cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of isolation and of fighting on adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activities in three strains of mice.

Mice (BALB/C or NIH, C57 BR/cdJ and A/HeJ) were isolated for 2 weeks then exposed to another mouse for 10 min daily for 1 week. Isolated, unexposed and grouped controls were also studied. Aggression, defined as stereotyped attack behavior, was produced only in the NIH mice which were subsequently used as aggressors. When attacked, the victims, C57 BR/cdJ mice defended themselves whereas A/HeJ mice remained submissive.
Comparison of Self-Sensing Techniques for Mercury Vapor Detection Using Piezoelectric Microcantilevers

Self-sensing piezoelectric microcantilevers do not require alignment of external optics, use very little power and are well suited to array applications. We demonstrate a commercially available, piezoelectric cantilever as a mercury vapor detector. The cantilever is an atomic force microscopy cantilever with self-sensing and self-actuating capabilities. In the first detection technique, adsorption-induced bending, caused by mercury adsorption onto gold on the cantilever, is measured by bringing the resonating cantilever into intermittent contact with a reference surface. Cantilever bending causes changes in its oscillatory amplitude, detected using the voltage output of the piezoelectric film, and a piezotube in feedback is adjusted to compensate. A 50 ppb mercury concentration in nitrogen gas was detected. The second technique capitalizes on the stiffening effect adsorbed gold has on the cantilever; natural frequency changes are detected with the piezoelectric cantilever in conjunction with a bridge circuit and amplifier. A mercury concentration of 93 ppb in nitrogen is detected. These techniques are discussed and compared. Additionally, consideration is given to the effect of the location and size of the gold-adsorption pad on sensitivity.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Techniques for improving the performance of sparse matrix factorization on multiprocessor workstations

In this paper we study the problem of factoring large sparse systems of equations on high-performance multiprocessor workstations. While these multiprocessor workstations are capable of very high peak floating point computation rates, most existing sparse factorization codes achieve only a small fraction of this potential. A major limiting factor is the cost of performing memory accesses. In this paper, we describe a parallel factorization code which utilizes the supernodal structure of the matrix to substantially reduce the number of memory references. We also propose enhancements that significantly reduce the overall cache miss rate. The result is greatly increased factorization performance. We present experimental results from executions on the Silicon Graphics 4D/380 multiprocessor. Using eight processors, the parallel supernodal code achieves a computation rate of approximately 40 MFLOPS when factoring a range of benchmark matrices. This is more than twice as fast as previously used parallel nodal approaches.
Adaptive Bit Rate capable video caching and scheduling

Adaptive Bit Rate Streaming (ABR) has become a popular video delivery technique, credited to improving the quality of delivered video on wireless networks. At the same time, recent research has shown video caching in the Radio Access Network (RAN) can be a promising way to increase capacity of the network while reducing video latency and improving video quality of experience. In this work, we investigate the opportunities and challenges of combining the advantages of ABR streaming and RAN caching to maximize the video capacity of wireless networks. Since with ABR, each video is divided into multiple segments, chunks, and each chunk can be requested at different bit rates, the caching requirements are very different and challenging; a cache hit will require not only the presence of a specific video chunk, but also the availability of the desired bit rate. One way to solve this problem is to cache all variants of a video, but this approach may significantly increase storage and backhaul requirements or reduce the number of unique videos that can be cached. In this paper, we introduce a framework consisting of rate adaptation algorithm, video caching and processing within the wireless cloud, with the aim to improve video capacity of the wireless network and satisfy or exceed QoE of each video request. To achieve this goal, we propose a new ABR algorithm, along with an ABR aware Least Recently Used (LRU) caching policy with Processing (ABRLRU-P) to support caching of video chunks with different bit rates. Using our MATLAB statistical simulation framework, we demonstrate a capacity improvement of up to 83% when ABR is used with RAN caching and processing using the ABR-LRU-P policy compared with using no RAN caching and video processing. Further, using ABR along with ABRLRU-P caching policy can improve the capacity by 68% compared with using ABR and a straightforward static LRU caching policy which fetches all video bit rate versions of a video chunk upon a cache miss.
Fast adaptation in the mammalian cochlea: a conserved mechanism for cochlear amplification.

