cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joyce Johnson’s Alternative Beat Narrative: Women Outside the Frame

This chapter examines how Johnson uses audience expectation of a love story to redress the history of a male-dominated literary scene. She simultaneously embraces Kerouac and the Beats and subtly indicts them for their misogynistic behavior toward the women around them. She represents herself as love-struck for Kerouac yet at the same time as an independent bohemian writer. Her representation of multiple identities within her “traditional” memoir that is seemingly focused on Kerouac serves to illuminate her underlying purpose—to situate the women writers who were “minor” characters within the male-dominated scene of the Beat Generation as central to this literary movement. Using her memoir, novels, interviews, and a collection of correspondence with Kerouac, this chapter analyzes her use of praise and her deference toward Jack, though sincere, as performative acts.
Engendering Trust in Automated Feedback: A Two Step Comparison of Feedbacks in Gesture Based Learning

Advances in AI and Visual Recognition have paved the pathway for cutting edge research in Gesture Recognition. While automated feedback is able to open doors for newer opportunities in gesture based learning and practice, the effectiveness of these feedback as compared to manual feedback remains as a question in the minds of the users. For learners of American Sign Language (ASL), automated feedback generated by an application often causes a sense of apprehension because: a) learners are unaware of the automated feedback generation process, and b) learners fear that they can not trust the automated feedback as it may not be as good as the manual feedback. We use an ASL learning application that provides fine grained explainable feedback and follow a two step process to present a comparison between the automated feedback and the manual feedback provided by experts.
Male Same-Sex “Horseplay”: The Epicenter of Sexual Harassment?

In Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court recognized same-sex sexual harassment as a cognizable claim of sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. At the time, many scholars found this recognition to be significant and important, but some also argued that the Court provided an incomplete analysis regarding the meaning of discrimination “because of sex.” Specifically, some scholars argue that the Court’s opinion reinforces the sexual desire paradigm in the analysis of sexual harassment cases. Building upon this critique, this Article focuses specifically on the harassment of men who generally are perceived as gender-conforming. In doing so, it uses masculinities theorization to argue that some workplace harassment against these men, which courts have been inclined to treat as mere “horseplay,” is actually discrimination based on sex. Examining same-sex harassment cases through this masculinitiesmodified lens, this Article concludes that this broader understanding of sexual harassment is important because men who are perceived as gender-conforming are entitled to more legal protection than they are currently experiencing. Furthermore, it raises the question of whether the masculinity competition that leads to harassment among genderconforming men is actually the epicenter of all sexual harassment. If this is the case, it seems that an important step toward stopping the harassment of women (and men who are perceived as gender-nonconforming) is to stop gender-conforming men from harassing gender-conforming men.
X-Ray Spectroscopy and Imaging of Tungsten Pulsed-Power Plasmas

We begin with a brief review of the work on x-ray spectroscopy and imaging of tungsten (W) single wires, wire arrays, X-pinches and their applications [1]–[6], and move on to the most recent results. Two sets of the new experiments performed in 2017 on two university-scale Z-pinch generators with different architecture will be considered: W Double Planar Wire Arrays (DPW A) at the University of Michigan's (UM) low-impedance Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) MAIZE generator and W X-pinches at the University of Nevada, Reno's (UNR) high-impedance Marx bank Zebra generator. Though a comprehensive set of diagnostics was implemented in both types of experiments, here we will focus mostly on x-ray spectroscopy and imaging results and their interpretation, as well as applications to electron beam studies and spectropolarimetry of W pulsed-power plasmas. Two axially-resolved spectrometers were implemented: the first was the x-ray convex crystal spectrometer with a potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystal (2d = 26.63 A and R=51 mm) for the spectral region between 4 - 10A and another spectrometer with a lithium fluoride (LiF) convex crystal (2d = 4.027 A and R=25.4 mm) for hard x-ray radiation in a spectral band 1 - 2.4 A. X-ray time-integrated pinhole cameras recorded the images with cutoff energies of 1.4 and 3.5 keV. The very complex soft x-ray M-shell W spectra recorded by the KAP spectrometers are modeled and studied in detail to provide valuable information about “hot” W plasmas and electron beams. The analysis of the hard L-shell W spectra recorded by the LiF spectrometers from much cooler W plasma as well as from the anode is applied to the studies of electron beams, and to explore the possible development of hard x-ray spectropolarimetry of W plasmas. In this regard, the results for W DPW As on UM-MAIZE and W X-pinches on Zebra at UNR are evaluated, compared, and discussed.
Facilitating Communication in Small Activity Groups

Abstract People with communication and cognitive-linguistic problems often have difficulty participating in group activities. This article describes a program developed to facilitate participation in group activities by using students to provide individual support within the context of language stimulation activities.
Solid State Physics: Essential Concepts

