cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An initiative to transition new faculty from resident to residency preceptor through direct mentorship

Abstract Newly hired faculty members coming directly from post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) residencies often need time to acclimate to the routine responsibilities of a faculty position. The objective of our case study was to describe and evaluate preceptor mentorship as a method for acclimation of a new faculty member to the role of a residency preceptor. An American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) accredited PGY2 Ambulatory Care Residency Program piloted an approach to prepare a new preceptor. Several steps were taken to ensure a positive transition into this role. The new preceptor took part in our preceptor development activities by attending our Collegeʼs annual preceptor development workshop, our programʼs annual preceptor retreat, and quarterly preceptor meetings to discuss resident-customized training plans and preceptor development topics. Finally, the new preceptor was partnered with a more experienced preceptor to combine their two practices into one two-month outpatient adult medicine learning experience. The mentor provided precepting strategies and guided the new preceptorʼs planning. Pre- and post-assessment surveys from the new preceptor, in addition to resident evaluation scores, were used to gage success of her transition. Preceptor preparation is a key factor to the success of a program. New preceptors may initially struggle with various aspects of precepting residents. Through direct mentorship and partnership in experience development, this endeavor seems to have better positioned new faculty to successfully transition into the role of a preceptor. These observations will inform us and others to future approaches to consider when making additional incremental changes associated with quality improvement of residency programs.
Quantum Monte Carlo determination of electronic and structural properties of Sin clusters (n <= 20).

Variational and fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo methods are applied to study the structural and valence electronic properties of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{n}$ clusters. Binding energies for $n\ensuremath{\le}7$ agree within $\ensuremath{\approx}4%$ with experiments and within $\ensuremath{\approx}2%$ when the fixed-node error is decreased by using natural orbitals. For $n\ensuremath{\ge}9$ we show that the local density approximation overbinds by $\ensuremath{\approx}25%$. We determined unambiguously (i) the role of correlation in the energy ordering for different structures, including our new lowest energy structure of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{20}$, and (ii) a different ground state for ${\mathrm{Si}}_{13}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ than the one predicted by the local density approximation.
Hybrids of solar sail, solar electric, and solar thermal propulsion for solar-system exploration

Solar sails have long been known to be an attractive method of propulsion in the inner solar system if the areal density of the overall spacecraft (S/C) could be reduced to ∼10 g/m2. It has also long been recognized that the figure (precise shape) of useful solar sails needs to be reasonably good, so that the reflected light goes mostly in the desired direction. If one could make large reflective surfaces with reasonable figure at an areal density of ∼10 g/m2, then several other attractive options emerge. One is to use such sails as solar concentrators for solar-electric propulsion. Current flight solar arrays have a specific output of ∼100W/kg at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) from the sun, and near-term advances promise to significantly increase this figure. A S/C with an areal density of 10 g/m2 could accelerate up to 29 km/s per year as a solar sail at 1 AU. Using the same sail as a concentrator at 30 AU, the same spacecraft could have up to ∼45 W of electric power per kg of total S/C mass available for electric propulsion (EP). With an EP system that is 50% power-efficient, exhausting 10% of the initial S/C mass per year as propellant, the exhaust velocity is ∼119 km/s and the acceleration is ∼12 km/s per year. This hybrid thus opens attractive options for missions to the outer solar system, including sample-return missions. If solar-thermal propulsion were perfected, it would offer an attractive intermediate between solar sailing in the inner solar system and solar electric propulsion for the outer solar system. In the example above, both the solar sail and solar electric systems don't have a specific impulse that is near-optimal for the mission. Solar thermal propulsion, with an exhaust velocity of the order of 10 km/s, is better matched to many solar system exploration missions. This paper derives the basic relationships between these three propulsion options and gives examples of missions that might be enabled by such hybrids.
Metal-bipyridine complexes in DNA backbones and effects on thermal stability.

Modified oligonucleotides are showing potential for multiple applications, including drug design, nanoscale building blocks, and biosensors. In an effort to expand the functionality available to DNA, we have placed chelating ligands directly into the backbone of DNA. Between one and three nucleosides were replaced with 2,2′-bipyridine phosphates in 23-mer duplexes of DNA. An array of metal ions were added (Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pt2+) and the influences on duplex stability were examined by melting temperature studies. Titrations and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy were used to provide insights into the nature of the metal complexes formed. We found that Ni2+ binding to 2,2′-bipyridine typically provided the greatest increase in duplex stability relative to the other metal ions examined. For example, addition of Ni2+ to one 2,2′-bipyridine–DNA duplex increased the melting temperature by 13 °C, from 65.0 ± 0.3 to 78.4 ± 0.9 °C. These studies show that metal ions and backbone ligands can be used to regulate DNA structure and stability.
Wide-Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) instrument description: focal planes, optics, and electronics

