cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Administrator Effectiveness: The Effects of Advocacy and Information on Achieving Outcomes in an Organizational Context

The effects of (J) information about the distribution of subunit influence, (2) information about the subunit's standing on various dimensions, and (3) the effects of advocating that allocations be based on dimensions favoring the subunit were examined for a sample of academic departments in a large state university. Advocating the use of criteria favorable to the subunit was positively related to allocations, particularly for more powerful subunits and less critical and scarce resources. Knowledge about the organization's political structure primarily benefitted the allocations of less powerful de-partments. These results heldfor resources allocated through committees of department representatives. However, for general fund allocations, made through an administrative decision process, advocacy tended to decrease re-source allocations, with this effect observed more for high power depart-ments. The results are discussed in terms of the liaison role of the administrator, employing the conceptualization of ...
Prediction of therapeutic microRNA based on the human metabolic network

Motivation: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has been found to be deregulated in human cancer, contributing, in part, to the interest of the research community in using miRNAs as alternative therapeutic targets. Although miRNAs could be potential targets, identifying which miRNAs to target for a particular type of cancer has been difficult due to the limited knowledge on their regulatory roles in cancer. We address this challenge by integrating miRNA-target prediction, metabolic modeling and context-specific gene expression data to predict therapeutic miRNAs that could reduce the growth of cancer. Results: We developed a novel approach to simulate a conditionspecific metabolic system for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) wherein overexpression of each miRNA was simulated to predict their ability to reduce cancer cell growth. Our approach achieved 480% accuracy in predicting the miRNAs that could suppress metastasis and progression of liver cancer based on various experimental evidences in the literature. This condition-specific metabolic system provides a framework to explore the mechanisms by which miRNAs modulate metabolic functions to affect cancer growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first computational approach implemented to predict therapeutic miRNAs for human cancer based on their functional role in cancer metabolism. Analyzing the metabolic functions altered by the miRNA-identified metabolic genes essential for cell growth and proliferation that are targeted by the miRNAs. Availability and implementation: See supplementary protocols and
Cutaneous reaction to dexbrompheniramine maleate.

On two separate occasions a bright erythematous, maculopapular rash appeared in the same person within 12 hours after ingestion of a tablet containing 6 mg of dexbrompheniramine maleate, an antihistamine, and 120 mg of pseudoephedrine sulfate. The sequence of events strongly incriminated the antihistamine as the cause of the rash, especially since the subsequent ingestion of pseudoephedrine produced no untoward response. This is the first reported case of cutaneous reaction to dexbrompheniramine maleate.
Atracurium use in a patient with familial periodic paralysis.

Abstract We describe a patient with the hypokalemic type of familial periodic paralysis (FPP) who received atracurium for muscle relaxation as required for diagnostic laparoscopy. Electrocardiographic (EKG) T-wave changes suggestive o f hypokalemia were not supported by blood determinations. Arterial blood measurements of potassium (K + ), pH, and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO 2 ) and the patient's esophageal temperature were maintained within normal limits. The degree of muscle relaxation was closely monitored by a peripheral nerve stimulator and train-of four (TOF) measurement of muscle twitch height. At the conclusion of the surgical procedure, no reversal to the muscle relaxant was needed or given. The patient regained preoperative muscle strength, and her postoperative course was uneventful.
Dissociative tendencies, attention, and memory.

Two groups of college students were selected on the basis of their scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). The high-DES group (score > 20, M = 29.6; n = 54) and low-DES group (score < 10, M = 5.1; n = 54) both completed the standard and a new dualtask version of the Stroop ink-naming task with xs (baseline condition) and color, neutral, and emotionally charged words. Free recall results indicated that high-DES participants remembered fewer emotionally charged words than low-DES participants. We found a crossover interaction for Stroop interference: High-DES participants showed more interference (conflicting color – baseline latency for ink naming) in a selective-attention Stroop task and less interference in the dualtask Stroop task. The interaction between attentional context and dissociation for Stroop interference and the free recall results are consistent with a cognitive-environments view of dissociative tendencies. In this view, dissociative tendencies, which have been otherwise speculat...
A PANDEMIC OF TERROR AND TERROR OF A PANDEMIC: AMERICAN CULTURAL RESPONSES TO HIV/AIDS AND BIOTERRORISM

The cultural construction of American societal responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic and terrorism is addressed. The use of metaphors of war, survival, extinction, and of those related to God in public narratives is analyzed. Issues of gender, sexuality, money, and power are also discussed within the context of the religion-science dialogue. Suggestions are made about a possibility for a global ethic of survival based on an ethic of care.
The impact of delayed topology information in proactive routing protocols for MANETS

