cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of student goals in school-based practice: physical therapists’ experiences and perceptions

Purpose: Development of individualized student goals is integral to special education. Although United States federal legislation and state, local, and professional guidelines outline preferred goa...
GPU-accelerated generic analytic simulation and image reconstruction platform for multi-pinhole SPECT systems

We introduce a generic analytic simulation and image reconstruction software platform for multi-pinhole (MPH) SPECT systems. The platform is capable of modeling common or sophisticated MPH designs as well as complex data acquisition schemes. Graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration was utilized to make a high-performance computing software. Herein, we describe the software platform and provide verification studies of the simulation and image reconstruction software.
Pathwise Itô calculus for rough paths and rough PDEs with path dependent coefficients

This paper introduces path derivatives, in the spirit of Dupire’s functional Ito calculus, for controlled rough paths in rough path theory with possibly non-geometric rough paths. We next study rough PDEs with coefficients depending on the rough path itself, which corresponds to stochastic PDEs with random coefficients. Such coefficients are less regular in the time variable, which is not covered in the existing literature. The results are useful for studying viscosity solutions of stochastic PDEs.
A ATUALIDADE DOS DEZ PRINCÍPIOS DA MAFALDA DE “QUINO” PARA UMA EDUCAÇÃO ÉTICA E DA RAZÃO CRIATIVA

It aims to discuss in this article the actuality of Mafalda’s Ten Principles (Os Dez Principios de Mafalda), as guiding principles of an ethics and a creative reason in childhood, a contribution by “Quino” - Joaquin Salvador Lavado Tejon (1968) to Education. These Ten Principles are relevant to children's collective learning and to the adult sentitize process. The criticism of the adult world are critics by a child character, involved in the daily discussions, problems, and dilemmas of adults caused by themselves. It stands out as fundamentals values in the ten principles: right to a citizen child life, respect for the human being and for the child and its childhood, right to care, right to social, cultural and educational insertion, right to protection and citizenship, right to express creativity and curiosity, right to get knowledge of a quality education to ensure emancipation and autonomy, right to be able to educate oneself without constraints, discrimination, and class, ethnical or cultural prejudice, learning to cultivate personal and collective values without imposition and without dogmatism. Anyway, Quino seems to point to an education that values knowledge building in an open way, and also that the awakening of curiosity and creative reason are valued in the formative process, a process of mimesis, of exchange and discussion between children and adults. The childhood for Quino allows us to discuss social behaviors and ethical education through critical and creative exercises and positions supported by a sensibility and a creative reason, as forming and guiding elements of an education for thinking and valuing life.
Cyborg Woman: Ex Machina and Racial Otherness

Magistrale explores the role of the racialized and sexualized cyborg “woman” in Ex Machina, a film he argues that presents the viewer with a female android that becomes a locus for current cultural debates about race and gender. Within the movie, he argues, there is a racial hierarchy at work amongst the various races represented by the cyborg. Drawing on the work of Donna Haraway and Robin Wood, Magistrale argues that the cyborg is both monster and racialized other, and he unpacks what he sees as Hollywood’s tendency to fetishize both in order to preserve hegemonic (and patriarchal) power.
Nonlinear phase bores in drift wave-zonal flow dynamics

A minimal model of nonlinear phase dynamics in drift waves is shown to support phase bore solutions. Coupled nonlinear equations for amplitude, phase, and zonal flow are derived for the Hasegawa-Mima system and specialized to the case of spatiotemporally constant amplitude. In that limit, phase curvature (finite second derivative of the phase with respect to the radius) alone generates propagating shear flows. The phase field evolves nonlinearly by a competition between phase steepening and dispersion. The analytical solution of the model reveals that the phase bore solutions so obtained realize the concept of a phase slip in a concrete dynamical model of drift wave dynamics. The implications for phase turbulence are discussed.
Oral Microbiome Profiling in Smokers with and without Head and Neck Cancer Reveals Variations Between Health and Disease.

