cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PD25-10 ESTIMATION OF THE RISK OF MISSING ADVERSE PATHOLOGICAL PROSTATE CANCER FEATURES AFTER SALVAGE RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN PATIENTS ELIGIBLE FOR FOCAL SALVAGE THERAPIES

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Focal salvage therapies (FST) for locally recurrence prostate cancer (PCa) after primary radiotherapy (RT) can reduce the risk of adverse events associated with salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP) while maintaining cancer control, in selected patients. However, the risk of missing adverse PCa features undergoing FST instead of sRP has never been investigated. We aimed to assess the rates and predictors of adverse PCa features in patients eligible for FST who ultimately underwent sRP.METHODS:We reviewed 120 patients with locally recurrent PCa after RT who underwent sRP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (2000-2016). Metastatic disease was excluded by choline PET and bone scan. Pre RT PSA, clinical stage (cT), biopsy Gleason score (GS) prior to RT and prior to sRP, PSA nadir, PSA prior to surgery, and pathohistology of sRP specimens were analysed. Eligibility criteria for FST were based on EAU Guidelines: cT1-cT2 PCa, initial GS ≤7 and pre-salvage PSA <10 ng/mL. Adverse fe...
MBPT and Coupled Cluster Approaches to Parity Nonconservation in Atoms: A Survey of Recent Developments

Experiment and theory have recently advanced to the point where table-top, laser experiments on atoms can make quantitative statements about weak interaction coupling constants, complementing information otherwise obtained only from high-energy accelerator-based experiments. The atomic experiments measure parity nonconservation (PNC) in heavy atoms. A complex many-body calculation is required to relate the measurements to the underlying fundamental interactions. In this article, I discuss the recent improvements in atomic theory which have enabled atomic PNC to yield information with accuracy comparable to that obtained in high-energy experiments.
Bayesian Spatial Models for Voxel-wise Prostate Cancer Classification Using Multi-parametric MRI Data

Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Various computer-aided detection algorithms have been proposed for automated prostate cancer detection by combining information from various mpMRI data components. However, there exist other features of mpMRI, including the spatial correlation between voxels and between-patient heterogeneity in the mpMRI parameters, that have not been fully explored in the literature but could potentially improve cancer detection if leveraged appropriately. This paper proposes novel voxel-wise Bayesian classifiers for prostate cancer that account for the spatial correlation and between-patient heterogeneity in mpMRI. Modeling the spatial correlation is challenging due to the extreme high dimensionality of the data, and we consider three computationally efficient approaches using Nearest Neighbor Gaussian Process (NNGP), knot-based reduced-rank approximation, and a conditional autoregressive (CAR) model, respectively. The between-patient heterogeneity is accounted for by adding a subject-specific random intercept on the mpMRI parameter model. Simulation results show that properly modeling the spatial correlation and between-patient heterogeneity improves classification accuracy. Application to in vivo data illustrates that classification is improved by spatial modeling using NNGP and reduced-rank approximation but not the CAR model, while modeling the between-patient heterogeneity does not further improve our classifier. Among our proposed models, the NNGP-based model is recommended considering its robust classification accuracy and high computational efficiency.
Molecular Order and Molecular Theories of Liquid Crystals

I want to review for you the molecular theories of liquid crystals which have been developed recently. You are all familiar with the Maier-Saupe (1) theory of the nematic phase. Kobayashi (2) and I (3) independently formulated a theory of the smectic A phase which has proved quite useful. This year I (4) worked out a molecular theory of the smectic C phase and my student, Bob Meyer, (5) has extended that theory to the smectic B and H phases.
Epidemic analysis of brucellosis in Datong of Shanxi province between 2006 and 2009

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of brucellosis in Datong city, and to provide scientific evidence for making appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods Surveillance data of human brucellosis in 7 countris and 4 districts in Datong city between 2006 and 2009 were collected, throng the national network straight quote system in an infectious diseases. Excel database was established and all data were statistically analyzed. Incidence of brucellosis in local population was analyzed. The regional distribution, time distribution,occupation, age and sex distribution were analyzed. Epidemic characteristics and trend of brucellosis in Datong city were summarized. Results A total of 5195 cases of brucellosis patients in Datong were found between 2006 and 2009, the average incidence rate was 57.51/10 million. All counties had the disease, and the onset of the disease mainly in the spring and summer. Most cases were young males. Farmer case was 81.67％(4243/5195) of the total patients. Conclusions From 2006 to 2009, epidemic characteristic of Datong human brucellosis is"high-low-high"(incidence). We suggests the Department concerned to strengthen the prevention and control of the disease in some counties, focusing on spreading of disease prevention and control knowledge among farmers and increase their self-protection awareness. Key words: Brucellosis; Epidemiology; Data collection
Amplitude frequency characteristic of TEV in substation with RCD

