Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in unstimulated cells. (ii) At lower concentrations, where its channel forming activity is hardly evident, α-LT augments depolarization-evoked exocytosis probably by second messenger-induced enhancement of the efficiency of the vesicle recruitment or vesicle fusion machinery. We suggest that both modes of action enhance exocytosis from a newly described highly Ca2+-sensitive pool of insulin granules activated by global cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in the range of ∼1 μm.
Explaining Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy: Personality, Cognitions, and Cultural Mistrust

The authors explore the hypothesis that career decision-making self-efficacy could be affected by negative career thoughts, Big Five personality factors, and cultural mistrust in a sample of African American and Caucasian college students. Findings demonstrated that negative career thinking, openness, and conscientiousness explained a significant amount of variance in career decision-making self-efficacy in a general sample of college students, but no unique variance was explained by cultural mistrust in a sample of African American college students.
Stability criteria for spontaneously pulsing gas lasers

Low-threshold spontaneous pulsations are known to occur in the output beams of certain high-gain gas lasers, and good agreement between the experimental observations and numerical models has been achieved. There have also been several analytical studies of threshold criteria for spontaneously pulsing lasers. However, the analytical studies are mostly not applicable to the lasers in which the pulsations have been observed. Stability criteria for high-gain gas lasers are derived in this study, and these criteria are compared with a previously modeled gas laser instability.
Correlation of thermodynamic properties of amine-water solution with molecular structure

The solutions of amines and water are in several respects among the most interesting that have been studied. They give some of the most perfect examples of lower consolute temperatures with fast breaking, almost flat solubility curves near the critical solution point. Their heat and entropy of solution are very high, and with few other solutions do the thermodynamic properties show greater sensitivity to molecular structure. The activity coefficients for these solutions are inordinately difficult to fit with equations such as the Margules, Redlich-Kister, etc., requiring as many as six constants. It has been found however that some of the properties can be correlated in terms of structural parameters which are measures of the steric and inductive contribution of the substituent groups. A very good correlation of the heat of solution at infinite dilution of amines in water is given. An equation of the Margules type employing orthogonal polynomials is given for which the constants are similarly correlated. Five six-carbon atom amines at 10°C. are included in the latter correlations, and the activity coefficients of all of these are represented in terms of two structural parameters.
SOI-enabled MEMS processes lead to novel mechanical, optical, and atomic physics devices

Beginning in the mid-1990s, Sandia National Laboratories began its migration to Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers to develop a radiation-hardened semiconductor process for sub-0.5mum geometries. Successfully radiation hardening SOI technologies enabled an in-house processing familiarity that exceeded our expectations by opening opportunities to improve other technologies. Rather than rely on a single SOI technology, we have developed families of SOI processes using SOI wafers specifically tailored for each of a number of diverse applications. From this SOI expertise, we have designed, developed, and fabricated a number of novel devices that exploit a variety of mechanical, electrical, and optical phenomena, including atomic-physics based devices. We present a high-level description of our SOI process technologies using product examples. Of particular note are a novel accelerometer, RF MEMS microresonators and contacting switches, integrated optics (low-loss Si waveguides, the smallest and lowest power micro-ring modulators and thermo-optic phase modulators/switches), and ion traps for quantum computing (along with other atomic physics device examples).
The role of JUN in the regulation of PRKCC-mediated STAR expression and steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells

