cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex and Gender Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction-Cardiogenic Shock in Older Adults.

Abstract Objective To evaluate outcomes by sex in older adults with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS). Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort of older (≥75 years) AMI-CS admissions during January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2014, was identified using the National Inpatient Sample. Interhospital transfers were excluded. Use of angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), mechanical circulatory support (MCS), and noncardiac interventions was identified. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality stratified by sex, and secondary outcomes included temporal trends of prevalence, in-hospital mortality, use of cardiac and noncardiac interventions, hospitalization costs, and length of stay. Results In this 15-year period, there were 134,501 AMI-CS admissions 75 years or older, of whom 51.5% (n=69,220) were women. Women were on average older, were more often Hispanic or nonwhite race, and had lower comorbidity, acute organ failure, and concomitant cardiac arrest. Compared with older men (n=65,281), older women (n=69,220) had lower use of coronary angiography (55.4% [n=35,905] vs 49.2% [n=33,918]), PCI (36.3% [n=23,501] vs 34.4% [n=23,535]), MCS (34.3% [n=22,391] vs 27.2% [n=18,689]), mechanical ventilation, and hemodialysis (all P Conclusion Female sex is an independent predictor of worse in-hospital outcomes in older adults with AMI-CS in the United States.
Quantifying the frequency of synchronous carbon and nitrogen export to the river network

The biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are inextricably linked for a range of reactions. For coupled reactions such as denitrification to occur, however, solutes must be found together in space and time. Using the framework of concentration-discharge (c-Q) relationships, we examine the frequency of synchronous C and N export (i.e. identical c-Q behavior) across a river network using > 5 years of high-frequency sensor data. We demonstrate that across space and time the export of C and N to a river network is asynchronous 57% of the time. The probability of simultaneous export in largely forested watersheds demonstrates little temporal structure, while in more human-impacted watersheds, we observe the highest frequency of asynchronous c-Q behavior. We discuss the implications of synchronous c-Q behavior for solute flux estimation models and develop a theoretical framework for predicting where within a landscape we expect the probability of coupled C and N reactions to be greatest. By simultaneously comparing the variability in C and N c-Q relationships we develop an integrated framework for predicting synchronous export of solutes.
In vitro inhibition of H. pylori in a preferential manner using bioengineered L. lactis releasing guided Antimicrobial peptides

Objectives: Targeted therapies seek to selectively eliminate a pathogen without disrupting the resident microbial community. This is even more important when a pathogen like H. pylori resides in stomach, a sensitive microbial ecosystem. Using a probiotic like Lactococcus lactis and bioengineering it to release a guided Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) targeted towards the pathogen offers a pathway to specifically knock-out the deleterious species and not disturbing the stomach microbiome. Results: Three AMPs, Alyteserin, CRAMP and Laterosporulin, were genetically fused to a guiding peptide MM1, which selectively binds to Vacuolating Toxin A (VacA) of H. pylori and cloned into an excretory vector pTKR inside L. lactis. The probiotics were then fed to mice infected with H. pylori, both as a therapeutic and prophylactic measure, and the samples were collected using a novel gavage method and analyzed using qPCR and Illumina sequencing of the extracted stomach samples over a 10-day period. Microbiome analysis with Next-Gen sequencing also revealed a dysbiosis created by H. pylori, determined by creating a Correlation network model with the relative abundances of taxa across the samples, and this dysbiosis was palliated by the bioengineered probiotics which preserved and boosted key microbiome species and reducing the load of deleterious ones. The bioengineered probiotic also significantly improved the OTU diversity compared to antibiotics and L. lactis cloned with empty vector, with gAMP-L. lactis faring the best. Conclusions: Probiotics bioengineered to excrete guided AMPs can be a novel and useful approach for combating pathogens without endangering the natural microbial flora. Given the wealth of AMPs and guiding ligands, both natural and synthetic, this approach can be adapted to develop a diverse array of chimeric guided AMPs and can be cloned into probiotics to create a safe and effective alternative to conventional chemical antibiotics.
Vamp Till Ready

In this introductory excursion, Amiri Baraka’s performance with David Murray at D.C. Space in the nation’s capital becomes a framework for viewing the poet’s entire career as a recording artist with musicians. The works performed that night were those included on the live album released as New Music—New Poetry, and they are characteristic of the works Baraka composed in the decades following his abandonment of cultural nationalism and his move to Marxist ideology.
A Cabinet of Curiosities, a Dwelling Place: Weekly Writing on Instagram as Multimodal Praxis

This Instagram “Weekly Writing” assignment is a social-media-based, low-stakes, and longitudinal approach to teaching and experimenting with multimodal composition. Students create an account for the purposes of the class and follow each other. They post three times per week, sometimes freely and sometimes in response to a prompt or challenge. Together, we use the platform and its rich multimodal resources to consider how in-the-moment multimodal composing can spur invention, place the writer in the perpetual position of noticing, and create an archive of experience that holistically communicates beyond the author’s original intention. This article discusses the pedagogical rationale for this approach, along with the issues to consider before adopting and adapting this practice.
Biodeterioration of Prehistoric Rock Art and Issues in Site Preservation