The transient earth voltage (TEV) will be superposed on the shell when the Disconnector switch is operated if the reactive compensation device (RCD) is installed in the substation. The partial separation element method (PSEM) is used to obtain the frequency variation parameters of the equipment in this paper, and the mathematical analysis method is used to calculate the TEV installed in the RCD substation. The amplitude frequency characteristic curve of TEV and the influence of RCD installation position on the corresponding amplitude of TEV main frequency are obtained by the simulation analysis. The influence of SCSR inlet capacitance and series compensation to ground capacitance on the corresponding amplitude of TEV main frequency is completed. The results show that the TEV oscillation of GIS is more intense when the installation of RCD in substation, the peak value of TEV has no obvious change, and the amplitude corresponding to the main frequency of TEV has been greatly increased. TEV decreases when the distance between RCD and GIS increases. The change of series compensation to ground capacitance will not affect the main frequency amplitude of TEV.
24 Hours or Less Stay After Laparoscopic Minor Hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic liver resections can result in decreased length of stay. We looked at our hospital experience with 24 hours or less stay after minor laparoscopic liver resections. METHODS Patients who underwent laparoscopic minor hepatectomy (less than 3 hepatic segments resection) and stayed 24 hours or less in the hospital were selected from prospectively kept hepatobiliary surgery database. All were managed according to the established enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. RESULTS 14 cases were identified and included 3 bisegmentectomies and 11 segmental resections. Length of surgery was between 29 and 210 minutes (median 80.5 minutes), and median blood loss was 50 cc (range 20-400 cc). 4 patients were discharged home the same day with 10 staying overnight. CONCLUSIONS Selected group of patients undergoing minor laparoscopic hepatectomy can be discharged home the same day or less than 24 hours after surgery.
Using ADAPT-ITT to Modify a Telephone-Based HIV Prevention Intervention for SMS Delivery: Formative Study

Background: African American adolescent females are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. Given the elevated risk of STIs and HIV in African American women, there is an urgent need to identify innovative strategies to enhance the adoption and maintenance of STI and HIV preventive behaviors. Texting is a promising technology for creating preventive maintenance interventions (PMIs) that extend the efficacy of the original intervention. However, little guidance in public health literature is available for developing this type of application. Objective: This paper describes a formative pilot study that incorporates user experience methods to design and test PMI texts for Afiya, an original evidence-based intervention (EBI) specifically designed for African American adolescent females. This study aims to describe the adaptation process of health educator–led phone calling to text-based communication. Methods: The formative process followed the assessment, decision, adaptation, production, topical experts-integration, training, testing (ADAPT-ITT) framework for adapting EBIs and using them in a new setting, for a new target population or a modified intervention strategy. This study presents the details of how the phases of the ADAPT-ITT framework were applied to the design of the adaptation. An advisory board was constituted from the target population, consisting of 6 African American women aged 18-24 years, participating in formative activities for 12 weeks, and involving components of the PMI design. As Afiya included a telephone-based PMI, developers of the original Afiya phone scripts crafted the initial design of the SMS-based texts and texting protocol. The advisory board participated in the 1-day Afiya workshop, followed by 4 weeks of texting PMI messages and a midcourse focus group, followed by 4 more weeks of texting PMI messages, ultimately ending with a final focus group. At the advisory board’s request, this phase included an optional, additional week of text-based PMI messages. Results: The methods provided a rich source of data and insights into the fundamental issues involved when constructing SMS-based PMI for this target population and for this EBI. Prior contact and context are essential as the health educator was identified as a key persona in the process and the messages were situated in the original (workshop) context. Narrative adaptations for personas emerged from advisory board discussions. Suggestions on how to expand the PMI to current, specific social contexts indicated that the use of narrative analysis is warranted. Conclusions: The use of existing EBIs incorporating telephone-based PMI scripts facilitated the initial design of the texts, with a subsequent narrative analysis of the advisory board data providing additional adjustments given the actual context. Additional examination of the advisory board feedback revealed that personas would offer insight into and opportunities for a persona-specific modification of texting narratives.
Medicare for More — Why We Still Need a Public Option and How to Get There

Medicare for More Public Option 2.0 may be the most realistic way to guarantee universal coverage with a broad choice of providers and with medical prices held down by the government. If the United...
Designing reliable future energy systems by iteratively including extreme periods in time-series aggregation

Abstract Generation Capacity Expansion Planning (GCEP) requires high temporal resolution to account for the volatility of renewable energy supply. Because the GCEP optimization problem is often computationally intractable, time-series input data are often aggregated to representative periods using clustering. However, clustering removes extreme events, which are important to achieve reliable system designs. We present a method to include extreme periods into time-series aggregation for GCEP that guarantees reliable system designs on the full input data even though only the reduced data set is used for system design. Our method iteratively adds extreme periods to the set of representative periods based on information from the optimization problem itself until the energy system provides power reliably. We perform a comprehensive analysis on several case studies of both German and Californian energy systems and show that our method leads to meeting electricity demand at all times, whereas when clustering without extreme periods, lost load is between 1.9%–13.5% of total system load. We show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method of adding a pre-defined number of extreme periods based on statistical properties of the data itself.
Vanadium bromoperoxidase and functional mimics