By identifying unifying concepts across solid state physics, this text covers theory in an accessible way to provide graduate students with an intuitive understanding of effects and the basis for making quantitative calculations. Each chapter focuses on a different set of theoretical tools, using examples from specific systems and demonstrating practical applications to real experimental topics. Advanced theoretical methods including group theory, many-body theory, and phase transitions are introduced in an accessible way, and the quasiparticle concept is developed early, with discussion of the properties and interactions of electrons and holes, excitons, phonons, photons, and polaritons. New to this edition are sections on graphene, surface states, photoemission spectroscopy, 2D spectroscopy, transistor device physics, thermoelectricity, metamaterials, spintronics, exciton-polaritons, and flux quantization in superconductors. Exercises are provided to help put knowledge into practice, with a solutions manual for instructors available online, while appendices review the basic mathematical methods used in the book.
Effect of Acetazolamide Reactivity and Long-term Outcome in Patients With Major Cerebral Artery Occlusive Diseases

To the Editor: We read the report published in Stroke by Yokota et al1 with great interest. This is a potentially important article because it documented the cerebrovascular reactivity in a group of patients with advanced occlusive vascular disease and then observed the subsequent stroke rate. The existence of a high-risk subgroup of patients due to hemodynamic compromise continues to be debated, as does the potential role of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery for the treatment of that subgroup. Unfortunately, in our opinion, the author’s conclusion that cerebrovascular reactivity defined by the cerebral blood flow response to acetazolamide did not identify a subgroup at high risk for stroke is not substantiated by the study design or the data presented. While the study began with a relatively large population of 105 patients with advanced occlusive vascular disease, 11 were lost to follow-up and 16 went on to surgical interventions. Although an explanation for the carotid endarterectomies is presented, none is given for the 9 EC-IC bypass procedures. This point alone invalidates this study as a prospective natural history study because of the withdraw of a significant number of patients without meeting a prospectively decided end point, ie, stroke or death. Because these patients underwent a purely hemodynamic procedure, the authors must have perceived that these individuals were at increased risk of stroke. These 9 individuals were the ones who were likely to have been of greatest interest to this study. Despite the authors’ claim that single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N -isopropyl- p -[123I]-iodoamphetamine ([123I]IMP) is a useful technology for identifying patients with hemodynamic reserve compromise, there is ample literature to make this claim doubtful. The SPECT study used by Yokota et al1 involved 2 studies performed 3 days apart. …
From Cosmos to Confession: Kepler and the Connection Between Astronomical and Religious Truth

In October of 1595, Johannes Kepler joyfully conveyed to Tubingen the news that he had completed his first book, the Mysterium cosmographicum. “I truly desire,” he wrote to Michael Maestlin, his former professor of mathematics, “that these things are published as quickly as possible for the glory of God, who wants to be known from the Book of Nature […]. I wanted to be a theologian; for a long time I was distressed: behold God is now celebrated too in my astronomical work.”1 Unable to devote himself to the Book of Scripture directly,2 Kepler had turned his focus to God’s other book—the Book of Nature—which, he believed, also revealed God’s providential plan.
Experimental manipulation of vocational interests: Influence on self-efficacy and choice goals

This study was the first to use a true experimental design to test the hypothesis that vocational interests can be a precursor to the development of domain-specific self-efficacy beliefs in three occupational domains, namely information technology, sales, and teaching. Two levels of interest were created based on work values that differed in their level of appeal. Participants (206 college students from a large Midwestern university) rated sets of job descriptions that contained activity-based information in addition to a reference to work values associated with the position. Participants rated each of the job descriptions in terms of interest, confidence, and choice intention. The manipulation check was successful; participants expressed significantly more interest in job descriptions associated with the desirable work values relative to the descriptions associated with less desirable values. Moreover, the results showed that level of expressed interest had both a direct effect on selfefficacy ratings and an indirect effect via choice goals. Theoretical implications of the research as it relates to social cognitive career theory are discussed.
A Methodological Assessment of Location Privacy Risks in Wireless Hotspot Networks

Mobile computing enables users to compute and communicate almost regardless of their current location. However, as a side effect this technology considerably increased surveillance potential for user movements. Current research addresses location privacy rather patchwork-like than comprehensively. Thus, this paper presents a methodology for identifying, assessing, and comparing location privacy risks in mobile computing technologies. In a case study, we apply the approach to IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN networks and location-based services, where it reveals significant location privacy concerns through link- and application-layer information. From a technological perspective, we argue that these are best addressed through novel anonymity-based mechanisms.
The 1-Section of a Type n Object