Lichens, algae and mosses growing on prehistoric rock art pose a major worldwide threat for its preservation and conservation. Most rock art is surficial, as paintings, or shallowly pecked or incised into the rock surface. Breakdown of the rock surface by lichens and other microflora can easily erase these images. Lichens and other damaging flora inhabit a wide variety of environments and have destroyed entire panels of rock art. Methods of lichen control developed for buildings and large historic monuments may be inappropriate for more delicate rock art. Rock art researchers must consider conservation, research and ethical issues for site preservation where biodeterioration is a factor.
Six Ways from Sunday: Approaches to Indexing Digital Text Images

In 1994, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded a joint project undertaken by the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) and the Latin American Microfilm Project (LAMP) to scan and index over three-hundred thousand pages of microfilmed Brazilian Government Documents for the Internet. Due to the collection size, format, language and poor physical condition of the text, entering this overwhelmingly textual collection as full-text was prohibitively expensive. Instead the documents were scanned as images, thereby maintaining the intellectual content of the collection, but losing the dynamic searching capabilities inherent in full-text databases. A combination of indexing approaches was used to provide access to these documents. Indexing (table-of-contents, pagination and subject indexes) found in the documents were recreated to give users access to the documents. A controlled vocabulary was established to index a portion of the database. The factors of costs, user feedback and available technologies all influenced the choices of the five indexes ultimately utilized. This paper will describe and comment on the strengths and weaknesses of the various indexing approaches taken to access the images within this database.
Strategies for Successful Interactions with the News Media

For psychologists and behavioral researchers, media reporting of news and current events offers a credible, far-reaching, and inexpensive way to educate large numbers of Americans about psychological findings and knowledge. For the news media, psychologists are interview sources who can help answer the “why” of news events and social trends and can add interest, credibility and a fresh or unique angle to the news. So why is the relationship such a tenuous one?
The Functional Complexity of Scientific Evidence

This article sketches the main features of traditional philosophical models of evidence, indicating idealizations in such models that it regards as doing more harm than good. It then proceeds to elaborate on an alternative model of evidence that is functionalist, complex, dynamic, and contextual, a view the author calls dynamic evidential functionalism (DEF). This alternative builds on insights from philosophy of scientific practice, Kuhnian philosophy of science, pragmatist epistemology, philosophy of experimentation, and functionalist philosophy of mind. Along the way, the article raises concerns about the total evidence condition, requirements of certainty or incorrigibility on evidence, and accounts that restrict the type of things that can serve as evidence (to, for example, sense data, facts about particulars). DEF can also help us see the special value of novel predictions and experiments as evidence, as well as help us think about how to critically evaluate the putative evidence to determine whether it is evidence.
Recent experience with design and manufacture of cine lenses

Modern cine lenses require a high degree of aberration correction over a large and ever expanding image size. At low to medium volume production levels, these highly corrected designs also require a workable tolerance set and compensation scheme for successful manufacture. In this paper we discuss the design and manufacture of cine lenses with reference to current designs both internal and in the patent literature and some experience in design, tolerancing and manufacturing these lenses in medium volume production.
Influence of CHIEF pathway genes on gene expression: a pathway approach to functionality.

Background: Candidate pathway approaches in disease association studies often utilize a tagSNP approach to capture genetic variation. In this paper we assess gene expression patterns with SNPs in genes in the CHIEF pathway to help determine their potential functionality. Methods: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was run to determine gene expression of 13 genes in normal colon tissue samples from 82 individuals. TagSNP genotype data were obtained from a GoldenGate Illumina multiplex bead array platform. Age, sex, and genetic ancestry adjusted general linear models were used to estimate beta coefficients and p values. Results: Genetic variation in mTOR (1 SNP), NFKB1 (4 SNPs), PRKAG2 (3 SNPs), and TSC2 (1 SNP) significantly influenced their expression. After adjustment for multiple comparisons several associations between pathway genes and expression of other genes were significant. These included AKT1 rs1130214 associated with expression of PDK1; NFκB1 rs13117745 and rs4648110 with STK11 expression; PRKAG2 rs6965771 with expression of NFκB1, PIK3CA, and RPS6KB2; RPS6KB1 rs80711475 with STK11 expression; STK11 rs741765 with PIK3CA and PRKAG2 expression; and TSC2 rs3087631 with AKT1, IkBκB, NFκB1, PDK1, PIK3CA, PRKAG2, and PTEN expression. The higher levels of differential expression were noted for TSC2 rs3087631 (percent difference ranges from 108% to 198% across genes). Many of these SNPs and genes also were associated with colon and rectal cancer risk. Conclusions: Our results suggest that pathway genes may regulate expression of other genes in the pathway. The convergence of these genes in several biological pathways involved in cancer further supports their importance to the carcinogenic process.
On Power-Performance Characterization of Concurrent Throughput Kernels

