cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of daily versus intermittent sunscreen application on solar simulated UV radiation-induced skin response in humans

Abstract Background: Acute and chronic skin damage occurs as a consequence of solar UV radiation exposure. To diminish such skin damage, the dermatologic community advocates the daily use of sunscreens as part of a sun avoidance strategy. Objective: We determined the effectiveness of a sunscreen product with a sunscreen protection factor (SPF) of 15 applied daily in preventing UV-induced histologic damage in human skin compared with the protection afforded by sunscreens with equal or higher SPF applied intermittently. Methods: Twenty-four subjects were exposed to 2 minimal erythema doses of solar-simulated UV on 4 consecutive days. Three sunscreen products were applied to the buttock of each subject. One SPF 15 product was applied daily before exposure to UV and, to simulate intermittent product use, an SPF 15 or SPF 29 product was applied on 3 of 4 days, with one missed application on days 2, 3, or 4. Skin biopsy specimens were taken and processed for routine and immunohistochemical staining. Changes in number of sunburn cells and Langerhans cells as well as degree of inflammatory infiltrate and lysozyme immunostaining were determined. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the number of sunburn cells, degree of inflammation, and intensity of lysozyme staining, and there was a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells at sites where sunscreen application was missed as compared with unirradiated control and daily SPF 15 sunscreen-treated sites. Conclusion: Our data suggest that daily use of a sunscreen reduces the skin damage produced by UV exposure compared with intermittent use of equal or higher SPF products. The daily application of sunscreens in appropriate quantities reduces the harmful effects of solar UV radiation on skin. Compliance is essential for maximal benefit of sunscreens. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:610-8.).
Biodegradable Polyesters from Renewable Resources

Environmental concerns have led to the development of biorenewable polymers with the ambition to utilize them at an industrial scale. Poly(lactic acid) and poly(hydroxyalkanoates) are semicrystalline, biorenewable polymers that have been identified as the most promising alternatives to conventional plastics. However, both are inherently susceptible to brittleness and degradation during thermal processing; we discuss several approaches to overcome these problems to create a balance between durability and biodegradability. For example, copolymers and blends can increase ductility and the thermal-processing window. Furthermore, chain modifications (e.g., branching/crosslinking), processing techniques (fiber drawing/annealing), or additives (plasticizers/nucleating agents) can improve mechanical properties and prevent thermal degradation during processing. Finally, we examine the impacts of morphology on end-of-life degradation to complete the picture for the most common renewable polymers.
Modestly Overweight Women Have Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction

Background Vascular endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the atherosclerotic process and is predictive of cardiovascular prognosis. However, the association between specific cardiovascular risk factors and endothelial dysfunction in women has not been well characterized. This study examined the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2, current smoking, age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and family history of early coronary heart disease) in a population of women that included those already being treated for risk factors. Methods Endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery ultrasound flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in 185 consecutive women without a history of coronary heart disease. Women with hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia were allowed to continue on their usual therapy. Results There was an inverse linear association between age and FMD. Subjects who were active smokers had lower FMD compared with nonsmokers, and subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had lower FMD than subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. FMD in overweight women (BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2) was similar to that of obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index, current smoking, and age were independent predictors of endothelial dysfunction in this population. Conclusion Modestly elevated BMI, smoking, and age predict endothelial dysfunction in women, even in the presence of treatment for other atherosclerotic risk factors. These findings demonstrate the importance of modest elevation in BMI as a risk factor for impaired vascular health in women, and underscore the need for focusing further attention on lifestyle modification as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differentiating amongst characteristics associated with problems of professional competence: Perceptions of graduate student peers

Limited previous literature on peers influenced by students with problems of professional competence has descriptively focused on rates of peer identification and actions in response to identification. Prior research has suggested that students who exhibit diminished functioning due to life stressors or psychological distress may be qualitatively different than students who lack the capacity to ever perform the duties of a competent professional psychologist. Thus, the current study explored peer perceptions of various problems that graduate students in professional psychology might experience. A survey given to a cross-section of clinical psychology doctoral-level students found that (a) awareness of policies regarding identification of problem students is associated with degree of faith in faculty effectiveness in handling student issues, (b) students differently perceived trait problems (e.g., lack of self-awareness, immaturity) from externalizing psychopathology (e.g., drug and alcohol problems) and other indices of psychological distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, financial strain), and (c) peers who are seen as lacking capacity to achieve competence are perceived less sympathetically and are recommended for different remediation strategies compared with students with diminished functioning. Implications for program policies and the function of graduate programs as gatekeepers are discussed.
Angiosarcoma of the Bladder After Therapeutic Irradiation for Prostate Cancer