In fish and amphibians, auditory cells use a rapid channel reclosure mechanism to amplify and discriminate sound stimuli. New evidence from Kennedy et. al. suggests that mammalian outer hair cells also use a similar form of fast adaptation.
Face Recognition by Spatiotemporal ICA Using Facial Database Collected by AcSys FRS Discover System

In this paper we proposed a joint spatial and temporal ICA method for face recognition, and compared the performances of different ICA approaches (spatiotemporal ICA and spatial ICA). In our study, two face datasets collected by AcSys FRS Discovery system were used. One face dataset involves less variation in terms of face expression and head movement, while the other encompasses much more change. The experimental results led to the following conclusions: 1) The number of features affects the recognition rate; 2) Spatiotemporal ICA outperforms spatial ICA in every scenarios; 3) The type of classifier is also a fact that affects the recognition rate. These findings justify the promise of spatiotemporal ICA for face recognition.
Pheochromocytoma and Obesity

ABSTRACT More than one third of 22 pheochromocytoma patients were 10% or more overweight. Half of these were frankly obese. With one exception, all the overweight patients were usually normotensive, with superimposed paroxysms of hypertension. In contrast, 9 of the 14 normal or underweight patients with this tumor were persistently hypertensive. There were no differences between the overweight normotensive and normal weight hypertensive subjects with respect to chief complaint, troublesome symptoms, other physical findings or laboratory data.
The Normative Aging Study: An Interdisciplinary and Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging

The Normative Aging Study is a comprehensive interdisciplinary longitudinal study located in the VA Outpatient Clinic in Boston, Mass. The study was inaugurated in 1963 by the VA because of its statutory responsibility for the medical care of 25 million war veterans of whom 2 million are now 65 years of age and over, a figure which will rise to over 7 million in the next 20 years. Approximately 2,000 male veterans are enrolled for their lifetime as research subjects and undergo recurrent examinations administered on an outpatient basis. The focus of the study is on non-pathological aging, so that the subjects were carefully screened in advance to satisfy rigid health criteria regardless of age. The study is distinctive because of its large N and the socioeconomic diversity of its population. Parameters include clinical medicine, biochemistry, special senses, oral medicine, anthropometry and behavior. The study is designed to investigate the relationship between normal aging and the natural history of chro...
Does delegation of fiscal policy to an independent agency make a difference? Evidence from intergovernmental transfers in India

Abstract One area of fiscal policy in which several countries have delegated responsibility to an independent agency is the distribution of national resource transfers across regional and local governments. Such delegation is expected to promote equity and efficiency, and mitigate distortions created by political incentives. This paper tests whether delegation to an independent agency indeed makes a difference by contrasting the impact of partisan politics on two types of fiscal transfers to states in the Indian federation over a period of time, 1972–1995. The pattern of evidence shows that, while the transfers that are determined by the central political executive are indeed distributed to favor particular states that are politically important for the central ruling party, the transfers that are delegated to an independent agency serve to constrain such partisan impact.
Transcription from plasmid expression vectors is increased up to 14-fold when plasmids are transfected as concatemers

A protocol for increasing transcription from plasmid expression vectors is presented. A vector containing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was digested leaving the transcription cassette intact. Heat inactivation of restriction enzymes followed by ligation of the digestion products yielded concatemers which migrated as a single band in agarose gel electrophoresis. Mouse fibroblasts transfected with the concatemers gave a CAT activity that was 14-fold greater than that of cells transfected with a similar mass (equimolar gene number) of the native plasmid. The effect was independent of promoter type, restriction enzyme, number of restriction sites and with a noted exception, cell line.
Recent advances in object-based image compression

Summary form only given. Image compression has progressed from pixel-level entropy coding to transform coding applied to fixed regions (e.g., JPEG-2K with rectangular blocks). Our interest is in substitutions applied to arbitrarily-shaped regions. For example, object-based compression (OBC) segments disjoint, contiguous image regions, and compactly approximates each region's boundary and content (e.g., represented by a codebook exemplar). When region boundaries closely approximate scene object boundaries, OBC resembles object recognition. Disadvantages include cost of segmentation and region boundary representation, and pixel- or object-level distortion in the decompressed image.
Inflammatory biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes: part III: biomarkers of oxidative stress and angiogenic growth factors.

he inflammatory etiology ofatherosclerosis has prompted asearch for biomarkers of in-flammation that predict risk for coro-nary artery disease and its sequelae.Within the acute coronary syndromes(ACS), inflammatory biomarkers mayprovide independent information re-garding pathophysiology, prognosis,and optimal therapeutic strategies.Based on the hypothesis that differentpathophysiological processes providenonoverlapping information regardingrisk stratification and disease manage-ment, this review series addresses bi-omarkers for each step in the inflam-matory process leading to ACS. Parts Iand II reviewed cytokines, acute-phasereactants, and biomarkers of endothe-lial cell activation; this part reviewsbiomarkers of oxidative stress and an-giogenesis; part IV addresses biomar-kers of extracellular matrix degrada-tion and platelet activation.
Effective Radio Partitioning and Efficient Queue Management Schemes in a Wireless Mesh Network

