cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some effects of cortisone on vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs.

INTRODUCTION Arelationship between vitamin C and functioning of the adrenal cortex has been recognized but some phases of the nature of the interaction are still in question. Reports of this relationship have been given by Lockwood and Hartman (1933), Lockwood et al (1936), Kuchel and Mitchell (1936), Lauber and Rosenfeld (1938), Broch (1939), Giroud and Martinet (1940), Hartman (1941), Prina (1946), Tuba, Hunter and Osborne (1946), Dean and Morse (1948), Vogt (1948), and Stepto, Pirani, and Consolazio (1950). To study a phase of this relationship, guinea pigs were fed a diet deficient in vitamin C, some of which received cortisone and the others did not. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 20 male guinea pigs, each weighing approximately 280 grams, were used. All animals were given the same basal diet: hulled oats, 75 lbs.; soy bean meal, 25 lbs.; Lederle fortified supplement,
Palliative chemotherapy: When is it worth it and when is it not?

One of the most difficult questions oncologists are asked is: "Is the chemotherapy worth it, doctor?" This simple question may entail issues of benefits, risks, existential and religious concern, and financial resources. There is no one right answer, but there is a good way to approach the question. Be direct, and ask the patient what he/she wants to know, what he/she knows about the situation, and what the question means to him/her. In almost all settings, honesty with caring is the best approach, and giving bad news does not make patients depressed or give up hope. For most patients, a switch to palliative care that does not include chemotherapy should happen when the performance status is 3 or greater, defined as more than 50% of time in a bed or chair (not bed alone). In our practice, if the patient has difficulty walking to the clinic, it is time to make the transition. We illustrate some ways that this transition can occur and the benefits of a timely switch to palliative care.
Communication and Neighborhood Mobilization

In a communication model of neighborhood mobilization, communication variables are seen as mediating between measures of neighborhood mobilization and indicators of social status, perceptual frames and neighborhood commitment. Using data from a survey of three inner city neighborhoods, four path models are constructed, one for each dependent variable. Attention to neighborhood newspapers predicts to awareness of local groups and their activities but not to actual participation, which is more closely linked to interpersonal communication. The exogenous variables predict to communication but some direct paths also persist. Education is directly connected to the two awareness measures, income is related to the estimation of turnout for self-help projects, and fear of gentrification predicts to group participation.
Influence of residual blood flow in the infarct-related artery on ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction.

Abstract Ventricular tachycardia (VT) late after myocardial infarction is generally attributed to reentry due to slowed conduction and heterogeneous refractoriness in surviving myocytes bordering and traversing the infarcted area.1 Thrombolytic trials and angiographic studies indicate that a patent infarct-related artery (IRA) is associated with lower sudden death mortality and that this benefit may be independent of measurable preservation of global left ventricular function.2–5 Similarly, the presence of coronary collateral circulation to nonreperfused IRAs is associated with a reduction in infarct size, and a decrease in early ventricular arrhythmias.6–8 Predictors of VT development after myocardial infarction including inducible arrhythmias at programmed electrical stimulation, 9–11 development of a left ventricular aneurysm and late potentials detected by signal-averaged electrocardiography12,13 are also favorably influenced by IRA perfusion. To determine if absence of residual IRA flow distinguishes post-myocardial infarction patients with VT, we reviewed coronary angiograms of 14 patients with recurrent VT late after myocardial infarction and 14 matched control patients.
If at first you don't succeed: characterization of smokers with late smoking abstinence onset.

Introduction Most cigarette smoking cessation research has aimed to clarify characteristics associated with initial and sustained abstinence, with less attention paid to predictors of gaining abstinence following an initial failure. Methods The current investigation explored pre-treatment demographic, smoking, and psychiatric characteristics related to gaining abstinence among smokers who failed to attain initial abstinence. Participants were 809 individuals enrolled in extended, 52-week, smoking cessation interventions. Of these, 287 (62.4%) failed to achieve initial abstinence. Gaining abstinence following initial abstinence failure was defined as achieving seven-day point prevalent abstinence at any post-initial abstinence assessment. Results Those who gained abstinence (Gainers) were more likely to have a live-in partner (χ2(1, N = 283) = 3.8, p = .05, Cramer's V = .12), identify as Hispanic (χ2(1, N = 281) = 7.8, p < .01, Cramer's V = .17), evidence lower baseline expired breath carbon monoxide (F(1, 284) = 5.7, p = .02, η2 = .02), report less cigarette dependence (F(1, 278) = 7.1, p < .01, η2 = .03), and report past week cannabis use (χ2(1, N = 284) = 5.6, p = .02, Cramer's V = .14). A logistic regression model suggested that having a live-in partner (OR = 5.14, 95% CI = 1.09–3.02, p = .02) and identifying as Hispanic (OR = 4.93, 95% CI = 1.20–18.77, p = .03) increased the odds of gaining abstinence. Discussion Having a live-in partner, Hispanic status, greater cigarette dependence, and recent cannabis use were associated with gaining abstinence. These findings provide insight into an understudied area, contributing an initial framework toward understanding gaining abstinence following initial failure.
Analysis of a decision-directed receiver with unknown priors