An elegantly simple cryogenic instrument has been proposed to measure far infrared radiation from starburst galaxies. The experiment-known as WIRE- employs a Cassegrain telescope with diamond-turned mirrors to provide a light- weight optical system for photon collection. A dichroic beamsplitter and filter separate the light into two broad, well-defined bands of interest. Two 128- X 128-pixel arsenic-doped silicon focal plane arrays spatially sample the incoming photons. These arrays feature exceptionally low dark current and low read noise, which allows the coaddition of thousands of images. The entire optical section and focal plane arrays are cooled to 12 Kelvin and 7.5 Kelvin, respectively, by a two-stage, solid-hydrogen cryostat. An uncomplicated electronics package provides some on-board coaddition of images, accepts the simple command required by the WIRE instrument, and interfaces the data signals to the SMEX spacecraft for telemetry to the ground.
Low interrater reliability in grading of rectal bleeding using National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Toxicity scales: a survey of radiation oncologists.

Purpose To measure concordance among genitourinary radiation oncologists in using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading scales to grade rectal bleeding. Methods and Materials From June 2013 to January 2014, a Web-based survey was sent to 250 American and Canadian academic radiation oncologists who treat prostate cancer. Participants were provided 4 case vignettes in which patients received radiation therapy and developed rectal bleeding and were asked for management plans and to rate the bleeding according to NCI CTC v.4 and RTOG late toxicity grading (scales provided). In 2 cases, participants were also asked whether they would send the patient for colonoscopy. A multilevel, random intercept modeling approach was used to assess sources of variation (case, respondent) in toxicity grading to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement on a dichotomous grading scale (low grades 1-2 vs high grades 3-4) was also assessed, using the κ statistic for multiple respondents. Results Seventy-two radiation oncologists (28%) completed the survey. Forty-seven (65%) reported having either written or been principal investigator on a study using these scales. Agreement between respondents was moderate (ICC 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.58) when using NCI CTC and fair using the RTOG scale (ICC 0.28, 95% CI 0.20-0.40). Respondents who chose an invasive management were more likely to select a higher toxicity grade ( P Conclusion Low interrater reliability was observed among radiation oncologists grading rectal bleeding using 2 common scales. Clearer definitions of late rectal bleeding toxicity should be constructed to reduce this variability and avoid ambiguity in both reporting and interpretation.
Accessibility heuristics utilizing learnability characteristics of synthesized speech applications

Most existing models for marketing of assistive technology concentrate on the development and improvement of product design and accessibility [10]. Instead, the Alt-Learning Project will concentrate on improving the delivery of assistive technology by providing information and tools concerning the learnability of screen readers used as an assistive technology. The Alt-Learning Project will integrate actual users of assistive technology within all aspects of the research methodology.
Similarity criteria for thermal modeling of spacecraft

of the effects of environment conditions on the performance of charring ablators," AIAA Entry Technology Conference (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, 1964), pp. 259-269. 73 Babish, C. A., Ill, "Hyperflo supersonic parachute," Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab., RTD Technology Briefs, Vol. I, no. 11 (November 1963). 74 Turner, R. D., "A recovery system for a controlled descent through the martian atmosphere," Cook Electric Co. 75 Daigle, D. L. and Lonborg, J. O., "Evaluation of certain crushable materials," Jet Propulsion Lab. TR 32-120 (January 13, 1961). 76 McFarland, R. K., Jr., "Hexagonal cell structures under postbuckling axial load," AIAA J. 1, 1380-1385 (1963). 77 Hanel, R. A., Richtmeyer, L. E., Stampfl, R. A., and Stroud, W. G., "Experiments from a small probe which enters the atmosphere of Mars," NASA TN D-1899 (December 1963). 78 Vicente, F. A., "The effects of various reentry vehicle parameters on R-F attenuation," Aerospace Corp., BSD TDR-63-227 (October 28, 1963).
Counting and randomly generating binary trees

The number bn of binary trees with n nodes is well known. Two ways to determine bn: one is based on constructing and the other recognizes that bn is the some as the number of stack permutations. In this paper, a simple direct approach is used to find bn. It also provides another way to generate a random binary tree
Growth hormone excess and sexual precocity in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune-Albright syndrome): evidence for abnormal hypothalamic function.

