cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A High Current High Power Density Motor Drive for a 48-Volt Belt-Driven Starter Generator (BSG) System

A 48 V Belt-Driven Starter Generator (BSG) System is featured with high output current, high starting torque, and highly efficient thermal management. This paper firstly elaborates hardware design considerations of a high power density three-phase BSG inverter to address the challenges of even current distribution among paralleled MOSFETs, small drain-source voltage spike and good thermal dissipation. In order to satisfy the high-current requirement, a careful selection of MOSFET device with high-current rating and low on-resistance has been presented. In order to suppress circulating current among paralleled devices, individual gate resistors have been placed in the gate loop of each MOSFET. In order to provide good thermal dissipation, an Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) board and single-layer layout technique have been implemented. Multiple low-profile electrolytic capacitors are used to increase the power density of the prototype. Moreover, the use of automotive gate driver IC TLE9180 and microcontroller TC1782 makes the prototype more readily accepted by industry. An improved Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor control strategy and a pump-back system based on a virtual machine concept have been implemented to facilitate the validation of the prototype under rated condition without using a real motor. The control algorithm automatically adjusts the onset of field-weakening by using an additional inverter voltage loop and takes into account the nonlinearity of the stator flux linkage by using curve fitting technique, which makes the motor drive adaptive to machine parameter changes as well as DC bus voltage fluctuation. A three-phase BSG inverter prototype with a peak power of 12 kW has been built and tested. The prototype power density has reached 20.3 kW/L. Both PLECS simulations and hardware experiments show a continuous and stable operation with up to 200 A phase current and up to 600 Hz output frequency.
Coal's legacy in Appalachia

Abstract Appalachian coal mining provided the lifeblood of energy for a century of expanding industrial development in America. Now, coal production in Appalachia has declined to levels not seen since the late 1800s. Coal's legacy is stamped on Appalachia's mined landscapes and remains imprinted on Appalachia's coal-mining communities, and these impacts will influence land, water, and people into the 21st century, environmentally as well as economically and socially. We call on local, state and national leaders to recognize the challenges ahead for Appalachia's coal-producing communities and people; to promote economic development, education, and health in these areas; and to encourage greater chances for expansion of economic opportunities and quality of life for residents.
Using Instagram In The Classroom

Location: Dewberry Hall What I would like to do is print out Instagram photos that students have taken on my class Instagram account. I use the photos on my study abroad programs to Nuremberg, The Hague, and Brussels. I teach international criminal justice, so we visit courtrooms and tribunals, etc. The students have to rotate updating the Instagram account and they have to provide a substantive caption. If there is enough wall space available, I would like to print out maybe 20 photos and captions to hang up as a kind of "photo exhibit." I would also have a sign or poster with my grading rubric and tips for using Instagram.
The regulatory role of macrophages in antigenic stimulation. Part Two: symbiotic relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages.

Publisher Summary Changes in antigen molecules that resulted in enhanced or decreased uptake by the phagocytes resulted in higher or lower immune responses, respectively. After the development of methodologies for obtaining live exudate cells rich in phagocytes and for pulsing these with antigen, the immune response to macrophage-associated antigens was possible to assay, using combinations of in vivo and in vitro methods. The presentation of antigen bound to live macrophages to the lymphocytes was a highly efficient mode of generating an immune response. In the marine system, the requirement for phagocytes or other acc|essory cells was such that as little as 1% contamination with phagocytes still enabled a T-cell proliferative response to develop. Thus, depletion procedures had to be extremely efficient. Macrophages are definitely involved in some response to many of the conventional polyclonal stimuli. Involvement of the macrophage may be by way of secreted active molecule. Fc fragments of Ig act as a polyclonal stimulant only after a processing of the fragment by the macrophages. The developments in macrophage biology over the past few years were not predicted till 1972.
Structural characterization of AtmS13, a putative sugar aminotransferase involved in indolocarbazole AT2433 aminopentose biosynthesis.

AT2433 from Actinomadura melliaura is an indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic structurally distinguished by its unique aminodideoxypentose-containing disaccharide moiety. The corresponding sugar nucleotide-based biosynthetic pathway for this unusual sugar derives from comparative genomics where AtmS13 has been suggested as the contributing sugar aminotransferase (SAT). Determination of the AtmS13 X-ray structure at 1.50-A resolution reveals it as a member of the aspartate aminotransferase fold type I (AAT-I). Structural comparisons of AtmS13 with homologous SATs that act upon similar substrates implicate potential active site residues that contribute to distinctions in sugar C5 (hexose vs. pentose) and/or sugar C2 (deoxy vs. hydroxyl) substrate specificity.
A new heuristic for finding the shortest path with a disjoint counterpart

We describe a new heuristic for finding a shortest active path with a disjoint backup path (the Min-Min problem), which works better than other heuristics and is also a viable approach for shared path protection.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Decolonization Procedures for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among HIV-Infected Adults.

