cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SILAC phosphoproteomics reveals unique signaling circuits in CAR-T cells and the inhibition of B cell-activating phosphorylation in target cells

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a single-pass transmembrane receptor designed to specifically target and eliminate cancers. While CARs prove highly efficacious against B cell malignancies, the intracellular signaling events which promote CAR T cell activity remain elusive. To gain further insight into both CAR T cell signaling and the potential signaling response of cells targeted by CAR, we analyzed phosphopeptides captured by two separate phopshoenrichment strategies from third generation CD19-CAR T cells cocultured with SILAC labeled Raji B cells by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here, we report that CD19-CAR T cells upregulated several key phosphorylation events also observed in canonical T cell receptor (TCR) signaling while Raji B cells exhibited a significant decrease in B cell receptor-signaling related phosphorylation events in response to coculture. Our data suggest that CD19-CAR stimulation activates a mixture of unique CD19-CAR-specific signaling pathways and canonical TCR signaling while global phosphorylation in Raji B cells is reduced after association with the CD19-CAR T cells.
Eighth Amendment Jurisprudence and Transgender Inmates: The “WPATH” to Evolving Standards of Decency

There has never been a greater opportunity in American history to address the challenges facing gender dysphoric inmates than now. Gender dysphoria is a mental illness characterized by severe distress at the incongruence between one’s sex and one’s internalized gender identity. Federal courts have signaled a willingness to consider the unique mental health challenges facing gender dysphoric people incarcerated in state and federal prisons as covered under “cruel and unusual punishments” jurisprudence requiring “adequate medical care.” One such remedy federal courts have been called upon to require is “sex reassignment surgery” (“SRS”). Such surgery would change the petitioning inmate’s anatomy or secondary sex characteristics to more closely align with his or her internalized gender identity. The sister circuit split between the 1st Circuit, 5th Circuit, and 9th Circuit illuminates the diverse analytical methodologies that courts and petitioners have implemented to adjudicate and resolve challenged institutional “deliberate indifference” to gender dysphoric inmates’ medical necessities. However, there is a notable commonality between all three circuits—the reliance on the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (“WPATH”) Standards of Care (“Standards”). The Standards are compared against existing jurisprudence for determining the scope of the Eighth Amendment, and the juxtaposition leaves much to be legally desired by petitioners seeking prison-provided SRS. The reality of federal jurisprudential reliance on states’ actions, laws, and regulations to determine the scope of the Eighth Amendment, while damning petitioners’ claims, should be viewed as providing a clear path to constitutional respite and medical care for a deeply vulnerable population.
Joseph Conrad's Critical Reception

Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Joseph Conrad's novels and short stories have consistently figured into - and helped to define - the dominant trends in literary criticism. This book is the first to provide a thorough yet accessible overview of Conrad scholarship and criticism spanning the entire history of Conrad studies, from the 1895 publication of his first book, Almayer's Folly, to the present. While tracing the general evolution of the commentary surrounding Conrad's work, John G. Peters's careful analysis also evaluates Conrad's impact on critical trends such as the belles lettres tradition, the New Criticism, psychoanalysis, structuralist and post-structuralist criticism, narratology, postcolonial studies, gender and women's studies, and ecocriticism. The breadth and scope of Peters's study make this text an essential resource for Conrad scholars and students of English literature and literary criticism.
8 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the classification and properties of cytoplasmic phosphoseryl-, phosphothreonyl-, as well as the phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatases. A breakthrough in the area of phosphatase categorization occurred when Lee et al. found that treatment of the high-molecular-weight enzyme with 80% ethanol converted it to a low-molecular-weight form of Mr∼35,000. This, along with metal ion sensitivity, formed the basis of some early attempts to subdivide the enzymes. However, it soon became apparent that the Mr∼35,000 phosphatase preparations contained two distinct enzymes that could be distinguished by their susceptibilities to the heat-stable inhibitors, as well as their relative activities toward the α- and β-subunits of phosphorylase kinase. These properties have provided the grounds for a new classification system for the phosphoseryl- and phosphothreonyl-protein phosphatases. Studies suggested that the level of phosphotyrosyl residues in cells would reflect the relative activities of the competing kinases and phosphatases in which the type 1 enzymes are those that are susceptible to inhibitor- 1 and -2 and preferentially dephosphorylate the β-subunit of phosphorylase kinase, whereas the type 2 enzymes are not inhibited and display higher activity toward the α-subunit. Types 1 and 2A seem to be the most closely related; they have broad substrate specificities and attack essentially the same phosphate groups but at different rates. Phosphatase-1 has a specific activity toward phosphorylase a approximately 10-fold higher than that of type 2A. Phosphatase-2B (calcineurin) is clearly different because of its stimulation by Ca2+-CaM. The type 2C enyzme shows an absolute dependence on divalent metal ions, such as Mg2+; it acts poorly on phosphorylase a but is very active toward hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and HMG CoA reductase kinase.
Data partitioning for networked parallel processing

