cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stacking sequence optimization of simply supported laminates with stability and strain constraints

An integer programming formulation for the design of symmetric and balanced rectangular composite laminates with simply supported boundary conditions subject to buckling and strain constraints is presented. The design variables that define the stacking sequence of the laminate are ply-identity zero-one integers. The buckling constraint is linear in terms of the ply-identity design variables, but strains are nonlinear functions of these variables. A linear approximation is developed for the strain constraints so that the problem can be solved by sequential linearization using the branch and bound algorithm. Examples of graphite-epox y plates under biaxial compression are presented. Optimum stacking sequences obtained using the linear approximation are compared with global optimum designs obtained using a genetic search procedure.
Termination shock response to large-scale solar wind fluctuations

The analysis of data recorded by the Voyager 2 spacecraft indicates the presence of large-scale fluctuations in the solar wind ram pressure on the time scale of tens of days. The amplitude of the fluctuations is highly variable but often lies within a factor of 5 to 10 change from an average or mean value of the ram pressure. Since the spacecraft has presumably not encountered the termination shock yet, these fluctuations should eventually interact with the shock and thereby play a role in determining the shock location. Numerical solutions of the time-dependent gasdynamic equations are used to simulate the response of the termination shock to fluctuations in the solar wind ram pressure comparable to those observed. The primary result of this study is that the maximum shock excursion due to the fluctuations is of the order of 1 AU, which is much smaller than that predicted by other studies. Additional simulations show that the limited movement is due to the fact that the time scale for the termination shock response is substantially larger than the time scale of the fluctuations. It is also shown that the heliopause acts as a barrier for the fluctuations and confines them to the heliosphere.
Theory of extreme correlations using canonical Fermions and path integrals

Abstract The t – J model is studied using a novel and rigorous mapping of the Gutzwiller projected electrons, in terms of canonical electrons. The mapping has considerable similarity to the Dyson–Maleev transformation relating spin operators to canonical Bosons. This representation gives rise to a non Hermitian quantum theory, characterized by minimal redundancies. A path integral representation of the canonical theory is given. Using it, the salient results of the extremely correlated Fermi liquid (ECFL) theory, including the previously found Schwinger equations of motion, are easily rederived. Further, a transparent physical interpretation of the previously introduced auxiliary Greens function and the ‘caparison factor’, is obtained. The low energy electron spectral function in this theory, with a strong intrinsic asymmetry, is summarized in terms of a few expansion coefficients. These include an important emergent energy scale Δ 0 that shrinks to zero on approaching the insulating state, thereby making it difficult to access the underlying very low energy Fermi liquid behavior. The scaled low frequency ECFL spectral function, related simply to the Fano line shape, has a peculiar energy dependence unlike that of a Lorentzian. The resulting energy dispersion obtained by maximization is a hybrid of a massive and a massless Dirac spectrum E Q ∗ ∼ γ Q − Γ 0 2 + Q 2 , where the vanishing of Q , a momentum type variable, locates the kink minimum. Therefore the quasiparticle velocity interpolates between ( γ ∓ 1 ) over a width Γ 0 on the two sides of Q = 0 , implying a kink there that strongly resembles a prominent low energy feature seen in angle resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES) of cuprate materials. We also propose novel ways of analyzing the ARPES data to isolate the predicted asymmetry between particle and hole excitations.
Electro-osmosis and Water Uptake in Polymer Electrolytes in Equilibrium with Water Vapor at Low Temperatures

Water uptake and electro-osmosis are investigated to improve the understanding and aid the modeling of water transport in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) below 0 C. Measurements of water sorption isotherms show a significant reduction in the water capacity of polymer electrolytes below 0 C. This reduced water content is attributed to the lower vapor pressure of ice compared to supercooled liquid water. At -25 C, 1100 equivalent weight Nafion in equilibrium with vapor over ice has 8 moles of water per sulfonic acid group. Measurements of the electro-osmotic drag coefficient for Nafion and both random and multiblock copolymer sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (BPSH) chemistries are reported for vapor equilibrated samples below 0 C. The electro-osmotic drag coefficient of BPSH chemistries is found to be {approx}0.4, and that of Nafion is {approx}1. No significant temperature effect on the drag coefficient is found. The implication of an electro-osmotic drag coefficient less than unity is discussed in terms of proton conduction mechanisms. Simulations of the ohmically limited current below 0 C show that a reduced water uptake below 0 C results in a significant decrease in PEMFC performance.
Competitive Behavior in Market Games: Evidence and Theory ∗