Growing deployment of power and energy efficient throughput accelerators (GPU) in data centers pushes the envelope of power-performance co-optimization capabilities of GPUs. Realization of exascale computing using accelerators demands further improvements in power efficiency. With hardwired kernel concurrency enablement in accelerators, inter- and intra-workload simultaneous kernels computation predicts increased throughput at lower energy budget. To improve Performance-per-Watt metric of the architectures, a systematic empirical study of real-world throughput workloads (with simultaneous kernel execution) is required. To this end, we propose a multi-kernel throughput workload generation framework that will facilitate aggressive energy and performance management of exascale data centers and will stimulate synergistic power-performance co-optimization of throughput architectures.
The chemotherapy of malignant melanoma.

Advanced human malignant melanoma continues to be an intractable tumor unresponsive to most forms of therapy. We have been engaged in the design of selective agents for the chemotherapy of malignant melanoma based on the unique biochemical features within this tumor. Several analogues have been prepared with significant antitumor activity against experimental melanoma models, and these include levodopa, dopamine, and the nonneurotoxic analogue 3,4-dihydroxybenzy-lamine. Pending the clinical availability of the improved analogues, we have investigated the effects of levodopa and dopamine on advanced human malignant melanoma. Dopamine has been shown to cause a significant biochemical inhibition of tumor in 4 patients treated, but cardiovascular effects have precluded its repetitive use. The combination of levodopa/carbidopa has been used in an attempt to circumvent these toxicities as well as deliver drug to the central nervous system (CNS). Of 12 patients treated to date, 8 are evaluable, and there have been 4 significant clinical responses. Importantly, the plasma levels achievable with levodopa are in tumorici-dal range as predicted by in vivo assays (10 -5 M ). One patient had a complete resolution of a CNS lesion as measured by CAT scan and a corresponding improvement in symptoms. Pending the availability of improved analogues, further study of the use of levodopa/carbidopa as therapy for malignant melanoma in humans appears warranted, and different methods of delivery, cither alone or in combination with conventional agents, will be explored.
Leaching from stone crab traps dipped in fungitrol: diesel fuel preservative.

The stone crab fishery is one of the most important commercial fishing industries in Florida. Since stone crabs are generally caught and harvested by trapping, trap construction and longevity are crucial to the success of the industry. For years, stone crab fishermen have been fishing with wooden traps. Over time, traps become infested with wood-boring animals such as shipworms and isopods, leading to the destruction of the trap. Various wood treatments have been applied to keep wood-borers from infesting the traps in an attempt to increase their longevity and reduce fishing costs. For the past several years, stone crab fishermen have been using a copper-based substance called Fungitrol[sup R] with diesel fuel as a carrier to inhibit wood-borers. Fungitrol (Huls America) is a Cu-naphthenate fungicide containing 8% Cu and is normally used to protect fibrous substrates. Initially, most fishermen dip the wood for their traps in a Fungitrol:diesel fuel mixture (1:10) for anywhere from a few minutes up to 10 days. The traps are then constructed from the treated wood and are allowed to sit outside for up to 5 months before using them for crabbing. In subsequent seasons, the traps are dipped for only 1-3 minutes, then are allowedmore » to sit outside until the opening of the season. The concern with using diesel fuel as a carrier in the dipping process is that this refined petroleum product has been found to be more toxic to marine animal s than many crude oils. Hydrocarbons found in other petroleum products (including fuel oils and crude oils) have been shown to have both lethal and sublethal effects on crustaceans. Various studies have been conducted on wood preservatives and the changes that occur in treated wood with prolonged exposure to water. This study investigates many of the same characteristics of a leachate from marine woods as do the others; however, this particular leachate, diesel fuel, has not been studied until now. 10 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.« less
Localization of molting chitinase in insect cuticle

Abstract Chitinase activity in molting larvae of Manduca sexta is localized in old cuticle; it is not quantitatively extracted during homogenization, has good activity at the pH of molting fluid, and preferentially utilizes endogenous cuticle chitin as substrate. It is concluded that cuticle chitinase is the physiologically active molting enzyme in Manduca .
Holographic neural networks versus conventional neural networks: a comparative evaluation for the classification of landmine targets in ground-penetrating radar images

