cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sr isotopic disequilibrium in lherzolites from the Puerco necks, New Mexico

Abstract Sr isotopic ratios in coexisting minerals in a lherzolite inclusion from the Puerco necks, 60 miles west of Albuquerque, New Mexico, are significantly different. Petrographic and chemical data indicate that these inclusions are typical of other localities except that the composition of each mineral in the ultramafic inclusion appears to be independent of the mode and is homogeneous among dunites, lherzolites and websterites. The lherzolites have 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios higher than their host Pliocene basalts. It seems likely that the lherzolites are fragments of a part of the mantle which was not involved in any significant thermal event which could have restored isotopic equilibrium during Mesozoic time. Carter's partial fusion-partial crystallization model for the origin of ultramafic inclusions is unacceptable for the Puerco inclusions.
Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides from Glycoprotein Digests Using Ion-Pairing Normal-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Detailed structural analysis of glycoproteins requires methods capable of isolating glycopeptides from tryptic digests of purified glycoproteins and complex protein mixtures. Here, we describe the selective and reproducible isolation of glycopeptides from a peptide mixture using ion-pairing normal-phase chromatography (IP-NPLC). The addition of inorganic monovalent ions in normal-phase chromatography appears to increase the hydrophobicity difference between peptides and glycopeptides, allowing for more efficient separation. Our data show that IP-NPLC effectively enriches glycopeptides from a tryptic digest of ribonuclease B, bovine fetuin, and a complex mixture of glycoproteins, when compared with normal-phase chromatography alone. The results of the IP-NPLC experiments can be explained using the Wimley−White water/octanol free energy scale to illustrate the hydrophobicity difference of nonglycosylated peptides with and without ion-pairing. We believe that IP-NPLC will be an important tool in glycoprotein...
Quantitative Sampling of Fish Populations in Shallow, Freshwater Environments

Abstract Most of the usual methods for studying fish populations have been ineffective when applied in the shallow, freshwater marshes of southern Florida. Exceptions are devices which trap fish by rapidly enclosing a known area of marsh. Of these, pull-up traps are best suited for sampling large areas for relatively large or widely dispersed fish, whereas drop traps with bottom nets are the most efficient for studies of small species at permanent sampling sites. Each produces comparable but consistently biased results due to habitat disturbance. The most precise data on shallow water fish communities are obtained by use of bottomless drop traps which are moved to new sites for each sample.
Isolation of the thyroid peroxidase complex

A procedure for the isolation and purification of a thyroid peroxidase complex is presented. The preparation can readily be completed in 1–2 days and gives yields of 30–50% of the peroxidase present in the thyroid. This preparation has a high molecular weight of approx. 200 000 as estimated by gel filtration. Disc gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, a procedure which gives monomeric subunit size shows that the monomer is approx. 70 000. The enzyme preparation is free of contaminating hemoproteins and appears to have a protoheme prosthetic group. The preparation has a turnover number for guaiacol oxidation of 8·103 moles/min per heme prosthetic group, and for the iodination of tyrosine of 200 moles/min per heme. When the preparation is treated with trypsin there is a marked loss in the ability of the enzyme to catalyze iodination while the ability of the enzyme to catalyze guaiacol oxidation is unaffected.
Endogenous inhibitor of ligand binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

: An endogenous inhibitor of L-[3H]quinuclinidinyl benzilate binding to the brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was identified. [3H]Quinuclinidinyl benzilate binding to rat brain synaptosomes was measured using a filtration assay. The inhibitor was prepared from several calf tissues and was found in highest specific activity in thymus. The loss of binding activity was slow, requiring a 30–40 min preincubation of the synaptosomes with the inhibitor, and reversed by removing the inhibitor by washing the membranes. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed that the inhibition was noncompetitive resulting from both a decrease in affinity and a decrease in the number of binding sites. Zn2+ was required in low concentrations for this effect. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in synaptic membranes and in membranes free of most peripheral membrane proteins was still sensitive to inhibition. Preliminary characterization of the inhibitory molecule showed that it is of low molecular weight, moderately heat-stable, and acidic. The inhibitor was inactivated by reagents that are nonspecific for nucleophiles, but not by reagents specific for primary amine or thiol groups.
Arylsulfatase inactivation of slow reacting substance. Evidence for proteolysis as a major mechanism when ordinary commercial preparations of the enzyme are used

Abstract Type II B arylsulfatases are known to inactivate slow reacting substance (SRS), but the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, ordinary commercial preparations of Sigma limpet arylsulfatase largely inactivated the glutathionyl and cysteinyl-glycyl forms of SRS, but the cysteinyl form of SRS was largely resistant to the enzyme. Evidence is presented which established that a major mechanism for the inactivation of the glutathionyl and cysteinyl-glycyl SRS types, at least by the particular enzyme preparations we have studied, involves cleavage of the glycine moiety from the sulfur containing side chain. This was confirmed by digestion studies with glutathione itself. In addition, there is ome evidence to indicate that the enzyme may destabilize the double bond structure of the SRS molecule, contributing to the overall inactivation.
Ethanol-induced modification of sensory evoked potentials recorded from the caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, and pineal