Haloperoxidases are enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of halides (iodide, bromide and chloride) by hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the halogenation of appropriate organic substrates or the halide-assisted disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide forming dioxygen. Two classes of vanadium haloperoxidases are known: vanadium bromoperoxidase, isolated mainly from marine algae, and vanadium chloroperoxidase from terrestrial fungi. A review of the structure, reactivity and enzyme kinetics of these enzymes is presented. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of several functional mimics of the vanadium haloperoxidases are also presented, including peroxo-complexes of vanadium(V) and other transition metal ions. These catalysts have proved useful in testing hypotheses concerning the role of vanadium in the haloperoxidase enzymes.
F-18 Fluoride Bone Scintigraphy

This chapter illustrates clinical case examples demonstrating clinical utility and diagnostic performance of F-18 Fluoride Bone Scintigraphy in various disease types which includes prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and other benign conditions.
Understanding the annual cycle of the Arctic Ocean bottom pressure

[1] Ocean bottom pressure (OBP) observations in the Arctic from in situ pressure recorders and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission, averaged over the basin, reveal annual oscillations of about 2 cm. The maximum occurs in late summer to early fall and the minimum in late winter to early spring. We derive a simple model of OBP response to runoff and precipitation minus evaporation (P-E) that agrees in phase with the observations and is 10% larger.
Mass Attitude Toward Democracy in Different Types of Regime: Testing an Assumption of Democratic Qualities

At first glance, the world has long appeared to embrace democracy, and democratization has been a decades-long global trend: World Values Survey (2005-2008) shows about 78% of the surveyed citizens across five continents said it was important to live in a country governed democratically, and the Economist’s Intelligence Unit estimates 80 countries around the world have now exhibited some form of democracy. Yet, there has been concern about the quality of democracy based on the assumption that, in fragile democracies, the mass public has yet established democratic preferences and habits (Diamond, 1999; Bratton, 2002; Wang, 2007). This paper tested the assumption that the mass public in more democratic countries exhibited stronger democratic attitudes than that in less democratic countries. The examination focused on public statement of support for democracy and actual engagement in democratic processes. 53 countries were examined using secondary data (2005-2008) made available by the Economist’s Intelligence Unit, Polity IV project, and World Values Survey.The empirical evidences provided a mixed picture of mass attitudes toward democracy across types of regime, partly supporting and partly dismissing the tested assumption. Countries in better state of democracy did not always have an all-around better record of public political participation. With regard to interest in politics, it was clear that the difference was not as assumed, as higher percentage of democratic countries (flawed or full) had an indifferent public than that of undemocratic countries (authoritarian, hybrid, or autocracy). However, with regard to political actions, the public in fully democratic countries were indeed more engaging in demonstration and, to a lesser extent, in petition than the public in other types of regime. Regarding public support for democracy, data showed that, across the continents and types of regime, people explicitly expressed strong support for democracy; yet public perception toward authoritarian government was somewhat mixed, with nearly half of the hybrid regimes or flawed democracies’ public showing preference for a strong leader that bypassed the parliament and disregarded elections. The implications of the findings for comparative studies of democracy were discussed.
Responsibility of the physician toward oral care of the pregnant patient

Abstract The pathogenesis and significance of periodontal disease on oral health are reviewed. The fact that pregnancy may cause exacerbation of an existing periodontal condition is cause for concern because without periodontal treatment permanent damage to the supporting structures may ensue. The signs and symptoms of ginigival complications in pregnancy as well as one case report are presented in order to familiarize the physician with these conditions.
Dragon: a static and dynamic tool for OpenMP

A program analysis tool can play an important role in helping users understand and improve OpenMP codes. Dragon is a robust interactive program analysis tool based on the Open64 compiler, an open source OpenMP, C/C++/Fortran77/90 compiler for Intel Itanium systems. We developed the Dragon tool on top of Open64 to exploit its powerful analyses in order to provide static as well as dynamic (feedback-based) information which can be used to develop or optimize OpenMP codes. Dragon enables users to visualize and print essential program structures and obtain runtime information on their applications. Current features include static/dynamic call graphs and control flow graphs, data dependence analysis and interprocedural array region summaries, that help understand procedure side effects within parallel loops. On-going work extends Dragon to display data access patterns at runtime, and provide support for runtime instrumentation and optimizations.
Limiting diffusion currents in hydrodynamic voltammetry: II. Wedge electrodes in laminar uniform flow