The workstation model of parallel processing presents specific challenges caused by the latency of the communications network and the workload imbalance that arises from the heterogeneity of the nodes. Data partitioning is critically important for parallel processing in this environment. We mathematically characterize the communication costs for four data decomposition schemes: scatter, contiguous point, contiguous row, and block. These methods are analyzed in terms of problem size, number of processors, network speed, and communication pattern. Bounds are established for the performance of these decomposition schemes that can be used to make better-informed data partitioning decisions. >
Information derived from soil maps: Areal distribution of bedrock landslide distribution and slope steepness

Soil maps can be used to generate maps showing the areal distribution of bedrock. This technique is especially useful in heavily vegetated areas where weathering is intense and outcrops sparse. Broad lithologic categories that are readily distinguished include: diabase/basalt, sandstone, shale, limestone, conglomerate, and hornfels. Using soil maps is not a substitute for field work, but is a valuable tool to aid in making geologic maps. Soil maps can also be used to produce derivative maps showing slope steepness and landslide distribution.
Asymptotically isometric copies of ℓ^{∞} in Banach spaces and a theorem of Bessaga and Pelczynski

We introduce the notion of a Banach space containing an asymptotically isometric copy of ?'. A well known result of Bessaga and Pelczyiiski states a Banach space X contains a complemented isomorphic copy of ?' if and only if X* contains an isomorphic copy of co if and only if X* contains an isomorphic copy of ?Oo. We prove an asymptotically isometric analogue of this result.
Lasing in the random medium of colloidal CdS/CdSe/CdS quantum-well structure

Lasing action is observed in random medium of colloidal CdS/CdSe/CdS quantum-well structure. The lasing threshold is much lower and the lasing linewidth is much narrower than that of other random or nanocrystal laser systems.
Vibration of Chimney Supported on Elevated Concrete Slab

A method for evaluating natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes of a tall chimney structure supported on an elevated elastic concrete slab using Stodola method of flexibility is described. The concrete slab is simply supported along its periphery by deep girders. The solution is applied to different construction methods for steel and masonry shells, and the results of the natural frequencies and their mode shapes are given in tabular and graphical form.
Contemporary Thoughts on the History of Photography

All photographers work today with historical perspective. They know that the technology they use has an origin in the distant past. They know photography has progressed and transformed over time, and they believe the current system of photography must be superior to that of the past. They are sure they will witness further progress in photography. These are the lessons of history understood by all, and none need inquire any further in order to photograph.
Integration of regulatory signals through involvement of multiple global regulators: control of the Escherichia coli gltBDF operon by Lrp, IHF, Crp, and ArgR.

The glutamate synthase operon (gltBDF) contributes to one of the two main pathways of ammonia assimilation in Escherichia coli. Of the seven most-global regulators, together affecting expression of about half of all E. coli genes, two were previously shown to exert direct, positive control on gltBDF transcription: Lrp and IHF. The involvement of Lrp is unusual in two respects: first, it is insensitive to the usual coregulator leucine, and second, Lrp binds more than 150 bp upstream of the transcription starting point. There was indirect evidence for involvement of a third global regulator, Crp. Given the physiological importance of gltBDF, and the potential opportunity to learn about integration of global regulatory signals, a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches was used to investigate the involvement of additional regulatory proteins, and to determine their relative binding positions and potential interactions with one another and with RNA polymerase (RNAP).
Development of Peptide Conjugated Chlorogenic Acid Nanoassemblies for Targeting Tumorigenic Cells

Nanoassemblies were developed from the natural polyphenol chlorogenic acid (CGA) to create targeted drug delivery vehicles for the antitumor drug Topotecan. To specifically target tumor cells, we functionalized the formed assemblies with a tumor targeting peptide. Release profiles showed an initial burst release followed by sustained release up to 140 minutes for the fibrillar assemblies. Nanovesicles released the drug slower. Cell proliferation studies indicated that while chondrocytes continued to grow, tumor cells showed blebbing and their proliferation was significantly reduced in the presence of the drug loaded assemblies. Thus, we have developed new nanoassemblies for selective targeting of tumor cells.
Evaluation of Preston Tube Calibration Equations in Supersonic Flow

