cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of infectious and iatrogenic nosocomial diarrhea in a cohort of general medicine patients

Abstract Background: Nosocomial diarrhea is a common problem in hospitals, but the epidemiology, causes, and consequences of infectious and iatrogenic nosocomial diarrhea are rarely documented in follow-up or surveillance studies of nosocomial infections. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of nosocomial diarrhea in a cohort study of hospitalized patients. Methods: The setting was a general medicine ward with a total of 30 beds in private or semiprivate rooms in a county hospital. A prospective cohort study of all consenting patients in the study ward was performed during an 11-month period. Patients were interviewed and cultures were obtained to check for stool pathogens within 48 hours of admission, and patients were followed up during their stay in the study ward. Data from medical notes, laboratory tests, antibiotic logs, and patient interviews were collected daily. Results: Among the 382 eligible patients, nosocomial diarrhea developed in 126 (32.9%): 37 cases were of infectious origin, 57 were iatrogenic, and 32 were of unknown origin. The most common causes of nosocomial diarrhea were Clostridium difficile and antibiotic therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed four risk factors for infectious nosocomial diarrhea: age, length of stay, number of antibiotics, and nasogastric tube feedings. Multivariate analysis also revealed four risk factors for iatrogenic nosocomial diarrhea: number of antibiotics, current gastrointestinal conditions, current renal conditions, and recent surgerey. Comorbidity associated with nosocomial diarrhea included increased risk of acquiring another type of nosocomial infection, increased risk of death, and increased length of stay. Conclusions: Nosocomial diarrhea was found to be common and associated with an additional burden of comorbidity. Analyses indicated different risk factors, depending on the etiology of nosocomial diarrhea (infectious or iatrogenic). Further studies are recommended to document the epidemiology and cost analysis of nosocomial diarrhea in other hospital populations.
Simultaneous optimization of pH and micelle concentration in micellar liquid chromatography

A retention model for ionizable compounds in micellar liquid chromatography is derived and verified. The use of the model for the prediction of retention is illustrated and appropriate optimization strategies for the separation of ionizable compounds in Micellar Liquid Chromatography are discussed.
Variations in Death Rates in the Proximity of Christmas: An Opponent Process Interpretation

Previous attempts to show that death is sometimes postponed until after an important social occasion have focused on the relationship between birthdates and deathdates. The present research uses Christmas as the focal social event. Study I, which involved the number of obituaries published in a major metropolitan newspaper during the eight weeks centering on Christmas, showed a significant death dip immediately prior to Christmas and a significant death surge immediately thereafter. Study II, which was based on the actual death dates of eminent Americans, yielded the same general pattern of results and also revealed that the post-Christmas upswing was significant only in the case of people who had surpassed the sample's median age. Study II, which involved a day-by-day analysis, showed that the post-holiday increase was very abrupt. All of these findings are fully consistent with Solomon and Corbit's opponent process theory of motivation.
Design and laboratory characterization of a highly efficient all-solid-state 200-mJ UV light source for ozone DIAL measurements

Design and laboratory characterization of a highly efficient all solid state 200 mJ UV light source for ozone dial measurements We are carrying out initial laboratory tests of an all solid state UV source designed to generate 200 mJ pulses of 320 nm light based on sum-frequency mixing of the 532 nm second harmonic of an Nd:YAG pump laser with 803 nm light derived from a nanosecond optical parametric oscillator. The sum-frequency stage was designed to obtain mixing efficiency approaching 60% by carefully matching the spatial and temporal properties of the 532 nm and 803 nm pulses. The nearly equal balance of 532 nm to 803 nm photons required an injection-seeded Nd:YAG pump laser and an OPO exhibiting exceptional signal beam quality and unusually high conversion efficiency. The OPO was designed to meet these requirements by employing a high Fresnel-number image-rotating nonplanar ring cavity producing signal beams with M-squared of approximately 3 that was pulsed self-injection seeded with the goal of obtaining greater than 75% conversion of pump energy into the signal and idler. This design can easily be modified to produce other UV wavelengths in the range of 300 nm to 320 nm.
SERVICE‐BASED MANUFACTURING: THE SERVICE FACTORY

Evidence suggests that factory-based service will become the next form of competition among manufacturers. If this is true, then manufacturing executives will have to obtain a clear understanding of the service capabilities of their plants and adjust their strategies accordingly. We define a set of factory-based services, information, problem solving, sales, and support, and suggest that they be considered in developing manufacturing strategy. Several propositions provide a framework for future research by linking service performance variables to conventionally accepted manufacturing performance variables.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Need for Controlled Trials

Excerpt Abundant evidence supports the concept of screening for colorectal cancer. The disease is of sufficient magnitude to warrant dedication of public health resources for screening. More than 1...
Estimating Watershed-Scale Precipitation by Combining Gauge- and Radar-Derived Observations