In the design of many proactive routing protocols for MANETs, it is often assumed that topology information is disseminated instantly and error free. Exceptions include hazy-sighted routing, which deliberately delay the dissemination of topology information such that the average time from when a node learns about a change in topology depends on the distance from the node to where the topology information changed. However, the analysis of hazy-sighted routing neglects the impact of this delay. This paper explores the impact of delayed topology information to the probability of routing loops formation and and packet loss.
The Native 67-Kilodalton Minor Fimbria of Porphyromonas gingivalis Is a Novel Glycoprotein with DC-SIGN-Targeting Motifs

We recently reported that the oral mucosal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, through its 67-kDa Mfa1 (minor) fimbria, targets the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN for invasion and persistence within human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). The DCs respond by inducing an immunosuppressive and Th2-biased CD4+ T-cell response. We have now purified the native minor fimbria by ion-exchange chromatography and sequenced the fimbria by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), confirming its identity and revealing two putative N-glycosylation motifs as well as numerous putative O-glycosylation sites. We further show that the minor fimbria is glycosylated by ProQ staining and that glycosylation is partially removed by treatment with β(1-4)-galactosidase, but not by classic N- and O-linked deglycosidases. Further monosaccharide analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed that the minor fimbria contains the DC-SIGN-targeting carbohydrates fucose (1.35 nmol/mg), mannose (2.68 nmol/mg), N-acetylglucosamine (2.27 nmol/mg), and N-acetylgalactosamine (0.652 nmol/mg). Analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the minor fimbria forms fibers approximately 200 nm in length that could be involved in targeting or cross-linking DC-SIGN. These findings shed further light on molecular mechanisms of invasion and immunosuppression by this unique mucosal pathogen.
Alfalfa yield as affected by harvest traffic and soil compaction in a sandy loam soil

Harvesting alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) results in plants being subjected to traffic at different times during the growth cycle with equipment having different wheel sizes and loads. The affect of this traffic could have important ramifications on yield. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term effects of harvest traffic and soil compaction on alfalfa yield. In the first experiment, two conventional traffic systems were compared to alfalfa production with no traffic. A single traffic event, that covered 100% of the plot area 3 to 5 d after each swathing, compared to no traffic significantly decreased yield by 20% in the 1st yr, 16.5% in the 2nd yr, 14% in the 3rd yr, with no significant difference the 4th yr. There was no difference in total yield between nontrafficked and a typical grower's traffic pattern the 1st yr, but in the succeeding 3 yr there was a 5 to 17% reduction. The effects of soil compaction and harvest traffic on yield were separated in the second experiment. Alfalfa grown in moderately and heavily compacted soil had a 12 and 26% decrease respectively in seasonal total yield compared to the yield from plants grown in noncompacted soil the 1st yr. Annual yields were the same regardless of the degree of soil compaction in the 3rd yr. When harvest traffic was applied to alfalfa grown in extremely compacted soil there was an additional decrease in yield. It was not statistically significant the 1st yr, but in the following 2 yr, 1987 and 1988, yield was significantly reduced by 17.8 and 19.1%, respectively. Alfalfa yields were significantly reduced both by harvest traffic and compacted soil. To achieve optimum long-term alfalfa yields compacted soil must be tilled before planting and operations that reduce the area of the field subjected to traffic must be implemented.
The Impact of Parental Support, Behavioral Control, and Psychological Control on the Academic Achievement and Self-Esteem of African American and European American Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between adolescent functioning (i.e., self-esteem and academic achievement) and parental support, behavioral control, and psychological control in European American and African American adolescents. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that supportive behaviors of African American mothers toward their adolescent children positively predicted both self-esteem and academic achievement. Psychological control was significantly related to adolescent self-esteem in both the models of paternal parenting (African American and European American) and maternal parenting (African American). In addition, among European American adolescents, behavioral control was a significant predictor of academic achievement and self-esteem. This study provides support for the methodological value of examining the parenting dimensions independently as opposed to combining them to form parenting styles.
Computationally efficient phase noise cancellation technique in OFDM systems with phase noise

It has been shown that OFDM is a strong candidate for future high rate wireless communications. One drawback of OFDM is, however, its sensitivity to phase noise, which causes leakage of digital Fourier transform (DFT), leads to common phase error (CPE) as well as intercarrier interference (ICI) in the frequency domain, and therefore saturates system performance. Many methods have been developed in the literature to mitigate phase noise. Among them, a simultaneous CPE and ICI correction (SCIC) technique, which chooses to estimate and cancel CPE and ICI simultaneously, has a better performance than others. Nevertheless, this technique requires much higher computational complexity, mainly due to the matrix inversion. We propose a new SCIC-based method which, while maintaining the same performance as the original scheme, greatly reduces the computational complexity. Numerical results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The s-Riesz transform of an s-dimensional measure in ℝ2 is unbounded for 1 < s < 2

