cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of elasticity on slip system activity in face-centered cubic crystals: A numerical study

The effect elasticity may play on the number of active slip systems in face-centered cubic (fcc) crystals in polycrystalline metals is investigated. In this work, an elastoviscoplastic polycrystalline model is used for the analysis. The deformation in each crystal is assumed to be composed of three parts, plastic slip along crystallographic slip systems, an elastic stretch of the lattice and a rigid rotation of the lattice. It is commonly believed that for metals at large strains, the elastic part of the deformation can be neglected in many cases. It has been shown that at least five slip systems must be active to accommodate any arbitrary plastic deformation. In this study, it is shown that, with the inclusion of elasticity, the model predicts that a significant number of grains have less than five active slip systems, even at large strains. In addition, it is also found that the number of active slip systems is significantly affected by the values of the elastic constants.
Localization of angiotensin AT1 receptors in the rat heart conduction system

We characterized angiotensin II receptor subtypes in the conduction system of the rat heart using quantitative autoradiography. In both the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, binding could be totally displaced by losartan, and was insensitive to PD 123177, indicating that angiotensin II receptors in the conduction system of the rat heart belong to the AT1 subtype. Angiotensin AT1 receptors could play a direct role in the regulation of the heart chronotropic properties.
A comparison of adaptive structural forecasting methods for electricity sales

This paper presents the results of a study to determine whether new forecasting technologies might be of use to electric utilities for sales forecasting up to 3 years into the future. The methods considered included ordinary least squares on dynamic structural models, autocorrelated error models, adaptive variance and adaptive parameter models. Overall, the more adaptive models performed best, but most of the methods proved vastly superior to simple least squares models which do not take dynamics into account.
SU‐GG‐T‐12: Dosimetric Impact of Intrinsic Uncertainties of Deformable Registration Algorithms

Purpose: Most deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms require utilize user‐selectable parameters. Inappropriate parameter values may lead to severe under‐performance. This work addresses optimal user‐selected DIR parameter values for Pinnacle3's thin plate spline (TPS) algorithm based on the effect of estimated displacement vector fields (DVFs) uncertainties on dose. Method and Materials: The contour‐based TPS algorithm implemented in a research version of Pinnacle3 v.8.1 is evaluated with a 4D lungCT set. User dependent parameters studied are: selection and number of contoured reference regions, number of vertices used to create the reference region meshes, and the number of sampled vertices in meshes. For varied parameter sets, DVF intrinsic uncertainty (σi) is evaluated by a recursive point dispersion remapping algorithm. Uncertainty maps for each parameter set are used to evaluate the DVF induced dose uncertainty (σD) in each voxel. Results: The TPS algorithm uncertainty improves with the number of mesh points (σi 15% lower, maximum σi ∼30% lower), but with longer computation times. Inclusion of the external body contour improves results (60% σi reduction, maximum σi ∼45% lower). Volume with >1 Gy σD is reduced from ∼250 cm3 to ∼10 cm3 by increasing the number of mesh points and to ∼14 cm3 by including the body contour. Maximum σD is reduced from 13.7 Gy to 9.3 Gy with more mesh points and to 7.4 Gy with the body contour. Conclusion: Appropriate DIR parameter selection improves 4D mapping precision. Pinnacle3's TPS performs best with the external body as a reference region. Use of four to six regions is found to be adequate, provided regions are not small. Increasing the number of mesh construction vertices or the number of sampled vertices results in a moderate improvement at the cost of increased computation time. Conflict of Interest Supported by NIH‐P01CA116602 and Philips Medical Systems
BURYING THE DUKE: VICTORIAN MOURNING AND THE FUNERAL OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON

So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.I Cor. 15.54IN MID-CENTURY LONDON there occurred a spectacle of massive proportions, featuring always at its center a corpse. The funeral of the Duke of Wellington, an event that has occasioned surprisingly little critical attention, took place in 1852 and was recognized as one of the greatest public displays of the Victorian period.1 Indeed, many felt it to be one of the most significant public events in the history of Britain, and if Britain, then of course the globe: as the Illustrated London News put it, “[this event] may be said to have surpassed in significant grandeur any similar tribute to greatness ever offered in the world” (Nov. 20, 1852, 430).2 St. Paul’s Cathedral was specially illuminated with six thousand new gas lights in preparation for the ceremony of interment, while the funeral procession, comprised of more than ten thousand marchers, encompassed central London, enjoying an audience numbering more than one and a half million people. Queen Victoria and virtually every major and minor national figure in politics or the arts viewed either the procession or the ceremony at St. Paul’s. The interment was quite literally a multi-media event: the spectacle drew for its effects on numerous disciplines, from literature, music, and journalism to painting, drawing, and architectural design, and spawned in turn editorials, songs, poems, paintings, prints, and engravings.
Thermostable polar-phase open-tubular glass capillary columns