Theme S by many investigators have for some time established that the surface pitot tube can be used to measure local turbulent skin friction. Circular surface pitot tubes are generally called "Preston Tubes," after the author of Ref. 1. Basically, the Preston Tube technique, as seen in Fig. 1, consists of bringing a tube of appropriate size into contact with the test surface at the location where local skin friction is desired, measuring the pitot pressure sensed by this tube, and combining this pressure with local freestream conditions and tube diameter to calculate local skin friction from an existing calibration equation. The main advantages of the Preston Tube over other skin-friction measuring techniques is its sturdiness, simplicity of use, and the fact that calibration of individual tubes is not required. In previous calibration experiments in supersonic flow,' it was found that data from all Reynolds numbers, Mach numbers, and tube diameters tested collapsed into a single narrow band when the appropriate calibration parameters were used. The calibrations were thus reported to be independent of Mach and Reynolds numbers and tube diameter. The range of tube sizes theoretically usable, however, is very large; much larger than that used by the previous investigators in performing their calibrations. This study was thus initiated to provide calibration data at larger Reynolds-number-based-on-tube-diameter (RD) and higher supersonic Mach numbers (Me) than previously existed. These new data and existing supersonic data are used in this study to evaluate both existing Preston Tube calibration equations and new equations developed in this study in light of the new data. The larger values of RD and Me of the new
Ocular Complications of Primary Sjögren Syndrome in Men

Purpose To report the ocular complications of primary Sjogren syndrome (SS) in men. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods setting: Tertiary-care SS center. patient population: Total of 163 consecutive primary Sjogren syndrome patients evaluated between January 2007 and March 2013. main outcome measure: Frequency of extraglandular ocular and systemic manifestations and serologic results in men compared to women. Results Fourteen of the 163 primary SS patients (9%) were men. On initial presentation, men were a decade older (61 vs 50 years, P P = .09). A majority of men reported dry eye on presentation (92%), albeit less chronic compared to women (5.9 vs 10.8 years, P = .07). Men were more likely to present with serious ocular complications than women (43% vs 11%, P = .001). Extraglandular systemic complications of SS (ie, vasculitis, interstitial nephritis) were also more common in men (64% vs 40%, P = .07). Further, men were more likely to be negative for anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/La, and antinuclear antibodies than women (36% men vs 11% women, P = .01). Conclusion Men with primary SS have a higher frequency of serious ocular and systemic manifestations. Although primary Sjogren syndrome is typically considered a disease of middle-aged women, it may be underdiagnosed and consequentially more severe in men. Physicians should have a lower threshold to test for SS in men with dry eye.
Open repair of ruptured descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Objective To evaluate the results of the open repair of ruptured thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods From January 1997, a total of 100 consecutive open repairs of ruptured thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms were performed (43 thoracic and 57 thoracoabdominal). These patients were compared with contemporary cases that underwent repair of corresponding intact aneurysms. Propensity matching analysis was used to neutralize the differences in baseline characteristics. Results Patients with ruptured aneurysm had a significantly worse baseline clinical profile. The surgical strategy adopted was similar in intact and ruptured aneurysms, with the exception of lower use of spinal drainage, intercostal reimplantation, and associated procedures in those with rupture ( P P = .01). The incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction, need for tracheostomy, and need for dialysis was 3%, 19%, and 11% in the rupture, and 0.8%, 5.7%, and 4.2% in the intact series ( P ≤ .01 for all variables). Five-year survival was 47.5% for the rupture, and 59.5% for the intact series ( P Conclusions Open repair of ruptured thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms can be performed with a gratifying rate of success. For patients with similar preoperative comorbidities, postoperative survival is not affected by the presence of a ruptured aneurysm.
Calculated performance of a mineral-oil-iron ionization spectrometer

Abstract The calculated performances of two slightly different mineral-oil-iron ionization spectrometer designs are presented and compared with experimental data. The particle types considered are electrons, protons, and pions with momenta ranging from 3 to 17.3 GeV/ c . Many of the factors which contribute to the overall performance of such a spectrometer and which are often omitted in other calculations are included in these calculations. In general, the agreement between the calculated and the experimental results is good.
Multispectral imaging using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) embedded vertical silicon nanowires

We demonstrate the use of vertical silicon nanowires for multispectral imaging. The eight filter functions of our filter array are defined in a single lithography step. We show both visible color and near-infrared imaging.
Matching of initial behavior in time domain approximation

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present an extension of the method of least-squares as applied to time domain approximation. A technique is developed by which one is able to match the initial time domain behavior of the desired impulse response while performing the usual least-squares approximation. The method begins with the construction of a set of functions, all with proper initial behavior, through linear combination of exponentials. Then the desired impulse response is expanded in terms of this set of functions. The closure property of sets of exponential functions is studied to show that, if the error of approximation without the matching of initial behavior can be made arbitrarily small by using more and more terms, then the same is true when the initial behavior is matched. An example is included to illustrate the method.
Creep behavior of a tungsten alloy dispersion strengthened by ZrO 2