A decision-directed receiver (DDR) uses previous outputs (decisions) to estimate unknown parameters and, on the basis of these estimates, modifies the detector structure for subsequent decisions. Although the DDR is less complex to instrument than other adaptive schemes, inherent in the decision-directed approach is the possibility of a runaway. This occurs when the detector commits a sequence of decision errors resulting in a degradation of parameter estimates, which, in turn, results in a further deterioration of detector performance. Because of the dependencies introduced by the learning process, runaway is difficult to analyze. In this paper, a DDR with unknown a priori probabilities is considered. The priors are estimated by the relative frequency of decisions of that event. For binary detection, it is shown that there is a positive probability of a runaway (the estimates converge to 1 or 0), which equals 1 if the signal-to-noise ratio is below a critical value. A tight bound on the probability of a runaway is obtained by approximating the learning process by a random walk with independent increments. The analysis demonstrates that a runaway is quite improbable even for moderate signal-to-noise ratios. The analysis is extended to multiple signals and to the situation where the estimates of the priors are updated continuously through exponential weighting rather than allowed to converge.
Properties, detectability and origin of interstellar diamonds in meteorites

Laboratory studies suggest that microdiamonds will be quite elusive in interstellar space, being detectable only if more than 10 per cent of the carbon is present as diamond. The diamonds apparently formed by condensation in cool stellar atmospheres, and were then impregnated with isotopically anomalous noble gases, such as Xe, from a supernova.
Exact Inference for a Population Proportion Based on a Ranked Set Sample

This article develops and investigates a confidence interval and hypothesis testing procedure for a population proportion based on a ranked set sample (RSS). The inference is exact, in the sense that it is based on the exact distribution of the total number of successes observed in the RSS. Furthermore, this distribution can be readily computed with the well-known and freely available R statistical software package. A data example that illustrates the methodology is presented. In addition, the properties of the inference procedures are compared with their simple random sample (SRS) counterparts. In regards to expected lengths of confidence intervals and the power of tests, the RSS inference procedures are superior to the SRS methods.
Asymptotic formula for the flexible bar

Abstract The postbuckling of an elastica bar is studied through an eigenvalue perturbation about the bifurcation point. The 4-term series is found to be highly accurate, valid up to the complete collapse of the bar. The result is particularly useful for analyzing systems containing flexible pinned–pinned elements. Two examples using such elastica links are illustrated. The present method is much more simpler than using elliptic functions or direct numerical integration.
Mycotoxin production by molds isolated from 'Greek-style' black olives.

Seventeen mold strains were isolated from ‘Greek-style’ black olives produced in Morocco. Eight of these isolates were identified as Aspergillus flavus, seven as Aspergillus petrakii, and two as Aspergillus ocharaceus Wilhelm. The A. flavus strains were tested for production of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2; and A. ochraceus and A. petrakii strains were tested for production of ochratoxin, penicillic acid, patulin, and citrinin. The organisms were tested for mycotoxin production on five different substrates, including rice powder-corn steep agar, autoclaved rice, yeast-extract sucrose broth (YES), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and fresh olive paste. All strains of A. flavus produced aflatoxins on all substrates except olive paste and PDA. In PDA, only two strains produced Aflatoxin B1. Five A. ochraceus group isolates produced penicillic acid on one or more of the substrates, but only two out of the five produced penicillic acid on olive paste. None produced ochratoxin, patulin or citrinin. Quantities of aflatoxin B1 produced in rice ranged from 5 to 14 μg/g of rice, and of penicillic acid 15–32 μg/g of rice. In olive paste, the concentrations of penicillic acid were 11.4 and 30.2 μg/g. Biological toxicity of extracts of mold cultures was confirmed using chicken embryos and a microbiological test. Crude extracts of cultures were also tested for mutagenicity using the Salmonella mutagenicity (Ames) Test, and some gave positive mutagenic responses.
On Becoming a Witch: Learning in a Marginalized Community of Practice:

Much learning in adulthood is informal, social in nature, and firmly embedded in the life context of the learner. It takes place in social groups engaged in a common practice. One model for conside...
Recombinational repair of gaps in DNA is asymmetric in Ustilago maydis and can be explained by a migrating D-loop model