Abstract Borosilicate glass capillary columns coated with polar stationary phases have been successfully prepared by a two-step dynamics/evaporative method. When the liquid filmm is stabilized by a dispersion of fine particles of silanzed silicic acid, the columns are both thermostable and long-lived. Typical column efficiencies are 1700 to 2400 theoretical plates per meter.
From Scotia to Brookwood, fatal US underground coal mine explosions ignited in intake air courses

Abstract The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, conducted a study of past mine explosions to identify the ignition locations and ignition sources responsible for the most severe explosion events resulting in death. Since the Scotia disaster of 1976, many fatalities from underground coal mine explosions have been linked to nonpermissible electrical equipment ignition sources located in intake air courses. With few exceptions, explosion protected equipment is generally not required in intake air courses of gassy underground coal mines in the US. Cigarette lighters were another prevalent ignition source for fatal explosions ignited in intake air courses. Several mine rescue/recovery teams have encountered electrical ignition hazards. The study provides evidence that intake air courses of gassy underground coal mines fit the description of certain Hazardous (classified) locations described in the US National Electrical Code®. Class I Division 2 or Zone 2 explosion protection techniques may be used to design intake air equipment so that it does not present an ignition source under normal operation, before mine power is shut down in emergency situations. Nonpermissible circuits in intake air courses that are likely to remain energized during emergencies, e.g. battery powered equipment, should be protected by more stringent Class I Division 1, Zone 1, or Zone 0 techniques, to protect rescue/recovery personnel.
A triangular spectral element method; applications to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract Encouraged by the success of spectral elements methods in computational fluid dynamics and p-type finite element methods in structural mechanics we wish to extend these ideas to solving high order polynomial approximations on triangular domains as the next generation of spectral element solvers. We introduce here a complete formulation using a modal basis which has been implemented in a new code NeκTαr . The new basis has the following properties: Jacobi polynomials of mixed weights; semi-orthogonality; hierarchical structure; generalized tensor ( warped ) product; variable order; and a new apex co-ordinate system allowing automated integration with Gaussian quadrature. We have discussed the formulation using a matrix notation which allows for an easy interpretation of the forward and backward transformations. We use this notation to formulate the linear advection and Helmholtz equations in an efficient manner and show that we recover the following properties: well conditioned matrices; asymptotic operation count of O ( N 3 ); scaling O ( N 2 of the spectral radius of the weak convective operator; and exponential convergence using polynomials up to ∼ 40. Having constructed and numerically analysed these equations we are then able to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a high-order splitting scheme. We demonstrate a variety of results showing exponential convergence using both deformed and straight triangular subdomains for both the Stokes and Navier-Stokes problems.
Destruction of a single cell in the central nervous system of the leech as a means of analysing its connexions and functional role

A method has been devised for killing an individual neurone in the C.N.S. of the leech by injecting it with Pronase. The technique has been used to examine the role of individual sensory and motor cells involved in producing reflex movements. 1. After a neurone was injected with Pronase, either in an intact animal or an isolated ganglion, its cell body lost its resting and action potentials. Some hours later the injected cell's axons in the periphery failed to conduct impulses. In the intact animal the cell body could no longer be discerned after a few weeks. 2. To test for destruction of processes within the neuropile, cells were injected first with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and then several hours later with Pronase. Absence of the characteristic HRP reaction product indicated that Pronase had spread throughout the arborization of the cell. 3. Injection of Pronase into one cell did not produce overt electrophysiological or anatomical changes in other cells in the ganglion including neurones that were originally electrically coupled to the killed cell. 4. Evidence that an individual cell was the only motoneurone supplying particular muscles was provided by destruction of that cell in otherwise intact animals, which resulted in a characteristic motor deficit in the area supplied by the killed cell. Over a period of months, functional recovery of the affected muscles occurred by way of homologous cells in adjacent ganglia. 5. A further application of the technique was to trace the connexion that a particular sensory neurone makes onto two motoneurones that are electrically coupled. Normally, the sensory neurone gives rise to excitatory potentials in both post-synaptic cells. Synaptic potentials could still be recorded in one motor cell after the other had been destroyed by Pronase, indicating that synapses were made directly onto both of the motoneurones.
Comparative characterization of selected additives by high resolution thermogravimetry and nitrogen adsorption

Silicas and carbon blacks are often used as additives in the production of rubber, plastics, paint, ink, etc. Physicochemical properties of the materials depend not only on the properties of principal component, its chemical nature, degree of cross-linking, polarity, but also on the structural and surface properties of additives (fillers), i.e., their surface area, porous structure, hydrophobicity, etc. In the present work selected additives have been characterized by low temperature adsorption and high-resolution thermogravimetry (TGA). Nitrogen adsorption isotherms measured over a wide pressure range were used to evaluate the specific surface area and total pore volume. In addition, the pore volume and adsorption energy distributions were evaluated from the adsorption data in order to characterize the surface and structural properties of the samples studied. High-resolution TGA has been used to study the weight-loss as a function of temperature for both samples immersed in organic liquids such as n-butanol and n-heptane, and those exposed to their vapors. The characteristic features of the weight-loss curves were analyzed in order to assess the total porosity and the specific surface area of the additives studied as well as to obtain additional information about microstructural and surface heterogeneities of these samples. Thermogravimetric values of the total porosity and the specific surface area were compared with those obtained by nitrogen adsorption measurements for selected rubber additives.
Expression and function of calcineurin in the mammalian nephron: Physiological roles, receptor signaling, and ion transport

