cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conductive Graphene Fibers for Wire-Shaped Supercapacitors Strengthened by Unfunctionalized Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Graphene fibers are a promising electrode material for wire-shaped supercapacitors (WSSs) that can be woven into textiles for future wearable electronics. However, the main concern is their high linear resistance, which could be effectively decreased by the addition of highly conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs). During the incorporation process, CNTs are typically preoxidized by acids or dispersed by surfactants, which deteriorates their electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, unfunctionalized few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) were directly dispersed in graphene oxide (GO) without preoxidation or surfactants, allowing them to maintain their high conductivity and perfect structure, and then used to prepare CNT-reduced GO (RGO) composite fibers by wet-spinning followed by reduction. The pristine FWNTs increased the stress strength of the parent RGO fibers from 193.3 to 385.7 MPa and conductivity from 53.3 to 210.7 S cm–1. The wire-shaped supercapacitors (WSSs) assembled based on these CNT-RGO fibers ...
Monolithically integrated semiconductor active and passive optical waveguide devices grown by selective epitaxy

We report on a low-cost monolithic integration method for fabricating semiconductor photonic integrated circuits using selective epitaxy without regrowth. To build a photonic circuit, active and passive devices are required with different energy band gaps. Selective-area growth that uses a mask of parallel SiO2 strips on a substrate induces variations in epilayer thickness and composition that result in localized shifts of the band gap. From our photoluminescence measurements on such selectively grown InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well-waveguide materials, a band gap shift above 100 meV has been observed. We developed a waveguide device processing technique for this kind of selective epitaxy material. A few combinations of integrated waveguide splitters, modulators, and amplifiers were designed and fabricated. To test each individual device, we designed a new measurement method which determines the insertion loss and the intrinsic waveguide loss for a device in the middle of an integrated system. Preliminary results indicate few dB gain for a 0.6 mm long amplifier and approximately 10 dB contrast for a modulator operating near 1550 nm. Based on the initial data, new quantum well layer and waveguide structures have been designed to improve the performance in our next-generation devices.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Running algorithms efficiently on faulty hypercubes (extended abstract)

We examine the issue of running algorithms with a constant factor slowdown on a faulty hypercube in a worst case scenario. We present two sets of novel results related to this issue. We first consider edge faults and show how to tolerate faults with a constant factor slow-down in communication and no slowdown in computation. The key to our approach is an efficient method for embedding a fault free Cube Connected Cycles (CCC) graph in the faulty hypercube. Using this embedding we can run ascend-descend algorithms (such as bitonic sort) on the faulty hypercube by implementing them on the embedded CCC. We then consider hypercubes with both edge and node faults. We prove that for any constant c there exists a fault-free subgraph of an n-dimensional hypercube with nc faulty components that can implement a large class of hypercube algorithms with only a constant factor slowdown. To the best of our knowledge, this result is the first in which a hypercube can tolerate more than O(n) faults in the worst case sense.
The Classification of Residence in Censuses

or ideal pattern of a whole society, (2) to classify the varying forms of residence of a series of married couples, or (3) to classify the residence forms of individuals, whether married or not. Thus in an ethnography one might encounter statements "Residence in this society is normally avunculocal" or "My informant and his wife lived avunculocally" or "My (male unmarried) informant lived avunculocally." Probably we all feel we understand what is meant by any of these statements. They would apply to a society where adult men typically live with their mother's brother and other male matrilineal (uterine) relatives, and where married women live with their husbands, along with their young children. We can readily take into consideration the fact that in "avunculocal" residence a married woman is living with her husband (and his mother's brother) rather than with her own uncle, or that small children are living with their parents (and their father's mother's brother), again rather than with their own uncle. These logical discrepancies do not at first glance appear to require revision of a widely used and seemingly practical typology of residence. However, as shown below, in those societies where circumstances may produce individual alternatives to the dominant residence pattern, a number of anomalous types of residence arise for individuals and couples. In reporting numerical frequencies of residence types, ethnographers have been faced with the problem of assimilating these unnamed types to one of the recognized dominant types. It would appear that different ethnographers have tried a variety of solutions to the problem of classifying anomalous types of residence, and that accordingly a wide range of ambiguity exists in most published statistical reports of incidence of residence types-for statistical reports are most commonly given when there is some variety of residence type in a community. An example of such an ambiguity reported by Ward Goodenough for Truk will illustrate the potentiality for confusion (Goodenough 1956). Goodenough's paper was inspired by an apparent disagreement with my report on the incidence of forms of residence on the island of Romonum in Truk Lagoon (Fischer 1950). We both based our statements on what purported to be census figures for all married couples on the island, mine being obtained three years after Goodenough's. In spite of the short time interval, the reported incidence of
A spatial interaction model for the allocation of higher education enrollments