The creep behavior of a dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy was studied over a temperature range of 1820 to 2160 K or 0.45 to 0.56 Tm and a stress range of 24 to 138 MPa. The activation energy for creepwas determined as 2.37 ± 0.07 MJ/kgK and was not a function of stress. The steady-state creep rate varied linearly with stress at stresses below 80 MPa and as the 4.6 ± 0.1 power of stress at stresses above 100 MPa. The stress dependency did not satisfy an exponential relationship. The creep behavior satisfied the functional dependency of the Ansell-Weertman model, but the creep rates were in error by a factor of about 103. Nabarro-Herring creep in the low-stress region and a modification of the Ansell-Weertman theory in the high-stress region provide satisfactory agreement with experiment for this tungsten alloy as well as the SAP alloy of Ansell and Lenel.
Packaging reminiscences: some thoughts on controversial matters

Packaging is necessary in a world dominated by marketing-based economies, which rely on it for the safe delivery of profitable products. It is different from many other functions because packaging has two faces and each face demands a special marketing approach. Also necessary to appreciate is that in the very marketing of all products packaging plays a vital part, yet it is still often treated as a necessary evil and is often used on an expediency basis by product manufacturers. Even the packaging manufacturers themselves still fall into the trap of providing what is asked for instead of designing what is really needed. To describe packaging as in a world of its own is no pretension, for wherever natural or manufactured products are produced, packaging is needed to contain, preserve and protect them in the journey to the market place. Food, drink, clothing, light engineering goods, china and glass, medicines and household chemicals—in all those industries it is packaging made of paper and board, glass, plastic and metal that serves them. The importance of properly designed packaging lies in the fact that it must meet the need for protection of the product from the hazards of damage and deterioration. At the same time it must also provide identification and attractive presentation and meet the appropriate environmental criteria, Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between mechanical and osmotic forces in the isolated rabbit lens

Abstract Based on our previous work showing that cow and rabbit lenses isolated with their accommodation anatomical components intact change volume during simulated accommodation in vitro, and that hyposmolality and hyperosmolality also produce volume changes, we tested the idea that exerting these forces simultaneously may add or counteract each other. Further, we attempted to find a point at which osmotic and mechanical forces may cancel each other. Using previously described methodology, we found that combined stretching and anisotonic conditions applied to a lens always produced less of a volume change than that observed on its paired lens from the fellow eye that was only subjected to anisotonic conditions. Our results suggest that a stretching force that increases the equatorial diameter by 0.4% and reduces the lens volume by 1.8% could be canceled by a hyposmotic force of about −20 to −30 mOsM. Counter-intuitively, lenses that were subjected to stretching and hyperosmolality had less volume decrease than their paired lenses only exposed to hypertonicity. This latter observation is likely due to the prevention by the mechanical stretching forces of the shortening of the equatorial diameter, which normally occurs in hypertonic media.
Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G2k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec−1, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C.
The Cenozoic hermatypic corals in the eastern Pacific: History of research

Abstract Studies of hermatypic corals in the eastern Pacific have mainly focused on Recent species, and relatively few of these works have studied fossil corals. The purpose of the present contribution is to provide a comprehensive synthesis on Cenozoic hermatypic coral studies that will serve: a) to identify gaps in our understanding about the Cenozoic evolution of eastern Pacific hermatypic fauna, and b) to be used as a baseline for future work in the region. Our knowledge regarding the eastern Pacific fossil coral fauna has increased gradually since 1864. A total of 151 coral species including synonyms have been recorded in the region. The species richness increases from Paleocene to Oligocene followed by a loss of species towards the Pleistocene, though to some extent biodiversity estimates are affected by sampling intensity. Fossil-bearing units are spatially restricted to Washington-Seattle, south and central California, Gulf of California and Chiapas, and there is a lack of outcrops in western Mexico and Central America. In general, fossil coral studies have been sporadic, incidental in nature, and restricted to species descriptions, faunal lists and geographic affinities. The relative lack and nature of the hermatypic fossil studies in the region have directly affected our understanding about the origin of the modern eastern Pacific coral fauna and its evolutionary history. Studies regarding to taxonomy and systematics, and detailed spatio–temporal community dynamics, are essential for understanding the evolution of the fauna.
Assessment of the cardiac effects of hemodialysis with systolic time intervals and echocardiography.