While smoking is inextricably linked to Oral/Head and Neck Cancer (HNSCC), only a small fraction of smokers develop HNSCC. Thus, we have sought to identify other factors which may influence the development of HNSCC in smokers including microbiology. To determine microbial associations with HNSCC among tobacco users, we characterized oral microbiome composition in smokers with and without HNSCC. 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing was used to examine the oral mucosa microbiome of 27 smokers with (cases) and 24 without HNSCC (controls). In addition, we correlated previously reported levels of DNA damage with the microbiome data. Smokers with HNSCC showed lower microbiome richness compared to controls (p=0.012). Beta-diversity analyses assessed as UniFrac (weighted and unweighted) and Bray-Curtis distances, showed significant differences in oral mucosal microbiome signatures between cases and controls (r2=0.03, p=0.03) and higher inter-individual microbiome heterogeneity in the former (q
Chapter 6 – Germination Ecology of Seeds with Physical Dormancy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses germination phenologies of seeds with physical dormancy. It also illustrates the role of drying in the development and maintenance of physical dormancy. Most of the information on the germination requirements of seeds (after physical dormancy is broken) comes from studies in which various laboratory techniques have been used to make seeds permeable. The examples of germination phenology of seeds with physical dormancy are the species growing in a temperate climate with hot, moist summers, and cold, wet winters. Seeds of many species with physical dormancy grow in subtropical or tropical regions with annual wet and dry seasons, and germinate at the beginning of the wet season. Thus, a survey is performed on the methods for artificially breaking physical dormancy, as well as germination requirements for seeds after they become permeable. The role of various environmental factors in the breaking of physical dormancy is also examined. Finally, attention is given to how physiological dormancy is broken in those seeds with both physical and physiological dormancy.
Information Asymmetry and the Choice of Financial and Non-Financial Performance Targets During an Economic Downturn

Prior studies examining how firms use multiple performance measures when evaluating their managers rarely recognize that managers may be privately informed about how well different measures reflect their effort. We extend the standard multi-tasking model to allow performance measures to be affected by the information asymmetry between the firm and its privately informed manager. We show that reducing the information asymmetry component of one measure reduces the corresponding information rent and consequently increases the relative incentive weight on that measure. This result guides our empirical inquiry of performance target setting using survey data on 2,136 entities collected before, during, and after the 2008-2009 recession. We predict that the recession made it more difficult for managers to understand how their effort translates into financial results and thus reduced the information asymmetry affecting financial performance measures. Consistent with our theoretical result, we find using various regression and matching estimators that financial performance targets are substantially more difficult to achieve (afford managers less slack) and at the same time account for a greater part of managerial incentive compensation during the recession than during our control periods.
Fall-related emergency department visits involving alcohol among older adults.

Abstract Problem: Falls are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults aged 65 years and older. Characteristics of these falls may vary with alcohol use. Objective: Describe and compare characteristics of older adult fall-related emergency department (ED) visits with indication of alcohol to visits with no indication. Methods: Using nationally-representative 2015 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program data, we compared demographic characteristics for fall-related ED visits by indication of alcohol consumption. Alcohol-indicated ED visits were matched on age group, sex, treatment month, and treatment day to ED visits with no alcohol indication using a 1:4 ratio and injury characteristics (i.e., diagnosis, body part injured, disposition) were compared. Results and discussion: Of 38,640 ED records, 906 (1.9%) indicated use of alcohol. Fall-related ED visits among women were less likely to indicate alcohol (1.0%) compared to ED visits among men (3.8%). ED visits indicating alcohol decreased with age from 4.1% for those 65–74 years to 1.5% for those 75–84 and
Modeling unidirectional corrosion damage evolution in a SS 316 pencil-electrode experiment

Abstract A three-stage, unidirectional pit growth model is developed to simulate corrosion damage evolution in a pencil electrode experimental setup. Stage I models initial pit growth, in the absence of a salt film, under activation control and a constant current density. Stage I is terminated when the ionic metal concentration reaches its saturation limit. Stage II models stable pit growth under diffusion control where the metal ion flux is the same as the dissolution rate of the metal at the bottom of the pit. During Stage II, the applied bulk potential is decreased at a specified scan rate. When the bulk potential reaches the transition potential, Stage III begins. In this stage the pit growth is under activation control that is defined by a prescribed polarization curve. Stage III continues until the metal repassivates as the potential is decreased. The governing system of equations for each stage is solved analytically, where possible, or numerically to determine the potential drop and the concentrations of sodium, chloride, and metal ions within the pit. The pit depth as a function of time is determined from Faraday's Law in Stages I and III, and from a mass balance at the electrolyte/metal interface in Stage II. The cumulative pit depth is compared with experimental pit depths in the literature for stainless steel in chloride solution.
Development of a Two-Level VSC Based DC Impedance Measurement Unit

To analyze the small-signal stability of a power-electronics-based dc distribution system, it is important to know the converter input and output impedances. In a physical system, the converter impedances are measured for stability analysis in different ways. Many impedance measurement methods require dedicated frequency analysis equipment and/or are not suitable for high-power applications. This paper proposes one practical and easy-to-use solution for dc impedance measurement, which does not need any dedicated equipment or any extra power supply. Instead, it uses a two-level voltage source converter, which is usually available in a hybrid dc grid, to inject small perturbations into the system under test. Then the dc terminal voltage and current waveforms are measured by oscilloscopes and imported to MATLAB for further handling. Fast Fourier transform and system identification techniques are conducted to get the non-parametric impedance transfer functions. Simulation and experimental results are also given to validate the effectiveness of this approach.
Ivory in an ebony tower: how white students at HBCUs negotiate their whiteness