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the results of research efforts in developing an enrollment forecasting system for the State of Ohio's higher education system. The model constructed employs the concept of spatial interaction in attempting to determine the “market share” which each of the 60 competing public colleges would be able to attract each year. An analogy is drawn between the educational process of college selection and the attraction to shopping centers of residents in surrounding communities. The article also addresses itself to the subjects of data bases, cost function development and the forecasting of actual enrollments at each rank for each institution.
Finite Element Modeling and Simulation Analysis of a Portable Roll-Up Sign

Although a large number of crash tests have been performed between passenger cars and rigid fixed traffic signs, the number of real tests focusing on crashworthiness of portable roll-up signs is still limited. Because a standard, portable roll-up sign contains at least three kinds of dissimilar materials, such as steel for the base, fiberglass for the batten, vinyl for the sign, and because the sign’s configuration is more complicated than a rigid fixed sign, it is important to simulate the behavior of portable roll-up signs in collision. In this paper, a fine-mesh finite element model precisely representing the portable roll-up sign was created and used together with a car model to simulate the process of impact with 0 and 90 degree orientation. The simulation was performed using LS-DYNA software. Techniques for creating the finite element model were discussed. Afterwards this finite element model, being validated and verified through real tests, can be used for parametric and/or robust design.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Multitarget tracking with HRR wavelets features

This paper presents an algorithm for multitarget tracking using wavelets features, which effectively combines information from both high resolution range (HRR) profiles and ground moving target indication (GMTI) radar reports. With assistance of HRR wavelets features, a GMTI tracker based on a probabilistic data association logic can effectively track ground moving targets in confusing scenarios.
A Reconstructed Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Compressible Euler Equations on Arbitrary Grids

A reconstruction-based discontinuous Galerkin (RDG) method is presented for the solution of the compressible Euler equations on arbitrary grids. By taking advantage of handily available and yet invaluable information, namely the derivatives, in the context of the discontinuous Galerkin methods, a polynomial solution of one degree higher is reconstructed using a least-squares method. The stencils used in the reconstruction involve only the von Neumann neighborhood (face-neighboring cells) and are compact and consistent with the underlying DG method. The resulting RDG method can be regarded as an improvement of a recovery-based DG method, in the sense that it shares the same nice features, such as high accuracy and efficiency, and yet overcomes some of its shortcomings such as a lack of flexibility, compactness, and robustness. The developed RDG method is used to compute a variety of flow problems on arbitrary meshes to demonstrate its accuracy, efficiency, robustness, and versatility. The numerical results demonstrate that this RDG method is third-order accurate at a cost slightly higher than its underlying second-order DG method, at the same time providing a better performance than the third order DG method, in terms of both computing costs and storage requirements.
Health coaching to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors: an integrative review.

Abstract Objective: Chronic diseases account for 70% of U.S. deaths. Health coaching may help patients adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors that prevent and control diseases. This integrative review analyzed health coaching studies for evidence of effectiveness and to identify key program features. Data Source: Multiple electronic databases were utilized, yielding a final sample of 15 documents. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: The search was limited to peer-reviewed research articles published between 1999 and 2008. Studies were further analyzed if they (1) specifically cited coaching as a program intervention, and (2) applied the intervention to research. Data Extraction: Articles describing various quantitative and qualitative methodologies were critically analyzed using a systematic method. Data Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a matrix format according to purpose, method, intervention, findings, critique, and quality rating. Results: All 15 studies utilized nonprobability sampling, 7 (47%) ...
Optoelectronic detectors and receivers: speed and sensitivity limits