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an introduction to plus-one theorem. The proof of the plus-one theorem for the case k > 1 is presented. It is largely a consequence of a stability lemma described in the chapter. k sc U is the set of all objects of type k recursive in U, and is called the k -section of U. The plus-one theorem states that all k-sections generated by finite type objects (in which the appropriate equality predicates are recursive) are generated by type k + 1 objects. The first result on k -sections is that 1 sc 2 E is the set of hyperarithmetic reals. The chapter presents some of the elements of recursion in objects of finite type. The chapter introduces the notion of abstract 1-section and shows that many familiar collections of reals. It is proved in the chapter that every countable abstract 1-section is the 1-section of some type 2 object in which 2 E is recursive by means of a forcing argument of the sort associated with generic classes rather than sets. The nature of abstract k -sections when k > 1 is discussed.
Genetic tools for manipulating Acinetobacter baumannii genome: an overview.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen involved in a variety of infections ranging from minor soft-tissue infections to more severe infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacteraemia. A. baumannii has become resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics and multidrug-resistant isolates are becoming a severe problem in the healthcare setting. In the past few years, whole-genome sequences of >200 A. baumannii isolates have been generated. Several methods and molecular tools have been used for genetic manipulation of various Acinetobacter spp. Here, we review recent developments of various genetic tools used for modification of the A. baumannii genome, including various ways to inactivate gene function, chromosomal integration and transposon mutagenesis
Evaluation of Dextranase Production by the Cariogenic Bacterium Streptococcus mutans

A recently developed blue dextran-agar assay was utilized to detect dextranase production by a large number of strains of Streptococcus mutans. An extract obtained from S. mutans strain B2 hydrolyzed high-molecular-weight radioactive dextran to oligosaccharides. There are several possible roles for this enzyme activity in the metabolism of S. mutans dextrans.
Osteoarthritis: a perspective from the arthritis foundation: we need a base hit.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 27 million Americans. This leading cause of disability results in 632,000 joint replacements each year, accounts for approximately 5% of overall health care costs, and is expanding rapidly as the population ages and deals with the obesity epidemic [7, 9]. This is a bad situation now and unless remedial action is taken it will get a lot worse soon. Despite its personal and societal impact, relatively little attention has been directed at OA. Moreover, our pharmaceutical companies are discouraged from developing new interventions because present outcome measures are very insensitive. To change this picture, we need vigorous efforts in public health to increase awareness of OA and encourage life styles that do not promote OA. We need public policies that effectively combat obesity and encourage healthy behavior. And, we need research that will lead to an understanding of how to detect and reverse OA at its earliest stages.
Can –omics inform a food safety assessment?

Omic technologies can in principle allow visualization of the all of changes that take place when the genetics, nutrition or environment of an organism is altered. Targeted compositional analysis is today a key component of the food safety assessment paradigm in which known nutrients, anti-nutrients, toxicants, allergens, and other molecules of potential biological importance to humans or animals are quantitatively analyzed. This allows safety assessors to compare the composition and safety of one food with closely related counterparts. Omic technologies measure many analytes—some of which are unidentified—but the analysis often sacrifices one or more of the characteristics of validated analytical methods currently used for food analysis. Databases that would allow the safety assessor to interpret differences are not currently available. There is also no reason to believe that the targeted compositional analysis in use today does not provide the evidence needed to ensure food safety, nor is there any current reason to believe that omics can add value to the safety assessment process. The regulation of transgenic crops is far more rigorous than is justified since they present no new risks compared with traditional breeding, and are more precisely defined and better understood than their non-transgenic equivalent.
Hindcasting the January 2009 Arctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming and Its Influence on the Arctic Oscillation with Unified Parameterization of Orographic Drag in NOGAPS. Part I: Extended-Range Stand-Alone Forecast

Abstract A very strong Arctic major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event occurred in late January 2009. The stratospheric temperature climbed abruptly and the zonal winds reversed direction, completely splitting the polar stratospheric vortex. A hindcast of this event is attempted by using the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), which includes the full stratosphere with its top at around 65 km. As Part I of this study, extended-range (3 week) forecast experiments are performed using NOGAPS without the aid of data assimilation. A unified parameterization of orographic drag is designed by combining two parameterization schemes; one by Webster et al., and the other by Kim and Arakawa and Kim and Doyle. With the new unified orographic drag scheme implemented, NOGAPS is able to reproduce the salient features of this Arctic SSW event owing to enhanced planetary wave activity induced by more comprehensive subgrid-scale orographic drag processes. The impact of the SSW on the tropos...
Epistemic Arithmetic is a Conservative Extension of Intuitionistic Arithmetic