Interconnected Mesh Routers (MRs) constitute the backbone network of a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) that provides access service to the Mesh Clients (MCs) spread over a wider region. In such an environment, multi-radio and multichannel are utilized to improve the network performance. This paper introduces an effective radio partitioning scheme and a queue management strategy that provide a novel hybrid operating mode. Few radios are dynamically switched among the channels in forwarding the packets while the rests remain at the assigned channels. The radios are allowed to adaptively change so as to meet the traffic load at a MR. Queue management changes the sequence of forwarding packet by grouping the packets over the same channel so that the channel switching overhead and the packet delay are minimized. Extensive simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
A general method for evaluating outage probabilities using Pade approximations

Many different methods have been derived for evaluating the outage probability given fading, shadowing, or a combination of fading and shadowing, However, each of these methods imposes restrictions on the parameters or combination of fading and shadowing distributions. In this paper, we develop a general method to evaluate outage probabilities without restrictions based on Pade approximations (PAs). Results show that imposing restrictions on the channel model, such as the Ricean specular parameter, can lead to large errors in the outage probability. The PA method is applicable to both the forward link and the reverse link and is extremely efficient due to the use of residues or saddle point integration. Pade approximations allow the use of any fading or shadowing models given the moments of each distribution. In addition, this new method includes the effects of complex AWGN. For pico-cellular environments operating at low values of carrier SNR, we show that the noise provides a significant contribution to the outage probability.
Microprobe analysis of 60Co uptake in sand microcosm.

1. Microprobe analysis of fungal micro-communities in simple soil microcosms demonstrated the presence of several nutrient elements (Ca, K, P, S), and immobilization of the fission product 60Co in fungal spores.2. The importance of soil microbes in element cycling is discussed.3. The utility of the electron microprobe in providing more precise estimates of elements in microbes and their substrates is evaluated.
Residents' Perceptions of Tap Water and Decisions to Purchase Bottled Water: A Survey Analysis from the Appalachian, Big Sandy Coal Mining Region of West Virginia

In this exploratory effort, we examine the possible externalities associated with coal mine production and its ensuing effects on drinking water. Past experiences in the coal fields suggest that this has significant economic impacts on household budgets, with many residents choosing to buy bottled water rather than rely on their local tap water for consumption and household usage. Through an analysis of survey data, this study explores the relationship between resident perceptions of watershed pollution associated with coal mining, its perceived effects on drinking water quality, and decisions to purchase “store-bought” water (bottled water). While findings reveal an indirect association between perceived pollution impacts, perceived drinking water quality, and resident decisions to purchase bottled water, the most robust direct predictors of purchase are perceived tap water quality, the saliency of drinking water concerns, and trust/distrust in the local water treatment facility.
Drug Trafficking, Communication Networks, and Relational Frame Theory: A Commentary on Sanguinetti and Reyes

Skinner’s (1981) cultural selection involves the transmission of behavior across individuals based on its ability to improve one’s daily life. In the globalized information age of today, such transmission can occur with blinding speed through a variety of communication networks (e.g., the Internet, 24-hour news cycle, smart phones, etc…). One advantage is that our behavior can come under the control of increasing amounts of stimuli to which we may have no direct contact. In this way, the behavior of millions can be mobilized with a speed that was unthinkable just decades ago. For example, Mohamed Bouazizi’s recent self-immolation in Tunisia sparked the series of revolutions known as the Arab Spring (Abouzeid, 2011). Similarly, the current Occupy protests, which originated in New York, went global in less than a month (Occupy Wall Street, 2011). Both events are widely believed to have been facilitated by the Internet (O’Connell, 2011). On the other hand, as the environment becomes increasingly networked, the potential for environmental ambiguity increases through the transmission of inaccurate descriptions of contingencies. Such descriptions could serve to desensitize an individual’s behavior to particular features of the environment, which could impair the ability of the individual to function appropriately in a given set of circumstances (Houmanfar, Rodrigues, & Smith, 2009). This impairment provides the impetus for Sanguinetti and Reyes’ (2011) intriguing analysis of media content related to the Sinaloa drug cartel.
Constraint maintenance as a data model design criterion

The maintenance cost of database constraints is proposed as a data model design criterion. All previous design criteria are shown to be special cases of constraint maintenance. A human oriented design procedure based on this criterion is developed and shown to be applicable to a variety of data models including relational and functional. Human orientations is achieved by using natural deduction instead of resolution, simple heuristics instead of global optimisation, and a functional notation
Relapse and Recovery in Drug Abuse: Research and Practice