Activator protein 1 (JUN) transcription factors (JUN and FOS) play critical roles in a wide variety of signaling processes including those in the protein kinase C (PRKCC) pathway, a pathway that is instrumental in the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein. In the present study, we determined the functional involvement of one of the key JUN family members, JUN, in the regulation of PRKCC-dependent STAR expression and steroidogenesis. MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells treated with an activator of PRKCC, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), demonstrated increases in the expression of the STAR and CYP11A1 proteins and progesterone synthesis, which coincided with the expression and phosphorylation of JUN (P-JUN). PMA was also capable of enhancing the cAMP analog, (Bu)(2)cAMP, which stimulated JUN, STAR, P-STAR and progesterone levels. The induction of Jun mRNA expression and steroid synthesis by PMA requires de novo protein synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed the association of P-JUN with the STAR proximal promoter and that PMA specifically enhanced in vivo P-JUN-DNA interaction. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and reporter gene analyses demonstrated that JUN binds to the JUN motif (-81/-75 bp) in the STAR promoter, and that JUN-DNA-binding activity was highly correlated with the induction of JUN by PRKCC signaling. Overexpression of JUN increased the PMA-mediated transcription of the Star gene, an event markedly decreased by TAM-67, a dominant negative mutant of JUN. Targeted silencing of endogenous JUN, by small interfering RNA, was correlated with the repression of basal- and PMA-mediated STAR expression and progesterone synthesis. These findings describe the mechanisms by which JUN influences PRKCC signaling and provide additional and novel insight into the regulation of the steroidogenic machinery in mouse Leydig cells.
Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults: The Role of Attachment Orientations and Romantic Relationship Conflict

Although romantic involvement in adulthood has generally been associated with enhanced well-being, some aspects of adults’ romantic relationships (e.g., maladaptive conflict behaviors) have been linked with depressive symptoms. In order to better understand the role of romantic involvement in well-being, the present study examined links among attachment orientations, conflict behaviors with romantic partners, and depressive symptoms in an undergraduate sample of young adults (N = 110). Correlational analyses generally supported the hypothesized links. When a regression series was applied to the data in order to determine whether young adults’ conflict behaviors serve as a mediator in the link between their attachment orientations and depressive symptoms, mediation was not supported. Instead, results supported a model wherein attachment orientations and conflict behaviors (attacking) were independent predictors, explaining unique variance in young adults’ depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the importance of considering specific aspects of young adults’ romantic relationships in the prediction of their depressive symptoms and illuminate the role attachment orientations and conflict behaviors in their depressive symptoms.
Interspousal Similarity: A New Approach to an Old Question

Married couples from the community were given the Couples Interaction Assessment (CIA) to determine the degree of interspousal similarity/dissimilarity. The CIA is a newly developed in vivo procedure in which the couples discuss predetermined situations. The discussions are recorded and later scored for occurrences of dominating and energizing responses, and for time of communicating. Analyses showed a significant positive correlation between spouses on dominating and communicating, but not on energizing. The advantages and possible further developments of the CIA were discussed.
Safety of cardiac magnetic resonance and contrast angiography for neonates and small infants: a 10-year single-institution experience.

With increasing applications of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD), safety of this technology in the very young is of particular interest. We report our 10-year experience with CMR in neonates and small infants with particular focus on the safety profile and incidence of adverse events (AEs). We reviewed clinical, anesthesia and nursing records of all children ≤120 days of age who underwent CMR. We recorded variables including cardiac diagnosis, study duration, anesthesia type and agents, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) dependence and gadolinium (Gd) use. Serially recorded temperature, systemic saturation (SpO2) and cardiac rhythm were analyzed. Primary outcome measure was any AE during or <24 h after the procedure, including minor AEs such as hypothermia (axillary temperature ≤95 °F), desaturation (SpO2 drop ≥10% below baseline) and bradycardia (heart rate ≤100 bpm). Secondary outcome measure was unplanned overnight hospitalization of outpatients. Children (n = 143; 74 boys, 69 girls) had a median age of 6 days (1–117), and 98 were ≤30 days at the time of CMR. The median weight was 3.4 kg (1.4–6 kg) and body surface area 0.22 m2 (0.13–0.32 m2). There were 118 (83%) inpatients (108 receiving intensive care) and 25 (17%) outpatients. Indications for CMR were assessment of aortic arch (n = 57), complex CHD (n = 41), pulmonary veins (n = 15), vascular ring (n = 8), intracardiac mass (n = 8), pulmonary artery (n = 7), ventricular volume (n = 4), and systemic veins (n = 3). CMR was performed using a 1.5-T scanner and a commercially available coil. CMR utilized general anesthesia (GA) in 86 children, deep sedation (DS) in 50 and comforting methods in seven. MRA was performed in 136 children. Fifty-nine children were PGE1-dependent and 39 had single-ventricle circulation. Among children on PGE1, 43 (73%) had GA and 10 (17%) had DS. Twelve children (9%) had adverse events (AEs)—one major and 11 minor. Of those 12, nine children had GA (10%) and three had DS (6%). The single major AE was respiratory arrest after DS in a neonate (resuscitated without sequelae). Minor AEs included desaturations (n = 2), hypothermia (n = 5), bradycardia (n = 2), and bradycardia with hypoxemia (n = 2). Incidence of minor AEs was 9% for inpatients (vs. 4% for outpatients), and 8% for neonates (vs. 9% for age ≥30 days). Incidence of minor AEs was similar between PGE1-dependent infants and the non-PGE1 group. There were no adverse events related to MRA. Of 25 outpatients, 5 (20%) were admitted for overnight observation due to desaturations. CMR and MRA can be accomplished safely in neonates and infants ≤120 days old for a wide range of pre-surgical cardiac indications. Adverse events were unrelated to patient age, complexity of heart disease, type of anesthesia or PGE1 dependence.
A variable tandem repeat locus mapped to chromosome band 10q26 is amplified and rearranged in leukocyte DNAs of two cancer patients