Questions about the constructive or effective character of particular arguments arise in several areas of classical mathematics, such as in the theory of recursive functions and in numerical analysis. Some philosophers have advocated Lewis's S4 as the proper logic in which to formalize such epistemic notions. (The fundamental work on this is Hintikka [4].) Recently there have been studies of mathematical theories formalized with S4 as the underlying logic so that these epistemic notions can be expressed. (See Shapiro [7], Myhill [5], and Goodman [2]. The motivation for this work is discussed in Goodman [3].) The present paper is a contribution to the study of the simplest of these theories, namely first-order arithmetic as formalized in S4. Following Shapiro, we call this theory epistemic arithmetic (EA) . More specifically, we show that EA is a conservative extension of Hey ting's arithmetic HA (ordinary first-order intuitionistic arithmetic). The question of whether EA is conservative over HA was raised but left open in Shapiro [7]. The idea of our proof is as follows. We interpret EA in an infinitary propositional S4, pretty much as Tait, for example, interprets classical arithmetic in his infinitary classical propositional calculus in [8]. We then prove a cut-elimination theorem for this infinitary propositional S4. A suitable version of the cut-elimination theorem can be formalized in HA . For cut-free infinitary proofs, there is a reflection principle provable in HA . That is, we can prove in HA that if there is a cut-free proof of the interpretation of a sentence ϕ then ϕ is true. Combining these results shows that if the interpretation of ϕ is provable in EA , then ϕ is provable in HA .
Impacts on regional climate of Amazon deforestation

A simulation of the climate response to Amazon deforestation has been carried out. Precipitation is decreased on the average by 25 percent or 1.4 mm/day, with ET and runoff both decreasing by 0.7 mm/day. Modifications of surface energy balance through change of albedo and roughness are complicated by cloud feedbacks. The initial decrease of the absorption of solar radiation by higher surface albedos is largely cancelled by a reduction in cloud cover, but consequent reduction in downward longwave has a substantial impact on surface energy balance. Smoke aerosols might have an effect comparable to deforestation during burning season. 8 refs.
Role of in vitro Factors in Ozone Toxicity for Cultured Rat Lung Fibroblasts

Ozone toxicity for cultured rat lung fibroblasts was concentration dependent and was affected by the manner in which ozone was delivered to the cells, i.e. cultures were either rotated with a thin moving overlay of medium or were stationary with a fixed layer of medium between the cells and the gas phase. The influence of culture medium components and culture dish composition on the toxicity of ozone were also investigated. Cell viability, used to measure ozone toxicity, was quantified by the chromium-51 release assay, and by a viability index calculated from the percentage of cells stained with a vital dye combined with the decrease in cell number as determined by DNA measurements. During stationary ozone exposure, toxicity appeared to be mediated primarily by hydrogen peroxide and could be inhibited by catalase or fetal bovine serum when measured by the viability index. During rotated exposure, catalase and fetal bovine serum provided no protection when measured by the viability index, however, when measured by the chromium-51 release assay, fetal bovine serum was partially protective. The effect of ozone on the fibroblasts was not influenced by whether culture dishes were glass or plastic, or whether the culture medium was balanced salt solution or complete chemically-defined medium.
Applications of a cluster decomposition of many-dimensional phase space to high-energy collisions

A high-dimensional phase space is reduced in an approximate way to a much smaller dimensional phase space, by singling out a “cluster” of a smaller number of particles (e.g. two or three). We derive the invariant mass distribution of the cluster, and, for fixed invariant mass, its c.m.s. energy distribution. The basis of the method is a two-cluster decomposition of the original phase space into the cluster of interest and the remainder. Simple, explicit formulas are given for all particles massless, and for one particle with mass and the others massless. A recipe is stated for the application of these easily calculable distributions to practical situations where the masses of particles must be taken into account. Numerical examples illustrating the validity of the approximations and applications to high-energy elementary particle collisions are given.
Topiramate attenuates the stress-induced increase in alcohol consumption and preference in male C57BL/6J mice.

Abstract Stress increases the risk for alcohol abuse and relapse behaviors. However, there are hardly any medications to counteract stress-induced alcoholism and relapse behaviors. The present study examined the effects of topiramate (intraperitoneal injections of 10, 20, and 30mg/kg) in its ability to attenuate alcohol consumption on exposure to restraint stress in C57BL/6J mice on a 2-choice test procedure. Mice were either restrained for 1h/day for 5 successive days or left unrestrained. Subsequently, the effects of topiramate were studied in post-restraint days. Results showed that restrained animals increased alcohol consumption and alcohol preference significantly compared to control group on day 5. On post-restraint days, topiramate reduced alcohol consumption and alcohol preference on days 2–5 compared to saline. This experiment suggests that one mechanism of topiramate in reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol preference may involve an interaction with stress.
Catastrophic Childhood Epilepsy: A Recent Convergence of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

Advances in understanding the genetics and underlying pathology of the catastrophic childhood epilepsies are pointing toward treatments.
Effects of Aluminate and Silicate on the Structure of Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant Aggregates

