cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ménétrier's disease of the stomach: a clinical challenge.

Menetrier's disease is a rare hyperproliferative protein-losing gastropathy of the gastric foveolar epithelium. Most common symptoms include epigastric pain with fullness and vomiting, and generalized peripheral edema with hypoalbuminemia. Radiologically, the wall of the gastric body and fundus is diffusely thickened, often with antral sparing. Giant rugal edematous folds are seen on gastroscopy, and histology of biopsy material shows diffuse foveolar hyperplasia with cystic dilatation of the glandular portion of the gastric mucosa in the absence of significant inflammatory infiltrate. The recent discovery of transforming growth factor α overexpression opens the way of epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with cetuximab as first-line treatment modality in severe cases of Menetrier's disease.
The effect of venue and wind on the distance of a hammer throw.

(2005). The Effect of Venue and Wind on the Distance of a Hammer Throw. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 347-351.
Realization of a continuous-wave, two-photon optical laser.

We report the first observation of continuous-wave two-photon lasing in the optical regime, and demonstrate that its initiation requires the injection of a trigger pulse into the laser resonator. Successful operation of the two-photon laser relies on the use of a novel gain medium consisting of laser-driven, two-level atoms and the use of a high-finesse optical cavity to isolate the two-photon gain from competing processes. Threshold conditions for laser action are in good agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
Aggregation of Preferences

Consider a group of individuals who must collectively choose one of several mutually exclusive alternatives. Since, in general, there will be disagreement as to the desirability of the different alternatives, the group may find it easier first' to choose a method or procedure for aggregating their preferences. At least there may be a consensus as to what properties an aggregation procedure ought to have before the group would consider it ethically and institutionally acceptable. For example, one such ethical consideration is the requirement that the group preference be Pareto-efficient, i.e., if every member of society prefers a to /3, then society should prefer a to ,8. As an institutional requirement we might wish to restrict ourselves to methods of aggregation that can be implemented by voting rules. We shall suppose that the tastes or preferences of the individuals in society can be represented in one of two ways. Each person has an ordinal utility function, U, or a preference relation, P, over the set of alternatives. Individuals whose tastes are described by a utility function will be called rational. If he has a preference relation P, aP,8, is to be read "he prefers a to /8." Operationally we shall interpret this to mean that if offered the choice between a or /, he will choose a. We do not assume the converse. If someone chooses a over /3, then we can only infer that he does not prefer /8 to a. This is not a pedantic distinction; it is essential if one is to recognize that an individual who makes a unique choice out of every subset of alternatives may well have an incomplete even intransitive preference relation over the set of alternatives. Our problem is to aggregate the preferences of individuals into a social preference relation, where the aggregation procedure has certain desirable ethical and institutional properties. This is the
15-Lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) Is Expressed in Benign Prostatic Epithelium and Reduced in Prostate Adenocarcinoma

Human 15S-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) is a recently identified lipoxygenase that has approximately 40% sequence identity to the known human 5S-, 12S-, and 15S-lipoxygenases. 15-LOX-2 has a limited tissue distribution, with mRNA detected in prostate, lung, skin, and cornea, but not in numerous other tissues, including peripheral blood leukocytes. In the current study, we have characterized the distribution of 15-LOX-2 in the human prostate by immunohistochemistry, demonstrated the ability of benign prostate tissue to form 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE) from exogenous arachidonic acid (AA), and begun characterizing possible alterations in 15-LOX-2 in prostate adenocarcinoma. Incubation of benign prostate tissue with [14C]AA resulted in formation of [14C]15-HETE, as determined by reverse- and straight-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 15-HETE was the major AA metabolite formed. By immunohistochemistry, 15-LOX-2 is located in secretory cells of peripheral zone glands and large prostatic ducts and somewhat less uniformly in apical cells of transition and central zone glands. 15-LOX-2 was not detected in the basal cell layer, stroma, ejaculatory ducts, seminal vesicles, or transitional epithelium. Immunostaining of 18 radical prostatectomy specimens showed a loss of 15-LOX-2 in the majority of prostate adenocarcinomas; 14 of 18 cases showed loss of 15-LOX-2 in >25% of the tumor (mean, 74.9% negative for 15-LOX-2; range, 38.9% to 100%). Incubation of paired pure benign and pure malignant prostate tissue from the same radical prostatectomies showed that 15-HETE formation was markedly reduced (>90%) or undetectable in incubations of prostate adenocarcinoma. 15-LOX-2 is a novel human lipoxygenase with a limited tissue distribution that is strongly expressed in benign prostate glandular epithelium and lost to a variable degree in the majority of prostate adenocarcinomas.
The Effects of Written Teacher and Peer Praise Notes on the Inappropriate Behaviors of Elementary Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in a Residential School