Relapse and recovery are two related areas which are central to drug abuse treatment research and practice. The view of drug addiction and dependence as a chronic, relapsing disease is supported by both research and clinical experience. Recent research shows that many drug abusers have relatively short "addiction careers" and suggests that a better understanding of relapse (and its prevention) may assist treatment providers in more effectively moving clients toward recovery.
Increased Placental Iron Regulatory Protein-1 Expression in Diabetic Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Iron Deficiency

Placental transferrin receptor (TfR) protein expression is increased in diabetic pregnancies that are complicated by low fetal iron stores, suggesting regulation of placental iron transport by fetoplacental iron status. In cell culture, iron homeostasis is regulated by coordinate stabilization of TfR mRNA and translation inactivation of ferritin mRNA by iron regulatory proteins (IRP-1 and -2) which bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) on the respective mRNAs. Concentrations of IRP-1, IRP-2 and TfR mRNA were measured in 10 placentae obtained from diabetic and non-diabetic human pregnancies with a wide range of fetoplacental iron status. IRP-1 activity was present in human placenta and correlated closely with TfR mRNA concentration (r=0.82; P=0.007). IRP-2 activity and protein were not detected. In a second experiment, placentae were collected from 12 diabetic pregnancies, six with low fetal cord serum ferritin and placental non-heme iron concentrations, and six with normal iron status. IRP-1 activity and TfR Bmax for diferric transferrin were greater in the iron-deficient group (P<0.05). IRP-1 activity correlated inversely with cord serum ferritin (r=0.75; P<0.01) and placental non-heme iron (r=0.61; P=0.05) concentration. Placental IRP-1 activity is directly related to TfR mRNA concentration and is more highly expressed in iron-deficient placentae. The study provides direct in vivo evidence for IRP regulation of TfR expression in the human placenta.
Mining Search Query Logs for Spoken Language Understanding

In a spoken dialog system that can handle natural conversation between a human and a machine, spoken language understanding (SLU) is a crucial component aiming at capturing the key semantic components of utterances. Building a robust SLU system is a challenging task due to variability in the usage of language, need for labeled data, and requirements to expand to new domains (movies, travel, finance, etc.). In this paper, we survey recent research on bootstrapping or improving SLU systems by using information mined or extracted from web search query logs, which include (natural language) queries entered by users as well as the links (web sites) they click on. We focus on learning methods that help unveiling hidden information in search query logs via implicit crowd-sourcing.
Men’s Mental Health and Masculinities

Individual and collective beliefs about masculinity define and profoundly affect men’s mental health. Both conformity to and psychological conflict with traditional masculine gender role expectations are associated with a wide range of health behaviors and poor health outcomes among men. These relations are likely to be especially pronounced in organizational settings that are highly gendered and structured by traditional masculine role norms (e.g., toughness, violence, homophobia, etc.), such as prisons. Knowledge about the psychology of men and diverse masculinities should inform the development of effective mental health services and social interventions.
Water Stress and Osmotic Adjustment during Post-digging Acclimatization of Quercus virginiana Produced in Fabric Containers

Abstract Quercus virginiana Mill. (live oak) trees produced in in-ground 61 cm (24 in) diameter fabric containers were overhead misted and given root ball irrigation after harvesting during early summer. Duration and frequency of overhead misting was reduced to zero over a 3 week period. Water potentials (ΨT) were measured diurnally and osmotic potentials measured from leaves at midday. Intermittent overhead misting was as effective as continuous overhead misting in maintenance of ΨT above −1.0 MPa. Water potentials of −1.5 to −2.0 MPa were measured when the period between overhead misting was expanded from 30 min to 45 min. Osmotic adjustment occurred only in trees receiving overhead misting. Trees receiving only root ball irrigation developed ΨT below −2.5 MPa within 5 days after harvesting. After 3 weeks, ΨT and osmotic potentials were the same for all treatments. In a second experiment, trees were root pruned inside the fabric container 11 weeks before harvest. All root pruned trees survived acclimati...
Future Trends of OSW Membrane Research

The development of reverse osmosis as a process for desalting brackish and seawater originated with the research of Reid and Breton at the University of Florida in 1954–1956. These investigators showed that cellulose acetate film is capable of separating salt from water by reverse osmosis, although at a very slow rate. Soon after this, Loeb and Sourirajan at the University of California developed a unique process for making an asymmetric or “skinned” cellulose acetate membrane. The water flux and salt rejection of this membrane were sufficiently high to make the reverse osmosis process an attractive candidate for desalination. Just ten years later, small capacity commercial reverse osmosis units were available to the public.
Merchant's Tire & Auto Centers: Customer Feedback as a Quality Improvement Tool