Protein phosphorylation is central to the regulation of sodium transport and other cellular processes in the nephron. Complex interactions between protein kinases and phosphatases catalyze the reversible phosphorylation of ion transporting proteins on the apical and basolateral surfaces of renal epithelia. Although the role of protein kinases in regulating sodium transport has been extensively studied, the function of phosphatases in the nephron is less well understood. Calcineurin is a serine-threonine phosphatase that was shown to be the target of cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK-506 in lymphocytes. Calcineurin exists in the cytosol as a heterotrimeric protein composed of an alpha-catalytic subunit, beta-regulatory subunit, and calmodulin; its activity depends on calcium and calmodulin. Three isoforms of the alpha-subunit (alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3) and two isoforms of the beta-subunit (beta-1 and beta-2) of calcineurin have been identified. In proximal tubules, alpha-1 isoforms are predominant and exceed alpha-2 expression by fourfold. In the CCD, alpha-1 and alpha-2 expression are approximately equal, whereas alpha-2 subunit expression is greatest in medullary thick ascending limbs (mTAL). Alpha-3 was not detected in any nephron segment. Calcineurin phosphatase activity in the proximal tubule is approximately 10-fold higher than in the connecting tubules (CNT), cortical collecting ducts (CCD), or the mTAL. Protein phosphatases 1 and 2a are also expressed in CCD, and only protein phosphatase 1 can be detected in the proximal tubule. Calcineurin influences basal and stimulated Na/ K-ATPase activity in the proximal and distal nephron. In the CCD, CsA or FK-506 decrease Na/K-ATPase activity by 35% and 85%, respectively; Na/K-ATPase activity in mTAL is decreased by 53% and 56%. Activation of membrane receptors, including adrenergic, dopamanergic, and angiotensin I receptors, also regulates Na/K-ATPAse activity through processes that involve calcineurin. Lastly, steroid hormones including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids appear to activate calcineurin phosphatase activity. The mechanism is independent of transcription and appears to involve mechanisms involving heat shock proteins associated with the steroid receptor complex.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE IN ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS GIVEN A LOW SODIUM CHLORIDE DIET

IT IS WELL KNOWN that a high sodium chloride intake can substitute in part for the hormones of the adrenal cortex. Of the crystalline adrenal steroids desoxycorticosterone, particularly, is concerned with electrolyte metabolism in the body (references cited by Swingle and Remington, 1944). A somewhat different aspect of this action of desoxycorticosterone was suggested by the report of Grollman (1941a) that this steroid was relatively incapable of exerting its characteristic life-maintaining effect in adrenalectomized rats when these animals were fed a low salt diet. This report concerns a further study of the action of desoxycorticosterone acetate in adrenalectomized rats on a diet almost completely free of sodium chloride. Three different diets, besides our stock diet, were used for testing the effectiveness of desoxycorticosterone on growth and survival.in young adrenalectomized rats. Diet 1 was the same as that recommended by Grollman (1941b) for securing uniform results in a method for the biological...
A probabilistic Boolean logic for energy efficient circuit and system design

We introduce probabilistic design, a methodology to design circuits using gates with probabilistic behavior. Probabilistic design is of great value, since the international technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS) forecasts that devices and interconnect are likely to suffer from frequent transient and permanent failures, as a consequence of technology scaling. We first provide the theoretical basis for probabilistic design, rooted in a novel Probabilistic Boolean Logic (pbl). By combining the properties of pbl with the properties of noise susceptible cmos devices, we derive design principles and demonstrate that probabilistic design is a viable methodology to design circuits using gates with probabilistic behavior, which has been shown to be a useful approach for implementing ultra low-energy circuit designs.
The words count--radiology and medical linguistics.

Dr. John Bruzzi writes that the radiologist is a sort of linguist, aiming to convey the meaning and significance of imaging abnormalities in a way that will enhance clinical care.
The coat protein gp120 of HIV-1 inhibits astrocyte uptake of excitatory amino acids via macrophage arachidonic acid.

