cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
U-shaped slow-wave transmission lines in 0.18μm CMOS

An area-efficient U-shaped slow-wave coplanar waveguide (U-SCPW) in a standard 0.18µm CMOS process is presented. Compared to a conventional straight line CPW (S-CPW), it provides a more compact layout because of its approximate 1:1 aspect ratio. Measured results show that it has a quality factor and phase velocity comparable to its straight-line counterpart with measured Q ~ 30 at 23 GHz.
Scattering from loaded narrow grooves and slits in thick conducting plates

The authors derive analytical expressions for the equivalent magnetic current distributions over the apertures of material-filled narrow grooves and slits based on a quasi-static approximation of the pertinent integral equations. The solutions exhibit the expected edge behavior at the terminations and are used to find closed-form expressions for the echo-width of the groove. Both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations are treated. The derived analytical expressions for the equivalent currents are of potential importance in constructing suitable models for long and narrow three-dimensional apertures. >
Real time polyp diagnosis: where do we go from here?

Gastroenterology is in many ways a technology-driven field. One might expect rapid gains and advancements; however, incorporation of new technology is not easy for many reasons. Most importantly this is medicine. It is not about the best gadget that will boost the bottom line. We need to do right by our patients and their health. We need proof that a new technology works and that it can be implemented effectively and safely. The approach to small polyps is a good example of how difficult it is to advance the field through technology. We have developed better imaging techniques—narrow band imaging (NBI), Fujinon intelligence chromoendoscopy, iScan and others—with the promise to predict polyp histology real time.1 ,2 Especially for diminutive polyps, real time diagnosis may improve efficiency, lower cost and improve patient safety.3–5 But what is really needed to bring real time polyp diagnosis into clinical practice? The American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy led Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) initiative has provided a roadmap and suggested thresholds that need to be met before incorporating two changes to our clinical practice of polyp resection:2 1. Confidently diagnosed diminutive polyps can be resected and discarded if the recommended surveillance interval that is based on real time diagnosis agrees with the surveillance interval based on the pathology in at least 90% of patients. 2. Confidently diagnosed diminutive hyperplastic …
Hippocampal CA1 Transcriptional Profile of Sleep Deprivation: Relation to Aging and Stress

Background: Many aging changes seem similar to those elicited by sleep-deprivation and psychosocial stress. Further, sleep architecture changes with age suggest an age-related loss of sleep. Here, we hypothesized that sleep deprivation in young subjects would elicit both stress and aging-like transcriptional responses. Methodology/Principal Findings: F344 rats were divided into control and sleep deprivation groups. Body weight, adrenal weight, corticosterone level and hippocampal CA1 transcriptional profiles were measured. A second group of animals was exposed to novel environment stress (NES), and their hippocampal transcriptional profiles measured. A third cohort exposed to control or SD was used to validate transcriptional results with Western blots. Microarray results were statistically contrasted with prior transcriptional studies. Microarray results pointed to sleep pressure signaling and macromolecular synthesis disruptions in the hippocampal CA1 region. Animals exposed to NES recapitulated nearly one third of the SD transcriptional profile. However, the SD -aging relationship was more complex. Compared to aging, SD profiles influenced a significant subset of genes. mRNA associated with neurogenesis and energy pathways showed agreement between aging and SD, while immune, glial, and macromolecular synthesis pathways showed SD profiles that opposed those seen in aging. Conclusions/Significance: We conclude that although NES and SD exert similar transcriptional changes, selective presynaptic release machinery and Homer1 expression changes are seen in SD. Among other changes, the marked decrease in Homer1 expression with age may represent an important divergence between young and aged brain response to SD. Based on this, it seems reasonable to conclude that therapeutic strategies designed to promote sleep in young subjects may have off-target effects in the aged. Finally, this work identifies presynaptic vesicular release and intercellular adhesion molecular signatures as novel therapeutic targets to counter effects of SD in young subjects.
Toxicity of oxidized low density lipoproteins for vascular smooth muscle cells and partial protection by antioxidants