The acute effects of hemodialysis on left ventricular (LV) function were studied with the use of externally recorded LV systolic time intervals and echocardiography; 10 patients with normal or near-normal predialysis LV function and no circulatory congestion were studied. Hemodialysis significantly decreased the LV ejection time (LVET) from 270 ± 9 ms to 237 ± 10 ms (p CF from 1.2 ± 0.1 s −1 to 1.4 ± 0.1 s −1 (p
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 29—The fast thermal decomposition characteristics of a multicomponent material: liquid gun propellant 1845

Abstract The high-rate (> 100°C see − ) decomposition characteristics of a multicomponent liquid gun propellant containing hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN), triethanol ammonium nitrate (TEAN), and water are described with the rapidscan FTIR thermal profiling technique. The decomposition characteristics of the HAN and TEAN components were examined and then compared to the pyrolysis behavior of the liquid gun propellant 1845 (LGP1845). A four-step process that describes the major events occurring during the fast thermal decomposition and ignition of LGP1845 is presented.
The Radio as a Medium of Modern Foreign Language Instruction

Historical outline of the development of radio as an agency in the general field of education and discussion of its special adaptability for the broadcasting of foreign languages
Eye movements and target fixation during dragonfly prey-interception flights.

The capture of flying insects by foraging dragonflies is a highly accurate, visually guided behavior. Rather than simply aiming at the prey’s position, the dragonfly aims at a point in front of the prey, so that the prey is intercepted with a relatively straight flight trajectory. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying this behavior, we used high-speed video to quantify the head and body orientation of dragonflies (female Erythemis simplicicollis flying in an outdoor flight cage) relative to an artificial prey object before and during pursuit. The results of our frame-by-frame analysis showed that during prey pursuit, the dragonfly adjusts its head orientation to maintain the image of the prey centered on the “crosshairs” formed by the visual midline and the dorsal fovea, a high acuity streak that crosses midline at right angles about 60° above the horizon. The visual response latencies to drifting of the prey image are remarkably short, ca. 25 ms for the head and 30 ms for the wing responses. Our results imply that the control of the prey-interception flight must include a neural pathway that takes head position into account.
Influence of Residual Damage on Fatigue Performance of Heat-Straightened Steel Bridge Girders

Damage to highway bridge members can occur when vehicles strike a bridge member. The damage, which occurs at high strain rates, results in significant plastic deformation of the member. Heat straightening along with mechanical techniques, such as jacking or pressing, of damaged members has been demonstrated to be an effective, accurate, and cost-efficient repair technique when applied correctly. Fortunately, significant research efforts over the past 20 years have led to the development of appropriate techniques to repair severely damaged members. Less certain, however, is the fatigue and fracture performance of heat-straightened members. This paper reports on the current status of NCHRP Project 10-63, Heat-Straightening Repair of Damaged Steel Bridge Girders: Fatigue and Fracture Performance. The initial results of the study suggest that there is no degradation in the fatigue resistance of damaged, heat-straightened members as long as all nicks, gouges, and other defects are removed and the beam is returned to its initial undamaged geometry. It has been found that in the presence of residual geometric damage, the live load stresses near the impact location can be significantly altered and local stresses at fatigue sensitive details may be much higher than determined through traditional nominal stress calculations. The FHWA manual of standard practice for heat-straightening repair of steel bridges does not address this issue, and its use can therefore result in unconservative estimates of remaining fatigue life in repaired girders in some instances. A preliminary method to quantify the effects of residual damage and some of the general findings of the research are presented in this paper.
Clostridial Endophthalmitis after Cornea Transplantation: Identifying the Unexpected through Sentinel Event Procedures

Abstract ISSUE: Clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis (CPE) has been associated with injury from soil-contaminated objects but not following corneal transplant. Two cases of endophthalmitis were reported 24 hours after transplantation. Commonalties were surgeon and donor. A sentinel event investigation was initiated. PROJECT: Infection Control (IC) investigation included: eye bank procedures; donor condition; recipient health status; surgical practices; and culture results of pre-transplant rim and pharmaceutical solutions. Investigation team included surgical team, microbiology, regional eye bank, infectious diseases, IC, pharmacy, and patient safety. External agencies (Eye Bank Association of America, AHCA, FDA, and CDC) were also involved. Procedures, practices, and cultures from clinical specimens and pharmaceutical products were analyzed. RESULTS: Eye bank and surgical procedures followed existing standards of care: body refrigerated within 3 hours, corneas recovered within 8 hours, normal donor tissue by slit lamp examination, tissue maintained in recommended antimicrobial solution, and implanted within 48 hours of recovery. Surgeon routinely cultured donor rims prior to transplantation. Cultures of pharmaceuticals were negative. Both pre-operative rim cultures and cultures after development of symptoms grew CP. Donor died of metastatic colon cancer. Donor blood cultures were negative. Recipients had no recognized underlying infections. LESSONS LEARNED: While not required by current guidelines, the surgeon's practice of culturing the rim prior to transplantation helped identify the source of infection in these cases and also identified current problems with decontamination of transplantation tissue. Routine culturing prior to transplantation might prevent future infections. Development of improved decontamination methods that include spores should be undertaken.
Comparative study of the actions of nicotine and succinylcholine on the monosynaptic reflex and spindle afferent activity