Abstract A highly polymorphic locus associated with the variable tandem repetition of a 35 bp consensus sequence was mapped to chromosome 10, band q26. Examination of leukocyte DNA from a cancer patient revealed the twenty-fold amplification of one allelic fragment of this locus, while the other allelic fragment demonstrated a normal copy number. In another patient, Southern blotting of leukocyte DNA detected the deletion of the 3'-flanking region from one tandem repeat allele. These results indicate that variable tandem repeats may mark highly unstable regions of DNA in the human genome which can be altered by changes more extensive than simple tandem repeat variation.
Outer Membrane Lysis Increases Accessibility of Cationic Drugs to the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The cationic anticancer drugs adriamycin and MGBG, and the polyamine spermidine, inhibit mitochondrial respiration. This inhibitory effect depends on the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Lysis of the outer membrane enhances inhibitory interactions of the organic cations with the respiratory chain. Addition of digitonin to Iyse the outer membrane also results in an increment of uptake of isotopically labeled spermidine and MGBG, consistent with rapid penetration of the outer membrane barrier. Subsequent to outer membrane lysis, a slower respiration dependent uptake of spermidine and MGBG is seen, which appears to reflect transport across the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix. 14C-Iabeled daunomycin, a structural analog of adriamycin, rapidly binds to the mitochondria by a mechanism which includes non-ionic interactions.
Mechanisms underlying stabilization of temporally summated muscle contractions in the lobster (Panulirus) pyloric system.

Muscles are the final effectors of behavior. The neural basis of behavior therefore cannot be completely understood without a description of the transfer function between neural output and muscle c...
Effect of Deep Penetration of Interleaf on Delamination Resistance in GFRP

The problem of improving the delamination resistance and toughness of laminate fiber-reinforced composites especially for the drop-off structure is receiving considerable attention with the increasing need and application in industries. A hot melt-bonding process is developed to bond glass fabric laminates and the thermoplastic (TP) polysulfone (PSU) interleaf prior to the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) of laminate composites. The TP interleaf is heated above the glass transition temperature to reduce the viscosity when penetrating deeply into the glass fiber fabric. Mechanical tensile testing is performed to quantify the effects of the penetration depth on composite delamination resistance and composite toughness under different melt-bonding temperatures. Crack paths are observed by optical microscopy to characterize the crack propagation and arrest mechanism. Postmortem high-resolution imaging of the fracture surfaces is used to characterize the toughening mechanism of the TP interleaf reinforcements by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With deep penetration of the interleaf into the fiber bundles, cracks arrested within the penetration region improve the toughness by avoiding the cracks to reach the weak interface between interleaf and epoxy.
ARCc: A case for an architecturally redundant cache-coherence architecture for large multicores

