cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions of seminal plasma and glycosaminoglycans on acrosome reactions in bovine spermatozoa in vitro

Previous reports indicate that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) would enhance the occurrence of acrosome reactions in sperm in vitro, but continuous exposure of those sperm to seminal plasma prevented a significant incidence of acrosome reactions. This study was designed to evaluate the interaction of GAGs and seminal plasma to promote acrosome reactions in bull sperm in vitro. Epididymal sperm required 22 hr to exhibit acrosome reactions in response to GAGs whereas only 9 hr were needed to achieve the same effect with washed ejaculated sperm. Exposure of epididymal sperm to seminal plasma for 20 min shortened the time for induction of the acrosome reaction to 9 hr. Scatchard analyses of displacement data suggested an alteration in the binding affinity of 3H-heparin to epididymal sperm membrane following the short-term exposure to seminal plasma. High doses (250 and 500 μg/ml) of heparin, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin-4-sulfate were without effect, but doses <100 μg/ml were stimulatory in terms of enhancing acrosome reactions. Compositional studies with seminal plasma revealed a total GAG content of 1.6 mg/ml, proportioned as 61.6% chondroitin sulfates, 17.6% heparin-like material, 0.3% hyaluronic acid, and 20.5% undetermined GAG. It is proposed that seminal plasma can alter the ability of sperm to respond to GAGs, and the high concentrations of GAGs endogenous to seminal plasma may prevent premature initiation of the membrane perturbations necessary for the acrosome reaction.
Cold adaptation and the human face

A framework is suggested within which the evolutionary biology of the human head and face can be explored; it includes several channels of natural and behavioral selection as well as modes of “plasticity” change. One aspect of the model is then examined by means of physiological and anthropometric experimentation. A cold room study of 33 Japanese and 25 whites, all born and raised in the tropics, was conducted at Hawaii's Pacific Biomedical Research Center. Thermal response during 70 minutes of exposure (face and hand) to moving 0°C air was electrically recorded. Assuming skin and body temperature is partially dependent upon morphology, detailed anthropometric measurements were taken and employed in thermal-morphological correlation analysis. Though results are not yet thoroughly analyzed, it appears that head surface temperatures relate to sub-cutaneous fat thickness, but not clearly to other form factors; the oriental face, supposedly a product of selection by cold, seems to respond little differently than any other.
Rashi Game: Towards an Effective Educational 3D Gaming Experience

We present an educational 3D game called Rashi Game, which instructs students via exploration using the inquiry teaching method. We first describe the Rashi Intelligent Tutoring System in its original form, and then describe the details and features of Rashi Game, the 3D game that we have developed. In particular, we argue that inquiry-learning environments are particularly viable for educational 3D games. This is because of the similarities between some common game mechanics and the inquiry-learning paradigm. These include freedom to explore open-ended environments, interaction with environments, and realistic scenarios. We briefly summarizing results that have been obtained via pilot studies of the efficacy of Rashi Game, and remark on what directions future work in educational 3D games might take.
Identification of extractable proteins from the bovine ocular zonule: major zonular antigens of 32kD and 250kD.

Using Western immunoblotting, the extractable proteins of the bovine zonular fibers were examined for reactivity with two zonular anti-sera known to have strong affinity for zonular fibers in tissues, in order to identify the antigenic components. The extracts were also tested with antisera to several matrix proteins that have been reported to be associated with zonular fibers. Proteins reactive with antisera to bovine serum albumin, serum Immunoglobulins and fibronectin were present. No bands reactive with antisera to a-elastin, prealbumin, amyloid P component, collagen VI, lysyl oxidase or monoclonal antibody to fibrillin were demonstrated. The major nonserum protein band identified by both antisera was a 32kD polypeptide. An equally strong 250kD polypeptide was shown by the antiserum to guanidine-dithiothreitol extracted zonular fibers. Both of these proteins were PAS-positive and were demonstrated also by the antisera in extracts of bovine elastic neck ligament. Whether the two glycoproteins are relat...
Correlates of sleep-onset REM periods during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test in community adults

The diagnosis of narcolepsy without documented cataplexy is based on the observation of two or more sleep-onset REM periods (SOREMPs) during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). We report on the prevalence and correlates of SOREMPs in the community-based Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. MSLTs were conducted following nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and daily sleep diaries in 289 males and 267 females (age 35-70, 97% Caucasians). Multiple SOREMPs were observed in 13.1% of males and 5.6% of females. An MSLT mean sleep latency or =2 SOREMPs (diagnostic of narcolepsy) was observed in 5.9% (males) and 1.1% (females), all without cataplexy. Because of significant sex interactions, analyses were stratified by sex. Increased prevalence of HLA-DQB1*0602, a marker of narcolepsy, was observed in males but not in females with > or =2 SOREMPs. Males with multiple SOREMPs compared with those with no SOREMPs had shorter rapid eye movement (REM) latency during NPSG, were sleepier on the MSLT and reported increased sleepiness, hypnagogic hallucinations and cataplexy-like symptoms, suggesting a narcolepsy-like phenotype. In males only, the occurrence of SOREMPs increased with shift work and some indirect markers of sleep restriction, such as shorter sleep a day before NPSG. SOREMPs were unrelated to age, body mass index, depression (Zung Scale), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Scale) and the number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour of sleep (AHI), but were associated with decreased mean lowest oxygen saturation in males. Finally, we found that both males and females with SOREMPs reported taking more antidepressants, but those were of the types known not to suppress REM sleep. These results suggest a high prevalence of narcolepsy without cataplexy, as defined by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, and/or a large number of false-positives for the MSLT.
Tracking Systems in Financial Services: The Integration Role in Marketing Planning