Summary Nicotine, in low doses of 20–40 μg/kg i.v., blocked the monosynaptic reflex without influencing spindle afferent activity. In contrast, succinylcholine depressed the monosynaptic reflex only when it enhanced spindle discharge. Abolition of the spindle excitatory effect of succinylcholine by gallamine or deafferentation eliminated the monosynaptic reflex depressant action of succinylcholine but did not affect that of nicotine. Mecamylamine, on the other hand, which blocks the nicotinic synapse at the Renshaw cell, abolished the monosynaptic reflex blocking effect of nicotine but not that of succinylcholine. These results emphasize the basically different mechanisms underlying the blockade of the monosynaptic reflex by nicotine and succinylcholine. At intermediate doses of nicotine (40–80 μg/kg i.v.) spindle afferent activity was affected through changes in fusinotor activity consisting of a brief increase followed by prolonged depression. In still higher i.v. doses of nicotine, a direct excitatory effect on the spindle organ was observed. Depression of the monosynaptic reflex through this peripheral effect was revealed when the central action of nicotine was blocked by mecamylamine. Like the action of succinylcholine, it could be blocked by gallamine. Excitation of skin receptors and motor nerve terminals was excluded as a contributory cause of the monosynaptic reflex depression induced by nicotine in the dose range used.
$LogFile of NTFS: A blueprint of activities

Every successful action performed in NTFS leads to update of $MFT. However, there is a chain or set of chains of transactions behind every single activity of NTFS. However, $MFT updation only shows the end product of action and corresponding chain or set of chains of transactions are not documented by it. $Logfile is the file which logs all said transactions. $MFT is a well researched area but $LogFile is relatively a less explored area. $LogFile was created by Microsoft for system recovery. However, it can also be used to get the blueprints of activities of NTFS as it logs all the transactions of NTFS. This paper deals with analysis of $LogFile used in Windows 7, its layout /structure, type of records and their decoding, explanation of information contained in these records and the techniques of reading it to extract blueprints of activities of NTFS.
Local Government Performance and the Challenges of Regional Preparedness for Disasters

As is well known, most emergency incidents are managed by local governments. However, when an incident of disaster-scale occurs, the traditional model of emergency management has certain limitations. Emergency response systems are primarily designed to manage incidents locally, not to facilitate coordination across multiple jurisdictional boundaries. As a result, the threat of a catastrophic terrorist attack and of other regional-scale natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina has led to a policy demand for actual regional coordination in emergency response. In this article, we discuss the local development of regionalism in emergency management and present an approach to assessing the effectiveness of such efforts (i.e., we examine local government conditions conducive to regionalization). We discuss various strategies for assessing the push for regionalism in emergency management, including providing several regional integration performance indicators and an outline of the importance of combining assessm...
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis in the Regulation of Cutaneous Wound Repair.

Significance: Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from existing vessels, is an important aspect of the repair process. Restoration of blood flow to damaged tissues provides oxygen and nutrients required to support the growth and function of reparative cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent proangiogenic growth factors in the skin, and the amount of VEGF present in a wound can significantly impact healing. Recent Advances: The activity of VEGF was once considered to be specific for endothelial cells lining the inside of blood vessels, partly because VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression was believed to be restricted to endothelial cells. It is now known, however, that VEGFRs can be expressed by a variety of other cell types involved in wound repair. For example, keratinocytes and macrophages, which both carry out important functions during wound healing, express VEGFRs and are capable of responding directly to VEGF. Critical Issues: The mechanisms by which VEGF prom...
Age-specific toxicity of copper to larval topsmelt Atherinops affinis

The age-specific sensitivity of topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) larvae to copper was assessed. A series of 7-d growth and survival experiments were conducted using cohorts of larval fish isolated into different age groups of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, and 20 d post-hatch. Fish aged 0, 3, and 5 d were less sensitive to copper chloride than fish ≥7 d old. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for copper ranged from 365 μg L−1 in 0-d larvae, to 137 μg L−1 in 20-d larvae. NOECs remained relatively constant for all ages: 180 μg L−1 for 1- and 3-d-old fish, 100 μg L−1 for all other cohorts. Regression analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between LC50 and gill surface area (GSA; R2 = —0.793) and cutaneous surface area (CSA; R2 = —0.760. Although these correlations were expected because both morphometrics increase with age, the relationships between increasing respiratory surface area and LC50 may indicate that the increase in sensitivity with larval age is related to an increase in copper uptake, either cutaneously or branchially. GSA increased more than sevenfold between hatch and 20 d, whereas CSA increased only threefold throughout the same period.
THEORY OF THE KAPITZA-DIRAC EFFECT IN STRONG RADIATION FIELDS

