cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 5-alkenyl-1,3-dioxanes

Cyclic acetals containing alkenyl groups were obtained from 5-methyl-5-acyl-1,3-dioxane. The 1,3-dioxane fragment does not interfere in reduction of the carbonyl group, nor in participation of the carbonyl group in Wittig and Grignard reactions.
Reproduction in upheaval: Ethnic-specific fertility responses to societal turbulence in Kazakhstan

This study contributes to the literature on demographic adjustments to societal crises by examining ethnic-specific probabilities of having first, second, and third marital births in late-twentieth-century Kazakhstan. Discrete-time logit models, employing data from the 1995 and 1999 Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Surveys, are fitted. The results show that the probability of a first birth responded to societal cataclysms of the post-Soviet transition, but this response was most manifest and enduring in the ethnic group that had been most demographically advanced and that also found itself most politically and economically vulnerable. While ethnic differences in the probability of second and third births were generally more pronounced than in the probabilities of first birth, the pace of their post-Soviet decline was relatively uniform across all ethnic groups.
Echographic evaluation of primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium.

Purpose Primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium frequently appear to be focal elevations of the peripheral iris. To differentiate them from other anterior segment tumors requires the ability to assess the distribution, tissue characteristics, and progression of such lesions, which we accomplished by using anterior segment echography. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 49 consecutive patients referred to the Doheny Eye Institute for echographic evaluation of focal bulging of the peripheral iris. Echography of the anterior segment was performed on each patient by using an immersion technique. Clinical examination was also performed on 20 (41%) patients at the time of initial examination. Results We identified 52 iris pigment epithelial cysts in 52 eyes of the 49 patients studied. All lesions were single, localized to the posterior iris surface, and demonstrated a well-circumscribed, echolucent structure on B-scan echography. Average maximal sagittal thickness was 1.6 ± 0.4 mm. Cysts were most frequently located in the inferotemporal quadrant (31%). Minimal increase in size or regression of lesions was noted in the nine patients (ten eyes) for whom follow-up echographic examinations were available. Conclusions Primary iris pigment epithelial cysts possess characteristic features with regard to location, size, and internal structure, which can be accurately documented with echography. Clinically evident lesions tend to be between 1 and 4 mm in maximum sagittal thickness, conform to the contour of posterior chamber structures without distortion, produce anterior bulging of the peripheral iris, are preferentially located in the inferotemporal quadrant, and demonstrate limited potential for growth.
A Receiver with Memory for Fading Channels

In this paper, an adaptive receiver with memory for fading communication channels is considered. The receiver consists of an estimator and a detector. The estimator is a finite-memory MMSE estimator with decision-feedback which minimizes the probability of error of the receiver. Asymptotic approximations are employed to derive an adaptive decision role based on the estimate. An example is presented where the receiver with memory is shown to perform better than an optimum receiver without memory.
Flight Control for Flexible, High-Aspect-Ratio Flying Wings

High-aspect-ratio flying wing configurations designed for high altitude, long endurance missions are characterized by high flexibility, which may lead to significant static aeroelastic deformation and coupling between aeroelasticity and flight dynamics. Using the concept of the mean axis, a 6-degree-of-freedom reduced-order model of the flight dynamics is constructed that minimizes the coupling between rigid-body modes and structural dynamics while accounting for the nonlinear static aeroelastic deformation of the flying wing. A multistep nonlinear dynamic inversion controller based on this reduced-order model is coupled with a nonlinear guidance law to design a flight controller for path following. The configuration of the flying wing used in the reduced-order model is updated at each time instant to account for static aeroelastic deformation. Simulation results presented in this paper show that the controller is able to successfully follow both straight line and curved ground paths while maintaining/moving to the desired altitude. The controller is also shown to be able to handle an abrupt change in the external loading, which is simulated by a step change in the payload mass.
Persistence of psychosine in brain lipid rafts is a limiting factor in the therapeutic recovery of a mouse model for Krabbe disease

Sphingolipids are intrinsic components of membrane lipid rafts. The abnormal accumulation of these molecules may introduce architectural and functional changes in these domains, leading to cellular dysfunction. Galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) is a pathogenic lipid raft-associated molecule whose accumulation leads to brain deterioration and irreversible neurological handicap in the incurable leukodystrophy Krabbe disease (KD). The relevance of clearing excessive levels of pathogenic psychosine from lipid rafts in therapy for KD has not been investigated. The work presented here demonstrates that psychosine inhibits raft-mediated endocytosis in neural cells. In addition, although in vitro enzyme reconstitution is sufficient for the reversal of related endocytic defects in affected neural cells, traditional in vivo enzyme therapies in the mouse model of KD appear to be insufficient for complete removal of pathogenic levels of raft-associated psychosine. This work describes a mechanism that may contribute to limiting the in vivo efficacy of traditional therapies for KD. V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Minimum variance ultrasonic imaging applied to an in situ sparse guided wave array