The human immunodeficiency virus coat protein gp120 injures central mammalian neurons both in vitro and in vivo, and this observation may contribute, at least in part, to the neurological dysfunction associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Recent work suggests that gp 120 mediates neuronal damage predominantly via an indirect route involving activation of brain macrophages. We have previously shown that the stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by excitatory amino acids is essential for the neuronal injury observed with gp 120. Here we show that gp 120 impairs astrocyte uptake of excitatory amino acids and the excess glutamate thus engendered may contribute to the increased neuronal damage. We also studied the mechanism whereby gp 120 inhibits the uptake of excitatory amino acids by astrocytes. We present data suggesting that at least one pathway involves a direct effect of gp120 on macrophages, which in turn release arachidonic acid, a known inhibitor of excitatory amino acid uptake by astrocytes. Our findings suggest that the observed effects on glia and neurons of gp120 may be secondary, at least in part, to its initial activation of macrophages.
Ranking Chemicals Based On Chronic Toxicity Data

During the past 3 years, EPA's ECA O/ Cincinnati has developed a method to rank chemicals based on chronic toxicity data. This ranking system reflects two primary attributes of every chemical: the minimum effective dose and the type of effect elicited at that dose. The purpose for developing this chronic toxicity ranking system was to provide the EPA with the technical background required to adjust the RQs of hazardous substances designated in Section 101(14) of CERCLA or "Superfund." This approach may have applications to other areas of interest to the EPA and other regulatory agencies where ranking of chemicals based on chronic toxicity is desired.
Cavopulmonary Bypass to Facilitate Infrahepatic Vena Cava Gunshot Wound Repair

Traumatic injuries to the inferior vena cava continue to be associated with high mortality. The management of these injuries has been technically challenging and highly variable, often depending on factors that include the anatomic complexity and the severity of the insult. We report the first case in which a patient with massive exsanguination from an infrahepatic vena cava gunshot wound underwent successful repair with the aid of a novel variant active venovenous bypass circuit between the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
Hybrid Systems in Robotics

Robotics has provided the motivation and inspiration for many innovations in planning and control. From nonholonomic motion planning [1] to probabilistic road maps [2], from capture basins [3] to preimages [4] of obstacles to avoid, and from geometric nonlinear control [5], [6] to machine-learning methods in robotic control [7], there is a wide range of planning and control algorithms and methodologies that can be traced back to a perceived need or anticipated benefit in autonomous or semiautonomous systems.
Membrane association of collagenase stimulatory factor(s) from B-16 melanoma cells.

Past studies have shown that contact between tumor cells and fibroblasts results in stimulation of collagenase production by the fibroblasts. Membrane fractions prepared by differential centrifugation of sonicated B-16 melanoma cells were shown here to contain a collagenase stimulatory factor(s) (CSF). Trypsin treatment of intact B-16 cells prior to membrane fractionation led to loss of 90% of the total activity, indicating that CSF is localized on the outer surface of the cells. Stimulation of fibroblast collegenase production was also observed with dialyzed octylglucoside extracts of the B-16 membranes. Additional of exogeneous lipid, ie, a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, to the detergent extract of the membranes followed by dialysis and centrifugation at 100,000g resulted in 80% recovery of the factor activity in the pellet containing reconstituted lipid vesicles. Fractionation of tritium-labeled, reconstituted lipid vesicles on a Sephacryl S-300 column revealed that the collagenase stimulatory factor coeluted with the radioactive lipid vesicles. The fractionated lipid vesicles lost stimulatory activity completely after trypsin treatment or heating at 65°C, indicating that the factor is a protein.
An Analysis of Gastric and Oesophageal Cancers Found with ‘Epidemiological Necropsy’ during 1953–1982

The 'epidemiological necropsy' is a newly proposed research strategy in which the size and composition of the epidemiological reservoir of undetected disease is estimated from the relative frequency of necropsy surprise patients, in whom the disease was not suspected during life. The current study was done to help validate a basic premise of the strategy. We examined the surprise necropsy discovery of two upper gastrointestinal malignancies: oesophageal cancer, for which an undetected reservoir would not be expected because the cancer has little room to grow, and gastric cancer, for which a sizeable reservoir might be anticipated. In a review of 15,812 necropsies during 1953-1982 at Yale-New Haven Hospital, 70 cases of oesophageal cancer were identified postmortem. Except for five surprise cases, located at the gastro-oesophageal junction where there is room to grow, no oesophageal cancer reservoir was found during the 30-year period. In the same secular period, however, a distinctive set of reservoir cases was found among 162 necropsy instances of gastric cancer. About two-thirds of these gastric cancers had been previously diagnosed during life, but the remainder consisted of either necropsy surprise cases or patients with wrong primary cancer diagnoses during life. The secular rates of occurrence remained stable and similar in both sexes for surprise gastric cancer cases during the three 10-year periods from 1953-1982, but no wrong primary diagnoses occurred during 1978-1982, after the introduction of improved methods of premortem diagnosis. The results help validate the cancer reservoir theory for malignancies that have room to grow, and confirm the concept that the 'epidemiological necropsy' can reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in cancer reservoirs.
The Sky Within: Mathematical Aesthetics of Persian Dome Interiors