AbstractWatershed modeling requires accurate estimates of precipitation; however, in some cases it is necessary to simulate streamflow in a watershed for which there is no precipitation gauge records within close proximity to the watershed. For such cases, we propose an approach to estimating watershed-scale precipitation by combining (or fusing) gauge-based precipitation time series with radar-based precipitation time series in a way that seeks to match input precipitation for the watershed model with observed streamflow at the watershed outlet. We test the proposed data fusion approach through a case study where the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is used to simulate streamflow for a portion of the Eno River Watershed located in Orange County, North Carolina. Results of this case study show that the proposed approach improved model accuracy (E=0.60; R2=0.74; PB=−10.2) when compared to a model driven by gauge data only (E=0.50; R2=0.54; PB=−25.5) or radar data only (E=0.33; R2=0.61; PB=−13.7)...
Zoledronate induces apoptosis in cells from fibro‐cellular membrane of unicameral bone cyst (UBC)

Unicameral bone cyst (UBC) is a benign cystic lesion in children which is prone to fracture. Various treatments are available, but recurrence after different types of percutaneous injection therapy can cause bone destruction and pathologic fracture. The potential therapeutic effects of anti-resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates, have not been investigated for UBC. The objective of this study was to characterize the cells from the fibro-cellular membrane of unicameral bone cyst (UBC cells) and to determine whether zoledronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, could induce apoptosis in UBC cells. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting were performed in order to determine whether zoledronate induced apoptosis. Cells derived from normal human trabecular bones were used as controls against UBC cells to compare the effect of zoledronate in inducing apoptosis. Immunohisto/cytochemistry (IHC/ICC) and mini-array analyses were performed on tissues and cultured cells. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with conditioned media from the UBC cells to determine whether they are capable of inducing osteoclastogenesis. UBC membrane is composed of cells staining positively with CD68, SDF-1, STRO-1 and RANKL, but in vitro cells showed no staining with antibodies to CD68 and STRO-1, suggesting that there was a clonal selection of stromal cells during cell culture. UBC cells also express RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor-2, core binding factor-1), a key transcription factor for osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, media collected from UBC cells induced a generation of multi-nucleated osteoclast-like cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Zoledronate induced apoptosis of UBC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was evidenced by induction of the active cleaved form of caspase-3. The baseline apoptotic fractions were similar in UBC cells and trabecular bone cells. However, in the overall apoptotic fractions in this study, trabecular bone cells showed 17.2% of apoptosis, significantly lower than 24.2% of UBC cells (p-value = 0.007). With the various zoledronate concentrations, mean apoptotic fractions of trabecular bone cells was 19.2%, significantly lower than 27.8% of UBC cells (p-value = 0.040). With GGOH co-treatment in various zoledronate concentrations, 15.1% apoptosis was shown in trabecular bone cells, which was not significantly lower than 20.6% of UBC cells (p value = 0.076). This data suggests that zoledronate causes apoptosis in both UBC and trabecular bone cells by inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. In addition to the known anti-osteoclastogenic effect of bisphosphonates, the GGOH inhibitory effects of zoledronate were more prominent in UBC cells than trabecular bone cells, indicating their potential therapeutic role in UBC. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Circular symmetrization and the * function

A symmetrization of f relating to computing the Laplacian of is discussed together with its relationship to the theory of Dirichlet Integral inequalities.
Virtually Transparent Epidermal Imagery (VTEI): On New Approaches to In Vivo Wireless High-Definition Video and Image Processing

This work first overviews a novel design, and prototype implementation, of a virtually transparent epidermal imagery (VTEI) system for laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery. The system uses a network of multiple, micro-cameras and multiview mosaicking to obtain a panoramic view of the surgery area. The prototype VTEI system also projects the generated panoramic view on the abdomen area to create a transparent display effect that mimics equivalent, but higher risk, open-cavity surgeries. The specific research focus of this paper is on two important aspects of a VTEI system: 1) in vivo wireless high-definition (HD) video transmission and 2) multi-image processing-both of which play key roles in next-generation systems. For transmission and reception, this paper proposes a theoretical wireless communication scheme for high-definition video in situations that require extremely small-footprint image sensors and in zero-latency applications. In such situations the typical optimized metrics in communication schemes, such as power and data rate, are far less important than latency and hardware footprint that absolutely preclude their use if not satisfied. This work proposes the use of a novel Frequency-Modulated Voltage-Division Multiplexing (FM-VDM) scheme where sensor data is kept analog and transmitted via “voltage-multiplexed” signals that are also frequency-modulated. Once images are received, a novel Homographic Image Mosaicking and Morphing (HIMM) algorithm is proposed to stitch images from respective cameras, that also compensates for irregular surfaces in real-time, into a single cohesive view of the surgical area. In VTEI, this view is then visible to the surgeon directly on the patient to give an “open cavity” feel to laparoscopic procedures.
Effect of Gynoecium Excision on Auxin-mediated Promotion of Petal Senescence in Cut Carnation Flowers