Angiosarcomas are high grade sarcomas of vascular origin that rarely arise in the bladder. Several agents are known to predispose to angiosarcoma formation, including ionizing radiation. Multiple criteria, including histological confirmation, have been proposed for determining when such lesions are radiation related and all have been fulfilled in our case. To our knowledge we report the first case of angiosarcoma of the bladder 13 years after therapeutic irradiation for prostate cancer and only the second case of post-irradiation bladder angiosarcoma.1
Constitutive Relationships for Fluid-Solid Mixtures

Constitutive equations are derived for the rapid shear flow of a mixture formed from granular solids in a fluid. The stress state within the mixture is considered to be created by the momentum exchange between colliding solids. The constitutive equations describe the shear and normal stresses as a function of the velocity gradient, friction and restitution coefficients of the solids, the fluid drag coefficient for the particle shape and the density of the solid and fluid constituents. The theoretical results agree well with the results obtained from numerous laboratory experiments.
Applications of personal computers in geophysics

Since 1981, the use of personal computers (PCs) to increase productivity has become widespread. At present, more than 5 million personal computers are in operation for business, education, engineering, and scientific purposes. Activities within AGU reflect this trend: KOSMOS, the AGU electronic network, was introduced this year, and the AGU Committee on Personal Computers, chaired by W.H K. Lee (U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.), was recently formed. In addition, in conjunction with the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting, this committee is organizing a personal computer session and hands-on demonstrations to promote applications of personal computers in geophysics.
Biological control of insect pests on greenhouse marigolds.

In four trials conducted in 1986 and 1987, inundative releases of the parasitic wasp Diglyphus begini (Ashmead) reduced Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) populations in greenhouse marigolds grown for seed to approximately zero within 8 wk of the first release, and they remained at that level for the duration of the crop. The parasitoid populations within the greenhouses were a direct result of the releases and subsequent reproduction and not because of migration. Releases of Encarsia formosa Gahan and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens may have been responsible for the maintenance of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, Aphis gossypii Glover, and Myzus persicae Sulzer at acceptable levels in three of four trials. Spot applications of Bacillus thuringiensis successfully controlled Lepidoptera species. Under successful biological control conditions, the upper foliage of the plants at the end of the trials sustained leafminer damage of 0–1.2 mines per leaf.
Forebulge migration in the Cretaceous Western Interior basin of the central United States

This study combines stratigraphic evidence with geodynamic modelling to demonstrate that a forebulge played an identifiable role in Cenornanian-Turonian erosion and sediment accumulation in the North American Western Interior basin. The early to middle \\\'furonian forebulge migrated progressively eastwards, and by the upper middle Turonian acted as a ‘backstop\\\' against which barrier islands formed in the axial basin. This paper focuses on the progressive migration of an unconformity on the forebulge. The lengthwise orogen-parallel orientation and time-transgressive orogen-normal migration of the forebulge unconformity are characteristics that differentiate it from unconformities developed on reactivated basement structures. We present a conceptual model in which the unconformity formed as the seafloor was uplifted by forebulge-related flexure to a water depth at which submarine bypass and erosion occurred. A numerical model that describes forebulge migration in response to load dispersal by erosion of the orogenic front and sedimentation into the foredeep indicates that the distance from the thrust front to the forebulge is within reasonab1e bounds established using a flexural rigidity of 3 x 10 24 Nm. We identify architecturally similar, coeval unconformities from Montana to New Mexico, and interpret the similar distance from the thrust front to a point where each unconformity dissipates as indicative of a uniform lithospheric flexural response along the orogenic front. Here we ascribe cratonward (west-to-east) forebulge migration to erosional load redistribution whereas orogen-parallel (north-south) stratigraphic climb of the forebulge unconformities developed in response to depocentre migration. Inherited lithospheric inhomogeneities may have allowed the forebulge in central Colorado to crest farther from the orogen than to the north and south.
Effects of a Single Biodose of Ultraviolet Radiation upon the Speed of College Women

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of a single suberythemic biodose on the speed of college women running the 30-yd. dash. Three trials were given on two consecutive days one hour after radiation. A double blind testing procedure was followed. Ultraviolet and incandescent radiation was alternated. Time was automatically recorded to .01 sec. A significant difference occurred in the third trial under the experimental condition. All other data favored the ultraviolet treatment but not significantly. It was concluded that a single biodose of ultraviolet radiation below threshold levels aids the speed of college women on the 30-yd. dash.
Selection of mast by granivorous rodents of the central hardwood forest region