Abstract A precise theoretical equation, including the numerical coefficient, for the limiting diffusion currents at the wedge electrodes immersed in a laminar uniform flow has been derived. The theoretical prediction for the dependence of the limiting diffusion currents on various experimental variables, i.e. , the bulk concentration of depolarizer, the linear flow velocity, the electrode length, the wedge angle and the distance between the leading edge of the electrode and the apex of the wedge, has been verified experimentally. Finally, the validity of the numerical coefficient in the theoretical equation has been examined.
Abstract P204: Joint Association Between Birth Weight At Term And Later Life Adherence To A Healthy Lifestyle With Risk Of Hypertension

Objective: to prospectively assesse the joint association between birth weight and established lifestyle risk factors in adulthood with incident hypertension, and to quantity decompose the attributing effects to birth weight only, to adulthood lifestyle only and to their interaction. Methods: We followed 52,114 women from the Nurses9 Health Study II without hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, prehypertension and hypertension at baseline (1991-2011). Women born preterm, of a multiple pregnancy, or who were missing birth weight data were excluded. Unhealthy adulthood lifestyle was defined by compiling status scores of body mass index (BMI), physical activity, alcohol consumption, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the use of nonnarcotic analgesics. Results: We documented 12,588 incident cases of hypertension during 20 years of follow-up. The risk of hypertension associated with a combination of low birth weight at term and unhealthy lifestyle factors (RR 1.95; 95%CI: 1.83-2.07) was more than the addition of the risk associated with each individual factor, indicating a significant interaction on an additive scale ( P interaction Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a combination of a healthy birth weight and a healthy adulthood lifestyle could prevent 66% of the cases of hypertension in this population, and the combined effects of lower birth weight at term and unhealthy lifestyle with the risk of hypertension are greater than additive.
Pricing and Allocation of Retail Space with One RFID Enabled Supplier and One Non-RFID Enabled Supplier

We consider a retailer who has two suppliers: one who is RFID enabled and another who is not. Assuming vendor managed inventory (VMI), we address the problem of allocation and pricing of the retail shelf-space. Modeling the problem as a Stackelberg game where the retailer is the leader, we observe that RFID technology provides a competitive advantage for the RFID enabled supplier. Further, we observe that high product substitutability, high demand uncertainty, low tag prices, and low restocking costs result in a more favorable environment for the RFID enabled supplier.
Bioaccumulation of fullerene (C60) and corresponding catalase elevation in Lumbriculus variegatus

Fullerene (C60), with its unique physical properties and nanometer size, has been mass-produced for many applications in recent decades. The increased likelihood of direct release into the environment has raised interest in understanding both the environmental fate and corresponding biological effects of fullerenes to living organisms. Because few studies have emphasized fullerene uptake and resulting biochemical responses by living organisms, a toxicity screening test and a 28-d bioaccumulation test for Lumbriculus variegatus were performed. No mortality was observed in the range of 0.05 mg C60/kg dry sediment to 11.33 mg C60/kg dry sediment. A biota-sediment accumulation factor of micron-sized fullerene agglomerates (µ-C60) was 0.032 ± 0.008 at day 28, which is relatively low compared with pyrene (1.62 ± 0.22). Catalase (CAT) activity, an oxidative stress indicator, was elevated significantly on day 14 for L. variegatus exposed to µ-C60 (p = 0.034). This peak CAT activity corresponded to the highest body residues observed in the present study, 199 ± 80 µg C60/kg dry weight sediment. Additionally, smaller C60 agglomerate size increased bioaccumulation potential in L. variegatus. The relationship between C60 body residue and the increased CAT activity followed a linear regression. All results suggest that C60 has a lower bioaccumulation potential than pyrene but a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in L. variegatus. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1135–1141. © 2014 SETAC
A Review of “An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions”

Amartya Sen, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, has long challenged the contemporary notion of development. For him, economic growth and technological advancements are meaningl...
Power-supply considerations for future scaled CMOS systems

The relationship between operating voltage, speed, and power consumption is examined for future proposed submicron ( approximately 0.5 mu m) and deep submicron (0.25 mu m) CMOS technologies for logic and static RAM applications. The scaling of DRAM (dynamic RAM) operating voltages to low levels is discussed. The practical problems associated with low-voltage power-supply regulation and distribution, either centrally in the system or on each chip, are considered. Interfacing chips with different voltage levels is also discussed. >
POLYCOMBLIKE: A GENE THAT APPEARS TO BE REQUIRED FOR THE NORMAL EXPRESSION OF THE BITHORAX AND ANTENNAPEDIA GENE COMPLEXES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