Abstract Modifications of the averaged sensory acoustic-evoked response (AAER) were examined following intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.67 g/kg). Changes in the evoked responses were correlated with blood alcohol concentration. Evoked field potentials from freely behaving rats previously implanted with stainless-steel semimicroelectrodes stereotaxieally were recorded simultaneously from the head of the caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, ventromedial hypothalamus, and pineal. Following ethanol administration, all four regions exhibited a general pattern of initial evoked response suppression (decreased component amplitudes) followed by gradual recovery in which the magnitude of suppression was directly related to the blood ethanol concentration. However, whereas more than 90% of the evoked response recordings from the caudate (P2 and N2 components) demonstrated significant amplitude decreases at maximum alcohol levels, fewer than 35% of recordings obtained from the substantia nigra exhibited such decreases. Moreover, the absolute magnitude of amplitude attenuation of the evoked responses was markedly greater in the caudate than in the substantia nigra. The responses recorded from the hypothalamus and pineal exhibited a similar pattern of suppression which was distinct from that recorded from the caudate and substantia nigra. The recovery profile of individual evoked response components (P2, N2, and p2) as compared to alcohol levels was also observed to vary between the different brain areas examined. These results demonstrate a heterogeneous physiological response to acute ethanol exposure in four distinct brain regions mediating motor and neuroendocrine functions.
Cell interactions in invertebrate development

Abstract By utilizing both genetics and physical manipulations, studies on invertebrate embryos have provided substantial information on how cell interactions influence cell fate during development. The picture emerging from these studies suggests that while there may be varied and intricate patterns of cell interactions during the development of different embryos, the signaling molecules that convey positional information across cell membranes have been highly conserved.
Constraints on the lake volume required for hydro-fracture through ice sheets.

[1] Water-filled cracks are an effective mechanism to drive hydro-fractures through thick ice sheets. Crack geometry is therefore critical in assessing whether a supraglacial lake contains a sufficient volume of water to keep a crack water-filled until it reaches the bed. In this study, we investigate fracture propagation using a linear elastic fracture mechanics model to calculate the dimensions of water-filled cracks beneath supraglacial lakes. We find that the cross-sectional area of water-filled cracks increases non-linearly with ice sheet thickness. Using these results, we place volumetric constraints on the amount of water necessary to drive cracks through ∼1 km of sub-freezing ice. For ice sheet regions under little tension, lakes larger than 0.25–0.80 km in diameter contain sufficient water to rapidly drive hydro-fractures through 1–1.5 km of subfreezing ice. This represents ∼98% of the meltwater volume held in supraglacial lakes in the central western margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Individual differences in children's and adults' suggestibility and false event memory

Abstract In this article, we provide an overview of the emerging area of research concerning individual differences in children's memory, suggestibility, and false event reports. We begin with a discussion of recent research on children's false event memories. We then review research and theory concerning sources of individual differences in children's memory and suggestibility, including both cognitive (e.g., understanding of dual representations, source monitoring, imaginativeness, and event knowledge), and social-personality (e.g., attachment styles and temperament, parent-child communication, and sequelae of maltreatment) influences, and we highlight implications of these sources for children's false event reports. Finally, we examine how individual-difference factors proposed to mediate adults' false memories relate to those that may mediate children's false memories.
Control and Simulation of Relative Motion for Aerial Refueling in Racetrack Maneuvers

T HIS paper focuses on the development of an integrated simulation environment and control algorithms for a receiver aircraft in boom–receptacle refueling (BRR) operation while the tanker flies in a racetrack maneuver. A racetrack maneuver is the standard pattern flown by tanker aircraft, with straight legs and bank turns [1]. This paper applies the earlier work by the authors on mathematical modeling of relative motion [2,3] and aerodynamic coupling [4] to the simulation of aerial refueling, and it develops control laws for the motion of the receiver relative to the tanker that flies in racetrack maneuvers. An integrated simulation environment is developed to take into account tanker maneuvers, motion of the receiver relative to the tanker, and the aerodynamic coupling due to the trailingwake vortex of the tanker. The separate dynamicmodel of the tanker, including its own controller, allows the simulation of the standard racetrack maneuvers of the tanker in aerial refueling operations. The mathematical model of the receiver expressed in terms of the relative position and orientation with respect to the tanker’s body frame facilitates the formulation, in a single framework, of maneuver and stationkeeping of the receiver behind the tanker. For the racetrack maneuvers of the tanker, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR)-based multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) state feedback and integral control technique is developed to track commanded speed, altitude, and yaw rate. Similarly, for the relative motion of the receiver, an LQR-based MIMO state feedback and integral control technique is designed to track the commanded trajectory expressed in the body frame of the tanker. Both controllers schedule their corresponding feedback and integral gains based on the commanded speed and yaw rate of the tanker. The tanker aircraft model represents KC-135R, and the receiver aircraft model is a tailless fighter aircraft with innovative control effectors (ICE) and thrust-vectoring capability. Because the receiver has redundant control variables, various control allocation schemes are investigated for trajectory tracking and stationkeeping while the tanker flies in various racetrack maneuvers with different commanded turn rates.
Shell model approach to collectivity in pseudo spin-orbit coupling

