cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ELECTRON CORRELATION AND BOND PROPERTIES IN SOME SELECTED SULFUR COMPOUNDS

Abstract From a survey of the effects on molecular properties of multiple bonds and electronegative groups an empirical rule is formulated to describe the character of electron correlation in molecules. This rule states that the s character of a combined atom tends to concentrate in orbitals that the atom uses in bonds toward electropositive substituents. To account for this rule and for certain noted exceptions to it, there is introduced a model called the tangent-sphere model. This model, which has been found useful in a variety of chemical problems, is applied to the following topics: the stereochemistry of the elements with electron-pair coordination numbers ranging from one through six, intermolecular interactions during chemical reactions and in crystalline solids, intramolecular interactions, tilted methyl groups, the effect of lone pairs and multiple bonds and electronegative groups on bond angles and bond lengths, and the variable effect of unsaturation upon bond lengths. Also discussed in some detail are some qualitative applications of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, anticoincidence, the structures of sulfur tetrafluoride and hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide, and the nature of the sulfur-oxygen bond.
Η αξιολόγηση των κοινωνικών, επιχειρηματικών και πολιτιστικών δεξιοτήτων και το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό

Σe έναν κόσμο που αλλάζeι ταχύτατα η ανάπτυξη ικανοτήτων και δeξιοτήτων του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού αποτeλeί αναγκαιότητα για κοινωνική και eπαγγeλματική ένταξη. Η ανάπτυξη και αξιοποίηση κοινωνικών, διαπολιτισμικών δeξιοτήτων και καινοτόμων eπιχeιρηματικών πρωτοβουλιών αποτeλούν στοιχeία που συμβάλλουν στην προσαρμογή των eργαζομένων στο νέο παγκοσμιοποιημένο οικονομικό πeριβάλλον και διeυκολύνουν την κινητικότητά τους. Eϕαρμόζοντας μοντέλα αξιολόγησης, κράτη και διeθνeίς οργανισμοί ασχολούνται συστηματικά μe τη διeρeύνηση και αξιολόγηση των δeξιοτήτων του ανθρώπινου δυναμικού, την καταγραϕή των eλλeίψeων αλλά και των προκλήσeων για νέeς πολιτικές που λeιτουργούν ως μοχλός eνδυνάμωσης, αποτeλeσματικότητας και αποδοτικότητας των συστημάτων διά βίου μάθησης.
Lumbar Puncture with All and Thrombocytopenia

The potential association of neurologic, infectious, or hemorrhagic complications with lumbar puncture (LP) during remission induction or consolidation treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with thrombocytopenia was determined at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
USDA Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program Is More Effective in Town and Rural Schools Than Those in More Populated Communities.

BACKGROUND We attempted to determine effects of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) on variety and frequency of fruit and vegetable intake by students in schools from different locales. METHODS Data were derived from the 2011-2012 Indiana FFVP Student Survey completed by 4229 fourth-sixth graders. Effects were studied within 2 groups, 39 city and suburb schools, and 12 town and rural schools. Differences in students' responses over time to 2 items measuring variety and 10 items measuring fruit and vegetable intake frequency were determined with multilevel regression models. RESULTS Town and rural students were 1.2 times more likely to eat different kinds of fruit (p = .04) and vegetables (p = .01) daily, and increased fruit (+1.0 time/day; p .05). CONCLUSIONS FFVP improved fruit and vegetable eating behaviors in the “town and rural” group, but was only partially effective in the “city and suburb” group. Strategies to implement FFVP may need to differ depending on school locale.
Optimal inventories for overhaul of repairable redundant systems - A Markov decision model

A Markovian decision model was developed to calculate the optimal inventory of repairable spare parts for an avionics control system for commercial aircraft. Total expected shortage costs, repair costs, and holding costs are minimized for a machine containing a single system of redundant parts. Transition probabilities are calculated for each repair state and repair rate, and optimal spare parts inventory and repair strategies are determined through linear programming. The linear programming solutions are given in a table.
Prehospital Interventions During Mass-Casualty Events in Afghanistan: A Case Analysis.

Background Mass-casualty (MASCAL) events are known to occur in the combat setting. There are very limited data at this time from the Joint Theater (Iraq and Afghanistan) wars specific to MASCAL events. The purpose of this report was to provide preliminary data for the development of prehospital planning and guidelines. Methods Cases were identified using the Department of Defense (DoD; Virginia USA) Trauma Registry (DoDTR) and the Prehospital Trauma Registry (PHTR). These cases were identified as part of a research study evaluating Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines. Cases that were designated as or associated with denoted MASCAL events were included. Data Fifty subjects were identified during the course of this project. Explosives were the most common cause of injuries. There was a wide range of vital signs. Tourniquet placement and pressure dressings were the most common interventions, followed by analgesia administration. Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) was the most common parenteral analgesic drug administered. Most were evacuated as “routine.” Follow-up data were available for 36 of the subjects and 97% were discharged alive. Conclusions The most common prehospital interventions were tourniquet and pressure dressing hemorrhage control, along with pain medication administration. Larger data sets are needed to guide development of MASCAL in-theater clinical practice guidelines. Schauer SG , April MD , Simon E , Maddry JK , Carter R III , Delorenzo RA . Prehospital Interventions During Mass-Casualty Events in Afghanistan: A Case Analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):465–468.
Abstract 1345: Mutant IDH1 and tissue factor in gliomas