We explore whether competitive outcomes arise in an experimental implementation of a market game, introduced by Shubik (1972). Market games obtain Pareto inferior (strict) Nash equilibria, in which some markets are closed. We find that subjects do not coordinate on autarkic Nash equilibria, but favor more efficient Nash equilibria in which all markets are open. As the number of subjects participating in the market game increases, the Nash equilibrium they achieve approximates the associated Walrasian equilibrium of the underlying economy. Motivated by these findings, we investigate theoretically whether evolutionary forces lead to Walrasian outcomes in market games. We introduce a strong version of evolutionary stable strategies (SESS )f orfinite populations. Our concept requires stability against deviations by coalitions of agents. A small coalition of trading agents is sufficient for Pareto-improving trade to be generated. In addition, provided that agents lack market power, Nash equilibria corresponding to approximate competitive outcomes constitute the only approximate SESS.
Structural elucidation of the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis strain 23745M1

Abstract The capsule of Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC23745) consists of two distinct polysaccharides, the separation of which could not be accomplished. The mouse-passaged strain (23745M1), however, yielded a preponderant polysaccharide which was isolated and purified. Using mainly high resolution NMR spectroscopy, the structure of the polysaccharide was elucidated and it is composed of the following repeating unit: where α- l-d -Yer is 3,6 dideoxy -4-C-( l -glycero-4′- hydroxyethyl)-α- d -xylo- hexopyranoside .
Real-Time Particle Filters

Particle filters estimate the state of dynamical systems from sensor information. In many real time applications of particle filters, however, sensor information arrives at a significantly higher rate than the update rate of the filter. The prevalent approach to dealing with such situations is to update the particle filter as often as possible and to discard sensor information that cannot be processed in time. In this paper we present real-time particle filters, which make use of all sensor information even when the filter update rate is below the update rate of the sensors. This is achieved by representing posteriors as mixtures of sample sets, where each mixture component integrates one observation arriving during a filter update. The weights of the mixture components are set so as to minimize the approximation error introduced by the mixture representation. Thereby, our approach focuses computational resources (samples) on valuable sensor information. Experiments using data collected with a mobile robot show that our approach yields strong improvements over other approaches.
A Cue-Theory of Consumption

Psychological experiments demonstrate that repeated pairings of a cue and a consumption good eventually create cue-based complementarities: the presence of the cue raises the marginal utility derived from consumption. In this paper, such dynamic preferences are embedded in a rational choice model. Behavior that arises from this model is characterized by endogenous cue sensitivities, costly cue-management, commitment, and cue-based spikes in impatience. The model is used to understand addictive/habit-forming behaviors and marketing. The model explains why preferences change rapidly from moment to moment, why temptations should sometimes be avoided, and how firms package and position goods.
Flat Fold and Cup-Shaped N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Face Seal Area and Pressure Determinations: A Stereophotogrammetry Study

Twenty subjects underwent quantitative respirator fit testing with two styles (flat fold, cup-shaped) of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (N95 FFRs). Passing a fit test was followed by stereophotogrammetry to determine the face seal area and computation of seal pressure. There were significantly different seal pressures (p < 0.01) between standard size flat fold and cup-shaped N95 FFRs but no significant differences in face seal area. No significant differences were noted in fit factors, but more individuals passed fit testing wearing flat fold respirators. The ability of flat fold N95 FFRs, at lower seal pressures, to obtain similar fit factors as cup-shaped N95 FFR at higher seal pressures offers the possibility of enhanced facial comfort without a loss of protection. Stereophotogrammetry offers a relatively simple, non-invasive technology to evaluate various properties of N95 FFR fit.
Generalized de Bruijn Cycles

For a set of integers $ \mathcal{I}$ , we define a q-ary $ \mathcal{I}$ -cycle to be an assignment of the symbols 1 through q to the integers modulo q n so that every word appears on some translate of $ \mathcal{I}$ . This definition generalizes that of de Bruijn cycles, and opens up a multitude of questions. We address the existence of such cycles, discuss “reduced” cycles (ones in which the all-zeroes string need not appear), and provide general bounds on the shortest sequence which contains all words on some translate of $ \mathcal{I}$ . We also prove a variant on recent results concerning decompositions of complete graphs into cycles and employ it to resolve the case of $ |\mathcal{I}| = 2$ completely.
An Empirical Framework for Large-Scale Policy Analysis, with an Application to School Finance Reform in Michigan

lthough typically aiming at specific effects, large-scale policies can trigger other, general equilibrium effects. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation of these policies requires a general equilibrium framework. Furthermore, it is desirable that the framework serve not only for the analysis of actual policies but also for coun In this paper, I develop an empirical framework for the analysis of large-scale policies, and apply it to study the effects of school finance reform on the Detroit metropolitan area. Exploiting school finance reform in Michigan in 1994, I estimate a general equilibrium model of multiple jurisdictions with 1990 data from Detroit, predict the 2000 equilibrium, and compare this prediction with 2000 data to validate the model. I conduct counterfactual simulations using the estimates. According to my analysis, feasible revenue-based reforms that ensure spending equity or adequacy have little impact on school quality or household demographics in Detroit. (JEL H75, I22)
Gold-Catalyzed Efficient Formation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones from Propargylic Acetates