In this study, the effects of two secondary-tier positive behavioral intervention and support interventions, written teacher praise notes (TPNs) and peer praise notes (PPNs), were investigated using an alternating treatments single-subject design in residential art classroom settings with eight elementary students with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) in grades one through five who displayed a variety of inappropriate behaviors. Functional behavioral assessments confirmed that all eight student's inappropriate behaviors were attention-maintained. Duration recording was used to record the percentage of inappropriate behavior during art class. The results suggest that TPNs and PPNs decreased a variety of inappropriate behaviors of students with E/BD in the residential setting; however, there was minimal to no fractionation between the two interventions. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Overview of Methods to Estimate the Medical Costs of Cancer

Background: Methods to estimate the direct medical costs of cancer care have evolved into several commonly used methods. Objectives: We describe the different estimation techniques briefly to contrast these approaches and provide a framework for other articles in this monograph. Measures and Results: One can estimate costs for all individuals with a specific cancer in a fixed calendar period (prevalent costs) or describe costs starting at the point of diagnosis and estimate immediate and long-term costs (incident costs). A variant of the incidence approach is to divide cancer care into initial, continuing, and terminal care phases and apply these phase-specific cost estimates to survival probabilities. The additional burden because of the cancer may be computed using cancer services (attributable costs) or by subtracting costs of healthy matched individuals (net costs). Conclusions: The strengths and weaknesses of these approaches are illustrated to show that the most appropriate choice will depend on whether the goal is to plan for health care costs, set public policy, or assess impact of potential interventions.
An exploratory study of homeschooling in Kansas

Personal interviews with a nonrandom sample of four current or former homeschooling mothers indicated that these mothers were homeschooling to avoid what they perceived as negative social or academic aspects of public schools and to promote closer family interaction. While the families appeared to be divided along traditional gender-role assignments, fathers were responsible for at least one of the children's subjects, usually science, religion, or physical education. While all the mothers saw time management and household organization as a stressful challenge, support from their husbands and homeschooling-support groups was critical in dealing effectively with the stresses of homeschooling.
Studies in histochemistry. XXXIV. Micromeasurement of enzymatic conjugation of m-aminophenol and lack of activity in rat adrenal tissue.

Abstract An adaptation of the method of Bernstein and McGilvery for the measurement of enzymatic conjugation by rat liver of m-aminophenol with sulfate and possibly glucuronate was elaborated for use with microgram samples of fresh tissue. No conjugation of m-aminophenol by rat adrenal tissue, with or without aeration, was found.
Complementary opposition as a systems concept

The polar opposites and their complementary behaviors are observed in many existing systems, which results in the emergence of the complementary opposition model. The model gives a challenge to the traditional dichotomy model in Western philosophy, and is provided with supportive evidence from both physics and systems research. This paper proposes complementary opposition as an essential concept in general systems theory, and discusses its theoretical and applied aspects in systems perspectives.
Developmental phonological and lexical agraphia in adults

Many cases of agraphia from acquired cerebral lesions may be divided into two groups, phonological and lexical, suggesting two dissociable spelling systems. Studies of developmental agraphia have described some children who have spelling patterns similar to acquired phonological or lexical agraphia. This study analyzed spelling results from 22 adolescent and adult subjects with developmental agraphia (DA) and compared them to those from control subjects and subjects with acquired agraphia (AA). On the basis of spelling ability, subjects with DA could be divided into two groups. Analysis of the profile of spelling abilities indicated that the two groups of subjects with DA were almost indistinguishable from the two groups of subjects with AA, phonological and lexical. This supports the contention that DA in adults may be divided into phonological and lexical groups and further supports the two-system hypothesis for linguistic agraphia.
A Configural Analysis of Differences Among Higher Education Consortia.

In order to plan appropriate cooperative programs for particular higher education consortia, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of these organizations. The spatial configuration technique was used to illustrate the impact of eleven variables of the member institutions in differentiating among four consortia. Six of the variables — Control, Highest Degree Awarded, Percentage of Males, Math SAT Scores, Conventional Orientation, Scientific Orientation, and Endowment — were found to be significant in differentiating among the consortia. It was concluded that the spatial configuration technique was an effective way of visually comparing those consortia composed of member institutions, which as groups had similar and dissimilar characteristics.
Spray Solution pH and Glyphosate Activity

It was hypothesized 110 years ago that substances that dissolve in lipids pass more easily into cells than those that dissolve in water. Thus, weak acids such as glyphosate should more readily pass through the non-polar plant cuticle in the non-dissociated, more non-polar form. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis in a series of studies in the greenhouse involving three weed species. The pH of the glyphosate spray solution was varied between 1.5 and 6. The glyphosate activity on giant foxtail, common lambsquarters, and velvetleaf (pH) was not affected by pH values between 1.5 and 6 when adjusted with hydrochloric acid (HCl). If diammonium sulfate, was also present, the results were similar; however, the glyphosate activity on velvetleaf was much greater. If the pH was lowered with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, an increase in the glyphosate activity on velvetleaf became evident as the pH was lowered from 6.0 to 1.5. This was attributed to the water conditioning effect of the SO4= in hard water. With tank-mixing glyphosate with 1 % NT, a proprietary blend of surfactants and monocarbamide, which lowered the pH to 2.0, the water conditioning benefit of NT was decreased on velvetleaf as the pH was raised from 2.0 to 7.0. In summary, the hypothesis was disproved with respect to glyphosate.
Behavioral social work: results of a national survey on graduate curricula.