Ultrasonic guided wave imaging with a sparse, or spatially distributed, array can detect and localize damage over large areas. Conventional delay-and-sum images from such an array typically have a relatively high noise floor, however, and contain artifacts that often cannot be discriminated from damage. Considered here is minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) imaging, which is a variation of delay-and-sum imaging whereby weighting coefficients are adaptively computed at each pixel location. Utilization of MVDR significantly improves image quality compared with delay-and-sum imaging, and additional improvements are obtained from incorporation of a priori scattering information in the MVDR method, use of phase information, and instantaneous windowing. Simulated data from a through-hole scatterer are used to illustrate performance improvements, and a performance metric is proposed that allows for quantitative comparisons of images from a known scatterer. Experimental results from a through-hole scatterer are also provided that illustrate imaging efficacy.
Evidence that FcRn mediates the transplacental passage of maternal IgE in the form of IgG anti-IgE/IgE immune complexes.

Background The mechanism(s) responsible for acquisition of maternal antibody isotypes other than IgG are not fully understood. This uncertainty is a major reason underlying the continued controversy regarding whether cord blood (CB) IgE originates in the mother or fetus.
Quantitative multiplexed simulated-cell identification by SERS in microfluidic devices

A reliable identification of cells on the basis of their surface markers is of great interest for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We present a multiplexed labeling and detection strategy that is applied to four microparticle populations, each mimicking cellular or bacterial samples with varying surface concentrations of up to four epitopes, using four distinct biotags that are meant to be used in conjunction with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) instead of fluorescence, together with microfluidics. Four populations of 6 μm polystyrene beads were incubated with different mixtures, "cocktails" of four SERS biotags (SBTs), simulating the approach that one would follow when seeking to identify multiple biomarkers encountered in biological applications. Populations were flowed in a microfluidic flow-focusing device and the SERS signal from individual beads was acquired during continuous flow. The spectrally rich SERS spectra enabled us to separate confidently the populations by utilizing principal component analysis (PCA). Also, using classical least squares (CLS), we were able to calculate the contributions of each SBT to the overall signal in each of the populations, and showed that the relative SBT contributions are consistent with the nominal percentage of each marker originally designed into that bead population, by functionalizing it with a given SBT cocktail. Our results demonstrate the multiplexing capability of SBTs in potential applications such as immunophenotyping.
Strength properties of melt blown nonwoven webs

A method to obtain the tenacity and Young's modulus of nonwoven webs without direct measurement of web thickness is proposed. This has been tested with several series of samples with different basis weight. It was found that these properties were nearly Independent of the sample gage length, and both tenacity and modulus generally decreased with increase in the die temperature, the air pressure at the die, or the die to collector distance [DCD]. The web stiffness as measured by bending rigidity followed similar trends. The elongation Lo break also decreased as die temperature and air pressure at The die increased, but it increased with increasing DCD. The average filament diameter in the web decreased with increasing die temperature or air pressure at the die. The single filament strength was measured and compared with strength properties of web and of high-speed melt spun filament prepared from the same resins. The strength of single filaments in the web lie in between those of the web and high-speed spun filaments. The mechanical properties of melt blown web were interpreted in terms of the changes in Fiber diameter, the level of interfilament bonding, the molecular orientation developed in the filament, the diameter uniformity along the individual filaments in the web, and the presence of voids in the filament.
Making Education (Double) Count: Boosting Student Learning via Social and Emotional Learning and New Media Literacy Skills

Participatory activities that tap and foster social and emotional learning and new media literacies enrich student learning, boost physical wellness, and support social functioning. Skeptics dismiss social and emotional learning as being too "touchy-feely," but empirical research has found that they can help lead to holistic health and achievement. Author Laurel Felt, a doctoral student, is staunchly committed to social change. Informed by her background in social policy, developmental psychology, and multimedia curriculum design and instruction, she is currently working for Senegal's African Health Education Network (RAES) to help leverage entertainment-education to foster young people's education and well-being.
Fermi-level pinning at metal/antimonides interface and demonstration of antimonides-based metal S/D Schottky pMOSFETs