We used cafeteria-style feeding trials with 8 types of mast in various combinations to examine differences in resource selection among 5 syntopic species of granivorous forest rodents in west-central Indiana. Patterns of resource selection corresponded to differences in phylogeny and body size of granivores, with greatest similarities among closely related species of similar body size. Breadth of resource use varied inversely with body size in our trials. Resource selection by Sciurus carolinensis, S. niger, and Tamiasciurus hudsonicus was correlated positively with caloric and lipid content of mast and its size, whereas selection by Glaucomys volans was correlated negatively with the percentage of protective tissue associated with seeds. Laboratory trials indicated that T. hudsonicus and G. volans discriminate among mast of comparable physical and chemical composition on the basis of size, with a preference for larger seeds. Contrary to our expectations, T. hudsonicus, a recent immigrant from the boreal forest, did not exhibit a preference for seeds of red pine (Pinus resinosa) relative to mast of hardwood species. G. volans and Peromyscus leucopus tended to consume perishable white oak acorns immediately and to cache a substantial portion of less perishable seeds of nonpreferred species. Our results demonstrate the potential for considerable overlap in resource use among members of this guild. Guild members also seem to be affected differentially by physical and chemical properties of mast, and patterns of resource selection reflect contrasting foraging constraints under which these animals operate.
Aquarius Active/Passive RFI Environment at L-Band

Active/Passive instrument combinations (i.e., radiometer and radar) are being developed at L-band for remote sensing of sea surface salinity and soil moisture. Aquarius is already in orbit and SMAP is planned for launch in the Fall of 2014. Aquarius has provided for the first time a simultaneous look at the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) environment from space for both active and passive instruments. The RFI environment for the radiometer observations is now reasonably well known and examples from Aquarius are presented in this manuscript that show that RFI is an important consideration for the scatterometer as well. In particular, extensive areas of the USA, Europe and Asia exhibit strong RFI in both the radiometer band at 1.41 GHz and in the band at 1.26 GHz employed by the Aquarius scatterometer. Furthermore, in areas such as the USA, where RFI at 1.4 GHz is relatively well controlled, RFI in the scatterometer band maybe the limiting consideration for the operation of combination active/passive instruments.
Crossover and ethical pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese

Ethical pronouns, used to express that someone is negatively affected by the content of the main assertion, cannot co-refer with referential elements in the same clause in Brazilian Portuguese. I propose a syntactic account for this constraint in co-reference by showing that ethical pronouns undergo A’-movement to a projection in the split IP system (called OrientP), in order to check a feature [+S] related to the sentential force and speaker orientation. While undergoing this movement, if the ethical pronoun crosses a co-indexed phrase, it causes a strong crossover violation in the sense of Postal 1971, Wasow 1972, Lasnik 1976.
A North American H7N3 influenza virus supports reassortment with 2009 pandemic H1N1 and induces disease in mice without prior adaptation

UNLABELLED Reassortment between H5 or H9 subtype avian and mammalian influenza A viruses (IAV) can generate a novel virus that causes disease and transmits between mammals. Such information is currently not available for H7 subtype viruses. We evaluated the ability of a low-pathogenicity North American avian H7N3 virus (A/shorebird/Delaware/22/2006) to reassort with mammalian or avian viruses using a plasmid-based competition assay. In addition to genome segments derived from an avian H7N9 virus, the H7N3 virus reassorted efficiently with the PB2, NA, and M segments from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (PH1N1) virus.In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the H7N3:PH1N1 (7 + 1) reassortant viruses revealed that the PB2, NA, or M segments from PH1N1 largely do not attenuate the H7N3 virus, whereas the PB1, PA, NP, or NS genome segments from PH1N1 do. Additionally, we assessed the functionality of the H7N3:PH1N1 7 + 1 reassortant viruses by measuring the inflammatory response in vivo We found that infection with wild-type H7N3 resulted in increased inflammatory cytokine production relative to that seen with the PH1N1 strain and that the increase was further exacerbated by substitution of PH1N1 PB2 but not NA or M. Finally, we assessed if any adaptations occurred in the individually substituted segments after in vivo inoculation and found no mutations, suggesting that PH1N1 PB2, NA, and M are genetically stable in the background of this H7N3 virus. Taking the data together, we demonstrate that a North American avian H7N3 IAV is genetically and functionally compatible with multiple gene segments from the 2009 pandemic influenza virus strain without prior adaptation. IMPORTANCE The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus continues to circulate and reassort with other influenza viruses, creating novel viruses with increased replication and transmission potential in humans. Previous studies have found that this virus can also reassort with H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. We now show that several genome segments of the 2009 H1N1 virus are also highly compatible with a low-pathogenicity avian H7N3 virus and that these reassortant viruses are stable and not attenuated in an animal model. These results highlight the potential for reassortment of H1N1 viruses with avian influenza virus and emphasize the need for continued surveillance of influenza viruses in areas of cocirculation between avian, human, and swine viruses.
Infertility as Seen Through the Lens of Uncertainty in Illness Theory