This invited paper first reviews the recent advances in the area of photodetectors and optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receivers for the preferred 1.55 /spl mu/m light-wave fiber-optic communication links. The m-s-m (metal-semiconductor-metal) and the p-i-n photodetectors are based on lattice-matched InGaAs photoabsorption layers on semi-insulating InP substrates, and the receiver integrates one of these photodetectors with a low-pass high bandwidth amplifier based on either compatible heterostructure bipolar or field-effect transistors (HBTs or HFETs) and passive resistors. The primary focus of this paper is on: (a) the theoretical and experimental results identifying the high-frequency limits of different types of photodetectors, (b) an optimized design approach to p/sup +/(n/sup -/)p/sup +//HBT and n/sup +/(p/sup -/)n/sup +//HFET OEIC transimpedance receivers with flat frequency response, and (c) their speed and sensitivity limits in the presence of the background device and circuit noise, and the inter-symbol interference (ISI). The transit-time limited frequency response of the photodetectors is found to be directly proportional to the slower hole carrier effective velocity, and inversely proportional to the effective separation of the detector's electrodes. For m-s-m photodetectors with metallization width and separation of 0.25 /spl mu/m, and for vertical p-i-n photodiodes with 0.2 /spl mu/m electrode separation the 3-dB bandwidth limits of both devices are found to be approximately 80 GHz. Similar frequency limits can be obtained from IC compatible p/sup +/(n/sup -/)p/sup +/ or n/sup +/(p/sup -/)n/sup +/ surface-oriented lateral photodetectors. When these detectors are integrated together with compatible transistors having comparable current gain cut-off frequency (f/sub c/), either in p/sup +/(n/sup -/)p/sup +//HBT or n/sup +/(p/sup -/)n/sup +//HFET OEIC receivers with optimized transimpedance (/spl cong/1.5 k/spl Omega/), the expected bit-rate and sensitivity limits are shown to exceed 31 Gb/s and -22 dBm, respectively.
A token-based greedy chain scheduling algorithm (T-GCSA) for situation aware wireless LANs

Proposes a media access control (MAC) protocol for situation aware, long range wireless local area networks (LANs) consisting of highly mobile nodes. We choose to schedule node transmissions instead of using contention-based protocols for accessing the channel. This approach is attractive for improving the performance of wireless LANs with long propagation delays. An example of such wireless LANs is a set of planes in a range of hundred miles with radio communications. The problem with contention-based MAC protocols is that each node has to wait for the maximum propagation delay (from one end of the coverage area to the other), before it can decide whether the channel is free or the previous node had no packet to transmit. We propose an "educated" token-based adaptive algorithm that schedules individual node transmissions in a way that minimizes the total propagation delay for each round, based on global location information (obtained, for example, using GPS). This way, nodes that are near one another are also adjacent in the schedule, and therefore have to wait significantly less time before they can decide whether it's safe to transmit or not.
Content and hierarchy in pixel-based methods for reverse engineering interface structure

The rigidity and fragmentation of GUI toolkits are fundamentally limiting the progress and impact of interaction research. Pixel-based methods offer unique potential for addressing these challenges independent of the implementation of any particular interface or toolkit. This work builds upon Prefab, which enables the modification of existing interfaces. We present new methods for hierarchical models of complex widgets, real-time interpretation of interface content, and real-time interpretation of content and hierarchy throughout an entire interface. We validate our new methods through implementations of four applications: stencil-based tutorials, ephemeral adaptation, interface translation, and end-user interface customization. We demonstrate these enhancements in complex existing applications created from different user interface toolkits running on different operating systems.
Carving up the Commons: How Software Patents Are Impacting Our Digital Composition Environments

Since the 1980s, there has been a general trend in U.S. courts to allow certain aspects of software programs to be patented. Digital composition scholars and teachers are indirectly affected by these decisions through the software environments in which we compose but we are also directly affected through our increasingly code-based methods of composition. Just as we can no longer limit our study of writing to text, we can no longer limit our considerations of intellectual property law to the copyright that governs text. Here I examine arguments forwarded by legal scholars and programmers against software patents; these analyses offer not only a convincing critique of the patent system, but also imply that our legal system should treat code more like writing than engineering. An exploration of the software patent debate, then, opens code up for further study in the field of computers and composition.
Simulation of Regional Freight Movement with Trade and Transportation Multinetworks

A simulation model called Trade and Transportation Multinetworks (TTMNet), constructed for the purpose of studying the effects of highly developed information technologies and logistic strategies (e.g., electronic commerce and real-time information) on freight transportation, is described. TTMNet is formulated as a multilevel product supply chain system that integrates the financial, informational, logistical, and physical aspects of transportation networks and allows interactions between each of these networks. Several simulators, including a freight traffic simulator, a supply chain decision-making simulator, and a pseudo-real-time information simulator, are involved. The freight traffic simulation is the focus of the present study. As part of this simulator, a learning model is set up to help decision makers estimate transportation costs on the basis of past experiences. Given the stochastic nature of these transportation costs and of the freight demands simulated by the system, the route for an origin-destination shipment may not remain optimal during a trip and may change along the way. A vehicle redirection procedure that handles this is presented. A numerical example is designed to compare a set of freight movements under two scenarios, one supported by and the other not supported by pseudo-real-time information on traffic conditions.
Organizing for sustainability

A successful campus sustainability effort catalyzes broad engagement of the campus community and integration of sustainability principles into the academic and operational components of campus life.
Physical aging in amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate): Enthalpic recovery, density, and oxygen transport considerations