A review of the course content in behavior therapy and single-subject research designs offered by 67 of the 99 accredited or preaccredited graduate schools of social work was conducted. Although behavior therapy is a viable perspective in social work education, the approach seems embedded in a context of clinical eclecticism which does not seem likely to provide adequate training in either learning theory or behavioral methods.
The prepayment option on mortgage securities: A random coefficient approach

Using the Swamy (1970) model for pooled data and a Hildreth and Houck (1968) model for individual securities, this article investigates whether the parameters describing the prepayment behavior of the fixed-rate debt underlying mortgage-backed securities are better estimated as a stochastic behavior. Empirical results indicate that differences between securities are random. The Hildreth and Houck model yields additional information on randomness over time. The use of the aggregate data to estimate prepayment of individual securities, as opposed to use of the prepayment history of the individual security, may yield more reliable results.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Endosperm Color and Carotenoid Content in Sorghum Grain

Vitamin A defi ciency affects approximately 250 million people in semiarid regions of Africa and Asia, where sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is a major staple crop. Yellow endosperm sorghums contain carotenoids, some of which can be transformed by humans into vitamin A. Our objective was to study the genetic basis of variation in carotenoid levels in sorghum endosperm by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with carotenoid content and endosperm color, as a putative predictor of carotenoid concentration. A recombinant inbred line population developed from a yellow (‘KS115’) by a white endosperm (‘Macia’) parental cross was evaluated in two locations in 2005. A genetic map was generated using 112 molecular markers including nine carotenoid candidate genes. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene were the major carotenoids identifi ed. Several QTL were detected for each compound as well as for color and total carotenoids. Color was signifi cantly correlated with the levels of all compounds, and color QTL co-localized with carotenoid QTL. For β-carotene (provitamin A), fi ve QTL were localized on chromosomes 1, 2, and 10. One of them, on chromosome 2, was stable across both environments, had positive additive effects (1.179 and 1.379), explained large proportions of the phenotypic variance (11.6% and 15.15%), and was associated with a new phytoene synthase gene (Psy3). This fi rst report of QTL for carotenoid content in sorghum grain provides a starting point for breeding high-provitamin A sorghums.
Leukotrienes D4 and E4 produced in myocardium impair coronary flow and ventricular function after two hours of global ischaemia in rat heart.

Objective: Leukotrienes D4 and E4 are potent coronary vasoconstrictors and myocardial depressants. The aim was to investigate the contribution of myocardial leukotrienes to impairment of coronary flow and recovery of contractile function in rat hearts subjected to 2 h of global ischaemia. Methods: Rat hearts were mounted on a working Langendorff apparatus and perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37°C for 30 min. Hearts were then arrested with either standard potassium crystalloid cardioplegic solution (n=6), or with cardioplegic solution containing the leukotriene D4, E4 receptor antagonist LYI71883 (n=6). Arrested hearts were maintained at 15°C for 2 h, then rewarmed to 37°C during 30 min working reperfusion. Coronary effluent was analysed by radioimmunoassay for leukotriene C4, D4, E4, and F4 levels. Immediately prior to cardiac arrest, and again after 30 min reperfusion, coronary flow, and aortic outflow and pressure were measured. Results: Postischaemic leukotriene levels were increased compared to preischaemic levels in both groups [pooled measurements: 133.3 (SD 136.4) v 20.7(17.8) pg·0.1 ml−1, p < 0.05]. Postischaemic coronary vascular resistance was increased by 80% in controls (p < 0.001) compared to 19% (p=NS) in treated hearts. In addition, functional recovery was significantly greater in treated hearts compared to controls [82(3)% v 53(3)% for coronary flow; 79(3)% v 50(2)% for cardiac output; 82(4)% v 54(3)% for stroke work]. Conclusions: Leukotrienes are endogenously produced by the heart, and this production is significantly increased after global ischaemia and reperfusion. Reversal of significantly increased coronary vascular resistance coupled with improved functional recovery in hearts treated with LYI71883 demonstrates an important contribution of endogenously produced leukotrienes to coronary vascular impairment and functional stunning of the globally ischaemic, reperfused heart. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :770-773
A DEEP REPRESENTATION FOR INVARIANCE AND MUSIC CLASSIFICATION