How do white individuals establish themselves as authentic and belonging members of communities of colour? To explore this question, I examine the experiences of white students of Historically Blac...
Archival Artistry: Exploring Disability Aesthetics in Late Twentieth Century Higher Education

Jay Dolmage’s (2014) Disability Rhetoric encourages scholars to search beyond normative Aristolean bounds of rhetoric and embrace a critical lens of rhetorical activity as embodied, and disability as an inalienable aspect of said embodiment (p. 289). To that end, this project posits an innovative structure for rhetorically (re)analyzing disability history in higher education through a framework of disability aesthetics. In Academic Ableism, Jay Dolmage (2017) argues that an institution’s aesthetic ideologies and architecture denote a rhetorical agenda of ableism. In Disability Aesthetics, Tobin Siebers (2010) asserts disability is a vital aspect of aesthetic interpretation. Both works determine that disability has always held a crucial, critical role in the production and consumption of aestheticism, as it invites able-bodied individuals to consider the dynamic, nonnormative instantiations of the human body as a social, civic issue (p. 2). Disability, therefore, has the power to reinvigorate the sociorhetorical impact of both aesthetic representation and the human experience writ large. With this framework in mind, this project arranges an archival historiography of disability history in higher education in the late twentieth century at a mid-sized U.S. state institution. During this time, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was finally signed into law, and universities confronted a legal demand to allow all students access. Ultimately, this project seeks to demonstrate how disability scholars and historiographers can widen the view of both disability history and disability rhetoric in higher education through a focus on student aesthetic performance and intervention.
Director Independence and Corporate Investment Efficiency: Evidence from Board Reforms Worldwide

This paper investigates the effect of major board independence reforms on corporate investment efficiency using a large sample of firms from 30 countries. We find evidence of a significant reduction in over-investment subsequent to initiation of board reforms. This reduction is most effective (1) in countries with rule-based reforms and higher liability standards and (2) in firms with lower insider ownership and higher analyst coverage. We also find stronger reductions in over-investment among firms most affected by board reforms – firms that did not have majority board independence at the time of reform. Furthermore, we provide evidence that firms have lower deviations from the level of expected investments following board reforms. Our evidence is consistent with major country-level board reforms that increase the percentage of independent directors enhancing investment efficiency through the mitigation of the moral hazard problem for over-investing firms.
Current Harmonic Mitigation in Grid Tied Solar Photovoltaic System via PRES

The presented research paper explains how a new strategy can help in minimizing the current harmonic of grid tied solar Photovoltaic Power System via PRES (Proportional Resonant) compensator. Various compensators are being used to reduce the current harmonic distortion but their performance get deteriorated when the voltage of utility grid start experiencing abnormal situation for example unbalance voltages and voltage harmonic. In this paper, limitations of Current Control Compensator working under varying grid condition will be investigated and later., with the help of PRES compensator., the result in a low current total harmonic distortion of 1% of utility grid, will be obtained. Further, detailed designed of proposed PRES controller is also presented and efforts have been made to focus on use of PRES controller for minimizing the current harmonic.
Career Research Productivity Correlates With Medical School Ranking Among Cardiothoracic Surgeons.

Abstract Background The foundation for a successful academic surgical career begins in medical school. We examined whether attending a top-ranked medical school is correlated with enhanced research productivity and faster career advancement among academic cardiothoracic (CT) surgeons. Materials and methods Research profiles and professional histories were obtained from publicly available sources for all CT surgery faculty at accredited US CT surgery teaching hospitals in 2018 (n = 992). We focused on surgeons who completed medical school in the United States during or after 1990, the first-year US News & World Report released its annual medical school research rankings (n = 451). Subanalyses focused on surgeons who completed a research fellowship (n = 299) and those who did not (n = 152). Results A total of 124 surgeons (27.5%) attended a US News & World Report top 10 medical school, whereas 327 (72.5%) did not. Surgeons who studied at a top 10 medical school published more articles per year as an attending surgeon (3.2 versus 1.9; P Conclusions Attending a top-ranked medical school is associated with enhanced future research productivity but not with faster career advancement in academic CT surgery.
Risk Factor Analysis for Infection after Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy.