This case introduces students to issues surrounding the collection, interpretation, and use of customer feedback for improving the quality of service. Various forms of customer feedback are considered, and a system is described that ties the feedback to employee compensation. The final section of the case describes the key figure who is questioning the appropriateness of the company's customer-feedback system. Data analysis is provided in exhibits for students to interpret.
Bridging computer vision and social science: A multi-camera vision system for social interaction training analysis

We investigate the use of a vision-based system capable of estimating social states such as rapport and hostility. We study the correlation between interpretations automatically generated by our system and those reported by social scientists. Our multi-camera vision system collects visual cues including location (proximity), motion, pose, gaze, and facial expressions in real-time from multiple subjects moving freely in an unconstrained environment. We performed experiments on 80+ subjects. Preliminary regression analysis suggests high correlation between machine distilled time series signals and assessments made by human experts.
Rivals reactions to mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions research has principally focused on attributes of the acquiring firm and post-acquisition outcomes. To extend our knowledge, we focus on external factors, in particular rival responses, and explore when and how rivals respond to their competitor’s acquisitions. Leveraging the awareness–motivation–capability framework, we predict and find evidence that a rival’s dependence on markets in common with the acquirer, resource similarity between rival and acquirer, and a rival’s organizational slack increase the volume and, in some cases, also the complexity of a rival’s competitive actions following an acquisition. Furthermore, the type of acquisition positively moderates some of these relationships. The results extend our understanding of the influence of mergers and acquisitions on competitive dynamics in the marketplace.
Clinical Analysis of 11 Patients with Congenital Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Objective To explore early diagnosis and treatment of congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.Methods Clinical data of 11 patients with congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula were analyzed retrospectively.Definite diagnoses were made for all cases in 24 hours through making an esophagus opacification with acetrezoic acid or iodinated oil.And an esophagus anastomosis outside pleura was made.Some experience of diagnosis and therapy were summarized.Results All of the 11 cases underwent operation.Among them,9 cases were cured (81.8%),and 2 cases died(18.2%).Anastomosis stenosis of esophagus was found in 1 case after operation,which was cured through esophagus dilatation.Tracheoesophageal fistula was found in another case after operation and it was cured through combined treatment including anti-infection, nutritional support and sufficient draining.Conclusion Early diagnosis and surgical treatment, postoperative care,prevention and cure of complication are very important to improve the survival rate of the patients with congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.
Hypertension and hypothermia in the acute postoperative period.

Postoperative hypertension and hypothermia develop as residual effects from cardiac surgery and can serve as major contributing factors to subsequent complications. Pharmacologic and technical advances developed in the past few years have helped to improve interventions aimed at attenuating these effects. Further investigations are required in order to completely eliminate the incidence of postoperative hypertension and hypothermia.
Late hematogenous infection of penile prostheses

Late deep wound infection caused by hematogenous bacterial spread from a remote focus is a rare but disastrous complication of prosthetic devices. Six patients with probable late hematogenous infection are described. The initial implantation was free of contamination and infection, and a long functional interval ensued. A febrile process associated with a painful, swollen penis followed a probable remote infection source that was not covered with prophylactic antibiotics. All prostheses required removal. Prophylactic antibiotics may prevent these late hematogenous infections.
Multiple Fermi Surfaces in Superconducting Nb-Doped Bi 2 Se 3

Topological insulator ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ has shown a number of interesting physical properties. Doping ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ with copper or strontium has been demonstrated to make the material superconducting and potentially even a topological superconductor. The recent discovery of superconducting niobium-doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ reveals an exciting new physical phenomenon, the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetic ordering, as well as signatures of an odd-parity $p$-wave superconducting order. To understand this new phenomenon, a detailed knowledge of the electronic structure is needed. We present an observation of quantum oscillations in the magnetization (the de Haas-van Alphen effect) of Nb-doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. In the fully superconducting crystal, two distinct orbits are observed, in sharp contrast to ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, Cu-doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, and Sr-doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. The multiple frequencies observed in our quantum oscillations, combined with our electrical transport studies, indicate the multi-orbit nature of the electronic state of Nb-doped ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$.
Quality of micro-CT images acquired from simultaneous micro-CT and benchtop x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT): A preliminary Monte Carlo study