In this paper, we prove that for s ∈ (1, 2) there exists no totally lower irregular finite positive Borel measure µ in ℝ2 with Open image in new window such that \({\left\| {R\mu } \right\|_{{L^\infty }({m_2})}} < + \infty \), where Rµ = µ*x/|x|s+1 and m2 is the Lebesgue measure in ℝ2. Combined with known results of Prat and Vihtila, this shows that for any s ∈ (0, 1) ∪ (1, 2) and any finite positive Borel measure in ℝ2 with Open image in new window, we have \({\left\| {R\mu } \right\|_{{L^\infty }({m_2})}} = \infty \).
Very high density probing

A discussion is presented on some of the problems encountered with probing at the wafer level and how this probe card technology helps to overcome those problems. Advancements needed in probe card technology include smaller pitches, faster speeds, bumped pads, internal and multidie probing. With the density of the die increasing, the pitch between pads on the die is being reduced. A pitch of 4 mils or less is common for faster, more complex devices, resulting in an almost unlimited growth of signal pins. Tape automated bonding (TAB) necessitates that bumps be placed on the pads of the die. Bumped pads must then be probed. Internal and multidie probing, although not a recent development, is being requested more often to help improve throughput. >
Visualization of Myc/Max/Mad Family Dimers and the Competition for Dimerization in Living Cells

Myc and Mad family proteins play opposing roles in the control of cell growth and proliferation. We have visualized the subcellular locations of complexes formed by Myc/Max/Mad family proteins using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis. Max was recruited to different subnuclear locations by interactions with Myc versus Mad family members. Complexes formed by Max with Mxi1, Mad3, or Mad4 were enriched in nuclear foci, whereas complexes formed with Myc were more uniformly distributed in the nucleoplasm. Mad4 was localized to the cytoplasm when it was expressed separately, and Mad4 was recruited to the nucleus through dimerization with Max. The cytoplasmic localization of Mad4 was determined by a CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal located near the amino terminus. We compared the relative efficiencies of complex formation among Myc, Max, and Mad family proteins in living cells using multicolor BiFC analysis. Max formed heterodimers with the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLHZIP) domain of Myc (bMyc) more efficiently than it formed homodimers. Replacement of two amino acid residues in the leucine zipper of Max reversed the relative efficiencies of homo- and heterodimerization in cells. Surprisingly, Mad3 formed complexes with Max less efficiently than bMyc, whereas Mad4 formed complexes with Max more efficiently than bMyc. The distinct subcellular locations and the differences between the efficiencies of dimerization with Max indicate that Mad3 and Mad4 are likely to modulate transcription activation by Myc at least in part through distinct mechanisms.
Thirty years of chlorophyll modeling

This paper summarizes the progress over approximately thirty-year's work of the author in developing a model of photosynthesis involving chlorophyll on polymeric substrates that would photosensitize endergonic electron transfer. The system finally achieved might, with proper modifications, serve as a means of generating power from solar energy.
Product Bound Structures of the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase Hydroxylase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath): Protein Motion in the Alpha-Subunit

The soluble methane monooxygenase hydroxylase (MMOH) α-subunit contains a series of cavities that delineate the route of substrate entrance to and product egress from the buried carboxylate-bridged diiron center. The presence of discrete cavities is a major structural difference between MMOH, which can hydroxylate methane, and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase hydroxylase (ToMOH), which cannot. To understand better the functions of the cavities and to investigate how an enzyme designed for methane hydroxylation can also accommodate larger substrates such as octane, methylcubane, and trans-1-methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane, MMOH crystals were soaked with an assortment of different alcohols and their X-ray structures were solved to 1.8−2.4 A resolution. The product analogues localize to cavities 1−3 and delineate a path of product exit and/or substrate entrance from the active site to the surface of the protein. The binding of the alcohols to a position bridging the two iron atoms in cavity 1 extends and validates...
Separation of mutation avoidance and antirecombination functions in an Escherichia coli mutS mutant