Representations in the auditory cortex might be based on mechanisms similar to the visual ventral stream; modules for building invariance to transformations and multiple layers for compositionality and selectivity. In this paper we propose the use of such computational modules for extracting invariant and discriminative audio representations. Building on a theory of invariance in hierarchical architectures, we propose a novel, mid-level representation for acoustical signals, using the empirical distributions of projections on a set of templates and their transformations. Under the assumption that, by construction, this dictionary of templates is composed from similar classes, and samples the orbit of variance-inducing signal transformations (such as shift and scale), the resulting signature is theoretically guaranteed to be unique, invariant to transformations and stable to deformations. Modules of projection and pooling can then constitute layers of deep networks, for learning composite representations. We present the main theoretical and computational aspects of a framework for unsupervised learning of invariant audio representations, empirically evaluated on music genre classification.
Possible role of incipient Anderson localization in the resistivities of highly disordered metals

The scaling theory of Anderson localization by Abrahams et al. is used for dirty conductors just above the Anderson transition. When the inelastic mean free path, ${l}_{\mathrm{ph}}$, is smaller than the coherence length, $\ensuremath{\xi}$, in the extended phase, the conductivity increases with temperature like ${{l}_{\mathrm{ph}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This may be related to the quite general correlation between large resistances and their negative temperature derivatives found by Mooij. ${l}_{\mathrm{ph}}g\ensuremath{\xi}$ is required to distinguish between the extended and localized regimes.
Nurses' Utilization and Perception of the Community/Public Health Nursing Credential

Objectives. I explored the underutilization of the community/public health nursing (C/PHN) credential by examining the individual characteristics of public health nurses, the value these nurses perceive for certification, the barriers they perceive to obtaining or maintaining a C/PHN credential, and their credential status.Methods. I surveyed a national sample of 655 public health nurses regarding this more than 20-year-old credential. I analyzed variables related to perceived value, barriers, and characteristics of public health nurses.Results. The perceived value of credentialing did not differ among public health nurses relative to whether they had ever had a C/PHN credential. The C/PHN credential, however, was obtained significantly more often by public health nurses in academic settings than by those working in practice settings.Conclusions. The C/PHN credential appears to be disproportionately underutilized and unknown to public health nurses in the practice community. Findings suggest, however, tha...
The dual nature of specific immunological activity of tumor-derived gp96 preparations.

Mice immunized with optimal doses of autologous tumor–derived gp96 resist a challenge with the tumor that was the source of gp96. Immunization with quantities of gp96 5–10 times larger than the optimal dose does not elicit tumor immunity. This lack of effect is shown to be an active, antigen-specific effect, in that immunization with high doses of tumor-derived gp96, but not normal tissue–derived gp96, downregulates the antitumor immune response. Furthermore, immunization with fractionated doses of gp96 elicits the same kind and level of response as elicited by a single dose equivalent to the total of the fractionated doses. This is true of the tumor-protective doses as well as the high downregulatory doses of gp96. The downregulatory activity can be adoptively transferred by CD4+ but not CD8+ T lymphocytes from mice immunized with high doses of gp96. These observations indicate that immunization with gp96 induces a highly regulated immune response that, depending upon the conditions of immunization, results in tumor immunity or downregulation.
Anagram solution as a function of transition probabilities and solution word frequency

In a 2 by 2 by 2 repeated-measures factorial design, low anagram-transition probability and high solution-word Thorndike-Lorge frequency were found to facilitate solution of anagrams. The results are interpreted as compatible with a model of anagram solution composed of two processes: word-association emission, and initial bigram rearrangement coupled with word emission. It is additionally proposed that the sampling of bigrams for rearrangement is based on uniqueness.
A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study

The present study utilized an analog paradigm to investigate the effectiveness of two strategies for coping with food cravings, which was theorized to be critical to the maintenance of weight loss. Ninety-eight undergraduate students were given transparent boxes of chocolate Hershey's Kisses and instructed to keep the chocolates with them, but not to eat them, for 48 h. Before receiving the Kisses, participants were randomized to receive either (a) no intervention, (b) instruction in control-based coping strategies such as distraction and cognitive restructuring, or (c) instruction in acceptance-based strategies such as experiential acceptance and defusion techniques. Measures included the Power of Food Scale (PFS; a measure of psychological sensitivity to the food environment), self-report ratings of chocolate cravings and surreptitiously recorded chocolate consumption. Results suggested that the effect of the intervention depended on baseline PFS levels, such that acceptance-based strategies were associated with better outcomes (cravings, consumption) among those reporting the highest susceptibility to the presence of food, but greater cravings among those who scored lowest on the PFS. It was observed that craving self-report measures predicted chocolate consumption, and baseline PFS levels predicted both cravings and consumption. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for weight loss maintenance strategies.
A TRANSIENT BLOOM OF OSTREOCOCCUS (CHLOROPHYTA, PRASINOPHYCEAE) IN WEST NECK BAY, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK

The smallest known eukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri Courties et Chretiennot-Dinet, was first reported as the dominant picoplankter in a French lagoon known for its diverse phytoplankton community and high oyster productivity. Long-term seasonal blooms of this picoeukaryote were observed in association with stable plankton communities. On 5 June 2001, a distinctive monotypic picoplankton bloom was detected by flow cytometry as part of an ongoing study of "brown tide" (Aureococcus anophagefferens) bloom initiation in Long Island bays. The bloom reached a concentration of 5 X 10 5 cells.mL - 1 in West Neck Bay and lasted less than 2 weeks. Epifluorescence microscopy and TEM indicated that the bloom organism was an Ostreococcus-like picoalga, the first ever observed in a Long Island bay. Many cells of this alga contained numerous virus-like particles. The Ostreococcus-like picoalga, which resembles O. tauri, was rare in samples collected the following week. Instead, a substantial increase in the Synechococcus population was observed. Such rapid population changes have not previously been reported for Ostreococcus. Viral lysis and grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates may have contributed to the rapid decline of the Ostreococcus-like cells in West Neck Bay.
An interprofessional clinical advanced fellowship in rehabilitation serving Veterans with polytrauma and brain injury

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury is a public health issue worldwide; about 1.7 million new incidents occur annually in the United States. Purpose This paper describes an innovative advanced educational fellowship in interprofessional polytrauma/traumatic brain injury rehabilitation sponsored by VA's Office of Academic Affiliations. Method Development and implementation of the James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital' Interprofessional Polytrauma/Traumatic Brain Injury (IP/TBI) Rehabilitation Clinical Advanced Fellowship in Optometry is described. Discussion This unique interprofessional educational experience is designed to enhance clinical skills of optometrists caring for Veterans with TBI and other acquired neurological disorders. Assessment and rehabilitation of visual dysfunction as part of the interprofessional rehabilitation approach are discussed. Conclusion The IP/TBI Rehabilitation Clinical Advanced Fellowship provides a unique opportunity for select optometrist fellows to develop advanced skills as essential interprofessional team members providing TBI visual rehabilitative care for our Nation's Service Members and Veterans.
Respiration and Embryogenesis in Cotton

Virtually nothing is known about the metabolism associated with embryogenesis in higher plants, not even the oxidative pathways involved in respiration. This contrasts sharply with the situation in the field of animal embryology where a large amount of data dealing with the biochemistry of embryo development has been collected (3). When embryogenesis is defined as the result of maintenance, growth, and differentiation (3), it becomes increasingly apparent that it is important to understand the basic respiratory pathways operating, in embryos and to examine the possibility of pathway changes during the course of development. The experiments described below are concerned with the relation of respiration to development of the plant embryo. Three areas investigated were 1) the normal respiration of the plant embryo, 2) the characterization of the oxidative pathway involved in respiration through the use of respiratory enzyme inhibitors, and 3) the histochemical localization of relative respiratory activities during tbe early stages of embryogenesis.
Structure-activity studies of urea, carbamate, and sulfonamide derivatives of acylfulvene.

Illudin S and M (1, 2) are highly toxic sesquiterpenes found in the basidiomycete Omphalotus illudens. Illudins have a low therapeutic index, but acylfulvene derivatives display potent in vivo antitumor activity against a variety of multidrug resistant tumors. The lead acylfulvene (4), irofulven (5), in a randomized phase IIB clinical trial significantly increased overall survival in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer who failed prior treatment with two different standard chemotherapeutic regimens. Irofulven is unique, as the primary allylic hydroxyl group can undergo displacement with a variety of nucleophiles to produce analogues that retain key functional groups required for biological activity including the reactive cyclopropylmethyl carbinol and α,β-unsaturated ketone. As described here, we synthesized a variety of urea, carbamate, and sulfonamide derivatives that retain key functional groups and display potent biological activity toward target solid tumor cells in vitro but ...
Influence of Length of Feed Withdrawal Times on Proximate Composition and Levels of Selected Vitamins and Minerals in Broiler Breast Meat

Abstract The length of time broilers are off feed and water prior to slaughter may influence processing yield and fecal contamination. This study was undertaken to determine if lengthy withdrawal times have any effect on the composition of broiler breast meat. Three groups of broilers, off feed for 8, 20, or 32 hr (water was withdrawn 2 hr after feed withdrawal) were conventionally processed. At least 20 carcasses per group were randomly selected and the breast meat analyzed for proximate composition, five minerals (phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium), and three vitamins (riboflavin, niacin, and B6). Results showed no significant differences (P
A naonoporous cell-therapy device with controllable biodegradation for long-term drug release