Integration of micro-CT with benchtop x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) for multimodal imaging poses challenges due to significantly different operating conditions between the two modalities. This Monte Carlo (MC) study investigated the quality of micro-CT images obtainable with incident x-ray spectra that were optimized for benchtop XFCT and, consequently, considerably harder than those typically used for micro-CT.
Extended thromboprophylaxis with direct oral anticoagulants for medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To the editor: The risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased significantly in hospitalized patients, which can lead to morbidity and, rarely, mortality.[1][1],[2][2] Thromboprophylaxis with low-dose anticoagulation for up to 14 days during hospitalization has been shown to decrease the
White Blood Cell Changes Following Treatment with a Combination of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) and Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Objective We sought to determine whether recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination can increase white blood cell (WBC) count and improve the survival of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) neonates having necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with Bell stage II or above. Methods This retrospective chart review consisted of ELBW neonates with NEC provided with standard of care (standard group) or standard of care and a combination of rhG-CSF along with IVIG (treated group) at the discretion of the treating physician. Serial blood counts (days 0,1,2,3, and 7 to 10), survival, need for surgical intervention, time to reach full feeds, and time to discharge were compared between the two groups. Results The treated (27 neonates) and the standard (35 neonates) groups had birth weights of 857 ± 52 g and 1,009 ± 50 g; gestational ages of 26 ± 0.5 and 28 ± 0.5 weeks; WBC counts of 7,950 ± 6,452 and 14,105 ± 9,578/mm 3 ; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 3,930 ± 5,152 and 7,117 ± 7,545/mm 3 , respectively ( p p p Conclusion The combination of rhG-CSF and IVIG increased WBC, ANC, and monocytes in the treated group but did not affect the survival, need for surgery, time to reach full feed, or time to discharge.
A Theological Context

Modern culture in the West erupts from out of a religious crisis. This crisis provided the background against which the mechanistic and objectifying view of the body and nature appears as dominant themes. In the Middle Ages, Trinitarian theology and Christology informed a relational conception of the cosmos, in which the body was experienced as sacred, infused with supernatural grace through the incarnation, and intrinsically harmonious with nature. The nominalist revolt against Scholasticism led to a radical change in Western culture’s understanding of God, nature, personhood, and the body. Fundamental to this shift in worldview was a transformation of the Medieval view of the body as sacred into the profane body described by modern anatomy.
Layers in the Central Orion nebula

The existence of multiple layers in the inner Orion Nebula has been revealed using data from an Atlas of spectra at 2" and 12 km/s resolution. These data were sometimes grouped over Samples of 10"x10"to produce high Signal to Noise spectra and sometimes grouped into sequences of pseudo-slit Spectra of 12.8"--39" width for high spatial resolution studies. Multiple velocity systems were found: Vmif traces the Main Ionization Front (MIF), Vscat arises from back-scattering of Vmif emission by particles in the background Photon Dissociation Region (PDR), Vlow is an ionized layer in front of the MIF and if it is the source of the stellar absorption lines seen in the Trapezium stars, it must lie between the foreground Veil and those stars, Vnew may represent ionized gas evaporating from the Veil away from the observer. There are features such as the Bright Bar where variations of velocities are due to changing tilts of the MIF, but velocity changes above about 25"arise from variations in velocity of the background PDR. In a region 25" ENE of the Orion-S Cloud one finds dramatic changes in the [OIII]components, including the signals from the Vlowoiii and Vmifoiii becoming equal, indicating shadowing of gas from stellar photons of >24.6 eV. This feature is also seen in areas to the west and south of the Orion-S Cloud.
The Sham, and the Damage, of “Living in Truth”:

This essay criticizes Havel’s famous “living in truth” paradigm and parable of the greengrocer as morally wrong, politically false, and complicit in the later emergence of a backlash against libera...
Swales, John (b. 1938)

John Swales, professor of linguistics and former director of the English Language Institute at the University of Michigan, is a major figure in applied linguistics. He was one of the developers of current social approaches to literacy studies and a developer of the concept of discourse community.
Associations and Causation

Epidemiologic studies search for observed and statistical associations between host and environmental variables that lead minimally to an increased understanding of health and illness, or optimally to the discovery of causal or preventive processes. Hippocrates’ contributions to our knowledge of disease were derived from astute clinical observations and his ability to generalize from the part to the whole. But nowadays, the epidemiologic method uses statistical procedures to ascertain whether there are associations among the variables investigated and the direction and strength of such association. Pierre Louis2 is credited with introducing “The Numerical Method” into medicine in the 1830s. His descriptive statistics, termed “simple bookkeeping” by Feinstein,3 helped end the common use of bloodletting by leeches as the routine form of treatment for many diseases, first in France and later in other Western nations.
Products of the Major Histocompatibility Complex on Tumor Cells