A 5 5/12-year-old boy with gigantism and precocious puberty associated with the McCune-Albright syndrome is presented. Serum concentrations of growth hormone were extremely elevated (128–163 ng/ml) and were not suppressed by hyperglycemia or chlorpromazine. Serum LH (7.4±1.0 SD mIU/ml) and FSH (5.3±0.3 SD mIU/ml) concentrations were in the range observed in midpuberty. The secretion pattern of LH was episodic. The administration of estradiol suppressed the secretion of FSH and had an apparent positive feedback effect on release of LH. These findings are compatible with abnormal hypothalamic function as the mechanism for the endocrinopathies associated with the McCune-Albright syndrome.
Studies on Ventriculo-Atrial Conduction and the Reentry Phenomenon

Ventriculo-atrial conduction and the reentry phenomenon was studied during right ventricular and bundle of His pacing in the intact dog heart. Bipolar electrogram recordings were obtained from the sinus node, Bachman's bundle, the right and left atria, the bundle of His, and the ventricle. Retrograde conduction resulted in a specific change in the sequence of atrial activation. The recording of both antegrade and retrograde His deflections provided a more accurate means of comparing A-V and V-A conduction times. In all experiments retrograde conduction time exceeded antegrade conduction time. The A-V nodal region was found to be the zone of retrograde conduction delay and block. Increasing the driving rate of the heart, vagal stimulation, and isoproterenol, affected V-A conduction similar to the way in which these maneuvers affect A-V conduction. Reentry (ventricular echoes) commonly occurred when right ventricular or bundle of His pacing resulted in the reverse Wenckebach phenomenon.
EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATIONS IN AIRLINE PRICING AND YIELD MANAGEMENT

Consumers and their advocates routinely criticize the practices of price discrimination and yield management. To date, the benefits to consumers of applying revenue management techniques have not been clearly identified. This research assesses airline revenue management techniques on the basis of economic efficiency. This paper demonstrates that a differentiated fare product structure with a range of price levels coupled with effective yield management techniques can provide airline seats to those consumers who value them most when demand exceeds supply. Efficiency in the allocation of limited airline seat inventories can be achieved in the current industry environment, making both society and airlines better off.
Comprehensive analytical approach to predicting freeze-out and exhaustion for uniform single-impurity semiconductors in equilibrium

In this paper, a complete analytical description for an exact expression for temperature dependence of the majority carrier in a single-impurity, nondegenerately doped equilibrium semiconductor is proposed. Analysis establishes that the problem is solvable exactly by identifying the only physically possible root to a cubic equation. This solution is complemented by an iterative technique that identifies boundaries for the intrinsic, freeze-out, and exhaustion regimes and facilitates selecting a reasonable range of temperatures in which to display the exact solution. Similarly, an exact expression for the temperature-dependent Fermi level is obtained. Fairly simple tests and checks on the analytic results are explained and demonstrated. This model provides an attractive alternative or supplement to established classroom approaches for this topic usually covered in senior and first-year graduate-level solid-state courses in physics and electrical engineering.
Symmetry of Cortical Folding Abnormalities in Williams Syndrome Revealed by Surface-Based Analyses

We analyzed folding abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of subjects with Williams syndrome (WS), a genetically based developmental disorder, using surface-based analyses applied to structural magnetic resonance imaging data. Surfaces generated from each individual hemisphere were registered to a common atlas target (the PALS-B12 atlas). Maps of sulcal depth (distance from the cerebral hull) were combined across individuals to generate maps of average sulcal depth for WS and control subjects, along with depth-difference maps and t-statistic maps that accounted for within-group variability. Significant structural abnormalities were identified in 33 locations, arranged as 16 bilaterally symmetric pairs plus a lateral temporal region in the right hemisphere. Discrete WS folding abnormalities extended across a broad swath from dorsoposterior to ventroanterior regions of each hemisphere, in cortical areas associated with multiple sensory modalities as well as regions implicated in cognitive and emotional behavior. Hemispheric asymmetry in the temporal cortex is reduced in WS compared with control subjects. These findings provide insights regarding possible developmental mechanisms that give rise to folding abnormalities and to the spectrum of behavioral characteristics associated with WS.
Calcified left ventricular aneurysm in children

Abstract The case of a 7 year old boy with a calcified aneurysm of the left ventricle is reported. The diagnosis was suspected on the basis of chest roentgenogram and electrocardiogram, and verified by left heart angiocardiogram. The cause is discussed, and the literature on cardiac aneurysm in children is reviewed.
Cultural Formalism and the Criticism of Modern African Literature

Criticism of African creative works by both African and western scholars has become a major intellectual activity. Many articles have been published on African writers and their works, and, in recent years, several journals have appeared which are devoted exclusively to the discussion of African literature. This surge of interest is further reflected in the fact that a number of book-length studies have been produced, and African writers such as Wole Soyinka (a dramatist) and Yambo Ouologuem (a novelist) have received international accolades. In short, African literature is now recognised as a vital element in the corpus of world literature.
Classifying transcription factor targets and discovering relevant biological features

Background: An important goal in post-genomic research is discovering the network of interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and the genes they regulate. We have previously reported the development of a supervised-learning approach to TF target identification, and used it to predict targets of 104 transcription factors in yeast. We now include a new sequence conservation measure, expand our predictions to include 59 new TFs, introduce a web-server, and implement an improved ranking method to reveal the biological features contributing to regulation. The classifiers combine 8 genomic datasets covering a broad range of measurements including sequence conservation, sequence overrepresentation, gene expression, and DNA structural properties.
Procedure, selection and application of plasticity models for a soil