Abstract Recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA gaps was investigated in Ustilago maydis. The experimental system was designed for analysis of repair of an autonomously replicating plasmid containing a cloned gene disabled by an internal deletion. It was discovered that crossing over rarely accompanied gap repair. The strong bias against crossing over was observed in three different genes regardless of gap size. These results indicate that gap repair in U. maydis is unlikely to proceed by the mechanism envisioned in the double-stranded break repair model of recombination, which was developed to account for recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experiments aimed at exploring processing of DNA ends were performed to gain understanding of the mechanism responsible for the observed bias. A heterologous insert placed within a gap in the coding sequence of two different marker genes strongly inhibited repair if the DNA was cleaved at the promoter-proximal junction joining the insert and coding sequence but had little effect on repair if the DNA was cleaved at the promoter-distal junction. Gene conversion of plasmid restriction fragment length polymorphism markers engineered in sequences flanking both sides of a gap accompanied repair but was directionally biased. These results are interpreted to mean that the DNA ends flanking a gap are subject to different types of processing. A model featuring a single migrating D-loop is proposed to explain the bias in gap repair outcome based on the observed asymmetry in processing the DNA ends.
Changing coupling "constants" and violation of the equivalence principle.

It is shown that a cosmological evolution of coupling ''constants'' due to a change in some dilaton field (such as the size of the extra dimensions in Kaluza-Klein theories or superstring theories), if observably large, would imply a long-range force of gravitational strength that would violate the equivalence principle. Our analysis is in the context of superstring theories but should be more general. We also clarify various obscurities and correct mistakes in the recent literature.
Foreign Bodies in Root Canals: Report of Two Cases

Two endodontic cases involved the presence of foreign bodies in root canals. One patient had been instructed by his dentist to use a needle to clear any food debris blocking the open root canal of a maxillary lateral incisor. The patient broke a portion of the needle in the canal; his dentist filled the access opening of the canal after being unable to remove the needle fragment. Another patient used probes in her maxillary central incisor to keep the canal patent while it was left open for drainage. The items recovered from the canal and periapical region were a straight pin, pieces of toothpicks, toothbrush bristles, pieces of crayons, and other objects. In both cases symptoms disappeared and the periapical lesions healed after the root canals were debrided, treated, and filled.
Phenylalanine binding is linked to dimerization of the regulatory domain of phenylalanine hydroxylase

Analytical ultracentrifugation has been used to analyze the oligomeric structure of the isolated regulatory domain of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The protein exhibits a monomer-dimer equilibrium with a dissociation constant of ~46 μM; this value is unaffected by the removal of the 24 N-terminal residues or by phosphorylation of Ser16. In contrast, phenylalanine binding (Kd = 8 μM) stabilizes the dimer. These results suggest that dimerization of the regulatory domain of phenylalanine hydroxylase is linked to allosteric activation of the enzyme.
Finite nuclear size and radiative corrections in the construction and assessment of Kurie plots for allowed beta-decay

Abstract If only a small fraction of a beta-spectrum is available for Kurie plot analysis because of the existence of strong branches of lower energy, it may become important to take into account finite nuclear size and radiative effects in the construction and assessment of the Kurie plot. Failure to do this may result in errors of many percent in the extraction of the intensity of the high energy beta-branch. These effects are analyzed and numerical estimates are made of the possible errors.
A model for the spectroscopic variations of the peculiar symbiotic star MWC 560

In this note, we show that the ultraviolet and optical spectroscopic variability of this unique symbiotic star can be understood in terms of a time variable collimated stellar wind with a rapid acceleration near the source. Using the radial velocities observed during the ultraviolet bright phase, we find that a variation in the mass loss rate of a factor of ten can explain the ultraviolet spectral changes. The acceleration is far faster than normally observed in radiatively driven stellar winds and may be due to mechanical driving of the outflow from the disk.
Comparison of shell model results for some properties of even-even Ge isotopes

We examine two recent effective shell model interactions, JUN45 and JJ4B, that have been proposed for use in the ${f}_{5/2},{p}_{3/2},{p}_{1/2},{g}_{9/2}$ model space for both protons and neutrons. We calculate a number of quantities that did not enter into the fits undertaken to fix the parameters of both interactions. In particular we consider the static quadrupole moments ($Q$'s) of excited states of the even-even $^{70\ensuremath{-}76}\mathrm{Ge}$ isotopes, as well as the $B(E2)$ values in these nuclei. (We previously studied $^{70}\mathrm{Zn}$ isotopes using JJ4B.) Some striking disagreements between the JUN45 predictions and the experimental results had already been noted for the quadrupole moments of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ states, $Q({2}_{1}^{+}$)'s, of these nuclei. We investigate whether these discrepancies also occur for the JJ4B interaction. Subsequently, we also apply both interactions to calculate the $Q$'s of some more highly excited states and compare the two sets of predictions regarding the nature of the nuclear states under consideration. We seek to understand the measured signs of the $Q({2}_{1}^{+}$)'s in the isotopic Ge chain by looking at a simple single-$J$shell model and also at the collective vibrational and rotational pictures.
The Role of Student–Teacher Ratio in Parents’ Perceptions of Schools’ Engagement Efforts

ABSTRACT Research suggests a positive relationship between schools’ efforts to engage parents and parents’ involvement in their child's education. The authors investigated school socioeconomic status, school size, grade level, and student–teacher ratio as predictors of schools’ efforts to engage parents of students receiving special education services. The dependent variable was the Schools’ Efforts to Partner with Parents’ Scale, which has been validated for states’ use in their federal accountability systems. Mean school-level scores were calculated for 265 schools in a large southeastern state. Results indicated that student–teacher ratio was the strongest predictor of parents’ perceived school engagement efforts. Implications are drawn for ways in which all schools, including those with high student–teacher ratios, can improve their collaboration with parents of students receiving special education services.
Pinch-grafted skin used to replace missing tendons.