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was originally defined as that region of murine genome that contained the genes that determined the fate of allografts (Gorer, 1938 and Gorer et al., 1948). A similar complex has since been identified in all mammalian species investigated. In addition, it is now known that the MHC contains a variety of genes whose products are intimately involved in the development and culmination of most, if not all, immune responses.
A digital health app to assess decisional capacity to provide informed consent: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background Any study with human subjects must have a robust consent process to ensure that participants understand the study and can decide whether they want to be involved. Investigators must determine whether a potential study participant is able to make an informed decision and what modifications or supports are needed to maximize participation in decision making. A variety of approaches have been used to modify consent forms and the consent process to increase the research participants' decisional capacity. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a digital health app to support decision making among individuals contemplating providing consent to participate in a clinical trial. Objective The objective of this RCT will be to determine if the use of a tablet-based app facilitates greater participation in and satisfaction with the consent process compared with standard practice and identify which individual factors are associated with better response to the decision aid. We hypothesize that the tablet-based version of the consent process will promote more informed decision making, including decisions that are more consistent with individual preferences and values expressed during qualitative data collection. Methods A two-arm RCT will be conducted in a sample of approximately 100 individuals with fragile X syndrome in their homes across the United States. Results Data analysis will be completed by late 2018. Conclusions By developing and testing a novel consent decision aid, we will have a better understanding of whether and how technological support can optimize the fit between the decisional capacity and the decisional process. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02465931; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02465931 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72Q3xJQAw). International registered report identifier (irrid) PRR1-10.2196/10360.
The Middle Class, the Rich and the Poor: Who Gets What?

This article discusses:(a income distribution between the middle class, the rich and the poor; (b) the incomes of the middle class, the rich and the poor; (c) the relative incomes of some subclasses among the middle class, the rich and the poor, including that of the super rich within the rich as a whole.
Validation of the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) in suicidal behavior by self‐poisoning

Intentional self-poisoning is the leading method of suicidal behavior leading to medical attention worldwide. The medical severity of self-poisoning events has major treatment, prognostic, and medico-legal implications, yet measures of severity are limited. The Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) is a widely used scale but validation data are limited, particularly in the study of suicidal behavior per se. The sample was a consecutive series of intentional self-poisoning patients aged 13 to 65 treated at a large university medical center (n = 673). PSS scores, with a range 0 (none) to 4 (death), were calculated along with other structured clinical data and analyzed in a series of linear regressions adjusted for age and sex. Higher PSS scores were consistently associated with greater medical morbidity and more intensive acute medical treatments, and nearly all effect sizes were large. Results support the validity of the PSS in hospital-treated self-poisoning patients.
A Framework for the Dynamic Programming Principle and Martingale-generated Control Correspondences

We construct an abstract framework in which the dynamic programming principle (DPP) can be readily proven. It encompasses a broad range of common stochastic control problems in the weak formulation, and deals with problems in the “martingale formulation” with particular ease. We give two illustrations; first, we establish the DPP for general controlled diffusions and show that their value functions are viscosity solutions of the associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations under minimal conditions. After that, we show how to treat singular control on the example of the classical monotone-follower problem.
Individual Therapy on Inpatient Units: Flexibility in the Face of Resistance.

The length of stay for inpatient adolescent admissions has decreased significantly over time.1 This has forced a reframing of the purpose of hospitalization as being focused on the tasks of maintaining safety, clarifying a diagnosis, optimizing medication, and arranging ongoing care. There are thus no standard approaches for the delivery of individual therapy that accommodate the complexity, heterogeneity, acuity, and time limitations of the inpatient setting. That being said, efforts continue to be made to provide some form of therapeutic engagement on inpatient units that goes beyond psychiatric assessment and basic nursing intervention. In this perspective, we describe a targeted approach toward individual therapy during acute hospitalization. This approach is applied successfully on a general inpatient adolescent unit in New England that maintains a low rate of restraints, seclusions, and readmission. Our unit treats verbal adolescents (younger youths and adolescents with significant cognitive or social learning limitations are accommodated in other settings within our community), but aspects of the approach have broader applicability. Guiding principles are drawn from a range of theoretical approaches, including collaborative problem solving,2 trauma-informed care,3 and strength-based care4 (Table 1). The program involves staff (activity therapists and nurses) being educated around key principles of a range of therapy modalities, which are then modeled by program leadership in multidisciplinary settings, such as walking rounds and group meetings. The approach is then incorporated into how the patient is engaged throughout the milieu. Staff education begins during initial onboarding to the unit, but then occurs in an iterative way as new patients with new therapeutic needs enter the milieu.
Is addition of a third or fourth antiglaucoma medication effective