Background: Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is a well-established treatment for osteoarthritis of the medial tibiofemoral compartment. Surgical site infection (SSI) after MOWHTO is a devastating complication that may require further surgery. In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors for infection after MOWHTO over 1 to 4 years of follow-up. Methods: Fifty-nine patients who underwent MOWHTO combined with knee arthroscopic surgery were included in this prospective study. Artificial bone grafts were used in all cases. Possible risk factors, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), underlying disease, hospitalization length, correction angle, and surgery time, were recorded. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were used. Results: A total of 59 patients who underwent 61 operations were included. Eleven patients (18.0%) were reported to have SSI. Univariate analysis showed that smoking and diabetes mellitus were positively associated with SSI. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking and age were positively associated with SSI. Three patients (4.9%) were reported to suffer from deep SSI, requiring surgical debridement, all of whom were male smokers. Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, and old age were identified to be possible risk factors of SSI after MOWHTO. These findings are common risk factors of SSI after orthopedic surgery according to the literature. Patient selection should be performed cautiously, and postoperative prognosis for MOWHTO should be carefully explained to patients who smoke.
Chronic villitis: Refining the risk ratio of recurrence using a large placental pathology sample.

Abstract Introduction Chronic villitis is an inflammatory lesion that affects 5–15% of placentas and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Chronic villitis may also recur; however, studies estimating recurrence are based on small samples and estimates of recurrence range from 10 to 56%. Methods We utilized data from placentas submitted to pathology at a Chicago hospital between January 2009 and March 2018. During the study period, 883 patients had two placentas submitted to pathology. We estimated the risk of recurrent chronic villitis, adjusted for maternal and pregnancy characteristics. We also evaluated whether prevalence of small for gestational age infant differed for those with recurrent chronic villitis and we investigated whether placental pathology worsened in the second study pregnancy among those with recurrent chronic villitis. Results The overall prevalence of recurrent chronic villitis in the study sample was 11.5%. Among those with chronic villitis in the first pregnancy, 54% developed chronic villitis in the second pregnancy, corresponding to an adjusted risk ratio of 2.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.92, 2.91). Recurrent chronic villitis was not associated with increased prevalence of small for gestational infant as compared with non-recurrent villitis. Among those with recurrent chronic villitis, high-grade chronic inflammation and fetal vascular malperfusion were more common in the second pregnancy as compared with the first. Discussion Our results suggest that those with chronic villitis in the first pregnancy are over twice as likely to develop chronic villitis in the second pregnancy and that chronic inflammation and fetal vascular malperfusion may worsen among those with recurrent chronic villitis.
Online Sequential Learning of Fuzzy Measures for Choquet Integral Fusion

The Choquet integral (ChI) is an aggregation operator defined with respect to a fuzzy measure (FM). The FM encodes the worth of all subsets of the sources of information that are being aggregated. The ChI is capable of representing many aggregation functions and has found its application in a wide range of decision fusion problems. In our prior work, we introduced a data support-based approach for learning the FM for decision fusion problems. This approach applies a quadratic programming (QP)-based method to train the FM. However, since the FM of ChI scales as $2^{N}$ , where $N$ is the number of input sources, the space complexity for learning the FM grows exponentially with $N$ . This has limited the practical application of ChI-based decision fusion methods to small numbers of dimenstions— $N$ ≲ 6 is practical in most cases. In this work, we propose an iterative gradient descent-based approach to train the FM for ChI with an efficient method for handling the FM constraints. This method processes the training data, one observation at a time, and thereby significantly reduces the space complexity of the training process. We tested our online method on synthetic and real-world data sets, and compared the performance and convergence behaviour with our previously proposed QP-based method (i.e., batch method). On 10 out of 12 data sets, the online learning method has either matched or outperformed the batch method. We also show that we are able to use larger numbers of inputs with the online learning approach, extending the practical application of the ChI.
Survival and Local Control Outcomes Following Palliative Radiation for Malignant Airway Obstruction.