Infertility affects approximately 10% to 20% of the childbearing age population worldwide. As infertility affects people from all socioeconomic levels and cuts across all racial, ethnic and religious lines, it is a community health problem of significant import. Infertile women report their infertility to be the worst crisis of their lives, experienced as more significant than divorce or the loss of a parent. Yet, it is a condition that is coped with largely in secret among couples and their health care providers. The inability to have children threatens the very essence of some people's being and self-worth in their family and society. Most research on infertility has been based on theories of stress and coping, but has neglected the concept of uncertainty, which has been shown to significantly affect the infertility experience. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical context for the study of infertility, and to offer partial explanation for what may be driving advanced reproductive technology choices among infertile couples. Mishel's Theory of Uncertainty in Illness, a functional theory that has been used across health care disciplines is applied to infertility. A conceptual model of the theory is presented, explained and critiqued for its usefulness in understanding the lived experience of infertility. Understanding the role of uncertainty offers important implications for care providers, researchers and their infertile clients.
Substantially improved in vivo radiosensitization of rat glioma with mutant HSV-TK and acyclovir.

We recently demonstrated in vitro that a mutant HSV-TK (mutant 75) expressed from an adenovirus (AdCMV-TK75) radiosensitized rat RT2 glioma cells significantly better than wild type HSV-TK (AdCMV-TK) in combination with acyclovir (ACV). To examine whether a similar improvement could also be observed in vivo, we tested these viruses in a syngeneic rat glioma tumor model (RT2/Fischer 344). First, we demonstrate that treatment with AdCMV-TK and ACV significantly radiosensitizes implanted gliomas and roughly doubles the mean survival time to 37 days, compared to 20 days for control animals implanted with Adbetagal-transduced cells (P<.02). Second, it was important to first examine the effect of AdCMV-TK75 and ACV on survival without any irradiation. We found that AdCMV-TK75 appeared to sensitize gliomas more efficiently than AdCMV-TK, although this difference was not significant ( P= .19 ). Third, and most importantly, in combined HSV-TK, ACV and irradiation experiments, we demonstrate that AdCMV-TK75 is superior over AdCMV-TK and significantly (P<.005) prolonged the survival of treated animals. Our results suggest that AdCMV-TK75 is far more efficient than AdCMV-TK in radiosensitizing rat glioma when administered in combination with ACV.
Density-Based Partitioning Methods for Ground-State Molecular Calculations

With the growing complexity of systems that can be treated with modern electronic-structure methods, it is critical to develop accurate and efficient strategies to partition the systems into smaller, more tractable fragments. We review some of the various recent formalisms that have been proposed to achieve this goal using fragment (ground-state) electron densities as the main variables, with an emphasis on partition density-functional theory (PDFT), which the authors have been developing. To expose the subtle but important differences between alternative approaches and to highlight the challenges involved with density partitioning, we focus on the simplest possible systems where the various methods can be transparently compared. We provide benchmark PDFT calculations on homonuclear diatomic molecules and analyze the associated partition potentials. We derive a new exact condition determining the strength of the singularities of the partition potentials at the nuclei, establish the connection between charge-transfer and electronegativity equalization between fragments, test different ways of dealing with fractional fragment charges and spins, and finally outline a general strategy for overcoming delocalization and static-correlation errors in density-functional calculations.
Problem Patrons: All Shapes and Sizes

Summary Every type of library will inevitably have problem patrons, but this article focuses mainly on public and academic libraries. As the times have changed, so has the magnitude of the problem patrons. Problems of the past seem irrelevant compared to some of the problems we are currently facing. Discussed in this article are particular types of problem behavior, including, but not limited to anger, harassment of staff, and homelessness. The types of each category include examples to illustrate each concern, and possible remedies.
Identity Crisis: The Limitations of Expanding Government Recognition of Gender Identity and the Possibility of Genderless Identity Documents