DNA mismatch repair in Escherichia coli has been shown to be involved in two distinct processes: mutation avoidance, which removes potential mutations arising as replication errors, and antirecombination which prevents recombination between related, but not identical (homeologous), DNA sequences. We show that cells with the mutSD800 mutation (which removes the C-terminal 53 amino acids of MutS) on a multicopy plasmid are proficient for mutation avoidance. In interspecies genetic crosses, however, recipients with the mutSD800 mutation show increased recombination by up to 280-fold relative to mutS 1 . The MutSD800 protein binds to O 6 -methylguanine mismatches but not to intrastrand platinated GG cross-links, explaining why dam bacteria with the mutSD800 mutation are resistant to cisplatin, but not MNNG, toxicity. The results indicate that the C-terminal end of MutS is necessary for antirecombination and cisplatin sensitization, but less significant for mutation avoidance. The inability of MutSD800 to form tetramers may indicate that these are the active form of MutS.
Phylogenetic Analyses and Diterpenoid Production by Marine Bacteria of the Genus Saprospira

The relationship between 16S rRNA gene sequence-derived phylogeny and the bacterial production of diterpenoids from 18 isolates of marine bacteria belonging to the genus Saprospira was determined. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes of these isolates indicated four distinct phylotypes. The terpenoid metabolite profiles of each phylotype, determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, indicated that diterpenoid production was restricted to phylotype A, which included the type specimen S. grandis Gross, and the sole member of the closely related phylotype B. The discovery of two new neoverrucosane diterpenoids produced by phylotype B has also been documented.
Study design in Qualitative research - 1: Developing questions and assessing resource needs

This is the second in a series of four papers on understanding and doing qualitative research [Frankel & Devers (2000) Qualitative research: a consumer's guide, Education for Health, 13, 113-123; Devers & Frankel (2000) Study design in qualitative research--2: sampling and data collection strategies, Education for Health, 13, 263-271]. Here, we focus on problems of study design, including question development, literature review, identifying a target audience and resource needs assessment. We provide a step-by-step description of major issues and choice points in the process. There are three key differences between qualitative and quantitative research designs. First, the logic of qualitative research is often inductive, rather than deductive, and consists of describing people's and groups' particular situations, meanings and experiences. Second, qualitative research designs are often emergent and flexible, and the research itself is quite dynamic. Third, the qualitative research process is non-linear and non-sequential. There is agreement that good qualitative studies answer clearly stated, important research questions. How qualitative research questions are formulated has implications for conducting a literature review. Some scholars believe that literature should be reviewed prior to beginning a study; others argue that this may impede the researcher from truly listening, observing and remaining open to new concepts and ideas. We offer suggestions about formulating research questions and how and when to conduct a literature review. Another important issue in conducting qualitative research is determining the resources that will be needed to conduct a study. These include internal resources, such as research skills, and external resources, such as personnel (expertise and time), equipment, supplies and travel. A description of typical resource and management issues in conducting a qualitative research study is included.
Certain estimation problems for multivariate hypergeometric models

Certain estimation problems associated with the multivariate hypergeometric models: the property of completeness, maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of multivariate negative hypergeometric, multivariate negative inverse hypergeometric, Bayesian estimation of the parameters of multivariate hypergeometric and multivariate inverse hypergeometrics are discussed in this paper. A two stage approach for generating the prior distribution, first by setting up a parametric super population and then choosing a prior distribution is followed. Posterior expectations and variances of certain functions of the parameters of the finite population are provided in cases of direct and inverse sampling procedures. It is shown that under extreme diffuseness of prior knowledge the posterior distribution of the finite population mean has an approximate mean $$\bar x$$ and variance (N-n)S 2/Nn, providing a Bayesian interpretation for the classical unbiased estimates in traditional sample survey theory.
Faculty Member Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Male Counselors in Training: A Social Cognitive Career Theory Perspective

The purpose of this qualitative content analysis was to describe the attitudes and behaviors of U.S. university faculty members (N = 168) who recruit, educate, and develop male students in female-dominated graduate counseling programs. Drawing on social cognitive career theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, and Hackett 1994), we identified three factors (i.e., opportunities, barriers, supports) that potentially influence vocational persistence for U.S. male students planning to enter a female-dominated occupation. The results highlight four distinct educational experiences for male students: leader, stigmatized, invisible, and nurtured. Implications for future research and educational training are discussed.
Pelvic pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as oliguria in a 61-year-old woman.