Purpose/Objective(s) Palliative radiation may be beneficial for patients with metastatic or locally advanced disease causing malignant airway obstruction (MAO). However, the subset of patients most likely to benefit from palliative airway radiation is unknown. In this study, we seek to report local control and survival outcomes for patients treated with palliative radiation for MAO and provide prognostic factors for improved overall survival. Materials/Methods An IRB approved single institution retrospective review of patients treated with palliative thoracic radiation for MAO from 2008-2016 was undertaken. The primary study endpoint was overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints included local response and airway specific progression free survival. Kaplan-Meier survival, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with OS. Variables with clinical and univariate significance were modelled using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Palliative radiation for MAO was identified for 237 patients (median age of 63.8 yrs). 88.6% of patients were treated for primary lung cancer and 41.6% of those patients had adenocarcinoma histology. At time of analysis, 78.5% patients had died. Median follow-up was 2 months. Out of 116 patients with imaging follow-up: 31.0% had airway specific progression, 68.9% had complete or partial response at last follow up. For those patients with palliative tumor response, median time to progression was 5.0 (Range 1.1-17.8) months. Kaplan-Meier estimate of median overall survival following start of radiation therapy was 5.0 (95% CI 3.8-5.8) months. In multivariable analyses, there was a marginally increased hazard ratio for patients who had dyspnea at rest HR 2.09 (95% CI 0.78-5.62), oxygen requirement at presentation HR 1.28 (95% CI 0.81-2.01), and higher ECOG level 2-4 HR 1.21 (95% CI 0.81-1.80). Conversely, squamous cell histology and treatment with BED10 greater than or equal to 39 (equivalent to the commonly used 30Gy in 10 fraction regimen) were significantly predictive of improved OS, HR 0.56 (95% CI 0.32-0.97) and HR 0.42 (95% CI 0.28-0.64) respectively. Conclusion To our knowledge, this analysis is the largest collection of patients receiving palliative thoracic radiotherapy for MAO. These data show that MAO is a poor prognostic feature for survival, but treatment responses are seen. Increased BED delivered and squamous cell carcinoma, a radiosensitive tumor histology, were associated with improved survival. These results may help to inform optimized patient selection for and outcomes of patients with MAO receiving palliative RT.
Examining the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Academic Performance: Implications for Diversity and Equity in Higher Education:

In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the experience of food insecurity among students at higher education institutions. Most of the literature has focused on undergraduates in ...
PAPER PRESERVATION--NEW HOPE FOR SURVIVAL.

Abstract Crumbling paper in books and documents issued after 1860 was impossible to rehabilitate until recently. The W. J. Barrow Laboratory for several years has made exhaustive tests which show that deacidification offers a new means of ensuring survival of important texts and documents. Books now must be taken apart for the process, but spray deacidification may provide a less expensive treatment in the future. Librarians should be alert to the various methods developed in the Barrow Laboratory and should coordinate rehabilitation programs.
Book Review: The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice. By Christopher H. Foreman, Jr.

Christopher H. Foreman, Jr.'s The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice asserts several disturbing critiques of the environmental justice movement. ... Foreman's one-sided, or at least, less-than-neutral presentation of environmental justice studies should not, however, obscure some legitimate challenges Foreman poses to the future of the environmental justice movement, which include: (1) the failure to grapple with risk assessment, or the "proximity does not equal health effect" problem; (2) the failure to use risk assessment to compare risks and set priorities; (3) the failure to explore analytically the relationship between environmental hazards and social and economic justice; and (4) the failure to translate a grassroots movement into a nationally influential policy making power. However, certain criticisms of comparative risk have even more force in the area of environmental justice, where lack of data about toxic impacts on minority populations is a particular problem. Is it not a logical and appropriate regulatory policy to reduce or eliminate exposure to carcinogens whenever feasible when the cause of most of the cancers of a fairly common cancer in women is unknown? While Foreman acknowledges the logic of the argument that it is better to be preventive and reduce unnecessary exposure to toxics that may cause cancer, he does not seem to take that argument to heart in his book.
Joining of Silicon Carbide ‐ Based Ceramics by Reaction Forming Approach

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the development and testing of silicon-based ceramics and composite components for a number of aerospace and ground based systems. The designs often require fabrication of complex shaped parts which can be quite expensive. One attractive way of achieving this goal is to build up complex shapes by joining together geometrically simple shapes. However, the joints should have good mechanical strength and environmental stability comparable to the bulk materials. These joints should also be able to maintain their structural integrity at high temperatures. In addition, the joining technique should be practical, reliable, and affordable. Thus, joining has been recognized as one of the enabling technologies for the successful utilization of silicon carbide based ceramic components in high temperature applications. Overviews of various joining techniques, i.e., mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, welding, brazing, and soldering have been provided in recent publications. The majority of the techniques used today are based on the joining of monolithic ceramics with metals either by diffusion bonding, metal brazing, brazing with oxides and oxynitrides, or diffusion welding. These techniques need either very high temperatures for processing or hot pressing (high pressures). The joints produced by these techniques have different thermal expansion coefficients than the ceramic materials, which creates a stress concentration in the joint area. The use temperatures for these joints are around 700 C. Ceramic joint interlayers have been developed as a means of obtaining high temperature joints. These joint interlayers have been produced via pre-ceramic polymers, in-situ displacement reactions, and reaction bonding techniques. Joints produced by the pre-ceramic polymer approach exhibit a large amounts of porosity and poor mechanical properties. On the other hand, hot pressing or high pressures are needed for in-situ displacement reactions and reaction bonding techniques. Due to the equipment required, these techniques are impractical for joining large or complex shaped components.
Positive relationship-intensity of response to p-phenylenediamine on patch testing and cross-reactions with related allergens.