Abstract 1. 1. This case is presented to show that grafted skin may be used in situ to replace missing tendons. 2. 2. It is not possible to estimate upon original examination the depth of necrosis in friction injuries. 3. 3. There has been no evidence of dermal complications seven years following the use of pinch-grafted skin denuded of epidermis to replace tendons.
Generalized counting constraint satisfaction problems with determinantal circuits

Abstract Generalized counting constraint satisfaction problems include Holant problems with planarity restrictions; polynomial-time algorithms for such problems include matchgates and matchcircuits, which are based on Pfaffians. In particular, they use gates which are expressible in terms of a vector of sub-Pfaffians of a skew-symmetric matrix. We introduce a new type of circuit based instead on determinants, with seemingly different expressive power. In these determinantal circuits, a gate is represented by the vector of all minors of an arbitrary matrix. Determinantal circuits permit a different class of gates. Applications of these circuits include proofs of theorems from algebraic graph theory including the Chung–Langlands formula for the number of rooted spanning forests of a graph and computing Tutte polynomials of certain matroids. They also give a strategy for simulating quantum circuits with closed timelike curves. Monoidal category theory provides a useful language for discussing such counting problems, turning combinatorial restrictions into categorical properties. We introduce the counting problem in monoidal categories and count-preserving functors as a way to study FP subclasses of problems in settings which are generally # P -hard. Using this machinery we show that, surprisingly, determinantal circuits can be simulated by Pfaffian circuits at quadratic cost.
SKILLS AND CHANGING COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

Using U.S. input-output data for the period 1947–1996 and Dictionary of Occupational Titles skill scores, I find that U.S. exports have a high content in cognitive and interactive skills relative t...
Is 1146+111B, C a lensed quasar or a quasar pair

It has been speculated1,2 that the quasar pair 1146+B, C are two bright images of a single quasar produced by a gravitational lens. Here I report additional observations of these objects, made with an ultraviolet-sensitive spectrograph on the Multiple Mirror Telescope, which span the wavelength range 3,200–7,000 A, and include the strong C III] line, as well as several Fe II bands not covered in earlier spectra. The ultraviolet spectra of the two quasars are different. There are also different velocity shifts between the quasars as measured by the C III] and Mg II lines. Although it is impossible to rule out the lensing hypothesis, these observations increase the probability that these objects are just two quasars at nearly the same redshift.
Sex Differences in Intimate Partner Violence and the Use of Coercive Control as a Motivational Factor for Intimate Partner Violence

Research argues that coercive control (CC) is a special case of intimate partner violence (IPV). The present study hypothesized that instead CC is the motivator for other types of IPV, with control of the victim as the goal. When CC fails, physical types of IPV are used. This hypothesized relationship was tested using a large matched sample of 762 divorcing couples participating in divorce mediation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data with CC predicting two latent common factors of the overall level of victimization separately for men and women. Significant causal relationships between CC and the latent construct of victimization for both members of the couples were found. In addition, CC, psychological abuse, sexual assault/intimidation/coercion, threats of and severe physical violence were disproportionately reported as perpetrated by men against women whereas reports of physical abuse (e.g., pushing, shoving, scratching) were not.
Postembedding ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of neural antigens on tissues previously processed for routine light and electron microscopy: Preservation of antigenicity up to 22 years after initial fixation

A postembedding immunocytochemical technique is described that allows ultrastructural localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase on tissues originally processed only for routine light and electron microscopy. Use of the oxidizing agent sodium metaperiodate prior to incubation with the primary antiserum sufficiently removes osmium tetroxide (OsO4) from potential antigen—antibody combining sites to allow specific localization of these neural antigens by colloidal gold immunolabelling. Both human and monkey neural tissues, prepared for routine ultrastructural examination with aldehyde fixatives and OsO4 postfixation, show excellent ultrastructural morphology and antigen localization. In addition, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pathological human brain tissues, obtained at autopsy up to 22 years previously, show good ultrastructural immunolocalization of glial fibrillary acidic protein when re-embedded for electron microscopy. Thus, ultrastructural immunolocalization of certain neural antigens is easily achieved in tissues originally processed for routine light and electron microscopy. This allows re-examination of archival tissues using current immunocy-tochemical advances, including that of selected pathological tissues previously prepared solely for light microscopy.
Autocracy and the Factory Order In Early Russian Industrialization