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are malignant soft-tissue tumors arising from skeletal muscle progenitor cells. They are most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents and are rare in adults. These tumors arise from a variety of anatomical sites, including the head and neck, urogenital tract, and extremities. Classification of RMSs depends on histopathologic and immunohistochemical features. Embryonal and alveolar subtypes are more common in children and adolescents, whereas the pleomorphic subtype is seen almost exclusively in adults. Adult RMS is associated with poor outcomes and high recurrence rate. Because of the low incidence of adult RMS, most published reports of RMS in adults are either case series or retrospective analyses, and most treatment protocols are extrapolated from clinical trials performed in children. The present report describes a 61-year-old woman with RMS whose presentation included atypical symptoms.
Non-barrier contraceptive use and relation to condom use behaviour by partner type among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India

Objective The study assessed non-barrier contraceptive use among female sex workers (FSW) in Andhra Pradesh, India and relation to inconsistent condom use among commercial and non-commercial male sexual partners. Methods FSW at least 18 years of age ( n =2338) were recruited through respondent-driven sampling for an HIV risk survey. Analysis was restricted to women of childbearing age ( n =2197). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess non-barrier contraceptive use and relation to inconsistent condom use with husbands or regular male partners (i.e. non-clients), regular clients and occasional clients. Results Non-barrier methods of contraception included contraceptive pills (3.8%) and sterilisation (68.4%). In logistic regression models adjusted for relevant demographics, FSW using contraceptive pills were more likely to report inconsistent condom use with a regular client (past week) [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.0] and with an occasional client (past week) (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–5.3), as well as accepting more money for sex without a condom (past 30 days) (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5–4.3). No significant associations were found between pill use and inconsistent condom use among women9s non-client partners, potentially related to small sample sizes within these subgroups. Reporting sterilisation, which was more common among FSW who were older in age, was not associated with inconsistent condom use with client or non-client sexual partners. Conclusions Findings document potential unmet need for modern, spacing contraceptives (i.e. pill, intrauterine device), but also indicate the importance for family planning services, particularly those promoting modern contraceptive methods to be provided alongside HIV prevention among FSW in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Intersecting Religioscapes and Antagonistic Tolerance: Trajectories of Competition and Sharing of Religious Spaces in the Balkans

This article analyses patterns of competition between religious groups in urban settings, and empirical indicators of the dominance of one religious community over another, utilising the theoretica...
Metal-insulator transition in SrTi1−xVxO3 thin films

Epitaxial SrTi1−xVxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films were grown on (001)-oriented (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) substrates using the pulsed electron-beam deposition technique. The transport study revealed a temperature driven metal-insulator transition (MIT) at 95 K for x = 0.67. The films with higher vanadium concentration (x > 0.67) were metallic corresponding to a Fermi liquid system. In the insulating phase (x < 0.67), the resistivity behavior was governed by Mott's variable range hopping mechanism. The possible mechanisms for the induced MIT are discussed, including the effects of electron correlation, lattice distortion, and Anderson localization.
A study on blood flow effects with Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography

We study blood flow effects on polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography images and birefringence measurement. Doppler shift and absorption from blood flow through a capillary tube surrounded by birefringent collagen films are recorded and analyzed.
Abstract 2738: c-Met antibody LY2875358 (LA480) has pre-clinical enhanced efficacy with gastric cancer standard-of-carein vitroandin vivo

cMet is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family and is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). cMet has been implicated in the initiation and progression of cancer due to the range of activities that cMet stimulates including proliferation, migration, morphogenesis, and survival. Inappropriate activation of c-Met can be induced by ligand-independent mechanisms such as gene amplification, specific genetic mutations, and transcriptional upregulation, or by ligand-dependent autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Indeed, amplification of the c-Met gene, with consequent protein overexpression and constitutive kinase activation, has been reported in a number of human cancers, including gastric, esophageal and non-small-cell lung carcinomas. It has been reported that ∼10-20% of gastric tumors have increased copy numbers of the MET gene and overexpression of c-Met significantly correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. c-Met antibody LY2875358 treatment reduces proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines with ligand-independent activation of c-Met resulting from gene amplification. The ability of LY2875358 to internalize and deplete cell surface c-Met is implicated in its activity against ligand-independent driven gastric cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that the pre-clinical combination of c-Met antibody LY2875358 with gastric cancer standard-of-care treatment has better efficacy than either treatment alone, both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that LY2875358 in combination with standard-of-care may be a promising treatment for gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2738. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2738
Interception and characterization of catalyst species in rhodium bis(diazaphospholane)-catalyzed hydroformylation of octene, vinyl acetate, allyl cyanide, and 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene.