This paper proposes an architecturally redundant cache-coherence architecture (ARCc) that combines the directory and shared-NUCA based coherence protocols to improve performance, energy and dependability. Both coherence mechanisms co-exist in the hardware and ARCc enables seamless transition between the two protocols. We present an online analytical model implemented in the hardware that predicts performance and triggers a transition between the two coherence protocols at application-level granularity. The ARCc architecture delivers up to 1.6× higher performance and up to 1.5× lower energy consumption compared to the directory-based counterpart. It does so by identifying applications which benefit from the large shared cache capacity of shared-NUCA because of lower off-chip accesses, or where remote-cache word accesses are efficient.
Entoprocta from the Bergen area

Abstract Localities or nineteen species of Entoprocta found in the Bergen area are given; nine species are new to the fauna of Norway, including Loxosomella aripes sp. nov. found on the setae of Laonice cirrata.
Profane and Sacred: Religious Imagery and Prophetic Expression in Postmodern Art

Dans l'art chretien traditionnel, l'image souffrante du Christ et celle de la croix sont les symboles ultimes du sacrifice voulu pour la foi et la transformation des attitudes et de la culture qui dominaient dans la societe pre-chretienne. Le Christ comme marginal social fournissait un message de redemption. Cependant, avec une ironie considerable, plusieurs artistes postmodernes ont assume un discours prophetique en faisant reference a des images religieuses dans un contexte revisionniste afin d'examiner quelles attitudes religieuses et culturelles ont engendre persecution et exploitation
Report from the Conference Rapporteur.

I face the task of summarizing, in something less than twenty minutes, what it has taken literally dozens of experienced, thoughtful and committed people more than two days to say! Rather than do injustice by trying to truncate such rich discussion, I will focus my remarks on the plenary sessions-and on the phenomena of the gathering itself, noting as I do that the small group interactions were surely the richest of the formats, and acknowledging that the written or formally spoken word must, of necessity, fall short of the quality of human interaction achieved by the creative format of the Conference.
Sequencing Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes

Rapid advancement and decreasing costs of DNA sequencing technologies have yielded great strides in improving our understanding of the genetic etiology of human disease, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The state of the science of sequencing in human disease has progressed from being largely restricted to single-gene disorders, to elucidating common variants conferring susceptibility to common diseases, and most recently to the cataloging of rare variants involved in common diseases. Sanger sequencing, DNA amplification, and microarrays provided early insights into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes, but the establishment of massively parallel sequencing platforms has accelerated the process. There are several different platforms, including Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, and Ion Torrent technologies. Each platform has its own specific strengths and weakness, and proper quality control and variant-calling techniques are crucial for accurate sequencing data. The high-throughput capabilities of these technologies have allowed population-based sequencing projects, such as the 1000 Genomes Project, to create repositories of human genomic variation. Genetic variants first associated with T2D were discovered through sequencing a number of candidate genes, with PPARG and KCNJ11 yielding variants with consistent enough association to be established universally as the first two T2D susceptibility genes. Variants in the HNF4A pancreatic-specific P2 promoter and TCF7L2 gene were both discovered through sequencing of linkage signals. Genome-wide association studies have found many T2D-associated regions, but a limited amount of sequencing has been performed to follow up these studies with limited numbers of causal variants being discovered. The growth of massively parallel sequencing has led to the generation of comprehensive sequencing across the exome and genome of large numbers of individuals with T2D in projects such as the T2D-GENES consortium. These data will provide the enhanced understanding of the genetic architecture of T2D necessary for improving approaches to the prevention and treatment of T2D.
Testicular function in 2 Cases of Penile Agenesis

AbstractTwo cases of congenital absence of the penis are presented. In both cases testicular androgen function was adequate, as judged by measurements of plasma androgens after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin
Developing Loyal Customers with a Value-adding Sales Force: Examining Customer Satisfaction and the Perceived Credibility of Consultative Salespeople

The consultative services of business-to-business salespeople are becoming increasingly important to customers when evaluating a supplier's overall value. Thus, a customer evaluation may depend on the salesperson's expertise and trustworthiness; without trust or expertise, customers hesitate to adopt the solutions presented by a salesperson. This study investigates the perceived expertise and trust of a salesperson in a business-to-business context. Findings suggest that both are important to overall customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer perceptions of a salesperson's power in the supply-firm and perceptions of the quality of interactions with a salesperson were found to be important when developing perceptions of expertise among business customers.
Law, health care, and ethics: detoxifying the lethal mix.