SummaryBackground Hair dye exposure is the most common cause of sensitization to p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Cross-reactions with structurally related allergens occur. Objectives It is suggested that a stronger patch test reaction (3+ rather than 1+) to PPD (usually tested as 1% petrolatum) is associated with an increased propensity for cross-reactions. In this article we will demonstrate this association. Methods Of 230 patients with allergic reactions to PPD on patch testing identified during 2007–2012 from clinical records, notes for 221 were available for review. Data were collected regarding age, sex, and grade of reaction [International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) criteria] to PPD. Cross-reactions with the following allergens, found in our baseline series, were recorded: Disperse Yellow 3, N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD), and caine mix. Having excluded 23 doubtful reactions, the reactions from 198 patients were further considered. Results Of the patients, 75.3% (n = 149) were female, and the mean age was 48.6 years (12–82 years). Of the patients allergic to PPD, 16.6% (n = 33) showed cross-reactions with one or more related allergens. Cross-reactions were seen in 16% with a grade of 1+, 14.5% with a grade of 2+, 28.6% with a grade of 3+ when PPD was tested 1% pet., and 50.0% when PPD was tested at 0.1–0.001%, arbitrarily considered to be 4+ (p = 0.02; Cramer's V = 0.23). Conclusion An increasing likelihood of reactions to Disperse Yellow 3, IPPD or caine mix was seen with increasing strength of patch test reaction to PPD. The clinical relevance of these cross-reactions is unclear.
Freeon Dynamics: A Novel Theory of Atoms and Molecules

Publisher Summary Central to freeon dynamics is the indistinguishability of electrons; this property is a symmetry, which is expressed in terms of the symmetric group, S N , the group of permutations on the indices of the N identical electrons. The use of spin to label the freeon spaces, which carry the dynamics of the system, has confused those chemists who are locked into the spin paradigm. The theory of the application of the unitary group to quantum chemistry (together with relevant references) has been developed in Roy Mcweeny's text and in The Unitary Group in Quantum Chemistry (1986), written in collaboration with Ruben Pauncz. The freeon unitary–group formulation is the basis of the Paldus-Shavitt GUGA (graphical-unitary-group approach), an efficient algorithm for large-scale configuration–interaction calculations. The theory and vocabulary of freeon dynamics is quite technical and intimidating, particularly to those unfamiliar with group theory. Fortunately, its application is actually quite simple.
The Episode of the Foundry Workers’ Strike in Hector Berlioz's Opera Benvenuto Cellini

Auguste Barbier and Leon de Wailly's libretto for Hector Berlioz's 1838 opera Benvenuto Cellini contains a work stoppage by the foundry workers who are casting the Italian Renaissance artist's sculpture of Perseus and the slain Medusa. While Cellini describes no such event in his autobiographical Vita, he does recount another story that may have suggested to the librettists their invention of the workers’ strike episode. Contemporary Romantic writers, including Alfred de Vigny and Victor Hugo, in their theater and verse, treated the themes of the suffering of industrial workers and the insensitivity of industrialists. Barbier published, also in 1838, Lazare, a collection of satiric poems that analyzed the social problems caused by the Industrial Revolution in Britain, above all the exploitation and suffering of the working class. The France of the 1830s saw a notable increase in the pace of industrialization, the formation of the proletariat and the manufacturing capitalist class, and the first laborers’ ...
Polymorphism in a cyclic parthenogenetic species: Simocephalus serrulatus.

ABSTRACT A survey of sixteen isozyme loci using electrophoretic techniques was conducted for three isolated natural populations and one laboratory population of the cyclic parthenogenetic species, Simocephalus serrulatus . The proportion of polymorphic loci (33%-60%) and the average number of heterozygous loci per individual (6%-23%) in the three natural populations were found to be comparable to those found in most sexually reproducing organisms. Detailed analyses were made for one of these populations using five polymorphic loci. The results indicated that (1) seasonal changes in genotypic frequencies took place, (2) apomictic parthenogenesis does not lead to genetic homogeneity, and (3) marked gametic disequilibrium at these five loci was present in the population, indicating that selection acted on coadapted groups of genes.
Marginal structural models for the estimation of the risk of Diabetes Mellitus in the presence of elevated depressive symptoms and antidepressant medication use in the Women’s Health Initiative observational and clinical trial cohorts