The decorations of domes represent the sky, heaven and what lies beyond the “seven skies”. Reza Sarhangi examines the spatial effects of domes interiors and the geometric construction of the designs.
Site-directed mutagenesis of the T4 endonuclease V Gene: Mutations which enhance enzyme specific activity at low salt concentrations

Previous structure/function analyses of the DNA repair enzyme, T4 endonuclease V, have suggested that the extreme carboxyl portion of the enzyme is associated with pyrimidine dimer-specific binding (Recinos and Lloyd, and Stump and Lloyd, Biochemistry 27:1832-1838 and 1839-1843, 1988, respectively). Within the final 11 amino acids there are 5 aromatic, 2 basic, and no acidic residues and it has been proposed that these residues stack with and electrostatically interact with the kinked DNA at the site of a pyrimidine dimer. The role of the tyrosine residue at position 129 has been investigated by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis in which the codon for Tyr-129 has been altered to reflect conservative changes of Trp and Phe and more dramatic changes of Ser, a stop codon, deletion of the codon or introduction of a frameshift. Both changes to the aromatic amino acids resulted in proteins which accumulated well in E. coli and not only significantly enhanced the UV survival of repair-deficient cells but also complemented a defective denV gene within UV-irradiated T4 phage. Partially purified preparations of the Tyr-129----Trp and Tyr-129----Phe mutants were assayed for their ability to processively incise UV-irradiated plasmid DNA (a nicking reaction carried out at low 25 mM salt concentrations). The mutant enzymes Tyr-129----Phe and Tyr-129----Trp displayed a 1000% and 500% enhanced specific nicking activity, respectively. These reactions were also shown to be completely processive. Assays performed at higher (100 mM) salt concentrations reduced the specific activities of the mutant enzymes approximately to that of wild type for the Tyr-129----Phe mutant and to 20% that of wild type for the Tyr-129----Trp mutant.
Black Currant Nectar Reduces Muscle Damage and Inflammation Following a Bout of High-Intensity Eccentric Contractions

ABSTRACTThis investigation determined the efficacy of black currant nectar (BCN) in reducing symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Sixteen college students were randomly assigned to drink either 16 oz of BCN or a placebo (PLA) twice a day for eight consecutive days. A bout of eccentric knee extensions (3 × 10 sets @ 115% of 1RM) was performed on the fourth day. Outcome measures included muscle soreness (subjective scale from 0 to 10) and blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, CK), inflammation (interleukin-6, IL-6), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Although there were no differences in reported soreness between groups, consumption of BCN reduced CK levels at both 48 (PLA = 82.13% vs. BCN = −6.71%, p = .042) and 96 h post exercise (PLA = 74.96% vs. BCN = −12.11%, p = .030). The change in IL-6 was higher in the PLA group (PLA = 8.84% vs. BCN = −6.54%, p = .023) at 24 h post exercise. The change in ORAC levels was higher in the treatment group (BCN = 2.68% vs. PLA = −6.02...
Longitudinal stability augmentation using a fuzzy logic based PID controller

We develop a PID based fuzzy logic pitch attitude hold system for a typical fighter jet under a variety of performance conditions that include approach, subsonic cruise and supersonic cruise. In this approach, the gains found in a classic PID controller are replaced with fuzzy systems, still contributing the overall effects of a proportional, integral, and derivative controller. The response is compared to conventional PID control. In addition, the design is tested for an F-4 in the approach condition, then with a 50% reduction in both longitudinal stability and pitch damping, and finally subsonic and supersonic cruise conditions. The different cases allow analysis of the off-design performance characteristics, or fault-tolerant capabilities, for the fuzzy logic and proportional gain controllers. Results show that for all flight conditions, the fuzzy PID controller was able to perform comparably to the conventional controller, while exhibiting faster rise times.
Long Term Stability of Fermilab Energy Saver Magnets

The quench and field properties of Energy Saver dipole and quadrupole magnets are measured at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility shortly after the magnets have been produced. It is important that magnet properties remain unchanged with time. This question has been investigated by remeasuring magnets at a later time and comparing the two sets of measurements. Three sets of unbiased data are available: 1) Fifteen dipole magnets were remeasured after they were removed from the "B12" cryoloop test location. At B12, they were subjected to repeated thermal cycles, quenches at high current, steady state operation at high current, and ramping to high current with an accelerator type ramp cycle. The average time between the original measurement and the remeasurement was 22 months. 2) Five standard length (66 inch) quadrupole magnets were remeasured after an elapsed time averaging 5 months. These magnets were in storage during the period between the two sets of measurements. 3) Six long (99 inch) quadrupole magnets were remeasured after an average time of 12 days. These were also in storage. The remeasurements agree well with the original measurements. The measurement techniques and magnet properties obtained from the full magnet samples are described elsewhere.
Safe, rapid administration schedule for cis-platinum - Mannitol

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) cis-plastinum, 25--75 mg/m2, with 40 gm mannitol and fluid were given over 1--2 hours to 40 patients with no evidence of elevated serum creatinine levels. Cis-plantinum was administered every 28 days at a dose of 50 mg/m2 to 22 patients, and 75mg/m2 to 6 patients. Patients received from one to eight courses of therapy with no change in their serum creatinine level. A safe, simple method of cis-platinum administration has been achieved.
Reduction of alkyl hydroperoxides to alcohols: role of rubredoxin, an electron carrier in the bacterial hydroxylation of hydrocarbons.