Abstract A technique is described for shell model calculations in the newly suggested k - i representation of single particle states. The technique allows microscopic calculations for the structure of medium and heavy nuclei in spaces which are truncated in an analogy with the assumptions of the interacting boson model (IBM). The present technique incorporates all the power and generality of standard shell model calculations and provides a unified approach to even-even, even-odd and odd-odd nuclei.
Molecular photonics of a highly nonlinear organic fiber core liquid for picosecond–nanosecond optical limiting application

Abstract Recently obtained results of optical limiting studies with picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses in a nonlinear organic fiber core liquid L34 are analyzed with a model that accounts for linear, two-photon, intermediate, and excited-state absorptions. Explicit expressions for the laser induced molecular level density changes, and the nonlinear transmission and optical limiting of picosecond laser pulses are obtained. These theoretical considerations and experimental results enable us to characterize the limiting effectiveness of L34 and several nonlinear fiber core liquids. In particular, the roles played by two-photon, intermediate and excited-state absorptions of picosecond and nanosecond laser pulse pulses through ILC cored fibers and bulk films are thoroughly examined. In the nanosecond time scale, significant contributions from thermal/density effects are detected. Together with new insights into the complex intensity-dependent nonlinear transmission in the liquid fiber cores, we have also demonstrated the feasibility of using such fiber arrays for limiting picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses to below the eye/sensor damage level.
A Simple Population Model with Qualitatively Uncertain Dynamics

Abstract Basins of attraction of nonlinear systems can be “riddled”; arbitrarily close to any point in a riddled basin are neighboring points which go to a different attractor. I present two chaotically forced single-species population models with riddled basins of attraction. As a result of this complex basin structure, the ultimate survival of these populations is effectively unpredictable. Riddled basins produce a level of unpredictability qualitatively greater than the familiar sensitive dependence on initial conditions within a single chaotic attractor, or the unpredictability caused by multiple attractors with fractal basin boundaries.
A Legal Evaluation of Criminal Competency Standards Competency to Stand Trial, Competency to Plead Guilty, and Competency to Waive Counsel

A criminal defendant may not be tried unless competent and may not plead guilty or waive the right to counsel unless the waiver is voluntary, knowing, and intelligent. A competency inquiry centers on a defendant's rational and factual understanding of the charges and their consequences and present ability to assist counsel. Competency is not static, changing according to situation and function. In its 1993 ruling, Godinez v. Moran, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the standard for competency to waive counsel and plead guilty is no higher than competency to stand trial, resulting in a relaxed focus for competency determinations.
Warning Messages: Will the Consumer Bother to Look?

One way to encourage the safe use of potentially hazardous household products is to provide a warning message on the label. But will the consumer bother to look at the message? In Experiment 1 subjects were asked to imagine themselves purchasing a number of household products. They then rated the products on skin-contact hazard, inhalation hazard, swallowing hazard and overall hazard. They also rated the likelihood that they would look for a warning and how familiar they were with the product. In Experiment 2 more detailed information about familiarity with products was collected along with hazard ratings. Together the results of the two experiments indicate that subjects do discriminate products on overall hazard. They also rate skin contact hazard lowest, inhalation hazard intermediate and swallowing hazard highest. The more hazardous they perceive a product, the more likely they will look for a warning. Further, females are more likely to look for warnings than males. Also, perceived hazard varies inve...
A Connectionist Approach to Embodied Conceptual Metaphor