We evaluate the combined effect of the presence of elevated depressive symptoms and antidepressant medication use with respect to risk of type 2 diabetes among approximately 120,000 women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), and compare several different statistical models appropriate for causal inference in non-randomized settings. Data were analyzed for 52,326 women in the Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trials (CT) Cohort and 68,169 women in the Observational Study (OS) Cohort after exclusions. We included follow-up to 2005, resulting in a median duration of 7.6 years of follow up after enrollment. Results from three multivariable Cox models were compared to those from marginal structural models that included time varying measures of antidepressant medication use, presence of elevated depressive symptoms and BMI, while adjusting for potential confounders including age, ethnicity, education, minutes of recreational physical activity per week, total energy intake, hormone therapy use, family history of diabetes and smoking status. Our results are consistent with previous studies examining the relationship of antidepressant medication use and risk of type 2 diabetes. All models showed a significant increase in diabetes risk for those taking antidepressants. The Cox Proportional Hazards models using baseline covariates showed the lowest increase in risk , with hazard ratios of 1.19 (95 % CI 1.06 – 1.35) and 1.14 (95 % CI 1.01 – 1.30) in the OS and CT, respectively. Hazard ratios from marginal structural models comparing antidepressant users to non-users were 1.35 (95 % CI 1.21 – 1.51) and 1.27 (95 % CI 1.13 – 1.43) in the WHI OS and CT, respectively – however, differences among estimates from traditional Cox models and marginal structural models were not statistically significant in both cohorts. One explanation suggests that time-dependent confounding was not a substantial factor in these data, however other explanations exist. Unadjusted Cox Proportional Hazards models showed that women with elevated depressive symptoms had a significant increase in diabetes risk that remained after adjustment for confounders. However, this association missed the threshold for statistical significance in propensity score adjusted and marginal structural models. Results from the multiple approaches provide further evidence of an increase in risk of type 2 diabetes for those on antidepressants.
Justice in a global age: Becoming counselors to the world1

I wish to begin with remarks that could best be described as a prologue. The invitation to deliver a keynote address to an audience of activists, scholars, and professionals committed to social justice challenged my imagination. My initial inclination was to discuss the meaning and nature of social justice. But, as I continued thinking about the task before me, I understood that I could not speak in the abstract about justice; that I could not merely discuss the many definitions of justice and their origins nor the consequences of their assumptions, admirable as this task might be. Rather, I knew that given the many global challenges before us, I would need to contextualize and frame my remarks within the context of our times – times that are confronting us with an endless stream of abuses to human dignity and welfare, and times that are presenting serious threats to the source, distribution, and restoration of justice! Times, also, that require a remembrance of those heroes of social justice who have come before us, and whose sacrifices paved the way for the justice we do have today, and times that require reflection on the roots of justice that reside in our human nature. I have no hesitation in telling you that I, like many of you, am deeply troubled and saddened by the abuses of privilege and power that are now occurring in our government, business, and religious sectors. Indeed the strategic convergence of shared interests and agendas among these three sectors of our society, in combination with a media failing to meet its responsibilities to accurately report news and to conduct investigative journalism, now constitutes, in my opinion,
Development of salicylidene derivatives as novel receptors for anion sensing and recognition

Salicylidene derivatives have been developed as a new set of highly sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic sensors for anions. A systematic synthesis and investigation of salicylidene derivatives reveals their complementarity with fluoride, acetate and phosphate ions, which can be utilized in anion-sensor binding. Synthesis of receptors proceeded at room temperature or by microwave irradiation, both achieving yields of 80-95 percent with a short reaction time. A substantially red-shifted fluorescence and absorption of receptors in acetonitrile was enhanced upon addition of fluoride, acetate and dihydrogen phosphate depending on the extent of conjugation, nature and the site of substituents in the system. Intense color change and high binding constants demonstrates high sensitivity for fluoride ions as compared to other anions that could allow detection under both visual and fluorescence emission conditions. Investigation of behavior of receptors with anions in different solvents reveals the interaction to be hydrogen bonding in nature.
Ad Libitum Phosphorus Supplementation of Range Cows in the Northern Great Plains

Phosphorus (P) supplementation of range cows is practiced in the Northern Great Plains, but animal performance data to support this practice are limiting. The performance of range cows and calves prazing native pastures with and without ad libitum supplemental P was compared during the June through October grazing seasons of 1978, 1979, and 1980. Pastures contained primarily western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], needleandthread (Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr.), green needlegrass (S. viridula Trin.), blue grama [bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths], and upland sedges (Carex spp.). Phosphorus levels in extrusa and standing crop forage were monitored and compared to U.S. National Research Council (USNRC requirements for lactating beef cows (Bos taurus) (...)
Insulin-like Growth Factor-I et dénutrition aiguë ou chronique