Abstract Alkyl hydroperoxides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of DPNH and homogeneous rubredoxin and rubredoxin-DPN reductase from Pseudomonas oleovorans . The reaction does not occur when TPNH is substituted for DPNH or when rubredoxins from anaerobic bacteria are substituted for the P. oleovorans nonheme iron protein. The reaction appears to have broad substrate specificity; 1-octyl, 2-octyl, cyclohexyl, and cymyl hydroperoxides are all reduced at significant rates. The reduction of alkyl hydroperoxides is inhibited by cyanide, as is the hydroxylation of alkanes and fatty acids in the same enzyme system supplemented with the ω-hydroxylase.
Is Manipulative Intent Necessary to Mitigate the Eyewitness Post-Identification Feedback Effect?

Feedback suggestive of mistaken eyewitnesses claiming that they identified the correct person leads to distorted retrospective judgments of certainty, view, and other testimony-relevant measures. This feedback effect can be significantly mitigated if witnesses later learn that the feedback source did not know which lineup member was the correct person and had a manipulative intent (post-feedback suspicion manipulation). We replicated the post-feedback suspicion effect and used a mistake condition showing that the manipulative intent is not a necessary component, thereby ruling out reactance-type interpretations of the post-feedback suspicion effect. Some conditions included instructions to ensure relevant processing of the feedback before the post-feedback suspicion manipulations, but these processing instructions did not mitigate the effect. The results suggest that these retrospective judgments (e.g., certainty, attention, view) remain malleable as new information unfolds.
Perforin-Mediated CTL Cytolysis Counteracts Direct Cell-Cell Spread of Listeria monocytogenes

The immune system has evolved various effector cells and functions to combat diverse infectious agents equipped with different virulence strategies. CD8 T cells play a critical role in protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a bacterium that grows within the host cell cytosol and spreads directly into neighboring cells. The importance of CD8 T cells during Lm infection is currently attributed to the cytosolic niche of this organism, which allows it to evade many aspects of immune surveillance. CTL lysis of infected cells is believed to be an essential protective mechanism, presumably functioning to release intracellular bacteria, although its precise role remains to be fully defined. In this study, we examined the contribution of perforin-mediated CTL cytolysis to protective immunity against recombinant Lm capable of or defective in cell-cell spread. We found that CTL cytolysis is critical for protective immunity to Lm capable of cell-cell spread while protective immunity against spread-defective Lm is largely independent of CTL cytolysis. These results demonstrate that an important function of CTL cytolysis is to counter the microbial virulence strategy of direct cell-cell spread. We propose a model that advances the current view of the role of CTL cytolysis in immunity to intracellular pathogens.
The immune system in viral myocarditis: maintaining the balance.

“Nature has provided in the white corpuscles as you call them—or the phagocytes as we call them—a natural means of devouring and destroying all disease germs. [However,] …the inoculation that ought to cure sometimes kills.” Bernard Shaw, The Doctor’s Dilemma , 1906 Dilated cardiomyopathy, one of the leading causes of heart failure in the United States, is a multifactorial disease that includes both hereditary and acquired forms.1 In patients, it has been shown that dilated cardiomyopathy can be a sequela of viral myocarditis.2 Although many different infectious agents have been attributed as the cause of viral myocarditis, enteroviruses, in particular Coxsackie B viruses, are consistently among the most common.2 The concept that enteroviruses contribute to the pathogenesis of a subset of human dilated cardiomyopathy has been strengthened by the detection of enteroviral genome in the hearts of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Since the first description by Bowles et al in 1986,3 many articles have addressed this issue (reviewed in Baboonian et al4 ). Although the results of individual studies vary, the data overall indicate that enteroviral genome is present in the heart of 15% to 25% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.4 Analogous to many other viral illnesses, both direct viral injury and the immune response of the host play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral heart disease. Furthermore, results from experiments in murine models of viral myocarditis indicate that although the immune response has an important protective role, it may also have deleterious effects on the host. The balance between these protective and deleterious effects may ultimately determine the course of disease after enteroviral infection. The direct viral effects have been demonstrated in culture and in vivo. In cultured cardiomyocytes, infection with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces a direct cytopathic effect and cell …
Gene Therapy for Lung Cancer

Gene therapy is emerging as a promising modality for the treatment of lung cancer. Diverse strategies employing gene therapy for lung cancer have been investigated in vitro and in animal models, and a number of these approaches have met with promising results. Several phase I and II clinical trials have been undertaken, and early results suggest that it may be safe to administer gene therapy to lung cancer patients. It remains to be determined whether this modality will be efficacious as primary or adjunctive therapy in the setting of lung cancer.
Relapsing clubfoot: causes, prevention, and treatment.