In the absence of H2, reaction of [Rh(H) (CO)2(BDP)] [BDP = bis(diazaphospholane)] with hydroformylation substrates vinyl acetate, allyl cyanide, 1-octene, and trans-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene at low temperatures and pressures with passive mixing enables detailed NMR spectroscopic characterization of rhodium acyl and, in some cases, alkyl complexes of these substrates. For trans-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, the stable alkyl complex is an η3-allyl complex. Five-coordinate acyl dicarbonyl complexes appear to be thermodynamically preferred over the four-coordinate acyl monocarbonyls at low temperatures and one atmosphere of CO. Under noncatalytic (i.e., no H2 present) reaction conditions, NMR spectroscopy reveals the kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity of linear and branched acyl dicarbonyl formation. Over the range of substrates investigated, the kinetic regioselectivity observed at low temperatures under noncatalytic conditions roughly predicts the regioselectivity observed for catalytic transformations at higher...
Tumor necrosis factor challenges in canines: patterns of cardiovascular dysfunction

Three groups of conscious canines were given different intravenous doses of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) over 1 h, and the resulting cardiovascular abnormalities were examined for 10 days. As TNF dose increased [0 (controls), 30, 60, and 120 micrograms/kg body wt], the number of deaths increased (P less than 0.025; 0 of 6, 1 of 8, 4 of 8, number of deaths in each group, respectively). In all three groups receiving TNF, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 2 h after infusion decreased (P less than 0.003) compared with controls. The group receiving the highest dose of TNF (120 micrograms/kg body wt) had the greatest decrease (P less than 0.05) in LVEF from 0 to 2 h. At 8 h, all three groups receiving TNF had similar LVEF. In these three groups, other multiple measures of LV function at 8 h showed significant and similar decreases in cardiac contractility compared with controls. From 24 to 240 h, however, the time required for cardiac performance (LVEF) to return to normal was dose dependent (30 less than 60 less than 120 micrograms/kg body wt; P less than 0.05). Canines receiving the lowest dose of TNF had near normal cardiac function (LVEF) at 24 h, whereas canines receiving the highest dose had persistent cardiac abnormalities at 240 h. Thus, at 8 h, the severity of cardiac dysfunction is independent of TNF dose, but the rate of onset and the duration of cardiac abnormality are markedly dependent of dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Renal effects of atrial natriuretic factor are independent of dopamine1 receptors.

This study examined whether the renal effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) are mediated by dopamine1 (DA1) receptor activation. Intravenous infusion of low-dose ANF (0.0025 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) in euvolemic, pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized male mongrel dogs enhanced urine flow (V) by 71 +/- 14% (mean +/- SE) and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) by 457 +/- 172% (P less than 0.05). Renal blood flow (RBF) was unchanged. Administration of pharmacological doses of ANF (0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) into the renal artery in volume-expanded dogs increased RBF by 26 +/- 6, V by 56 +/- 15, and UNaV by 101 +/- 42%. The selective DA1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 (0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1 iv) did not affect the response to ANF at either dose. The selective DA1 agonist, fenoldopam, increased RBF by 45 +/- 3, V by 94 +/- 27, and UNaV by 61 +/- 15% in volume-expanded dogs. With SCH-23390, fenoldopam increased RBF by only 16 +/- 6% whereas V and UNaV decreased by 16 +/- 10 and 17 +/- 10%, respectively. Accordingly, the failure of DA1 receptor-blocking doses of SCH-23390 to antagonize the response to ANF, at pharmacological or physiological doses, indicates that the renal effects of ANF, in the dog, are independent of DA1 receptor activation.
Erratum to: Statistical characterization of heat release rates from electrical enclosure fires for nuclear power plant applications

Since the publication of NUREG/CR-6850/EPRI 1011989 in 2005, the US nuclear industry has sought to re-evaluate the default peak heat release rates (HRRs) for electrical enclosure fires typically used as fire modeling inputs to support fire probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs), considering them too conservative. HRRs are an integral part of the fire phenomenological modeling phase of a fire PRA, which consists of identifying fire scenarios which can damage equipment or hinder human actions necessary to prevent core damage. Fire ignition frequency, fire growth and propagation, fire detection and suppression, and mitigating equipment and actions to prevent core damage in the event fire damage still occurred are all parts of a fire PRA. The fire growth and propagation phase incorporates fire phenomenological modeling where HRRs have a key effect. A major effort by the Electric Power Research Institute and Science Applications International Corporation in 2012 was not endorsed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for use in risk-informed, regulatory applications. Subsequently the NRC, in conjunction with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, conducted a series of tests for representative nuclear power plant electrical enclosure fires designed to definitively establish more realistic peak HRRs for these often important contributors to fire risk. The results from these tests are statistically analyzed to develop two probabilistic distributions for peak HRR per unit mass of fuel that refine the values from NUREG/CR-6850, thereby providing a fairly simple means by which to estimate peak HRRs from electrical enclosure fires for fire modeling in support of fire PRA. Unlike NUREG/CR-6850, where five different distributions are provided, or NUREG-2178, which now provides 31, the peak HRRs for electrical enclosure fires can be characterized by only two distributions. These distributions depend only on the type of cable, namely qualified versus unqualified, for which the mean peak HRR per unit mass is 11.3 and 23.2 kW/kg, respectively, essentially a factor of two difference. Two-sided, 90th percentile confidence bounds are 0.0915 to 41.2 kW/kg for qualified cables, and 0.0272 to 95.9 kW/kg for unqualified cables. From the mean (~70th percentile) upward, the peak HRR/kg for unqualified cables is roughly twice that for qualified, increasing slightly with higher percentile, an expected phenomenological trend. Simulations using variable fuel loadings are performed to demonstrate how the results from this analysis may be used for nuclear power plant applications.
Logistic regression analysis of Pierre Robin sequence patients requiring surgical intervention.