Herein we describe the development and implementation of a nanoporous cell-therapy device with controllable biodegradation. Dopamine-secreting PC12 cells were housed within newly formulated alginate-glutamine degradable polylysine (A-GD-PLL) microcapsules. The A-GD-PLL microcapsules provided a 3-D microenvironment for good spatial cell growth, viability and proliferation. The microcapsules were subsequently placed within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) chamber covered with a PEG-grafted PCL nanoporous membrane formed by phase inversion. To enhance PC12 cell growth and to assist in controlled degradation of both the PC12 cells and the device construct, small PCL capsules containing neural growth factor (PCL-NGF) and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) pellet containing glutamine (PLGA-GLN) were also placed within the PCL chamber. Release of NGF from the PCL-NGF capsules facilitated cell proliferation and viability, while the controlled release of GLN from the PLGA-GLN pellet resulted in A-GD-PLL microcapsule degradation and eventual PC12 cell death following a pre-specified period of time (4 weeks in this study). In vivo, our device was found to be well tolerated and we successfully demonstrated the controlled release of dopamine over a period of four weeks. This integrated biodegradable device holds great promise for the future treatment of a variety of diseases.
CRYPTOMORPHA, A NEW SECTION OF SAXIFRAGA

While pursuing some studies on the section Boraphila Engler, of the genus Saxifraga, the writer (4) found that the flower of Saxifraga eriophora S. Watson showed some important differences in structure as compared with the other species of this section. With better material at hand, kindly loaned by the Herbarium of the University of California, it has been possible to make a more thorough analysis of the flower of this species, with the result that the writer here undertakes to make it the basis of a new section.
The use of 0.25% zinc pyrithione spray does not enhance the efficacy of clobetasol propionate 0.05% foam in the treatment of psoriasis.

Abstract Background: It was discovered that Skin Cap (Cheminova Internacional S.A., Madrid, Spain), an over-the-counter psoriasis therapy with zinc pyrithione, contained clobetasol propionate and it was withdrawn from the market by the US Food and Drug Administration review. Some suggested that there might be a synergistic effect of zinc pyrithione with clobetasol propionate. Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of clobetasol propionate 0.05% foam with and without the coadministration of a topical 0.25% zinc pyrithione spray in treating psoriasis involving sites other than the scalp. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, right/left study of patients with mild to moderate, generally symmetric, plaque-type psoriasis. Patients were assigned to treatment with clobetasol propionate foam on all psoriatic lesions and then randomly assigned to use zinc pyrithione spray to either the right or left side of their body (vehicle spray to be applied to the opposite side). There was a 2-week treatment phase (visits at baseline, week 1, and week 2) and a follow-up phase (visit at week 4), and all treatments were administered twice daily for 2 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline to week 2 in the composite score of the signs of psoriasis (erythema, scaling, plaque thickness) for symmetric target lesions. Results: A total of 25 patients were enrolled; 24 completed the trial and 1 was lost to follow up. Of those who completed the study, 63% (15 of 24) were men, and the mean age (±SD) was 50 years (±12.2). After 2 weeks of therapy, the average decline in the composite score was 3.5 (±1.8) for monotherapy (clobetasol propionate foam and vehicle) and, similarly, 3.3 (±1.8) for clobetasol propionate foam plus zinc pyrithione spray ( P = .5). Discussion: Zinc pyrithione spray does not appear to enhance the efficacy of clobetasol propionate foam after 2 weeks of therapy. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:79-82.)
Internet Teaching of PA Practitioners in Rural Areas: Can Complex Material with High Definition Graphics be Taught Using P.C.'s?

Personal computer technology provides point to point training of complex material with high definition supporting graphics. We wanted to determine if complex materials with high definition graphics could be used with Internet training. We also wanted to determine if outcome measures were equivalent to a traditional on campus course and if the student's perceptions of the experience were positive. A gross anatomy course using the following measures to compare performance with an on-campus cohort was used to answer the question: paper and pencil exam scores, laboratory exams, case studies, and evaluations of case studies. The average number of points earned by the 22 on-campus PA students was 405 and for the 8 DL – PA students 402. The average number of points earned by students in other training programs ranged from 417 for Physical Therapy students (the highest) to 397 for Occupational Therapists (the lowest). Differences between student cohorts are attributed to demand characteristics requiring PT studen...
WE-C-T-6E-05: NEXGEN Restorative Health Care Thru Synthetic Biology and Nanoscience