III–V semiconductors are considered as promising candidates to replace silicon as the channel material in future technology nodes for transistors [1]. III–V n-channel MOSFETs have been extensively studied [2–4], showing high electron mobility. However, one of the most critical challenges in realizing high performance III–V MOSFETs is the difficulties in source/drain (S/D) design including parasitic resistance due to low solubility and poor activation of dopant and the “source starvation” effect due to low density of states [5–6]. Annealing of implant damage after S/D ion-implantation is also more problematic in III–V's due to the presence of 2 or more atomic species vs. group IV semiconductors (Fig.1). Use of Schottky-barrier (SB) metal S/D is a promising strategy to overcome these limitations [7]. Meanwhile, for III–V based CMOS logic, achieving a high mobility pMOSFET in a III–V channel remains a challenge. Antimony (Sb) based compound semiconductors have the highest electron and hole mobilities amongst all III–V materials. Recently, high performance strained channel InGaSb pMOSFETs [8] have been demonstrated. In this paper, we study the metal contact to antimonides compound. Good metal contact formed on p-type material and current suppression on n-type samples is attributed to the Fermi-level pinning at metal/antimonide interface and charge-neutral level being near the valence band edge. Schottky-barrier S/D p-MOSFETs is proposed and experimentally demonstrated which combines an In x Ga 1−x Sb channel for good hole transport with metal S/D for low access resistance.
Prediction of the chemical and thermal shrinkage in a thermoset polymer

Abstract A multi-scale model for the response of a bi-material “thermostat”, consisting of a single unidirectional lamina of carbon/epoxy and an uncured layer of neat diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) with curing agent, diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), is developed in order to measure thermal strains during a prescribed, but arbitrary thermal history. Molecular modeling simulations provided the elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, glass transition temperature of DGEBF/DETDA as a function of degree of cure. Cure kinetic properties were determined with differential scanning calorimeter measurements. The model allowed separation of strains due to cure shrinkage and thermal expansion. Combining the molecular modeling predictions, cure kinetic measurements and “thermostat” deflection measurements, the complete polymer shrinkage phenomenon is determined over a prescribed thermal cycle. Furthermore, this work can provide a vehicle to develop cure cycles wherein the difference between instantaneous glass transition temperature and specimen temperature is controlled to provide optimum cure cycles for minimum cure shrinkage.
Improved crude oil processing using second-order Volterra models and nonlinear Model Predictive Control

The petroleum industry operates a wide variety of chemical processes that can benefit from advanced modeling and control methods. Traditional linear control methods can be applied to these systems, but this often results in sub-optimal closed-loop performance. The current work presents modeling and control of a refinery facility simulation using second order Volterra series models and a nonlinear model predictive control formulation. Realistic process data were generated using a dynamic refinery simulation model. The data set from the crude oil separation facility simulation was used to determine an empirical model for use with nonlinear model predictive control (MPC). Results show that a second-order Volterra model can be used to represent the multivariable chemical plant which exhibits both nonlinear gains and nonlinear dynamics. It is demonstrated that the proposed nonlinear MPC formulation tracks setpoints and rejects disturbances better than traditional linear control methods.
Use of high-frequency vibrational energy in the treatment of peripheral chronic total occlusions.

Purpose: Peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTO) are challenging lesions to treat. The CROSSER system (FlowCardia, Sunnyvale, CA) uses high-frequency low-amplitude vibrations to break through the cap of the CTO and had been shown to be successful in coronary CTOs. This is a case series demonstrating the use of the CROSSER system with peripheral CTOs. Case Reports: Three patients with peripheral CTO of various lengths, locations, and complexities were treated with the CROSSER system. The device allowed placement of a guidewire across the area of occlusion, thus permitting further percutaneous intervention. The CROSSER system was effective with both ostial and distal lesions, tapered and abrupt lesion morphologies, and was used from both an ipsilateral (antegrade access) and contralateral approach. Conclusion: The CROSSER system is an additional device that may be used to treat peripheral CTOs. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Indirect Minority Influence: The Leniency Contract Revisited

This research is concerned with indirect minority influence, the change of attitudes that are related, but not identical, to the issue under persuasive attack. A message on one of two linked attitudes was developed and attributed to in-group minority or majority sources. Analysis of source and pretest timing (immediate vs. 2 weeks before treatment), thought to affect the accessibility of the linked attitude, revealed no effect on focal beliefs. However, the linked attitudes of those exposed to the minority differed significantly from those exposed to the majority, and were congruous with the conservative thrust of the persuasive appeal. Pretest timing also affected indirect attitudes (both ps < .05). Implications of these indirect attitude results for minority and majority influence were drawn.
Local Electronic Structure of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Electrostatic Force Microscopy