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is known to be toxic to a variety of cell types, but relatively little is known about the toxic effects of oxLDL on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). We found that LDL oxidized by incubation with 5 microM cupric ions was toxic to cultured porcine SMC when administered at concentrations of 25 micrograms protein/ml and higher. The toxicity was demonstrated whether cells were proliferating or not, and was more evident in the presence of 0.4% lipoprotein-deficient serum than in 10%. Because of recent evidence that 7-ketocholesterol and 7-hydroxycholesterol are toxic species in copper-oxidized LDL, inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase was hypothesized as a mechanism of toxicity. However, mevalonic acid, the product of this enzyme, failed to protect against the toxicity of either oxLDL or the pure oxysterols. Alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol acetate, probucol, butylated hydroxytoluene, and deferoxamine provided partial protection to SMC exposed to oxLDL. These results suggested a toxic role for newly initiated lipid peroxidation, either in cells or in media oxLDL. Cellular lipid peroxidation appeared more likely, since no further oxidation of media oxLDL was demonstrated in the presence or absence of antioxidants. Overall, the results suggest that toxicity of copper-oxidized LDL for SMC is multifactorial and differs from the previously described toxicity of iron-oxidized LDL for fibroblasts.
What do we want to know

The American Dental Association (ADA) recently released its 2005 Research Agenda, which lists over 70 topics that have been deemed “Research of Importance to the Practicing Dentist.” The mission statement for the document reads as follows: “A major objective of the Association is to promote a good quality of life by improving the oral health care of the public and encouraging optimal health behaviors. To achieve this objective, it is imperative that the Association take a leading role in promoting, conducting, and critically reviewing research on topics related to dentistry and its relationship to the overall health of the individual. The Association should serve as a facilitator of the national dental research effort, help determine the priority of topics for research and ensure the timely dissemination of information to the profession.” I was impressed by this mission statement because it articulates the leadership role that the ADA has assumed with regard to all aspects of science in dentistry. There is sometimes a disconnect between the science and the practice of dentistry, and the ADA should be commended for attempting to integrate them. It is not an easy task, because many dentists rely heavily on the opinions derived from their practices (experience-based) and espoused by recognized experts (eminence-based) to assist them in their treatment decisions. Often, the literature is simply overlooked. It takes courage for the ADA to list some of these issues because, in a sense, it is an admission that the profession has less than perfect knowledge. For instance, “identification of appropriate and inappropriate drug regimens and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis” was listed as an urgent area for investigation. When I was a dental student (almost 20 years ago), my instructors insisted that we follow the antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines as if they were written in stone. I have subsequently learned that this is not the case; the
New Trends in Invertebrate Neurosecretion

Four years ago, the Fifth International Symposium in Kiel featured a comprehensive overview on the state of neurosecretion in invertebrates (Scharrer and Weitzman, 1970). Therefore, in updating this report, we can confine ourselves to a few focal areas which spotlight current progress in this field. Most of these advances, conceptual as well as factual, are based largely on recent studies in insects and parallel those obtained in vertebrates. In both groups, the critical evaluation of the neurosecretory neuron, and its place within the spectrum of neurochemical mediation, continues to occupy center stage in our interest.
Patterns and costs of printed and online journal usage

This study in an academic medical sciences library setting examines the correlation of usage of a matched set of print and online titles, the validity of ejournals usage statistics and the impact of online journals on print journal usage. The print and online usage was determined for 270 journals, both versions of which were available. Print usage was determined annually since 1997 using the reshelving and the error-copies method. Online usage statistics were delivered by five publishers and corrected for redundant multiple accesses. Print journal usage decreased by 22.3 and 30.2% respectively over each of 2 years after the introduction of online journals. Journals published both in print and online lost 30.4% of their print usage within 2 years. The total loss of usage of print-only titles in the same period was somewhat higher, at 45.8%. The average correlation between online and print usage is 0.60 and 0.67 respectively. For the examined titles, users accessed the online versions ten times as often as the print version. Two clearly distinguishable groupings emerged: while with Academic Press and Elsevier, e-journal usage exceeded print usage by a factor of 3 or 4, the e-journals of Blackwell, HighWire and Springer were used on average 14.6 times as frequently as the corresponding print journals. Each usage of a print article cost 2.79‐50.82 $ , each usage of an online article 0.31‐ 15.10 $ , depending on the publisher. On average, the usage of an online article was 5.4 times cheaper. Within 2‐3 years the usage of online journals has outstripped that of print titles by a factor of ten, but the specific spectrum of usage remains much the same as when only print journals alone existed. Print titles not available online suffer a greater decline in usage compared with print/online journals. This confirms that what is read or purchased is determined primarily by ease of access and that there is a steady tendency to reduce the multiplicity of access modes to a manageable few. The availability of journals online seems to have created a new clientele, at least in the case of the German-language Springer journals. The connection between supplier and supply is much less clear with e-journals than it is with print titles. Therefore it is very important to stress and encourage the role of the library as the supplier of this sort of information in the university environment. Collection building issues are discussed in the light of the results.
Leukocytic transfer of the immediate types of allergic reaction in man: I. Techniques for the local passive transfer of atopic hypersensitiveness through the use of leukocytes and their derivatives☆