A five-step procedure involving mathematical formulation, identification and determination of parameters and verification is presented for development and selection of appropriate and reliable constitutive law(s) for geologic media. Comprehensive analyses are performed toward determination of an appropriate law for a (artificial) soil. The most suitable model is obtained by critical evaluation of four different plasticity models; here verification and comparisons of predictions with observations from laboratory tests, and with those from two boundary value problems are used as the basis of the selection. The model thus selected is found to be appropriate for applications to relevant practical problems.(a) (TRRL)
Time course of chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration after acute skeletal muscle injury in mice.

Innate pro-inflammatory processes, such as chemokine signaling and leukocyte infiltration, predominate during the first 48 h after an acute skeletal muscle injury. However, the time course of chemokine expression and its relationship to leukocyte infiltration after acute muscle injury within this early post-injury time period has not been investigated. In this study, 46 anesthetized female C57BL/6NHsd mice underwent a closed crush injury of the gastrocnemius muscle and were euthanized 4, 8, 24 and 48 h post-injury. Microarray analysis found 14 chemokine genes to be up-regulated during this period, 12 of which are involved in macrophage or neutrophil chemotaxis, with up-regulation peaking at either 8 or 48 h. RT-PCR analysis on select chemokines confirmed the microarray activation pattern. Neutrophil infiltration patterns mirrored the time course of neutrophil-related chemokines with Gr-1-, 1A8- and 7/4-positive neutrophils infiltrating the muscle 4 h after injury, decreasing at 48 h. Conversely, gene expression and relative quantification levels of macrophage-related chemokines Ccl2 and Ccl7 peaked at 8 h, preceding the infiltration of CD68- and F4/80-positive macrophages, and protein expression of Ccl2 in the muscle. The up-regulation of other macrophage-related chemokines and their receptors peaked at 48 h post-injury.
The Effects of Soil Bacterial Community Structure on Decomposition in a Tropical Rain Forest

Soil microorganisms are key drivers of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles, yet it is still unclear how variations in soil microbial community composition influence many ecosystem processes. We investigated how shifts in bacterial community composition and diversity resulting from differences in carbon (C) availability affect organic matter decomposition by conducting an in situ litter manipulation experiment in a tropical rain forest in Costa Rica. We used bar-coded pyrosequencing to characterize soil bacterial community composition in litter manipulation plots and performed a series of laboratory incubations to test the potential functional significance of community shifts on organic matter decomposition. Despite clear effects of the litter manipulation on soil bacterial community composition, the treatments had mixed effects on microbial community function. Distinct communities varied in their ability to decompose a wide range of C compounds, and functional differences were related to both the relative abundance of the two most abundant bacterial sub-phyla (Acidobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria) and to variations in bacterial alphadiversity. However, distinct communities did not differ in their ability to decompose native dissolved organic matter (DOM) substrates that varied in quality and quantity. Our results show that although resource-driven shifts in soil bacterial community composition have the potential to influence decomposition of specific C substrates, those differences may not translate to differences in DOM decomposition rates in situ. Taken together, our results suggest that soil bacterial communities may be either functionally dissimilar or equivalent during decomposition depending on the nature of the organic matter being decomposed.
Structures of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites, Bradyzoites, and Sporozoites and Biology and Development of Tissue Cysts

Infections by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are widely prevalent world-wide in animals and humans. This paper reviews the life cycle; the structure of tachyzoites, bradyzoites, oocysts, sporocysts, sporozoites and enteroepithelial stages of T. gondii; and the mode of penetration of T. gondii. The review provides a detailed account of the biology of tissue cysts and bradyzoites including in vivo and in vitro development, methods of separation from host tissue, tissue cyst rupture, and relapse. The mechanism of in vivo and in vitro stage conversion from sporozoites to tachyzoites to bradyzoites and from bradyzoites to tachyzoites to bradyzoites is also discussed.
A study on the properties of lead tungstate crystals

Abstract This report summarizes the results of a study on the properties of five large and five small size lead tungstate (PbWO 4 ) crystals. Data are presented on the longitudinal optical transmittance and light attenuation length, light yield and response uniformity, emission spectra and decay time. The radiation resistance of large crystals and possible curing with optical bleaching are discussed. The result of an in depth materials study, including trace impurities analysis, are also presented. The general conclusion from this investigation is that further research and development is needed to develop fast, radiation-hard PbWO 4 crystals for the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC.
Keeping your lawn wet.