An efficient gold-catalyzed method for the preparation of α,β-unsaturated ketones from propargylic acetates has been developed. Under mild reaction conditions, β-monosubstituted enones were formed mostly with excellent E-selectivity. β,β-Disubstituted enones can be prepared from propargylic acetates derived from ketones. The high efficiency and mild nature of this reaction render it a viable alternative for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones.
Economic Replacement of a Heterogeneous Herd

A model was developed and used to determine the optimal slaughter weights of pigs with heterogeneous growth raised in a 1,000 head barn and marketed in truckload groups. Explicitly recognizing the heterogeneity of pig weights and marketing the herd over time in truckload batches can substantially increase profit.
An International Comparison of Student Perceptions of Earnings Management: Evidence of Effects of National Origin between Mexico and the United States

LA MANIPULACION DE LAS UTILIDADES REPORTADAS ES UNA TENTACION QUE ENFRENTAN LOS CONTADORES Y PROFESIONISTAS FINANCIEROS EN TODO EL MUNDO. MANIPULAR O "ADMINISTRAR", LAS UTILIDADES EN LA CONTABILIDAD TOMA DIFERENTES FORMAS E INCLUYE NO SOLO EL EVITAR LOS PRINCIPIOS CONTABLES PRESCRITOS, SINO TAMBIEN LA PRACTICA DE ESCOGER SELECTIVAMENTE ESTIMACIONES CONTABLES O RETRASAR DECISIONES OPERATIVAS PARA INFORMAR DE LAS UTILIDADES CONFORME A UN OBJETIVO DESEADO. INVESTIGACION PREVIA REVELA UN AMPLIO DESACUERDO EN LA PERCEPCION Y ACEPTACION ETICA DE ESTA PRACTICA. ESTE ESTUDIO INVESTIGA SI EL ORIGEN NACIONAL INFLUYE EN LAS PERCEPCIONES ETICAS DE LA ADMINISTRACION DE LAS GANANCIAS. PARA ELLO, APLICAMOS UN CUESTIONARIO DE 13 PREGUNTAS A ESTUDIANTES DE CONTADURIA DE VARIAS ESCUELAS EN MEXICO Y LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS; MISMAS QUE DESCRIBEN DIVERSAS PRACTICAS EN LA ADMINISTRACION DE LAS UTILIDADES ( MERCHANT Y ROCKNESS, 1994). EL ANALISIS DE LAS RESPUESTAS DE LOS ENCUESTADOS INDICAN UNA VARIACION CONSIDERABLE ENTRE ESTUDIANTES DE AMBOS PAISES, LO CUAL CONFIRMA QUE LA CULTURA AFECTA SIGNIFICATIVAMENTE EN LA FORMA COMO LOS INDIVIDUOS PERCIBEN LAS OPORTUNIDADES PARA ADMINISTRAR LA INFORMACION FINANCIERA REPORTADA.
Energetic materials containing fluorine. Design, synthesis and testing of furazan-containing energetic materials bearing a pentafluorosulfanyl group

Abstract The advantageous impact of a pentafluorosulfanyl substituent on the properties of furazan-containing energetic materials was demonstrated by the synthesis and study of the energetic properties of ten new compounds. The thermal stability of these compounds was evaluated by DSC and TGA, whereas densities, heats of formation, pressures of detonation and speeds of detonation were obtained computationally. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that the combination of the SF 5 substituent with the furazan ring led to materials of higher density and predicted detonation properties than other known furazans or SF 5 -containing materials. In addition, the synthetic studies provided insight regarding the electron-withdrawing nature of the furazan ring, in particular its effect on the basicity and nucleophilic reactivity of amino furazans.
Histological staining with methyl-green-pyronin.

The standard technics for methyl green-pyronin staining are found to give inconstant results, often with poor differentiation between chromatin and cytoplasm. A modified procedure is described using n butyl alcohol for differentiation after aqueous methyl green staining and counter-staining with pyronin in acetone. After 6 minutes in 0.2% aqueous methyl green (chloroform extracted), the section is blotted, differentiated in n butanol, counter-stained 30–90 seconds in acetone saturated with pyronin (less concentrated solutions may be preferred for some purposes), cleared in cedar oil and xylene and mounted. This technic retains the value of methyl green as a histochemical detector for polymerized desoxyribo-nucleic acid (DNA). The intensity of the stain, however, is considerably greater than that obtained with the procedure designed for quantitative (stoichiometric) photometric estimation of polymerized DNA. Pyronin serves primarily as a counterstain, and is not found to be a reliable indicator of ribonucl...
Importance of Surface Conditions for Spacecraft Charging