A growing body of data has been gathered in support of the view that the mind is embodied and that cognition is grounded in sensory-motor processes. Some researchers have gone so far as to claim that this paradigm poses a serious challenge to central tenets of cognitive science, including the widely held view that the mind can be analyzed in terms of abstract computational principles. On the other hand, computational approaches to the study of mind have led to the development of specific models that help researchers understand complex cognitive processes at a level of detail that theories of embodied cognition (EC) have sometimes lacked. Here we make the case that connectionist architectures in particular can illuminate many surprising results from the EC literature. These models can learn the statistical structure in their environments, providing an ideal framework for understanding how simple sensory-motor mechanisms could give rise to higher-level cognitive behavior over the course of learning. Crucially, they form overlapping, distributed representations, which have exactly the properties required by many embodied accounts of cognition. We illustrate this idea by extending an existing connectionist model of semantic cognition in order to simulate findings from the embodied conceptual metaphor literature. Specifically, we explore how the abstract domain of time may be structured by concrete experience with space (including experience with culturally-specific spatial and linguistic cues). We suggest that both EC researchers and connectionist modelers can benefit from an integrated approach to understanding these models and the empirical findings they seek to explain.
Scale and performance in the CoBlitz large-file distribution service

Scalable distribution of large files has been the area of much research and commercial interest in the past few years. In this paper, we describe the CoBlitz system, which efficiently distributes large files using a content distribution network (CDN) designed for HTTP. As a result, CoBlitz is able to serve large files without requiring any modifications to standard Web servers and clients, making it an interesting option both for end users as well as infrastructure services. Over the 18 months that CoBlitz and its partner service, CoDeploy, have been running on PlanetLab, we have had the opportunity to observe its algorithms in practice, and to evolve its design. These changes stem not only from observations on its use, but also from a better understanding of their behavior in real-world conditions. This utilitarian approach has led us to better understand the effects of scale, peering policies, replication behavior, and congestion, giving us new insights into how to better improve their performance. With these changes, CoBlitz is able to deliver in excess of 1 Gbps on PlanetLab, and to outperform a range of systems, including research systems as well as the widely-used BitTorrent.
Influences of dietary polyunsaturated or saturated fats and of concanavalin-a upon proliferation of spleen lymphoid cells from rats

Abstract The effects of dietary polyunsaturated and saturated fats upon several metabolic phenomena were studied in rats. These included phospholipid (PL) levels in unstimulated spleen lymphoid cells (SLC) and serum; in vitro proliferation of unstimulated SLC from the two groups of rats; the influence of mitogenic concanavalin-A (Con-A) on in vitro proliferation of SLC from the two groups of rats; and the influence of serum from the two groups of rats on SLC proliferation. Weanling male Long-Evans rats were fed ad libitum either a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-adequate (safflower oil, SO) or PUFA-deficient (coconut oil, CNO) diet for 21 days. Growth was significantly less in the CNO group than in the SO group. Food intake was not different for the dietary groups. Unstimulated SLC and serum of CNO rats showed changes in fatty acid composition of PL typical of tissue PL in essential fatty acid-deficient (EFA-D) rats. Unstimulated SLC from the two groups cultured in medium containing serum from the same groups showed equivalent rates of in vitro proliferation. In vitro proliferations of SLC were influenced: by the dietary source of SLC but not by the dietary source of serum, used in the culture medium, when the cells were stimulated by suboptimal doses of Con-A; by the dietary source of serum but not by the dietary source of SLC when the cells were stimulated by the optimal dose of Con-A; and by an interaction between source of SLC and serum, when the cells were stimulated by a supra-optimal dose of Con-A. The present study indicates that in vitro proliferation of SLC from PUFA-adequate and PUFA-deficient rats is influenced by both the dietary source of serum used in the culture medium and the concentration of Con-A used for stimulation of the SLC.
Vaste est la prison: Assia Djebar tracing a new path – writing the Algerian woman out of her confinement

The present paper is part of a longer project examining national allegory and variations on the topos of nation as woman in modern and postmodern novels by Arab women writers. The question of how novelists such as Assia Djebar of Algeria use this Arab narrative tradition once employed mainly by Arab men writers is explored. How Djebar uses the embodiment of nation as woman is examined in relation to the gaze and women's body, voice, and sexuality some 30 years after Algeria and its women were supposed to be liberated in a war of independence against colonial France. In reality, at the time of writing, Algeria had sunk into a bloody civil war. In this study of metaphors linking land and body, psychoanalytical images and terminology come to the fore, as Djebar employs psychoanalytical theory to delve into the layers of history, personal, collective, and national, that lead her to repeat and elaborate with her own variations upon these archaic comparisons, which she relates to her own symptoms of hysteria. W...
Latino Immigration and Representation in Local Politics

Theories of racial politics argue that areas with large minority population are characterized by greater levels of policy equity, yet empirical research often fails to find evidence for this predic...
Summary of the first network-centric sensing community workshop, Netted Sensors: a Government, Industry, and Academia Dialogue

The MITRE Corporation recently hosted the first Netted Sensors Community Workshop in McLean, Virginia, on 24 October - 26 October 2005. The Workshop was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The goal was to establish and sustain an annual Netted Sensors workshop that brings together Government, Industry and Academia to accelerate the development and transition of appropriate Netted Sensor technologies to solve real world problems. The workshop provided a forum focused on the application of netted sensing research and development (R&D) activities to solve existing and future Department of Defense (DoD), Intelligence Community (IC), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and Environmental sensing problems. The Netted Sensors workshop brought together the Science and Technology (S&T) community, Industry, and Government / Military organizations to (1) share, discuss and disseminate new R&D results, (2) highlight new commercial products and technologies, and (3) identify and discuss nationally important sensing problems suitable for Netted Sensing solutions. This paper provides a summary of the presentations that were made at the workshop as well as recommendations for future workshops.
Quantitative studies of the relationships between infecting dose of Rous sarcoma virus, antiviral immune response, and tumor growth in chickens.