This paper evaluates the performance of a holographic neural network in comparison with a conventional feedforward backpropagation neural network for the classification of landmine targets in ground penetrating radar images. The data used in the study was acquired from four different test sites using the landmine detection system developed by General Dynamics Canada Ltd., in collaboration with the Defense Research and Development Canada, Suffield. A set of seven features extracted for each detected alarm is used as stimulus inputs for the networks. The recall responses of the networks are then evaluated against the ground truth to declare true or false detections. The area computed under the receiver operating characteristic curve is used for comparative purposes. With a large dataset comprising of data from multiple sites, both the holographic and conventional networks showed comparable trends in recall accuracies with area values of 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. By using independent validation datasets, the holographic network’s generalization performance was observed to be better (mean area = 0.86) as compared to the conventional network (mean area = 0.82). Despite the widely publicized theoretical advantages of the holographic technology, use of more than the required number of cortical memory elements resulted in an over-fitting phenomenon of the holographic network.
Photophysical and Photochemical Processes of 2-Methyl, 2-Ethyl, and 2-tert-Butylanthracenes on Silica Gel. A Substituent Effect Study

The photophysics and photochemistry of 2-methylanthracene (2MA), 2-ethylanthracene (2EA), and 2-tert-butylanthracene (2TBA) adsorbed on silica was studied at a silica/air interface to determine the substituent effect on the above processes. In contrast to anthracene (AN), which forms ground state stable pairs at surface coverages as low as 1% of a monolayer, 2MA, 2EA, and 2TBA show no evidence of any ground state pairing even at high surface coverages. Diffuse reflectance and fluorescence data indicate that 2MA, 2EA, and 2TBA crystallize on the surface at higher surface coverages. Photolysis of 2MA, 2EA, and 2TBA at a silica/air interface proceeds more efficiently than photolysis of AN to produce the corresponding 9,10-endoperoxides formed by the addition of singlet molecular oxygen (type II) to the ground state molecules. Thermally unstable endoperoxides slowly decompose on silica surface to give the corresponding 9,10-quinones and other hydroxylated products of 2MA, 2EA, and 2TBA. Although photolyzed AN...
Effect of coexisting order of various form and wave vector on low-temperature thermal conductivity in d -wave superconductors

In light of recent experimental evidence of density wave order in the cuprates, we consider a phenomenological model of a $d$-wave superconductor with coexisting charge-, spin-, or pair-density wave order of various form and wave vector. We study the evolution of the nodal structure of the quasiparticle energy spectrum as a function of the amplitude of the coexisting order and perform diagrammatic linear-response calculations of the low-temperature (universal-limit) thermal conductivity. The work described herein expands upon our past studies, which focused on a particular unit-cell-doubling charge-density wave, generalizing our techniques to a wider class of coexisting order. We find that the question of whether the nodes of the $d$-wave superconductor survive amidst a reasonable level of coexisting order is sensitive to the form and wave vector of the order. However, in cases where the nodes do become gapped, we identify a signature of the approach to this nodal transition, in the low-temperature thermal conductivity, that appears to be quite general. The amplitude of this signature is found to be disorder dependent, which suggests a connection between the presence of coexisting order in the underdoped cuprates and recent observations of deviations from universal (disorder-independent) thermal conductivity in the underdoped regime.
Introduction for Essays on the State of Accounting Scholarship

I describe the context for the following essays by Sudipta Basu, Chris Chapman, Bill McCarthy, and Don Moser. Their essays are based on presentations they made at the 2011 Strategic Retreat of the Executive Committee (now titled Board of Directors) of the American Accounting Association (AAA). That retreat was held in Orlando, Florida, on May 23–24, 2011. My remarks are organized as follows. I first describe the genesis of the retreat and its focus. I next describe the charge given to the presenters, as well as attendees. I conclude with some brief remarks about subsequent events, and the potential long-term impact of these four essays and the changes they presage.
Transport of macromolecules in arterial wall in vivo: a mathematical model and analytical solutions.

A mathematical model has been developed to simulatein vivo transmural accumulation of an intravenously injected tracer in the aortic wall of experimental animals. Parameters have been included to represent the following processes that affect tracer distribution: permeation of the blood-tissue interface, diffusion through the layers of the artery wall,convective solute drag through the same, and degradation. Of particular interest for thein vivo situation situation is the inclusion of boundary conditions that account for the variation in the plasma concentration of injected tracer as a function of time. Two analytical solutions are presented. The first describes a system in which two boundaries must be delineated; it pertains if the tracer is allowed to circulate until it enters the avascular media of the artery wall both across its luminal boundary and from the capillaries in its outer layer. The second applies to shorter duration experiments in which entry across only the luminal boundary is considered. A limiting case of the solution for short circulation times is presented, compared with a previously published solution, and examined for its potential utility in parameter estimation. Because of its treatment of time-dependent boundary conditions, the model has unique application toin vivo experiments related to macromolecular transport in atherosclerosis that may otherwise elude proper interpretation.
Defect structure and electrical properties of Nio—II. Temperatures below equilibration*

Abstract The electrical conductivity of pure nickel oxide is almost independent of temperature from 300 to 1000°C. The addition of just a few hundred parts per million of donor impurities increases the activation energy for conduction from a few hundred cal/mole to 40 kcal/mole. These impurities decrease the magnitude of the conductivity at 400°C from 0·1 to 10−8 ohm−1-cm−1. Seebeck measurements confirm that the carrier concentration. rather than the mobility, decreases as the temperature decreases. A point defect model incorporating five charged and two neutral species was formulated and solved. The resulting theoretical carrier concentrations agree well in magnitude as well as temperature and oxygen pressure dependence with conductivity measurements on samples of different purities. The hole mobility is found to be almost independent of temperature.
A Nonparametric Approach for Assessing Productivity Dynamics of Large U.S. Banks

