cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meaning of Occupation-Based Groups for Low-Income Urban Youths Attending After-School Care

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the meaning of occupational therapy groups focusing on occupational engagement, group process, and social-emotional learning for a purposeful sample of low-income urban youths attending after-school care. Interviews and participant observation were used to study how the children made sense of their experience. Qualitative data analysis resulted in two thematic descriptions of the experience. First, the groups were fun because of engagement in novel and challenging leisure occupations within a supportive group context. Participation in creative activities that allowed choice transformed mood--children experienced happiness and wanted more of these experiences. Second, the participants valued being able to talk about feelings and learn strategies for dealing with anger. Findings provide a glimpse into the possibilities of enhancing occupational balance by engaging children in occupations they find to be fun.
Power and Wealth in Rural China: The Political Economy of Institutional Change

List of maps, figures, and tables Preface 1. Explaining institutional change 2. The Maoist legacy in rural industry 3. Incentive structures and local cadre behavior 4. Incentives, constraints, and the evolution of property rights 5. Statis and change in extractive institutions 6. Credit allocation and collective organizational structures 7. The political economy of institutional change Appendix Bibliography Index.
Desensitization to inhaled aztreonam lysine in an allergic patient with cystic fibrosis using a novel approach

ObjectiveTo report the successful desensitization of a highly allergic patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) to inhaled aztreonam lysine using the novel approach of intravenous desensitization followed...
Factors Controlling Runoff Nutrient Loss from Cultivated Land in Eastern South Dakota

A stepwise multiple regression was used to evaluate the relative importance of antecedent-, event-, and high-intensity-precipitation amounts; runoff volume; and precipitation nutrient contents and concentrations in determining nutrient losses in runoff. Plots were fertilized at high, medium, and low rates and had cultivation ridges oriented up-and-down slope or on the contour. Runoff volume was the important factor in determining the loss of NO3, soluble PO4, total PO4, and soluble K ions in runoff from fallow, corn, or soybean plots. NH4-N loss was controlled mainly by the precipitation content and antecedet precipitation since fertilizer had been applied. Nutrient losses were greater from plots fertilized at the high rate and from plots with cultivation ridges oriented up-and-down slope rather than on the contour.
Generalization patterns associated with training least phonological knowledge.

This study examined the relationship between productive phonological knowledge and generalization learning patterns in phonologically disordered children. Nine functionally misarticulating children...
Human Identification Using Automatic and Semi‐Automatically Detected Facial Marks

Continuing advancements in the field of digital cameras and surveillance imaging devices have led law enforcement and intelligence agencies to use analysis of images and videos for the investigation and prosecution of crime. When determining identity from photographic evidence, forensic analysts perform comparison of visible facial features manually, which is inefficient. In this study, we will address research efforts to use facial marks as biometric signatures to distinguish between individuals. We propose two systems to assist forensic analysts during photographic comparison: an improved multiscale facial mark system in which facial marks are detected automatically, and a semi-automatic facial mark system that integrates human knowledge within the improved multiscale facial mark system. Experiment results employ a high-resolution time-elapsed dataset acquired at the University of Notre Dame between 2009 and 2011. The results indicate that the geometric distributions of facial mark patterns can be used to distinguish between individuals.
Beyond Arabidopsis: The circadian clock in non-model plant species

Circadian clocks allow plants to temporally coordinate many aspects of their biology with the diurnal cycle derived from the rotation of Earth on its axis. Although there is a rich history of the study of clocks in many plant species, in recent years much progress in elucidating the architecture and function of the plant clock has emerged from studies of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. There is considerable interest in extending this knowledge of the circadian clock into diverse plant species in order to address its role in topics as varied as agricultural productivity and the responses of individual species and plant communities to global climate change and environmental degradation. The analysis of circadian clocks in the green lineage provides insight into evolutionary processes in plants and throughout the eukaryotes.
POLLINATOR LIMITATION OF CYTISUS SCOPARIUS (SCOTCH BROOM), AN INVASIVE EXOTIC SHRUB

Introductions of exotic species provide unique opportunities to study the demographic significance of species interactions, but as yet there is little information on how mutualistic interactions affect the invasion process. A shortage of mutualists could potentially limit the rate of population growth for an invading species. The introduced shrub Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom, Leguminosae) is a pest plant on the west coast of North America. It produces flowers that are “tripped” open when pollinated and has a nearly obligatory relationship with resident bumble bees and honey bees. Experiments in the state of Washington showed that <1% of untripped flowers produced fruits and that outcross-pollinated flowers yielded fourfold more fruit than self-pollinated flowers, revealing apparent inbreeding depression. Mean pollinator visitation rate, as determined by the proportion of flowers tripped, varied among three years and among four populations but was low (3–30%) in every case. Two urban populations (Magnus...
An approximate analytical formulation of the intrinsic base resistance in two planar dimensions