Abstract The local passive transfer of the atopic wheal type of skin reaction, which had previously been effected with suspensions of viable leukocytes, has now been accomplished by the use of extracts of fragmented white blood cells. The suspension and extraction techniques have been described in detail. They have thus far been found to be equally successful for passive transfer except in those experiments in which the preservation of cell viability is a prerequisite, in which case the suspension technique is obligatory. The relative merits and disadvantages of both procedures have been reviewed. The absence of a pronounced inflammatory response at passive transfer sites prepared with leukocytic extracts minimizes most of the difficulties encountered in the testing and reading of sites prepared with leukocytic suspensions.
Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Pieris rapae remains in guts of arthropod predators

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect remains ofPieris rapaeL. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) immature stages in the guts of field collected arthropod predators. The assay can be used to help ascertain the relative importance of arthropod predator species in suppressing P. rapae in cabbage, Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. The ELISA is sensitive to all immature stages of P. rapae, although first and fifth instars can be detected more readily than eggs or pupae and third instars showed intermediate detectability. Assays on whole body homogenates of predators readily detected predation on P. rapae first instars by all seven of the predator species tested, although response generally declined with increasing predator size. Together the results show that the P. rapae ELISA possesses a sufficiently high level of sensitivity and specificity to be a useful tool in helping to elucidate the roles of arthropod predator species in reducing populations of P. rapae in cabbage.
Evolution of Character Displacement in Darwin's Finches

Competitor species can have evolutionary effects on each other that result in ecological character displacement; that is, divergence in resource-exploiting traits such as jaws and beaks. Nevertheless, the process of character displacement occurring in nature, from the initial encounter of competitors to the evolutionary change in one or more of them, has not previously been investigated. Here we report that a Darwin's finch species (Geospiza fortis) on an undisturbed Galapagos island diverged in beak size from a competitor species (G. magnirostris) 22 years after the competitor's arrival, when they jointly and severely depleted the food supply. The observed evolutionary response to natural selection was the strongest recorded in 33 years of study, and close to the value predicted from the high heritability of beak size. These findings support the role of competition in models of community assembly, speciation, and adaptive radiations.
Tensile Tensegrity Structures

An optimized tensegrity system is designed to be efficient in tension. The system is composed of simple units each having one compressive member (bar) and four tensile members (strings). The total number of units in the network is pq where p is the number of parallel lines of units, and each line is q units long. The problem solved is to find the angle between the strings of each unit and the optimal complexity p, q so as to minimize the mass of the total system while satisfying a stiffness constraint.
Variations in Atmospheric CO2 Mixing Ratios across a Boston, MA Urban to Rural Gradient

Urban areas are directly or indirectly responsible for the majority of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this study, we characterize observed atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios and estimated CO2 fluxes at three sites across an urban-to-rural gradient in Boston, MA, USA. CO2 is a well-mixed greenhouse gas, but we found significant differences across this gradient in how, where, and when it was exchanged. Total anthropogenic emissions were estimated from an emissions inventory and ranged from 1.5 to 37.3 mg· C· ha −1 · yr −1 between rural Harvard Forest and urban Boston. Despite this large increase in anthropogenic emissions, the mean annual difference in atmospheric CO2 between sites was approximately 5% (20.6 ± 0.4 ppm). The influence of vegetation was also visible across the gradient. Green-up occurred near day of year 126, 136, and 141 in Boston, Worcester and Harvard Forest, respectively, highlighting differences in growing season length. In Boston, gross primary production—estimated by scaling productivity by canopy cover—was ~75% lower than at Harvard Forest, yet still constituted a significant local flux of 3.8 mg· C· ha −1 · yr −1 . In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we must improve our understanding of the space-time variations and underlying drivers of urban carbon fluxes.
A Simulation Study of Shallow Moist Convection and Its Impact on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract By comparing regional model simulations with the observations collected at the southern Great Plains (SGP) site and the tropical western Pacific (TWP) Nauru site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) project, this paper evaluates the overall performance of a recently developed shallow cumulus parameterization scheme under different meteorological conditions. The scheme is incorporated into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The simulations indicate that the shallow cumulus scheme can accurately simulate both marine shallow cumuli and the observed diurnal cycle of continental shallow cumuli. Both subgrid cloud properties and the resolved thermodynamic structures and the surface energy budget are well simulated by the model. Using the simulations performed in this study, the authors also investigate the impact of shallow cumuli on the boundary layer structure. The simulations indicate that maritime shallow convection moistens and cools the cloud ...
Information Content of Mandated Bank Stress Test Disclosures