A physician argues that a systems analysis approach to medical errors must be widely used to improve health system safety. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Hidden market design

The next decade will see an abundance of new intelligent systems, many of which will be market-based. Soon, users will indirectly interact with many markets without knowing it: when driving their car, when listening to a song, when talking on the phone, when backing up their files, or even when surfing the web. I argue that these new systems can only be successful if a new approach is chosen towards designing them. In particular, the complexities of the market must be hidden and the interaction for the user must be seamless. In this paper I introduce the general problem of "Hidden Market Design." An important goal of this research agenda is to understand the trade-off between increasing market efficiency on the one side, and decreasing interaction complexity for the user on the other side. To illustrate the main paradigm, I give a series of examples where hidden markets could be applied. I hope that the problem of hidden market design will inspire other researchers and lead to new research in this direction, paving the way for more successful market-based systems in the future.
Spanish Language Children’s Books Focusing on Health Literacy: An Annotated Bibliography

ABSTRACTAn efficient and economical health care system requires that patients and providers understand each other. For Latino patients, the challenges to effective communication include limited Spanish language ability of providers, limited English language ability of patients, lack of knowledge of the health system, and a generally low educational attainment resulting in general low literacy and numeracy abilities. Both literacy and public health research suggests that focusing on family systems and children is a good path to helping the entire Latino community to navigate better healthcare. This poster provides a selection of titles of readily available Spanish and bilingual (Spanish/English) children’s books that focus on health literacy as well as a series that addresses children’s health issues written for low literacy Spanish-speaking parents. The bibliography is organized into the following categories: Exercise, Healthy Habits, The Human Body, Hygiene, Nutrition, Parenting, and Understanding Differ...
Safety of disclosing amyloid status in cognitively normal older adults

Abstract Introduction Disclosing amyloid status to cognitively normal individuals remains controversial given our lack of understanding the test's clinical significance and unknown psychological risk. Methods We assessed the effect of amyloid status disclosure on anxiety and depression before disclosure, at disclosure, and 6 weeks and 6 months postdisclosure and test-related distress after disclosure. Results Clinicians disclosed amyloid status to 97 cognitively normal older adults (27 had elevated cerebral amyloid). There was no difference in depressive symptoms across groups over time. There was a significant group by time interaction in anxiety, although post hoc analyses revealed no group differences at any time point, suggesting a minimal nonsustained increase in anxiety symptoms immediately postdisclosure in the elevated group. Slight but measureable increases in test-related distress were present after disclosure and were related to greater baseline levels of anxiety and depression. Discussion Disclosing amyloid imaging results to cognitively normal adults in the clinical research setting with pre- and postdisclosure counseling has a low risk of psychological harm.
Patient-specific 3D models aid planning for triplane proximal femoral osteotomy in slipped capital femoral epiphysis

AbstractPurposeSlipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) can result in a complex three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the proximal femur. A three-plane proximal femoral osteotomy (TPFO) has been described to improve hip mechanics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of using 3D print technology to aid in surgical planning.Patients and MethodsFifteen children treated with TPFO for symptomatic proximal femoral deformity due to SCFE were included in this study. Ten patients were treated by a single surgeon with (model group, n = 5) or without (no-model group, n = 5) a 3D model for pre-operative planning, and compared with patients treated by two senior partners without the use of a model (senior group, n = 5) to evaluate for a learning curve. Peri-operative data including patient body mass index (BMI), surgical time and fluoroscopy time were recorded.ResultsChildren in all three groups had similar BMIs at the time of the TPFO. Post-operative radiographic parameters were equally improved in a...
Current developments and trends in Dislocation Dynamics