Summary Uptake of moderate concentrations of auxin results in promotion of ethylene synthesis and petal senescence in cut carnation flowers. Within a particular concentration range of auxin, removal of gynoecium at harvest results in suppression of auxin-promoted ethylene synthesis and petal senescence. Since excision of only the styles causes partial suppression of the auxin effect, the ovary is probably the major site of auxin action resulting in petal senescence.
Deconstructing the Genome with Cinema

Evidence from language, history and form suggest an analogy between the cinema and the genome. The author describes some of the relationships between cinema and the genome and points to opportunities for discovering unmarked categories within the genome and new methods of representation. This is accomplished by evaluating existing metaphors presented for the understanding of genetics and revealing how current scientific understanding and social concerns suggest a cinematic alternative. The formal principles of function, difference and development mediate discussion and serve as heuristics for investigating creative opportunities. ARTSCIENCE: THE ESSENTIAL CONNECTION
Neural proliferation in the dorsal root ganglia of the adult rat following capsaicin-induced neuronal death

Glial proliferation is a major component of the nervous system's response to injury. In addition to glial proliferation, injury may induce neuronal proliferation in areas of the adult nervous system not considered neurogenic. We have previously reported increased neural proliferation within adult nodose ganglia following capsaicin-induced neuronal death. However, proliferation within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) remains to be characterized. We hypothesized that capsaicin-induced neuronal death would increase proliferation of satellite glial cells (SGCs) within the DRG. To test this hypothesis, 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats received a neurotoxic dose of capsaicin, and proliferation was quantified and characterized at multiple time points thereafter. Proliferation of satellite glial cells expressing the progenitor cell marker nestin was increased at 1 and 3 days following capsaicin administration as shown by BrdU incorporation. In addition to SGCs was a large population of proliferating resident macrophages, as shown by retrovirally mediated expression of GFP. SGC proliferation at these early time points was followed by recovery of neuronal numbers after a loss of 40% of the neuronal population in the DRG. This recovery in neuronal number correlated with recovery of function as shown by paw withdrawal from a noxious heat source. Further understanding of the role that glial proliferation plays in the recovery of neuronal numbers and function may lead to the development of therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative conditions.
Use of micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors to control aberrations in optical systems: theoretical and experimental results

Micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors (MEM-DMs) are solid-state electronic devices with small, movable reflective surface elements that can be used to manipulate the phase of optical wavefronts. MEM-DMs differ from more conventional continuous-facesheet deformable mirrors in that the movable surface of a MEM-DM consists of a set of segmented moving surfaces. The segmented, reflective surfaces of a MEM-DM give rise to larger diffraction effects than those provided by continuous-facesheet deformable mirrors. However, MEM-DMs are still attractive due to their low cost and the low drive voltages. We explore the theoretical limits of performance of MEM-DMs for controlling fixed aberrations in optical systems, and we present laboratory results demonstrating reduction of a fixed aberration using a MEM-DM device. Results presented here show that while a MEM-DM does provide some degree of aberration control, diffraction effects arising from the static support structures of the MEM-DM surface are significant. An alternative design that uses a lenslet array in conjunction with the MEM-DM is shown through theoretical studies to provide superior aberration correction with lower residual effects due to diffraction.
LONG-TERM ANALYSIS OF CHARLIE'S POND: FECUNDITY AND TREMATODE COMMUNITIES OF HELISOMA ANCEPS

Charlie's Pond (North Carolina) harbors a diverse community of trematodes that infect the planorbid snail Helisoma anceps. Research at the Pond began in 1984 and serves as a foundation on which to investigate long-term changes in trematode communities. In 2002, 2005, and 2006 average size and fecundity of H. anceps were calculated each month, and seasonal trends analyzed with randomization tests. Concomitantly, trematode infections were recorded, and the community composition compared to those from previous studies. Helisoma anceps in 2002, 2005, and 2006 were smaller and less fecund than snails in 1984. The trematode community was consistently diverse, with 11 species recovered in 2006 versus 7 in 1984. However, the prevalence of Halipegus occidualis was much lower than previously observed (60% in 1984) and never exceeded 20% during the latter years. The decline of emergent vegetation is likely contributing to these changes. Aquatic macrophytes increase the surface area for growth of periphyton, the food source of these snails. Limited food supplies result in lower snail growth rates and fecundity. Similarly, emergent vegetation creates foci of transmission for H. occidualis between the frog definitive host and the snail intermediate host. When these areas are lost from the Pond, probability of transmission is reduced, and prevalence in the snail declines.
Multiple forms of Rhizopus oligosporus protease.