Prior studies generally question the credibility and usefulness of the disclosed outcomes of government stress tests of banks in the European Union during the recent global financial crisis. In contrast, I document robust evidence that the geographic distribution of sovereign- and credit-risk exposures disclosed in the EU stress-test results enables clear sorting of strong and weak banks on the basis of expected future performance and sovereign spillover risk. Ex ante bank specific exposure measures developed using test disclosures have predictive information content for cross-sectional variation in subsequent equity and credit returns, return volatility, the yield curve, and analyst forecast revisions.
Wide bandwidth for high-speed communication in mid-range, resonant WPT and RFID systems

In this paper we present an experimental wireless power transfer (WPT) prototype that has achieved a 118 kHz power transfer bandwidth operating at the maximum achievable efficiency. Using a simulation and analytical model we show that the power transfer bandwidth of an optimally tuned WPT system is determined by the loaded Q of the system and not by the Q of the resonant tanks. This observation lead to the realization of a WPT communication system that can transmit data at high data rates greater than 8% of the carrier frequency, a data rate significantly greater than has previously been proposed for resonant WPT and RFID systems.
Pragmatist Ethics, Disability and Educative Growth

Disability ethics was not on my radar until last term when I encountered two disabled students. The experience of observing and working with them transformed the way I view disability and educational opportunity. In pragmatist’s language, the problem of how to equalize educational opportunity for the disabled did not really dawn on me until a felt difficulty arose in my own lived experience. So, rather than an analytical piece, my paper is more of a narrative, describing how my own lived experience as an educator changed my understanding and appreciation of the challenges faced by disabled students, as well as choices that confront faculty and administrators intent on equalizing educational opportunity for the disabled. What little analysis I do attempt comes out in four themes that I distill from the two narratives. I’m sure that there are more themes that others with more expertise on disability ethics can draw from these narratives.
Rethinking Surrogate Decision-Making: Evidence from a Qualitative Study of Physicians

Background The standard ethical approach to surrogate decision making is based on the principle of respect for autonomy, through the use of advance directives and substituted judgment, and on the principle of beneficence, or promoting and protecting the patient's interests. However, little attention has been given to how well these theoretical ethical standards are reflected in clinical practice. Methods In-depth, semi-structured interviews about surrogate decision-making were conducted with 21 physicians in an academic medical center. Each physician was interviewed at the conclusion of a period of inpatient service. Physicians were asked to describe a situation in which a patient was unable to make a major medical decision regarding the use of life-sustaining therapy, , or placement in a long term care facility, and then to describe the ethical principles important in surrogate decision making. All factors that physicians used to explain or justify their medical decisions were included in the present analysis. Results All but one of the physicians approached for the study had cared for a patient within the previous month who lacked decision making capacity and required a major medical decision. Physicians identified six major considerations that guided decision-making: the patient's wishes, the patient's interests, the surrogate's wishes, the surrogate's interests, clinical judgment and knowledge and authority. Conclusion Although physicians engaged in surrogate decision making often rely on the traditional, patient-centered ethical principles of respect for autonomy and best interest, surrogate wishes and interest were also important to decision making. Moreover, physicians appeal to other sources of authority such as clinical judgment. Physicians' decision-making framework is broader and more complex than previously thought and may rely on factors that have been ignored in traditional ethical models. In order to be useful for practicing physicians, future guidelines must explicitly include these additional factors.
Relationship Marketing: International Comparisons of Channel and Logistical Integration Interfaces

The integration of global channel and logistical relationships is an especially important contemporary topic for marketers. The marketing of exchange relationships between a company and its external customers, internal customers, and supplier partners can be an important and synergistic source of lasting competitive advantage. The present research compares the channel relationship marketing and logistical practices used by approximately two thousand firms from the United States, Japan, Korea, and Australia.
The Economics Underlying the Ethics of Fiscal Stimuli

The author considers the basic economics of fiscal stimuli so that readers can make more informed ethical pronouncements.
Molecular Biologic Approaches to Research in Onchocerciasis