By applying the stationary wave functions for an electron interacting with a circularly polarized standing-wave photon field, and a nonperturbative scattering theory, we obtain a theoretical description of the Kapitza-Dirac effect in strong radiation fields. The theory predicts that large momentum transfers can occur, when two propagating light waves have the same angular momentum and opposite helicity, as observed by Bucksbaum, Schumacher, and Bashkansky as a half process in multiphoton ionization. The theory and possible experiments to detect the full Kapitza-Dirac effect in electron scattering from a strong radiation field are discussed. The theory also predicts that with the participation of ponderomotive energy, the incident electron beam, after interacting with a standing photon wave, may have symmetric reflection, asymmetric reflection, penetration, and refraction. Transition rate formulas of these processes are presented. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Young-Onset Rectal Cancer: Presentation, Pattern of Care and Long-term Oncologic Outcomes Compared to a Matched Older-Onset Cohort

Background Recent population-based studies have highlighted a disproportionate increase in the incidence of rectal cancer among adults younger than aged 50 years. To determine whether different intervention and surveillance strategies might be needed for younger patients, the patterns of care and oncologic outcomes among adults younger than aged 50 years with rectal cancer were investigated.
INORGANIC COMPOSITION OF EXUDATE FROM EUREKA LEMONS TREATED WITH ELEMENTAL SULFUR DUST

IN STUDIES ON the physiological effects of elemental sulfur dust on citrus fruits (Turrell, 1950), it was noted that at temperatures of 105?-140?F. both nondusted and sulfur-dusted lemons contained in pyrex bottles through which a stream of washed air was passed yielded a yellow liquid. Because of the experimental conditions imposed on the fruit, the liquid might be considered a condensate, but it was observed in these studies, as in early stages of sulfur burn, that the affected area usually developed a translucent appearance. This has been interpreted as indicating an exudation ("leakage sap") of the cell solution into the intercellular spaces of the mesocarp, a condition likewise developing when citrus fruits are incubated in closed systems. Perhaps the yellow liquid thus formed mav be correctly described as both a condensate and an exudate: the first because the containers were visibly covered with droplets of moisture, and the second because of the large number of nonvolatile constituents found in the qualitative analysis (Turrell, 1950) and the translucent appearance of the fruit peel. The term "exudate" is preferred, however, and is used throughout this report. The condensate is considered as an unavoidable contaminant. Exudation, apart from dew formation, has not been observed generally in citrus under field conditions in California. Deposits have been observed on foliage leaves of citrus in Texas, however, by Ivanoff (1941). This finding suggests that exudation or guttation in citrus may occur under natural growing conditions. The organic and inorganic constituents in exudates of nondusted and sulfur-dusted lemons are of interest because they may be indicative of the effects of elemental sulfur dust as compared with those of heat. Since no qualitative differences have been found in the exudates of such fruit, but a difference in specific gravity has been observed (Turrell, 1950), a quantitative study of the inorganic and organic composition of exudates from intact Eureka lemons was undertaken. The present report concerns the inorganic constituents. REVIEW OF LITERATURE. Numerous chemical analyses of exudation or guttation fluids of intact plants have been made. De Saussure (1804) appears to have been one of the first to analyze the deposit left by the exudates evaporated from leaf surfaces. At the time of his study the injury caused by or associated with the incrustation left by evap-
High Temperature Tolerance in Aegilops Species and Its Potential Transfer to Wheat