The Tsarist government played an important and fateful role in the development of the relationship between workers and employers in the early stages of Russian industrialization. Although the general character of this role is well known to historians, further study and reexamination of Tsarist labor policy, in the light of the contemporary concern with economic development, is invited by the Soviet publication in recent years of documentary evidence on nineteenth century labor problems. An attempt will be made in this article to integrate some of the new evidence with data from earlier sources in an analysis of the methods used by the Tsarist government to cope with the problem posed by internal government of industry in an era of growing labor unrest. It will focus on the period between the Emancipation and the 1905 Revolution. Russia did not become an industrial state during this period, but industry made enough progress to bring the country face to face with the modern labor problem. It was a period in which social and economic relations, rooted in feudal traditions, began to undergo significant changes in response to industrial growth. Labor unrest and protest are one of the chief symptoms of the problems inherent in this socio-economic readjustment. To understand the Tsarist approach to these problems it will be necessary to begin with a brief outline of the social milieu of Russian industrialization and of the governmental attitude toward industrial discipline and unrest before the Emancipation. The second section of the article covers the period between the Emancipation and the mideighties, during which the government did not formally regulate the internal order of the factory but was not unconcerned with the relations between employers and workers. The third section covers the period after 1886, when the internal factory order was subject to formal regulation and official inspection.
Reversible Vasoconstriction Syndrome Involving the Basilar Artery in an Adolescent: Imaging and Clinical Features

Abstract Importance Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of "thunderclap headache" and by transient, multifocal vasoconstriction of cerebral vasculature. Here we present an adolescent boy whose clinical features fit the diagnostic criteria and whose neurovascular imaging revealed reversible vasoconstriction of the basilar artery alone. Observation A previously healthy 14-year-old boy presented with repeated severe sudden thunderclap headaches following exercise. These symptoms were accompanied by isolated basilar artery stenosis. Conclusion Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a condition with several clinical triggers. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood. This patient adds to a broadening spectrum of clinical features of this disorder.
Environmental effects on the mechanical properties of reconstituted collagen hollow fiber membranes

The lateral swelling, changes in length and tensile stress–strain curve of reconstituted collagen hollow fibers, crosslinked with uv irradiation, were measured as a function of the pH and ionic strength of their aqueous environment. From pH 5 to pH 10 the lateral swelling and length are constant; at lower and higher pH the lateral swelling increases rapidly while the fiber shrinks in length. Corresponding to these changes, a pronounced toe develops in the stress–strain curve and extends to a higher strain in more acid (or basic) media. This toe is attributed to the straightening of a microcrimp in the collagen fibrils; the microcrimp is accentuated by the repulsion between the charged fibrils in acid or basic media. Direct small-angle x-ray evidence of these microcrimp structure changes at low pH is presented. Increasing the ionic strength of an acid solution by adding NaCl decreases the lateral swelling, increases the length, and decreases the extent of the toe on the stress–strain curve. These changes result from an increased screening of the charge on neighboring fibrils at higher ionic strengths thus decreasing the repulsion between fibrils and the resulting microcrimp. Although the zigzag elastica model of the crimp developed by Diamant et al. [Proc. Roy. Soc., Ser. B, 180, 293 (1972)] provides a good empirical fit to the stress–strain data, it is shown to be inappropriate where the crimp results from repulsive forces between fibrils. A new model taking these forces into account is developed and is shown to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.
Vacuum‐ultraviolet circular dichroism of acetylated glucans

We have measured the solution and film vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism of a series of acetylated glucans containing α- and β-(13), (14), and (16) linkages. In addition to the 210-nm band studied previously, we observe the entire π-π* band near 190 nm; these bands are negative for all triacetates regardless of configuration and conformation. A band near 170 nm shows configurational sensitivity for (13)- and (16)-linked polysaccharides. The band is positive for both (14)-linked triacetates, but when cellulose triacetate is partially deacetylated, the 170-nm band becomes negative, thus making the correlation complete. The positive 170-nm band in cellulose triacetate films is more than an order of magnitude more intense than in any other case and, further, is accompanied by an equally large negative band near 153 nm, raising the possibility that the dichroism in the triacetate arises from strong excitonic interactions which are disrupted upon partial deacetylation.
cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates Desensitization of the Capsaicin Receptor (VR1) by Direct Phosphorylation

The capsaicin receptor, VR1 (also known as TRPV1), is a ligand-gated ion channel expressed on nociceptive sensory neurons that responds to noxious thermal and chemical stimuli. Capsaicin responses in sensory neurons exhibit robust potentiation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In this study, we demonstrate that PKA reduces VR1 desensitization and directly phosphorylates VR1. In vitro phosphorylation, phosphopeptide mapping, and protein sequencing of VR1 cytoplasmic domains delineate several candidate PKA phosphorylation sites. Electrophysiological analysis of phosphorylation site mutants clearly pinpoints Ser116 as the residue responsible for PKA-dependent modulation of VR1. Given the significant roles of VR1 and PKA in inflammatory pain hypersensitivity, VR1 phosphorylation at Ser116 by PKA may represent an important molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of VR1 function after tissue injury.
MOT1 CAN ACTIVATE BASAL TRANSCRIPTION IN VITRO BY REGULATING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TATA BINDING PROTEIN BETWEEN PROMOTER AND NONPROMOTER SITES