Le but de cette table ronde a ete de concentrer l'attention sur le probleme de l'onchocercose dans le contexte des methodes possibles de biologie moleculaire qui peuvent contribuer a la lutte contre la maladie et d'obtenir des avis autorises sur les methodes optimales de cette lutte basees sur la methodologie actuelle
Abstract 3544: Role of tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T lymphocytes in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that immunotherapy is a promising strategy for treating breast cancer, and understanding of the roles of different subtypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment may be essential to cancer treatment and elimination. We recently discovered that enriched gammadelta1 T cell populations in the breast cancer TILs can suppress naive and effector T cell responses and block the maturation and activities of dendritic cells (DC). In order to investigate the functional role of tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T cells in the immune pathogenesis of breast cancer, we further performed immunohistochemical staining to analyze gammadelta T cells, as well as CD4+, CD8+, IL-17-producing and FoxP3+ T cells in 50 freshly frozen tumor tissues from different stages of identified primary breast cancer and paired normal breast tissues. We found that the numbers of gammadelta T cells among tumor tissues were significantly increased compared with those in normal breast tissues in breast cancer patients. High numbers of gammadelta T cells were present in the patients with high tumor grades and lymph node metastases. Importantly, the patients with a high proportion of gammadelta T cells showed poorer survival rates in comparison to those with a low proportion of gammadelta T cells in breast cancer. These results indicate that gammadelta T cells constitute a dominant population existing in the breast tumor suppressive microenvironment that is negatively associated with clinical outcome, which may be an important cancer immunotherapeutic target for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3544. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3544
Death anxiety before and after death education: negative results.

A death education program did not lower death anxiety in 76 females and 15 males (aged 19 to 66 yr.) in health-care and helping professions over a 2-day workshop or 4 wk. later. Perhaps the program...
Horizontal transfer of DNA methylation patterns into bacterial chromosomes

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the non-inherited acquisition of novel DNA sequences. HGT is common and important in bacteria because it enables the rapid generation of new phenotypes such as antibiotic resistance. Here we show that in vivo and in vitro DNA methylation patterns can be horizontally transferred into bacterial chromosomes to program cell phenotypes. The experiments were performed using a synthetic system in Escherichia coli where different DNA methylation patterns within the cis-regulatory sequence of the agn43 gene turn on or off a fluorescent reporter (CFP). With this system we demonstrated that DNA methylation patterns not only accompany the horizontal transfer of genes into the bacterial cytoplasm but can be transferred into chromosomes by: (i) bacteriophage P1 transduction; and (ii) transformation of extracellular synthetic DNA. We also modified the experimental system by replacing CFP with the SgrS small RNA, which regulates glucose and methyl α-D-glucoside uptake, and showed that horizontally acquired DNA methylation patterns can increase or decrease cell fitness. That is, horizontally acquired DNA methylation patterns can result in the selection for and against cells that have HGT. Findings from these proof-of-concept experiments have applications in synthetic biology and potentially broad implications for bacterial adaptation and evolution.
Information Visibility in Humanitarian Operations: Current State-of-the-Art

Humanitarian operations can be greatly improved through increased supply chain visibility, that is, availability of information throughout the supply chain. This is broadly true for all types of humanitarian operations, whether disaster relief, global health efforts, capacity building, or community development. This chapter establishes basic supply chain visibility needs in humanitarian contexts and explores current state-of-the-art technologies and applications employed to address these. Identified visibility needs for humanitarian operations include tracking of location, tracking of inventory levels, temperature monitoring, tracing product information, information sharing, and decision making support. Through review of current state-of-the-art technologies and applications aimed at increasing visibility in humanitarian operations, this chapter demonstrates that they are indeed varied in approach and complexity; while each tackle different needs, no one solution satisfies all. Thus, multifaceted and disjoined efforts must be employed to achieve even low levels of visibility today. This chapter concludes with identification of persisting gaps in current state-of-the-art technologies and applications, which can direct future efforts of researchers, developers and users.
Pilot study to determine whether transient receptor potential melastatin type 8 (TRPM8) antibodies are detected in scleroderma.

OBJECTIVES A key mediator in cold-sensation is the protein transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), which is expressed on sensory nerves and cutaneous blood vessels. These receptors are activated by cold temperatures and play a key role in body thermoregulation. Cold sensitivity and Raynaud's phenomenon are frequent clinical features in scleroderma, and are thought to be secondary to a local defect in cutaneous thermoregulation. We investigated whether autoantibodies targeting TRPM8 were present in the sera of patients with scleroderma as evidence for a possible mechanism for an acquired immune mediated defect in thermoregulation. METHODS Sera from 50 well-characterised scleroderma patients with Raynaud's phenomenon were studied. TRPM8 autoantibodies were assayed as follows: 1. immunoprecipitation with 35S-methionine-labelled TRPM8 generated by in vitro transcription and translation, 2. immunoblotting lysates made from cells transiently transfected with TRPM8 cDNA, 3. Immunoprecipitation of TRPM8 transfected lysates with detection by blotting and 4. flow cytometry. RESULTS Fifty scleroderma patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (41 female, 39 Caucasian, 23 with limited scleroderma, and 20 with history of cancer) were studied. Four different methods to assay for TRPM8 antibodies were set up, optimised and validated using commercial antibodies. All 50 scleroderma patients' sera were assayed using each of the above methods, and all were negative for TRPM8 autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS Antibodies against TRPM8 are not found in scleroderma patient sera, suggesting that the abnormal cold sensitivity and associated abnormal vascular reactivity in scleroderma patients is not the result of an immune process targeting TRPM8.
Numerical algorithms based on Galerkin methods for the modeling of reactive interfaces in photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells

Abstract This work concerns the numerical solution of a coupled system of self-consistent reaction–drift–diffusion–Poisson equations that describes the macroscopic dynamics of charge transport in photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells with reactive semiconductor and electrolyte interfaces. We present three numerical algorithms, mainly based on a mixed finite element and a local discontinuous Galerkin method for spatial discretization, with carefully chosen numerical fluxes, and implicit–explicit time stepping techniques, for solving the time-dependent nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. We perform computational simulations under various model parameters to demonstrate the performance of the proposed numerical algorithms as well as the impact of these parameters on the solution to the model.
Coexistence of regional enteritis and carcinoid tumor.

This is the case of a 52-year-old man with regional enteritis treated by ileal resection. Recurrent symptoms led to further resection and the surgical specimen showed persistent regional enteritis and malignant carcinoid tumor. A recent review which discussed all tumors reported to occur concomitantly with Crohn’s disease did not include this particular combination.
Introduction: The Spirits of the Age

The debate over granting full civil rights to Irish and British Catholics, often referred to as the ‘Catholic Question’, had gripped British politics since the 1770s by the time Leigh Hunt added his own baffled indignation in an 1808 Examiner article
WHAT A SIGHT IT IS

With the above words, the radio commentator Herbert Morrison decorated his live broadcast on WLS, the Chicago-based, Prairie Farmer Station, on the night of Thursday May 6, 1937.
New method for optimizing the necessary time to update the Azimut-Elevation heliostat position in the blind tracking

In this work, we deal with the problem of the Azimuth-Elevation (AE) blind tracking for the heliostats in solar central tower. The variation of the AE heliostat angular positions is supposed to happen in well-defined steps of time. It is the time necessary for updating the heliostat position where the mirror is kept properly aligned to the receiver situated on the top of the tower. We noted it here as the time necessary to update the position: TUP. This approach allows identifying the optimal rate of calculation of the new position and avoiding the arbitrary determination of TUP to reduce the number of motor interventions.
Comparison of two different winding topologies for external-rotor five-phase PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motor in vehicle applications

This paper compares the performance of five-phase external rotor permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMaSynRMs) for two different winding configurations. In vehicle applications, five-phase winding improves power density, fault tolerant capability and reduces torque pulsation compared to a conventional three-phase winding whereas the adoption of external rotor architecture increases the power density. However, the degree of freedom reduces in selecting winding configuration for multiphase motors which is very critical for performance of PMaSynRM. Therefore, for the design external rotor PMaSynRM, the winding topology like slot/pole combination and coil-distribution should be carefully selected to obtain higher power density with higher efficiency and lower cost. This paper compares the electromagnetic performance of two motors having two different winding topologies, one has fractional-slot concentrated winding (FSCW) with 15slot/12pole and the other one has fractional-slot distributed winding with 25slot/12pole. The analytical modeling and optimization procedure to obtain these motors have been discussed briefly followed by thorough finite element analysis to compare the performance of the motors. Finally, the experimental results have been presented to verify the induced voltage of one motor at no load condition.
Porous Substrates Promote Endothelial Migration at the Expense of Fibronectin Fibrillogenesis.

Porous substrates have gained increased usage in cell studies and tissue mimetic applications because they can partition distinct cell types while still allowing important biochemical crosstalk. In the presented work, we investigated how porous substrates with micron and submicron features influence early cell migration and the associated ECM establishment, which can critically affect the rate of cell coverage on the substrate and the ensuing tissue organization. We showed through time-lapse microscopy that cell speed and migratory distance on membranes with 0.5 μm pores were nearly 2-fold of those observed on nonporous membranes, while values on membranes with 3.0 μm pores fell in between. Although the cell directionality ratio and the persistence time was unaffected by the presence of pores, the cells did exhibit directionality preferences based on the hexagonal pore patterning. Fibronectin fibrillogenesis exhibited a distinct inverse relationship to cell speed, as the fibrils formed on the nonporous co...
Poly(Enaminonitriles): New Materials with Interesting Properties