Abstract The development of virus-neutralizing antibody in chickens following infection with various doses of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was investigated. When high doses of virus were used, the initial rise in antibody occurred about 5 days after development of a size 3 tumor (approximately 1 gram). With low doses of virus the time of development of the immune response was less regular. The rate and amount of antibody production appeared to be independent of initiating dose of virus. Whether the tumor grew rapidly or slowly or regressed was unrelated to levels of serum antibody. Maternal antibody was found in yolk of unincubated eggs and in young chickens and disappeared rapidly, the half-life being 8 days, and it had no measurable effect on susceptibility of chickens to RSV infection. Passive immunization of chickens with very large doses of RSV immune serum produced a transient delay in tumor response when high or low challenge doses of RSV were used, and a small reduction of tumor incidence when low challenge doses were used. Passive immunization did not affect the rate of tumor growth once tumors had appeared. The results are discussed and the conclusion drawn that antiviral immune response has little, if any, effect on the growth of Rous sarcomas in chickens once the tumor is produced.
Residual resistivity vs. short-range order in Cu3Au∗☆

Abstract The electrical resistivity of Cu 3 Au has been measured at 77°K after quenches from various temperatures above T c , the critical temperature for long-range order, The resistivity decreases with increasing quench temperature up to 485°C, and measurements at 4°K show essentially the same behavior. The origin of this resistance decrease is assigned to short-range order. This decrease of residual resistivity in Cu 3 Au with decreasing short-range order is opposite to the results of the author's previous measurements on α brass. Some implications of these two types of resistivity behavior are discussed.
Revisioning the unification of syntax, semantics and statistics in shape analysis

Abstract Hidden patterns, rendered visible by hindsight, often stand revealed as strong influences. Rama Chellappa’s lab in the mid to late ’80s molded our character and scholarship in more ways than one. Rama ably handled the transition from image processing to computer vision and established an applied math and computing infrastructure from which we continue to benefit. In particular, the themes important to King-Sun Fu— syntax, semantics and statistics —were all debated in Rama’s lab at that time. We argue that this triad remains important. With syntactic representations losing mindshare to statistics, we remain in the hunt for unification. And with the syntax versus semantics debate unresolved, it deserves a hearing as well. We offer two themes—uncertainty and interaction—to aid in the process of unification. First, we show that complex wave functions carry probabilistic location information in their magnitude and syntactic (curve) information in their phase while representing uncertainty at a fundamental level. Next, after reviewing work in analytic philosophy, we connect semantics to intentional, mental content. Analytic philosophy reminds us to take human experience seriously but remaining physicalist if possible. To this end, we introduce a nondualist interactionist model of experience, wherein compositional (physical) subjects are constantly shaping and being shaped by a physical world. We then demonstrate that wave functions can accommodate interaction, closely tracking previous work in physics on the measurement problem. The linearity and superposition properties of wave functions allow for literal addition of waves created by human interaction with shapes. Finally, we briefly survey the current situation in the human–computer interaction (HCI) field and argue that mathematical models of interaction akin to those in pattern recognition can aid HCI. We close by arguing that we can follow in Fu’s footsteps and incorporate the mathematical modeling of human interaction into pattern recognition.
Ring chromosome 8 syndrome: further characterization.

We describe two de novo cases of extra r(8) confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Based on these two and eight additional cases of extra r(8) confirmed by FISH, the phenotype is better documented. One of our patients had minor facial anomalies, near-normal growth, and neurological development. She had a ring in each cell analyzed. The second had minor craniofacial anomalies and growth and mental retardation. He had a small or double-sized ring in each cell. The phenotype of these 10 cases ranges from almost normal in an adult with 10% mosaicism to variable degrees of minor anomalies, growth retardation, and mental retardation overlapping the mosaic +8 syndrome.
Diode Opening Switch Based Nanosecond High Voltage Pulse Generators for Biological and Medical Applications