An atomic force microscope was used to locally perturb and detect the charge density in carbon nanotubes. Changing the tip voltage varied the Fermi level in the nanotube. The local charge density increased abruptly whenever the Fermi level was swept through a van Hove singularity in the density of states, thereby coupling the cantilever's mechanical oscillations to the nanotube's local electronic properties. By using our technique to measure the local band gap of an intratube quantum-well structure, created by a nonuniform uniaxial strain, we have estimated the nanotube chiral angle. Our technique does not require attached electrodes or a specialized substrate, yielding a unique high-resolution spectroscopic tool that facilitates the comparison between local electronic structure of nanomaterials and further transport, optical, or sensing experiments.
GNG-SVM framework - classifying large datasets with Support Vector Machines using Growing Neural Gas

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) represent a well known technique for data classification. However, the complexity of the training process makes the SVMs unsuitable for classifying large datasets. Examples of existing approaches to this problem are sampling of the input datasets or clustering of similar inputs. On the other hand, the Growing Neural Gas algorithm (GNG) is a robust tool for cluster analysis, capable of learning the topology of the data. It overcomes most of the common issues of clustering techniques such as predefined number of clusters or beforehand specified cluster radius. This paper presents a solution to the problem of classifying large datasets via learning of the data topology. The described algorithm combines the GNG algorithm with the SVM solver into a specific algorithm for classification of large datasets - the GNG-SVM framework. The input dataset is first preprocessed with the GNG algorithm. A new reduced training dataset is created from the extracted topological knowledge. Because the size of the dataset is significantly reduced, the training process of the SVM solver becomes substantially less memory demanding. The performance of the proposed GNG-SVM framework is tested on both synthetic and benchmark real world datasets.
Factors influencing success among collaborative sage-grouse management groups in the western United States

Considerable efforts have been put into collaborative conservation efforts across the globe. In the western USA, concern about declines of two sage-grouse species (Centrocercus urophasianus and C. minimus) has led to the creation of over 60 collaborative wildlife management partnership groups to develop and implement local sage-grouse management plans. These sage-grouse local working groups (LWGs) share a common goal, information, and policy environment, but were implemented in diverse ways. As a result, they provide a rare opportunity to study systematically the impact of contextual, organizational, institutional and process factors on local collaborative group success. Data from document reviews and an extensive survey of over 700 group participants from 53 sage-grouse LWGs were used to assess the success of this collaborative conservation effort and identify those group attributes that were related to successful implementation and funding of projects. Specifically, external, internal and emergent group characteristics were considered as likely predictors of LWG implementation success. The LWGs varied broadly in their achievements. The presence of a neutral facilitator, participants' feelings of ownership, groups whose local plans had more authority and early-stage group successes were significantly related to implementation success at the group level.
Signal characteristic and enhancement patterns of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: evaluation with dynamic gadolinium enhanced MRI.

Aim To determine the signal characteristics and enhancement patterns of proven pancreatic adenocarcinomas at 1.5 T and to compare these results with contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Materials and methods Twenty-five patients, mean age 73 years, with proven pancreatic adenocarcinoma were imaged at 1.5 T using in- and opposed-phase, gradient-echo (GRE), T1-weighted sequences, T2 weighting using either a short tau inversion recovery (STIR) or frequency selective, fat-suppressed turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence, and with a three-dimensional (3D), fat-suppressed, GRE T1 sequence before, during the arterial, venous, and equilibrium phases after Gadolinium administration. Fourteen of the 25 patients underwent CECT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were evaluated by two observers in consensus for size, signal characteristics, and enhancement patterns, and the results were compared with CECT. Results The mean size of pancreatic adenocarcinomas was 32 mm. On unenhanced T1-weighted images, 12 of 25 lesions (48%) were hypointense, 13 (52%) were isointense. On STIR/T2, 11 of 25 (44%) pancreatic adenocarcinomas were hyperintense, 14 (56%) were isointense. All 25 (100%) adenocarcinomas were hypointense during the arterial phase. Twenty (80%) and 17 (68%) remained hypointense in the venous phase and equilibrium phases, respectively. In seven of 14 (50%) cases, the pancreatic mass was iso-attenuating to the pancreatic parenchyma during both the pancreatic and venous phases of CECT. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that all 25 pancreatic adenocarcinomas were hypointense to pancreatic parenchyma during the arterial phase. Moreover, MRI may be useful in patients with a high suspicion of pancreatic carcinoma that is not visualized during CECT.
Garden Variety: Botany and Multiplicity in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Abolitionism