Trans rights advocates and allies are celebrating as governments around the world relax their standards for obtaining a particular sex designation and expand the available options for gender markers appearing on identity documents (IDs). While this increasing flexibility and diversity will improve the daily lives of countless trans and intersex people, it also raises the question of why government-issued identity documents designate gender at all. This question is particularly pressing for gender nonconforming people and nonbinary people for whom the compulsory inclusion of any gender marker may be especially harmful.As anatomy and identity become less presumptively linked and governments begin to acknowledge the complexity of gender, various countries have adopted a range of new approaches to sex designation. Many of the burgeoning solutions provide immediate, much-needed relief for binary transgender people who identify as male or female. Advocates have rightly prioritized gaining access to gender-affirming ID over abolishing gender from government ID in a world where gender recognition is still critical for survival. However, these approaches also illustrate how the state’s increasing respect for an individual’s gender identity and openness in recognizing more than two sexes simultaneously results in heightened anxiety over accuracy and security. The increased focus on accurately designating gender identity on government IDs is harmful to gender variant people overall and re-entrenches the primacy of fixed and binary gender. In supporting the state’s quest to “get it right,” advocates reinforce its hold over an aspect of identity that should belong only to the individual.This Article describes the sex designation policies of a number of international jurisdictions, arguing that each of them falls short by making such designations compulsory, and positing that even making sex designations optional carries a price. Specifically, it highlights New York City’s decision, launched at the beginning of 2015, to make sex an optional field on its new municipal IDs. The Article then identifies U.S. birth certificates as a strategic place to start the process of removing sex from government ID, based on their form, history, and use. Ultimately, the Article concludes that, so long as such documents include a sex designation field, new and seemingly progressive government policies of gender inclusivity harmfully reify sex classification. Therefore, it is time to envision genderless ID.
System perspectives for mobile platform design in m-Health

Advances in integrated circuit technologies have led to the integration of medical sensor front ends with data processing circuits, i.e., mobile platform design for wearable sensors. We discuss design methodologies for wearable sensor nodes and their applications in m-Health. From the user perspective, flexibility, comfort, appearance, fashion, ease-of-use, and visibility are key form factors. From the technology development point of view, high accuracy, low power consumption, and high signal to noise ratio are desirable features. From the embedded software design standpoint, real time data analysis algorithms, application and database interfaces are the critical components to create successful wearable sensor-based products.
Activatable Water-Soluble Probes Enhance Tumor Imaging by Responding to Dysregulated pH and Exhibiting High Tumor-to-Liver Fluorescence Emission Contrast.

Dysregulated pH has been recognized as a universal tumor microenvironment signature that can delineate tumors from normal tissues. Existing fluorescent probes that activate in response to pH are hindered by either fast clearance (in the case of small molecules) or high liver background emission (in the case of large particles). There remains a need to design water-soluble, long circulating, pH-responsive nanoprobes with high tumor-to-liver contrast. Herein, we report a modular chemical strategy to create acidic pH-sensitive and water-soluble fluorescent probes for high in vivo tumor detection and minimal liver activation. A combination of a modified Knoevenagel reaction and PEGylation yielded a series of NIR BODIPY fluorophores with tunable pKas, high quantum yield, and optimal orbital energies to enable photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) activation in response to pH. After intravenous administration, Probe 5c localized to tumors and provided excellent tumor-to-liver contrast (apparent T/L = 3) because ...
Body measurements of newborn calves and relationship of calf shape to sire breeding values for birth weight and calving ease.

Body measurements on Angus- (n = 374) and Polled Hereford-sired (n = 438) calves were used to quantify calf shape via multivariate factor analysis, and measurements on Polled Hereford-sired calves were further used to investigate relationships between calf shape and sire expected progeny differences (EPD) for birth weight and first-calf calving ease. Calf birth weight, head circumference, shoulder width, hip width, heart girth, cannon bone circumference and length, and body length were recorded at 24 h postpartum. Sire birth weight EPD was positively associated (P less than .05) with all calf measures but only with head and cannon circumference after adjustment for phenotypic birth weight and gestation length. Thus, at constant birth weight, calves from higher birth weight EPD bulls tended to have larger cannon and head circumferences. Calving ease EPD was negatively related (P less than .05) to all calf measures except shoulder width. After adjustment for birth weight, only cannon circumference was associated with calving ease EPD, and this effect was removed by additional adjustment for birth weight EPD. Thus, at constant birth weight, bulls with higher EPD for calving ease sired calves with smaller cannon circumference, but at constant birth weight EPD, body measures were not associated with calving ease EPD. Factor analysis defined underlying skeletal width and frame components of shape (independent of birth weight) for both sire breeds. Calf shape differed among sires and was in part explained by birth weight EPD. No additional variation in shape was explained by calving ease EPD. Calf shape seemed to add no information for prediction of dystocia to that provided by birth weight EPD.
Facilitated DNA transfer to rat submandibular gland in vivo and GRP-Ca gene regulation