The author demonstrates the accuracy of an approximate analytical model for the current-dependent base resistance for a two-dimensional rectangular emitter with various boundary conditions. This model is based on the analytical formulation of the one-dimensional case, with the conductance parameters empirically modified to represent two-dimensional current flow. The results of this model are compared directly to a finite-element model and the error is shown to be small for a wide range of emitter aspect ratios. >
Epidemiology and control of equine strongylosis at Newmarket

Summary Seasonal rises in mean faecal egg output were observed in grazing ponies in spring (578 eggs per gram) and in summer (930 epg) on 30 April and 2 September, respectively, in untreated ponies. Pasture infectivity reached a peak of 18,486 third stage larvae (L3)/kg on 17 September, two weeks after peak egg counts, coincidental with abundant September rainfall (103.0 mm). Differentiation of infective larvae from pasture showed the cyathostomes (small strongyles) to be predominant, but Trichostrongylus axei assumed major importance from late August to October. The large strongyles were rarely detected: Strongylus vulgaris was found only once and S edentatus only twice. The most effective parasite prophylaxis was achieved by twice weekly removal of faeces. In this group, concentrations of infective L3 on pasture reached a maximum of 1000 L3/kg, compared to 18,486 L3/kg for a control group and 4850 to 10,210 L3/kg for anthelmintic treatment groups. The removal of faeces increased the grazing area by about 50 per cent, by eliminating the characteristic separation of horse pasture into roughs and lawns. Spring and summer anthelmintic treatments of mature ponies with oxibendazole were effective in reducing the late season rise in pasture infectivity to 4850 L3/kg, but treatment of young ponies (mainly yearlings) with ivermectin every eight weeks or oxibendazole every four weeks resulted in pasture infectivity as high as 10,000 L3/kg. There was evidence of cyathostome resistance to benzimidazole drugs.
Acquiring Commonsense Knowledge for a Cognitive Agent

A critical prerequisite for human-level cognitive systems is having a rich conceptual understanding of the world. We describe a system that learns conceptual knowledge by deep understanding of WordNet glosses. While WordNet is often criticized for having a too fine-grained approach to word senses, the set of glosses do generally capture useful knowledge about the world and encode a substantial knowledge base about everyday concepts. Unlike previous approaches that have built ontologies of atomic concepts from the provided WordNet hierarchies, we construct complex concepts compositionally using description logic and perform reasoning to derive the best classification of knowledge. We view this work as simultaneously accomplishing two goals: building a rich semantic lexicon useful for natural language processing, and building a knowledge base that encodes common-sense knowledge.
Mid-Atlantic Professional Development Center: Lengthening the Half-Life of Learning

How can executive education providers and purchasers best facilitate the transfer of program learning back to a participant’s workplace setting? All too often, busy schedules, dealing with one crisis after another, and superseding priorities hinder such a transfer. This case is best used in a course where issues of education program design and/or adult learning are topics of interest. Similarly, it can also be a valuable addition to a course focusng on creating a learning organization and/or talent development.
Examining the Role of Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation in Patients Undergoing Prostate Brachytherapy

PURPOSE: To assess the role of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation (NAAD) and transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) using a matched-pair analysis selected from a large cohort of patients undergoing TIPPB. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six hundred twelve consecutive patients with clinically confined prostate cancer were treated between June 1992, and January 1997, with permanent ultrasound-guided TIPPB with either palladium-103 or iodine-125 as monotherapy or combined with external radiation. Patients with prostate glands ≥ 60 g underwent treatment with NAAD before TIPPB to reduce the prostate volume (n = 163). The median duration of NAAD was 3.4 months before TIPPB (range, 1 to 8 months). To assess the benefit of NAAD, a matched-pair analysis was performed. The American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Group definition of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse-free survival (RFS) was used with the added caveat of an absolute increase of ≥ 1.0 ng/mL. Differences i...
The Good, the Bad, and the Volatile: Can We Have Both Healthy Pools and Healthy People?

Swimming is a healthful activity that comes with increased risk of exposure to pathogenic microorganisms and disinfection agents/byproducts.
Rat Sensitization Among Inner-City Asthmatic Children

Study objective: Inner-city asthma is a growing problem, and concerns remain about the role of exposure to multiple indoor allergens. Because of the increasing problems of rat infestation in New York and other cities, we sought to determine the frequency of sensitization to rat among inner-city children with asthma living in homes infested with cockroaches, and whether rat sensitization is associated with increased symptoms. Design/Setting/Participants: As part of the Columbia Intervention to Reduce Indoor Allergens Study, 37 Latino and African-American children age 5–18 years with asthma and determined to have positive skin tests to cockroach were evaluated for the presence of sensitization to rat by skin test and anti-rat-IgE levels. Clinical course was assessed by questionnaire. Results: We found that 43% had positive skin tests to rat, and 43% had an elevated anti-rat-IgE level. Anti-rat-IgE levels correlated with anti-cockroach-IgE levels (r =. 37, p =. 02) and mouse-IgE levels (r =. 72, p =. 001). O...
Rheumatologic Manifestations of Cancer