This was a retrospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative, interventional study including all patients seen by a single glaucoma specialist between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000 who had a third or fourth antiglaucoma medication added to their existing regimen of two or three antiglaucoma medications, respectively. Addition of a third or fourth antiglaucoma medication produced a clinically significant reduction in IOPin about 40 to 60% of patients at any single time point. By Kaplan-Meier analysis the cumulative probability of achieving “efficacy success” (≥20% IOP decrease from baseline) was 33% at 6 months and 23% at 1 year after adding a third medication, and 43% at 6 months and 18% at one year after adding a fourth medication. Combining both efficacy and safety (need for surgical intervention and/or the occurrence of intolerable side effects to the antiglaucoma medication leading to discontinuation) decreased the cumulative probability of success to 27% and 14% for the addition of a third medication and 31% and 14% for addition of a fourth medication at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. This study showed that addition of another antiglaucoma medication to a regimen of two or three medications frequently does not achieve a lasting, significant fall (≥20%) in IOP.—Michael D. Wagoner
News Storytelling Through Images: Examining the Effects of Narratives and Visuals in News Coverage of Issues

This study examined the effects of narratives and visuals in the news coverage of the issue of growing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the agriculture industry. A 2 (evidence type: narrative vs. nonnarrative) × 2 (presentation format: visual vs. nonvisual) between-subjects online experiment was conducted whereby participants read different versions of the manipulated news reports. Results suggested that narratives had significant main effects on transportation and sympathy. Visuals significantly increased transportation and sympathy for those exposed to the nonnarrative message. Follow-up analyses revealed a significant serial mediation between evidence type and issue attitudes via transportation and sympathy. Sympathy was a significant mediator of the effect of presentation format on issue attitudes. The results suggest that news narratives can persuade through transportation and sympathy when conveying information about sensitive topics.
The Connection Between Student Identities and Outcomes Related to Academic Persistence

Young people begin to explore and develop a deeper understanding of who they are, or their identities, during adolescence and young adulthood. The various aspects of these dynamic and developing id...
Target Classification in Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Imagery Using Loihi Neuromorphic Hardware

Intel's novel Loihi processing chip has been used to explore new information exploitation techniques. Specifically, we analyzed two types of data (optical and radar). These data modalities and associated machine learning algorithms were used to showcase the ability of the system to address real world problems, such as object detection and classification. Intel's fully digital Loihi design is inspired by biological processes and brain functions. Neuromorphic architectures, such as Loihi, promise to improve computational efficiency for various machine learning tasks with a realizable path toward implementation into many systems, e.g., airborne computing for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance systems, and/or future autonomous vehicles and household appliances. With the current software development kit, it is possible to train an artificial neural network model in a common deep learning framework such as Keras and quantize the model weights for a simplistic, direct translation onto the Loihi hardware. The radar imagery analyzed included a seven-vehicle class target set, which was processed at a rate of 9.5 images per second and with an overall accuracy of 90.1%. The optical data included a binary (two classes), and another nine-class data set. The binary classifier processed the optical data at a rate of 12.8 images per second with 94.0% accuracy. The nine classes optical data was processed at a rate 12.9 images per second and 79.7% accuracy. Lastly, the system used ~6 Watts of total power with ~0.6 Watts being utilized by the neuromorphic cores. The inferencing energy used to classify each image varied between 14.9 and 63.2 millijoules/image.
Mitochondrial Morphology and Mitophagy in Heart Diseases: Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses Using Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has long been an important technique, capable of high degree resolution and visualization of subcellular structures and organization. Over the last 20 years, TEM has gained in popularity in the cardiovascular field to visualize changes at the nanometer scale in cardiac ultrastructure during cardiovascular development, aging, and a broad range of pathologies. Recently, cardiovascular TEM enabled the studies of several signaling processes impacting mitochondrial function, such as mitochondrial fission/fusion, autophagy, mitophagy, lysosomal degradation, and lipophagy. The goals of this review are to provide an overview of the current usage of TEM to study cardiac ultrastructural changes, how TEM aided the visualization of mitochondria, autophagy, and mitophagy under normal and cardiovascular disease conditions, and to discuss the overall advantages and disadvantages of TEM, as well as potential future capabilities and advancements in the field.
Pharmacokinetics of hetacillin in dairy cattle following 3X milking

Mastitis remains a critical disease in the dairy industry and the use of intramammary antibiotics plays a critical role in mastitis treatment. Hetacin-K® (Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc) is currently approved as an intramammary antibiotic that is used to treat mastitis in dairy cows. It is approved for once daily intramammary administration and can be used for a total of three days. More and more dairy farms are milking three times per day instead of the traditional two times per day; however, there is very little pharmacokinetic data on the use of intramammary drugs such as Hetacin-K® in a 3X system. The purpose of this study was to determine if once daily intramammary infusion of Hetacin-K® is sufficient to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations in cattle milked three times per day.