The internalization of DNA can be facilitated by adenovirus infection. Using the replication-deficient adenovirus, Ad-dl312, and a plasmid-based firefly luciferase gene as a reporter, we have optimized the uptake and expression of DNA in rat submandibular glands in vivo. Luciferase expression is transient and peaked at approximately 18 h after infection. Luciferase activity increased with plasmid concentration and was greatest at 10(9) to 10(10) plaque-forming units of Ad-dl312 per gland. We next examined the expression in vivo of plasmids containing deletions of the glutamine/glutamic acid-rich protein (GRP-Ca isoform) gene upstream region linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter. Constructs with 9.4, 6.3, and 2.7 kb and 17 base pairs of upstream sequence gave relative CAT activities of 100, 30, 7.6, and 38.5, respectively. With the 9.4-kb GRP-Ca construct, CAT was preferentially expressed in acinar cells, which is characteristic of GRP. This gene transfer approach should prove useful in the further study of gene expression in salivary glands and other organs.
Maynard and Iris: Environmental Keynesianism and deep democracy

To address the deep contradictions in social and economic life that motivated Keynes, I propose a combination of “environmental Keynesianism” and “deep democracy.” Massive state investment in infrastructure and environmental remediation would be an excellent way of soaking up capital in the ground, thus responding to the overaccumulation crisis feared by Keynes. Deep democracy, proposed by Iris Marion Young, proposes a sustained political engagement at different scales with different interlocutors on different issues. This is a kind of politics that, she suggests, requires people to pay attention to each other’s circumstances, needs and beliefs and thereby arrive at outcomes perceived as fair and fairly arrived at.
An Extended Pell Family

This chapter presents an extended Pell family of polynomial functions g n (x), which includes the Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, and Pell–Lucas polynomials. Using the power of matrices and determinants, we will develop a Cassini-like formula for this extended family, from which the corresponding formulas for the four sub-families will follow fairly quickly.
New antenna designs and forms for the band of 60–100 GHz

The release of an extremely wide spectrum of microwaves frequencies 60-100 GHz for commercial and others applications has greatly spurred the research and development of microwave ultra wideband (UWB) technology for communications, imaging, radar, and localization applications. In accordance, many techniques to broaden the impedance bandwidth of small antennas and to optimize the characteristics of the broadband antennas have been widely investigated. This article presents a new form of planar antennas based on an elementary form the butterfly and the antenna forms are the cascade of many butterflies. These antennas are simulated using the IE3D software from Zeeland and compared with the FEKO software.
Computed tomography findings associated with the risk for emergency ventral hernia repair

Abstract Background Conventional wisdom teaches that small hernia defects are more likely to incarcerate. We aim to identify radiographic features of ventral hernias associated with increased risk of bowel incarceration. Methods We assessed all patients who underwent emergent ventral hernia repair for bowel complications from 2009 to 2015. Cases were matched 1:3 with elective controls. Computed tomography scans were reviewed to determine hernia characteristics. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify variables associated with emergent surgery. Results The cohort consisted of 88 patients and 264 controls. On univariate analysis, older age, higher ASA score, elevated BMI, ascites, larger hernias, small angle, and taller hernias were associated with emergent surgery. On multivariable analysis, morbid obesity, ascites, smaller angle, and taller hernias were independently associated with emergent surgery. Conclusions The teaching that large defects do not incarcerate is inaccurate; bowel compromise occurs with ventral hernias of all sizes. Instead, taller height and smaller angle are associated with the need for emergent repair. Early elective repair should be considered for patients with hernia features concerning for increased risk of bowel compromise.
Imaging and enhancement characteristics of coccidioidomycosis nodules assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography

Abstract Objective To describe the dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCECT) appearance of pulmonary nodules related to infection with coccidioidomycosis. Methods Retrospective review of a database of DCECTs identified a subset of patients with pulmonary nodules related to coccidioidomycosis. General and DCECT imaging characteristics of these nodules were evaluated. Results 16 of the 44 nodules identified (36.4%) showed enhancement on DCECT imaging. The majority (74.9%) of enhancing nodules demonstrate delayed (3 or 4 min) peak enhancement. The majority (88.6%) of the 44 nodules were either smooth or lobulated in appearance. Only 1 (2.3%) of the nodules was cavitary. 19 (43.2%) of the nodules had adjacent satellite nodules. DCECT can be a useful study to help characterize pulmonary nodules in areas with endemic Coccidioides with an expected false-positive rate of ∼30–40%. Biopsy could potentially be averted in 60–70% of nodules by evaluating with DCECT prior to tissue sampling. Conclusion When combined with morphological, serological, clinical, and historical information DCECT can be a powerful tool for reducing the number of benign nodules being biopsied and/or resected.
Matchmaking in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation: Optimizing Catalysts based on Mechanistic Insight