MOT1 is an ATPase which can dissociate TATA binding protein (TBP)-DNA complexes in a reaction requiring ATP hydrolysis. Consistent with this observation, MOT1 can repress basal transcription in vitro. Paradoxically, however, some genes, such as HIS4, appear to require MOT1 as an activator of transcription in vivo. To further investigate the function of MOT1 in basal transcription, we performed in vitro transcription reactions using yeast nuclear extracts depleted of MOT1. Quantitation of MOT1 revealed that it is an abundant protein, with nuclear extracts from wild-type cells containing a molar excess of MOT1 over TBP. Surprisingly, MOT1 can weakly activate basal transcription in vitro. This activation by MOT1 is detectable with amounts of MOT1 that are approximately stoichiometric to TBP. With amounts of MOT1 similar to those present in wild-type nuclear extracts, MOT1 behaves as a weak repressor of basal transcription. These results suggest that MOT1 might activate transcription via an indirect mechanism in which limiting TBP can be liberated from nonpromoter sites for use at promoters. In support of this idea, excess nonpromoter DNA sequesters TBP and represses transcription, but this effect can be reversed by addition of MOT1. These results help to reconcile previous in vitro and in vivo results and expand the repertoire of transcriptional control strategies to include factor-assisted redistribution of TBP between promoter and nonpromoter sites.
Effect of Nutritional Restrictions on Experimentally-Induced Erythroblastosis

Abstract INTRODUCTION LEUCOSIS, always a major disease problem in laying hens, has been more evident in recent years in commercial broilers (Dobbins, 1963; Fredrickson and Burmester, 1964). Visceral lymphomatosis is the most common form of this disease. Reproducing this disease under laboratory conditions requires the use of inbred lines of chickens and lengthy incubation periods making research tedious and expensive. In recent years it has become apparent that a single virus source can produce both visceral lymphomatosis and erythroblastosis (Walter et al., 1963; Burmester et al., 1959; Burmester and Fredrickson, 1962) as well as other manifestations of leucosis. The size, shape and structure of virus particles, as well as their location and distribution in the tumor cells of the spleen and liver of chickens with visceral lymphomatosis are similar to that found in chickens with erythroblastosis (Dmochowski et al., 1959). In view of the close relationship between erythroblastosis and visceral lymphomatosis…
Mutational Analysis of the phoD Promoter in Bacillus subtilis: Implications for PhoP Binding and Promoter Activation of Pho Regulon Promoters

The PhoP-PhoR two-component regulatory system controls the phosphate deficiency response in B. subtilis. A number of Pho regulon genes which require PhoP approximately P for activation or repression have been identified. The studies reported here were initiated to understand the PhoP-DNA interaction necessary for Pho promoter regulation. The regulatory region of phoD was characterized in detail using oligo-directed mutagenesis, DNase I footprinting, and in vivo transcription assays. These data reveal basic principles of PhoP binding relevant to PhoP's interaction with other Pho regulon promoters. Our results show that: (i) a dimer of PhoP approximately P is able to bind two consensus repeats in a stable fashion; (ii) PhoP binding is highly cooperative within the core promoter region, which is located from -66 to -17 on the coding strand and contains four TT(A/T/C)ACA-like repeats; (iii) specific bases comprising the TT(A/T/C)ACA consensus are essential for transcriptional activation, but the specific base pairs of the intervening sequences separating the consensus repeats are not important for either PhoP binding or promoter activation; (iv) the spacing between two consensus repeats within a putative dimer binding site in the core region is important for both PhoP binding and promoter activation; (v) the exact spacing between two dimer binding sites within the core region is important for promoter activation but less so for PhoP binding affinity, as long as the repeats are on the same face of the helix; and (vi) the 5' secondary binding region is important for coordinated PhoP binding to the core binding region, making it nearly essential for promoter activation.
Chaos during the electrodissolution of iron

Experiments were carried out on the electrodissolution of iron from a disk electrode rotating at 900 rpm in 1 M H2SO4. Current was measured as a function of applied potential. Potentiostatic current oscillations, all of which were chaotic, occurred over a range of applied potential. The characteristics of these chaotic oscillations were studied with the aid of state space plots and Poincare sections, and with the calculation of ν, the correlation dimension; the latter quantity varied smoothly between 2.4 and 6.0 throughout the range of applied potential studied. The attractor for which ν = 2.4 can be represented by a three-dimensional state space plot.
Enterotoxigenicity and genetic relatedness of Clostridium perfringens isolates from retail foods in the United States.