The effect of ionic aluminate and silicate species on the structure of surfactant aggregates used in the preparation of mesoporous aluminosilicates was investigated using dynamic light scattering and rheological techniques. Aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) solutions saturated with sodium aluminate, sodium silicate, or tetramethylammonium silicate were studied over a wide range of CTAC concentrations (1.0−25.0 wt %), which included both spherical and rod-shaped micellar regimes. Sodium aluminate was observed to have no effect on the structure of CTAC micelles and so plays no role in aggregate formation in the prereaction stage of the production of aluminosilicates such as MCM-41. Silicate anions from sodium silicate and tetramethylammonium silicate strongly affected CTAC micelle formation, promoting the formation of flexible wormlike micelles at dilute concentrations in which elongated wormlike micelles are not entangled. The condensation of silicate ion with the tetramethylammonium cation in...
An Economical Procedure for Cartesian Interpolation and Display of Reflectivity Factor Data in Three-Dimensional Space

Abstract A fast and efficient procedure has been developed which allows the systematic interpolation of digital reflectivity data from radar space into Cartesian space. The algorithm is designed so that only one ordered pass through the original PPI scan data is necessary to complete the interpolation process. As a result, 100 cross sections may be interpolated and displayed for approximately five times the cost of producing PPI plots for the same volume. Computer-generated displays produced by the system include contoured and gray-scale plots of orthogonal sections and perspective images of two- and three-dimensional reflectivity surfaces.
A survey of flexible link mechanisms having lower pairs

Abstract A basis for discovering and displaying flexible link mechanisms derived from rigid link mechanisms having less than one degree of freedom is presented. The class of single loop, closed loop, plane flexible link mechanisms having lower pairs is investigated. The class of three dimensional, single loop, closed loop, flexible link, kinematic chains with lower pairs is investigated within the limits of the Kutzbach Criterion.
Measurement of the nonlinear Meissner effect in superconducting Nb films using a resonant microwave cavity: A probe of unconventional pairing symmetries

We report observation of the nonlinear Meissner effect (NLME) in Nb films by measuring the resonance frequency of a planar superconducting cavity as a function of the magnitude and the orientation of a parallel magnetic field. Use of low power rf probing in films thinner than the London penetration depth, significantly increases the field for the vortex penetration onset and enables NLME detection under true equilibrium conditions. The data agree very well with calculations based on the Usadel equations. We propose to use NLME angular spectroscopy to probe unconventional pairing symmetries in superconductors.
Examining the role of physical appearance in Latino adolescents' ethnic identity

Guided by ecological theory, the current study examined physical appearance as a moderator of the relation between familial ethnic socialization (FES) and ethnic identity among 167 Latino adolescents. Results indicated that FES was positively associated with ethnic identity exploration and resolution. Furthermore, as expected, physical appearance moderated the relation between FES and ethnic identity affirmation such that this relation was positive among adolescents who were rated as having a more Latino appearance, a less European appearance, and darker skin, and it was non-significant among adolescents with a less Latino appearance, a more European appearance, and lighter skin. Findings underscore the importance of considering within-group variation when studying ethnic identity. In addition, this study highlights the importance of examining ethnic identity as a multidimensional construct.
Institutional, provider, and patient correlates of low-density lipoprotein and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment according to the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.

Background The aim of this analysis was to identify the proportion of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients achieving guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) goals and to identify correlates of dual goal attainment. Methods We analyzed patient, provider, and facility characteristics for 21,801 CHD patients in one Veterans Affairs Hospitals Network. Results Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment was 80%, but optional LDL-C goal attainment was 41%. Of patients with triglycerides ≥200 mg/dL, 51% attained both LDL-C and non–HDL-C goals. Correlates of higher dual goal attainment included older age (65-74 years: odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% CI 1.28-1.69), diabetes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16-1.53), obesity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.50), a higher number of primary care visits (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04-1.05), and mild increase in illness severity of patients in provider's panel (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.0008-1.46), whereas African American patients were less likely to achieve dual lipid goals (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.82). Receipt of care from physician (vs nonphysician) or specialist (vs primary care) provider, number of patients in provider's panel, and percentage of patients in provider's panel with diagnosis of hyperlipidemia were not associated with dual goal attainment. Conclusions A large proportion of CHD patients attained LDL-C goal, but optional LDL-C goal attainment was low. Patients with elevated triglycerides had poor attainment of dual LDL-C and non–HDL-C goals, suggesting a treatment gap. Factors associated with dual goal attainment may identify interventions needed to improve future guideline adherence.
Distraction, Control, and Dental Stress1

This study examined the efficacy of external distraction as a coping strategy. Thirty-eight dental patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: incidental music during the dental procedure, music coupled with suggestions that music would help reduce stress, or a no-treatment control group. Patients in both music groups reported experiencing less stress (i.e., less pain. less discomfort, more control) than patients in the no-treatment group. Patient ratings made by dentists, blind to condition, provided converging evidence for the therapeutic effect of distraction. Thus, distracting music was found to be effective in reducing stress and increasing perceptions of control. The relative ease and simplicity of implementing external distraction compared to manipulating actual control in a medical setting may make this manipulation attractive to professionals involved with individuals experiencing stress.
Azithromycin—a new macrolide