The current work utilizes three separate techniques to study the physical aging process in amorphous poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF), which is a recently introduced engineering thermoplastic with enhanced properties compared to petroleum-sourced poly(ethylene terephthalate). Differential scanning calorimetry aging experiments were conducted at multiple aging temperatures and times, and the resultant enthalpic recovery values compared to the theoretical maximum enthalpy loss evaluated from calculations involving extrapolation of the equilibrium liquid line. Density measurements reveal densification of the matrix for the aged versus unaged samples, and provide an estimate for the reduction in free volume for the aged samples. Complementary oxygen permeation and pressure-decay sorption experiments provide independent verification of the free volume reduction mechanism for physical aging in glassy polymers. The current work provides the first detailed aging study for PEF. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 389–399
The neuro-ophthalmology of head trauma

Summary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Concussion, a form of mild TBI, might be associated with long-term neurological symptoms. The effects of TBI and concussion are not restricted to cognition and balance. TBI can also affect multiple aspects of vision; mild TBI frequently leads to disruptions in visual functioning, while moderate or severe TBI often causes structural lesions. In patients with mild TBI, there might be abnormalities in saccades, pursuit, convergence, accommodation, and vestibulo-ocular reflex. Moderate and severe TBI might additionally lead to ocular motor palsies, optic neuropathies, and orbital pathologies. Vision-based testing is vital in the management of all forms of TBI and provides a sensitive approach for sideline or post-injury concussion screening. One sideline test, the King-Devick test, uses rapid number naming and has been tested in multiple athlete cohorts.
GENETICS OF A HIGH-LATITUDE CRYPTIC SPECIATION EVENT: AMERICAN AND PACIFIC GOLDEN-PLOVERS

ABSTRACT Diversification during the Pleistocene is thought to have contributed significantly to taxonomic diversity at high latitudes. In some cases this diversity is cryptic, in that speciation has occurred with little change in phenotype. We examined the genetic signatures of one such case, between American and Pacific golden-plovers (Pluvialis dominica and P. fulva, respectively). This high-latitude species pair is morphologically very similar, and they are obligate long-distance migrants. They were only relatively recently recognized as separate species. We used 1,041 bp of the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) from 20 dominica and 22 fulva and 242 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) from 29 individuals of each species sampled from sympatric and allopatric breeding populations to assess the levels of divergence, divergence date, and gene flow. A divergence date of ∼1.8 mya was estimated, and although we detected a seemingly old hybridization event, very little gene flow...
Average outage duration of multiuser wireless communication systems with a minimum signal power requirement

This paper deals with the average outage duration (AOD) of wireless communication systems subject to cochannel interference. In particular, it presents closed-form expressions for the AOD when a minimum desired signal power requirement is specified for satisfactory reception. The results are quite general and account for systems operating over Rician and/or Nakagami fading environments. When applicable, these new expressions are compared to those previously reported in the literature dealing with the AOD of (i) interference-limited systems when both the desired and interfering signals are subject to Rayleigh type of fading and (ii) power-limited systems operating over Rician or Nakagami fading channels. Corresponding numerical examples that illustrate applications of the results are also provided and discussed. These results show that specifying a certain minimum desired signal power requirement induces a floor on the AOD. They also show that the AOD is essentially affected by the the maximum Doppler frequencies (or equivalently the speed) of the desired users.
Numerical Simulations of Heat Transfer in Taylor-Couette Flow

Numerical simulations have been performed to study the effects of the gravitational and the centrifugal potentials on the stability of heated, incompressible Taylor-Couette flow. The flow is confined between two differentially heated, concentric cylinders, and the inner cylinder is allowed to rotate. The Navier-Stokes equations and the coupled energy equation are solved using a spectral method. To validate the code, comparisons are made with existing linear stability analysis and with experiments. The code is used to calculate the local and average heat transfer coefficients for a fixed Reynolds number (Re = 100) and a range of Grashof numbers. The investigation is primarily restricted to radius ratios 0.5 and 0. 7 for fluids with Prandtl number of about 0.7. The variation of the local coefficients of heat transfer on the cylinder surface is investigated, and maps showing different stable states of the flow are presented. Results are also presented in terms of the equivalent conductivity, and show that heat transfer decreases with Grashof number in axisymmetric Taylor vortex flow regime, and increases with Grashof number after the flow becomes nonaxisymmetric
Transcutaneous directional flow detection: a preliminary report.