This essay, by paying attention to botanical language, reveals how Stowe's environmental sensibility affects her racial politics and abolitionist strategies. The theories of plant growth and vitality she draws on as her career develops refute the strict classification and cultivation practices associated with slavery, disrupting the logic used to segregate humans from each other and from the environment. Stowe's characterization of plants reframes our understanding of the relationship between antebellum science and sentimental culture, and upends the essentialist approach to nature by which many ethnologists classified race. Stowe comes to emphasize nature's mutability and interconnectedness, and invites her readers to consider human nature as part of this dynamic natural order.
Legal Services for Struggling Veterans - Then and Now

This Article was written as part of a symposium to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Southeastern Minnesota Regional Legal Services (SMRLS). During this past century, the broader movement for the provision of civil legal services to poor people in America went through a number of periods of expansion, contraction, and stasis. Yet, for the most part, struggling veterans stood outside those ebbs and flows, and have not generally been considered an appropriate demographic group at which to target the provision of free civil legal assistance.This Article seeks to document that fact, and to consider why it is so. The Article then goes on to discuss challenges in representing struggling veterans, particularly those returning from the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. It also discusses some recent initiatives to increase the availability of free civil legal assistance to struggling veterans.
Field Training in Applied Developmental Psychology: Fordham University’s Expanding Community Partnerships

Graduate study in Applied Developmental Psychology (ADP) at Fordham University was begun ten years ago to develop shared expertise and collaborative service and systems change efforts between the university and the multiple communities in which it lives. The ADP graduate program added courses to its advanced developmental psychology curriculum, specifically, a course in the approach and issues of Applied Developmental Psychology and revamped courses in research design, developmental psychopathology, and assessments to address applied work. The Fordham ADP doctoral program is uniquely defined, however, by its field experience courses—ADP Research Apprenticeship, ADP Practicum, and ADP Internship. The history and challenges of our ADP curriculum and field experiences are detailed in Higgins-D’Alessandro, Fisher, and Hamilton (1998) and Fisher, Rau, and Colapietro (1993).
Variance Reduction Techniques For Monte Carlo Solutions of Radiative Transfer in Hypersonic Flows: Hybrid P 1 -Monte Carlo

A hybrid P1-Monte Carlo method is developed for hypersonic plasma radiation simulations. A scheme is presented to divide the spectrum into optically thick and optically thin regions. The optically thick regions are solved using the P1 method, which is well suited for such problems, and the optically intermediate to thin portions are treated with the photon Monte Carlo method, which is accurate for the entire spectrum, but requires more computational effort for extreme optical thickness. Sample results showing the accuracy and efficiency of the hybrid method are presented for a sample CEV stagnation line.
The influence of ascorbic acid on the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia in young broiler chickens.

Abstract Two distinctly different basal diets were used to test the influence of supplementary ascorbic acid on the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia. Addition of either .1 or .25% ascorbic acid to these diets did not alter the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia in 25-day-old broiler chickens. However, supplementary ascorbic acid did increase the amounts of ascorbic acid present in blood plasma. Also, individual differences in circulating ascorbic acid were not associated with this disease. Furthermore, two strains of chickens selected for high or low incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia had similar amounts of this vitamin in blood plasma. In contrast to the results reported for the Willow Ptarmigan, ascorbic acid does not appear to be involved in the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in the young broiler chicken.
From One to Multiple Accents on a Test of L2 Listening Comprehension

Concerns about the need for assessing multidialectal listening skills for global contexts are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, the inclusion of multiple accents on listening assessments may threaten test fairness because it is not practical to include every accent that may be encountered in the language use domain on these tests. Given this dilemma, this study aimed to determine the extent to which accent strength and familiarity affect comprehension and to provide a defensible direction for assessing multidialectal listening comprehension. A strength of accent scale was developed, and one US, four Australian, and four British English speakers of English were selected based on a judgment of their strength of accent. Next, TOEFL test takers (N = 21,726) were randomly assigned to listen to a common lecture given by one of the nine selected speakers, and respond to six comprehension items and a survey designed to assess their familiarity with various accents. The results suggest that strength of accent and familiarity do affect listening comprehension, and these factors affect comprehension even with quite light accents.
A key to the Nearctic subfamilies of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera).