Studies of short (few ns) pulse cell electroperturbation require high-voltage nanosecond pulses delivered to low-impedance (10 Omega) electroporation cuvette loads. Here we present two pulse generators for these applications. The generators comprise of three stages of pulse modulation: an LC resonant stage switched by IGBT/MOSFET; a magnetic pulse compression stage; and a diode opening switch output stage. The all-solid-state design results in reproducible pulses and reliable, long-life operation. Pulses produced by the LC resonant stage are compressed using nonlinear properties of the magnetic material. The compressed pulses are fed to the diode opening switch, which is constructed by series and parallel connecting ordinary automotive rectifying diodes. Two versions of the pulse generator are described: The first version is capable of generating 20 ns wide, 4.5 kV amplitude pulses of 20 Hz repetition rate. A second version generates 5 ns, 7.5 kV amplitude pulses into the same 10 Omega cuvette load.
Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Narcissistic Injury in Marital Separation and Divorce

The psychological processes involved in marital separation and divorce often include strong felt narcissistic (self-esteem) injury. Recent developments in the psychology of narcissism can be applied for the therapeutic amelioration of such injuries. The main therapeutic task involves getting beneath ego-preserving resistance behaviors to underlying infantile fantasies of self-importance and unconditional valuing by others, which must be interpreted and worked through. The therapist's own ego is used for support and help in restoring lost narcissistic gratifications. Meaningful interpersonal relationships can then be established without felt vulnerability and need for ego protection likely to block feelings of intimacy.
Factors affecting long-term survival following renal artery stenting.

Introduction: This study defines clinical variables at the time of renal artery stenting that may be predictors of long-term all-cause mortality. Methods: The data are derived from the single operator, single center, renal stent retrospective study (SOCRATES) and includes a review of 748 (336 men, 412 women) consecutive symptomatic patients with de novo atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis treated over an 11-year period. All patients had clinical indications for renal revascularization, including, but not limited to; suboptimal control of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cardiac disturbance syndromes. Clinical variables at the time of the index procedure were evaluated as predictors of all-cause mortality using multivariate analysis. Mortality data were derived from hospital records and formal queries of the State Department of Health and Human Services, Health and Vital Statistics Division database. Results: In-hospital, 30-day and 6-month mortality rates were 0.5, 2.0, and 6.3%, respectively. Overall patient survival at years 1, 5, and 10 was 91.2, 66.6, and 40.9%, respectively. Comorbid conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure, were independently associated with increased mortality. There were incremental changes in mortality in patients with baseline azotemia, [preprocedure serum creatinine (sCr) 1.5–2.09 mg/dL hazard ratio 1.52; sCr >2.5 mg/dL hazard ratio 3.39]. Therapy with lipid lowering agents offered a survival advantage (hazard ratio 0.69, P = 0.0.049); however, this study was not designed to evaluate a “protective effect” of lipid lowering medications. Conclusions: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure undergoing renal artery stent revascularization have a poor long-term prognosis. Baseline azotemia is the strongest independent predictor of all cause mortality, with more than 70% of patients with marked azotemia (sCr >2.5) dead at 5 years. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Assessment of Canine Vocal Fold Function after Injection of a New Biomaterial Designed to Treat Phonatory Mucosal Scarring

Objectives:Most cases of irresolvable hoarseness are due to deficiencies in the pliability and volume of the superficial lamina propria of the phonatory mucosa. By using a US Food and Drug Administration–approved polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), we created a novel hydrogel (PEG30) and investigated its effects on multiple vocal fold structural and functional parameters.Methods:We injected PEG30 unilaterally into 16 normal canine vocal folds with survival times of 1 to 4 months. High-speed videos of vocal fold vibration, induced by intratracheal airflow, and phonation threshold pressures were recorded at 4 time points per subject. Three-dimensional reconstruction analysis of 11.7 T magnetic resonance images and histologic analysis identified 3 cases wherein PEG30 injections were the most superficial, so as to maximally impact vibratory function. These cases were subjected to in-depth analyses.Results:High-speed video analysis of the 3 selected cases showed minimal to no reduction in the maximum vibratory...
Synoptic climatology of 500 mb circulation changes during explosive cyclogenesis

Abstract Changes in the 500 mb circulation are examined near and during each of 141 explosive surface cyclogenesis cases during the period 1 September 1980 through 31 May 1987 (June through August excluded) over the western half of the Northern Hemisphere. Two types of circulation changes evident in the geopotential height fields are investigated: 1) amplification of 500 mb troughs and/or ridges in which the explosively deepening cyclones (bombs) are imbedded and 2) formation of 500 mb cyclones (closed lows) or anticyclones (closed highs) near the bombs. By either stratification, most bombs in the sample are found not to be associated with nearby 500 mb circulation changes on the time scale of the explosive deepening. Relatively weak bombs are more likely to be associated with identifiable circulation changes than those which are moderate or strong. Antecedent conditions for the bomb-related circulation changes are examined. For example, bombs associated with 500 mb trough (ridge) amplifications are conne...
Computerized physician order entry systems: the coming of age for outpatient medicine.