Abstract Extracellular proteases of Rhizopus oligosporus have been purified and separated into five active fractions (A–E) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, or diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography. All fractions showed single bands on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Preliminary characterization studies showed that the enzymes respond similarly to inhibitors and have the same pH stabilities. However, consistent differences in pH optima, temperature optima, and ratio of casein digestion to milk-clotting activity were found between two groups consisting of Fractions A, B, C and Fractions D, E. Crystalline enzymes were obtained from Fractions A and B.
The probability and magnitude of information events

Abstract Models of adverse selection risk generally assume that market makers offset expected losses to informed traders with expected gains from the uninformed. We recognize that the expected loss captures a combination of two effects: (1) the probability that some traders have private information, and (2) the likely magnitude of that information. We use a maximum-likelihood approach to separately estimate the probability and magnitude of private information events for NYSE-listed stocks from 1993 through 2003. The results shed light on the price discovery process and have implications for many areas of finance.
Vertical distribution and longevity of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae in a moist tropical grass environment in Puerto Rico.

Vertical distribution, aggregation behavior, and longevity of larvae of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) were studied in hollow nylon mesh cylinders (85.1 by 2.54 cm), in smaller tubes (8 by 2.5 cm) at 0, 15.24, and 66 cm, and on guineagrass ( Panicum maximum Jacq.) plants in open shadehouses in Puerto Rico. The maximum period of larval longevity from egg eclosion to death at 0, 15.24 cm, 66 cm, free in cylinders, and free on plants was 58, 85, 90, 78, and 130 d, respectively. Vertical distribution of larvae free in cylinders ranged from 0 to 85.1 cm, with most observed in small aggregations between 15 and 85.1 cm. Before larval death, the number of aggregations and the number of larvae in each aggregation declined from a mean of 8 and 75 to 1 with 12 larvae.
A novel objective method for deceased donor and recipient size matching in liver transplantation.

Although the consequences of implantation of a large whole liver graft into a small recipient such as compression and compromise of graft perfusion are well known, no accepted measure to aid in donor-to-recipient size matching exists. Donor liver graft and recipient native liver weights as well as donor and recipient size and amount of ascites were investigated in 1953 patients who underwent liver transplantation using deceased donor grafts between January 2002 and July 2013. We used a previously described formula for liver resections (standardized total liver volume [sTLV] = -794.41 + 1267.28 × body surface area [m(2)]) for calculating sTLV, in the current cohort of deceased liver donors. Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and graft survival were the primary outcome measures. The formula for calculating sTLV for liver resections was validated as an accurate predictor of liver volume in the current cohort of deceased liver donors (r(2) = 0.45; P < 0.001). A cutoff point of sTLV ratio ≥ 1.25 was determined through receiver operating characteristic curves, and patients were dichotomized into 2 groups. In the sTLV ratio ≥ 1.25 group, 50% of patients developed EAD compared to 25% of patients in the sTLV ratio < 1.25 group (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients developing graft failure within 90 days was 9.6% in the sTLV ratio ≥ 1.25 group and 5.4% in the sTLV ratio < 1.25 group (P = 0.045). This study validates the use of the sTLV for prediction of actual donor liver weight in the transplant setting. Using this formula, donors with a calculated sTLV size ratio ≥ 1.25 have an increased risk of EAD and therefore caution should be used when that value is exceeded. This adjusted size ratio can be used as a decision aid when considering donor and recipient matching with potential liver organ offers.
Serum autoantibodies in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia and in nondemented control subjects.

In this study we sought to evaluate the clinical significance of serum autoantibodies to dementing processes.We assessed 40 age-matched subjects: 10 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 10 with possible Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease, 10 with vascular dementia, and 10 nondemented control subjects. Serum from each subject was tested for the presence of antithyroglobulin antibody, thyroid antimicrosomal antibody, gastric anti-parietal cell antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, antineuronal antibody, and anticardiolipin antibody. In addition, we investigated the sera of these patients for the presence of an antivascular antibody directed against the vascular basement membrane proteoglycan antigen and for circulating immune complexes.Autoantibodies were present in 100% of the patients with possible Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease, 80% of those with vascular dementia, 40% of those with probable Alzheimer's disease, and 30% of t...
Circulation Policies in Academic Medical Libraries: A Comparative Study of Allocation Strategies, Demographic Analysis, Service Offerings, and Implications for Practice

The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of current academic medical library circulation polices and examine methods libraries utilize to meet patron needs. Key informants were selected from five states. Statistics regarding financial practices, users, services, space access, and circulation practices were collected via survey instrument. Findings were analyzed to identify current services and differences in practice. Circulation practices among academic medical libraries vary, but common trends exist. Further study should compare strategies and policies in academic medical libraries with practices in other types of academic libraries to enhance service development and identify unique variables.
3D+2DTV: 3D displays with no ghosting for viewers without glasses