A newly identified gene is described that is required for the maintenance of normal identities in many of the body segments of the fly. The effects of mutants in this gene, which is called Polycomblike (Pcl), suggest that its wild-type allele functions in the regulation of the bithorax gene complex (BX-C) and the Antennapedia gene complex (ANT-C). Evidence in favor of this idea derives from (1) the close correspondence between segmental transformations caused by Pcl mutants and those caused by dominant gain-of-function mutants in the BX-C and ANT-C, (2) the interactions observed between Pcl mutants and mutants in these complexes, and (3) the dependence upon BX-C and ANT-C dosage of the severity of at least one of the transformations caused by Pcl mutants. Arguments are presented that the control of the BX-C and ANT-C by Pcl+ is negative in nature. The results of clonal analysis experiments indicate that, at least for the BX-C, Pcl+ exerts this control until late in development. Since the wild-type allele of another gene, called Polycomb (Pc), has previously been shown to have many of the same properties as Pcl+, it appears that the BX-C and perhaps also the ANT-C are continuously regulated during development by at least two and probably several other genes.
Vesamicol receptor mapping of brain cholinergic neurons with radioiodine-labeled positional isomers of benzovesamicol.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cerebral cholinergic neuronal degeneration. Radiotracer analogs of benzovesamicol, which bind with high affinity to the vesamicol receptor located on the uptake transporter of acetylcholine storage vesicles, may provide an in vivo marker of cholinergic neuronal integrity. Five positional isomers of racemic iodobenzovesamicol (4‘-, 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-IBVM) were synthesized, exchange-labeled with iodine-125, and evaluated as possible in vivo markers for central cholinergic neurons. Only two isomers, 5-IBVM (5) and 6-IBVM (10), gave distribution patterns in mouse brain consistent with cholinergic innervation: striatum ≫ hippocampus ≥ cortex > hypothalamus ≫ cerebellum. The 24-h tissue-to-cerebellum concentration ratios for 5-IBVM (5) were 3−4-fold higher for striatum, cortex, and hippocampus than the respective ratios for 6-IBVM (10). Neither 8-IBVM (16) nor 4‘-IBVM (17) exhibited selective retention in any of the brain regions examined. In the heart, only ...
Relationship between MALDI-TOF Analysis of β-CN f193−209 Concentration and Sensory Evaluation of Bitterness Intensity of Aged Cheddar Cheese

An internal standard method was previously developed to measure the concentration of a synthetic bitter peptide, β-CN f193−209, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between β-CN f193−209 concentration in an aqueous extract of aged Cheddar cheese and bitterness intensity of the cheese. Concentrations of β-CN f193−209 in cheese extracts were determined by MALDI-TOF at 0, 120, 180, and 270 days. Trained panels evaluated the bitterness intensity of the cheeses at 180 and 270 days. Correlation coefficients between MALDI and sensory data at 180 and 270 days were 0.803 and 0.554, respectively. The decreased correlation may be due to the presence of other bitter peptides more responsible for bitterness at longer aging or the production of compounds that mask bitterness intensity. Keywords: Bitter peptide; β-CN f193−209; cheese; MALDI; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
A routing framework for providing robustness to node failures in mobile ad hoc networks

Abstract Nodes in a mobile ad hoc network are often vulnerable to failures. The failures could be either due to fading effects, battery drainage, or as a result of compromised nodes that do not participate in network operations. Intermittent node failures can disrupt routing functionalities. As such, it is important to provide redundancy in terms of providing multiple node-disjoint paths from a source to a destination. In line with this objective, we first propose a modified version of the widely studied ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol to facilitate the discovery of multiple node-disjoint paths from a source to a destination. We find that very few of such paths can be found. Furthermore, as distances between sources and destinations increase, bottlenecks inevitably occur and thus, the possibility of finding multiple paths is considerably reduced. We conclude that it is necessary to place what we call reliable nodes (in terms of both being robust to failure and being secure) in the network to support efficient routing operations. We propose a deployment strategy that determines the positions and the trajectories of these reliable nodes such that we can achieve a framework for reliably routing information. We define a notion of a reliable path which is made up of multiple segments, each of which either entirely consists of reliable nodes, or contains a preset number of multiple paths between the end points of the segment. We show that the probability of establishing a reliable path between a random source and destination pair increases tremendously even with a small number of reliable nodes when we use our algorithm to appropriately position these reliable nodes.
Neodymium: YAG capsulotomy rates after phacoemulsification with silicone posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the incidence of neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomies for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in eyes receiving one of two types of capsular-bag-fixated silicone posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) over 7 years. Setting: John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Methods: Four hundred eighty-eight eyes that had cataract extraction with a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and implantation of one of two kinds of silicone posterior chamber IOLs were evaluated to assess the incidence of PCO. One hundred thirty-nine received a one-piece, plate-type IOL (Staar) and 349, a three-piece, modified C-loop IOL (AMO). Results: With an average follow-up of 84.3 weeks in the Staar IOL group and 93.5 weeks in the AMO IOL group, the incidence of posterior Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for PCO was 30.2% and 39.1 %, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy after phacoemulsification with implantation of a silicone posterior chamber IOL was still relatively high with long-term follow-up. Although the proportion of patients with a one-piece silicone IOL requiring Nd:YAG capsulotomy was less than that in the three-piece silicone IOL group, the difference was not statistically significant.
Gender disparity and the appropriateness of myocardial perfusion imaging.