Background HIV-infected persons have increased risk of MRSA colonization and skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI). However, no large clinical trial has examined the utility of decolonization procedures in reducing MRSA colonization or infection among community-dwelling HIV-infected persons.
The Anthropological Lens: Harsh Light, Soft Focus

Anthropology is a complex, wide-ranging, and ever-changing field. This clear, coherent, and well-crafted book is a revised version of a very successful text first published in 1986, designed to supplement standard textbooks and monographs. It covers the central concepts, distinctive methodologies, and philosophical as well as practical issues of cultural anthropology, and it is accessible to the anthropological novice, and of value to the professional. The updated version covers current issues in cultural anthropology, and includes topics such as globalization, gender, post-modernism and public issues, and reflects changes in perspective and language.
Large-cell carcinoma metastatic to the jaw

Abstract A case of two metastatic lesions of the oral mucosa simulating odontogenic infections is presented. One lesion mimicked chronic pericoronitis, and the other lesion mimicked a dental abscess. The case stresses the need for routine biopsy and pathology examination of conditions found in the oral cavity.
Age at marriage in Malaysia: a hazard model of marriage timing.

Abstract This paper estimates a proportional hazards model for the timing of age at marriage of women in Malaysia. We hypothesize that age at marriage responds significantly to differences in male and female occupations, race, and age. We find considerable empirical support for the relevance of economic variables in determining age at marriage as well as evidence of strong differences in marriage patterns across races.
Automated Determination of Free Amino Groups in Serum and Plasma Using 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonate

A simple automated method is described for determining the level of total free amino acids in the blood. The method utilizes the AutoAnalyzer, and is based on the formation of colored complexes by uniting free amino groups with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS). Proteins do not interfere because the free amino acids are first separated by dialysis. Characteristics of the reaction and potential clinical applications of the procedure are discussed.
Design and fabrication of trihedral corner-cube arrays using analog exposure based on phase masks

Trihedral corner cube arrays are efficient retro-reflectors. They are integral parts in numerous imaging and sensing applications. However, the fabrication of these trihedral arrays can prove to be both difficult and cost prohibitive. Using a phase-only mask, we have fabricated an array of analog reflectors which can then be tiled using a photolithographic stepper. The elements are designed using a fixed period and varying fill factor to create the analog slope of each side wall. The overall depth of the array can be controlled by both the exposure and etching processes to ultimately create the desired effect. After etching, a single coating of metal finishes the process, and the elements can then be diced out and integrated into each specific application. The etched arrays may alternatively be used as a mold to create high volumes of the desired element. The design and fabrication parameters for trihedral corner cube arrays will be discussed in detail. The advantages and limitations will then be discussed.
Bisexuals “Doing Gender” in Romantic Relationships

Employing the concept of gender as a situated performance, this research explores negotiations of gender performances by bisexuals in interpersonal relationships and how such performances may alter due to the sex/gender of their partner. Theoretical works on gender performance have primarily focused on drag performers, transgenders, and heterosexual women and men. Also, the limited existing research on bisexuality and gender has largely concentrated on the gender of bisexuals' relationship partners. Focusing on the gender performances of bisexuals themselves, this research contributes to the academic literature on bisexuality as well as the sociological study of gender. I examine how bisexuals utilize conventional scripts of femininity and masculinity in their relationships with women and men. Due to the dichotomization of homosexuality/heterosexuality, female/male, and feminine/masculine categories, bisexuals also negotiate an alteration of traditional performances of gender and sexuality in romantic rel...
The Use of Cues Depends on Goals: Store Reputation Affects Product Judgments When Social Identity Goals Are Salient

The role that a given cue plays in consumer judgments depends on the motive that is salient for the consumer. We focus on store reputation as a cue whose utilization can depend on salient goals. Research has suggested that store reputation does not influence product judgments when brand and price information are available. In 3 experiments, however, we show that when social identity goals are salient or are perceived as relevant to the product, store reputation (because it conveys image-relevant information) is used in evaluations of product quality. Specifically, store reputation has an impact on product judgments when either (a) consumers’ social-image goals are directly heightened or (b) an interdependent self-construal, characterized by a greater concern with social identity, is salient. The role of product type in moderating these effects is also examined.
Trends in Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes for the Southeastern United States: 1948-2012

AbstractSpatial and temporal trends in temperature and precipitation extremes were investigated for the period 1948–2012 across the southeastern United States using 27 previously defined indices. Results show that regionwide warming in extreme minimum temperatures and cooling in extreme maximum temperatures occurred. The disproportionate changes in extreme daytime and nighttime temperatures are narrowing diurnal temperature ranges for most locations. The intensity and magnitude of extreme precipitation events increased overall, except for more easterly locations, particularly in South Carolina. These indices further show that warming in minimum temperatures has been pronounced most in summer and least in winter. Fall has become significantly wetter, while spring and summer have become drier, on average. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize a “geography of extremes” based on temperature and precipitation extreme indices. The PCA based on temperature indices revealed two coherent west...
Communication-assisted topology control for autonomous unmanned systems

Wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are very well suited to substitute current 802.11 wireless local area networks in practical implementations of autonomous unmanned systems (AUS). MANETs are infrastructureless, self-configurable and self-forming networks with multi-hop capabilities, all very important features for AUS operations. However, uncontrolled node mobility may still cause partitions in the network topology, isolating robots from the network or even losing them, hindering the mission's success. In this paper, we propose a cross layer design-based control layer algorithm that finds and maintains stable links among the mobile nodes and the main controller. Using information from the physical layer, such as the energy of the nodes and the quality of the received signal, simulations show that the algorithm guarantees permanent node connectivity with minimum overhead.
When does unreliable grid supply become unacceptable policy? Costs of power supply and outages in rural India

Abstract Despite frequent blackouts and brownouts, extension of the central grid remains the Indian government׳s preferred strategy for the country׳s rural electrification policy. This study reports an assessment that compares grid extension with distributed generation (DG) alternatives, based on the subsidies they will necessitate, and costs of service interruptions that are appropriate in the rural Indian context. Using cross-sectional household expenditure data and region fixed-effects models, average household demand is estimated. The price elasticity of demand is found to be in the range of −0.3 to −0.4. Interruption costs are estimated based on the loss of consumer surplus due to reduced consumption of electric lighting energy that results from intermittent power supply. Different grid reliability scenarios are simulated. Despite the inclusion of interruption costs, standalone DG does not appear to be competitive with grid extension at distances of less than 17 km. However, backing up unreliable grid service with local DG plants is attractive when reliability is very poor, even in previously electrified villages. Introduction of energy efficient lighting changes these economics, and the threshold for acceptable grid unreliability significantly reduces. A variety of polices to promote accelerated deployment and the wider adoption of improved end-use efficiency, warrant serious consideration.
Modeling nitrate removal in a denitrification bed.

Abstract Denitrification beds are promoted to reduce nitrate load in agricultural subsurface drainage water to alleviate the adverse environmental effects associated with nitrate pollution of surface water. In this system, drainage water flows through a trench filled with a carbon media where nitrate is transformed into nitrogen gas under anaerobic conditions. The main objectives of this study were to model a denitrification bed treating drainage water and evaluate its adverse greenhouse gas emissions. Field experiments were conducted at an existing denitrification bed. Evaluations showed very low greenhouse gas emissions (mean N2O emission of 0.12 μg N m−2 min−1) from the denitrification bed surface. Field experiments indicated that nitrate removal rate was described by Michaelis–Menten kinetics with the Michaelis–Menten constant of 7.2 mg N L−1. We developed a novel denitrification bed model based on the governing equations for water flow and nitrate removal kinetics. The model evaluation statistics showed satisfactory prediction of bed outflow nitrate concentration during subsurface drainage flow. The model can be used to design denitrification beds with efficient nitrate removal which in turn leads to enhanced drainage water quality.
Wannier Functions from Landau Functions

It is well known that the set of functions in a Bloch band is equivalent to copies of a single function placed on a lattice. The possibility of establishing a similar relation in the presence of a magnetic field is investigated. Landau ground state wave functions for the symmetric gauge placed on a square net serve as trial objects. The result is equivocal. It is proved that the standard procedures of the Bloch—Wannier transformation are feasible for some fields, but impossible for other fields. Both sets of fields are infinite and all members of the second set are smaller than those on the first. The resulting situation is discussed. Es ist bekannt, das eine Wannier-Funktion auf alle Gitterpunkte eines Raumgitters gesetzt, der Gesamtheit aller Funktionen eines Blochbandes aquivalent ist. Es wird untersucht, ob eine ahnliche Beziehung in Gegenwart eines Magnetfelds besteht. Die Wellenfunktionen des Landau-Grundzustandes (in symmetrischer Eichung) dienen als Versuchsobjekt. Das Resultat ist nicht klar. Es wird bewiesen, das das ubliche Verfahren der Bloch—Wannier-Transformation fur gewisse Feldstarken durchfuhrbar ist, fur andere aber nicht. Es gibt eine unendliche Zahl von Feldern fur beide Verhalten. Alle Felder des zweiten Typs sind kleiner als die des ersten. Das erhaltene Resultat wird diskutiert.
Acousto-optic channel equalization for microwave digital radios.