ConspectusCatalyst-transfer polycondensation (CTP) has emerged as a useful living, chain-growth polymerization method for synthesizing conjugated (hetero)arene-based polymers with targetable molecular weights, narrow dispersities, and controllable copolymer sequences—all properties that significantly influence their performance in devices. Over the past decade, several phosphine- and carbene-ligated Ni- and Pd-based precatalysts have been shown to be effective in CTP. One current limitation is that these traditional CTP catalysts lead to nonliving, non-chain-growth behavior when complex monomer scaffolds are utilized. Because these monomers are often found in the highest-performing materials, there is a significant need to identify alternative CTP catalysts. Recent mechanistic insight into CTP has laid the foundation for designing new catalysts to expand the CTP monomer scope. Building off this insight, we have designed and implemented model systems to identify effective catalysts by understanding their u...
Eosinophilic Nodular Dermatoses

This article describes the etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of various equine nodular diseases. Although of different etiologies, this group of diseases shares a common histologic reaction pattern characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and collagen degeneration. Collagenolytic granuloma, axillary nodular necrosis, unilateral papular dermatosis/eosinophilic folliculitis, amyloidosis, habronemiasis, and mast cell tumors are discussed.
Sylow permutability in soluble minimax groups

A PST-group is a group in which Sylow permutability is a transitive relation. A classification is given of the soluble minimax groups whose finite quotients are PST-groups.
Behavioral Mediators of Weight Loss in Two Group-based Behavioral Interventions in Older Adults

ABSTRACTBackground: Understanding the mechanisms by which behavioral interventions exert their effects is important. Purpose: To examine behavioral mediators of weight loss in a sample of older adults participating in an evidence-based physical activity (PA) or nutrition intervention. Methods: Participants (n = 46) were randomized to a 12-week, group-based PA or nutrition intervention. Self-reported dietary behaviors and objectively measured PA and weight were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. A multiple mediator model examined whether PA, fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, and fat- and fiber-related behaviors mediated weight loss. Results: Improvements in fiber-related behaviors was a significant mediator of weight loss among those in the nutrition intervention group. PA, F&V consumption, and fat-related behaviors were not significant mediators. Discussion: Understanding how interventions exert their effects on health-related outcomes such as weight loss is critical in order to create the most effec...
AI-augmented time stretch microscopy

Cell reagents used in biomedical analysis often change behavior of the cells that they are attached to, inhibiting their native signaling. On the other hand, label-free cell analysis techniques have long been viewed as challenging either due to insufficient accuracy by limited features, or because of low throughput as a sacrifice of improved precision. We present a recently developed artificial-intelligence augmented microscope, which builds upon high-throughput time stretch quantitative phase imaging (TS-QPI) and deep learning to perform label-free cell classification with record high-accuracy. Our system captures quantitative optical phase and intensity images simultaneously by frequency multiplexing, extracts multiple biophysical features of the individual cells from these images fused, and feeds these features into a supervised machine learning model for classification. The enhanced performance of our system compared to other label-free assays is demonstrated by classification of white blood T-cells versus colon cancer cells and lipid accumulating algal strains for biofuel production, which is as much as five-fold reduction in inaccuracy. This system obtains the accuracy required in practical applications such as personalized drug development, while the cells remain intact and the throughput is not sacrificed. Here, we introduce a data acquisition scheme based on quadrature phase demodulation that enables interruptionless storage of TS-QPI cell images. Our proof of principle demonstration is capable of saving 40 TB of cell images in about four hours, i.e. pictures of every single cell in 10 mL of a sample.
The prevalence and effect of burnout on graduate healthcare students

Burnout is a growing epidemic among professional healthcare students. Unaddressed burnout has been shown to have psychological and performance related detriments. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to investigate the prevalence of burnout and its effects on the psychological, professional, empathetic ability, and academic acuity of graduate healthcare students. Inclusion criteria included English language papers published within the last 10 years and subjects in graduate healthcare professional programs. This search encompassed 8,214 articles. After title and abstract screening, 127 articles remained and were sorted into five domains of interest: etiology, professionalism, mental health, empathy, and academic performance. After duplicates were removed, 27 articles remained for the scoping review. Graduate level healthcare students had higher levels of burnout than age matched peers and the general population. The high prevalence of burnout within graduate healthcare students can have an effect on their mental health, empathy, and professional conduct. Understanding the occurrence and effects of burnout within graduate healthcare programs allows faculty and administration to plan curriculum, and provide information to students to understand, recognize, and create opportunities to decrease burnout in order to create long lasting quality clinicians.
World Society, World Polity, and the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being, 1990–2011