Abstract The application of a new transcutaneous directional ultrasonic velocity detector has been described. This new device permits the simultaneous recording of forward and reverse flow in the arterial and venous system at any level through the intact skin. The potential for this instrument in clinical research has been described.
Flexible Semiconductor Manufacturing

The sections in this article are 1 Flexible Automation and Semiconductor Manufacturing 2 Theory and Current Industry Practice 3 Design Methodologies and Performance Evaluation 4 Evaluation and Future Research 5 Additional Information Keywords: semiconductor manufacturing; flexible manufacturing; flexible automation; re-entrant flow; manufacturing performance
Low and high frequency waves generated by gyrophase bunched ions at oblique shocks

The interaction of the solar wind with gyrophase bunched ions reflected at an oblique (ΘBn = 45°) shock ( MA=8) is simulated using a 1D hybrid code. These ions are unstable to low frequency hydromagnetic waves as well as whistler waves. At some point in the hydromagnetic wave growth ion trapping occurs which restricts the local distribution in gyrophase to a higher degree than the input distribution. Given the growth rate of the MHD waves, gyrophase mixing is ineffective in isotropising the ions, except at the leading edge of the injected distribution.
Distributed Process Integration: Experiences and Opportunities for Future Research

There is a need for new information technology solutions that can help automate process coordination and integration tasks among enterprises. In this paper we describe the development of a simple process connector to link two scheduling applications. We describe specific challenges that we faced when building our prototype connector, especially in light of different levels of detail and constraints that must be propagated across the processes. We also report on some of the lessons learned from implementing our prototype and identify opportunities for future research. Our prototype and examples are specific to the construction domain but our results can be applied to process integration in other domains.
HIV Treatment in African Americans: Challenges and Opportunities:

Although African Americans represent only 12% of the U.S. population, they represent almost 38% of the AIDS cases reported in the United States (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2002a). Men who have sex with men and men who report injection drug use represent more than 70% of the cases in men (CDC, 2002b); women who report injecting street drugs account for more than 40% of the cumulative AIDS cases in women with an additional 38% of cases attributed to heterosexual contact (CDC, 2002b). It is widely accepted that early and aggressive treatment for HIV infection has resulted in improved survival as well as a better quality of life than had been reported
New method for quantum reactive scattering, with applications to the 3-D H+H2 reaction

Abstract A method for earring out quantum-mechanical scattering calculations ( J. Chem. Phys. 86 (1987) 6213) is successfully applied to 3-D H + H 2 reactive scattering. This new method (essentially the Kohn variational method, but applied directly to the S -matrix rather than to the K -matrix) is general, straightforward, variationally stable, and applies equally well to reactive (i.e., rearrangement) and non-reactive scattering process. Its most important practical feature, compared to other similar basis-set approaches, is that it requires matrix elements only of the Hamiltonian operator itself and not those involving the scattering Green's function of some reference problem. Our calculations show that the method is numerically stable within a broad range of energies and converges fast with respect to basis set and numerical parameters. The method allows the use of a flexible distortion potential and contracted basis functions. Due to its generality and straightforwardness, the method is potentially powerful for studying more complex reactive systems beyond atom/diatom reactive scattering.
Reduced‐order steady‐state and dynamic models for separation processes. Part II. Application to nonlinear multicomponent systems

In Part I, a novel method for reducing the order of models for countercurrent staged separation systems was presented. In this paper, the method is applied to the modeling and simulation of nonlinear multicomponent distillation systems. Some additional properties of the model reduction procedure are derived. The accuracy of the approximation is established by comparison of the steady-state profiles and transient responses to that of rigorous dynamic models. The results indicate that the proposed technique is an effective way of reducing the number of equations needed to model stagewise multicomponent separation systems.
Elevated incidence of fractures in women with invasive breast cancer

Summary This study evaluates the incidence of bone fractures in women with BC.We found that women with invasive breast cancer are at an increased risk for bone fractures, with fractures most commonly occurring at lower extremity and vertebral sites. The risk is further increased in women undergoing cancer therapy.
Mutational Analysis in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer and Correlations with Age, Ethnicity, and Clinical Presentation.

Background: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) incidence in pediatrics is rising, most being papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of different mutations in pediatric WDTC and correlate the genotype with the clinical phenotype. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study. Thyroid tissue blocks from 42 consecutive pediatric WDTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2001 and 2013 were analyzed at Quest Diagnostics for BRAFV600E, RAS mutations (N,K,H), and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements, using validated molecular methods. Thyroid carcinomas included PTC, follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC). Results: Thirty-nine samples (29 females) were genotyped. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.7 years (range 7.9–18.4 years), and most were Hispanic (56.4%) or Caucasian (35.9%). The mean follow-up period was 2.9 years. Mutations were noted in 21/39 (53.8%), with both BRAFV600E (n = 9), and RET/PTC (n = 6...
Expectancy and Achievement Gaps in Educational Attainment and Subsequent Adverse Health Effects Among Adolescents With and Without Chronic Medical Conditions.