A variety of musculoskeletal syndromes have been described in association with malignancy. The majority of such descriptions have dealt with the connective tissue disorder as a paraneoplastic syndrome, frequently the presenting feature of an otherwise occult malignancy. This may range from the well known syndrome of HOA, heralding lung cancer, to a lesser known association of pyogenic arthritis due to an unusual enteric pathogen, signaling colon cancer. Conversely, the connective tissue disorder may precede the malignancy, and by virtue of its pathophysiology or its therapy, foster the subsequent development of cancer. Awareness of these associations may lead to earlier cancer detection, and hence, potentially more effective therapy.
Experimental Investigation on Impact of Ambient Wind Velocity on Ampacity of Overhead Transmission Lines and Temperature Rise

In order to verify impact of ambient wind velocity change on Ampacity of overhead transmission lines and temperature rise and simulate the impact of natural wind force,two steel-core aluminum strand cables,LGJ-240/40 and LGJ-630/55 are chosen for ampacity experiment under circumstances of natural convection,vertical wind and horizontal wind,as well as experiment on overhead line ampacity.The experiment shows that there is evident saturation effect in impact of wind velocity on temperature rise and ampacity of overhead lines;the greater the ampacity of overhead lines is,the clearer the impact of wind velocity on temperature rise becomes.
[Eating disorders in adolescents: clinical and epidemiological aspects].

OBJECTIVE To compare in female adolescents clinical and epidemiological aspects of eating disorders. METHODS Three hundred schoolgirls, university students and young girls with weight problems who did not score within the pathological range of the Eating attitudes test (EAT-40) (group S), one hundred and thirty eight schoolgirls, university students and young girls with weight problems who scored within the pathological range of the EAT-40 (group SC) and one hundred eating disordered patients (group THC) were given the Eating disorders inventory (EDI). RESULTS The EAT-26 emerged as an abbreviated and trustful instrument. The scores on the EAT-40 and EDI were lower in group S, intermedial in group SC and higher in group THC. The same statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed on Interoceptive awareness. Bulimia, Ineffectiveness and Maturity fears. Diet (EAT-40-Factor I) (90%) and EDI-Drive for thinness (87%) had the highest sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The EAT-26, EAT-40 and EDI were useful to confirm an eating disorder. On one hand, the profile of the eating disordered patients and the adolescents at risk was characterized by a high Drive for thinness and Body dissatisfaction and on the other, by a low Interoceptive awareness. Diet and Drive for thinness may be helpful for screening large non-clinical groups to predict an eating disorder. Finally, the importance of the nutrition assessment and primary prevention is emphasized.
The Use of The Artificial Sphincter in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in the Female Patient

Data analysis of my experience with the implantation of the artificial sphincter shows an overall success rate of 84 per cent. These results are in 139 females ranging from 5 to 84 years of age. The surgery is difficult primarily because the urethral-vaginal septum is not a surgical plane. Even partial injury to these tissues can lead to failure with erosion of the device into the urethra or vagina. The use of a new surgical instrument, the "cutter clamp" (see Fig. 8) is expected to improve results because of the precision it offers in dissecting around the bladder neck. Infection occurred in 4 of 139 patients, or 3 per cent. In one infected patient, the cuff eroded into the urethra. The infection rate may actually be higher because infection might account for some of the other erosions that occurred. Once erosion occurs, secondary infection can obscure the fact that the device was contaminated at the time of the original implantation. The use of a surgical isolation bubble system may lower both the incidence of infection and erosions in the future. The relief to the totally incontinent female by the artificial sphincter cannot be overestimated. The patients are very grateful, especially because most have undergone multiple treatment methods in an effort to cure their incontinence. The effectiveness of the device, barring infection or erosion, is evident by a success of 91 per cent of such patients being socially continent and 66 per cent being completely dry.
Mohs’ Micrographic Surgery for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

The incidence of NMSC is increasing at a phenomenal rate, with a current estimated annual incidence in the United States of more than 600,000 cases. It is vitally important for all surgeons to become familiar with all modalities, surgical as well as nonsurgical, that are used to treat these skin cancers. This article was designed to inform the reader about the surgical technique called MMS (Figs. 9 and 10), and to present the facts regarding its historical evolution, actual technique, indications, and limitations. MMS has been modified and refined over a period spanning 60 years. During this time, tens of thousands of tumors have been treated, and the literature supports the fact that MMS provides the highest possible cure rates for the treatment of NMSCs.
Performance evaluation of optimal photovoltaic-electrolyzer system with the purpose of maximum Hydrogen storage