3D displays are increasingly popular in consumer and commercial applications. Many such displays show 3D images to viewers wearing special glasses, while showing an incomprehensible double image to viewers without glasses. We demonstrate a simple method that provides those with glasses a 3D experience, while viewers without glasses see a 2D image without artifacts.In addition to separate left and right images in each frame, we add a third image, invisible to those with glasses. In the combined view seen by those without glasses, this cancels the right image, leaving only the left.If the left and right images are of equal brightness, this approach results in low contrast for viewers without glasses. Allowing differential brightness between the left and right images improves 2D contrast. We observe experimentally that: (1) viewers without glasses prefer our 3Dp2DTV to a standard 3DTV, (2) viewers with glasses maintain a strong 3D percept, even when one eye is significantly darker than the other, and (3) sequential-stereo display viewers with glasses experience a depth illusion caused by the Pulfrich effect, but it is small and innocuous.Our technique is applicable to displays using either active shutter glasses or passive glasses. Our prototype uses active shutter glasses and a polarizer.
Cromolyn does not modulate human allergic skin reactions in vivo

Abstract Cromolyn pretreatment frequently reduces antigen inhalation-induced bronchospasm possibly by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and mediator release. However, the local effects of cromolyn on type I hypersensitivity skin reactions are not well understood. We studied the effect of local cromolyn on antigen-induced skin reaction, histamine release, cellular inflammatory response, and ultramicroscopic changes of mast cells in 10 ragweed-sensitized subjects. Results showed that cromolyn 2% (nonirritant dose) does not modulate ragweed-induced skin whealing response, histamine release, and ultramicroscopic changes of must cells. Thus, unlike the situation in the tracheobronchial tree, allergic skin reactions and associated events are not inhibited by local cromolyn application.
Statistical feature extraction and selection for IC test pattern analysis

Complexity reduction and automatic test point selection are discussed in the context of statistical pattern classification. Different types of feedforward neural networks capable of IC fault diagnosis are examined. To reduce diagnostic complexity, principal component analysis (PCA) and full stepwise feature selection are employed to reduce network input dimension without sacrificing accuracy. For fault analysis purposes, it seems that feature selection by stepwise variable selection appears much more useful than feature extraction by PCA, since the latter requires that all original test measurements be made while the former helps eliminate redundant measurements. >
Favorable Prognosis for Patients 12 to 18 Months of Age With Stage 4 Nonamplified MYCN Neuroblastoma: A Children's Cancer Group Study

Purpose The long-term survival of children between age 12 and 24 months with stage 4 neuroblastoma and nonamplified MYCN (MYCN-NA) has not been defined previously. Patients and Methods Survival for stage 4 MYCN-NA neuroblastoma patients enrolled onto Children's Cancer Group (CCG) protocols 321P2 (1986 to 1991) and 3891 (1991 to 1996) was analyzed. Treatment consisted of intensive alkylator-based induction chemotherapy with or without autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) with or without 13 cis-retinoic acid. Survival was analyzed by age strata less than 12, 12 to 18, 18 to 24, and more than 24 months at diagnosis. Patients younger than 12 months were treated on the moderate-intensity CCG protocol 3881. Results Forty-three patients with stage 4 MYCN-NA disease enrolled onto CCG-321P2 (n = 17) or CCG-3891 (n = 26) were between 12 and 24 months of age at diagnosis. After a median follow-up of 94 months (range, 4 to 140 months), the 6-year event-free survival (EFS) for the 12- to 18-month age group wa...
Governing their commons: Elinor and Vincent Ostrom and the Bloomington School

Elinor (Lin) and Vincent Ostrom spent their lives creating a school of institutional analysis that focused on the power of human creativity to solve collective human dilemmas. The Ostroms used the abstract methods and language of public choice theory, but their appreciation of human capability and self-governing kept them solidly grounded in real world decision-making. This belief led to their rich analytic approach to understanding human institutional design, which combined theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments, and empirical fieldwork. This essay identifies the major themes that formed the Bloomington School—the importance of constitutional design and self-governance, federalism and polycentric orders, the challenge of institutional design to solve social dilemmas, the importance of using multiple approaches (analytic, laboratory experiments, and careful field work) to understand important social problems., and a personal examination of the Ostrom’s lasting impact for public choice and public policy. Lin’s and Vincent’s lives and their academic careers came together to create their significant contributions. Observing how they collaborated and inspired students and colleagues provides a model for generations of scholars.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF PASSIVELY TRANSFERRED RESISTANCE TO SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IN THE SNAIL INTERMEDIATE HOST BIOMPHALARIA GLABRATA

A heat-labile plasma factor from genetically resistant 10-R2 Biomphalaria glabrata snails confers passively transferred resistance (PTR) to Schistosoma mansoni when injected into susceptible snails within 24-hr of exposure to miracidia. However, no additional details on PTR have emerged since the initial 1984 report, nor has the plasma resistance factor been characterized. In the present study, new information is provided on the occurrence of resistance factor in plasma of additional types of snails, effect of “priming” resistant plasma donors by prior exposure to miracidia, duration of PTR, molecular weight of resistance factor, and fate of sporocysts in snails with PTR. Susceptible NIH albino snails injected 24 hr prior to exposure to miracidia with individual samples of plasma from a different strain (Salvador B. glabrata) or a different species (B. obstructa) of nonsusceptible snail displayed infection prevalences of 49% or 59% of control levels, respectively, whereas injections of homologous plasma h...
Corrupting Conversations with the Marquis de Sade: On Education, Gender, and Sexuality