Digital radio transmission systems use complex modulation schemes that require powerful signal-processing techniques to correct channel distortions and to minimize bit error rates. Acousto-optic processors are used, in conjunction with adaptive digital equalizers, to reduce the bit error rate of the digital radio receiver. The acousto-optic processor implements an inverse channel filter that is rapidly adaptable to time-varying distortions. A specific architecture is identified and a laboratory system is tested to verify the ability of the processor to track and correct time-varying channels. Computer simulations are used to show that the hybrid acousto-optic and digital equalizer permits a fourfold increase in the modulation capacity of radio, relative to all digital equalization, while improving the bit error rate performance.
Spontaneous and evoked contractions are regulated by PKC-mediated signaling in detrusor smooth muscle: involvement of BK channels

Protein kinase C (PKC) and large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels (BK) are downregulated in the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) in partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). DSM from these bladders display increased spontaneous activity. This study examines the involvement of PKC in the regulation of spontaneous and evoked DSM contractions and whether pharmacologic inhibition of PKC in normal DSM contributes to increased detrusor excitability. Results indicate the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide 1 (Bim-1) prevented a decline in the amplitude of spontaneous DSM contractions over time in vitro, and these contractions persist in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Bim-1 also reduced the basal DSM tone, and the ability to maintain force in response to electrical field stimulation, but did not affect maximum contraction. The PKC activator phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) significantly reduced the amplitude and increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions at low concentrations (10 nM), while causing an increase in force at higher concentrations (1 μM). Preincubation of DSM strips with iberiotoxin prevented the inhibition of spontaneous contractions by PDBu. The BK channel openers isopimaric acid and NS1619 reduced the Bim-1-induced enhancement of spontaneous contractions in DSM strips. Our data suggest that PKC has a biphasic activation profile in the DSM and that it may play an important role in maintaining the quiescent state of the normal bladder during storage through the effects on BK channel, while helping to maintain force required for bladder emptying. The data also suggest that PKC dysfunction, as seen in PBOO, contributes to detrusor overactivity.
DELAYED APPEARANCE OF LABELED PROTEIN IN ISOLATED NERVE ENDINGS AND AXOPLASMIC FLOW.

Subcellular fractions of mouse brain were prepared by differential and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation at intervals up to 130 hours after intracerebral injection of C 14 - labeled leucine. The specific activity of the nerve ending fraction continued to rise during this period. Between 2 and 130 hours after injection there was a fivefold rise in the specific activity of the soluble protein prepared by lysing the nerve ending particles with water while the specific activity of the soluble protein from the whole homogenate concomitantly fell almost by a factor of three. The data are interpreted as being consistent with the appearance of protein in nerve endings by axoplasmic flow.
Noncontact Dipole Effects on Channel Permeation. II. Trp Conformations and Dipole Potentials in Gramicidin A

The four Trp dipoles in the gramicidin A (gA) channel modulate channel conductance, and their side chain conformations should therefore be important, but the energies of different conformations are unknown. A conformational search for the right-handed helix based on molecular mechanics in vacuo yielded 46 conformations within 20 kcal/mol of the lowest energy conformation. The two lowest energy conformations correspond to the solid-state and solution-state NMR conformations, suggesting that interactions within the peptide determine the conformation. For representative conformations, the electrostatic potential of the Trp side chains on the channel axis was computed. A novel application of the image-series method of. Biophys. J. 9:1160-1170) was introduced to simulate the polarization of bulk water by the Trp side chains. For the experimentally observed structures, the CHARm toph19 potential energy (PE) of a cation in the channel center is -1.65 kcal/mol without images. With images, the PE is -1.9 kcal/mol, demonstrating that the images further enhance the direct dipole effect. Nonstandard conformations yielded less favorable PEs by 0.4-1.1 kcal/mol.
Teacher Preparation For Quality Teaching

In this article, the author presents a holistic practice-based approach, consisting of two parts, to preparing candidates for quality teaching. The first part describes the essential knowledge, ski...
Theoretical Compton profile anisotropies in molecules and solids. VI. Compton profile anisotropies and chemical binding

An interesting empirical relationship between zero point Compton profile anisotropies ΔJ (0) and nuclear charges is noted. It is shown that, for alkali halide molecules AB, to a good approximation ΔJ (0) =N ln(Zb/Za).
Angiotensin II Receptor Binding in the Locus ceruleus of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar-Kyoto Rats: A Quantitative Autoradiographic Study with References to Hypertension and Cardiac/Testicular Hypertrophy