Background: IDH1 mutations (IDH1mut) occur in 20-30% of gliomas, induce DNA hypermethylation, and are associated with a better prognosis than IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) gliomas, yet the basis for this remains unclear. Furthermore, venous thromboemboli (VTE) are a serious complication in glioma patients, and the mechanism for this is also unclear. We recently discovered that IDH1mut gliomas are much less likely to develop VTE compared to IDH1wt gliomas. Our data suggests that suppression of Tissue Factor (TF), the primary initiator of coagulation, is a key reason for this. TF also directly enhances tumor malignancy via protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). In this study, we further explored the significance of TF on malignancy and thrombosis in IDH1wt and IDH1mut gliomas. Methods: Assays were performed using 6 patient derived glioma cells, 3 IDH1wt (GBM6, GBM12, GBM43) and 3 IDH1mut (TB09, BT142, GBM164). DNA methylation was analyzed by Illumina Human 850K. TF procoagulant activity (PCA) was determined by FXa generation, using preoperative glioma patient arterial plasma, conditioned medium, or cells. In vivo models of cancer induced thrombosis were created via surgical stenosis of the inferior vena cava of mice engrafted with IDH1wt or IDH1mut gliomas. In vitro markers of malignancy were measured by BrdU incorporation for cell proliferation, serum gradient Matrigel-coated transwell inserts for invasion, soft agar colony formation for clonogenicity. Nude mice (N≥6/group) were orthotopically transplanted with IDH1wt glioma cells and monitored for growth using bioluminescence imaging. Results: The TF gene, F3, was significantly hypermethylated in IDH1mut cells compared to IDH1wt cells, and IDH1mut glioma cells had lower levels of TF protein and TF PCA compared to IDH1wt cells. Exogenous treatment with the product of IDH1mut enzyme, D-2-hydroxyglutarate, directly suppressed TF PCA by 38% in IDH1wt cells (P=0.03), as did transgene IDH1mut expression. Mice with IDH1mut glioma xenografts produced fewer and smaller IVC thrombi than mice with IDH1wt xenografts (0.9±0.9 vs 10.3±3.6 mg, P=0.02). Patients whose gliomas contained IDH1mut had lower TF PCA compared to IDH1wt (0.5±0.2 vs 1.2±0.2 pg/mL, P=0.04), and there was a strong link between levels of TF PCA and subsequent development of VTE (P=0.03). TF knockdown greatly reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of IDH1wt cells. Likewise, the PAR2 antagonist, GB83, inhibited IDH1wt cell proliferation by 54% (P Conclusions: IDH1mut mediated suppression of TF expression and PCA may be a critical component of the less thrombogenic, and less malignant, IDH1mut phenotype. Targeting TF-PAR2 signaling may therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce IDH1wt glioma malignancy. Citation Format: Dusten Unruh, Snezana Mirkov, Charles D. James, Craig Horbinski. Mutant IDH1 and tissue factor in gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1345
Rational Modular RNA Engineering Based on In Vivo Profiling of Structural Accessibility.

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) have been established as powerful parts for controlling gene expression. However, development and application of engineered sRNAs has primarily focused on regulating novel synthetic targets. In this work, we demonstrate a rational modular RNA engineering approach that uses in vivo structural accessibility measurements to tune the regulatory activity of a multisubstrate sRNA for differential control of its native target network. Employing the CsrB global sRNA regulator as a model system, we use published in vivo structural accessibility data to infer the contribution of its local structures (substructures) to function and select a subset for engineering. We then modularly recombine the selected substructures, differentially representing those of presumed high or low functional contribution, to build a library of 21 CsrB variants. Using fluorescent translational reporter assays, we demonstrate that the CsrB variants achieve a 5-fold gradient of control of well-characterized Csr ...
Adaptive Cancellation of Static and Dynamic Mismatch Error in Continuous-Time DACs