Recent advances in our ability to manipulate matter at the scale of individual molecules have created an incredible level of excitement in both the scientific community and the general population. The excitement over this new capability, commonly labeled nanotechnology, is vested in the expectation of the development of new materials and systems that offer unparalleled functionality. Materials that autonomously adapt their shape and physical properties in response to the their surroundings, computers that instead of operating by switching the flow of electrons, manipulate information through the management of the ethereal world of quantum states and, molecular sized machines that actively repair damage to our bodies and function as molecular scale prosthetics are all expectations of nanotechnology. While the question of whether or not this vision is truly achievable is still open, the truth is that much of the expectations for nanotechnology are already realized in living systems. Living systems however, are more than a product of matter manipulation at the molecular scale; the richness of functionality associated with living systems is a direct product of the information generated from both the interactions between molecules and the overall supra-molecular structure of the system. In essence living systems are “living” because of the fusion of nanotechnology and informatics. Living systems result from the precision assembly of matter with prescribed modalities for the transport and transduction of information among supra-molecular clusters. Recent advances in surgical and diagnostic tools emanating from nanotechnology will be presented in the context of Integrative Technology. Integrative Technology is the intersection of the precision assembly of matter, nanotechnology, coupled with the functional building blocks of nature, biotechnology, fused by the network flow of spatiotemporal information, informatics. The power of Integrative Technology is illuminated through the creation of Synthetic Biological Systems. Hybrid biotic/abiotic systems that enable the restoration of loss biological function thru designed communication among supra-molecular assemblies. Illustrative examples will be presented that include the engineering of muscle-powered Biobots and the creation of nano-sized excitable vesicles with the ability to intrinsically process information. These devices have the potential of replacing lost biological function in physiologic structures such as the Sinoatrial node or damaged neurons, and highlight a new modality for disease therapy. Technology that will expand surgical applications beyond the arena of structural repair to the realm of physiological manipulation.
Singe-ion activities in aqueous solutions analogous to seawater

Abstract The method developed earlier, based on hydration numbers for individual ionic species, has been extended to aqueous systems of four electrolytes, MX, M 2 Y, NX 2 , and PX 2 , with an unhydrated anion (X − ). The procedure is used to calculate γ Na , γ Mg , γ Ca , γ Cl and γ SO 4 in a mixed electrolyte solution closely resembling seawater. Values of γ K and γ F in sea-water have also been estimated.
Long-term outcomes after in-hospital CPR in older adults with chronic illness

BACKGROUND Outcomes after in-hospital CPR in older adults with chronic illness are unclear. METHODS We examined inpatient Medicare data from 1994 through 2005 to identify CPR recipients. We grouped beneficiaries aged ≥ 67 years by severity of six chronic diseases—COPD, congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), malignancy, diabetes, and cirrhosis—and investigated survival to discharge, discharge destination, rehospitalizations, and long-term survival. RESULTS We identified 358,682 CPR recipients. Most patients with chronic disease were less likely to survive to discharge (eg, 14.8% in the advanced COPD group [ P P P P CONCLUSIONS Older CPR recipients with any of the six underlying chronic diseases investigated generally have much worse outcomes than CPR recipients without chronic disease. These findings may substantially affect decisions about CPR in patients with chronic illness.
Intelligent Computational Methods for Corrosion Damage Assessment

Corrosion is one of the damage mechanisms affecting the structural integrity of aging aircraft structures. Various nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques are being used to obtain images of corroded regions on structures. A computational approach using wavelet transforms and artificial neural networks to analyze and quantify the extent of corrosion damage from the NDI images is described. The wavelet parameters obtained from the images were first used to classify between corroded and uncorroded regions using a clustering algorithm. The corroded regions were further analyzed to obtain the material loss due to corrosion using an artificial neural network model. Experiments were carried out to investigate the developed methods for aircraft panels with engineered corrosion obtained from the Federal Aviation Administration Validation Center in Albuquerque. The results presented indicate that the computational methods developed for corrosion analysis seem to provide reasonable results for estimating material loss due to corrosion damage.
Personal experience in the treatment of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis with drugs used in combination

Drug therapy for seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is entirely empiric. Single agents often fail to control synovial inflammation adequately. Combination therapy with relatively small doses of several agents shown to be effective in controlled trials when used alone often produce sustained and marked therapeutic control. Adverse effects are frequent but probably are no greaterthan those associated with the use of an effective dose of a single agent. As in the treatment of malignancy or tuberculosis, the use of potent drugs in combination may prevent or delay the clonal expansion of resistant cells. If this is indeed the case in the treatment of RA, then consideration should be given to the routine use of drug combinations. It is conceivable that we do patients a disservice by using potentially valuable drugs sequentially rather than in tandem. Whatever its merits, combination drug therapy for seropositive RA is clearly a stopgap measure whose usefulness will end as more specific means of controlling joint inflammation become available.
Cyclazocine treatment of opiate dependence: A progress report

Abstract A rapid method of induction to maintenance levels of cyclazocine is described. Fifty per cent of patients selecting cyclazocine treatment sustain treatment for 6 mo or longer. The typological characteristics of treatment successes and failures are discussed.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Five-Coordinate Indium Halides and Alkyls