The locus ceruleus (LC) contains a high density of angiotensin II (All) receptors. The role of All receptors at the LC in genetic hypertension and organ function is unclear. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were studied, and blood pressure of animals was measured using the tail-cuff method. Animals were decapitated and the heart weight (HW) and testicular weight (TW) of animals measured. All receptor binding was carried out by incubating the LC tissue sections with 200 pM [125I]-All receptor ligand, and measured using quantitative autoradiography. Results showed that the HW/BW ratio was significantly higher in SHR rats than WKY rats. However, the TW/BW ratio was higher in SHR rats than WKY rats only at two hypertensive stages, whereas All receptor binding capacity in the LC was also statistically higher in SHR rats than WKY rats. Results indicated that cardiac and testicular hypertrophies were related to higher All receptor binding in the LC of SHR rats, when compared with WKY rats. Interestingly, the literature shows that there is an LC-testes axis. In conclusion, this study indicated that All receptors in the LC are associated with genetic hypertension, and testicular weight could be a reasonable index for essential hypertension.
On repeated games with general information function

For a class of repeated two-person zero-sum games with incomplete information it was proved byAumann andMaschler that limν n exists,ν n being the value of the game withn repetitions. If the players know at each stage the moves done by both players at all previous stages,Aumann andMaschler could prove that the error termδ n=¦ν n — limν n ¦ satisfiesδ n≤c/√n for somec>0. It was then shown byZamir that this bound is the lowest possible. In this paper it is shown that if previous moves are not always announced,δ n may be of higher order of magnitude e.g.δ n≥c/n 1/3 for somec>0. New upper bounds forδ n are given for two classes of games.
Strong-coupling solutions in an isotopic eikonal problem

An eikonal representation for small-angle $\mathrm{NN}$ scattering is constructed in the strong-coupling limit of the simplest SU(2) massive-vector-meson exchange model. One finds that multiple charged exchanges corresponding to net isospin transfers different from zero tend to be washed out in this limit. The isotopic triplet and singlet amplitudes have the form ${T}_{\mathrm{eik}}^{(I)}(s,t) = (\frac{\mathrm{is}}{2{m}^{2}})\ensuremath{\int}{d}^{2}b{e}^{i\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{q}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{b}}[1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{exp}(i{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}^{(s)} + i〈{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{2}〉 = {\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}^{(V)})]\mathrm{exp}[{Q}^{(I)}(b,\ensuremath{\mu},q,s)]$, where ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}^{(s)}(b)$ is the typical eikonal function of isoscalar exchange, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}^{(V)}(b)$ is the same function with coupling and mass parameters of the isovector exchange, and $〈{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{2}〉 = 2I(I+1)\ensuremath{-}3$. Very crude estimates, especially for the singlet case, suggest that ${Q}^{(1)}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{ln}(1+{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2})$, and ${Q}^{(0)}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{-}(\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{ln}[1+{(4\ensuremath{\varphi})}^{2}]$, with $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\simeq}(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\pi}})\mathrm{ln}(\ensuremath{\mu}b)$, $1g\frac{q}{\sqrt{s}}g\ensuremath{\mu}b$, and $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\simeq}\frac{q}{\ensuremath{\mu}b{(2\ensuremath{\pi}s)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$, $1g\ensuremath{\mu}bg\frac{q}{\sqrt{s}}$. A qualitative discussion is given of the expected small effect of multiple isovector-meson exchange on form-factor damping at large momentum transfers.
Acute Effects of Alcohol on P300 in Asians with Different ALDH2 Genotypes

Asian men were genotyped for alleles of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and tested on two separate occasions following oral administration of placebo and 0.75 ml/kg alcohol. Sixty minutes after beverage ingestion, event-related potentials were elicited using an auditory oddball paradigm. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that alcohol produced significant increases in P300 latency and significant decreases in P300 amplitude compared with placebo. Subjects with ALDH2*1/2*2 genotype (n = 14) demonstrated some significantly greater P300 effects after alcohol than subjects with ALDH2*1/2*1 genotype (n = 15), despite equivalent blood alcohol concentrations. These data suggest that neurocognitive functioning may be more impaired following alcohol in subjects with an ALDH2*2 allele. These findings further suggest that a genetically controlled factor (deficiency in ALDH enzyme activity) might contribute to a decreased likelihood of alcohol intake and protection from alcoholism, because of an enhanced sensitivity to alcohol.
Human Herpesvirus 6 Rhombencephalitis in Immunocompetent Children

This article describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and neurologic outcome of 3 immunocompetent pediatric patients diagnosed with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) rhombencephalitis. Presentation of HHV6 rhombencephalitis included new onset seizures, ataxia, encephalopathy, and opsoclonus-myoclonus. Neurologic examination revealed cranial neuropathies, cerebellar dysfunction, and extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities located in the cerebellum, basal ganglia/thalamus, and cerebral hemispheres were detected in 2 patients. Diagnosis of HHV6 encephalitis was made by real-time and nested polymerase chain reaction of serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The HHV6 variant A was detected in 2 patients by sequence analysis, and HHV6 protein was detected by immunomicroscopy in a patient who underwent biopsy secondary to progressive clinical and neuroradiographic findings. Therapy with intravenous ganciclovir did not correlate with resolution of neurologic symptoms, despite eventual non-detectable HHV6. Human herpesvirus 6 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cases of rhombencephalitis in immunocompetent children. Features may be rapidly progressive and include profound encephalopathy, seizures, ataxia, and opsoclonus-myoclonus.
The Activation of Hydrogén by Excited Mercury Atoms.