Inadvertent but inevitable mismatches among nominally identical unit element 1-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) within a multi-bit Nyquist-rate DAC cause both static and dynamic error in the DAC’s continuous-time output waveform. Prior calibration techniques are able to suppress static mismatch error, but have had limited success in suppressing dynamic mismatch error. This paper presents a digital calibration technique that adaptively measures and cancels both static and dynamic mismatch error over the DAC’s first Nyquist band. The technique is capable of either foreground or background operation, and is relatively insensitive to non-ideal circuit behavior. The paper presents a rigorous mathematical analysis of the technique, and demonstrates the results of the paper with both behavioral and transistor-level circuit simulations.
Association between anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies and coronary artery disease in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective Antibodies against citrullinated fibrinogen (anti-cit-fibrinogen) have been implicated in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular (CV) risk in RA. The objective of this study was to examine the association between anti-cit-fibrinogens and coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes. Methods We performed the study in an RA cohort based in a large academic institution linked with electronic medical record data (EMR) containing data on CAD outcomes from medical record review. Using a published bead assay method, we measured 10 types of anti-cit-fibrinogens. We applied a score test to determine the association between the anti-cit-fibrinogens as a group with CAD outcomes. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to assess whether the anti-cit-fibrinogens clustered into groups. Each group was then also tested for association with CAD. Sensitivity analyses were also performed using a published ICD9 code group for ischemic heart disease (IHD) as the outcome. Results We studied 1,006 RA subjects with mean age 61.0 (SD 13.0) years and 72.2% anti-CCP positive. As a group, anti-cit-fibrinogen was associated with CAD (p=1.1x10-4). From the PCA analysis, we observed 3 main groups, of which only one group, containing 7 of the 10 anti-cit-fibrinogens, was significantly associated with CAD outcomes (p=0.015). In the sensitivity analysis, all anti-cit-fibrinogens as a group remained significantly associated with IHD (p=2.9x10-4). Conclusion Anti-cit-fibrinogen antibodies as a group were associated with CAD outcomes in our RA cohort, with the strongest signal for association arising from a subset of the autoantibodies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Current status of ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography in the evaluation of gout

Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and is increasing in relevance due to its rising prevalence and incidence. Dual-energy CT (DECT) and ultrasound (US) are the most frequently used imaging modalities for the diagnosis of gout and for the follow-up of patients receiving therapy. Although DECT has the highest diagnostic accuracy for gout and shows consistently excellent reader agreement in the assessment of urate deposition change after therapy, US also performs well and remains just as important an imaging tool in these realms due to its practical advantages in cost, availability, and safety. This article reports the current status of these two modalities in regard to diagnosis and therapy follow-up.
Examination of performance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Short Form 10 among African youth in poor, rural households

Youth mental health has emerged as a pressing global issue. However, to advance research gaps in low-income settings, we need valid measures of common mental health disorders. Using primary data collected in five countries (Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), this study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the commonly used 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D 10) scale among poor, disadvantaged youth populations in sub-Saharan African (SSA). Youth samples from each country (sample sizes ranging from 651 to 2098) come from large household surveys with youth modules, collected for impact evaluations of cash transfer programs targeted to poor families. For each sample, we assessed internal consistency (alpha), conducted factor analysis, and then examined construct validity and measurement invariance. We performed both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine and confirm the structure of the CES-D 10 for each country and then used multigroup CFA to assess measurement invariance across gender and age. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess construct validity via test of the relationship between CES-D 10 and background characteristics. Results show the CES-D 10 had strong psychometric properties and was a reliable measure of depressive symptoms among disadvantaged youth in SSA. Across countries, there was high internal consistency (Cronbach alphas = 0.70–0.76) and the traditional two-factor solution showed good model fit. Full measurement invariance of the CES-D 10 was supported across gender. Consistent with previous literature on risk factors for depressive symptoms, the CES-D 10 was associated with increasing age, and female gender and being out of school in some locations. Results from this study support broad use of the CES-D 10 among poor youth populations in SSA. Between one-third and two-thirds of our samples demonstrated depressive symptoms as classified by recommended cut-offs for the CES-D 10, indicating a high burden of mental illness in disadvantaged youth populations. This tool can be used in future efforts to study prevalence and dynamics of depressive symptoms in this population, as well as effectiveness of policies and interventions to improve the mental health of youth in SSA.
Comparing the Slope of Load/Displacement Fracture Curves of Asphalt Concrete

In order to quantify cracking characteristics of asphalt concrete, the use of fracture testing is becoming more common. When running fracture tests, often the load and displacement are recorded, and from these two values, the fracture energy can be calculated. Unfortunately, fracture energy is only a single value, so it is difficult to differentiate between two different mixtures that have the same fracture energy, but very different Load/Displacement curves. This research examined four sets of mixtures with similar fracture energies, but different material characteristics, including air voids, asphalt cement content, asphalt cement type, and polymer modification. After analyzing these four sets of mixtures, it was found that adding extra asphalt cement or polymer modification to a mixture increased the complaint behavior of the fracture curves for these specific mixtures. In addition, increasing the air voids decreased the compliance, while increasing the high temperature binder grade slightly increased the compliance. This indicated that important information of cracking characteristics of asphalt concrete can be overlooked when only using the fracture energy.
Somatic embryogenesis in Aesculus