New five-coordinate indium halides and alkyls have been prepared which contain the bulky Schiff base ligands. Salen (1Bu) (N,N′-ethylenebis(3,5-ethylenebis (3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine) Salomphen(1Bu) (N,N′-phenylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)), Salomphen(1Bu) (N,N′-phenylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene-imine)), and Salomphen(1Bu) (N,N′-(3,4-dimethyl) (phehylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene-imine)). These are of formula LInX (where L = Salen(1Bu) X = Cl (1), Br (5), Et (9), ME (13); L = Selpen (1Bu), X = Cl(2), Br (6), Et(10), L = Salophen (1Bu), X = Cl (3), Br (7), Et (11) and L = Salomphen(1Bu), X = Cl (4), Br (8), Et (12). Compared to four-coordinate indium compounds 1–15 are remarkably unreactive with a number of profit and lithiated reagents. Only Salen(1Bu)InOSiPh3 (14) could be isolated from a rational synthesis. In a related reaction, [Salpen(1Bu)In(μ-OMe)]2 (15) was isolated in only trace quantities.
Felt Intensity versus Instrumental Ground Motion: A Difference between California and Eastern North America?

We examine the question of whether a single ground-motion intensity correlation equation (GMICE) is applicable to both eastern North America (ENA; intraplate) and California (interplate). We initially address this issue with the datasets from previous studies and separate them into central United States (CUS), California, and Canada datasets. We then add data from the 2008 M 5.2 Mt. Carmel, Illinois, and the 2005 M 4.7 Riviere du Loup earthquakes to the CUS and Canada datasets, respectively. For each dataset, the median of ground-motion values at each modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) level and their 95% confidence limits are calculated for peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and spectral acceleration (SA) at 0.3, 1.0, and 2.0 s. The California median value is relatively higher than the CUS and Canada for PGV and SA at 1.0 and 2.0 s. Based on the median values and the associated uncertainty, we combine all datasets for PGA and 0.3-s SA in order to determine a GMICE. The CUS and Canada datasets are combined separately from California for PGV, 1.0-s SA, and 2.0-s SA. ENA earthquakes have a different spectral shape than those in California, particularly at intermediate periods (∼1.0 s) where ENA spectral amplitudes are reduced, which may explain the difference we see at longer periods. Finally, a log-linear-fit of MMI to the median values of ground motion is used to determine GMICE.
HOST LOCATION BY COCCYGOMIMUS TURIONELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

Host location by the pupal parasitoid, Coccygomimus turionellae, was cued by both olfaction and contact chemoreception with host odor serving as a directional cue. The hosts' cocoons, silk, and pupae were all effective in evoking a response in the wasps. Preimaginal conditioning was not apparent but host species influenced the intensity of the wasp's response. Although efficiency was reduced, experienced wasps were able to locate hosts without air movement. The wasps responded to visual contrast and to three-dimensional effects, but not to specific shapes. In the absence of odor or tactile cues, visual attraction resulted in antennal palpation of the area, but very little ovipositor probing. Olfactory stimulation prior to visual or tactile tests significantly increased general activity and increased response to the cue itself. The most important cue to tactile or visual responses was contrast with the surroundings. Overall response was greater to tactile cues than to visual cues, and ovipositor probing occurred more often. RESUME DECOUVERTE DE L'HOTE PAR COCCYGOMIMUS TURIONELLAE (Hym. Ichn.) La decouverte de l'hote par le parasite de chrysalides, Coccygomimus turionellae est due a la fois a l'olfaction et a une perception chimique de contact, l'odeur de l'hote servant de facteur orientateur. Les cocons des hotes, la soie et la chrysalide provoquent tous une reponse de l'Ichneumonide. Le conditionnement preimaginal n'est pas apparent, mais les especes hotes influent sur l'intensite de la reponse. Les adultes repondent aux contrastes entre les objets et le fond, aux dimensions des objets dans les trois plans mais non a leur forme. La stimulation olfactive avant les tests visuels ou tactiles augmente significativement l'activite generale et la reponse elle − meme. Le facteur le plus important pour les reponses visuelles et olfactives est le contraste avec le fond. La reponse globale aux facteurs tactiles est superieure a celle aux facteurs visuels, les sondages par la tariere etant plus frequents.
Guest Editorial for Special Section on BIOKDD

The International Workshop on Data Mining in Bioinformatics (BIOKDD), held in conjunction with the ACM Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) for 11 years, has successfully established a tradition of providing a platform for the presentation and discussion of advances in data mining techniques that primarily target biological data. In 2012, the workshop was held in Beijing, China, and BIOKDD continued the tradition of bringing together data mining researchers and life scientists, emphasizing novel problems with various types of biological data. This special section features extended versions of three papers that were presented in BIKODD.