Research on the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB), a measure representing a country9s development in terms of both environmental and human well-being, often explores the role of economic development, while the effects of other aspects of global integration remain under-explored. I use macro-comparative sociological perspectives to investigate the extent to which theories of global integration help explain variation in countries’ CIWB over time. I evaluate propositions drawn from neoinstitutional world society and world polity theories using longitudinal modeling techniques to analyze data from 81 countries from 1990 to 2011. I also examine subsets of more and less developed countries and compare production- and consumption-based measures of CIWB. I find that world society/world polity integration is associated with a reduction in CIWB only in more developed nations, and only when using the production measure for CO 2 emissions, highlighting the complexities of sustainable development in an unequal global system.
KISS: "Key It Simple and Secure" Corporate Key Management

Deploying a corporate key management system faces fundamental challenges, such as fine-grained key usage control and secure system administration. None of the current commercial systems (either based on software or hardware security modules) or research proposals adequately address both challenges with small and simple Trusted Computing Base (TCB). This paper presents a new key management architecture, called KISS, to enable comprehensive, trustworthy, user-verifiable, and cost-effective key management. KISS protects the entire life cycle of cryptographic keys. In particular, KISS allows only authorized applications and/or users to use the keys. Using simple devices, administrators can remotely issue authenticated commands to KISS and verify system output. KISS leverages readily available commodity hardware and trusted computing primitives to design system bootstrap protocols and management mechanisms, which protects the system from malware attacks and insider attacks.
Doing away with the “shmagency” objection to constitutivism

Constitutivists attempt to ground reasons for action in the constitutive features of agency. Central to Enoch's famous “shmagency” objection to constitutivism is the idea that constitutivists should worry about the question whether there is reason to be an agent rather than a “shmagent”—where a shmagent is a non-agent being who lacks the constitutive features of agency, but is otherwise as similar to agents as can be. I explain why constitutivism isn’t in trouble even if there’s no reason to be an agent. The nature of agency can in principle ground authoritative reasons for agents to act, even if there isn’t, in addition, a reason to be an agent. Relatedly, I explain why a prominent strand in previous responses to Enoch is misleading in focusing on whether the request for reasons to be an agent, as posed by the shmagent, is even possible or intelligible. Even if the shmagent’s request for reasons is possible and intelligible—as I argue it is—this doesn’t matter for constitutivists, for the request is misguided: constitutivists need no reasons to be an agent.
Decision Theory as an Aid to Private Choice: Limitations, Contributions and Prospects

A wise decider D uses the contents of his mind fully, accurately and efficiently. D’s ideal decisions, i.e. those which best serve his interests, would be embedded in a comprehensive set of totally coherent judgments. They would conform to the norms of statistical decision theory, which extracts quantitative judgments of fact and value from D’s mind contents and checks them for coherence. However, the most practical way for D to approximate his ideal may not be with models that embody those norms, i.e. with applied decision theory (ADT). In practice, ADT can only represent some of D’s judgments and those imperfectly. Quite different decision aid, including intuition, pattern recognition and cognitive vigilance, typically outperform feasible ADT models—with some notable exceptions. However, decision theory training benefits D’s informal decisions. ADT, both formal and informal, should become increasingly useful and widespread, as technical, cultural and institutional impediments are overcome.
NR Supplementation During Lactation: Benefiting Mother and Child

Abnormal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism causes a wide spectrum of diseases. A recent study (Cell Rep. 2019;26:969–983) shows that postpartum NAD+ homeostasis is depressed. By restoring NAD+ homeostasis, maternal nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation during lactation enhances postpartum weight loss, as well as juvenile development and adult neurogenesis in the offspring.
The Impact of Postlaryngectomy Audiovisual Changes on Verbal Communication

The removal of the larynx to treat laryngeal cancer results in numerous changes which have been shown to have a significant impact on multiple dimensions of a person’s life. Often, the most noticeable change is related to the loss of the person’s natural voice and the transition to the use of postlaryngectomy alaryngeal speech, both of which result in significant changes to the audio and visual information presented to the listener. The purpose of this chapter is to provide specific information on the audiovisual changes following a laryngectomy and the associated influence of these changes on the different modes of alaryngeal speech.
Robotic Redo Adrenalectomy

Abstract Introduction: Despite current studies that demonstrate nonsuperiority over laparoscopy, the robotic platform for adrenalectomy has become increasingly popular.1 The benefits of the robot-a...