A key is presented to the winged forms of the Nearctic subfamilies of the Braconidae as they are denned, or accepted by most authors, at the present time. Included are illustrations of the wings of representative genera for each subfamily. Also included is a list of references to works containing generic keys or generic characterizations.
Thermal Properties of Partially Hydrolyzed Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers

Recently there has been interest in the properties of ethylene- vinyl alcohol copolymers formed by the hydrolysis of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and studies of the mechanical (1,2) and thermal (2,10) properties of such copolymers have been carried out over considerable ranges of composition. Such copolymers exhibit the phenomenon of co-crystallization with the hydroxyl groups replacing CH2 groups in the polyethylene crystal lattice at low hydroxyl group concentration and the CH2 groups replacing hydroxyl groups at high hydroxyl group concentration in the polyvinyl alcohol unit cell (3,4,10).
Algorithm analysis for sability of non-deterministic discrete event systems

Stability of non-deterministic discrete event systems(DES) based on non-deterministic automata/languages is studied.The periodical stability of DES is defined and the criterions for checking periodical stability based on observer are discussed.Finally,an effective algorithm is derived and the computational complexity of the observer is reduced by eliminating the redundancy of the observer.
Bidirectional Associations Between Teacher–Child Relationship Quality and Chinese American Immigrant Children’s Behavior Problems

The goal of the study was to test the bidirectional associations between teacher-child relationship quality and behavior problems in an elementary school age sample of Chinese American immigrant children. A socioeconomically diverse sample (N = 258) of first- and second-generation Chinese American children (M ages = 7.4 and 9.2 years at Wave 1 and Wave 2, respectively; 48% girls) was recruited from schools and communities and followed for 1 to 2 years. Two waves of data on dimensions of teacher-child relationship quality (i.e., warmth, closeness, and conflict) and children's externalizing and internalizing problems were collected through parents', teachers', and children's report. Path analyses were conducted to test the bidirectional associations between teacher-child relationship quality and behavior problems, controlling for prior levels, child demographic characteristics, and teacher ethnicity. Transactional associations between teacher-child relationship quality and children's behavior problems were found for externalizing problems. That is, teacher-rated externalizing problems negatively predicted child-rated closeness, and teacher-rated conflict positively predicted parent-rated externalizing problems. On the other hand, teacher-child relationship quality did not predict subsequent internalizing problems. However, parent-rated internalizing problems negatively predicted teacher-rated warmth, and teacher-rated internalizing problems negatively predicted teacher-rated conflict. Using a multiple informant approach and a diverse sample of Chinese American immigrant children, this study extends our knowledge of the reciprocal associations between teacher-child relationship quality and children's behavior problems. Based on the results of this study, the authors provide recommendations for educators and future research with this understudied population.
Use of spreadsheets in thermal analysis. Part 2

Abstract Many highly capable spreadsheets are now commercially available. They have found much use in various business applications such as business reports and as graphic generators. However, spreadsheets have been little employed in the field of thermal analysis. The aim of this paper is to extend the utilization of spreadsheets to dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TO) (as well as to similar techniques as differential scanning calorimetry) for the estimation of kinetic parameters and mechanism during the decomposition of various materials. To this end, various worksheets containing Macro commands were employed in this paper for the spreadsheet analysis of TG data. In this manner, analyses were carried out for the determination of the activation energy E and the mechanism, employing TG theoretical data and TG data for materials such as sodium bicarbonate. Final results are presented and compared with reported and theoretical results.
Physical and Chemical Nature of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have some specific features, including physical properties, chemical properties, merits, and demerits, which have drawn much attention for their application in nanobiotechnology. This chapter explains the state of the art of different properties of nanoparticles and their potential beneficial roles. In addition, this chapter discusses on the research on nanoparticles essentiality for plants and describes the current knowledge concerning the key nanoparticles with important studies for their future applications.
Drug Delivery to Specific Compartments of the Eye

Due to different barriers that eye possesses, its complicated anatomical structure, and its small absorptive surface, drug delivery to specific parts of anterior segment or posterior segment have difficult challenges to overcome. Barriers exist at different compartment of the eye, drug delivery to different parts, and available ophthalmic formulations and those that are still in research will be discussed. This chapter will discuss drug delivery to specific parts of the eye like the anterior and posterior portion, vitreous humor, retina, choroid and others.
Getting Personal: Effects of Twitter Personalization on Candidate Evaluations

Personalization has cultivated a bad reputation in politics. Initially, scholarship on the personalization of politics focused on what was often called “candidate-centered” voting: the idea that citizens would vote based on a candidate's personality. Many scholars viewed this evaluative approach as irrational and heralded the value of issue stances over charisma (see Fenno 1978; Popkin 1991). Focusing on the personal, it seems, was problematic. Another iteration of the personalization in politics was also problematic and focused on the use of the “personal frame” in news coverage of women candidates. Such news coverage focused more on women's personalities and personal lives as compared to men's (e.g., Bystrom 1999; Devitt 1999). On its surface, such coverage does not appear detrimental. However, this framing would often emphasize women's roles as mothers and wives and use that framing to question women's experience, fitness for office, and whether they could juggle domestic and political responsibilities (Braden 1996). Personalization in both iterations elicited a sense of triviality: voters’ focus on persona was deemed as a trivial way to form an opinion, and women candidates were trivialized via a focus on their personal, not political, lives.
El derecho humano a la ciencia: Un viejo derecho con un gran futuro