Even before the existence of experimental proof, it was thought that the length of the bacterial flagellum was controlled by capillary action. Flagellin subunits travel through the hollow structure of the flagellum and assemble at the growing tip outside the cell body. The growth rate of a flagellum has been shown to decrease as its length increases, with growth stopping at a flagellum length of approximately 15 μm (Iino, 1969). The same growth rate and terminal length was observed for a flagellum that was sheared off by mechanical forces. This would suggest that length is indeed limited by capillary action. Recent work by Wang and colleagues reports a relatively simple assay system showing that the length of Salmonella flagella is dependent directly on the degree of hydration in their external environment (Wang et al , 2005). The authors take advantage of earlier discoveries by Harshey and colleagues that Salmonella typhimurium , Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens can switch from a swimming phenotype, in which they use flagellar rotation to propel themselves (swim) through liquid environments, to a swarming phenotype, in which the bacteria use flagellar rotation to crawl (swarm) across surfaces (Alberti & Harshey, 1990; Harshey & Matsuyama, 1994). Furthermore, the bacteria undergo a morphogenetic change when they are taken from a swimming environment and placed on a hydrated surface. A low agar concentration in Petri dishes (0.3%) provides enough hydration to allow the bacteria to swim through the agar. Bacteria isolated from these …
Preparing for adulthood: health care transition counseling for youth with arthritis.

Objective To determine the proportion of adolescents with arthritis who receive health care transition services and to compare the rates with those reported for adolescents with other special health care needs and adolescents with diabetes. Methods We used data from the 2005–2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. A parent/guardian identified youth ages 12–17 years with arthritis (n = 1,052), diabetes (n = 389), and special health care needs (n = 18,189). Four questions examined the extent to which providers discussed health care transition issues, including 1) transfer of care to adult providers, 2) health care needs of adults, 3) acquiring health insurance, and 4) encouraging self-care responsibility. Bivariate comparisons assessed the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and health care transition services, and multivariate regression models compared outcomes between conditions. Results Many adolescents with arthritis are being encouraged to assume self-care responsibilities (74.8%); fewer discussed how health needs will change in adulthood (52.1%), acquiring insurance (22.5%), or transferring care to a provider who sees adults (19.0%). These results are similar to youth with other special health care needs, but behind youth with diabetes. Conclusion Among this sample of US adolescents, many report discussions about health care needs and self-management, but few are addressing critical aspects of the transition to adult-oriented health care.
Mach-Zehnder Modulator arm-length-mismatch measurement technique

This paper describes a robust measurement technique for determining the effective length mismatch of the two arms of a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), based on its broad-band filter characteristics. The proposed method involves measuring the V/spl pi/(/spl lambda/), n(/spl lambda/), and transfer function of a modulator at various externally applied bias points. This mismatch measurement technique is applied to a packaged polymer rib waveguide MZM, and it is shown that it has an arm-length mismatch of 1.9 /spl mu/m. Poling-induced writing is then proposed as a fabrication technique that can consistently produce polymer MZMs with arm-length-mismatch values less than 2 /spl mu/m.
Macro-level Gender Inequality and the Division of Household Labor in 22 Countries

While most previous studies focus on the effects of individuals' and couples' characteristics on the division of housework, this study argues that macro-level factors are equally important in the d...
Free 25(OH)D and Calcium Absorption, PTH, and Markers of Bone Turnover.

Context: It has been proposed that serum free 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may better reflect vitamin D action than total 25(OH)D. An ELISA for serum free 25(OH)D has recently become available, permitting direct assay. Objective: To determine whether serum free 25(OH)D provides additional information in relation to calcium absorption and other biomarkers of vitamin D action compared to total serum 25(OH)D. Setting: Ambulatory research setting in a teaching hospital. Outcome: Serum free 25(OH)D measured in a previously performed study of varied doses of vitamin D3 (placebo and 800, 2000, and 4000 IU) on calcium absorption, PTH, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Free 25(OH)D was measured by ELISA. Calcium absorption was measured at baseline and at 10 weeks using stable dual calcium isotopes. Results: Seventy-one subjects completed this randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Baseline group mean free and total 25(OH)D varied from 4.7 ± 1.8 to 5.4 ± 1.5 p...
On Estimating Wind Velocity Using an Upward-Looking ADCP

Abstract A new set of measurements made using an upward-looking broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is analyzed for “surface velocity,” which previous investigations suggest is related to wind velocity. In the present case, use of a shallow instrument depth and 1-m-depth resolution are shown to yield both a surface return, identified by a maximum in backscatter intensity (similar to previous studies), and a subsequent return that corresponds to a maximum in speed. These returns have speeds (measured relative to the 2-m-depth current) that increase to a peak of 0.7–0.8 m s−1 at a wind speed of 4–5 m s−1 and decrease for higher wind speeds, a behavior similar to that found by Nakajima et al., who made ADCP measurements using the same incidence angle (20°) as in the present study. A new finding is that the return having maximum speed yields a direction that better approximates the wind direction (a mean difference of about 5°) over the range of wind speeds sampled (up to 17 m s−1). Suggestions...
Causation, Agency, and Natural Actions