Recent developments and applications of Dislocation Dynamics (DD) methodology are discussed in the context of their relevance to the Dynamics of Metals program at LLNL and parallel efforts elsewhere. The paper begins with a discussion of existing and developing linkages between DD and atomistic simulations (see the companion paper by Moriarty et al. in this issue). We then continue with an overview of the recent methodological developments leading to a discussion of connections between DD simulations and continuum meso-scale modeling and experiment (see the companion article by Becker et al. in this issue). The section finishes with a brief summary of issues that need to be resolved in the near future for the DD approach to deliver on its promise.
Wollastonite carbonation in water-bearing supercritical CO2: Effects of water saturation conditions, temperature, and pressure

Abstract The carbonation of silicates in water-bearing supercritical CO2 (scCO2) can affect the performance of CO2-enhanced subsurface operation. This study investigated the effects of water, temperature, and pressure on the carbonation of wollastonite (CaSiO3) in water-bearing scCO2 at 35–93 °C, 25–125 bar, and from dry conditions to 140 times more water than needed for saturation (140 × Sw). The extent of reaction increased with more water, higher pressure, and interestingly, lower temperature. In addition, for the first time, we report on water-bearing scCO2–silicate reactions for samples with varying prior histories of water saturation conditions, temperature, and pressure. For a sample initially reacted at 100% water saturation (1 × Sw) and then with 45 × Sw, the final reaction extent was smaller than the sample reacted only with 45 × Sw. Similarly, for a sample initially reacted at 60 °C and then at 35 °C, the reaction extent was smaller than for a sample reacted only at 35 °C. In contrast, for a sample initially reacted at 50 bar and then at 100 bar, the reaction extent was the same as for a sample reacted only at 100 bar. The amorphous silica layers formed on the particle surfaces are more permeable with more water and lower temperature, and are not affected by pressure. These findings provide new insights into the extent to which water-bearing scCO2–silicates reactions depend on environmental conditions and the reactions' impacts on subsurface CO2 injection.
Modeling and Design of “Smart Braid” Inductance Sensors for Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosures

Fiber-reinforced soft actuators use inextensible fibers to shape the expansion of elastomeric fluid-filled chambers. The classic example, McKibben muscles, is part of a broader class of cylindrical soft actuators known as fiber-reinforced elastomeric enclosures (FREEs). These actuators can be designed to twist while extending or contracting. Using a circuit of conductive, electrically insulated wire as the reinforcing fibers allows one to measure the motion of the actuator with the circuit inductance. These sensors, developed previously for McKibben muscles, are known as “Smart Braids.” This paper extends the concept of Smart Braids to the broader class of two-fiber-family cylindrical FREEs. A dimensionless model for the inductance of Smart Braid FREEs is presented that can be scaled to specific sensor geometries. This model depends only on the ratio of the fiber lengths in the two families and the angle of one of the fibers. The model was validated both numerically and experimentally, predicting the sensitivity of experimental sensors accurately, the largest errors being −11% and 9%. The model presented in this paper will enable high-level design decisions for Smart Braid FREES and optimization without computationally expensive direct numerical simulation.
The Landscape of CAR T Cells Beyond Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia for Pediatric Solid Tumors.

Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T cells holds the promise to improve outcomes for children with recurrent/refractory solid tumors and has the potential to reduce treatment complications for all patients. Although T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for CD19 have had remarkable success for B-cell–derived malignancies, which has led to their approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, CAR T cells have been less effective for solid tumors and brain tumors. Lack of efficacy is most likely multifactorial, but heterogeneous antigen expression; limited migration of T cells to tumor sites; and the immunosuppressive, hostile tumor microenvironment have emerged as major roadblocks that must be addressed. In this review, we summarize the clinical experience with CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric solid tumors, including brain tumors. In addition, we review strategies that have been and are being developed to enhance their antitumor activity.
Introduction to 'Sovereign Debt: From Safety to Default'