Background Appropriate use criteria (AUC) were developed to guide the use of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). While MPI use has grown exponentially, women remain under tested. Given this bias in testing, we sought to determine if gender disparity exists in tests categorized by appropriateness and the role of referral bias.
In vitro studies of the hyper-IgE disorders: Suppression of spontaneous IgE synthesis by allogeneic suppressor T lymphocytes

Abstract We evaluated seven hyper-IgE patients and five nonatopic controls to determine whether in vitro IgE synthesis was under T-cell control. Cultures of B lymphocytes with or without various T-cell subsets were assayed for in vitro de novo IgE synthesis. Hyper-IgE B cells but not B cells from normal controls spontaneously synthesized IgE. Hyper-IgE B cells cultured with autologous T cells showed slight suppression of IgE synthesis (average 13.4%); greater suppression occurred in cocultures with allogeneic T cells from normal controls (average 48.7%). Similar suppression was observed in cocultures with allogeneic T cells obtained from another hyper-IgE patient. The allogeneic suppression of IgE synthesis was ablated by removing the suppressor T-cell (OKT8+) subset. These studies show that (i) B cells from hyper-IgE patients actively synthesize large amounts of IgE in vitro; (ii) this can be suppressed by adding normal or hyper-IgE allogeneic T cells (OKT8+); and (iii) the observed suppression may reflect solely an in vitro allogeneic effect and not biologic regulatory mechanisms.
Psychosocial Influences on Cancer Incidence and Progression

The impact of psychosocial factors on the incidence and progression of cancer has become an area that demands attention. In this article recent evidence of psychosocial effects on cancer incidence and progression is reviewed in the context of past research. Psychosocial factors discussed include personality, depression, emotional expression, social support, and stress. Mechanisms that could mediate the relationship between psychosocial conditions and cancer incidence and progression are also reviewed. These include alterations in diet, exercise, and circadian cycles; variations in medical treatment received; and physiological mechanisms such as psychoendocrinologic and psychoneuroimmunologic effects. We conclude that there is a nonrandom relationship among various psychosocial factors and cancer incidence and progression that can only partially be explained by behavioral, structural, or biological factors. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Behavioral profiles of children with infantile nephropathic cystinosis.

Children with infantile nephropathic cystinosis have evidence of visuospatial and arithmetic deficits on a background of normal intellectual and verbal skills. This study aimed to define further their behavioral phenotype. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist was completed by parents of: 64 children and adolescents with cystinosis (33 females, 31 males; mean age 8y 8mo, range 4 to 16y, SD 2y 11mo); 101 healthy controls (47 females, 54 males; mean age 8y 4mo, range 4 to 16y, SD2y 11mo); 21 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), termed chronic-disease controls (9 females, 12 males; mean age 11y 3mo, age range 4 to 17y, SD 3y 5mo). Compared with healthy controls, individuals with cystinosis had evidence of a significantly higher incidence of behavioral problems, including social problems, somatic complaints, and attention problems. Compared with the chronic-disease control group, the cystinosis group differed only on the Social Problems scale, with 22% of participants with cystinosis scoring in the‘at risk’range whereas no participant with CF received an elevated score on this scale. We conclude that children and adolescents with cystinosis have evidence of a significant incidence of social difficulties compared with individuals with another chronic illness and healthy participants. The combination of visuospatial problems, difficulty with arithmetic, attention problems, and social difficulties seen in the cystinosis group constitutes a behavioral phenotype of this genetic disorder. This cluster of cognitive and behavioral symptoms is also seen in the nonverbal learning disabilities syndrome, and suggests a possible early difference in brain development in children with cystinosis compared with children who do not share this genetic disorder.
Control of high-frequency-link inverter using optimal switching sequence

This paper presents an Optimized Sequence-Based-Control (OSBC) scheme for an isolated multi-stage high-frequency-link (HFL) converter, which directly controls the switching sequences of the power devices without the need for an intermediate pulse-width modulator as in conventional power converter control schemes. OSBC is realized by solving an optimization problem, determining an optimal switching sequence (comprising a union of feasible sequences) and corresponding time horizon for each switching state of the sequence. The proposed model-predictive switching control scheme provides faster transient response compared to the conventional PI control scheme in the ac/ac converter. Another interesting feature of the OSBC is multi-objective control capability through joint-optimization of multiple control goals. In fact, in order to meet various control objectives, a compromise should be made between them so as to achieve the optimized performance and this is even more crucial in capacitor-less topologies (since there is no buffer stage to prevent cross-coupling between various control actions). For the capacitor-less HFL inverter in this paper, joint-optimization of the following control goals are implemented using the OSBC scheme: 1- output voltage regulation, 2- flux balance control (FBC), and 3- loss mitigation. A case study with a sudden change in the input dc voltage characteristics is considered to verify the effectiveness of the joint-optimization of the above control goals in improvement of the HFL inverter operation. The results are verified using simulation for a 4.5 kW, 40 V/208 V three-phase inverter.
Does the medium make a difference? two studies of writing with pen and paper and with computers