The immediate background for what I discuss is “factproposition-event (FPE) theory”. The three-way distinction between facts, propositions, and events (as entities and as concepts) has important support from the semantics of natural languages. First, there is the test for “factive” predicates to the effect that the truth of the complement of a factive predicate (the factive clause) remains implied or presupposed through negation of the predicate. Asserting either “John realized Mary left” or “John didn’t realize Mary left” presupposes or implicates the truth of “Mary left”. Predicates that are candidates for this test, but which fail it are deemed “propositionals” (in FPE theory) and their complements “propositional clauses”. “Believed” is a propositional, and “that Mary left” a propositional clause, in “John believed that Mary left”. “Eventive” predicates are those which seem, at first, to be additional factives. But eventive predicates resist associated subjects or objects which are full clauses.
Précis of Assessment Sensitivity: Relative Truth and its Applications

Assessment Sensitivity has two interconnected aims. The first is to give a clear account of what it is to be a relativist about truth. Most of the copious philosophical ink that has been spilled over truth relativism has been devoted to refutations of the thesis, or defenses against these refutations, with neither side saying very clearly what the thesis amounts to. I propose a way of understanding the thesis that makes it philosophically interesting, but not so interesting that it becomes indefensible. I try to say clearly exactly what one needs to show in order to establish that truth is relative in this sense.
Digital Politics 2016

I first wrote about digital politics 20 years ago. What little has changed has been for the worse.
Understanding Technology Adoption Trade-Offs: A Conjoint Analysis Approach

We utilize choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC), a novel methodological approach for IS decision-making research, to investigate the relative importance of the critical factors in the decision models of consumers when evaluating intention to use mobile office services. From a survey of working professionals, we extract the hierarchy of relative importance of each critical factor influencing the adoption decision. We found that moderate usefulness is the threshold that vendors should try to achieve and simple design does not differ significantly from the design with moderate complexity. The applicability of CBC analysis in IS research is established; guidelines and implications for IT designers, managers, and researchers are presented. Our findings enable practitioners to pursue practical questions such as: 1) which factors are consumers most concerned with when electing to adopt MO technology for professional communications? and 2) what is the tradeoff that consumers might make for accepting and adopting ...
Function Design Framework (Fdf): Integrated Process and Function Modeling for Complex Systems

Functional models are representations of the energy, material and signal transformations that occur through the expected or normal operating condition of a product. As the complexity of products increases, there are often multiple dimensions to their operation in addition to their nominal operating state, e.g., crash protection systems in a car or laser leveling and stud finding combined in a single tool. Here system state is used to represent the different operational dimensions of a product, and a representation scheme that allows designers to fully explore system functionality of products with multiple system states is explored. Previous work in process and functional analysis is integrated to better represent complex systems with multi-dimensional system functionality. Process and functional modeling are integrated to produce a new function design framework supporting user-defined fidelity of hierarchical models for functional representation. An example modeling a complete automobile life cycle illustrates the development of integrated process and functional models within a complex system analysis.Copyright © 2008 by ASME and General Motors
Simulating Patterns of Patient Engagement, Treatment Adherence, and Viral Suppression: A System Dynamics Approach to Evaluating HIV Care Management

Abstract System dynamics (SD) modeling belongs to the rapidly evolving, interdisciplinary field of system science research. This field adds value to more traditional health research by contributing to the design and testing of complex integrated models of change, to examine health system performance and patient outcomes. Using selected milestones in HIV care management to frame our simulation research, we created a SD model to examine three patient subgroups of women of color (WOC) represented in our multi-site cohort, classified by their health care seeking status at baseline. Asked to reflect on their circumstance 6 months prior to enrollment in the MSE cohort, 53% noted they were receiving some care (In Care, n=341), 31% that they had been seeking care (Seeking Care, n=201), and 16% that they were undecided about seeking care (i.e., answered that they may or may not look for care) for treatment of their HIV (May or May Not Seek Care, n=103). Our SD model compared simulated patterns of patient retention...
Analysis of non-occupational acute pesticide poisoning during 2007-2009 in Hangzhou