The 1980s marked an era of substantial change for the US commercial banking industry. An issue of considerable interest to banking analysts and economists alike is whether the intensified competitive pressure, generated by deregulation and notable financial innovations, enhanced productivity. To investigate the response to these changes, the non-parametric Malmquist index is used to evaluate productivity dynamics. A statistically significant productivity surge found between 1983 and 1984 is followed by productivity regress the next period; post-1985, sustained productivity progress is observed for the remainder of the decade. Productivity movements are primarily attributable to technological changes rather than scale changes or convergence to the production frontier.
Semantic Satiation in Concept Formation

This study deals with generalization of the semantic satiation effect to a concept formation task which involves the grouping of words into classes. Experimental Ss were given satiation treatment o...
The importance of psychological assessment in chronic pain.

Purpose of reviewMuch confusion has surrounded the purpose of the psychological assessment in the context of chronic pain. For many clinicians, the psychological assessment is used to rule out psychiatric illness and to identify the nonmedical causes for pain and disability. In essence, it is used t
The role of monoaminergic nuclei during aggression and sympathetic social signaling.

A social sign stimulus that is sympathetically induced affects aggressive approaches and influences serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity in the brainstem nuclei of Anolis car
Comparative analysis of fouling characteristics of ceramic and polymeric microfiltration membranes using filtration models

Abstract Ceramic membrane processes are a rapidly emerging technology for water treatment, yet virtually no information on the performance and fouling mechanisms is available to the industry considering them as an alternative to polymeric membrane processes. Ceramic microfiltration of model feed solutions containing polyethylene glycol or Suwannee River humic acid as well as a synthetic river water was examined, and a systematic comparison with polymeric membrane filtration was performed. The fouling characteristics of ceramic membranes were investigated for the first time using filtration models including the combined pore blockage-cake filtration model, constant pressure filtration laws, resistance-in-series model, and the unified membrane fouling index model. The results suggested that the above models which have been applied to polymeric membranes agreed well with the ceramic membrane filtration results. The fouling was characterized by the initial pore blocking mechanism and transitioned to the cake filtration mechanism at a later phase of filtration. Cake resistance was the dominant form of the total resistance for ceramic membranes under the conditions tested in this study and was readily removable by physical cleaning. The results of this study provide basic information upon which further in-depth studies can be built, including the effects of water quality, membrane characteristics, and operating conditions.
Stem cell-based therapies in ischemic heart diseases: a focus on aspects of microcirculation and inflammation

Stem cells possessing the potential to replace damaged myocardium with functional myocytes have drawn increasing attention in the past decade in treating ischemic heart diseases; these diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The adult heart has recently been shown to contain a few cardiac stem cells (CSCs) that, in theory, suggest cardiac repair following acute myocardial infarction is possible if the CSC titer could be increased. Stem cell-based therapies, including hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, were proven to be marginal and transitional. Multiple factors and mechanisms, rather than direct cardiac regeneration are involved in stem cell-mediated cardiac functional improvement. This review will focus on (1) the interaction between inflammation and stem cells; (2) the fate of stem cells at the microcirculatory level, and their subsequent influences on stem cell-based therapies.
Protein synthesis by yeast promitochondria in vivo.

Abstract Promitochondria of anaerobically-grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selectively labeled in vivo by incubating the cells with radioactive leucine and cycloheximide under nitrogen. Promitochondrial labeling was sensitive to chloramphenicol. It was not detectable in cytoplasmic “petite” mutants.
Salivary secretion of caesium-131.

IN previous investigations it has been shown that potassium-42 and rubidium-86 are rapidly cleared from the blood and secreted into the saliva in identical fashion1,2. This has led to the development of techniques for the determination of exchangeable potassium with 42K or 86Rb, using saliva rather than urine, since urinary excretion of these two isotopes differs2. In an investigation of the applicability of the recently reactor-produced caesium-131 (physical half-life, 9.5 days; 29.4-keV X-ray) as a substitute for the short-lived gamma-emitters 42K (physical half-life, 12 h) and the relatively long lived 86Rb (physical half-life, 18.6 days) differences in the salivary excretion of 131Cs and 42K or 86Rb were noted.
Fluxes of gases and particles above a deciduous forest in wintertime