Power electronics-based electrolyzer systems are prevalently in current use. This paper proposes the more recently employed directly coupled photovoltaic (PV) electrolyzer systems. Equipped with accurate electrical models of the advanced alkaline electrolyzer, PV system and Hydrogen storage tank simulated using MATLAB, the system's performance for a full week is analyzed using Miami, Florida's meteorological data. A multi-level Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization facilitates maximum hydrogen production, minimum excess power generation, and minimum energy transfer loss. The crucial effect of temperature on the overall system performance is also accounted for by optimizing this parameter using GA, maintaining operating conditions close to the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV array. The results of the analysis have been documented to show that the optimal system for a 10 kW electrolyzer can produce, on an average, Hydrogen of 0.0176 mol/s, when the system is operating with 6.3% power loss and 2.4% power transfer loss.
Bandwidth control in 5 μm pulse generation by dual-chirped optical parametric amplification

We extend the technique of difference-frequency mixing of broadband chirped near-infrared (IR) pulses to longer wavelengths, thereby generating high-energy, bandwidth-tunable laser pulses in the mid-IR spectral region. Numerical modeling has been performed to examine the influence of pump and seed chirp on the generated idler bandwidth and pulse duration. The amplifier is realized using zinc-germanium phosphide crystals pumped by a 2 μm ultrafast parametric source. Idler pulses at a center wavelength of 5 μm with adjustable bandwidth are produced by equally chirping the pump and seed pulses using material dispersion. Using this simple approach, efficient generation of narrowband, short, mid-IR laser pulses is achieved without the use of high-loss dispersive gratings or prism pairs.
Dimensionality and spreading influence MSC YAP/TAZ signaling in hydrogel environments

Improved fundamental understanding of how cells interpret microenvironmental signals is integral to designing better biomaterial therapies. YAP/TAZ are key mediators of mechanosensitive signaling; however, it is not clear how they are regulated by the complex interplay of microenvironmental factors (e.g., stiffness and degradability) and culture dimensionality. Using covalently crosslinked norbornene-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels with controlled stiffness (via crosslink density) and degradability (via susceptibility of crosslinks to proteolysis), we found that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) displayed increased spreading and YAP/TAZ nuclear localization when cultured atop stiffer hydrogels; however, the opposite trend was observed when MSCs were encapsulated within degradable hydrogels. When stiffness-matched hydrogels of reduced degradability were used, YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation was greater in cells that were able to spread, which was confirmed through pharmacological inhibition of YAP/TAZ and actin polymerization. Together, these data illustrate that YAP/TAZ signaling is responsive to hydrogel stiffness and degradability, but the outcome is dependent on the dimensionality of cell-biomaterial interactions.
Characterizing questions and their focus when pre-service teachers implement dynamic geometry tasks

Abstract When technology is used in classrooms new interactions among students, the teacher, and technology are enabled. The purpose of this study was to examine the ways pre-service mathematics teachers implemented technology-based tasks with individual advanced middle-school students. Pre-service teachers posed questions that focused students on features of technology and geometry in different classifiable ways. In particular, there were instances when teachers focused only on mathematics or technology. There were also instances when the teacher suggested students use the technology for the purpose of noticing mathematics and other times when the teacher would pose a mathematics question or statement with the assumption that students would use technology in response. Analysis of six pre-service teachers’ is provided along with a classification system.
(Public) Health and Human Rights: Of Bridges and Matrixes.

Responding to President Trump's anti-Muslim executive order restricting immigration, the American Public Health Association (APHA) issued a press release recommitting the organization to human righ...
Characterization of amorphous solid dispersions

The study of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is currently one of the most exciting areas in pharmaceutics. Research has shown that ASDs offer unique advantages in improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs over conventional delivery systems. The various formulations and manufacturing processes of ASDs affect their physicochemical stability, processability, and drug release characteristics. Therefore, the characterization of ASDs is critical in all stages of product development, including preformulation screening, formulation development, process scale-up, and commercial manufacturing. Proper characterization allows for the rational selection of formulation composition and manufacturing processing methods and allows for high-quality drug products. In this review, we present the most commonly used methods for characterizing the solid-state properties of ASDs, and we discuss their mechanisms, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. We also provide a brief overview of the methods used to characterize ASDs behavior in aqueous media. These methods are divided into three different categories: microscopic and surface analysis methods, thermal analysis methods, and spectroscopic methods. In addition, this article discusses a number of emerging techniques. Last, we discuss how these methods are applied at different stages in the ASDs product development life cycle.
Problems in Student Teaching