Abstract Purpose While education-based disparities in health are common, the extent to which chronic conditions contribute to education gaps and to consequent health disparities is not fully understood. As such, we sought to investigate educational aspirations, expectations, and attainment among youth with and without chronic conditions and to determine if these relationships mediated subsequent disparities in health and well-being. Methods Longitudinal data on 3,518 youths are from the 1997–2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a population-based survey. Multivariate regression was used to assess disparities in educational aspirations, expectations, and attainment by chronic conditions and the subsequent effects on health and well-being, adjusting for important potential confounders. Results Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMCs) did not report significantly lower educational aspirations than their healthy peers; however, YCMC reported lower expectations for their educational attainment and fewer YCMC had earned their desired degree by the end of follow-up (e.g., ≥bachelor's degree: 19.9% for YCMC vs. 26.0% for peers, p Conclusions Findings suggest an important risk mechanism through which YCMC may acquire socioeconomic disadvantage as they develop and progress through educational settings. Disproportionate lags in education, from expectation to attainment, may in turn increase YCMC's susceptibility to poor health and well-being in the future.
Adult Influence on the Participation of Peers Without Disabilities in Peer Support Programs

Three peers without disabilities who volunteered to serve as peer supports and were identified by general education teachers as having academic difficulties were studied across three conditions. In baseline, a peer without disabilities worked alone, while the student with severe disabilities was supervised by an adult. In the Peer Support condition, peers without disabilities worked with the student with severe disabilities, and both individuals were supervised by an adult. In the Adult Involvement condition, peers without disabilities were supervised by an adult as in the Peer Support condition, but peers worked separately from the student with severe disabilities. Dependent measures included the active engagement of peers without disabilities and students with severe disabilities, and social interactions between students and peers. Our data indicate that the Peer Support and Adult Involvement conditions resulted in higher, but similar, levels of active engagement for two of three peers without disabilities when compared to baseline. For the third peer, high levels of active engagement occurred across all conditions. Active engagement varied across students with severe disabilities, but was typically highest in conditions where peers without disabilities were involved. For all students with severe disabilities, social interactions were more frequent and longer in the Peer Support condition.
Quantitative imaging of the microbubble concentrations by using an in-line phase contrast tomosynthesis prototype: a preliminary phantom study

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of using a high-energy in-line phase contrast tomosynthesis system to quantitatively imaging microbubbles in a tissue simulating phantom under a limited radiation dose. The imaging system used in the investigation was a bench top in-line phase contrast tomosynthesis prototype operated under 120 kVp tube voltage and 0.5 mA tube current. A prime beam filter made of 2.3 mm Cu, 0.8 mm Pb and 1.0 mm Al was employed to obtain as large as possible portion of x-ray photon energy higher than 60 keV. The tissue simulating phantom was built by three acrylic slabs and a wax slab to mimic a 40 mm thick compressed breast. There were two tiny-sized structures with average 1 mm depth engraved on the two different layers. The microbubble suspensions with different concentrations were injected into those tiny structures. The inline phase contrast angular projections acquired were used to reconstruct the in-plane slices of the tiny structures on different layers. The CNRs vs microbubble concentrations were investigated. As the result, the microbubble suspensions were clearly visible, showing higher CNR when compared with the areas with no microbubble. Furthermore, a monotonously increasing relation between CNRs and microbubble concentrations was observed after calculating the area CNR of the phase contrast tomosynthesis slices.
A New Pillar in Pilus Assembly

Pilus assembly in bacteria typically occurs by one of four pathways. In the study by Xu et al., the structures of 20 pilin subunits of human oral and gut Bacteroidales are elucidated, revealing a new pilin superfamily, assembled into pili by a distinct fifth pathway.
Estimation of a probability density function using interval aggregated data

ABSTRACTIn economics and government statistics, aggregated data instead of individual level data are usually reported for data confidentiality and for simplicity. In this paper we develop a method of flexibly estimating the probability density function of the population using aggregated data obtained as group averages when individual level data are grouped according to quantile limits. The kernel density estimator has been commonly applied to such data without taking into account the data aggregation process and has been shown to perform poorly. Our method models the quantile function as an integral of the exponential of a spline function and deduces the density function from the quantile function. We match the aggregated data to their theoretical counterpart using least squares, and regularize the estimation by using the squared second derivatives of the density function as the penalty function. A computational algorithm is developed to implement the method. Application to simulated data and US household...
"Digital Agriculture" and Agricultural Development in Hebei Province