Azithromycin is a macrolide derivative referred to as an azalide. It was approved for clinical use in 1992 and has several advantages over traditional macrolides such as erythromycin. Azithromycin is more acid stable and therefore has greater oral bioavailability. It has a longer half life and thus can be administered once daily. Azithromycin also achieves higher tissue concentrations and enhanced antimicrobial activity compared with erythromycin. Finally, azithromycin has a lower incidence of adverse side effects and drug interactions than other macrolides. In obstetrics and gynecology, azithromycin is of primary value for treatment of respiratory tract infections and chlamydial infections.
Inferences for the ratio: Fieller’s interval, log ratio, and large sample based confidence intervals

In sample surveys and many other areas of application, the ratio of variables is often of great importance. This often occurs when one variable is available at the population level while another variable of interest is available for sample data only. In this case, using the sample ratio, we can often gather valuable information on the variable of interest for the unsampled observations. In many other studies, the ratio itself is of interest, for example when estimating proportions from a random number of observations. In this note we compare three confidence intervals for the population ratio: A large sample interval, a log based version of the large sample interval, and Fieller’s interval. This is done through data analysis and through a small simulation experiment. The Fieller method has often been proposed as a superior interval for small sample sizes. We show through a data example and simulation experiments that Fieller’s method often gives nonsensical and uninformative intervals when the observations are noisy relative to the mean of the data. The large sample interval does not similarly suffer and thus can be a more reliable method for small and large samples.
Oligocene Biostratigraphy of Lincoln Creek Formation, Southwestern Washington: ABSTRACT

Molluscan faunas of the Lincoln Creek Formation, southwestern Washington, represent 6 provincial invertebrate Opellian zones. Continuous late Eocene to early Miocene sequences have been studied in 6 sections where both mollusks and benthonic foraminifers are abundant. The stratigraphic control on both faunas in these and 7 other partial sections allows for detailed biostratigraphic analysis and the synthesis of superpositionally controlled megainvertebrate zones. These zones, moreover, are correlatable in the same sections with the standard Californian benthonic foraminiferal zones and stages. The molluscan sequence includes faunas previously assigned by Weaver et al. to the Keasey, Lincoln, and Blakeley "Stages." These faunal assignments were made from geographically isolated sections. Durham defined 7 Oligocene megafaunal zones for northwestern Washington on the basis of 7 partial sections and other fossiliferous localities. The lack of superpositional control on boundaries for both these studies suggested the need for further biostratigraphic refinement of the Oligocene of western Washington. The foraminiferal sequence includes faunas previously assigned by Rau to the Narizian Stage of Mallory, the Refugian Stage of Schenck and Kleinpell, and the Zemorrian and lower Saucesian Stages of Kleinpell. End_of_Article - Last_Page 768------------
Effects of denervation on the distribution of myosin isozymes in skeletal muscle fibers.

Abstract The pattern of distribution of myosin isozymes was examined with respect to the fiber population in the denervated rat diaphragm. Myosin was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against chicken myosin and by localization of ATPase activity. In the normal diaphragm, a heterogeneous fast-twitch muscle, the component fibers react with antibodies against fast or slow myosin, but usually not with both. By 8 weeks after removal of the nerve supply, all fibers reacted with antibodies specific for fast myosin, and many reacted with anti-slow myosin as well. This indicates either that multiple forms of myosin coexist within individual muscle fibers or that a unique myosin(s) is present which has determinants in common with both fast and slow isozymes. This pattern was observed for at least 24 weeks after denervation. At all stages, the localization of alkali-stable and acid-stable ATPase activity correlated well with the response to anti-fast and anti-slow myosin, respectively. We conclude that the normal adult neuromuscular relationship is required for the preferential distribution of fast and slow myosins into different populations of fibers. New myosin is nevertheless synthesized in the absence of the nervous system, and characteristics of both fast and slow isozymes are evident even after prolonged denervation.
SIM science operations