That mercury atoms excited by absorption of the line 2537A are able to activate various kinds of atoms by collisions of the second kind has been shown in several different ways. Using pressure measurements to follow the reaction, Cario and Franck (1) showed that hydrogen, in the presence of excited mercury vapor, can be activated and made to reduce copper oxide or tungsten oxide, while Dickinson (2) repeated the experiment using gaseous oxygen instead of solid oxide. Employing spectroscopic methods of detection, Cario (3) activated thallium vapor by collisions with excited mercury atoms and observed the radiation of the green thallium line 5351 A and indeed all the thallium lines which would theoretically be expected.
Palindromic Structure in the “Pardoner's Tale”

ABSTRACT This paper explains the medieval writing process known as palindromic structure, a face of anagogy that, as far as we can determine, has largely been ignored in literary criticism. It begins by examining the “little verses” of Augustine of Dacia that were a staple of schoolboy studies, and demonstrates how the verses were used to teach the creative process to students of Latin composition. Then, after introducing Mary Douglas's criteria for identifying the structure, it sets forth Chaucer's “Pardoner's Tale” as a well-balanced palindrome, arguing for authorial intentionality by referencing a section of the “Parson's Tale.” It offers John Dryden's observations about Chaucer's characters—which he has written in palindromic structure—to show that later British authors were aware of Chaucer's method, and concludes by giving evidence that Chaucer knew some Greek.
Effect of an NMDA receptor antagonist and a ganglioside GM1 derivative upon ethanol-induced modification of parameters of oxidative stress in several brain regions

Dietary administration of ethanol to rats for 2 weeks was able to depress levels of glutathione (GSH) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in several brain regions. This was indicative of the generation of excess levels of reactive oxygen in treated animals. The potentially protective effect of both an NMDA receptor blocker (MK-801) and an internally esterified derivative of ganglioside GM1 (AGF2) upon ethanol-induced changes in these indices of oxidative stress, was studied. Both of these agents are reported to have neuroprotective properties, but neither was able to prevent ethanol-induced reduction of GSH and SOD levels in any brain area studied. In fact, both agents depressed SOD and GSH levels in midbrain independently of ethanol. MK-801 had a pronounced pro-oxidant potential, and when administered in combination with ethanol, GSH and SOD were reduced in midbrain and striatum to levels below those obtained with either agent alone. The pro-oxidant properties of ethanol may thus act independently of its actions upon the NMDA receptor. The protective properties of NMDA receptor inhibitors or gangliosides cannot be attributed to any antioxidant effect.
beta-Mannanase ameliorates viscosity-associated depression of growth in broiler chickens fed guar germ and hull fractions

High concentrations of guar meal in broiler chicken diets reduce body weight and feed efficiency. The increased intestinal viscosity that is responsible for reduced measures of performance results from residual guar gum present in guar meal. Two experiments were designed to study the effects of 2 guar meal fractions at 3 different concentrations, germ (0, 5.0, and 7.5%) and hull (0, 2.5, and 5.0%), and the effectiveness of a beta-mannanase at three levels (0, 1x, and 4x; 1x = 1.09 x 10(5) units/ kg) on broiler growth and feed conversion. Growth and performance were measured as a function of intestinal viscosity. Addition of the germ fraction to rations did not reduce body weight, although feed conversion ratio was increased at 7.5% of the diet. Intestinal viscosity also increased significantly at this level. Enzyme addition significantly reduced intestinal viscosity. Due to an interaction that was present between hull and enzyme concentration, each treatment was compared separately. Inclusion of the hull fraction significantly reduced body weight at both levels of inclusion and increased feed conversion ratio at 5% inclusion. Addition of the enzyme significantly increased body weight and reduced feed conversion ratio in diets containing guar hull fractions. Supplementation of beta-mannanase to feeds containing either fraction of guar meal reduced intestinal viscosity and alleviated the deleterious effects associated with guar meal feeding.
Importance of activated carbon's oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption☆ ☆