Abstract : Spacecraft charging is determined by the ambient plasma environment and the surface properties. Whereas the ambient plasma environment is measured in-situ and in real time, the surface property data rely on measurements conducted previously in the laboratory and empirical formulae derived from the laboratory measurements. This note addresses the importance of surface conditions in determining the spacecraft surface potentials. For example, the surface smoothness, thickness, surface composition, and surface contamination are important factors that govern the current balance at equilibrium and the onset of spacecraft charging. These parameters of surface conditions can also greatly influence the accuracy of model calculations of the spacecraft potential. We will provide supporting data to illustrate the main points and to make the case. For spacecraft design, it is inadequate to look up published tables of the coefficients for a given type of surface material. It is necessary to measure the secondary electron coefficient, for example, of an actual piece of the material, because the thickness, smoothness, and surface composition, etc. do matter. In the harsh space environment, surface conditions can also change gradually as a result of the unceasing bombardment by the incoming electrons and ions. All these factors pose uncertainty to spacecraft charging.
The Mechanical Properties of FeAl

In the last few years, considerable progress been made in obtaining reproducible mechanical properties data for binary FeAl alloys. Two sets of observations are the foundation of this progress. The first is that the large equilibrium vacancy concentrations that exist in FeAl at high temperature are easily retained during cooling, and that these strongly affect the low-temperature mechanical properties. The second is that room-temperature ductility is adversely affected by water vapor. The purpose of this paper is to highlight our understanding of key phenomena and to show how an understanding of the factors which control the yield strength and fracture behavior has followed from the discovery of the above two effects.
Government Policy in a Stochastic Growth Model with Elastic Labor Supply

Endogenous labor supply is introduced into a stochastic growth model. Money is superneutral, and the real part of the equilibrium can be characterized by two nonlinear trade-off loci between the time devoted to leisure and the mean growth rate that ensure the following: (i) equality among the risk-adjusted rates of return and (ii) equilibrium in the output market. The balanced growth equilibrium is characterized analytically and policy implications derived. Extensive numerical simulations are also conducted. These assess the effects of risk on growth and the impact of fiscal policy on both the mean growth rate and its volatility. Implications for optimal monetary policy are also addressed.
Bidentate N,O-prolinate ruthenium benzylidene catalyst highly active in RCM of disubstituted dienes

The synthesis of a bidentate N,O-prolinate ruthenium benzylidene from commercially available starting materials and its activity in ring-closing metathesis of functionalized disubstituted dienes at 30 °C is disclosed.
Relativistic Jets from Accretion Disks

The jets observed to emanate from many compact accreting objects may arise from the twisting of a magnetic field threading a differentially rotating accretion disk which acts to magnetically extract angular momentum and energy from the disk. Two main regimes have been discussed, hydromagnetic jets, which have a significant mass flux and have energy and angular momentum carried by both matter and electromagnetic field and, Poynting jets, where the mass flux is small and energy and angular momentum are carried predominantly by the electromagnetic field. Here, we describe recent theoretical work on the formation of relativistic Poynting jets from magnetized accretion disks. Further, we describe new relativistic, fully electromagnetic, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the formation of jets from accretion disks. Analog Z-pinch experiments may help to understand the origin of astrophysical jets.
AFM and Raman studies of topological insulator materials subject to argon plasma etching

Plasma etching is an important tool in nano-device fabrication. We report a study on argon plasma etching of topological insulator materials Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te2Se using exfoliated flakes (with starting thicknesses of ∼100 nm) derived from bulk crystals. We present data mainly from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Through AFM measurements, plasma exposure is observed to decrease the thickness of our samples and increase surface roughness (with height fluctuations reaching as large as ∼20 nm). We extract an etching rate for each type of material. Plasma exposure also causes a widening (especially ) of the characteristic Raman peaks, with no significant change in peak position. The overall Raman intensity is observed to initially increase then decrease sharply after the samples are etched below ∼20 nm in thickness. Our findings are valuable for understanding the effects of argon plasma etching on topological insulator materials.
Simplified grasping and manipulation with dextrous robot hands

A method is presented for stably grasping two dimensional polygonal objects with a dextrous hand when object models are not available. Basic constraints on object vertex angles are found for feasible grasping with two fingers. Local tactile information can be used to determine the finger motion that will reach feasible grasping locations. With an appropriate choice of finger stiffnesses, a hand can automatically grasp these objects with two fingers. The bounded slip of a part in a hand is shown to be valuable for adapting the fingers and object to a stable situation. Examples are given to show the ability of this grasping method to accommodate disturbance forces and to perform simple part reorientations and regrasping operations.
The Cotonou Agreement and its Implications for the Regional Trade Agenda in Eastern and Southern Africa