The thermal stability of polymers is influenced by both chemical and physical factors.1,2 The chemical factors are primary bond strength, secondary or van der Waals’ bonding forces, hydrogen bonding, resonance stabilization, mechanism of bond cleavage, molecular symmetry, purity, crosslinking and branching. The physical factors include molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and crystallinity. The primary bond strength contributes the most to the thermal stability of polymers. The bond dissociation energy4 of a carbon - carbon single bond is 350 kJ/mol, and that of a carbon -carbon double bond is 610 kJ/mol. A double bond in an aromatic system is further strengthened by resonance stabilization, adding 164 to 287 kJ/mol to the bond dissociation energy. Almost all thermally stable polymers contains aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings. The bond dissociation energy of a carbon - fluorine bond of 430 kJ/mol is increased to 504 kJ/mol by a second fluorine atom attached to the same carbon atom. Therefore, perfluorinated materials are more thermally stable. Inorganic polymers which have inherent higher bond strengths (e.g. B-N, Si-N, Ti-O) are often susceptible to chemical attack such as hydrolysis. As a consequence, few useful polymers containing inorganic backbones have been developed.5
Photon and Electron Physics at MGH 1975–2008

One certain strategy to increase therapeutic efficacy of radiation therapy is to advance radiation physics and the associated technology including improvements in distribution of radiation dose and radiation safety. This includes an increased accuracy of (1) definition of the target contours in 4D; (2) intra-fraction target position in 4D; (3) planning of radiation dose distribution to the defined target, including Monte Carlo dose calculations where appropriate; (4) delivery of the planned dose; (5) access to the complete array of radiation modalities; (6) maintenance of a detailed record of each patient; (7) rigorous adherence to quality assurance (QA) procedures; and (8) working effectively as members of the oncology team.
Community Environmental Psychology

Research in community and environmental psychology emphasizes the powerful role of the everyday social settings where individuals live, work, and learn in shaping human development and behavior. The historical roots of research on social settings trace to Lewin's field theory and Barker's ecological psychology. Social settings can be described in terms of three underlying sets of social climate dimensions: relationship dimensions, personal growth or goal-oriented dimensions, and system maintenance and change dimensions. Relationship dimensions assess the quality of personal relationships in a setting; personal growth or goal-orientation dimensions tap the directions in which an environment encourages personal change and development; system maintenance and change dimensions measure how orderly and organized a setting is and how much control is maintained. Research findings on social settings may be organized according to four social ecological principles: environmental press, setting interdependencies, matching models, and a transactional view. Environmental press and setting interdependencies describe how social settings affect behavior. Matching models and a transactional view describe the dynamic interplay between individuals and social settings.
Waiting Time Density, One Server (M/M/1)

This chapter shows how to calculate the waiting time probabilities for a one-server system, with infinite capacity, exponential inter-arrival times and exponential service times, where the customers are serviced in a first-in-first-out discipline. An example is when a city designs a beat for a squad car and wants to determine the probability that at least 90 percent of the calls received for the beat can begin service within 10 min. The squad car is the service facility and the calls within the beat are the arrivals. Examples are presented.
Analyzing Data from an Android Smartphone while Comparing between Two Forensic Tools

Digital forensics is a branch of forensic science in which past events can be recreated using forensic tools for legal measures. This paper aims to analyze data from an Android smartphone while comparing a commercial and an open source forensic tools. Paraben E3:DS and Autopsy forensic tools were compared to know how well they perform in analyzing data extracted from an Android smartphone. Through this work, it was found that the commercially available Paraben E3:DS outperformed the Autopsy open source forensic tool. It is also concluded that forensic investigators should stick with already well-established guidelines of digital forensics so that evidence can be accepted in the court of law.
Novel Non-biologic Targets for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The biologic era revolutionized the medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allowed for a paradigm shift away from a therapeutic strategy that traditionally relied on corticosteroids and immunomodulators. IBD treatment has now further evolved to encompass novel non-biologic agents. An electronic database search, spanning up to September 2018, was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Abstracts were also reviewed from Digestive Diseases Week, European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization congress, Canadian Digestive Diseases Week, and United European Gastroenterology Week. The JAK1/3 inhibitor, tofacitinib, was shown to both induce and maintain clinical remission and mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC). Also, the sphingosine-1-phosphate (SIP) S1P1/S1P5 receptor agonist ozanimod showed benefit with clinical remission and mucosal healing in UC. Anti-trafficking non-biologic therapies such as AJM300 and a phosphodiesterase (PDE) PDE4 inhibitor, apremilast, have shown benefit in terms of clinical response, clinical remission, and mucosal healing in UC. Upadacitinib and filgotinib have shown initial favorable outcomes in CD patients, with further ongoing trials. Non-biologic agents comprise a growing number of mechanisms of action with the promise of safe and effective oral therapy for patients with IBD.
Development of a single-center quality bundle to prevent sudden unexpected postnatal collapse