This article reports two studies examining how the use of computer technology affects writers' processes and resulting written products. The first experiment, a partial replication of Gould's (1981) study, compared the efficiency and quality of 15 experienced writers' persuasive letters written in three counterbalanced conditions: pen and paper, standard personal computer, and advanced workstation. Analyses of time to compose and length of the resulting letters showed that when composing with the advanced workstations, writers wrote for longer periods of time and composed longer letters than when composing with pen and paper. Rate of composition (words per min) was similar in all three conditions. Scores for content quality, mechanics quality, and total quality were also collected and analyzed. Letters composed with the personal computer were poorer in content quality and total quality. There were no differences in mechanics quality. In the second experiment, 8 of the original 15 writers revised two of their letters in the medium with which they were composed. Think-aloud protocols collected while the writers revised their letters were collected and analyzed. When revising with pen and paper, writers planned more than when revising on-line; they also planned more before beginning their revisions. However, when revising in the computer conditions, writers reread their texts more and paid more attention to the medium than when revising on paper.
Primary production in Rattlesnake springs a cold desert spring-stream

Primary productivity and respiration were measured in Rattlesnake Springs, Washington, using the upstream-downstream diel pH-CO2 curve and harvest methods. Daily Pg and Pn rates averaged 8.7 and 0.9, 0.6 and 0.3, and 9.3 and 1.2 g C m−2 d−1 for periphyton, watercress, and total community, respectively. Average photosynthetic efficiencies (%, P n Lt−1) were approximately 0.22 and 0.07 for periphyton and watercress, respectively. Annual community Pg was 2 700 g C m−2 a−1 and was highest for periphyton (2 526 g C m−2 a−1). Periphyton Pn (356 g C m−2 a−1) exceeded that of watercress (87 g C m−2 a−1). Community R was 2 257 g C m−2 a−1, and was highest for periphyton (2 170 g C m2 a−1). Desert streams appear to be enigmas in terms of their relationship between autotrophy and heterotrophy and their ability to be net importers or exporters of organic matter. The fact that they can be autotrophic and net importers of organic matter is probably related to the characteristic flash-flooding of desert streams, and emphasizes the necessity of examining these systems over more than a single annual cycle.
Time-Resolved CARS of the Vibron Line Shape of Crystalline Nitrogen at Low Temperature and High Pressure

Temperature- and pressure-dependent vibrational dephasing results for the alpha, gamma, and epsilon phases of crystalline nitrogen are obtained by time-resolved CARS measurements at high pressure (0−36 kbar) and low temperature (5−35 K). The very small homogeneous contribution to the vibrational line width in crystalline nitrogen at low temperature leads to vibronic dephasing that is dominated by weak inhomogeneous effects. Specifically, crystalline nitrogen cannot be cooled to low temperature without experiencing polymorphic solid-state phase transitions. For example, the β-N2 → α-N2 phase transition at ambient pressure, or the β-N2 → γ-N2 transition between 4 and 21 kbar, may generate defects leading to an inhomogeneous distribution of vibronic site energies. In each case, crystalline β-N2 is formed starting from the supercritical fluid, by either cooling or compression. The negligible homogeneous contribution to the vibron line width for nitrogen at low temperature (<10 K) allows one to probe details o...
Einstein Yang-Mills Pseudoparticles and Electric Charge Quantization

Solutions of the Euclidean-space Einstein-Yang-Mills equations are presented which describe a dyon black hole of mass M, angular momentum J, electric charge Q/sub e/, and magnetic charge Q/sub m/. In addition to the usual magnetic-charge quantization rule eQ/sub m/ = m (m = integer), the space-time topology of the Euclidean black hole, in particular the periodicity in the time coordinate, leads to a new electric-charge quantization eQ/sub e/ = n (1 - r/sub -//r/sub +/), where n = integer and r/sub plus-or-minus/ = M +- (M/sup 2/ + J/sup 2/M/sup -2/ + 4..pi.. (Q/sub e//sup 2/ - Q/sup 2//sub m/))/sup 1/2/. Regarded as a (non-self-dual) Einstein-Yang- Mills pseudoparticle, the solution has finite action, a gravitational Euler number chi = 2, and an SU(2) Pontryagin number P = 2mn.
Museum Education: A Nonformal Education Perspective.