All of the chapters in this volume represent the cutting edge of thinking about sovereign debt. The contributions stem from the authors’ deep expertise in the subject matter. Almost all of the contributions are based on formal academic research conducted in the last two years. Accordingly, this book spreads before the reader the best thinking on sovereign debt by specialists drawn from top universities and key international financial institutions, including central banks, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. All of the contributions in this volume have been especially written for the intended reader - a nonfinance specialist interested in understanding the vital importance of sovereign debt for the world’s economic future. The book is divided into seven sections, and each is preceded by a brief essay describing the chapters in that section:I. The Political Economy of Sovereign DebtII. Making Sovereign Debt WorkIII. Sovereign Defaults, Restructurings, and the Resumption of BorrowingIV. Legal and Contractual Dimensions of Restructurings and DefaultsV. Historical PerspectivesVI. Sovereign Debt in Emerging MarketsVII. Sovereign Debt and Financial Crises
A prospective cost and outcome comparison of inguinal hernia repairs. Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal versus open tension-free preperitoneal.

We previously showed that patients undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy (TAPP) returned to activity twice as fast as open herniorrhaphy without mesh but that TAPP was twice as expensive. However, it was not clear if the immediate postoperative benefits offered by TAPP resulted from smaller incisions and less tissue dissection or from the requisite tension-free placement of mesh. We have therefore completed a prospective outcome and cost analysis comparing TAPP (n=59) to open preperitoneal mesh herniorrhaphy (PPO) (n=40) to determine the differences between the two different surgical techniques. When comparing unilateral repairs, there was no difference in hernia type. PPO patients were older (P<0.05) and their operations were shorter (P<0.01). Comparison of outcome parameters of pill days, out-of-house activity, and intial day to full activity revealed no difference. Cost analysis showed that total costs, disposable equipment costs, and operating room time costs were significantly less for PPO (P<0.01). There were two major complications (3%) and twelve minor complications (20%) in the TAPP group while PPO exhibited no major and five minor complications (12%). Follow-up data revealed one recurrence in the TAPP group. There were no recurrences in the PPO group at only 7 months average follow-up. We conclude that since both procedures had similar outcomes in the immediate postoperative period, the increased cost of TAPP and increased potential for both major and minor complications make it difficult to justify its routine use.
Increasing the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy through the simultaneous activation of multiple coproporphyrin III absorption peaks (Conference Presentation)

The increased incidence of antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria, like methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), necessitates treatments that eliminate the potential of developing further resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown promise as gram-positive infections can be specifically photosensitized by inducing the accumulation of coproporphyrin III (CPIII) through the administration of VU0038882 (‘882), a small-molecule activator of coproporphyrinogen oxidase, and delta-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA). While the phototoxic effects of CPIII are most pronounced when stimulated with 395nm light, corresponding to its Soret absorption-band, the high absorption of the skin at that wavelength reduces the efficacy in vivo by three orders of magnitude as compared to in vitro. Although the issue of light penetrance can be mitigated by using red-shifted wavelengths targeting the Q-bands of CPIII (λpeak=498/530/565/619nm), the efficiency of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and bacterial killing drastically reduces. Though this inefficiency can be partially overcome through an increased light dose, photoinactivation of CPIII and oxygen depletion limits this process to a maximum effective light dose. To overcome these limitations and improve the overall efficacy of CPIII-targeted aPDT, we designed and built a novel multi-LED light source and explored the effect of simultaneously targeting the Soret-band and Q-bands. We present that lower radiant exposures of blue light in conjunction with a higher exposure of green or red light increases the amount of bacterial killing by 1 to 3 logs in vitro as compared to either treatment alone. This enhancement is expected to increase when utilized in vivo due to differences in penetrance.
Imaging of Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Emerging infectious diseases have seen a record increase in prevalence, and understanding their management is critical in an increasingly global community. In this paper, we review current literature detailing the role of radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of the Ebola (EVD), Zika (ZVD), Chikungunya (CHIKF), H1N1, Middle East Respiratory (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) viruses. Complex protocols are required to safely use portable imaging in EVD to prevent nosocomial spread of disease. In ZVD, antenatal ultrasound can detect fetal abnormalities early, allowing implementation of care and support to affected families. Imaging is useful in assessing the extent of involvement of chronic CHIKF and monitoring treatment effect. Chest radiography and CT play a more direct role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the viral infections with primarily respiratory manifestations (H1N1, MERS, and SARS). Radiology plays a variable role in emerging infectious diseases, requiring an understanding of disease transmission and safe imaging practices, as well as imaging features that affect clinical management.
FRT Capability Enhancement of Autonomous AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid by Coordinated MSDBR and Interlinking Converter Control Strategy