High temperature (HT) stress is highly detrimental to crop productivity but there is limited variability for this trait among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The objectives of this research were to screen wild wheats (Aegilops species) for tolerance to HT stress at the reproductive stage and to measure physiological and yield traits associated with the tolerance. Fiftytwo accessions belonging to fi ve Aegilops species were evaluated at optimum temperature (OT) (25/19°C day/night) and HT (36/30°C) with a photoperiod of 18 h. Stress was imposed at anthesis and continued for 16 d. Across species, HT decreased chlorophyll, grain number per spike, individual grain weight, and grain yield per plant by 38, 40, 56, and 70%, respectively. Based on a decrease in grain yield, A. speltoides Tausch and A. geniculata Roth were most tolerant and A. longissima Schweinf. & Muschl. was highly susceptible to HT stress. Tolerance was associated with higher grain number per spike and/or heavier grains. Within A. speltoides, accession TA 2348 was highly tolerant to HT with 13.5% decline in grain yield and a heat susceptibility index (HSI) of 0.23 whereas TA 1787 and TA 2097 were highly susceptible with >82% yield decline and HSIs > 1.4. Among A. geniculata, two moderately HT tolerant accessions, TA 2899 and TA 1819, were identifi ed, with an HSI of 0.80. Our results suggest that there is genetic variability among Aegilops species that can be utilized in breeding wheat for HT tolerance at reproductive stage. G.P. Pradhan, P.V.V. Prasad, A.K. Fritz and M.B. Kirkham, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506; B.S. Gill, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506. Mention of trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by Kansas State University and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. Contribution no. 11-236-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Received 1 Apr 2011. *Corresponding author (vara@ksu.edu). Abbreviations: CTD, canopy temperature depression; GS, growth stage; HSI, heat susceptibility index; HT, high temperature; OT, optimum temperature; PAR, photosynthetically active radiation; SPAD, soil plant analysis development. Published in Crop Sci. 52:292–304 (2012). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2011.04.0186 Published online 31 Oct. 2011. © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Published January, 2012
A possible explanation for the discrepancy in electron persistent current amplitudes: A superfluid persistent current analog

Recently there has been considerable interest in normal electron “persistent currents” which result from the wave nature of electrons in a normal metal ring for which inelastic electron-phonon scattering has been reduced so that the electron maintains phase coherence around the ring. The application of the current theory of electron transport, which includes the effects of elastic scattering in a disordered potential field, produces an expression which disagrees with the experimental measurements by Webb, et al. In this paper we present an acoustic analog of wave mechanical electrons in a disordered circular waveguide and derive an expression which agrees with the results of the electron persistent current measurements. The acoustic analog shows that the expression derived from electron transport is also correct, but only under conditions which do not correspond to the actual method used in measuring the electron persistent currents. A proposed experiment to test the model using superfluid helium in a disordered scattering field will be presented.
Improved high-level constitutive foreign gene expression in plants using an AMV RNA4 untranslated leader sequence

Abstract A synthetic transcribed, untranslated leader sequence from alfalfa mosaic virus RNA4 (AMV leader) has been assessed for its in vivo properties as a cis -active ‘translational activator’ in transient expression assays in protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum and Picea glauca , as well as in stable expression in transformed Nicotiana tabacum . Levels of GUS enzyme activity produced by chimeric genes with or without the AMV leader sequence, in combination with either a CaMV 35S promoter or a duplicated-enhancer CaMV 35S promoter construct were assessed. In transient assay systems, the presence of a synthetic 40-base leader sequence lead to a 20-fold elevation in GUS activity when the constructs contained a native cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, whereas a 4-fold elevated expression lebel was observed in constructs containing a duplicated-enhancer 35S promoter. Furthermore, elevated expression in chimeric constructs was influenced by the sequence context for translation initiation of the marker gene. In transgenic tobacco plants the mean values for steady-state expression of GUS-containing 35S/AMV constructs were elevated about 8-fold relative to plasmids containing the native 35S promoter alone. A quantitative PCR approach was used to assess relative transcript levels in plants expressing GUS from AMV-containing chimeric constructs. The results showed that elevated expression attributable to the AMV leader sequence was independent of abundance of the corresponding AMV- gus transcript, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism of action in vivo. Further, we describe the construction of general-purpose constitutive high expression plant promoter cassettes which incorporate the AMV translational enhancer sequence, as well a duplicated-enhancer 35S promoter in an optimized translational context.
Racial issues in the training of group workers

Abstract The author argues that the issue of race in group treatment has been given insufficient attention by those responsible for training practitioners. The article focuses primarily upon Whites who will be leading groups that have some or all Black members; however, it also addresses issues pertinent to the Black group leader. Specifically, the author suggests that group practitioners should have knowledge of racial dynamics in groups, e.g., leader-member statuses and group composition. Trainers of group practitioners are strongly encouraged to offer their students opportunities to role play, rehearse, and practice their group skills with both Blacks and Whites.
Effect of lysolecithin treatment on the structure and functions of the mitochondrial inner membrane.

Abstract Lysolecithin treatment of electron transport particles (ETP) generated membrane fragments capable of catalyzing ATP-32Pi exchange, which was resistant to the uncoupling action of Valinomycin plus Nigericin or Valinomycin plus Monensin A in the presence of K+. Electron micrographs of ultrathin, positively stained sections of lysolecithin treated ETP were virtually devoid of circular patterns characteristic of closed vesicles. The results suggest that the closed vesicular structure of the mitochondrial inner membrane demanded by the chemiosmotic hypothesis of energy transduction (1) may not be essential for the ATP-32Pi exchange reaction.