Abstract The effect of varying physical and chemical properties of activated carbons on adsorption of elemental mercury (Hg0) was studied by treating two activated carbons to modify their surface functional groups and pore structures. Heat treatment (1200 K) in nitrogen (N2), air oxidation (693 K), and nitric acid (6N HNO3) treatment of two activated carbons (BPL, WPL) were conducted to vary their surface oxygen functional groups. Adsorption experiments of Hg0 by the activated carbons were conducted using a fixed-bed reactor at a temperature of 398 K and under N2 atmosphere. The pore structures of the samples were characterized by N2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and base–acid titration experiments were conducted to determine the chemical characteristics of the carbon samples. Characterization of the physical and chemical properties of activated carbons in relation to their Hg0 adsorption capacity provides important mechanistic information on Hg0 adsorption. Results suggest that oxygen surface complexes, possibly lactone and carbonyl groups, are the active sites for Hg0 capture. The carbons that have a lower carbon monoxide (CO)/CO2 ratio and a low phenol group concentration tend to have a higher Hg0 adsorption capacity, suggesting that phenol groups may inhibit Hg0 adsorption. The high Hg0 adsorption capacity of a carbon sample is also found to be associated with a low ratio of the phenol/carbonyl groups. A possible Hg0 adsorption mechanism, which is likely to involve an electron transfer process during Hg0 adsorption in which the carbon surfaces may act as an electrode for Hg0 oxidation, is also discussed.
Human CD4+ T Cell Response to Human Herpesvirus 6

Following primary infection, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) establishes a persistent infection for life. HHV-6 reactivation has been associated with transplant rejection, delayed engraftment, encephalitis, muscular dystrophy, and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. The poor understanding of the targets and outcome of the cellular immune response to HHV-6 makes it difficult to outline the role of HHV-6 in human disease. To fill in this gap, we characterized CD4 T cell responses to HHV-6 using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and T cell lines generated from healthy donors. CD4(+) T cells responding to HHV-6 in peripheral blood were observed at frequencies below 0.1% of total T cells but could be expanded easily in vitro. Analysis of cytokines in supernatants of PBMC and T cell cultures challenged with HHV-6 preparations indicated that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were appropriate markers of the HHV-6 cellular response. Eleven CD4(+) T cell epitopes, all but one derived from abundant virion components, were identified. The response was highly cross-reactive between HHV-6A and HHV-6B variants. Seven of the CD4(+) T cell epitopes do not share significant homologies with other known human pathogens, including the closely related human viruses human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramers generated with these epitopes were able to detect HHV-6-specific T cell populations. These findings provide a window into the immune response to HHV-6 and provide a basis for tracking HHV-6 cellular immune responses.
Deprotonated diindolylmethanes as dianionic analogues of scorpionate bis(pyrazolyl)borate ligands: synthesis and structural characterization of representative titanocene and zirconocene complexes

Abstract Deprotonation of di(3-methylindol-2-yl)phenylmethane (L2H2) or 2 - methoxyphenyldi ( 3 - methylindol - 2 - yl ) methane ( L 2 ′ H 2 ) with two equivalents of nBuLi, followed by reactions with Cp2TiCl2 or Cp2ZrCl2 yielded complexes Cp 2 TiL 2 ( 1 ) , Cp 2 TiL 2 ′ ( 2 ) , Cp 2 ZrL 2 ( 3 ) and Cp 2 ZrL 2 ′ ( 4 ) . Compounds 1–4 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and compounds 1, 3, and 4 were further analyzed by X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1, 3, and 4 illustrate that chelating di(3-methylindol-2-yl)methanes have a structural relationship to coordinated bis(pyrazolyl)borates.
Segmenting the U.S. Hispanic Market Based on Level of Acculturation

Abstract In recent years marketers have realized the importance of targeting their products and advertising efforts toward minority and ethnic groups. Commercials, packaging and products are all being tailored for African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic-Americans. Modern advertising research has suggested that advertisers should be cognizant of differences within these ethnic groups. Of all the ethnic groups in the United States, Hispanic-Americans are one of the fastest growing segments and an important buying and voting bloc. One area in which more research is needed is the effect of ethnic target marketing on both acculturated and un-acculturated minorities, specifically the Hispanic market. Not only do marketers have to divide the Hispanic market by country of origin but by level of acculturation as well. As the Hispanic market keeps growing both in size and buying power, companies in a wide variety of industries will enjoy significant marketing opportunities. But since this young, burgeoning...
Fragment Rotational State Distributions From The Dissociation Of NeIBr: Experimental And Theoretical Results

The IBr fragment rotational state distributions that result when the NeIBr van der Waals molecule undergoes vibrational predissociation have been measured in a pump–probe laser‐induced fluorescence experiment. Independent of initial vibrational state and the number of quanta of vibrational energy lost from the I–Br coordinate, the rotational distributions extend over the full range of energetically accessible states. From the observation of energetic constraints on the rotational distribution, the dissociation energy (D0) is calculated to be 65.5±1.2 cm−1 for the A electronic state, v=16. For the X electronic state, v=0, D0=71.8±1.2 cm−1. Quantum mechanical bound state calculations carried out on a model A electronic state potential energy surface are in quantitative agreement with this result. The rotational distributions are broader than that predicted by either a Franck–Condon or classical impulsive model for the dissociation. The distributions are qualitatively in accord with classical trajectory calc...
Can altering carbohydrate, protein and unsaturated fat intake improve patients' blood pressure and lipid profile?