This paper presents a novel coordinated control strategy based on Modulated Series Dynamic Braking Resistor (MSDBR) and Interlinking Converter (IC) for the Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability enhancement of an islanded Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid (HMG). A simple fault detection algorithm is proposed based on the positive sequence voltage and line fault current magnitudes of the AC grid. The MSDBR is mainly employed to suppress the fault current and evacuate excessive active power during the fault. In order to control the AC voltage sags and swells on the MSDBR's post-operation, a supplementary reactive current control is applied to the IC. Simulations have been performed by the MATLAB\Simulink software. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults are considered on the line connecting the load in the AC sub-grid. The time-domain simulation results show that the proposed strategy efficiently suppresses the fault current while providing positive sequence voltage recovery. Thus, the proposed strategy is effective for the HMG system.
Gender Bias Affects Assessment of Frailty and Recommendations for Surgery.

Background Physician gender bias in surgical treatment recommendations is recognized but not well understood. This study hypothesized that gender differences may exist in interpretation of patients’ physical behaviors and that these differences may be associated with decision making by providers and surrogate decision makers. Methods A pool of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers was solicited to participate in an online assessment. Workers viewed 3 short videos of standardized patients (SPs) trained to exhibit physical characteristics of vigorous, frail, and neither vigorous nor frail (average) behavior and then answered survey questions related to video characteristics and whether they would support the SP’s decision to undergo an indicated major lung resection. Results There were 724 participating workers; their mean age was 42.6 ± 11.8 years, and 386 were women. Men judged the average SP to be younger (P = .025), and women were more likely to recognize weight loss in the frail SP (P = .009). Overall, men and women were equally supportive of lung resection when indicated. The likelihood of supporting a decision to proceed with resection was inversely related to SP distress (P Conclusions Gender differences exist in how video portrayal of patient frailty is perceived and affects surgical recommendations. Understanding such differences may aid in educational efforts directed at reducing gender-based biases in treatment recommendations by physicians and surrogate decision makers.
Computationally efficient optimization of wavy surface roughness in cooling channels using simulated annealing

Abstract This article reports a computationally efficient optimization for wavy surface roughness in cooling channels based on simulated annealing. Our approach rapidly calculates the performance metrics of cooling channels using closed-form models and approximates an optimum design via a random optimization technique, simulated annealing. The proposed method optimizes the wall roughness of cooling channels for maximizing the heat transfer rate while satisfying the pressure drop constraint. The channel wall smoothly converges and diverges throughout to locally modulate the heat transfer rate and the pressure drop. For a given pressure constraint and heat load distribution, the optimizer is able to compare more than 10,000 possible channel designs within a minute and generate a distinct channel design that achieves the optimization objective. The channel temperature predicted by the optimizer differs up to 10.9% to the estimations by a finite volume model. Lastly, optimized wavy channel designs are introduced that exhibit up to 2.7 times greater performance factor than a conventional channel geometry. This work demonstrates the potential of algorithm-based optimization techniques for designing efficient thermodynamic systems.
A Critical Assessment of EPA’s Air Program at 50 and a Suggestion for How It Might Do Even Better

EPA's air program has made measurable progress in improving air quality. However, the methods of science-based legalistic bureaucracy with public participation and broad judicial review by generalist judges are often slow and may require 25-30 years to accomplish their goals. EPA possesses statutory authority to charge emission fees (Pigouvian charges). It is suggested that combining emission charges with existing command and control regulation might make progress more rapidly. An unremarked advantage of emissions charges, as opposed to giving away the right to pollute for free, is that charges create immediate incentives to reduce pollution.