Abstract The study of adult education has much to offer museum education, particularly from the lens of nonformal education—education that takes place outside formal educational settings. Through analysis of two case studies of nonformal education at museums (parks, historical sites, and cultural institutions), findings reveal a much more complex picture of teaching in museums than is usually recognized. They shed light on the unique context and practice of museum education that significantly impacts the museum experience.
Enhanced intensity of 7.6 MeV gamma rays from an 241Am/Be source in a multilayered CH2Fe shield

Monte Carlo neutron-photon transport calculations were used in the empirical design of spherical shields that enhance the 7.6 MeV gamma-ray intensity from a shielded 241Am/Be source.
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma: A study on 108 cases with emphasis on the prognostic significance of associated endometrioid carcinoma, absence of invasion, and concomitant ovarian carcinoma

One hundred eight cases of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) were analyzed to characterize its histologic features and biologic behavior. Special situations that could conceivably modify the behavior and therapeutic approaches were considered: (1) the occurrence of areas of endometrioid carcinoma in otherwise typical UPSC; (2) the confinement of UPSC to an otherwise benign endometrial polyp or the endometrial mucosa or absence of residual tumor at the time of hysterectomy; and (3) the coexistence of a superficial UPSC and a serous ovarian carcinoma. There was coexistence of endometrioid and UPSC in 22 cases, and tumor was confined to an endometrial polyp or endometrium in 19 cases. There was simultaneous pathologic stage I UPSC and papillary serous ovarian carcinoma in 10 cases. In patients with pathologic stages I and II UPSC the presence of areas of endometrioid carcinoma intermixed with the UPSC did not improve survival. Patients with stage I disease and no residual tumor or tumor confined to an endometrial polyp/endometrial mucosa and without vascular invasion had a survival not statistically different from those with stage I disease but with myometrial and/or vascular invasion. Patients with stage I UPSC with concomitant ovarian serous surface papillary carcinoma had survival not statistically different from patients with stage IV UPSC.
Identification of cis-regulatory elements from the C. elegans Hox gene lin-39 required for embryonic expression and for regulation by the transcription factors LIN-1, LIN-31 and LIN-39

Expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans Hox gene lin-39 begins in the embryo and continues in multiple larval cells, including the P cell lineages that generate ventral cord neurons (VCNs) and vulval precursor cells (VPCs). lin-39 is regulated by several factors and by Wnt and Ras signaling pathways; however, no cis-acting sites mediating lin-39 regulation have been identified. Here, we describe three elements controlling lin-39 expression: a 338-bp upstream fragment that directs embryonic expression in P5-P8 and their descendants in the larva, a 247-bp intronic region sufficient for VCN expression, and a 1.3-kb upstream cis-regulatory module that drives expression in the VPC P6.p in a Ras-dependent manner. Three trans-acting factors regulate expression via the 1.3-kb element. A single binding site for the ETS factor LIN-1 mediates repression in VPCs other than P6.p; however, loss of LIN-1 decreases expression in P6.p. Therefore, LIN-1 acts both negatively and positively on lin-39 in different VPCs. The Forkhead domain protein LIN-31 also acts positively on lin-39 in P6.p via this module. Finally, LIN-39 itself binds to this element, suggesting that LIN-39 autoregulates its expression in P6.p. Therefore, we have begun to unravel the cis-acting sites regulating lin-39 Hox gene expression and have shown that lin-39 is a direct target of the Ras pathway acting via LIN-1 and LIN-31.
The Unconscious in the Anthropology of Claude Lévi-Strauss1

Levi-Strauss claims that the unconscious activity of mind is more important than the conscious one for understanding social phenomena and that the unconscious consists of an aggregate of forms, which are imposed on psychological and physical content. The real inspiration of Levi-Strauss' notion is the Kantian notion of mental constraints and the postulate of isomorphism of mental and physical laws. The methodological usefulness of the unconscious as a principle of intelligibility is placed in evidence.
H2O2 in CO2/H2O Biphasic Systems: Green Synthesis and Epoxidation Reactions

Hydrogen peroxide is a “green” oxidant whose relatively high cost has prevented it from being generally applied to commodity chemical processing. In large part, the attributes of the current H2O2 process (the anthraquinone, or AQ, route) that contribute to its high cost also contribute to its nonsustainable features: byproduct streams, high energy input and solvent usage, and multiple required unit operations. We have explored the generation of hydrogen peroxide directly from hydrogen and oxygen using liquid CO2 as the solvent. Producing H2O2 directly from H2 and O2 in the presence of a CO2-soluble Pd catalyst could potentially eliminate entire unit operations and reduce raw material costs significantly. Further, homogeneous reaction in liquid CO2 allows for contact between significant concentrations of O2 and H2, high rates of reaction, and ready recovery of the product via stripping into water. Both Pd(+2) and Pd(0) catalysts were explored for the reaction; our results suggest that future work should f...
Synthesis of [Li(THF)4]2[Th(η5-C2B9H11)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, I): The First Dicarbollide Complexes of Thorium

The first thorium complexes incorporating dicarbollide ligands, [Li(THF)4]2[Th(η5-C2B9H11)2X2] (X = Cl, Br, I) and [Li(THF)4][Th(η5-C2B9H11)Br3(THF)], have been prepared and characterized by a comb...