Objective:To develop effective management measures to control and reduce the incidence of acute pesticide poisoning through analyzing the prevelance status of acute pesticide poisoning in Hangzhou.Methods:The data were collected from health disserve surveillance information system which was part of China information system for disease control and prevention,and then used EXCEL for statistical analysis.Results:From 2007 to 2009,there were totally 2551 cases with pesticide poisoning,of which 204 cases died,the fatality rate was 7.99%.Among them,female patients were more than male patients.The pesticide(mostly organophosphorus pesticides) was the main poison that caused poisoning,accounting for 83.38% of the total poisoning patient.Outskirts of Hangzhou city was the most serious zone of pestcides poisoning,accouting for 92.32% of incidence cases.The incidence of pesticides poisoning had significant increase in the third season.Conclusion:Non-occupational pestcide poisoning was threatening the health of people in Hangzhou,and the effective prevention and the treatment should be taken immediately.
Two Restless Grotesques in Winesburg, Ohio

Sherwood Anderson begins Winesburg, Ohio with his sense of the contradictions and flux of life through an old writer, who is mindful of “[h]undreds and hundreds” of “truths” and of their “vague[nes...
Abstract A25: Cytometric atlas of the human breast: Comprehensive characterization reveals 12 distinct cell populations

Since formulation of the cellular theory in the early 19th century—relatively not so long ago—it has become universally recognized that tissues and organisms are formed and shaped by cells of many different types, all operating in beautiful harmony. Many mechanisms of this orchestration remain largely a mystery to this day, yet are important for us to understand if we are to fully comprehend fundamental processes in disease, especially one as formidable and perplexing as cancer. In the current era of progressive technological advances, many areas of biology are converging, and we now recognize and expect differences between cells, even among those of the same type, but whose origins rest in different tissues. Yet, many core tenets are being universally applied. The detailed cellular composition of tissues is clouded with uncertainty for many tissue types, and this includes the breast. To clarify the cell types in the breast and build a solid foundation for future work, we have meticulously examined a large collection of normal breast tissues, microscopically and by flow cytometry. We developed a complex antibody panel and rigorous gating strategy capable of objectively resolving and sorting each major cell type. We have sequenced mRNAs expressed by even the rarest of cell subpopulations and refined or developed methods for culturing each. This includes: several different luminal and epithelial fractions, myoepithelial cells, adipocytes, leukocytes, pericytes, erythrocytes, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and both lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells –12 different types in all. Future studies are aimed at developing heterotypic culture models using these cells, but also to use our new knowledge and experience to similarly explore heterogeneity of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancers. We will present the development of this method and characterization to date of the sorted cell populations. Citation Format: William Curtis Hines, Ambrose Carr, Kate Thi, Zhenmao Wan, Dana Pe9er, Mina J. Bissell. Cytometric atlas of the human breast: Comprehensive characterization reveals 12 distinct cell populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
Abstract 245: Indirect Comparison of Efficacy and Safety data in Atrial Fibrillation patients treated with Apixaban (Aristotle study) versus Dabigatran (Rely study) based on Chads2 Score Stratification

OBJECTIVES: In this analysis we performed indirect comparison of efficacy and safety of published data in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients stratified based on Chads2 score treated in RE-LY trial with Dabigatran (DAB) 150mg versus AF patients treated with Apixaban (APX) in ARISTOTLE study. METHODS: Primary efficacy and safety outcomes data for both cohorts were compared. WINPEPI (2011, version 11.15) epidemiological tool was used to compare the event rates ( safety and efficacy) per 100 patient year (100PY). RESULTS: For the primary end point of stroke or systemic embolism 0.7, 1.2 and 1.9 events in APX vs 0.65, 0.84 and 1.88 events in DAB occurred per 100PY (OR=1.07, 1.42, 1.01 respectively, all P statistically NS) in patients with Chads 2 score of 0-1, 2 and >=3; for safety end point of major bleed (any) 1.4, 2.3 and 2.9 events in APX vs 2.11, 3.04 and 4.85 events in DAB occurred per 100PY (OR=0.66 (P=0.055), 0.75 (P=0.093) and 0.59 (P =0.0005) in patients with Chads 2 score of 0-1, 2 and >=3. For both efficacy and safety parameters indirect comparison of the active comparator (warfarin) arms in both studies across the similar Chads 2 score categories did not exhibit statistically significant difference . CONCLUSIONS: This analysis of the published data suggests similar efficacy for both agents when used in AF patients across the Chad2 score categories, however there was a trend for a higher major bleeding risks ( Chads 2 score 0-1 and 2 ) and a statistically significantly higher bleeding event rate (Chads2 score >=3) with DAB.
Cultural Heritage Preservation in Modern China: Problems, Perspectives, and Potentials

Beijing, motivated by the 2008 Olympics, has impressively modernizedin the past decade, replacing crumbling infrastructure and architecture, missingstreet lights, grey dirt, and weeds with wide boulevards crowded with late modelcars, ultra-modern bridges, subways, and skyscrapers. Yet, experts say, everythingin China is a trade-off. My focus is on one form of trade-off, the degradation of historicChina. Traveling in China exactly ten years after my first visit gave me opportunitiesto meet with representatives from media, education, and government, andask: how well has China maintained its cultural heritage in the face of rapid modernization?And how important is it for citizens and government to do so? Today’sChina, where “everything new is better,” must be rendered “livable” for growingnumbers of citizens who are part of an ongoing mass internal migration involvingrelocation from rural areas to rapidly burgeoning cities, increasing pressures torepurpose spaces occupied by old structures. This paper presents current problemsrelating to historic preservation, and some perspectives for the future.
Patient perspectives on answering questions about sexual orientation and gender identity: an integrative review.