Eddy-correlation measurements of the vertical fluxes of ozone, carbon dioxide, fine particles with diameter near 0.1 Μm, and particulate sulfur, as well as of momentum, heat and water vapor, have been taken above a tall leafless deciduous forest in wintertime. During the experimental period of one week, ozone deposition velocities varied from about 0.1 cm s−1 at night to more than 0.4 cm s-1 during the daytime, with the largest variations associated primarily with changes in solar irradiation. Most of the ozone removal took place in the upper canopy. Carbon dioxide fluxes were directed upward due to respiration and exhibited a strong dependence on air temperature and solar heating. The fluxes were approximately zero at air temperatures less than 5 °C and approached 0.8 mg m−2 s−1 when temperatures exceeded 15 °C during the daytime. Fine-particle deposition rates were large at times, with deposition velocities near 0.8 cm s−1 when turbulence levels were high, but fluxes directed upward were found above the canopy when the surface beneath was covered with snow. Diffusional processes seemed to dominate fine-particle transfer across quasilaminar layers and subsequent deposition to the upper canopy. Deposition velocities for particulate sulfur were highly variable and averaged to a value small in magnitude as compared to similar measurements taken previously over a pine forest in summer.
CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF 2-OXO-BIS(2-β-CHLOROETHYLAMINO)-4,6-DIMETHYL-1,3,2-OXAZAPHOSPHORINANE: AN ANALOGUE OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

Abstract The isomer of the title compound chosen for determination of its crystal and molecular structure by x-ray means has been found to possess an axial mustard group and an equatorial phosphoryl oxygen. This contrasts the phosphorus stereochemistry in cyclophosphamide in which these groups are interchanged. As a consequence of forcing the mustard group into the axial position in the title compound, the C2N plane of this moiety is positioned such that neither of the pendant ClCH2CH2 groups are under the ring. The rotomeric conformation of this group differs from that in cyclophosphamide wherein the mustard C2N plane is perpendicular to the OPN plane in the ring.
Behavioral Modeling of a CMOS–MEMS Nonlinear Parametric Resonator

Predictive design of nonlinear microelectromechanical systems featuring parametric resonance provides motivation to refine mixed MEMS/analog behavioral composable modeling and simulation methodologies. Toward this end, a schematic of a canonical parametric resonator testbed is built with primitive beam, plate, and gap models from a MEMS Verilog-AMS library along with a macro model of a non-interdigitated comb with electrostatic spring coefficients extracted from finite element analysis. A CMOS-MEMS parametric resonator for validation experiments exploits the well known non-interdigitated finger design to create a voltage-controlled spring constant as the parametric stimulus. Behavioral modeling and the analytic perturbation solutions are validated by optical vibration measurements matching to 0.2% and 2.1%, respectively.
Zeros of derivatives of meromorphic functions with one pole

Suppose that f (z) = g(z)/z n where g is a real entire function of finite order with g(0)≠ 0 and n is a positive integer, and that f f′, and f″ have only red zeros. We prove thatthen g is a polynomial of degree not exceeding n+1. This strengthens an earlier result of the author, when one had to consider derivatives up to an order depending on f and the order of the entire function gConversely, if f is of this form where g is a polynomial of degree at most n with only real zeros, then f(k) has only real zeros for all k≥ 0. If the degree of g is n+1 then f(k) has only real zeros for all k≥ 0 if, and only iff and f′ have only real zeros. The proof makes extensive use of complex dynamics
Systemic Administration of Calmodulin Antagonist W-7 or Protein Kinase A Inhibitor H-8 Prevents Torsade de Pointes in Rabbits

Background —The ventricular arrhythmia torsade de pointes (TdP) occurs after QT interval prolongation and is associated with sudden cardiac death. The afterdepolarizations that initiate TdP are facilitated by protein kinase A and the multifunctional Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase). Methods and Results —In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of suppression of TdP through systemic therapy with kinase inhibitory agents in an established animal model. Under control conditions, TdP was inducible in 6 of 8 rabbits. CaM kinase blockade with the calmodulin antagonist W-7 reduced TdP in a dose-dependent fashion (4 of 7 inducible at 25 μmol/kg and 1 of 7 inducible at 50 μmol/kg). Increased intracellular Ca 2+ has been implicated in the genesis of afterdepolarizations, but pretreatment with high-dose W-7 did not prevent TdP in response to the L-type Ca 2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 (300 nmol/kg), suggesting that CaM kinase–independent activation of L-type Ca 2+ current was not affected by W-7. Compared with control animals, W-7 reduced TdP inducibility without shortening the QT interval, increasing heart rate, or reducing the blood pressure. The protein kinase A antagonist H-8 also caused a dose-dependent reduction in TdP inducibility (5 of 6 at 1 μmol/kg, 4 of 6 at 5 μmol/kg, and 0 of 6 at 10 μmol/kg), but unlike W-7, H-8 did so by shortening the QT interval. Conclusions —These findings show that the acute systemic application of W-7 and H-8 is hemodynamically tolerated and indicate that kinase inhibition may be a viable antiarrhythmic strategy.
Diet, Foraging Patterns, and Resource Defense in a Mixed Species Troop of Saguinus Mystax and Saguinus Fuscicollis in Amazonian Peru