Can altering carbohydrate, protein and unsaturated fat intake improve patients' blood pressure and lipid profile?
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of healthcare providers for botanical and dietary supplement use for postmenopausal health.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of health care providers (physicians and nurses) regarding the use of botanical dietary supplements (BDS) for peri- and postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Health care providers (physicians and nurse practitioners/nurse midwives) completed a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding botanical dietary supplement use for peri- and postmenopausal women. A total of 62 providers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Two thirds of providers reported that they had limited or no knowledge about botanical dietary supplements. By far, the majority of providers had no formal training nor had they studied these supplements on their own. Although knowledge was limited, a majority of providers wanted additional training predominantly because of growing patient awareness and use and were open to using these therapies for their patients either in combination with conventional Western medicine or as the only support for relief of peri- and postmenopausal symptoms. However, only 25% of providers regularly asked their peri- and postmenopausal patients about use of botanical dietary supplements. Providers who had practiced longer (> or =11 y) were more likely to be knowledgeable about dietary supplements and to have studied on their own (P < 0.01), to believe that botanicals are part of evidence-based medicine (P < 0.05), and to have talked to their patients (P < 0.05) about use of these therapies. Increased knowledge also appeared to predict a more positive attitude on the part of providers toward their patients who use BDS (P < 0.001) as well as more proactive behavior related to referring and recommending these therapies as treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that knowledge about botanical therapies among health care providers caring for peri- and postmenopausal women is quite low, but they are open to learning more about these modalities and using them for treatment, if appropriate. Our results suggest that increased years in practice is related to increased knowledge, more positive attitudes, and more proactive behaviors related to botanical dietary supplements.
The utilization of petroleum sulfonates for producing low interfacial tensions between hydrocarbons and water

Abstract Complex anionic surfactant mixtures selectively generate low interfacial tensions for aqueous phases in combination with select pure hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon behavior is largely governed by the alkyl groups. There is some evidence of a direct relationship between hydrocarbon and surfactant molecular weight for attaining minimal tension. The classical CMC concept is not valid for the surfactants studied.
The highest smoothness of the Green function implies the highest density of a set

We investigate local properties of the Green function of the complement of a compact setEυ[0,1] with respect to the extended complex plane. We demonstrate, that if the Green function satisfies the 1/2-Holder condition locally at the origin, then the density ofE at 0, in terms of logarithmic capacity, is the same as that of the whole interval [0, 1]..
Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago

Abstract Results of three hybrid receptor models, potential source contribution function (PSCF), concentration weighted trajectory (CWT), and residence time weighted concentration (RTWC), were compared for locating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) sources contributing to the atmospheric concentrations in Chicago. Variations of these models, including PSCF using mean and 75% criterion concentrations, joint probability PSCF (JP-PSCF), changes of point filters and grid cell sizes for RTWC, and PSCF using wind trajectories started at different altitudes, are also discussed. Modeling results were relatively consistent between models. However, no single model provided as complete information as was obtained by using all of them. CWT and 75% PSCF appears to be able to distinguish between larger sources and moderate ones. RTWC resolved high potential source areas. RTWC and JP-PSCF pooling data from all sampling sites removed the trailing effect often seen in PSCF modeling. PSCF results using average concentration criteria, appears to identify both moderate and major sources. Each model has advantages and disadvantages. However, used in combination, they provide information that is not available if only one of them is used. For short-range atmospheric transport, PSCF results were consistent when using wind trajectories starting at different heights. Based on the archived PCB data, the modeling results indicate there is a large potential source area between Joliet and Kankakee, IL, and two moderate sources to the northwest and south of Chicago. On the south side of Chicago in the neighborhood of Lake Calumet, several PCB sources were identified. Other unidentified potential source location(s) will require additional upwind/downwind field sampling to verify modeling results.
A technique for rapid detection of leptine glycoalkaloids in potato foliage

A rapid screening procedure for detecting the presence of leptines in potato foliage was developed. The glycoalkaloids in expressed sap are separated by high performance thin-layer chromatography and detected with iodine vapor. About 80 foliage samples can be analyzed per day as compared to about 10 using other available methods, such as gas-liquid chromatography.
Isospin-dependence of the short-range part of the NN interaction: quark-gluon versus meson exchange

Abstract A remarkable agreement is found for the isospin-dependence of the short-rannge part of of NN interaction, predicted (a) by the simplest possible one-gluon-exchange mechanism in the quark-gluon picture and (b) by ω - and ϱ -meson exchange in the boson-exchange framework.