Currently, education schools across the nation are reforming teacher education programs in light of the newly developed common core standards, shifting accreditation principles, new measures of teacher performance, and the pressing concern that in-service teachers are woefully under-prepared for the realities of classrooms. During this time of wide spread programmatic reform, we present a list of considerations that are particularly germane to the clinical preparation of student teachers. Our list includes common practices that limit learning opportunities for student teachers and detract from the meaningfulness of assessing student teachers. We posit three approaches for education schools to consider as they engage in program revisions.
Some Effects of the Sixth Ligand on the Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Pentacoordinated Low-Spin Co(II) Complexes

Assignment of the ESR spectra was made for a low-spin pentacoordinated Co(II) complex, CoII(phenylisocyanide)5(C1O4)2, and its hydrated form, in which the sixth coordination site is occupied by a water molecule. It was shown that the occurrence in the frozen state of each form, anhydrous or hydrated, is determined by the solvent, i.e., by whether a hydrophobic or hydrophilic solvent is used. Based upon the assignment, the effect of attaching the sixth ligand on the ESR parameters was examined. It was pointed out that the effect is to shift one of the g components toward a higher value and the 59Co isotropic contact term toward a more negative value. This conclusion was corroborated by examining the ESR parameters of the tetrakis and hexakis (phenylisocyanide) complexes. A brief explanation was given in terms of vibronic mixing of \({{d}_{{{x}^{2}}-{{y}^{2}}}}\) into \({{d}_{{{z}^{2}}}}\).
Video assisted right mini-thoracotomy for aortic root replacement

Aortic valve replacement through minimally invasive access is increasing. These procedures have several advantages over conventional sternotomy including decreased intensive care unit and hospital length of stay and decreased ventilation time. The right anterior mini-thoracotomy (RAM) approach is potentially attractive in that it completely spares the sternum leading to improved cosmesis, reduced blood loss, and improved patient satisfaction. However, this approach is underutilized due to anticipated technical challenges including difficulty with visualization and annular suture placement. We employ a camera and automated suturing technology for supra-annular valve implant. A RAM is performed via a 5 cm incision in the right second intercostal space with a camera port placed lateral to the incision. Peripheral venous cannulation is performed along with central arterial cannulation. Aortic cross clamp is placed through a 5 mm incision in the third interspace anterior to mid axillary line. Histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegia is administered. After aortic leaflet removal, annular and prosthetic sutures are placed with shafted instruments or with automated suturing technology. Aortic valve replacement can be performed safely through a RAM. The use of a camera and automated suturing technology facilitates this procedure, potentially enabling more surgeons to offer this less invasive approach to patients.
Do partisanship and politicization undermine the impact of a scientific consensus message about climate change

Scientists are in near-universal agreement that human activity is a primary cause of climate change. Yet, despite this scientific consensus, the American public remains divided when it comes to bel...
Maybe it Is More Than a Joke: Satire, Mobilization, and Political Participation*

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between viewing late night political humor and political participation. Methods We used various measures of viewership of late night talk shows and political participation in the 2012 American National Election Studies (ANES) data set. Results We show that viewership of “Late Night with David Letterman,” a simple form of political comedy, seems to be unrelated to political participation. However, viewership of Comedy Central's “The Daily Show with Jon Stewart” and “The Colbert Report,” considered by most to be genuine political satire, is associated with higher levels of political participation. Conclusion The results suggest that advocates of political satire may be correct when they suggest that satire mobilizes viewers to political action.
Jim Crow North: The Struggle for Equal Rights in Antebellum New England: Archer, Richard New York: Oxford University Press 271 pp., $29.95, ISBN 978-019-067-6643 Publication Date: October 2017

Antebellum New England underwent a civil rights movement that foreshadowed the larger movement of the 1950s and 1960s. In Jim Crow North, Richard Archer, professor of history emeritus at Whittier C...
The Weight, Shape, and Fate of the Universe

In order to estimate the size, luminosity and mass of galaxies we need to know the Hubble constant and the density of the universe. In recent years, these numbers have been measured to better than 1% accuracy. This is a remarkable improvement on the situation 20 years ago when the Hubble constant was not known to better than a factor of 2.
Entering the Temple Town of Bhubaneswar

The chapter introduces readers to doing fieldwork in the temple town. The temple that is the heart of this neighborhood is dedicated to the Hindu god Siva, represented here as Lingaraj, the Lord of the Phallus. Thus, the chapter describes the temple, its history, the main features of its architecture, as well as the community that serves it. It also discusses the theoretical and epistemological implications of being a native/indigenous/postcolonial anthropologist, or a “halfie” of doing anthropological fieldwork in one’s own society. Finally, the chapter presents thumbnail sketches of five families whose womenfolk participated in the study as well as profiling a few key informants.
Managing household socio-hydrological risk in Mexico city: A game to communicate and validate computational modeling with stakeholders