Davis discusses a new study in PLoS Medicine that evaluates the effectiveness of automated computerized alerts at reducing prescription errors in a primary care setting.
Trafficking and Replication Patterns Reveal Splenic Macrophages As Major Targets of Dengue Virus in Mice

Human postmortem studies of natural dengue virus (DENV) infection have reported systemically distributed viral antigen. Although it is widely accepted that DENV infects mononuclear phagocytes, the sequence in which specific tissues and cell types are targeted remains uncharacterized. We previously reported that mice lacking alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptors permit high levels of DENV replication and show signs of systemic disease (T. R. Prestwood et al., J. Virol. 82:8411-8421, 2008). Here we demonstrate that within 6 h, DENV traffics to and replicates in both CD169(+) and SIGN-R1(+) macrophages of the splenic marginal zone or draining lymph node, respectively, following intravenous or intrafootpad inoculation. Subsequently, high levels of replication are detected in F4/80(+) splenic red pulp macrophages and in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Intravenously inoculated mice begin to succumb to dengue disease 72 h after infection, at which time viral replication occurs systemically, except in lymphoid tissues. In particular, high levels of replication occur in CD68(+) macrophages of the kidneys, heart, thymus, and gastrointestinal tract. Over the course of infection, proportionately large quantities of DENV traffic to the liver and spleen. However, late during infection, viral trafficking to the spleen decreases, while trafficking to the liver, thymus, and kidneys increases. The present study demonstrates that macrophage populations, initially in the spleen and other lymphoid tissues and later in nonlymphoid tissues, are major targets of DENV infection in vivo.
A regional scale modeling study of atmospheric transport and transformation of mercury. I. Model development and evaluation

Abstract A three-dimensional regional scale air quality model was developed to study the atmospheric transport, transformation and deposition of mercury (Hg) by formulating and incorporating mercury chemistry, cloud processes, and air–surface exchanges into the framework of Sarmap Air Quality Model (SAQM). Three mercury species were included: elemental mercury Hg(0), divalent mercury Hg(II), and particulate mercury Hg(p). Precipitating clouds, co-existing non-precipitating clouds, and fair weather clouds were considered in modeling the in-cloud transformation processes. A formulation of bi-directional air-surface exchange of elemental mercury was used for emission from, and dry deposition to, natural surfaces. Preliminary evaluation of the model was conducted by comparing six major weekly output variables, including ambient Hg concentrations and Hg concentration in precipitation, with corresponding measurements at eight monitoring stations in Connecticut for a summer week and a winter week. Model predictions of surface-level gaseous Hg concentrations were close to measured levels, agreeing to within 12% on average, about half the estimated error in measurements. The predicted Hg concentrations in precipitation were 50% higher than measured values on average, slightly lower than the estimated 60% error in measurements. The model was shown to be capable of predicting hourly concentrations and deposition fields of the three Hg species as well as in-cloud transformation of Hg(0) by each of the three cloud types, and useful in analyzing the effects of various controlling factors on the transport and transformation of Hg species in the atmosphere.
Leech photoreceptors project their galectin‐containing processes into the optic neuropils where they contact AP cells

We characterized a subset of leech sensory afferents, the photoreceptors, in terms of their molecular composition, anatomical distribution, and candidate postsynaptic partners. For reagents, we used an antiserum generated against purified LL35, a 35 kD leech lactose-binding protein (galectin); monoclonal antibody (mAb). Lan3-2, which is specific for a mannose-containing epitope common to the full set of sensory afferents; and dye injections. Photoreceptors differ from other types of sensory afferents by their abundant expression of galectin. However, photoreceptors share in common with other sensory modalities the mannose-containing epitope recognized by mAb Lan3-2. Photoreceptors from a given segment project their axons directly into the CNS ganglion innervating the same segment. They assemble in a target region, the optic neuropil, which is separate from the target regions of other sensory modalities. They also extend their axons as an optic tract into the connective to innervate optic neuropils of other CNS ganglia, thereby providing extensive intersegmental innervation for the 33 CNS ganglia comprising the leech nerve cord. Because of its intimate contact with the optic neuropil, a central neuron, the AP effector cell, is a strong candidate second order visual neuron. In confocal images, the AP cell projects its primary axon for about 100 μm alongside the optic neuropil. In electron micrographs, spines emanating from the axon of the AP cell make contact with vesicle laden nerve terminals of photoreceptors. Leech photoreceptors and their second order visual neurons represent a simple visual system for studying the mechanisms of axonal targeting. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of transmutation and high neutron fluence on materials used in fission-fusion correlation experiments