Aims and objectives To examine patients’ perceptions of being asked about their sexual orientation and gender identity in the healthcare setting. Background Health disparities exist in the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population, but further research is needed to better understand these disparities. To address this issue, experts recommend the routine collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data in health care. Nurses on the front line of patient care play a key role in the collection of these data. However, to enable nurses to conduct such assessments it is important to understand the perspective of the patients on being asked about their sexual orientation and gender identity in a healthcare setting. Design An integrative review was conducted using the methodology proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546). Methods Six electronic databases were searched, and two reviewers independently reviewed papers for inclusion. Papers were included if they were empirical studies, peer-reviewed papers or reports, assessing patient perspectives on discussing sexual orientation and gender identity in the healthcare setting. Results Twenty-one relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified. A majority of the studies indicated patients’ willingness to respond to, and a perceived importance of, questions about sexual orientation and gender identity. However, fears of homophobia and negative consequences hindered willingness to disclose this information. Conclusions This review indicates that in most cases patients are willing to answer routine questions about their sexual orientation in the healthcare setting and perceive them as important questions to ask. Relevance to clinical practice The findings of this review have implications for nurses looking to incorporate questions about sexual orientation into their routine patient assessment. The findings indicate that care providers need to be mindful of heteronormative assumptions and take steps to ensure they are knowledgeable about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF THE QUATERNARY ICE SHEET OF NORTH AMERICA

It is generally agreed that the Quaternary ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere were brought about by a cooling of the atmosphere. A temperature decrease tends to reduce water vapor in the air and...
Lost in translation: Understanding Students' use of social networking and online resources to support early clinical practices. A National Survey of graduate speech-language pathology students

The Internet is a source of many resources for graduate speech-language pathology (SLP) students. It is important to understand the resources students are aware of, which they use, and why they are being chosen as sources of information for therapy activities. A national online survey of graduate SLP students was conducted to assess their awareness, use, and value of social networking and online resources. Participants also viewed original interface designs created to support the use of current literature in the development of therapy activities. A total of 683 students (348 first-year and 335 second-year) representing the national population in terms of region, ethnicity, and sex completed the survey. Students were highly aware of and active in social networking. High overall awareness was associated with high overall use. First-year students reported using online resource sites when unsure what to do more than second-year students. Students reported implementing activities obtained from social networking or online resource sites (92%) but few provided feedback (14%) or contributed materials (11%). Students supported integrations between social networking and research articles that created links between activities and the evidence base. Results of this survey have implications for clinical education and academic instruction in the era of digital technologies. Integrative features of online resources may help students to bridge the gap between evidence and daily therapy activities by supporting connections to research literature.
Differentiation of benign versus metastatic vertebral body compression fractures

Six patients with benign fractures showed a sharply demarcated vertical band of preserved bone marrow along the dorsal one-third of the compressed vertebral body, while the anterior two-thirds showed decreased signal intensity (SI) with a T1-weighted sequence. This “posterior band sign” seen in benign, and not seen in metastatic, fractures correlates well with the biochemical theory of the “three column spine”. The latter defines compression fracture by an intact “middle column” which includes the dorsal one-third of the vertebral body, posterior annulus fibrosus, and posterior longitudinal ligament. Metastatic fractures showed either complete or irregular bone marrow replacement of multiple vertebral bodies and of posterior elements. Other benign patterns included a horizontal band of low SI adjacent to the superior or inferior vertebral endplate, isointense or increased SI of the vertebral body in images with a T1-weighted sequence. Two fractures were indeterminate.
Distributed caching in mobile networks with heterogeneous content demand

The proposed architecture implements a content sharing infrastructure using device-to-device wireless links towards the goal of reducing the usage cost of 3G/4G cellular links. For downloading digital content, a device can first search within the local mobile network at the edge for the requested content before downloading it from the CP's server. The expected usage of 3G/4G bandwidth in this approach can be lower. Building on a content pricing and sharing incentive structure, the paper first develops a new heterogeneous model for content request from mobile devices. Using this model, it then develops an optimal cooperative caching strategy with the goal of minimizing the content provisioning cost in wireless mobile networks. Using the mobile network simulator ONE, it is shown that the proposed mechanism is able to reduce bandwidth usage and the resulting content provisioning cost compared to traditional caching mechanisms in both monolithic and community-based mobility scenario.