Subregional trade arrangements (RTAs) in Eastern and Southern Africa have proliferated in the past 10 to 15 years. The small size of most of the countries in the region, some of which are landlocked, and the security needs in the post independence period largely explain the rapid expansion. These arrangements are characterized by multiple and overlapping memberships, complex structures, and eventually, conflicting and confusing commitments. The influence of RTAs has been limited to assisting the region in increasing trade, attracting foreign direct investment, enhancing growth, and achieving convergence among member countries. But despite their limitations, RTAs have the potential, if properly designed and effectively implemented, to be an important instrument in integrating member countries into global markets. In 1998 most of the Southern African countries, as members of the Africa Caribbean Pacific group (ACP), signed the Cotonou Agreement with the European Union, which includes the negotiation of economic partnership agreements (EPAs) between the EU and the ACP. The Cotonou Agreement explicitly leaves to the ACP countries to decide the level and procedures of the EPA trade negotiations, taking into account the regional integration process. This raises the question of how to decide on the groupings in the context of conflicting regional trade agendas. The author argues that the Cotonou Agreement and EPA negotiations could become the external driving force that will push the regional organizations to rationalize and harmonize their regional trade arrangements, thus strengthening the integration process and economies of the region, and assisting the Eastern and Southern Africa region in becoming a more active partner in the global economy.
News, Noise, and Estimates of the "True" Unobserved State of the Economy

Which provides a better estimate of the “true” state of the U.S. economy, gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI)? Past work has assumed the difference between each estimate and the “true” state of the economy is pure noise, taking greater variability to imply lower reliability. However each difference may be pure news instead; then greater variability implies higher information content and greater reliability. We analyze various vintages of estimates, developing models for combining GDP and GDI under the differing assumptions, and use revisions to the estimates to show the news assumption is probably more accurate.
Targeted polymeric therapeutic nanoparticles: design, development and clinical translation

Polymeric materials have been used in a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products for more than 40 years. These materials have evolved from their earlier use as biodegradable products such as resorbable sutures, orthopaedic implants, macroscale and microscale drug delivery systems such as microparticles and wafers used as controlled drug release depots, to multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) capable of targeting, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. These newer generations of targeted and controlled release polymeric NPs are now engineered to navigate the complex in vivo environment, and incorporate functionalities for achieving target specificity, control of drug concentration and exposure kinetics at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. Indeed this optimization of drug pharmacology as aided by careful design of multifunctional NPs can lead to improved drug safety and efficacy, and may be complimentary to drug enhancements that are traditionally achieved by medicinal chemistry. In this regard, polymeric NPs have the potential to result in a highly differentiated new class of therapeutics, distinct from the original active drugs used in their composition, and distinct from first generation NPs that largely facilitated drug formulation. A greater flexibility in the design of drug molecules themselves may also be facilitated following their incorporation into NPs, as drug properties (solubility, metabolism, plasma binding, biodistribution, target tissue accumulation) will no longer be constrained to the same extent by drug chemical composition, but also become in-part the function of the physicochemical properties of the NP. The combination of optimally designed drugs with optimally engineered polymeric NPs opens up the possibility of improved clinical outcomes that may not be achievable with the administration of drugs in their conventional form. In this critical review, we aim to provide insights into the design and development of targeted polymeric NPs and to highlight the challenges associated with the engineering of this novel class of therapeutics, including considerations of NP design optimization, development and biophysicochemical properties. Additionally, we highlight some recent examples from the literature, which demonstrate current trends and novel concepts in both the design and utility of targeted polymeric NPs (444 references).
The employment cycles of neighboring cities

This paper examines the spatial interaction of neighboring cities over their employment cycles. Neighboring cities, which are large and closely integrated cities within the same metro area, tend to have relatively similar employment cycles. However, this is largely because they tend to be in the same state, not because they are neighbors. Depending on differences in size, density, and human capital, neighborness usually means that cities have relatively dissimilar employment cycles. I attribute this result to the tendency for cities within the same metro area to specialize according to function and human capital.
An Approach to the Narciclasine Alkaloids via a Quinone Methide Initiated Cyclization Reaction

The stereoselective synthesis of a possible intermediate for the synthesis of the narciclasine alkaloids from D-glucose is described. The key step of the sequence is a quinone methide initiated cyclization reaction. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Critical graphs without triangles: An optimum density construction

We construct dense, triangle-free, chromatic-critical graphs of chromatic number k for all k ? 4. For k ? 6 our constructions have $$> \left( {\tfrac{1} {4} - \varepsilon } \right)n^2$$ edges, which is asymptotically best possible by Turan's theorem. We also demonstrate (nonconstructively) the existence of dense k-critical graphs avoiding all odd cycles of length ≤ l for any l and any k?4, again with a best possible density of $$> \left( {\tfrac{1} {4} - \varepsilon } \right)n^2$$ edges for k ? 6. The families of graphs without triangles or of given odd-girth are thus rare examples where we know the correct maximal density of k-critical members (k ? 6).
Optimal resource allocation and relay selection in bandwidth exchange based cooperative forwarding