When we talk about the human right to science, many may think that we are speaking about a new right, recently created to face the challenges that science and technology generate in our society of the 21st century. However, the right to science is already enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). We can find it even earlier in the inter-American regional system, particularly, in the Charter of the Organization of American States (1948) and in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948). Few know that, in fact, the Latin American countries in general and Chile in particular played a crucial role in the universal recognition of this right. The first part of the article explains the history of the right to science and its international legal recognition. In a second chapter, we will study its current institutional situation within the United Nations and, finally, in the third chapter, we will analyze the characteristics of this right, its normative content, elements and type of obligations that it creates.
The Marshall Klaus Research Award and Tribute to a Trailblazing Neonatologist.

The world of medicine and the research behind it is ever evolving. As a pioneer in neonatology, Dr. Marshall H. Klaus has made many seminal discoveries in surfactant biology, but he may be best known for his leadership in the humane care of mothers and infants and promoted the term “maternal infant bonding” in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Dr. Klaus mentored numerous leaders—past and current—in neonatology and continues to make a significant impact in the academic development of physicians training in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine through an award in his name. The Marshall Klaus Perinatal Research Award initiated by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, and Johnson & Johnson Pediatric Institute provides financial support to assist outstanding fellows in initiating or completing their research projects. Over the past 13 years, the Klaus Award has directly contributed to over 40 publications by trainees in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine fostering interest in academic neonatology to ensure that scientific and medical progress for our most vulnerable patients continue.
Residents' Impressions of the Impact of Advanced Practice Providers on Surgical Training.

Background To ensure that residents are appropriately trained in the era of the 80-hour work-week, training programs have restructured resident duties and hired advanced practice providers (APPs). However, the effect of APPs on surgical training remains unknown. Study Design We created a survey using a modified Delphi technique to examine the interaction between residents and APPs across practice settings (inpatient, outpatient, and operating room). We identified the following domains: administrative tasks, clinical experience, operative experience, and overall impressions. We administered the survey to residents across 7 surgical training programs at a single institution and assessed internal reliability with Cronbach's α. Results Fifty residents responded (77% participation rate). The majority reported APPs reduced the time spent on administrative tasks, such as completing documentation (96%) and answering pages (88%). For clinical experience, 62% of residents thought that APPs had no impact on the amount of time spent evaluating consult patients, and 80% reported no difference in the number of bedside procedures performed. However, 77% of residents reported a reduction in the time spent counseling patients. When APPs worked in the inpatient setting, 90% of residents reported leaving the operating room less frequently to manage patients. When APPs were present in the operating room, 34% of residents thought they were less likely to perform key parts of the case. Cronbach's α showed excellent to good reliability for the administrative tasks (0.96), clinical experience (0.76), operative experience (0.69), and overall impressions (0.66) domains. Conclusions Most residents report that the integration of APPs has decreased the administrative burden. The reduction in patient counseling might be an unrecognized and unintended consequence of implementing APPs. The perceived effect on operative experience is dependent on the role of the APPs.
Suspended-sediment concentrations and loads in the lower Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers decreased by half between 1980 and 2015

Abstract The Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model was used to derive estimates of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) and suspended-sediment load (SSL), their dependence on discharge, and their trends with confidence intervals, for one site each on the lowermost Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. The WRTDS model reduces uncertainty in SSCs related to variable streamflow conditions. Flow-normalized SSCs in each river were similar, and decreased from about 260 mg/L to 130 mg/L from 1980 through 2015; combined annual SSL in the two rivers decreased from about 200 Megatons per year (MT/y) to about 100 MT/y. Declines in SSC and SSL were more gradual from 2005 through 2015 and show signs of stabilizing. Our estimates of SSL in 2015 differ markedly from several recently published estimates of current and projected future Mississippi River SSLs, which were generally around 200 MT/y. However, these values came mostly from a different site upstream on the Mississippi River. The relationship between SSC and streamflow differed in an important way between the two rivers. SSC increased as streamflow increased for the entire range of observed streamflow in the Atchafalaya River. In the Mississippi River, SSC followed the same pattern during low and moderate streamflow but decreased at the highest streamflow that tended to occur between January and July. Since much of the water flowing in the Atchafalaya originates from the Mississippi River, the difference suggests a within-basin source of suspended sediment for the Atchafalaya River that is absent in the lower Mississippi River. These findings have important implications for the restoration of deltaic wetlands in coastal Louisiana. Accurate estimates of the SSL available in each river are crucial for understanding how effective diversions of river water into adjacent estuaries will be in sustaining these wetlands. Our study demonstrates that there might be far less sediment available than previously reported. Further, the difference in the relationship between SSC and streamflow in the two rivers is highly relevant to the ongoing discussion of coastal restoration strategies because the delta building that is occurring at the mouth of the Atchafalaya River is frequently used as a model of what could be expected with controlled diversions in the lower Mississippi River delta. The differences in the SSC behavior with changes in streamflow between the two rivers needs to be considered when results from the Atchafalaya River system are projected to those of the Mississippi River.
Approximation Theorems of Analysis