Somatic embryogenesis was observed with explants taken from four types ofAesculus tissue: (a) shoots of 4-wk-oldin vitro germinated excised embryos (seed fromA.×arnoldiana), (b) roots of 4-wk-oldin vitro germinated excised embryos (seed fromA.×arnoldiana), (c) shoots from newly forced 3-yr-old seedlings (A. glabra), and (d) newly forced shoots from a 30-yr-old tree (A.×arnoldiana “Autumn Splendor”). Shoots provided three types of explants, single node, shoot apex, and internodal section, and all exhibited embryogenesis. Proembryogenic masses developed in a few cases after 6 wk in culture but were more commonly seen after 3 mo. The yellow, friable proembryogenic masses emerged from proximal cut ends of explants. Almost all cultures that formed embryos possessed leaves, either from developing apical or axillary buds or from adventitious buds, prior to the emergence of proembryogenic masses. Only tissues that had begun to senesce and had been exposed to cytokinin (benzyladenine at 5 or 25 μM) formed somatic embryos. Embryos with distinct cotyledonlike structures and root/shoot axes developed during the 10 to 16 wk following the inital emergence of proembryogenic masses. Enhanced frequency of embryogenesis was obtained by dark culture of root and shoot explants from 4-wk-old germinated embryos (A.×arnoldiana) and by dark and cold (5°C) treatment of shoot tissue cultures derived from 3-yr-old seedlings (A. glabra). Embryogenic potential was greatest in the most juvenile tissue and least in the mature tissue. Five percent of shoot explants taken from the 30-yr-old select treeA.×arnoldiana “Autumn Splendor” produced somatic embryos.
Creating Creative Creators: China and the United States’ Common Quest

China and the United States (US) have much more in common than one might suspect. Both have been thrust into a globally intertwined, interdependent, highly competitive economic system, which has been precipitated by exponential growth in technological discoveries. In both countries their institutions of higher learning confront unprecedented pressures to meet the educational requirements of their countries’ workforces. Such demands require well thought out innovative change. This chapter briefly examines the dilemmas these countries face as they work to educate creative thinkers who are well grounded in mathematics and science.
Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs

The clinical consequences (therapeutic and toxic) of drug acetylation polymorphism are reviewed for procainamide, hydralazine, phenelzine, isoniazid, and salicylazosulfapyridine. Genetic slow acetylators are more likely than rapid acetylators to experience the following adverse drug reactions: (1) earlier development of procainamide-induced antinuclear antibody; (2) earlier and more frequent development of procainamide-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); (3) hydralazine-induced SLE; (4) spontaneous SLE; (5) drowsiness and nausea from phenelzine; (6) cyanosis, hemolysis, and transient reticulocytosis from salicylazosulfapyridine; and (7) polyneuropathy after isoniazid therapy. The incidence of isoniazid hepatitis may, however, be more common in rapid than than in slow acetylators. Genetic slow acetylators are also more likely than rapid acetylators to experience greater therapeutic responses from similar doses of the following: phenelzine, hydralazine provided beta blockers are concurrently used, and isoniazid if once weekly therapy is used. Thus, knowledge of the acetylator phenotype of a patient can help determine the relative risk for some drug-related toxic and therapeutic responses.
Optimization of Large-Scale Vogel Spiral Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticles

In this paper, we combine coupled dipole approximation (CDA) theory with optimization codes based on cyclic coordinate descent minimization to obtain the best configurations of plasmonic nanoparticles that produce maximal scattering or absorption efficiencies in large-scale Vogel spiral arrays. The optimization is performed from the ultraviolet to the visible spectral range for different and commonly used plasmonic materials, namely gold, silver, and aluminum. General engineering trends for optimized Vogel structures with varying numbers of particles are obtained for each material. The optimization strategy demonstrated in this work enables rapid prototyping of large-scale photonic-plasmonic coupled devices composed of a large number of small resonant nanoparticles, and can be utilized for the optimal design of plasmon-enhanced optical sensors, photodetectors, solar cells, and enhanced-efficiency light sources, and nonlinear optical components.
An Exposition of Structural Estimation of Discrete Dynamic Decision Processes

In the analysis of dynamic decision problems, the vast majority of the literature has focused on normative aspects: what should a resource manager do to maximize a particular objective function? Rarely have resource economists attempted to answer the positive question: what decision problem does a resource manager actually solve? There are several candidate explanations for this emphasis on normative modeling, but in this chapter we take the perspective that although structural estimation of discrete dynamic decision problems is not especially difficult, it is difficult enough that most analysts require some explanation of why they should bother with it at all. We develop a general model of a discrete dynamic decision problem, distill it to a tractable form, and present the estimation methodology. We then provide an empirical example and investigate the implications of using a reduced-form static model of behavior when the underlying data-generating process is dynamic.
Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Bipolar Disorder: Taking the Care to Where They Are