Residents of Mexico City experience major hydrological risks, including flooding events and insufficient potable water access for many households. A participatory modeling project, MEGADAPT, examines hydrological risk as co-constructed by both biophysical and social factors and aims to explore alternative scenarios of governance. Within the model, neighborhoods are represented as agents that take actions to reduce their sensitivity to exposure and risk. These risk management actions (to protect their households against flooding and scarcity) are based upon insights derived from focus group discussions within various neighborhoods. We developed a role-playing game based on the model's rules in order to validate the assumptions we made about residents' decision-making given that we had translated qualitative information from focus group sessions into a quantitative model algorithm. This enables us to qualitatively validate the perspective and experience of residents in an agent-based model mid-way through the modeling process. Within the context of described hydrological events and the causes of these events, residents took on the role of themselves in the game and were asked to make decisions about how to protect their households against scarcity and flooding. After the game, we facilitated a discussion with residents about whether or not the game was realistic and how it could be improved. The game helped to validate our assumptions, validate the model with community members, and reinforced our connection with the community. We then discuss the potential further development of the game as a learning and communication tool.
Assessment of sexually transmitted disease/HIV risk among young African Americans: comparison of self-perceived and epidemiological risks utilizing ecodevelopmental theory.

Background Recent advances in understanding the developmental processes associated with adolescents warrant new thinking and systematic application of key concepts of risk and protective processes. This study examined the association between epidemiological and self-perceived risks of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/HIV among young African Americans (AAs) and the multilevel factors identified using ecodevelopmental theory. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on wave 1 data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health comprising 1,619 AA youth aged 14-18 years. Epidemiological and self-perceived HIV-risk indices were developed and their associations with ecodevelopmental system parameters evaluated. Results Significant discordance (P<0.0001) in the youths' self-perceived risk and epidemiological risk (the "gold standard") was recorded with Cohen's k-coefficient of 0.144 (95% CI 0.104-0.193). Adolescents who felt like talking to their mother had no trouble getting along with schoolteachers, perceived that teachers treated student fairly, experienced mother's disapproval of their sexual debut, and had close friends who knew how to use condoms correctly, were positively related to low epidemiological risk of contracting STDs/HIV. Being older, male, and a mother's positive attitude toward their adolescent's use of birth control (in exosystem) were associated with high epidemiological risk of contracting STDs/HIV. Furthermore, poor connection with the mother (did not feel like talking to mother) and growing older were related to low accuracy of self-risk perception among AA youths. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the strong need to align self-perceived risk with epidemiological risk of acquiring STDs/HIV using the key multilevel ecodevelopmental system factors identified. This will require changes in relevant social attitudes and norms associated with risk measurement, and allow for a rational basis for safe health practices and behaviors among AA youths.
Symmetrically disubstituted ferrocenes

Abstract Solutions of n-butyllithium and N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) readily dilithiate ferrocene in high yields. The 1,1′-dilithioferrocene can be used in situ , or when isolated as the pyrophoric adduct [(C 5 H 4 Li) 2 Fe]·TMEDA, to prepare the following complexes in high yields: ferrocene-1,1′-bis(dimethylarsine) (Fdma), ferrocene-1,1′-bis(diphenylarsine) (Fdpa), ferrocene-1,1′-bis(dimethylphosphine) (Fdmp), ferrocene-1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphine) (Fdpp). Elemental sulfur reacts with solutions of dilithioferrocene in refluxing glyme to give 1,2,3-trithia-[3]ferrocenophane. This can be converted quantitatively to ferrocene-1,1′-dithiol(Fdt) by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride.
Needs and Norms: Testing the Effects of Negative Interpersonal Interactions, the Need to Belong, and Perceived Norms on Alcohol Consumption.

Objective:The current study examined whether individual differences in the need to belong and perceived drinking norms (both injunctive and descriptive) moderate the effects of daily negative inter...
An Automated Framework for Explaining Facts Extracted From Mobility Datasets

When a data scientist analyzes mobility data (e.g., using a data visualization tool), she may find out some interesting facts in the dataset. An example of a fact can be: "The number of Taxi trips in NYC on January 23, 2016, dropped drastically as compared to other days of the same month". However, the data scientist may be left clueless if they cannot find a crisp explanation to such a fact. Furthermore, the tedious task of finding an explanation by manually scraping the data becomes even impossible with big data. Existing techniques are designed for non-spatial data which cannot be applied to spatial data because it does not consider the spatial proximity. In this paper, we propose an automatic framework which guides the data scientist to explain the fact discovered from mobility data. Our approach expands on the aggravation and intervention techniques while using spatial partitioning/clustering to improve explanations for spatial data. Experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in finding the explanation for facts extracted from NYC taxi real mobility dataset.
Extraglandular abnormalities in Sjögren's syndrome