Analysis to a large extent makes estimates. But there is also a component to analysis which furnishes identities between various expressions, so an essentially algebraic structure as distinguished from estimates. Dirac sequences and Dirac families involve both aspects.
Stakeholder Theory at the Crossroads

The stakeholder perspective has provided a rich forum for a variety of debates at the intersection of business and society. Scholars gathered for two consecutive years, first in North America, and ...
Stability Impact of PV Inverter Generation on Medium Voltage Distribution Systems

With an increasing number of photovoltaic (PV) inverters in the distribution system, their impact is no longer negligible, especially in the aspect of dynamic interaction. Accordingly, a comparison is done among PV inverters of different capacities, at different physical locations, at different reactive power control modes and at different operation states, to determine their impact on the system operation and stability. Generalized Nyquist Criteria (GNC) based on impedances in DQ frames is used for stability assessment, which is validated by time domain simulation results from MATLAB. And selected experiments are conducted to validate the findings of the study. From these, guidelines are formulated to manage PV inverter connection locations and reactive power control strategy and parameters.
Impact of a Boot Camp Translation Intervention on Self-Management Support in Primary Care

Purpose Self-management support (SMS) is a pillar of the well-established chronic care model and a key component of improving outcomes for patients with chronic illnesses. The Implementing Networks' Self-management Tools Through Engaging Patients and Practices (INSTTEPP) trial sought to determine whether a boot camp translation process could assist small to medium-sized primary care practices with care managers implement SMS tools. Methods INSTTEPP used a stepped-wedge design across 16 practices from 4 practice-based research networks over 12 months. Each network completed a 2-month boot camp translation for creating SMS tools with 16 participants (2 patients, a clinician, and a care manager from each of 4 practices) and subsequent implementation. Outcome measures for patients were the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), self-rated health, and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) process-of-care items at baseline, 1 and 2 months. Clinician Support for Patient Activation Measure (CS-PAM) and theory of planned behavior outcomes were assessed at 5 points over 10 months for clinicians and staff. Results A total of 297 patients and 89 practice staff and clinicians completed surveys during the study. Over successive 2-month sampling periods, intervention patients experienced greater improvement in PACIC process of care and self-rated health compared to control patients (P 0.10 for all) were not significantly different. Conclusions Significant effects on process of care and self-rated health are evidence that the boot camp translation intervention impacted SMS. A larger trial with a typical 6-month boot camp intervention may show significant effects on other outcomes.
Optimal Operation of Residential EVs using DNN and Clustering based Energy Forecast

In this paper, we present a scheduling scheme for household Electric vehicles based on deep neural network based demand forecast. A novel clustering based Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF) using deep neural network (DNN) is presented in this paper to forecast the household and EV demand. The forecasting is performed on electricity demand profiles for 200 households from the Midwest region of the United States. Tensor-flow based deep learning platform was used to develop deep learning structure. The households are clustered according to demand profiles and the grouped consumers are used as the forecasting parameters. The scheduling model uses the forecasted household and EV demand values to develop a linear programming based optimization model to minimize the electricity cost for consumers. Household and cluster constraints are considered in the optimization model to limit the sudden surge in power demand during low-price time periods.
Adaptation to antiangiogenic therapy in neurological tumors

Because tumors require a vascular supply for their survival and growth, angiogenesis is considered an important therapeutic target in most human cancers including cancer of the central nervous system. Antiangiogenic therapy has focused on inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. VEGF pathway-targeted drugs have shown therapeutic efficacy in several CNS tumors and have been tried most frequently in glioblastoma. These therapies, however, have been less effective than anticipated as some patients do not respond to therapy and some receive only modest benefit. Underlying this suboptimal response are multiple mechanisms of drug resistance involving changes in both tumor cells and their microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the multiple proposed mechanisms by which neurological tumors evolve to become resistant to antiangiogenic therapies. A better understanding of these mechanisms, their context, and their interplay will likely facilitate improvements in pharmacological strategies for the targeted treatment of neurological tumors.