Abstract This paper explores the response of three different materials to high fluence irradiation as observed in recent fusion-related experiments. While helium at fusion-relevant levels influences the details of the microstructure of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys somewhat, the resultant changes in swelling and tensile behavior are relatively small. Under conditions where substantially greater-than-fusion levels of helium are generated, however, an extensive refinement of microstructure can occur, leading to depression of swelling at lower temperatures and increased strengthening at all temperatures studied. The behavior of these alloys is dominated by their tendency to converge to saturation microstructures which encourage swelling. Irradiations of nickel are dominated by its tendency to develop a different type of saturation microstructure that discourages further void growth. Swelling approaches saturation levels that are remarkably insensitive to starting microstructure and irradiation temperature. The rate of approach to saturation is very sensitive to variables such as helium, impurities, dislocation density and displacement rate, however. Copper exhibits a rather divergent response depending on the property measured. Transmutation of copper to nickel and zinc plays a large role in determining electrical conductivity but almost no role in void swelling. Each of these three materials offers different challenges in the interpretation of fission-fusion correlation experiments.
Simple basics: little things that make us look stupid

This list of 41 “Stupid Things that Libraries Do” was largely culled from public library practitioners’ postings on the PUBLIB electronic discussion list. Libraries must take action to ensure that their operations, and particularly their public services, are unhampered by these common bad practices. By identifying possible failings in advance, librarians can better place themselves to meet the expectations of their users, and provide the professional service expected of them.
Comparison of Cyclic and Linear Forms of Somatostatin in the Inhibition of Growth Hormone, Insulin and Glucagon Secretion1

The relative potency of cyclic and linear somatostatin in their inhibitory action on GH, insulin and glucagon secretion was assessed in 7 normal adult men. Administration of linear or cyclic somatostatin as a single intravenous bolus (50 mug) resulted in a prompt and concomitant decline in both insulin and glucagon. While both peptides elicited a quantitatively similar suppression of glucagon secretion, the decline in basal insulin level was greater with the cyclic than with the linear preparation. Both the linear and cyclic form of somatostatin appears to be more potent in the inhibition of insulin than glucagon. No discernable change in plasma glucose and GH levels was observed.
Reliable and rapidly-converging ICP algorithm using multiresolution smoothing

Autonomous range acquisition for 3D modeling requires reliable range registration, for both the precise localization of the sensor and combining the data from multiple scans for view-planning computation. We introduce and present a novel approach to improve the reliability and robustness of the ICP (iterative closest point) 3D shape registration algorithm by smoothing the shape's surface into multiple resolutions. These smoothed surfaces are used in place of the original surface in a coarse-to-fine manner during registration, which allows the algorithm to avoid being trapped at local minima close to the global optimal solution. We used the technique of multiresolution analysis to create the smoothed surfaces efficiently. Besides being more robust, convergence is generally much faster, especially when combined with the point-to-plane error metric of Chen and Medioni. Since the point-to-plane error metric has no closed-form solution, solving it can be slow. We introduce a variant of the ICP algorithm that has convergence rate close to it but still uses the closed-form solution techniques (SIT) or unit quaternion methods) of the original ICP algorithm.
Cloning, characterization, and expression of the transforming growth factor‐β type I receptor promoter in fetal rat bone cells

Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) binds several discrete membrane proteins. Of these, a type I receptor appears indispensable for signal transduction. Previous examination of TGF-β receptor expression has been limited to changes in cell surface protein, and more recently, mRNA abundance. In order to learn more about TGF-β function and receptor expression during osteogenesis, we have now cloned a 4 kilobase (kb) DNA fragment 5' proximal to the coding region of the rat TGF-β type I receptor gene. Sequence analysis revealed multiple elements compatible with transcription initiation, including a properly positioned and oriented CCAAT box, six Sp1 binding sites (three defining GC boxes), and two strong AP2 binding sites within a 0.7 kb span directly upstream of the coding region. The 3' terminal 0.3 kb span comprises a GC-enriched (77%) so-called CpG island that, like other similarly organized promoters, lacks a TATA box. Primer extension and RNase protection studies with cRNAs from this area show multiple initiation sites within 220 bp 5' proximal to the initial methionine codon. Transient transfections using nested, deleted, and inverted promoter sequences demonstrated maximal reporter expression by a 1 kb fragment encompassing all of these elements. Truncation of the 1 kb fragment from the 5' and 3' ends indicated the need for several elements for peak promoter activity. These results, and transfections in fetal rat bone and dermal cells, suggest that this promoter contains elements that specify basal and conditional expression of the TGF-β type I receptor in bone. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diversification patterns and long‐term corporate performance

This study examines the relationship between diversification patterns of corporations and their long-term performance. It is seen that the standard performance measures suggested in corporate finance literature rate all corporations equally in the long run regardless of their diversification strategies. This is because all corporations tend to earn a normal rate of return, given risk, for their shareholders in generally efficient capital markets. Since finance performance measures are not helpful in analyzing corporate performance, use of other measures is suggested for the purpose.