In the Amazon Basin of northeastern Peru, moustached (Saguinus mystax) and saddle-back (S. fuscicollis) tamarins form stable mixed species assemblages in which groups of each species feed, forage, rest, travel and cooperatively defend a territory throughout the entire year. Data presented indicate that despite extreme overlap in feeding and ranging behavior, a change in troop size did not have a significant affect on dietary preferences, activity budgets, day range, foraging effort, and the number and length of daily feeding bouts of either resident species. The larger troop, however, was more successful at defending major feeding trees than the smaller troop. Unsuccessful resource defense resulted in a decrease in time spent feeding and foraging, and an increase in the distance traveled to the next major feeding site. It is proposed that within-troop feeding competition is generally not a critical factor in the feeding ecology of this mixed species tamarin troop. Rather, the formation of such a troop enables each resident species to more effectively exploit and defend a set of productive feeding trees.
Changes in the gene expression of collagens, fibronectin, integrin and proteoglycans during matrix-induced bone morphogenesis

Abstract Subcutaneous implantation of demineralized bone matrix in rat results in the local cartilage and bone development. This in vivo model of bone formation was used to examine the expression patterns of cartilage and bone specific extracellular matrix genes. The steady state levels of mRNA in implants for cartilage specific type II collagen, type IX collagen, proteoglycan link protein and cartilage proteoglycan core protein (aggrecan) were increased during chondrogenesis and cartilage hypertrophy. Fibronectin mRNA levels were high during mesenchymal cell migration, attachment and chondrogenesis. Integrin (β1 chain) mRNA was expressed throughout the endochondral bone development. Type I collagen mRNA levels in implants increased as early as day 3, reached its peak during osteogenesis. These gene markers will be useful in the study of the mechanism of action of bone morphogenetic proteins present in the demineralized bone matrix.
The differential geometry of heart values

Abstract Heart valves when closed consist of membranes under tension bearing a pressure load. Along the lines where the leaflets meet, special support structures under tension are needed (a fibrous ridge for the arterial valves and a network of cords for the atrioventricular valves). The equilibrium of these supports requires that the valve leaflets form cusps along each line of closure. In the aortic and pulmonary valves there is evidence that the stress in the leaflet is borne by a single family of load-bearing fibers covering the surface. Under this hypothesis, we derive a differential equation for the leaflet and show that the fibers are geodetic lines under constant tension. During the large motions of valve opening and closure certain constraints are imposed on the surface metric by the presence of (almost) inextensible fibers in the surface. The severity of the constraints depends on the number of independent families of fibers.
Role of the sodium pump and the background K+ channel in passive K+(Rb+) uptake by isolated cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.

A simple procedure was developed for the isolation of a sarcolemma-enriched membrane preparation from homogenates of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) heart. Crude microsomes obtained by differential centrifugation were fractionated in Hypaque density gradients. The fraction enriched in surface membrane markers consisted of 87% tightly sealed vesicles. The uptake of86Rb+ by the preparation was measured in the presence of an opposing K+ gradient using a rapid ion exchange technique. At low extravesicular Rb+ concentrations, at least 50% of the uptake was blocked by addition of 1mm ouabain to the assay medium. Orthovanadate (50 μm), ADP (2.5mm), or Mg (1mm) were also partial inhibitors of Rb+ uptake under these conditions, and produced a complete block of Rb+ influx in the presence of 1mm ouabain. When86Rb+ was used as a tracer of extravesicular K+ (Rb 0 + ≦40 μm K 0 + =0.1–5mm) a distinct uptake pathway emerged, as detected by its inhibition by 1mm Ba2+ (K 0.5=20 μm). At a constant internal K+ concentration (K in + =50mm) the magnitude of the Ba2+-sensitive K+ uptake was found to depend on K 0 + in a manner that closely resembles the K+ concentration dependence of the background K+ conductance (I Kl) observed electrophysiologically in intact cardiac cells. We conclude that K+ permeates passively this preparation through two distinct pathways, the sodium pump and a system identifiable as the background potassium channel.
Structure and Evolutionary History of the Solar System, III