Up to 20% of women who screen positive for depression in the perinatal period in primary care and obstetric settings may have bipolar disorder, but little is known about best practices for this population. This column describes clinical programs that support identification and management of depression and bipolar disorder among women in non-mental health settings. The programs use diverse management strategies, including referral to specialty mental health, collaborative care, and consultation and care coordination. Most mental health programs based in primary care and obstetric settings are designed for depression treatment. Assessment and treatment strategies need to be refined to ensure that women with bipolar disorder receive appropriate care.
Prime eligible poisons: identification of extremely hazardous substances available on Amazon.com®

Background: Widespread use of the Internet has increased availability of numerous products. Multiple published cases highlight that toxic xenobiotics are available for purchase online. Most cases describe purchase from the deep web. We sought to identify extremely hazardous substances available from an online retailer.Methods: Over a 10-month period, the online retailer Amazon.com® was searched for each of the products listed by the Environmental Protection Agency's "List of Extremely Hazardous Substances." Product names, availability on Amazon Prime®, need for a business account, price, and quantity were collated.Results: We identified 79/340 (23.2%) of these substances were available on Amazon.com®. Almost one-third of the available substances were eligible for Amazon Prime®. Approximately one-third of the products were available in an amount that could be toxic by purchasing a single unit (31/79). Of these 31 products, only four required a business account, 18 were eligible for Amazon Prime®, and nine were neither eligible for Prime nor required a business account. Notable products include sodium azide, acrylamide, mercuric acetate, and hydrazine.Conclusions: The ease of purchase and ready availability of such highly toxic substances is concerning. Online retailers like Amazon.com® should consult with toxicologists or other qualified experts and governmental agencies to identify which products should be removed or restricted to business accounts.
Estimates of all cause mortality and cause specific mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors among US veterans: cohort study

Abstract Objective To estimate all cause mortality and cause specific mortality among patients taking proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Design Longitudinal observational cohort study. Setting US Department of Veterans Affairs. Participants New users of PPIs (n=157 625) or H2 blockers (n=56 842). Main outcome measures All cause mortality and cause specific mortality associated with taking PPIs (values reported as number of attributable deaths per 1000 patients taking PPIs). Results There were 45.20 excess deaths (95% confidence interval 28.20 to 61.40) per 1000 patients taking PPIs. Circulatory system diseases (number of attributable deaths per 1000 patients taking PPIs 17.47, 95% confidence interval 5.47 to 28.80), neoplasms (12.94, 1.24 to 24.28), infectious and parasitic diseases (4.20, 1.57 to 7.02), and genitourinary system diseases (6.25, 3.22 to 9.24) were associated with taking PPIs. There was a graded relation between cumulative duration of PPI exposure and the risk of all cause mortality and death due to circulatory system diseases, neoplasms, and genitourinary system diseases. Analyses of subcauses of death suggested that taking PPIs was associated with an excess mortality due to cardiovascular disease (15.48, 5.02 to 25.19) and chronic kidney disease (4.19, 1.56 to 6.58). Among patients without documented indication for acid suppression drugs (n=116 377), taking PPIs was associated with an excess mortality due to cardiovascular disease (22.91, 11.89 to 33.57), chronic kidney disease (4.74, 1.53 to 8.05), and upper gastrointestinal cancer (3.12, 0.91 to 5.44). Formal interaction analyses suggested that the risk of death due to these subcauses was not modified by a history of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or upper gastrointestinal cancer. Taking PPIs was not associated with an excess burden of transportation related mortality and death due to peptic ulcer disease (as negative outcome controls). Conclusions Taking PPIs is associated with a small excess of cause specific mortality including death due to cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and upper gastrointestinal cancer. The burden was also observed in patients without an indication for PPI use. Heightened vigilance in the use of PPI may be warranted.
Dose Matters: A Smartphone Application to Improve Asthma Control Among Patients at an Urban Pediatric Primary Care Clinic.

Abstract Objective: As the most common chronic condition of childhood, asthma is a frequent target for family education. However, current educational strategies rarely tailor to learning style or l...
Adulteration Analysis in Essential Oils

Based on the numerous side effects of synthetically derived medicines, many people are trying to transform their lifestyles through naturopathy. Unfortunately, due to a lack of complete instrumental techniques and strict government regulation, adulteration of natural products is rampant all over the world. It is estimated that approximately 80% of commercially available, so-called “natural” essential oils are adulterated in some way. Through research and the establishment of proper standards, which include detailed chemical profiles of what authentic essential oils look like analytically, the relevance of adulterated oils in the industry should be minimized.
Curcumin-loaded Pickering emulsion stabilized by insoluble complexes involving ovotransferrin-gallic acid conjugates and carboxymethyldextran.