In this paper, we investigate joint optimal relay selection and resource allocation under bandwidth exchange (BE) enabled incentivized cooperative forwarding in wireless networks. We consider an autonomous network where N nodes transmit data in the uplink to an access point (AP) / base station (BS). We consider the scenario where each node gets an initial amount (equal, optimal based on direct path or arbitrary) of bandwidth, and uses this bandwidth as a flexible incentive for two hop relaying. We focus on α-fair network utility maximization (NUM) and outage reduction in this environment. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we propose an incentivized forwarding based resource allocation algorithm which maximizes the global utility while preserving the initial utility of each cooperative node. Second, defining the link weight of each relay pair as the utility gain due to cooperation (over noncooperation), we show that the optimal relay selection in α-fair NUM reduces to the maximum weighted matching (MWM) problem in a non-bipartite graph. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms provide 20–25% gain in spectral efficiency and 90–98% reduction in outage probability.
Perceptions of Yoga Therapy Embedded in Two Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospitals: Agency Perspectives

Inpatient medical rehabilitation has maintained a typical medical-model focus and structure for many years. However, as integrative therapies, such as yoga therapy, emerge as treatments which can enhance the physical and mental health of its participants, it is important to determine if they can be easily implemented into the traditional rehabilitation structure and milieu. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of key agency personnel on the feasibility and utility of yoga therapy implemented in inpatient rehabilitation. This study reports the results of focus groups and an individual interview with key stakeholders (administrators and rehabilitation therapists) from two rehabilitation hospitals following the implementation of yoga therapy. Results focused on several key themes: feasibility from the therapist and administrator perspectives, challenges to implementation, and utility and benefit. Overall, the implementation and integration of yoga therapy were positive; however, some programmatic and policy and organizational considerations remain. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Large-area linear and nonlinear nanophotonics

Interferometric lithography provides a facile technique for the fabrication of large-areas of nanophotonic structures. Examples of both linear and nonlinear responses will be drawn from plasmonics, metamaterials, and photonic crystals.
Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11e wireless networks with TCP ACK prioritization

With the advent of multimedia over wireless local area networks, the IEEE 802.11e standard was proposed to incorporate Quality of Service (QoS). It has been found that the throughput of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is less than that of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) in the IEEE 802.11e. This is because the TCP acknowledgment packets are queued up at the access points. In this paper, two types of TCP acknowledgment prioritizing schemes are proposed. The proposed schemes improve the overall throughput of TCP while maintaining the QoS requirements. We also analyze the problem of starvation of lower priority traffic and its effects on the performance of lower priority TCP traffic. The proposed dynamic scheme of TCP acknowledgment prioritization aims at improving the throughput of the lower priority TCP traffic under heavy network load while maintaining the QoS requirements of the higher priority traffic. The schemes have been verified through extensive simulation.
π-Allyl palladium approach toward the diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core of the naphthyridinomycin alkaloids

A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of the 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane system found in the naphthyridinomycin, dnacin, and tetrazomine families of alkaloids is described. The key transformation involves an intramolecular palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. The cyclization proceeds smoothly under mild conditions (20 mol % Pd2dba3, 1.5 equiv DBU, 65 °C, THF, 20 min) to afford 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in excellent yields (94–98%).
Hives and the fibres of the convolution morphism

By the geometric Satake correspondence, the number of components of certain fibres of the affine Grassmannian convolution morphism equals the tensor product multiplicity for representations of the Langlands dual group. On the other hand, in the case of GLn, combinatorial objects called hives also count tensor product multiplicities. The purpose of this paper is to give a simple bijection between hives and the components of these fibres. In particular, we give a description of the individual components. We also describe a conjectural generalization involving the octahedron recurrence.
Handling Resource Oscillations Through Selective Misinformation

When resource consumers select among competing providers based on delayed information, inefficient oscillations in resource utilization can emerge. This paper describes an approach, based on selective stochastic resource request rejection, for dealing with this emergent dysfunction.
Universal fingerprinting: Capacity and random-coding exponents

Bounds on fingerprinting capacity have been derived in recent literature. In this paper we present an exact capacity formula and a universal fingerprinting scheme. Our problem setup unifies the signal-distortion and Boneh-Shaw formulations of fingerprinting. The proposed scheme has four useful properties: (1) the receiver does not need to know the coalition size and collusion channel; (2) a tunable parameter Delta trades off false-positive and false-negative error exponents; (3) the receiver provides a reliability metric for its decision; and (4) the decoder is capacity-achieving when the false-positive exponent Delta tends to zero. The new random coding scheme uses a "time-sharing" randomized sequence and produces conditionally constant-composition fingerprints. The decoder is a minimum penalized equivocation decoder, where the penalty term is proportional to coalition size.
A Modified Synthesis of Iodoazidoaryl Prazosin

The antihypertension agent iodoazidoaryl prazosin (IAAP) has been made using a convergent route involving addition of an acylated piperazine 7 to 2-chloroquinazoline 5. IAAP has been shown to function as a multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal agent and bind to P-glycoprotein, a transmembrane transport protein. A study is also reported involving palladium-catalyzed substitution with amine heterocycles. With N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropyl)dihydroimidazolium chloride (10) as the ligand (2 mol %) for palladium(II) acetate (2 mol %) in THF at room temperature, morpholine added to 5 in 81% yield.
Access to High School Arts Education: Why Student Participation Matters as Much as Course Availability