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is now considered to be the second most common autoimmune rheumatic disease, and it causes a wide variety of problems that extend far beyond simple dryness. These manifestations range from mild infections of the mucosal surfaces to life-threatening problems including renal failure, profound hypoxia, and hypokalemic paralysis. Interestingly, the hallmark sicca symptoms of SS may be missing in as many as 20% of patients at the time of clinical presentation (Vivino, 2017). An even greater percentage may develop extraglandular manifestations years before the onset of significant dryness. Familiarity with these features is key to make a timely diagnosis and prevent further morbidity and mortality.
Can Malnutrition be Prevented? Nutrition and Dialysis Adequacy:

As chronic renal failure (CRF) worsens, the nutritional balance is disrupt ed at several different levels that are normally responsible for maintaining metabolic homeostasis (1–3). These abnormalit...
Life sciences through mathematical models

This article discusses some of the basic principles of mathematical modeling in life sciences, and in particular the special features that make the modeling task fundamentally different from the traditional reductive modeling. The intricacies of the modeling in living systems are elucidated by simple and tractable examples that underline the problems of parametric models and the issue of non-scalability of the models.
A ROS-based Framework for Monitoring Human and Robot Conditions in a Human-Multi-robot Team.

This paper presents a framework for monitoring human and robot conditions in human multi-robot interactions. The proposed framework consists of four modules: 1) human and robot conditions monitoring interface, 2) synchronization time filter, 3) data feature extraction interface, and 4) condition monitoring interface. The framework is based on Robot Operating System (ROS), and it supports physiological and behavioral sensors and devices and robot systems, as well as custom programs. Furthermore, it allows synchronizing the monitoring conditions and sharing them simultaneously. In order to validate the proposed framework, we present experiment results and analysis obtained from the user study where 30 human subjects participated and simulated robot experiments.
Summary and evidence grading of over-the-counter scar treatments.

Background Many products claiming to improve scar appearance are readily available on the Internet. Data behind these claims are often difficult to find or summarize. Patients often ask their surgeon for advice for scarring postdermatologic surgery. Objective We aim to review the evidence behind several advertised products and techniques that claim to improve postsurgical scarring. Methods A PubMed search was performed using products and methods claiming to improve scar appearance along with the terms "scar" and "scarring". Results Published literature on scar massage, taping of scars, silicone gel and sheeting, onion-based extract products, and vitamin E was reviewed. Silicone gel/sheeting as well as taping have the most evidence to help improve scarring, but even then the evidence is conflicting and weak. Conclusion Online advertising may tempt patients to buy and trial products to help minimize scarring, although the evidence for the effectiveness of these products is absent to minimal. Dermatologists must be aware of these products to maintain effective patient counseling.
An Õ(n 5/4 ) Time ε-Approximation Algorithm for RMS Matching in a Plane.

The 2-Wasserstein distance (or RMS distance) is a useful measure of similarity between probability distributions that has exciting applications in machine learning. For discrete distributions, the problem of computing this distance can be expressed in terms of finding a minimum-cost perfect matching on a complete bipartite graph given by two multisets of points $A,B \subset \mathbb{R}^2$, with $|A|=|B|=n$, where the ground distance between any two points is the squared Euclidean distance between them. Although there is a near-linear time relative $\varepsilon$-approximation algorithm for the case where the ground distance is Euclidean (Sharathkumar and Agarwal, JACM 2020), all existing relative $\varepsilon$-approximation algorithms for the RMS distance take $\Omega(n^{3/2})$ time. This is primarily because, unlike Euclidean distance, squared Euclidean distance is not a metric. In this paper, for the RMS distance, we present a new $\varepsilon$-approximation algorithm that runs in $O(n^{5/4}\mathrm{poly}\{\log n,1/\varepsilon\})$ time. Our algorithm is inspired by a recent approach for finding a minimum-cost perfect matching in bipartite planar graphs (Asathulla et al., TALG 2020). Their algorithm depends heavily on the existence of sub-linear sized vertex separators as well as shortest path data structures that require planarity. Surprisingly, we are able to design a similar algorithm for a complete geometric graph that is far from planar and does not have any vertex separators. Central components of our algorithm include a quadtree-based distance that approximates the squared Euclidean distance and a data structure that supports both Hungarian search and augmentation in sub-linear time.
Racial Disparities in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Racial disparities in surgery are increasingly recognized. We evaluated the impact of race on presentation, preoperative evaluation, and surgical outcomes for patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for PHPT at a single center (1997–2015). Patients were classified by self-identified race, as African-American or White. The primary outcome was disease severity at referral. The secondary outcome was completeness of preoperative evaluation. Operative success and surgical cure were evaluated. A total of 2392 patients were included. The majority of patients (87.6%) were White. African-American patients had higher rates of comorbid disease as well as higher preoperative calcium (10.9 vs.10.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and PTH levels (122 vs. 97 pg/ml, p < 0.001). White patients were more likely to have history of bone loss documented by DXA and nephrolithiasis. African-American patients had lower rates of complete preoperative evaluation including DXA scan. Operatively, African-American patients had larger glands by size (1.7 vs. 1.5 cm, p < 0.001) and mass (573 vs. 364 mg, p < 0.001). We observed similar operative success (98.9 vs. 98.0%, p = 0.355) and cure rates (98.3 vs. 97.0%, p = 0.756). At the time of surgical referral, African-American patients with PHPT have more biochemically severe disease and higher rates of incomplete evaluation. Operative success and cure rates are comparable.
Nectar bacteria stimulate pollen germination and bursting to enhance their fitness