Recent reports suggest a rising awareness of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC). Five SUPC events during a 17-month period. A multidisciplinary team used a quality-improvement approach to develop the intervention. The smart aim was to develop a bundled intervention to eliminate SUPC from occurring in the delivery room during skin-to-skin care. A bundled intervention included a standardized assessment tool and measurement of oxygen saturation levels, with prescribed responses to abnormal values, during skin-to-skin care in the delivery room. Pre-intervention, there were five SUPC events/9143 live births (incidence 0.54/1000 live births) compared with 0 SUPC events/13,964 live births post intervention, p = 0.011. Special cause variation was achieved after implementation when the number of deliveries between SUPC events exceeded 3-sigma. A bundled approach to monitoring during skin-to-skin care, including measurement of oxygen saturation, was associated with no additional cases of SUPC.
Genetic lines respond uniquely within the chicken thymic transcriptome to acute heat stress and low dose lipopolysaccharide

Exposure to high temperatures is known to impair immune functions and disease resistance of poultry. Characterizing changes in the transcriptome can help identify mechanisms by which immune tissues, such as the thymus, respond to heat stress. In this study, 22-day-old chickens from two genetic lines (a relatively resistant Fayoumi line and a more susceptible broiler line) were exposed to acute heat stress (35 °C) and/or immune simulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 µg/kg). Transcriptome responses in the thymus were identified by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Expression of most genes was unaffected by heat and/or LPS in the Fayoumi line, whereas these treatments had more impact in the broiler line. Comparisons between the broiler and Fayoumi transcriptomes identified a large number of significant genes both at homeostasis and in response to treatment. Functional analyses predicted that gene expression changes impact immune responses, apoptosis, cell activation, migration, and adhesion. In broilers, acute heat stress changed thymic expression responses to LPS and could impact thymocyte survival and trafficking, and thereby contribute to the negative effects of high temperatures on immune responses. Identification of these genes and pathways provides a foundation for testing targets to improve disease resistance in heat-stressed chickens.
Examining end users’ ability to select business services: A conceptual framework and an empirical study

Abstract Software made from autonomous business services is gaining popularity. Now end users can build large applications by assembling a suite of services. Because some end users might have limited knowledge of their requirements and the functionality of available services, the key challenge is to find the services needed to build an application. The task of finding the services matching requirements requires specialized knowledge—knowledge of requirements and the functionality of available services—not just mere general competence. Moreover, the complexity of the requirements could also hinder the ability of end users to select services. However, there is little research into how the end users’ sophistication and requirement complexity affect their ability to avoid duplication (i.e., select the most cost-effective set of services) and select a set of services that satisfy their requirements. We provide a conceptual framework for the choice problem faced by the decision maker and develop a set of hypotheses on end user's sophistication and requirement complexity, and the impact of these factors on outcome performance—the ability to avoid duplication and select the appropriate services. Then we conduct an empirical study to test the hypotheses. Empirical results offer support for all hypotheses. Our work has several implications. We demonstrate both conceptually and empirically that end users’ naivety has a significant impact on service duplication. For a profit-maximizing service vendor, knowledge of the end user's sophistication/naivety allows there to be different pricing strategies: (1) a pure component strategy, (2) a pure bundling strategy, or (3) a mixed bundling strategy.
Associations Among Patient Care Workers' Schedule Control, Sleep, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intentions

Healthcare is the fastest growing occupational sector in America, yet patient care workers experience low job satisfaction, high turnover, and susceptibility to poor sleep compared to workers in other jobs and industries. Increasing schedule control may be one way to help mitigate these issues. Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we evaluate associations among schedule control (i.e. a contextual resource), employee sleep duration and quality (i.e. personal resources), job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Patient care workers who reported having more schedule control at baseline reported greater sleep duration and sleep quality 6 months later, as well as higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions 12 months later. Workers who experienced greater sleep sufficiency (i.e. feeling well-rested) reported higher job satisfaction 6 months later, and workers who experienced fewer insomnia symptoms (i.e. trouble falling and staying asleep) reported lower turnover intentions 6 months later. The association between schedule control and job satisfaction was partially mediated by greater sleep sufficiency, though this effect was small. Providing patient care workers with greater control over their work schedules and opportunities for improved sleep may improve their job attitudes. Results were not replicated when different analytical approaches were performed, so findings should be interpreted provisionally.