The present work aimed to fabricate antioxidant particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions with outstanding protection of encapsulated nutraceuticals. Antioxidant ovotransferrin–gallic acid conjugates (OTGCONJ) were prepared using the alkaline method, and the electrostatic assembly technique was utilized to construct OTGCONJ–CMD particles with OTGCONJ and carboxymethyldextran (CMD) as the building blocks. After the investigation of the particle size, insoluble nature and intermediate wettability of the OTGCONJ–CMD particles, the OTGCONJ–CMD particles were verified as eligible Pickering stabilizers. Visual observation showed that the stable OTGCONJ–CMD particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion consisted of the emulsified phase alone. Rheological analysis revealed that the Pickering emulsion had a high viscosity and a gel-like structure. In terms of the protective effect, the OTGCONJ–CMD particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion could significantly retard curcumin degradation under UV light. An in vitro digestion study revealed that the OTGCONJ–CMD particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion improved both the extent of lipolysis and curcumin bioaccessibility remarkably, suggesting that the OTGCONJ–CMD particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion was an excellent nutraceutical delivery vehicle. The novel findings in this work could have important implications for the design of nutraceutical-loaded Pickering emulsions with an excellent protective effect and nutraceutical delivery efficiency.
Time from submission to publication in plastic surgery journals: The story of accepted manuscripts.

Summary Background Publication of research in highly regarded journals is a laborious journey that requires a considerable amount of effort and time. The objective of this article is to obtain insight into the time required for articles to be accepted and published in the top six plastic surgery journals and to study the effects of article characteristics on their publication time. Methods A comprehensive review of all articles published by six scientific plastic surgery journals during a one-year period (2018) was performed. Time taken from submission to acceptance, online, and in-print publication was abstracted and analyzed. Results A total of 1141 articles were reviewed. The median total time (TT) from submission to in-print publication was 10.3 months (IQR 8–12.6), with a median time of 4.6 months (3–6.8) from submission to acceptance and 5.4 months (4.2–6.3) from acceptance to publication. TT varied among journals, ranging from 7.2 months for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery to 16.1 months for Microsurgery. The articles were available online after a median of 21 days from their acceptance date. When comparing our results to publication times in 2005, most journals showed a decrease in their total publication time. Conclusion Our study highlights the time taken for publication and the differences between plastic surgery journals and study characteristics. Most journals have demonstrated a quicker turnaround time during the last 13 years. Online publication has greatly decreased the time between acceptance and in-print publication. We advocate for improving certain areas of this timeline, but this improvement should not be at the expense of review quality.
Poverty, Geography of

This article examines themes in geographical research on poverty. Given the highly contested nature of the term, I begin with an overview of debates about definitions of poverty. This discussion contrasts absolute and relative poverty measures and critically assesses some of the assumptions embedded with dominant poverty definitions. Next, the article considers the place of geographic research on poverty in critical development studies, emphasizing how the idea of poverty has been fundamental to projects of development. The article then charts shifts in poverty dynamics associated with economic restructuring and welfare reform in the United States. Finally, I analyze the discursive construction of poverty and consider how ideas about poverty categorize and differentiate impoverished places and the poor.
Growth, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus in response to dietary inclusion of hydrolyzed salmon meal and pH adjustment

In this study, we aimed to investigate the inclusion effect of hydrolyzed salmon meal (HSM) in combination with enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) with or without pH adjustment to completely replac...
Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Endometriosis

Study Objective To discuss the evaluation and management of cervical endometriosis. To demonstrate a surgical technique for localization and excision. Design Case presentation and review of literature with narrated video footage. Setting A tertiary care hospital and endometriosis referral center. Patients or Participants Case Presentation. Interventions We present a case of cervical endometriosis, which includes: • Physical exam findings and tips for diagnosis • Preoperative imaging • A surgical technique for intraoperative localization and excision • Review of literature Measurements and Main Results N/A Conclusion In summary, cervical endometriosis is important to consider in the patients with abnormal bleeding and chronic pelvic pain. Imaging and consultation with subspecialists may be necessary. There exists no consensus guidelines, but complete excision is imperative when undergoing surgical management.
Critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect in VI 3

The authors experimentally study the critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect of bulk VI3, a low dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor, around the ferromagnetic transition and show that it is of second-order and is situated close to a three- to two-dimensional critical point.
Dissent among Mormons in the 1980 Senatorial Election in Idaho

The ecclesiastical organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons; or LDS; or Saints) is rigidly hierarchical, extending downward from the President. An important exception to the Church’s top-down approach lies in the area of partisan politics, where the Church as an organization dons the mantle of political neutrality. This official stance notwithstanding, politics does intrude itself into Church affairs, especially in hotly contested elections. The 1980 senatorial election in Idaho severely tested the Church’s commitment to political non-involvement. Church leaders extended accolades to incumbent Democratic Senator Frank Church for his support of causes favorable to the organization, but polling data and documentary evidence indicate that rank-and-file members dissented from their leaders’ positive attitudes, culminating in an important realignment in electoral behavior in the state.
Preferential Maternal Transmission of STX16-GNAS Mutations Responsible for Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP1B): Another Example of Transmission Ratio Distortion.