Regardless of the mode of treatment, the clubfoot has a strong tendency to relapse. Stiff, severe clubfeet and small calf sizes are more prone to relapse than less severe feet. Clubfeet in children with very loose ligaments tend not to relapse. Relapses are rare after four years of age. Not all components of the clubfoot tend to relapse to the same degree. In most of our cases, forefoot correction is permanent without metatarsus adductus. The relapse of the cavus deformity is rare and usually mild. The most important relapses occur in the hindfoot, first in the equinus, and then in the heel varus. In some relapsed clubfeet, the heel varus is very severe, while in others it is mild. Rarely, the heel in equinus may go into valgus resulting in a calcaneovalgus deformity. This is a frequent occurrence in surgically treated clubfeet. In our experience, most relapses develop gradually and may be difficult to recognize in the early stages. A relapse is detected when there is an appearance of a slight equinus and varus deformity of the heel, most often without increased adduction and cavus in the forefoot. When walking, the child tends to put more weight on the outside of the sole of the foot.
Measuring and Managing the Productivity of U.S. Public Transit Systems: An Unoriented Network DEA

Governments at all levels face budget shortfalls, and consequently public transit systems in the U.S. must compete with other public services for financial support. In order to depend less on public funding, it is critical that public transit systems focus on their operational performance and identify any sources of inefficiency. In this chapter, we present an unoriented network DEA methodology that measures a public transit system’s performance relative to its peer systems, compares its performance to an appropriate efficient benchmark system, and identifies the sources of its inefficiency.
Silicon Nitride Deposited at Very Low Silane Pressures Using Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasmas

We report on the material properties of SiN x :H films deposited using a 2% SiH4/N 2 mixture with additional N2 in an ECR reactor. Deposition rates, refractive index, and stoichiometry have been characterized using ellipsometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Reactor conditions of 2m Torr total pressure, 650W microwave power, and substrate temperature of 250°C result in high quality, stoichiometric silicon nitride. With a SiH 4 /N 2 ratio = 0.003, hydrogen incorporation is approximately 1.5% and the refractive index is n r =2.0. Lower microwave power and a higher SiH 4 /N 2 ratio result in slightly N-rich films which is attributable to increased H-incorporation. Higher total pressure results in significantly enhanced deposition rates, but with greatly increased H and O content.
Cost-Effectiveness of Extended Duration Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in High Risk Urological Oncology Surgical Patients

AbstractIntroduction: Major urological oncology surgery carries a significant risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism events, resulting in major morbidity, possible mortality and substantial costs. We determined the incremental cost-effectiveness for in-hospital and low molecular weight heparin extended duration prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism prevention in patients at high risk following major urological oncology surgery.Methods: A decision analytical model was developed to compare inpatient hospital costs, venous thromboembolism incidence within 365 days and outcomes associated with extended duration prophylaxis for 4 prophylaxis strategies. The 4 strategies grouped by protocol adherence were 1) per protocol in-hospital prophylaxis with extended duration prophylaxis in 88 cases, 2) per protocol in-hospital prophylaxis without extended duration prophylaxis in 42, 3) not per protocol in-hospital prophylaxis with extended duration prophylaxis in 80 and 4) not per protocol in-hospital prophylaxi...
Prevalence of acute kidney injury during pediatric admissions for acute chest syndrome.

Background Patients with sickle cell disease are at risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been linked to progression to CKD, but limited data exist to determine its role in acute complications of sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that AKI occurs in pediatric patients admitted for acute chest syndrome (ACS) and prolongs hospitalization.
Study on Fault Running of Switched Reluctance Generator System for More-Electric Aircraft

A simulation model of a 6/4 poles switched reluctance generator(SRG) system was built to study the fault-tolerance performance of SRG System for More-Electric Aircraft(MEA).On the basis of this model,several fault conditions such as,converter switch fault,load fault,prime motor fault,phase windings fault and so on,were simulated,and the simulation results including output voltage and phase current were presented.This paper analyzed the mechanism of the fault running and presented some methods to avoid the destructive faults.The research results indicate that SRG has a better fault-tolerant capability and is applicable to the main source of electrical power of MEA.The modeling method and simulation results of fault have certain reference value to fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant research of SRG systems.
Extracellular cGMP inhibits transepithelial sodium transport by LLC-PK1 renal tubular cells.

Both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) inhibit tubular sodium reabsorption by generation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). To determine the role of extra...
Variables in Action Descriptions: Merging C+ with ADL.