In this essay, the author joins a conversation started by Martin (Reclaiming the conversation: the ideal of the educated woman. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1985) regarding gender and education seeking to extend the conversation to address sexuality. To do so, the author brings a reading of the Marquis de Sade to challenge the emphasis on reproduction in education as it relates to gendered and sexual norms. The author, following Martin’s approach in Reclaiming the Conversation, reads one particular text of Sade’s—Philosophy in the Bedroom—to argue for queer possibilities that Sade brings to the conversation around gender and sexuality within twenty-first century education. The Marquis de Sade may viscerally seem an inappropriate choice to return to and use to join the conversation, but his novelic imagination incites complications in the conversation. Following in the footsteps of Martin’s re-reading of historic philosophical texts the author offers not only another layer of thinking about “female education,” but also opens up space for engaging gender and sexuality in the history and philosophy of education. As issues around gender and sexed bodies become ever more present and contested in educational discourses, does Sade continue the conversation in ways that corrupt the reproductive aims of education?
DIURNAL EVAPORATION FROM FRESH AND HYPERSALINE SHALLOW PONDS IN A HOT, DRY ENVIRONMENT

A numerical procedure is developed to evaluate the diurnal trend of evaporation from a shallow freshwater pond and a hypersaline pond, both of which are 2 m deep and encountering identical meteorological forcings. Evaporation from both water bodies is calculated using Penman-Brutsaert formulation in which atmospheric buoyancy is calculated based on the semi-empirical theory of Monin-Obukhov formulation. A new iterative procedure is presented in this paper to solve for the water temperature. The present model attains a rapid convergence and compares favorably with temperature and evaporation observations obtained for a hypersaline pond and deep sunken pans. Calculations show that the average daily evaporation rates from the hypersaline pond during January and July are 0.5 and 6.4 mm day-1. Corresponding values for the freshwater pond are 2.4 and 10.45 mm day-1, respectively. Salinity suppresses evaporation strongly during winter because of its coupling effects on net radiation and saturation vapor pressure...
The “Grace of the Absurd”; Form and Concept in W. H. Auden's For the Time Being

In the world of English Christian poetry the co-ordinates by which we usually map our position are Dante and Milton. Any serious, inclusive religious poem, that is, one in which the Christian matter is presented in devotional mode with prophetic intent, will, ultimately, exhibit a more significant inherent relationship either to the Divine Comedy or to Paradise Lost . T. S. Eliot, clearly, was Dantesque, and though the story of his ambivalent Miltonism is no longer even a smouldering issue, it still speaks cogently to the point of his anti-Miltonic sensibility. Auden, however, was atypical in that though he talked much about Dante, when it came down to cases he wrote more like Milton. And in For the Time Being he faced a problem very similar to the one Milton faced in Paradise Lost . What Puritanism was to Paradise Lost , Existentialism was to For the Time Being , enormously complicating the devotionalism, but simultaneously dramatizing and humanizing it.
Concurrent Immunotherapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases Is Associated With a Decreased Incidence of New Intracranial Metastases

Purpose/Objective(s): Radiation is hypothesized to potentiate the efficacy of the immune response to tumor cells. Here, we aim to retrospectively characterize the treatment effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in a cohort of patients with intracranial metastases. Specifically we examined intracranial disease progression following radiation with and without concurrent immunotherapy. Materials/Methods: We identified metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metastatic melanoma patients who had intracranial metastases treated with radiation. Radiation treatments consisted of WBRT or SRS at a single institution from 2011-2014. We retrospectively reviewed patient demographics, pathology, oncologic treatment course, and radiographic imaging. Patients were defined as having concurrent immunotherapy if a cycle of Ipilimumab or Nivolumab was given within thirty days pre or post-radiation. Progression free survival (PFS) was defined from date of intracranial radiation to intracranial progression and overall survival (OS) was defined from date of intracranial radiation to date of death. Patients were categorized as having no intracranial progression, local progression within the treatment field, and/or new metastatic disease. The absolute number of new intracranial metastases was recorded following RT. Data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, unpaired two-tailed t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: We included 74 adults with metastatic melanoma (nZ51) or NSCLC (nZ23) treated for intracranial metastases with SRS (nZ46) or WBRT (nZ28). In total 23 patients were treated with Ipilimumab or Nivolumab and 17 of these patients were treated concurrently with radiation. PFS and OS for this cohort was a median of 15 months (range:1-51 mo) and 27 months (range:6-76mo). At the time of intracranial progression, 93%of SRS patients who received SRS alone had new intracranial metastases compared to 53% in patients who received concurrent immunotherapy (pZ0.0006, OR 17.14, 95% CI:2.97-99.1). SRS patients who did not receive concurrent immunotherapy had a mean of 7 (range 0-35, SEM 1.49) subsequent brain metastases compared to amean of 1 (range 0-5, SEMZ0.43) in patients who received concurrent immunotherapy (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The use of intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery with concurrent immunotherapy was associated with a decrease in the incidence and burden of new sites of intracranial disease. Although SRS is a local treatment modality, these findings suggest a potential abscopal effect when SRS for brain metastases is used in conjunction with immunotherapy. Author Disclosure: L. Chen: None. J. Douglass: None. A.J. Walker: None. A.E. Marciscano: None. M. Lim: None. L.R. Kleinberg: None. P. Forde: None. T.R. McNutt: None. K.J. Redmond: None.
Live Interactive Computer Music in HMSL, 1984-1992