Objectives/Hypothesis Determine predictive patient characteristics that guide the decision to proceed with surgical management of tongue-based airway obstruction (TBAO) in Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) patients. Study Design Retrospective review of PRS patients between 2005 and 2014 requiring observation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Patient charts were reviewed for prenatal diagnoses, clinical course, and need for surgical intervention (tracheotomy or mandibular distraction osteogenesis), and the nonsurgical and surgical group were compared with a logistic regression model. Results Thirty-eight PRS patients who were identified with TBAO and required NICU observation had an average follow-up of 5.4 years. Associated anomalies identified in the PRS patients included neurologic disease (n = 6), renal abnormalities (n = 5), limb abnormalities (n = 4), and cardiac abnormalities (n = 12). Nonsurgical management of PRS TBAO included side (n = 12)/stomach positioning (n = 15), oral airway (n = 6), nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) (n = 14), and intubation (n = 12). Surgical intervention occurred in 13 patients, with tracheotomy in eight due to unstable airway, and mandible distraction in five due to NPA dependence. Factors with significant uncontrolled correlations with the need for surgical airways included presence of cardiac disease (P = .03), cardiac disease severity (P = .03), neurologic disease (P = .01), and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) use (P = .006). Further, stepwise regression showed strong predictive value for CPAP/BiPAP use (odds ratio [OR]: 10.43) and presence of neurological disease (OR: 9.16). PRS TBAO patients required multiple modalities of noninvasive surgical intervention to stabilize their airway. Conclusions This study identified patient characteristics predictive of progression to a surgical airway to address TBAO, which may decrease healthcare utilization and improve quality of life for these families. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 127:945–949, 2017
The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Children’s Educational Achievement in the Korean Immigrant Family

This study investigates the relationship between parental involvement and children’s educational achievement in the Korean American family. The primary purposes are to examine the extent and charac...
Dynamics in a Water Interfacial Boundary Layer Investigated with IR Polarization-Selective Pump–Probe Experiments

The dynamics of water molecules near the surfactant interface in large Aerosol-OT reverse micelles (RMs) (w0 = 16–25) was investigated with IR polarization-selective pump–probe experiments using the SeCN– anion as a vibrational probe. Linear absorption spectra of RMs (w0 = 25–2) can be decomposed into the weighted sum of the SeCN– spectra in bulk water and the spectrum of the SeCN– anion interacting with the interfacial sulfonate head groups (w0 = 1). The spectra of the large RMs, w0 ≥ 16, are overwhelmingly dominated by the bulk water component. Anisotropy decays (orientational relaxation) of the anion for w0 ≥ 16 displayed bulk water relaxation (1.4 and 4.5 ps) plus an additional slow decay with a time constant of ∼13 ps. The amplitude of the slow decay was too large to be associated with SeCN– in contact with the interface on the basis of the linear spectrum decomposition. The results indicate that the observed slow components arise from SeCN– in a water boundary layer, in which water molecules are per...
Towards Understanding and Managing Sustainable Complex, Dynamic Environmental/Economic/Social Systems—The Evolving Role of the Natural Sciences

Disclaimer : Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position and policies of the US EPA.
Digitally Barcoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveals In Vivo Infection Dynamics in the Macaque Model of Tuberculosis