In this fourth and last part of our analysis, the first section (14) contains a study of the chemical composition of the planets and satellites. A sharp distinction is made between the large quantity of speculations about the interiors of the bodies and the rather meagerfacts known with a reasonable degree of certainty. It is shown, however, that the latter are sufficient todisprove the old concept of a Laplacian disc of homogeneous chemical composition. There is asystematic variations in the chemical composition of planets (and probably also of satellites) so that heavy elements are more abundant in the outermost and in the innermost regions of the systems. Section 15 containsa study of meteorites. These have earlier been interpreted in terms of ‘exploded planets’ and condensation processes in thermodynamic equilibrium. It is shown that such models are irreconcilable with the laws of physics and also with the meteoritic observations. These instead are found toprovide abundant information on the processes in jet streams and on early fractionation and condensation. Further work along these lines supplemented with other solar system materials studies may lead to a detailed reconstruction of important events in the evolution of the solar system. Section 16 demonstrates that the location of the different groups of secondary bodies is a result of a plasma phenomenon occurring at the critical velocity limit. These have recently been studied in detail in the laboratory but have not yet been fully applied to astrophysics.Groups of bodies in the planetary and the satellite systems related by the critical velocity shouldhave the same gravitational potential. There are large chemical differences between groups of different gravitational potential. This is reconcilable with the chemical differentiation found in Section 14. Finally, Section 17 deals with thestructure of the different groups of bodies and shows that the mass distributionis a function of the spin of the central body. Summarizing the properties and distribution of bodies in the solar system against this background, it is shown that there isno need for ‘missing planets’ or to explode hypothetical large bodies. Nor is there any justification for involvingdrastic ad hoc changes in the orbits of existing bodies. The scheme is complete in the sense that in all places where groups of bodies are expected, such bodies are actually found. All of the existing bodies are accounted for (with the exception of the small Martian satellites!). The general conclusion is that already with the empirical material now availableit is possible to suggest a series of basic processes leading to the present structure of planet and satellite systems in an internally consistent way. With the expected flow of data from space research the evolution of the solar system may eventually be described with about the same confidence and accuracy as the geological evolution of the Earth.
English-only policies: Perceived Support and Social Limitation

Abstract The growth in language minorities in the USA is matched by an increase in language policies encapsulated by the English-only movement and support for policies controlling immigration and health/welfare services to immigrants. A re-analysis of data obtained from a telephone survey in Santa Barbara, California ( n =389) investigated if support for English-only policies among Anglo-Americans is related to perceptions about a decreasing gap between Anglo-American group vitality and that of Latino group vitality (i.e., relative vitality). The influence of Spanish mass media and level of language group identity is also assessed. A structural equation model summarizing the relationships between these factors is proposed. The final SEM indicates that English-only policies are one form of social limitation. Support for English-only policies is positively related to level of language group identity and negatively related to Spanish mass media. Support for social limitation among Anglo-Americans is negatively related to relative vitality.
Electrochemical detection of glutathione using redox indicators.

The nucleophilic addition of the aminothiols homocysteine (HCY), cysteine (CYS), and glutathione (GSH) to the electrogenerated quinone of fluorone black (1) via the ECE mechanism is reported. It is demonstrated that 1 selectively reacts with GSH to form the bis-GSH adduct, 1−(GSH)2, while only the monothiol adducts were generated in the presence of HCY and CYS (1−HCY and 1−CYS, respectively). The more anodic Epa of 1−(GSH)2 relative to 1 and 1−GSH (ΔEpa ∼ +0.14) is the voltammetric signature that allows the discrimination of GSH from HCY and CYS. It is also shown that the presence of structurally similar aminothiolsHCY and CYSposed no interference to the signature voltammetric response of 1−(GSH)2.
Amplitude and kinematic corrections of migrated images for nonunitary imaging operators

Obtaining migrated images with meaningful amplitudes is a challenging problem when the migration operator is not unitary. One possible solution to this problem is iterative inversion. However, inversion is an expensive process that can be rather difficult to apply, especially with 3D data. In this paper, I propose estimating migrated images similar to the least-squares inverse images by approximating the inverse Hessian, thus avoiding the need for iterative inversion. The inverse Hessian is approximated with a bank of nonstationary matching filters. These filters are not exact impulse responses and are limited in their ability to mimic the full effects of least-squares inversion. Tests on two data sets show that this filtering approach gives results similar to iterative least-squares inversion at a lower cost. This technique is flexible enough to be applied to images migrated from zero-offset or angle-domain common-image-point gathers.
Sequential galactosyltransferase and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in advanced breast carcinoma.

UDP-galactosyltransferase (GT), an enzyme that functions in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins, has recently been found to be a sensitive biologic tumor marker. In the present study, sequential GT levels were compared to simultaneous CEA determinations to establish which biomarker more accurately reflects changes in tumor activity in patients receiving therapy for advanced breast carcinoma. Serum levels of GT and CEA were measured each month in 38 patients undergoing combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma. The results were correlated with the objective responses observed to chemotherapy during this period. Prior to the institution of chemotherapy, significant serum GT elevations were observed in 84.2% (3238) of the patients, while 55.3% (2138) had elevations in levels of CEA. During therapy 71.4% (1014) and 50% (714) of the GT and CEA levels, respectively, decreased in patients who had an objective response to therapy. In the patients whose disease progressed on therapy, 75% (1824) had significant increases in GT levels during this interval, while 41.6% (1024) had increases in CEA (P < 0.01). Furthermore, in 11 patients (29.5%) serum GT alterations correctly reflected changes in tumor activity, while CEA levels remain static. These data indicate that GT is more sensitive than CEA as a marker for breast carcinoma and suggest that GT may be clinically useful in the management of patients with metastatic breast disease.