This is a historical document of my work with live interactive computers and performers in the computer music language Hierarchical Music Specification Language (HMSL) from 1984 to 1992. In this article, I describe eight pieces that were experiments in live interactive computer music, each of which was performed at least several times. The pieces described here are: n'iw~ar (B'rey'sheet); 17 Simple Melodies of the Same Length; Simple Actions; Cocks crow ...; Horn; 3 Studies ...; Slippers of Steel ...; and The World's Longest Melody. Recent commercial and user-friendly real-time object-oriented music programming environments like the popular Max have helped to make interactive environments more accessible. I hope that the descriptions of my earlier works in this article will give composers and performers ideas for possible experimentation.
An Analysis of Three New Genera of Neotropical Blissinae (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

The significance of fore femoral spines in classification of Blissinae is discussed. New taxa are: EXTARADEMUS collaroides, E. humerus, E. mundus, E. tumorosis, E. tylosis, PROCELLADEMUS consobrinus, P. venenatus, RETICULATODEMUS calcar, R. nitidus, R. orbiculatus, and R. umbrosus . Redescriptions and generic reassignments are given for Ischnodemus macer Van Duzee, I. discalis Barber, and I. collaris Signoret. The text includes 52 figures of anatomical details.
Physicians in Dual-Career Marriages: Nurturing Their Relationships

The context of the lives of physicians has unique and challenging features for those in dual-career marriages. The empirical investigation of this phenomenon has remained relatively sparse. This st...
Abstract 4362: RBM3 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell expansion through activation of Notch-1 signaling

Cancers are heterogeneous population of cells, a minor portion of which exhibit stem-like characteristics. Recent evidence suggests that these Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor behavior. Recently, we reported that RNA binding protein RBM3 is overexpressed in various tumors of epithelial origin and downregulating its expression results in inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, RBM3 affects the proliferation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell. Overexpression of RBM3 induces NIH-3T3 cells to transform and grow in an anchorage independent manner, and form tumors in athymic nude mice suggesting RBM3 is a proto-oncogene. Given these observations, we sought to determine whether RBM3 expression affects CSCs in solid tumors and its function in tumor initiation and/or metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that Doublecortin like Kinase-I (DCAMKL-1/DCLK1), a microtubule-associated kinase is a marker of quiescent intestinal stem cells. Immunohistochemical analyses of the NIH3T3-RBM3 tumors demonstrated an increase in the number of DCLK-1+ stem cells. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we were able to isolate these DCLK-1+ stem cells from the bulk of the tumor and grow them in tissue culture dishes. We have named these cells as RNA binding protein-Induced Cancer Stem Cells (RICSCs). We next determined the stemness of the DCLK-1+ RICSCs. For this, we performed serial dilutions of the RICSCs starting at 10,000 cells and injected them into the flanks of nude mice. Even when 500 cells were injected, a primary tumor was observed at about 10 weeks; the histological analysis of the tissues revealing metastatic lesions in the lung, liver, bone and spleen. Recent studies with mammary and neuroectodermal tumors have suggested that inappropriate Notch activation promotes self-renewal and transformation of progenitor cells. We observed that there was a significant upregulation of activated Notch-1 expression in the NIH-3T3-RBM3 RICSCs. Inhibition of Notch-1 with a specific inhibitor, DAPT resulted in the arrest of RICSC-mediated tumor growth in nude mice. These data demonstrate that Notch signaling is essential for self-renewal in stem cells thereby affecting tumor growth. Taken together, these data imply that overexpression of RBM3 results in increased dedifferentiation into cancer stem cells that have an aggressive metastatic phenotype. These CSCs have great potentials for aiding in our understanding of oncogenesis and metastatic cascades. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4362. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4362
Arterial anatomy of the talus: a cadaver and gadolinium-enhanced MRI study.