This paper describes the science scheduling and operation of the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) as a science instrument. The SIM Science Team has defined a set of science programs to be observed with SIM. The scheduling and operation of SIM, and modeling of the expected performance, differs significantly from other astrometric or imaging space-based telescopes. A timeline of observations is developed using a scheduling unit called a 'tile' - a set of related science and reference star observations made while the instrument is inertially pointed. Global astrometry, for measuring stellar distances and velocities, is performed by observing multiple overlapping tiles covering the whole sky. Most observing program require many short observations over the life of the mission, which poses interesting challenges for scheduling tools in developing the science timeline. Development of these tools will be done by the Interferometry Science Center at Caltech. Planning tools will allow users to perform trades of the expected science performance, for instance, by varying the number of observations of a target against the time spent on an individual observation. The search for planets will require careful optimization of the selection of target and reference stars in a tile, and their observing sequence, to minimize instrumental systematic errors which may be a function of direction on the sky or due to thermally-induced drifts in the instrument.
Mechanical Function and Metabolism of Working Rat Hearts Perfused with the Negative Chronotropic Agent Mixidine Fumarate

SummaryThe experimental agent, mixidine fumarate, was studied in isolated perfused working rat hearts for effects on mechanical function and energy production. Mixidine had a potent negative chronotropic effect in this preparation. This in turn leads to decreased ventricular power development. The depression in mechanical function, however, was absent in mixidine treated hearts electrically paced at rates comparable to those of control hearts. Furthermore, mixidine produced no detectable changes in the myocardial energy producing pathways. From these studies it appears that mixidine is a specific chronotropic agent.The technical assistance of Diane Ubele and Gretna Rodgers is gratefully acknowledged.
Waves in the Equatorial Stratosphere Generated by Tropospheric Heat Sources

Abstract Observational evidence suggests that there may be long-period, large-scale variations in the intensity of the latent heat release in the equatorial zone. In this study a diagnostic numerical model is used to show that a standing wave oscillation of narrow longitudinal extent in the diabatic heat source in the troposphere can generate the global-scale propagating waves observed in the equatorial stratosphere. In particular, a heating oscillation which is symmetric about the equator can account for the eastward-moving Kelvin-wave mode, and a source which is antisymmetric can account for the westward-moving, mixed Rossby-gravity wave mode.
Experiments on Transient Condensing Flow through a Porous Medium

A cold, initially-dry column of sand receives a sudden inflow of dry saturated Freon vapor (CCl/sub 3/F) from a high-pressure high-temperature reservoir. Condensation occurs as the hot vapor penetrates into the cold sand, resulting in a co-current liquid/vapor flow. The axial distribution of condensate is wave-like with a (Buckley/Leverett-type) saturation-jump on the leading edge. Temperature and pressure profiles are in good agreement with a simple integral analysis which includes the essential features of the process; vapor-phase mass transfer, fluid/solid energy transfer by condensation, and liquid-phase flooding of the pore volume. The reported ensemble of experiments confirms the theoretical model over a broad range of saturation (from nearly dry to liquid-full) and over a broad range of Reynolds number (from Darcy flow to inertia-dominated flow). The considered problem is exemplary of the phase-change flows which occur in a number of geologic applications: containment of underground nuclear tests, steam stimulation of oil fields, geothermal energy, and in situ combustion processes.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Background Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic disorder characterized by an exaggerated increase in heart rate that occurs during standing, without orthostatic hypotension. Women are most frequently affected, and may present with palpitations, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, weakness, exercise intolerance, lightheadedness, presyncope, and syncope. Methods We present three cases of POTS in otherwise healthy women, and discuss the clinical management of different types of this orthostatic intolerance. Results and conclusion The diagnosis was established with a tilt-table test in 1 patient who became symptom-free with β-blockade and nonpharmacologic treatment, including fluid therapy, liberal sodium intake, support hose, and a reconditioning exercise program. The other 2 were diagnosed through a standing test, serum norepinephrine levels, and red-cell volumes. One patient had neuropathic POTS and partially responded to b-blockade and nonpharmacotherapy. The other patient had hyperadrenergic POTS and responded well to nonpharmacotherapy, a dualacting b-blocker, and a vasoconstrictor agent. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is not an uncommon clinical entity and making a correct diagnosis is crucial in providing appropriate treatment to restore patients' functional capability and quality of life.
Laser processing of Fe-based bulk amorphous alloy

Abstract Laser processing of Fe–Cr–Mo–W–C–Mn–Si–B glass forming alloy components without losing feedstock's partial amorphous structure is successfully demonstrated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS(tm)) — a solid freeform fabrication technique. In spite of known decreasing quenching effect with increasing deposit thickness in this process, no significant microstructural differences were found from the first layer to the last layer of the part with 10 mm diameter and 15 mm height. SEM, XRD and DSC analysis of a laser processed alloy indicated retention of feedstock's partial amorphous structure. This has been achieved by maintaining lower prior deposit temperatures via a short time delay between successive laser scans, which also aided the glass stability during deposition of subsequent laser passes/layers. Estimated cooling rates indicated that under present experimental conditions every freshly deposited layer experienced a cooling rate much higher than it was required to achieve full amorphization in this alloy. However, incomplete melting of the coarse fraction of the powder during deposition restricted the formation of fully amorphous structure in the final parts. Current experimental results demonstrate that bulk amorphous components, for structural applications, can potentially be fabricated via process optimization of laser based direct manufacturing techniques.
Dopamine D2 receptors act upstream of AVP in the latero-anterior hypothalamus to modulate adolescent anabolic/androgenic steroid-induced aggression in Syrian hamsters.