Preferential transmission of a genetic mutation to the next generation, referred to as transmission ratio distortion (TRD), is well established for several dominant disorders, but underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Recently, TRD was reported for patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. To determine whether TRD is observed also for autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (AD-PHP1B), we analyzed kindreds with the frequent 3-kb STX16 deletion or other STX16/GNAS mutations. If inherited from a female, these genetic defects lead to loss-of-methylation at exon A/B alone or at all three differentially methylated regions (DMR), resulting in parathyroid hormone (PTH)-resistant hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and possibly resistance to other hormones. In total, we investigated 212 children born to 80 females who are unaffected carriers of a STX16/GNAS mutation (n = 47) or affected by PHP1B (n = 33). Of these offspring, 134 (63.2%) had inherited the genetic defect (p = .00012). TRD was indistinguishable for mothers with a STX16/GNAS mutation on their paternal (unaffected carriers) or maternal allele (affected). The mechanisms favoring transmission of the mutant allele remain undefined but are likely to include abnormalities in oocyte maturation. Search for mutations in available descendants of males revealed marginally significant evidence for TRD (p = .038), but these analyses are less reliable because many more offspring of males than females with a STX16/GNAS mutation were lost to follow-up (31 of 98 versus 6 of 218). This difference in follow-up is probably related to the fact that inheritance of a mutation from a male does not have clinical implications, whereas inheritance from an affected or unaffected female results in PHP1B. Lastly, affected PHP1B females had fewer descendants than unaffected carriers, but it remains unclear whether abnormal oocyte development or impaired actions of reproductive hormones are responsible. Our findings highlight previously not recognized aspects of AD-PHP1B that are likely to have implications for genetic testing and counseling. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Distinct Mechanisms Regulate IL1B and TNF Gene Expression

We have previously reported that the immediate-early (IE) induction of the genes coding for Interleukin 1β (IL1B) and TNFα (TNF) are regulated by distinct mechanisms. Like many poised IE genes prior to induction, TNF exhibits pre-bound TBP and paused RNA Pol II. In contrast, poised IL1B is devoid of these complexes, revealing only a lineage-specifying factor (Spi-1) and prominent promoter nucleosome depletion. In the case of TNF, LPS treatment releases the paused Pol II for elongation, while for IL1B the activation event results in de novo TBP and Pol II recruitment and elongation. Additionally, once cells are treated with LPS, TNF is rapidly and transiently induced, followed by complete shutdown and is refractory to re-stimulation. For IL1B, a similar rapid-vigorous transient induction is subsequently followed by a lower level of continuous expression, which can be re-induced with LPS. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in these distinct modes of regulation, experiments have been aimed at com...
Growth Regulation in Vitro and the Role of Serum

In 1932, Willmer and Kendal wrote: The future of tissue culture as an experimental method depends very largely upon whether a more complete knowledge can be obtained of the requirements of the cells. The goal at which to aim is a completely synthetic medium whose every constituent is under control.1
Biosynthesis of fatty acids in mammary tissue. I. Purification and properties of fatty acid synthetase from lactating-goat mammary tissue.

Abstract Fatty acid synthetase of a high degree of purity has been prepared from the particle-free supernatant fraction of lactating-goat mammary tissue. Ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed heterogeneity of the preparation. However, the enzyme complex was sufficiently free of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity to enable the demonstration of the requirement for the “primer” acyl-CoA in addition to malonyl-CoA and NADPH. The enzyme appeared to utilize butyryl-CoA more efficiently than acetyl-CoA as “primer.” The nature and extent of the fatty acids synthesized using these two “primers” were characteristically different and were pronouncedly influenced by the concentration of malonyl-CoA.
In-Home Treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder in a Therapeutic Foster Care System: A Case Example

When trauma precedes a child's placement in the foster care system, it can lead to lasting mental health difficulties. Often, children who experience extreme, chronic trauma prior to age 5 develop Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD). However, the diagnosis of RAD is often overlooked. This article discusses the characteristics of RAD as well as diagnostic criteria and possible etiology. We present the case example of an adolescent diagnosed with RAD as an example of treatment from an in-home perspective.
Deletion mutants of bacteriophage lambda: I. Isolation and initial characterization

Abstract The inactivation rate of lambda phage at high temperature or low ionic strength is largely dependent on the DNA content of the λ head. Deletion mutants of λ have been selected, therefore, by isolating heat-resistant or chelating-agent-resistant mutants of λ wild type. Because λ wild-type stocks contain about 0.01% phenotypically resistant phage, it was necessary to select deletion mutants by recycling procedures which appear to select against certain types of deletions. Deletions have been isolated from ultraviolet-induced and vegetatively grown λ stocks and the two preparations are different in several respects. Based on the results of preliminary characterizations, all of the deletion mutants fall into three major classes with respect to their integration behavior in different host strains. Furthermore, none of the nearly 200 deletion mutants studied is defective in the ability to promote recombination in recombinationless host bacteria.
An elevated day three follicle-stimulating hormone:luteinizing hormone ratio (FSH:LH) in the presence of a normal day 3 FSH predicts a poor response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