There is renewed interest in the role of arts education in the curriculum of U.S. public schools not only because of the intrinsic value of the arts and its believed impact on achievement, but because cultivating creativity is thought to promote innovation and fuel economic growth. Still, we know little about basic access to arts education. Using individual- level administrative data from The University of Texas at Dallas Education Research Center (UTD-ERC), we develop several distinct indices of access to identify high schools rich in the arts. We find that high schools offering an extensive number of courses in the arts do not
JOHN NASH AND THE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR

Abstract This essay describes one economist’s view of how four extraordinary papers by John Nash, two on non-cooperative game theory [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 36 (1950b) 48–49; Annals of Mathematics 54 (1951) 286–295] and two on the theory of bargaining [Econometrica 18 (1950a) 155–162; Econometrica 21 (1953) 128–140], influenced the development of game theory as a tool for analyzing strategic behavior.
De novo focal glomerulosclerosis after kidney transplantation

A transplanted kidney in a patient developed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, associated with severe systemic hypertension, proteinuria, progressive azotemia, and allograft hypertrophy. A pediatric kidney with two main arteries was used, and occlusion of the artery supplying the upper pole resulted in infarction of this portion of the allograft. Because other known factors predisposing to focal sclerosis were absent, it is postulated that renal hemodynamic changes associated with reduction in functioning renal mass, attended by striking stimuli for renal hypertrophy, resulted in progressive damage. The implications of these concepts are discussed in relation to the progression of renal diseases.
Ergodic Properties of a Class of Discrete Abelian Group Extensions of Rank-One Transformations

We define a class of discrete abelian group extensions of rank-one transformations and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for these extensions to be power weakly mixing. We show that all members of this class are multiply recurrent. We then study conditions sufficient for showing that cartesian products of transformations are conservative for a class of invertible infinite measure-preserving transformations and provide examples of these transformations.
Abort interlock diagnostic for protection of APS vacuum chamber

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) vacuum system has been designed to be passively safe from bending magnet radiation heating at positron beam currents up to 30 mA. Above this value, certain components may be damaged from vertical beam missteering, although work is proceeding to raise the safe current threshold. Because of this, a system for preventing the misalignment of high power density beams is required. This report details a system for protection from dipole radiation only. Work on a system for ID radiation is continuing. >
Viscous computation of a space shuttle flow field

A procedure is presented, as well as some results, to calculate the flow over the winged orbiter. This necessitates the use of two computer codes. A parabolized marching Navier-Stokes code is used to obtain the solution up to the bow shock-wing shock interaction region and for the region after the interaction. An unsteady Navier-Stokes code is to be used in the region of the shock interaction. Only resuls for the marching code are presented. For the flow conditions calculated, M infinity = 7.9, alpha = 25 deg, T(wall) = 540 R, Re(L) = 60728 per inch, laminar or turbulent, the PNS code was marched up to an X/L = 0.7 which is where the bow shock-wing shock interaction region occurs.
Synthesis of novel BINOL-derived chiral bisphosphorus ligands and their application in catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation

Some novel ortho-substituted BINOL-derived bisphosphorus ligands (o-BINAPO and o-NAPHOS) were synthesis from readily available (S)-BINOL; these ligands showed excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) in Rh(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized olefins.
Synthesis of Dialkyl Ethers from Organotrifluoroborates and Acetals

The formation of ethers by C−O bond formation under harsh basic or acidic conditions is an entrenched synthetic disconnection in organic chemistry. We report a strategic alternative that involves the BF3·OEt2-promoted coupling of stable, easily prepared acetals with widely available potassium aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkynyltrifluoroborates. This fast, operationally simple process offers straightforward access to dialkyl ethers, many of which would be difficult to prepare using classical methods. The use of MOM-protected alcohols and acetal-protected aldehydes enables ether formation without recourse to protecting-group manipulations or strong bases.
Vulnerable trade: The dark side of an Edgeworth box

Abstract We examine incentives to seize and defend goods offered for trade in an Edgeworth box economy. Appropriation possibilities generate equilibrium of coerced redistribution and voluntary trade in a reduced box. Potential mutual gains remain untaken because the prospect of piracy creates a price wedge, wherein the effective relative price is lowered for the exporter and raised for the importer. As the vulnerability of one or both goods increases, the price wedge widens, causing trade to diminish. If vulnerability becomes sufficiently high, then equilibrium with trade ceases to exist in the Edgeworth box economy.
Speaker recognition from an unknown utterance and speaker-speech interaction