In pubertal male Syrian hamsters, exposure to anabolic/androgenic steroids (AAS) during adolescence facilitates a high level of offensive aggression modulated by the enhanced development and activity of the vasopressin (AVP) and dopamine (DA) neural systems within the latero-anterior hypothalamus (LAH), i.e., a brain region implicated in the control of aggression. The present studies provide a detailed report of the pharmacologic interactions between AVP and DA D2 receptor signaling within the LAH in the control of adolescent AAS-induced offensive aggression. Male Syrian hamsters were treated with AAS throughout adolescence and tested for aggression after local infusion of the DA D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride (ETIC) alone, or in combination with AVP in the LAH in an effort to determine the influence of DA D2 receptors relative to AVP-receptor mediated aggression mechanisms. As previously shown, ETIC infusion into the LAH suppressed adolescent AAS-induced aggressive responding; however, the AAS-induced aggressive phenotype was rescued by the co-infusion of AVP into the LAH. These behavioral data indicate that interactions between AVP and DA neural systems within the LAH modulate the control of aggression following adolescent exposure to AAS and that DA D2 receptor signaling functions upstream of AVP in the LAH to control this behavioral response.
Discussion of “A simple method to determine breaker height and depth for different deepwater wave height/length ratios and sea floor slopes”, by J.P. Le Roux [Coastal Engineering 54 (2007) 271–277]

Abstract In the recent paper by J.P. Le Roux [Coastal Engineering 54 (2007) 271–277], the author provides a simplified approach to calculating the depth, length, and height of waves at the onset of depth-induced breaking (i.e. at the breaker line). However, the proposed methodology and the comparisons to other methods suffer from a large number of inconsistencies and basic calculation errors. In addition, there are a number of erroneous physical interpretations and many of the conclusions are based on erroneous data. The remaining conclusions are either not new or based on circular logic, such as to render them moot. In the following, we will not attempt to point out all the errors or inconsistencies that we found, instead we focus on major points of contention.
Partial analysis of the flare-prominence of 30 April 1974

A portion of an east limb flare-prominence observed in H-alpha light is analyzed. Following rapid achievement of a maximum mass-ejection velocity of about 375 km/s, the ascending prominence reached a height of at least 200,000 km. A one-dimensional time-dependent hydrodynamic theory is used to compute the total mass and energy ejected during this part of the event. Theoretical aspects of the coronal response are discussed. It is concluded that a moderate temperature and density pulse (factors of ten and two, respectively) for a duration of only 3 min is sufficient for an acceptable simulation of the H-alpha observations and the likely coronal response to the ascending prominence and flare-related ejections.
Parity-violating muon and heavy lepton scattering in the 12 --> 12 C * nuclear transition

We obtain the asymmetry parameter as a function of lepton energy for the scattering of polarized muons from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ in the inelastic process l${+}^{12}$C${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{12}$${\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{*}}$+l'. Only the case for highly relativistic leptons is considered but ${\mathit{q}}^{2}$ is allowed to become small. It is found that the asymmetry parameter increases rapidly with decreasing ${\mathit{q}}^{2}$ at very small angles. The cases of the tau lepton as well as that of the low-energy electron are also considered.
Mapping and genome organization of microsatellite sequences in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

In order to enhance the resolution of an existing genetic map of rice, and to obtain a comprehensive picture of marker utility and genomic distribution of microsatellites in this important grain species, rice DNA sequences containing simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were extracted from several small-insert genomic libraries and from the database. One hundred and eighty eight new microsatellite markers were developed and evaluated for allelic diversity. The new simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) were incorporated into the existing map previously containing 124 SSR loci. The 312 microsatellite markers reported here provide whole-genome coverage with an average density of one SSLP per 6 cM. In this study, 26 SSLP markers were identified in published sequences of known genes, 65 were developed based on partial cDNA sequences available in GenBank, and 97 were isolated from genomic libraries. Microsatellite markers with different SSR motifs are relatively uniformly distributed along rice chromosomes regardless of whether they were derived from genomic clones or cDNA sequences. However, the distribution of polymorphism detected by these markers varies between different regions of the genome.
Unsteady Heat Transfer on Turbine Blades

This paper describes a method for calculating heat transfer on turbine blades subjected to passing wakes. It is based on the numerical solution of the boundary-layer equations for laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows with a novel procedure to account for the movement of the stagnation point. Results are presented for a model flow and show that the procedure is numerically sound and produces results that can give good agreement with measurements provided that the turbulence model is adequate.