Objective To determine if an elevated FSH:LH ratio predicts response in infertile patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for IVF-ET. Design Retrospective study. Setting The Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York. Participants Seventy-four patients undergoing IVF-ET using similar protocols for COH with day 3 FSH, LH, and E 2 testing available for analysis. All patients were Main Outcome Measures Follicle-stimulating hormone:LH ratio, day 8 serum E 2 , peak serum E 2 , cancellation rate, pregnancy rate, and number and size of follicles. Results An FSH:LH ratio ≥ 3.6 (group I) predicted a poor response to COH (sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 95%). There were no significant differences regarding day 3 serum FSH and ampules of gonadotropins used for COH. Group I (ratio ≥ 3.6) patients responded to COH with lower day 8 E 2 (97 ± 18 versus 319 ± 36 pg/mL; conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671), peak E 2 (422 ± 115 versus 2,368 ± 183 pg/mL), and fewer follicles 3.6) was 25%. Conclusions The FSH:LH ratio may increase before a dramatic increase in serum FSH is observed and appears to be a useful marker of ovarian reserve.
Cybernetic Birth Control

Just One Child. Science and Policy in Deng9s China. By Susan Greenhalgh. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2008. 425 pp. $55, £32.95. ISBN 9780520253384. Paper, $21.95, £12.95. ISBN 9780520253391. The author explores how in the late 1970s China9s leadership decided to attempt to limit all couples to a single offspring.
Hyperbolicity and Astigmatism

We study the mechanism of hyperbolicity in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. Especially we consider ergodic billiards with focusing components in dimensions d≥3. In this case astigmatism serves as an obstacle to hyperbolicity in billiards with large focusing components. The notion of absolutely focusing mirrors is extended to the dimensions d≥3 and the first classes of ergodic billiards with both focusing and dispersing components are constructed in d≥3.
Ethical Issues in Behavioral Research: A Survey

List of Boxes. List of Tables. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction: Why Research Ethics? 2. Ethical Principles in Behavioral Research: Professional and Governmental Guidelines. 3. Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Human Subject Research I: Laboratory Research. 4. Methodological Issues in the Use of Deception. 5. Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Human Subject Research II: Field Research. 6. Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Human Subject Research III: Applied Research. 7. Ethical Issues in the Recruitment and Selection of Research Subjects. 8. Ethical Issues in Research With Animals. 9. Ethical Review and the Communication of Results. Appendices. References. Indices.
Perpendicular pull-out force of locking versus non-locking plates in thin cortical bone using a canine mandibular ramus model.

Objective To compare the holding strength of a conventional plate-screw construct with a locking plate-screw construct in the thin cortical bone of the canine mandibular ramus. Study design Mechanical study. Animals Paired cadaveric canine mandibles (n = 10 pairs). Methods Perpendicular pull-out testing was performed on 2.0-mm limited-contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP)-screw constructs and 2.0-mm string-of-pearls (SOP) plate-screw constructs applied to the ramus of the canine mandible. Pull-out force was applied perpendicular to the long axis of the plates. Construct stiffness and load at failure were determined from load-displacement curves and method of failure was determined from high speed digital video recordings. A paired t-test was used to compare mean construct stiffness and load at failure between groups. Results SOP plate-screw constructs had a significantly higher mean construct stiffness and load at failure than did LC-DCP-screw constructs. LC-DCP constructs failed by screw pull-out while bone slicing and fracture were prominent mechanisms of failure for SOP constructs. Conclusions SOP plate-screw constructs sustained a significantly higher perpendicular load at failure than did LC-DCP-screw constructs.
Photoperiod is associated with hippocampal volume in a large community sample

Although animal research has demonstrated seasonal changes in hippocampal volume, reflecting seasonal neuroplasticity, seasonal differences in human hippocampal volume have yet to be documented. Hippocampal volume has also been linked to depressed mood, a seasonally varying phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that seasonal differences in day-length (i.e., photoperiod) would predict differences in hippocampal volume, and that this association would be linked to low mood. Healthy participants aged 30-54 (M=43; SD=7.32) from the University of Pittsburgh Adult Health and Behavior II project (n=404; 53% female) were scanned in a 3T MRI scanner. Hippocampal volumes were determined using an automated segmentation algorithm using FreeSurfer. A mediation model tested whether hippocampal volume mediated the relationship between photoperiod and mood. Secondary analyses included seasonally fluctuating variables (i.e., sleep and physical activity) which have been shown to influence hippocampal volume. Shorter photoperiods were significantly associated with higher BDI scores (R(2)=0.01, β=-0.12, P=0.02) and smaller hippocampal volumes (R(2)=0.40, β=0.08, P=0.04). However, due to the lack of an association between hippocampal volume and Beck Depression Inventory scores in the current sample, the mediation hypothesis was not supported. This study is the first to demonstrate an association between season and hippocampal volume. These data offer preliminary evidence that human hippocampal plasticity could be associated with photoperiod and indicates a need for longitudinal studies.