Background: Avascular necrosis following a fracture of the talar neck may be secondary to the injury itself, or may result from the surgical approach and exposure during treatment. We sought to def...
The strategy of the genes

First published in 1957, this essential classic work bridged the gap between analytical and theoretical biology, thus setting the insights of the former in a context which more sensitively reflects the ambiguities surrounding many of its core concepts and objectives. Specifically, these five essays are concerned with some of the major problems of classical biology: the precise character of biological organisation, the processes which generate it, and the specifics of evolution. With regard to these issues, some thinkers suggest that biological organisms are not merely distinguishable from inanimate ‘things’ in terms of complexity, but are in fact radically different qualitatively: they exemplify some constitutive principle which is not elsewhere manifested. It is the desire to bring such ideas into conformity with our understanding of analytical biology which unifies these essays. They explore the contours of a conceptual framework sufficiently wide to embrace all aspects of living systems.
Deficits in Quadriceps Strength and Patient-Oriented Outcomes at Return to Activity After ACL Reconstruction: A Review of the Current Literature

Context:Side-to-side quadriceps strength deficits are linked to hazardous lower extremity mechanics and reduced function at a time when individuals are returned to activity after anterior cruciate ...
Oxadiazoles Have Butyrate-Specific Conditional Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global pathogen of huge importance which can adapt to several host niche environments in which carbon source availability is likely to vary. We developed and ran a phenotypic screen using butyrate as the sole carbon source to be more reflective of the host lung environment. We screened a library of ∼87,000 small compounds and identified compounds which demonstrated good antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis grown with butyrate but not with glucose as the carbon source. Among the hits, we identified an oxadiazole series (six compounds) which had specific activity against M. tuberculosis but which lacked cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.
Principals and School Counselors: Separate Entities in Identifying Achievement Gaps in College Readiness for African American Students With Disabilities.

This case illustrates an example of how one school relied solely on aggregate data and failed to address the college readiness needs of African American students with disabilities. However, the way...
Control of Prostate Cancer with Radiotherapy: Long-Term Results

The long-term outcome for 1,245 patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with external beam radiation therapy is presented. The median survival for all patients without evidence of distant metastases but irrespective of T stage of the primary tumor, histopathological grade or lymph node status was 10 years compared to 15 years for an age-matched cohort of California men. The cause specific survival at 15 years was 52%. The data base is subdivided into a series of subsets that demonstrate the impact of T stage, Gleason pattern score and lymph node involvement on long-term outcome. The best results were shown in stages T1 and T2a cases with histopathologically proved negative lymph nodes. Survival at 15 years was 53%, which was essentially identical to the 55% survival rate of an age-matched cohort. The actuarial survival at 15 years for all stages T1 and T2N0M0 cancer patients was 45% compared to 56% for an age-matched cohort.
Electron-impact ionization of W 27 +

Electron-impact ionization cross sections for ${\mathrm{W}}^{27+}$ are calculated using a semirelativistic configuration-average distorted-wave (CADW) method. Calculations for direct ionization, excitation autoionization, and branching ratios are compared with recent calculations by Jonauskas et al. [Phys. Rev. A 91, 012715 (2015)], who used fully relativistic subconfiguration-average distorted-wave (SCADW) and level-to-level distorted-wave (LLDW) methods. Reasonable agreement is found between the CADW and the recent LLDW calculations for direct ionization of the $4l(l=0\char21{}1,3)$ subshells, but not the $4d$ subshell, and between the CADW and recent SCADW-LLDW calculations for excitation autoionization of the $4l(l=0\char21{}2)$ subshells. Reasonable agreement is also found between the CADW and the recent SCADW calculations, including branching ratios, but both differ from the recent LLDW calculations. Additional CADW calculations are made for excitation autoionization, including branching ratios involving the important $3l(l=1\char21{}2)$ subshells, not examined by Jonauskas et al. [Phys. Rev. A 91, 012715 (2015)].
The importance of point of view

(1975). The importance of point of view. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 34-39.
Association of ultrasound-based measures of fetal body composition with newborn adiposity

SummaryBackground Newborns exhibit substantial variation in gestational age-adjusted and sex-adjusted fat mass proportion. The antecedent characteristics of fetal body composition that are associated with newborn fat mass proportion are poorly understood. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether a composite measure of fetal fat mass is prospectively associated with newborn adiposity. Methods In a longitudinal study of 109 low-risk pregnancies, fetal ultrasonography was performed at approximately 12, 20 and 30 weeks gestation. Estimated fetal adiposity (EFA) was derived by integrating cross-sectional arm and thigh per cent fat area and anterior abdominal wall thickness. Newborn per cent body fat was quantified by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. The association between EFA and newborn per cent body fat was determined by multiple linear regression. Results After controlling for confounding factors, EFA at 30 weeks was significantly associated with newborn per cent body fat (standardized β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and explained 24.0% of its variance, which was substantially higher than that explained by estimated fetal weight (8.1%). The observed effect was driven primarily by arm per cent fat area. Conclusions A composite measure of fetal adiposity at 30 weeks gestation may constitute a better predictor of newborn per cent body fat than estimated fetal weight by conventional fetal biometry. Fetal arm fat deposition may represent an early indicator of newborn adiposity. After replication, these findings may provide a basis for an improved understanding of the ontogeny of fetal fat deposition, thereby contributing to a better understanding of its intrauterine determinants and the development of potential interventions.