Clostridium perfringens is a leading cause of bacterial food-borne illness in countries where consumption of meat and poultry is high. For example, each year in the United States, this organism is the second or third most common cause of confirmed cases of food-borne illness. Surveys of the incidence of this organism in retail foods were done in the 1960s without regard to whether isolates were enterotoxigenic. It is now known that not all strains of this organism possess the enterotoxin gene responsible for illness. We examined the incidence of this organism in 131 food samples from retail food stores in an area of the northeastern United States. Forty isolates were obtained by using the iron milk method at 45°C, with confirmation by use of motility nitrate and lactose gelatin media. The presence of the C. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and alpha toxin (cpa) genes was determined by PCR using previously published primer sequences. All isolates possessed cpa. None of the isolates were identified as carrying the cpe gene by this method or by another method using a digoxigenin-labeled gene probe. Consistent with these results, none of the sporulating-cell extracts contained enterotoxin as determined by reverse passive latex hemagglutination. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine the genetic relatedness of the isolates. About 5% of the isolates were considered to be closely related (2- to 3-band difference). The others were considered to be unrelated to one another. The results demonstrate the rarity of cpe+ strains in retail foods and the genetic diversity among nonoutbreak strains.
Immunopathogenesis of acute central nervous system disease produced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. I. Cyclophosphamide-mediated induction of the virus-carrier state in adult mice.

A single dose of 150 mg/g of cyclophosphamide (CY), given 3 days after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, protected over 90% of adult BALB/c mice against acutely fatal choriomeningitis. Surviving mice became persistently infected carriers, with high virus titers in blood and brain. Immunofluorescent examination of the brain showed that in CY-induced carriers infection was initially confined to the choroid plexus, ependyma, and leptomeninges, but over the next 30 days gradually spread to the neural parenchyma, most notably to the molecular layer of the cerebellum. By contrast, LCM virus-carrier mice produced by neonatal virus injection and examined as adults, showed a much less marked infection of choroid plexus and much more widespread infection of parenchyma, with a different distribution among brain nuclei, including heavy infection of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.
Development of New Polymeric Materials for Linear Waveguides

We have evaluated the use of either poly(phenylene) prepared via spin-coatable polymeric precursors or fluorinated polysilynes for optical waveguides. Poly(phenylene) precursors were converted into poly(phenylene) by either curing at 300 °C or by deep-UV exposure in the presence of a photoacid generator. The poly(phenylene)s have a number of desirable properties for optical waveguide applications including good near IR transmission, low dielectric constant, thermal and environmental stability and ease of pattern fabrication using microlithographic techniques. Copolysilynes were spin-coated onto various types of substrates and then exposed by deep-UV radiation. Upon exposure of deep UV irradiation in the presence of air, they undergo photooxidative crosslinking to give insoluble glass-like materials. This photo-oxidation process is accompanied by a large decrease in refractive index from n=1.61 to n= 1.485. The photooxidation results suggest that their potential applications are as photoresists and optical waveguides.
Protein and amino acid composition of tree legume seeds

Pods and seeds of tree legumes are widely used as food in developing countries since tree legumes can be grown with minimal inputs of capital and energy.1 The data presented here show that the protein content of the seed of different legumes ranges from 16 to 69% of the dry weight, and methionine, cystine and tryptophan content ranges from 44 to 121 mg/gN, 14 to 156 mg/gN and 40 to 109 mg/gN respectively. The chemical score of the protein from Pithecellobium lobatum was 0.79 which compared to 0.58 and 0.47 for casein and soy protein respectively. This variability in protein content and in amino acid composition indicates that there is sufficient genetic variability in the family to permit improvement by selection and breeding.
Spin neuron for ultra low power computational hardware

We propose a device model for neuron based on lateral spin valve (LSV) that constitutes of multiple input magnets, connected to an output magnet, using metal channels. The low-resistance, magneto-metallic neuron can operate at a small terminal voltage of ∼20mV, while performing computation upon current-mode inputs. The spin-based neurons can be integrated with CMOS to realize ultra low-power data processing hardware, based on neural networks (NN), for different classes of applications like, cognitive computing, programmable Boolean/non-Boolean logic and analog and digital signal processing [1, 2]. In this work we present analog image acquisition and processing as an example. Results based on device-circuit co-simulation framework show that a spin-CMOS hybrid design, employing the proposed neuron, can achieve ∼100x lower energy consumption per computation-frame, as compared to the state of art CMOS designs employing conventional analog circuits [13].
A NEW GENUS OF RIDGEWAYIIDAE (COPEPODA: CALANOIDA) FROM A KARSTIC CAVE OF THE WESTERN CARIBBEAN