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes a spectrum of outcomes; the majority of individuals contain but do not eliminate the infection, while a small subset present with primary active tuberculosis (TB) disease. This variability in infection outcomes is recapitulated at the granuloma level within each host, such that some sites of infection can be fully cleared while others progress. Understanding the spectrum of TB outcomes requires new tools to deconstruct the mechanisms underlying differences in granuloma fate. Here, we use novel genome-encoded barcodes to uniquely tag individual M. tuberculosis bacilli, enabling us to quantitatively track the trajectory of each infecting bacterium in a macaque model of TB. We also introduce a robust bioinformatics pipeline capable of identifying and counting barcode sequences within complex mixtures and at various read depths. By coupling this tagging strategy with serial positron emission tomography coregistered with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of lung pathology in macaques, we define a lesional map of M. tuberculosis infection dynamics. We find that there is no significant infection bottleneck, but there are significant constraints on productive bacterial trafficking out of primary granulomas. Our findings validate our barcoding approach and demonstrate its utility in probing lesion-specific biology and dissemination. This novel technology has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of local dynamics in tuberculosis.IMPORTANCE Classically, M. tuberculosis infection was thought to result in either latent infection or active disease. More recently, the field has recognized that there is a spectrum of M. tuberculosis infection clinical outcomes. Within a single host, this spectrum is recapitulated at the granuloma level, where there can simultaneously be lesional sterilization and poorly contained disease. To better understand the lesional biology of TB infection, we digitally barcoded M. tuberculosis to quantitatively track the fate of each infecting bacterium. By combining this technology with serial PET-CT imaging, we can dynamically track both bacterial populations and granuloma trajectories. We demonstrate that there is little constraint on the bacterial population at the time of infection. However, the granuloma imposes a strong bottleneck on dissemination, and the subset of granulomas at risk of dissemination can be distinguished by physical features.
Pharmacological considerations in the elderly.

Purpose of review This review discusses the pharmacology of contemporary anesthetic medications in geriatric patients, neurophysiological changes with aging, current recommendations for dosing anesthetic drugs. It also addresses current practice patterns and ongoing studies, which are likely to affect future anesthetic drug management in the elderly. Recent findings Potency of anesthetic drugs is increased in the elderly. In addition to changes at the receptor level, neurophysiological changes in functional connectivity with aging contributes to increased sensitivity of anesthetic drugs. However, the extent of reduction is underappreciated by the practitioners and dose adjustment is not uniformly applied in practice. Large database studies demonstrate association of short-term intraoperative hypotension and CNS depression, to poor perioperative outcomes. These perturbations are probably of greater consequence in frail, elderly patients with reduced reserves. Summary Anesthetic dosing should be more closely age-adjusted to prevent anesthetic-induced hypotension and increased depth of anesthesia in the elderly. Pharmacologic studies are required in the elderly population (>80 years).
Suicide Attempts in Michigan HealthCare System; Racial Differences.

Background. Community-based studies have documented racial differences in social, psychiatric, and medical determinants of suicidal ideation; however, less is known about racial differences in the profile of suicide attempts in clinical settings. Aim. The current study aimed to compare Blacks and Whites who attempted suicide for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, medical history, psychiatric disorders, and outcomes. Methods. This retrospective study was a retrospective chart review of DataDirect, which is an electronic data repository of the Michigan Health Care System, 2014 to 2017. This analysis included 6147 suicide attempts (5388 Whites and 759 Blacks). Race, sociodemographic factors, medical history, psychiatric disorders, and outcomes were measured. Results. Blacks and Whites with suicide attempt did not differ in age or gender, but varied by insurance type. Blacks were more commonly under Medicare and Medicaid, while Whites were more commonly under private insurance or self-pay (p < 0.05). Blacks with suicide attempt were more likely to be obese, while Whites with suicide attempt were more likely to be underweight. Frequency of psychiatric disorders, including depression, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and psychosis, were not different between Whites and Blacks with suicide attempt; however, medical conditions showed a different profile across racial groups. When compared to Whites, Blacks had higher prevalence of uncomplicated hypertension, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coagulopathy, and obesity (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In contrast, Whites had higher prevalence of other neurological disorders than Blacks. There were no differences in in-patient survival rate between Whites and Blacks who attempted suicide. Conclusion. There are considerable differences between Blacks and Whites with at least one suicide attempt. Although their psychiatric diagnoses seem to be similar, Blacks who have attempted suicide attempt have more medical comorbidities than their White counterparts. Lack of racial disparities in in-patient mortality rate of suicide attempts in the Michigan Health Care System is promising news given the higher physical health needs of Blacks when compared to Whites.
On the Origin of Gliders

Using a glider in the Game of Life cellular automaton as a toy model, we explore how questions of origins might be approached from the perspective of autopoiesis. Specifically, we examine how the d...
The Holocaust and German-Jewish Culture in Exile

This article analyses the specific contribution of the German-Jewish exiles to the interpretation of the Holocaust during and immediately after the Second World War. Focusing on the political philosophies of Hannah Arendt, Gunther Anders, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, it underlines their immediate reaction to an event practically ignored by the great majority of Western observers during the 1940s and 1950s. This silence was grounded on many elements, among which were the persistence of anti-Semitism and the fact that the singularity of the Jewish genocide was hidden by the general violence of the war. As ‘freefloating’ intellectuals (following the classical definition by Karl Mannheim), the exiles escaped the constraints of national contexts and broke the silence. Their ‘epistemological privilege’ was a product of their social and cultural position as outsiders.