This paper has introduced the concept of "digital agriculture" and the development of "digital agriculture" in China,analyzed the current situation and restricting factors,and puts forward countermeasures on the development of "digital agriculture" in Hebei Province.
Metallurgical and Electrochemical Characterization of the Corrosion of a Mg-Al-Zn Alloy AZ31B-H24 Tungsten Inert Gas Weld: Galvanic Corrosion Between Weld Zones

Several techniques were used to investigate magnesium alloy, AZ31B-H24, joined by tungsten inert gas welding, primarily utilizing multichannel multi-electrode arrays in conjunction with in situ time lapse video, scanning electron microscope and Raman surface analysis, and mixed potential theory. Time lapse optical videos examined the dominant location of the hydrogen evolution reaction and darkening within the various weld zones, which is considered characteristic of anodic zones and cathodic activation in Mg alloys. The galvanic coupling between electrochemically connected weld zones was investigated in 0.6 M NaCl, 0.6 M NaCl saturated with Mg(OH)2, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS). Anodically-induced cathodic activation was also investigated after 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h immersion times in 0.6 M NaCl and 0.1 M TRIS. The main goal was to characterize and explain the galvanic corrosion between weld zones with time. Both the heat affected zones and wrought base plate corrode initially relative to the...
Practical Query Answering in Data Exchange Under Inconsistency-Tolerant Semantics.

Exchange-repair semantics (or, XR-Certain semantics) is a recently proposed inconsistency-tolerant semantics in the context of data exchange. This semantics makes it possible to provide meaningful answers to target queries in cases in which a given source instance cannot be transformed into a target instance satisfying the constraints of the data exchange specification. It is known that computing the answers to conjunctive queries under XR-Certain semantics is a coNP-complete problem in data complexity. Moreover, this problem can be reduced in a natural way to cautious reasoning over stable models of a disjunctive logic program. Here, we explore how to effectively perform XR-Certain query answering for practical data exchange settings by leveraging modern sophisticated solvers for disjunctive logic programming. We first present a new reduction, accompanied by an optimized implementation, of XR-Certain query answering to disjunctive logic programming. We then evaluate this approach on a benchmark that we introduce here and which is modeled after a practical data exchange problem in computational genomics. Specifically, we present a benchmark scenario that mimicks a portion of the UCSC Genome Browser data import process. Our initial results, based on real genomic data, suggest that the solvers we apply fail to take advantage of some critical exploitable structural properties of the specific instances at hand. We then develop an improved encoding to take advantage of these properties using techniques inspired by the notion of a repair envelope. The improved implementation utilizing these techniques computes query answers ten to one thousand times faster for large instances, and exhibits promising scalability with respect to the size of instances and the rate of target constraint violations.
Modal Fictionalism and Compositionality

Modal fictionalists propose to defuse the unwanted ontological commitments of modal realism by treating modal realism as a fictional story, and modal assertions as assertions, prefixed by a fictionalist operator, that something is true in that story. However, consideration of conditionals with modal antecedents raises the problem ofembedding, which shows that the simple prefixing strategy cannotsucceed. A compositional version of the fictionalist strategy isdeveloped and critiqued, and some general semantic morals aredrawn from the failures of both strategies.
Treatment of Post-Latissimus Dorsi Flap Breast Reconstruction Pain With Continuous Paravertebral Nerve Blocks: A Retrospective Review

Author(s): Unkart, Jonathan T; Padwal, Jennifer A; Ilfeld, Brian M; Wallace, Anne M | Abstract: ObjectivesThe addition of a perioperative continuous paravertebral nerve block (cPVB) to a single-injection thoracic paravertebral nerve block (tPVB) has demonstrated improved analgesia in breast surgery. However, its use following isolated post-mastectomy reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi flap (LDF) has not previously been examined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent salvage breast reconstruction with a unilateral LDF by a single surgeon. Preoperatively, all patients received a single-injection tPVB with 0.5% ropivacaine. Additionally, patients had the option for catheter placement to receive a continuous 0.2% ropivacaine infusion with intermittent boluses. Infusions commenced in the recovery room and the catheters were removed on the morning of discharge. The primary endpoint was the mean pain numeric rating scale (NRS) scores for the 24-hour period beginning at 7:00 on post-operative day 1.ResultsA total of 22 patients were included in this study (11-cPVB and 11-tPVB). The mean NRS pain score of cPVB patients (3.5 (standard deviation (SD) 1.8) was lower than that of the single-injection tPVB patients (4.4 (SD 2.1), however this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). The length of hospital stay and opioid use was not statistically different between groups.ConclusionsPatients receiving a cPVB in addition to tPVB after LDF reconstruction experienced similar pain to those receiving tPVB alone. A larger, randomized clinical trial is warranted to fully determine the benefits of using cPVB in addition to tPVB for this procedure.
Chapter 1 – Basic Concepts in Arithmetic

Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), an Italian physicist, chemist and a pioneer of electrical science. He is most famous for his invention of the electric battery. Alessandro has a special talent for languages. Before he left school, he had learned Latin, French, English and German. His language talents helped him in later life, when he traveled around Europe, discussing his work with scientists in Europe's centers of science.
Differential Expression Genes of CLL Subgroups Defined by Ki67 Expression Level Which Correlated with Clinical Outcome

Abstract 2435 Introduction: Chronic Lymphocyte Leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the slow clonal expansion of B-lymphocytes, which eventually overwhelm healthy immune cells, therefore hindering normal function. In order to determine the underlying mechanisms for this uncontrolled proliferation, gene expression data was gathered through cDNA microarray analysis of the B-cells from CLL patients. The data was split into two groups depending on expression levels of Ki67, a strong marker for cellular proliferation. In our study, high Ki67 expression only showed in 60% of unmutated CLL patients and higher in CD38+ CLL B cells. The expression of individuals with high levels of Ki67 was compared to the expression profiles of individuals with low levels of Ki67. This allowed for the determination of differences in gene expression correlated to an increase in proliferation of B-cells. Methods: 1) The RNA were purified from CLL B cells which were isolated by RosetteSep Human B cell Enrichment Cocktail (StemCell Technologies) during 4 hours after blood drawn from patients. Microarray assay was performed on Illumina HumanWG-6 expression beadchips. 2) The samples were devided to 2 groups according Ki67 surface expression, 9 samples with Ki67high (>5%) and 26 samples with Ki67low ( Results: 1) Time to first time treatment (TTFT) were compared between Ki67high and Ki67low patients. Ki67high patients had a significantly shorter TTFT (2.76 yr) compared to Ki67low patients (23.46 years; P Conclusion and discussion: Ki67 is a nuclear protein which upregulated in G1, S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle but is absent from resting cells (G0 phase1). We reported that Ki67+ cell is enriched in CD38+ cells regardless of the percentage of CD38+ cells in a patient9s CLL clone2. To analyze gene expression profile in Ki67high and Ki67low groups will determine the possible interactions responsible for the proliferative nature of B-cells in CLL. Misregulation of the NF-κB complex has been implicated in the development of various immunological diseases as well as cancer, therefore identifying it as a candidate for further research in CLL development and treatment. Scholzen T. et al: J Cell Physiol. 2000; 182:311–322. Damle R. et al: (2007) Blood 110:3352–3359. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Signaling Consequences of Structural Lesions that Alter the Stability of Chemoreceptor Trimers of Dimers

Residues E402 and R404 of the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor, Tsr, appear to form a salt bridge that spans the interfaces between neighboring dimers in the Tsr trimer of dimers, a key structural component of receptor core signaling complexes. To assess their functional roles, we constructed full sets of single amino acid replacement mutants at E402 and R404 and characterized their signaling behaviors with a suite of in vivo assays. Our results indicate that the E402 and R404 residues of Tsr play their most critical signaling roles at their inner locations near the trimer axis where they likely participate in stabilizing the trimer-of-dimer packing and the kinase-ON state of core signaling complexes. Mutant receptors with a variety of side-chain replacements still accessed both the ON and OFF signaling states, suggesting that core signaling complexes produce kinase activity over a range of receptor conformations and dynamic motions. Similarly, the kinase-OFF state may not be a discrete conformation but rather a range of structures outside the range of those suitable for kinase activation. Consistent with this idea, some structural lesions at both E402 and R404 produced signaling behaviors that are not compatible with discrete two-state models of core complex signaling states. Those lesions might stabilize intermediate receptor conformations along the OFF-ON energy landscape. Amino acid replacements produced different constellations of signaling defects at each residue, indicating that they play distinct structure-function roles. R404, but not E402, was critical for high signal cooperativity in the receptor array.
The Bargraph as a Configural and a Separable Display

The results from two experiments demonstrate the conditions under which a bargraph display can be processed both as a configural display and as a separable display. When there is a unique mapping of display attributes to system state categories (Experiment 1), the perceptual cues in the bargraph display serve to produce superior classification performance. Once that mapping and predictability is disrupted (Experiment 2), operators resort to analyzing the bargraph display in a separable fashion and produce performance equivalent to the serially processed digital display. Uncertainty (i.e., the degree to which a value or set of values of process variables map to a single system state) appears to be the primary factor affecting the way in which the bargraph display will be processed.