For many flower visitors, pollen is the primary source of non-carbon nutrition, but pollen has physical defenses that make it difficult for consumers to access nutrients. Nectar-dwelling microbes are nearly ubiquitous among flowers and can reach high densities, despite the fact that floral nectar is nitrogen limited, containing only very low concentrations of non-carbon nutrients. Pollen contains trace micronutrients and high protein content but is protected by a recalcitrant outer shell. Here, we report that a common genus of nectar-dwelling bacteria, Acinetobacter, exploits pollen nutrition by inducing pollen germination and bursting. We use time course germination assays to quantify the effect of Acinetobacter species on pollen germination and pollen bursting. Inoculation with Acinetobacter species resulted in increased germination rates within 15 minutes, and bursting by 45 minutes, as compared to uninoculated pollen. The pollen germination and bursting phenotype is density-dependent, with lower concentrations of A. pollinis SCC477 resulting in a longer lag time before the spike in germination, which is then closely followed by a spike in bursting. Lastly, A. pollinis grows to nearly twice the density with germinable pollen vs ungerminable pollen, indicating that their ability to induce and exploit germination plays an important role in rapid growth. To our knowledge, this is the first direct test of non-plant biological induction of pollen germination, as well as the first evidence of induced germination as a method of nutrient procurement, as the microbes appear to hijack the pollens normally tightly controlled germination mechanisms for their benefit. Our results suggest that further study of microbe-pollen interactions may inform many aspects of pollination ecology, including microbial ecology in flowers, the mechanisms of pollinator nutrient acquisition from pollen, and cues of pollen germination for plant reproduction.
Association Between Medicaid Status, Social Determinants of Health, and Bariatric Surgery Outcomes

Objective To compare outcomes after bariatric surgery between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients and assess whether differences in social determinants of health were associated with postoperative weight loss. Background The literature remains mixed on weight loss outcomes and healthcare utilization for Medicaid patients after bariatric surgery. It is unclear if social determinants of health geocoded at the neighborhood level are associated with outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) from 2008 to 2017 and had ≥1 year of follow-up within a large health system were included. Baseline characteristics, 90-day and 1-year outcomes, and weight loss were compared between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients. Area deprivation index (ADI), urbanicity, and walkability were analyzed at the neighborhood level. Median regression with percent total body weight (TBW) loss as the outcome was used to assess predictors of weight loss after surgery. Results Six hundred forty-seven patients met study criteria (191 Medicaid and 456 non-Medicaid). Medicaid patients had a higher 90-day readmission rate compared to non-Medicaid patients (19.9% vs 12.3%, P < 0.016). Weight loss was similar between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients (23.1% vs 21.9% TBW loss, respectively; P = 0.266) at a median follow-up of 3.1 years. In adjusted analyses, Medicaid status, ADI, urbanicity, and walkability were not associated with weight loss outcomes. Conclusions Medicaid status and social determinants of health at the neighborhood level were not associated with weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. These findings suggest that if Medicaid patients are appropriately selected for bariatric surgery, they can achieve equivalent outcomes as non-Medicaid patients.
Emerging Personality Structures in Transitional-Age Youth

The emerging personality structure of transitional age youth may impact their function across multiple domains, as well as influence their experience of mental health treatment. In this chapter, we describe a strengths-based approach to formulating and then treating emerging vulnerabilities in the personalities of young adults and then illustrate the approach using a case example.
Data-driven identification of subtypes of intimate partner violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex problem with multiple layers of heterogeneity. We took a data-driven approach to characterize this heterogeneity. We integrated data from different studies, representing 640 individuals from various backgrounds. We used hierarchical clustering to systematically group cases in terms of their similarities according to violence variables. Results suggested that the cases can be clustered into 12 hierarchically organized subgroups, with verbal abuse and negotiation being the main discriminatory factors at higher levels. The presence of physical assault, injury, and sexual coercion was discriminative at lower levels of the hierarchy. Subgroups also exhibited significant differences in terms of relationship dynamics and individual factors. This study represents an attempt toward using integrative data analysis to understand the etiology of violence. These results can be useful in informing treatment efforts. The integrative data analysis framework we develop can also be applied to various other problems.