Resume La denutrition est un probleme frequent affectant de nombreux patients au cours de pathologies tant aigues que chroniques. Si l'apport de nutriments par voie parenterale ou enterale a permis de faire face a un certain nombre de desordres lies a des carences specifiques, toutefois, l'impact sur la denutrition induite par la maladie est plus limite. La modulation du metabolisme par des agents exogenes represente un outil attractif pour ameliorer le pronostic des patients exposes a la denutrition. L'Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) et l'hormone de croissance (GH) sont deux de ces agents et pourraient etre utilises dans un grand nombre de situations cliniques afin d'ameliorer la cicatrisation, de maintenir la masse maigre et de preserver la fonctionnalite de differents organes.
The cancer outcomes measurement working group: Evaluating the state of the science and developing recommendations for improving outcomes assessment in cancer

OBJECTIVE: In response to the increasing importance of and demand for outcomes research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) established the Cancer Outcomes Measurement Working Group (COMWG) to assess the state of the science of outcomes measurement and identify priorities for future research and practice. DISCUSSION: The COMWG is part of NCI’s Quality of Cancer Care Initiative; however, the COMWG is not an advisory committee or decisional group. The NC1 invited 35 researchers primarily from academia, medical centers, and government to participate in the COMWG, and members have been working over the past 18 months to provide their individual input on the state of the science and recommendations to improve measurement of key patient outcomes in cancer. Specifically, the COMWG is addressing 3 end points (health-related quality of life [QOL], patient satisfaction, and economic burden), 4 cancers (breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal), the continuum of care (screening/prevention, treatment, survivorship, end of life), and multiple applications (individual patient/clinician decision-making, clinical trials, observational studies). The COMWG is focused on a wide range of research questions related to outcomes assessment in cancer. The issues of clinically important differences are being addressed within the context of a broad review of the current state of the science and recommendations for research to improve measurement of patient-reported outcomes in cancer. Research questions address current best practices and recommendations for the future in assessing the 3 outcomes in the 4 cancers across the continuum of care; different perspectives on and uses of the resulting data; and statistical, psychometric, and methodological considerations. Members are working individually or in pairs, and those who have similar research questions or areas of expertise are in affinity groups that review each other’s work and provide a multidisciplinary perspective. The working group will report to the NC1 in May 2002, and the results will likely be published in a book. During this session, we will be pleased to discuss the progress and preliminary findings of the COMWG and how this research effort relates to the research on assessing clinically meaningful differences.
A Practical Method for Sensor Absolute Calibration

This paper describes a method of performing sensor calibrations using an NBS standard of spectral irradiance. The method shown, among others, was used for calibration of the Mariner IV Canopus sensor. Agreement of inflight response to preflight calibrations performed by this technique has been found to be well within 10%.
Homes for the elderly review

Abstract On 18 June 1993, Norfolk Property Services, UK, was commissioned to project manage and undertake a comparative property based review of 38 Norfolk County Council homes for elderly persons in the UK. The resources budget was set at £100 000, and the work was targeted for completion by the end of November 1993. Subsequent to briefing, the client increased the number of homes to 40, and also extended the scope of the work. The agreed budget was unamended, but the client accepted a completion date of 30 December 1993. The client objectives for the review were to create a property database, to identify the development potential, and to prepare comparative information relating to the improvement of Norfolk County Council homes for elderly persons to meet private sector registration standards and service provider requirements. The conventional practice approach to the architectural management of this type of complex, sensitive and extensive design commission was discounted, because of the time, cost and quality parameters imposed by the client. Instead, Norfolk Property Services opted to apply a systems approach to the management of the process, and it set up a review team outside the existing management structure.
Central nervous system sites of action of bombesin and somatostatin to influence plasma epinephrine levels.

Abstract Bombesin acts within dog brain to increase plasma concentrations of glucose and epinephrine. Microinjection of bombesin into a variety of brain regions demonstrates that this peptide's site of action is within the dorsal hypothalamic area. Microinjection of the somatostatin analog, desAA 1,2,4,5,12,13 [ d -Trp 8 ]-somatostatin (ODT8-SS) into the dorsal hypothalamic area but not into other brain areas prevents bombesin-induced elevation of plasma glucose and epinephrine. Thus bombesin and ODT8-SS act within specific brain areas to influence plasma concentrations of glucose and epinephrine.
Index analysis of unsteady-state chemical process systems—I. An algorithm for problem formulation

Abstract The convergence properties of the numerical methods used for solving systems of differential/ algebraic equations (DAEs) depend upon a very important property of a DAE, its index. In general, index-one problems can be solved routinely, while higher-index problems may present difficulties or be practically unsolvable. The index of DAEs describing chemical processes is strongly affected by the precise formulation of the problem, that is, by the choice of independent variables and equations. Since these choices can often be made rather arbitrarily, it is important that the index be made a criterion in making this choice. In Part I of this set of two papers we present an algorithm for selecting, whenever possible, the independent equations and variables that lead to the formulation of an index-one DAE.