Abstract The calanoid copepod family Ridgewayiidae, containing demersal and cave-dwelling forms, has representatives worldwide, but most have been known from the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic. Eight valid genera were hitherto known, most of them were described recently (Ridgewayia Thompson and Scott, Exumella Fosshagen, Brattstromia Fosshagen and Iliffe, Placocalanus Ohtsuka, Fosshagen and Soh, Exumellina Fosshagen and Iliffe, Normancavia Fosshagen and Iliffe, Robpalmeria Fosshagen and Iliffe, Stargatia Fosshagen and Iliffe). Biological collections in cave environments in an island off the Caribbean coastline of Honduras, Central America, showed the presence of ridgewayiid copepods. These specimens were found to belong to an undescribed genus of the family. The new genus Hondurella is distinguished from the other eight known ridgewayiid genera by a combination of characters that include a simple rostrum with no filaments, maxilliped with modified setae, first leg with a modified exopod and a reduced endo...
Effect of Pooled Comparative Information on Judgments of Quality

Quality assessment is the focus of many healthcare initiatives. Yet, it is not well understood how the type of information used in decision support tools to enable judgments of quality based on data impacts the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of judgments made by physicians. Comparative pooled information could allow physicians to judge the quality of their practice by making comparisons with other practices or other specific populations of patients. In this study, resident physicians were provided with varying types of information derived from pooled patient datasets: quality component measures at the individual and group level, a qualitative interpretation of the quality measures using percentile rank, and an aggregate composite quality score. Thirty-two participants viewed 30 quality profiles consisting of information applicable to the practice of 30 deidentified resident physicians. Those provided with quality component measures and a qualitative interpretation of the quality measures (rankings) judged quality of care more similarly to experts and were more internally consistent compared with participants who were provided with quality component measures alone. Reliability between participants was significantly less for those who were provided with a composite quality score compared with those who were not.
Reasons for smoking among tri-ethnic daily and nondaily smokers.

INTRODUCTION Nondaily smokers experience adverse effects from tobacco use, yet they have been understudied compared to daily smokers. Understanding how reasons for smoking (RS) differ by smoking level, gender, and race/ethnicity could inform tailored interventions. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered through an online panel survey service to 2,376 current smokers who were at least 25 years of age. The sample was stratified to obtain equal numbers of 3 racial/ethnic groups (African American [AA], Latino, and White) across smoking level (native nondaily, converted nondaily, daily light, and daily moderate/heavy). RESULTS A 7-factor structure of a 20-item Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS) was confirmed (each subscale alpha > 0.80). Each factor of the MRSS varied by smoking level, with nondaily smokers endorsing all RS less frequently than daily smokers (p .05). AAs and Whites were comparable on all RS (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights considerable variability across smoking level, gender, and race/ethnicity in strength of RS. Addressing subgroup differences in RS may contribute to more sensitive and effective prevention and treatment efforts.
Higher penalties for failing to pay child support. A look at medical license revocation.

(1998). Higher penalties for failing to pay child support. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 127-142.
Effect of Heating Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 22MnB5 Steel

The effects of heating temperature and holding time on microstructure of 22MnB5 were observed by OM, and tensile strength and hardness of the specimens were tested. The results show that: the steel is full of martensite after heated at temperature higher than 860 ℃. But the tensile strength and hardness decrease with the temperature increasing. And the tensile strength and hardness also slightly decrease with the holding time increasing. 22MnB5 steel has a full martensitic structure after quenching, and the tensile strength and hardness reach 1690 MPa and 555 HRV after heated at 860 ℃ for 3 min. The ideal heating process is that heating temperature is 860℃-900℃ and holding time is 3-5min.
Previewing: A Means of Fostering the Infant’s Predictive Abilities

The recent application of microanalytic techniques to the study of human development has allowed researchers to observe a myriad of previously imperceptible events that occur during the maturational process of living organisms. In particular, sophisticated time-escalated sequences captured on videotape have permitted examination of the most intimate of events: the in utero alteration of human gametes from diffuse cell clusters into differentiated systems with unique functions. As the tape advances, we see how clusters of cells form an incipient spinal cord and we wonder what mysterious force impels this movement toward growth. From such sequences a distinctive impression emerges. It appears that the processes of nature move relentlessly toward development, by means of rapid change, increased control, and the acquisition of specialization.
Relationship of eudaimonia and hedonia with work outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of two perspectives of well-being, hedonism and eudaimonism, on job attitudes and extra-role behaviors. Theoretically, hedonism equates well-being with the experience of pleasure, whereas eudaimonism is the experience of personal growth, purpose and social significance. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 528 administrative support staff at two points in time. At time 1, hedonia and eudaimonia at work were measured. Job attitudes and extra-role behaviors were measured at time 2. Findings – Results indicate that hedonia and eudaimonia, although strongly correlated, have unique effects on job attitudes and extra-role behaviors. Further, there is a synergistic effect between eudaimonia and hedonia such that experienced eudaimonia has a stronger effect on employee outcomes when hedonia is higher. Practical implications – Popular books highlight the importance of creating happy workers. However, one’s view of happiness/well-being ...