We are interested in determining whether the given utterance comes from a member of a given speaker group or an imposter. If it is the former, we are interested in determining the identity of the speaker. The only knowledge available is a set of known utterances from the given group of speakers. The given utterance is manually divided into phonemes without necessarily ascertaining the identity of phonemes. Using statistical decision theory, we will develop various types of tests for speaker verification and identification using only one phoneme segment or the entire utterance. We will consider related problems such as the methods of clustering speakers to aid speaker verification, the optimal choice of phonemes for speaker recognition. Next we consider the role of speaker variability in speech recognition and recognize its complementarity to the problem of optimal choice of phonemes for speaker recognition. We illustrate the efficacy of the various methods developed here by considering the speaker and speech identification problems with three speech data bases.
Do rods influence the hue of foveal stimuli

To understand the generality and mechanisms of previously reported rod hue biases, we examined whether they are present for small foveal stimuli by comparing the wavelengths of the three spectral unique hues under dark-adapted and flash-bleached conditions. Rod green bias (shift of unique yellow) and rod blue bias (shift of unique green) were found for some observers with 1°-diameter foveal stimuli, the size most likely to stimulate rods. Smaller stimuli (0.2° and 0.6° diameter), which were least likely to stimulate rods, produced no large or consistent differences between dark-adapted and bleached conditions. This suggests that rod hue biases result from the local stimulation of rods by light, not from remote suppression by dark-adapted, unstimulated rods, and not from bleaching light artifacts.
Endothelial cell phenotypic behaviors cluster into dynamic state transition programs modulated by angiogenic and angiostatic cytokines.

Angiogenesis requires coordinated dynamic regulation of multiple phenotypic behaviors of endothelial cells in response to environmental cues. Multi-scale computational models of angiogenesis can be useful for analyzing effects of cell behaviors on the tissue level outcome, but these models require more intensive experimental studies dedicated to determining the required quantitative “rules” for cell-level phenotypic responses across a landscape of pro- and anti-angiogenic stimuli in order to ascertain how changes in these single cell responses lead to emerging multi-cellular behavior such as sprout formation. Here we employ single-cell microscopy to ascertain phenotypic behaviors of more than 800 human microvascular endothelial cells under various combinational angiogenic (VEGF) and angiostatic (PF4) cytokine treatments, analyzing their dynamic behavioral transitions among sessile, migratory, proliferative, and apoptotic states. We find that an endothelial cell population clusters into an identifiable set of a few distinct phenotypic state transition patterns (clusters) that is consistent across all cytokine conditions. Varying the cytokine conditions, such as VEGF and PF4 combinations here, modulates the proportion of the population following a particular pattern (referred to as phenotypic cluster weights) without altering the transition dynamics within the patterns. We then map the phenotypic cluster weights to quantified population level sprout densities using a multi-variate regression approach, and identify linear combinations of the phenotypic cluster weights that associate with greater or lesser sprout density across the various treatment conditions. VEGF-dominant cytokine combinations yielding high sprout densities are characterized by high proliferative and low apoptotic cluster weights, whereas PF4-dominant conditions yielding low sprout densities are characterized by low proliferative and high apoptotic cluster weights. Migratory cluster weights show only mild association with sprout density outcomes under the VEGF/PF4 conditions and the sprout formation characteristics explored here.
Human Pose Estimation Using Consistent Max Covering

A novel consistent max-covering method is proposed for human pose estimation. We focus on problems in which a rough foreground estimation is available. Pose estimation is formulated as a jigsaw puzzle problem in which the body part tiles maximally cover the foreground region, match local image features, and satisfy body plan and color constraints. This method explicitly imposes a global shape constraint on the body part assembly. It anchors multiple body parts simultaneously and introduces hyperedges in the part relation graph, which is essential for detecting complex poses. Using multiple cues in pose estimation, our method is resistant to cluttered foregrounds. We propose an efficient linear method to solve the consistent max-covering problem. A two-stage relaxation finds the solution in polynomial time. Our experiments on a variety of images and videos show that the proposed method is more robust than previous locally constrained methods.
Burst acoustic emission during the Bauschinger effect in f.c.c. and h.c.p. metals and alloys

Abstract Unload burst type acoustic emission during the tension cycle of the stress-strain hysteresis loop during cyclic deformation was studied and related to grain size, Bauschinger strain and stacking fault energy. The Bauschinger effect in polycrystalline 99.99% Al, 6061 and 2024A1 alloys, Cu-7.9% Al alloy, 70-30 brass and 99.95% Mg was studied for the first time at ultrasonic frequencies using acoustic emission. The relationships observed lead to a natural identification of acoustic emission the ultrasonic frequency range during cyclic deformation with the very low frequency strain burst phenomenon of Neumann. We utilize Neumann's edge dipole dissociation-trapping avalanch (EDDTA) theory for the cyclic deformation strain burst phenomenon to explain the burst acoustic emission during the Bauschinger effect reported here. A possible extension of this correspondence to non-cyclic deformation acoustic emission and its possible relation to the monatonic, non-cycle torsion millimicroplastic strain burst phenomenon of Tinder and Trzil is briefly considered.