Action description language C+ is more expressive than ADL in many ways; for instance, it addresses the ramification problem. On the other hand, ADL is based on first-order logic, while C+ is only propositional; expressions with variables, which are frequently used when action domains are described in C+, are merely schemas describing finite sets of causal laws that are formed according to the same pattern. In this paper we propose a new approach to the semantics of action descriptions with variables that combines attractive features of ADL and C+.
Shrinkage based features for slot tagging with conditional random fields.

In this paper we propose a set of class-based features that are generated in an unsupservised fashion to improve slot tagging with Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). The feature generation is based on the idea behind shrinkage based language models, where shrinking the sum of parameter magnitudes in an exponential model tends to improve performance. We use these features with CRFs and show that they consistently improve the slot tagging performance against baselines on several natural language understanding tasks. Since the proposed features are generated in an unsupervised manner without significant computational overhead, the improvements in performance comes for free and we expect that the same features may result in gains in other tagging tasks.
Intermittent Catheterization and Bladder Rehabilitation in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

A review was made of 111 spinal cord injury patients who underwent bladder rehabilitation. The essential mode of treatment was intermittent catheterization. About 91 per cent of the patients were free of the catheter after 3 to 168 days of intermittent catheterization. Acute patients given an initial dosage of 30 to 40 mg. bethanechol chloride 3 times daily for 2 to 3 weeks recovered reflex activity in almost half the period (average of 32 days compared to 79 days). Modified sphincterotomy at the bladder neck was performed in 10 patients. This procedure improved the results to 98 per cent catheter-free reflex bladder status in the group of patients.
The Effect of Price Presentation Tactics on Consumer Evaluation Effort of Multi-Dimensional Prices

Prices in the marketplace often consist of multiple dimensions, such as a base price, percentage discounts, trade-in values, and monthly fees. The presence of multiple dimensions in a price forces consumers to compute the net price in order to determine the value of the presented offer. In two experiments, it is demonstrated that the presentation format of numeric price information and the arithmetic operation required in the price impose a hierarchy on consumers’ evaluation effort for multi-dimensional prices. The resulting variations in consumer effort are shown to systematically influence decision accuracy. Implications challenging the traditional uni-dimensional view of price are discussed.
Reluctant to Serve their Hometowns and Country

In 2004, Raziya, a young Uyghur woman from Korla (Ch. Ku’erle), graduated from Beijing’s Luhe “Xinjiang Class” (Ch. neidi Xinjiang gaozhong ban), one of the ninety-one schools participating in China’s national boarding school program for Xinjiang’s youth.
Pipeline for contraceptive development

The high rates of unplanned pregnancy reflect an unmet need for effective contraceptive methods for women, especially for individuals with health risks such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other conditions that may contraindicate use of an estrogen-containing product. Improvements in safety, user convenience, acceptability, and availability of products remain important goals of the contraceptive development program. Another important goal is to minimize the impact of the products on the environment. Development of new methods for male contraception has the potential to address many of these issues of safety for women who have contraindications to effective contraceptive methods but want to protect against pregnancy. It would also address a huge unmet need for men who want to control their fertility. Products under development for men would not introduce ecotoxic hormones into the water system.
Cutaneous metastases from adenocarcinoma of the ovary

Cutaneous metastasis is an uncommon manifestation of internal malignancy. The rate of cutaneous metastasis in ovarian cancer is 3.5%, and median time of survival after appearance of cutaneous metastasis is 4 months.1 The lesions involved are often described as flesh colored, pink, or violaceous cutaneous or subcutaneous nodules, although reports of non-nodular metastases exist.2 We report the case of a 24-year-old woman with refractory stage IIIB mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary presenting with cutaneous metastases to her breasts masquerading as localized scleroderma.
Adjoints of linear fractional composition operators on S2(D)

Abstract Given φ : D → D , an analytic self-map of the unit disc in C , the composition operator C φ is defined by C φ ( f ) = f ∘ φ for f belonging to some Hilbert space of analytic functions on D . We present a formula for the adjoint of linear-fractionally induced composition operators on S 2 ( D ) , a weighted Hardy space, which consists of analytic functions on the disc whose first derivative is in H 2 ( D ) .
Inverse ambiguous functions on fields

If \(f\,{:}\,G \rightarrow G\) is a bijection from a group G to itself, then the superscript \(-1\) written in proximity of f could, depending on its placement, indicate the inverse function of f or the function whose outputs are the inverses (in G) of the corresponding outputs of f. In this paper we investigate which groups G admit functions f where these two interpretations lead to the same outcome, that is, when \(f^{-1}(x) = (f(x))^{-1}\) for every \(x \in G\). We call such functions inverse ambiguous. After deriving some preliminary results, we turn our attention to the existence of inverse ambiguous functions defined on various fields F with respect to the underlying additive structure and multiplicative structure. Our study of this notational curiosity will lead to a surprising finding: namely, in many of the standard cases, there exist either continuous inverse ambiguous functions on F with respect to addition or on \(F^\times \) with respect to multiplication, but not both.