The problem of multi‐branch and multi‐functional financial service organisations in obtaining timely and actionable information in a manner that can enhance co‐ordination among operational units and personnel is addressed. Tracking systems are proposed as a vehicle for improving organisational integration through both the process of managing the system and using the information. A tracking system can aid decision and functional levels to learn from each other and co‐ordinate service activities. An approach for developing and maintaining an effective tracking system is summarised, and its contribution to organisational integration discussed.
Role of environmental factors in autoantibody production - importance of a detailed analysis in a small cohort

In the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Muro and colleagues reported a detailed epidemiologic analysis in central Japan on one of the new myositis-specific autoantibodies to MDA-5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5), which is associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis accompanying interstitial lung disease. The increasing prevalence of anti-MDA-5, higher prevalence in small rural towns, and geographical clustering in two areas along the Kiso River suggest a role of environmental factors associated with rural communities or the river/water system or both. A detailed analysis of a small cohort may offer clues, which is ignored in multi-center studies, to the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic diseases and autoantibody production.
Treatment of Overactive Bladder Refractory to Medications

Conservative therapy for overactive bladder (OAB) has been shown to be a viable stand alone or adjunctive option to antimuscarinic agents (AMAs). Typically nonsurgical options such as behavioral therapy, pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT), and biofeedback have been recommended prior to more invasive options such as electrical stimulation, intravesical Botox, or augmentation enterocystoplasty, ileovesicostomy, and urinary diversion. We believe this standard step-wise algorithmic approach to treatment is reasonable, but in some instances may subject patients to unnecessary expense and delay in treatment. Rather, we prefer to individualize our approach to maximize the likelihood of success in each patient while appropriately weighing relative risks with potential benefits. So, for example, a patient with severe neurogenic OAB refractory to AMA may opt for augmentation cystoplasty rather than intradetrusor injection of Botox or neuromodulation.
Pharmacogenetics of irinotecan: clinical perspectives on the utility of genotyping.

Depending upon the UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genotype, patients are more or less susceptible to the risk of severe toxicity of irinotecan. As the US FDA-approved label of irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar®) has been recently revised to include UGT1A1 genotype among potential risk factors for toxicity, it is expected that UGT1A1 genotyping will be increasingly used in patients undergoing irinotecan treatment. At present, the label states that *28/*28 (7/7) genotype patients are at higher risk of neutropenia and should be treated at a lower dose of irinotecan. Although effective alternative drugs (i.e., oxaliplatin) exist for metastatic colorectal cancer (the main indication of irinotecan), recent studies have confirmed that irinotecan has an important place in the management of this disease. We feel that now is the time for addressing questions around the UGT1A1*28 testing that many oncologists might have had but remained unanswered. For example, does the test have adequate sensitivity/specifici...
Principle of a Submerged Freeze Gripper for Microassembly

The development of reliable and repeatable strategies to manipulate and assemble microobjects lies in the efficiency, reliability, and precision of the handling processes. In this paper, we propose a thermal-based microgripper working in an aqueous medium. Manipulating and assembling in liquid surroundings can indeed be more efficient than in dry conditions. A comparative analysis of the impact of dry and liquid media on surface forces, contact forces, and hydrodynamic forces is shown. In addition, ice grippers represent flexible manipulation solutions. Nevertheless, when micromanipulation tasks are performed in air, capillary forces can drastically perturb the release. Our submerged freeze microgripper exploits the liquid surroundings to generate an ice droplet to catch microobjects, and to avoid capillary forces during the release. The thermal principle, the first microgripper prototype, an ice generation simulation, and the first tests are presented. The main objective is to validate the manipulation principle. Further research will be focused on control and optimization of the ice generation and the miniaturization of the system.
Bringing theories of word learning in line with the evidence

Two issues are at stake in this interchange. One concerns the relation between percep-tual, conceptual and linguistic knowledge in early word learning. The other concerns thejudicious treatment of evidence.Brieﬂy stated, we designed our experiments (Booth & Waxman, 2002) with one cleargoal: to document the pervasive role of conceptual information in naming. Three-year-oldchildren in all conditions witnessed the same novel target objects, labeled with the samenovel word (a count noun, e.g. dax). To vary the conceptual status of these named objects,we created brief vignettes that described them either as animate objects (e.g. “…has amommy and daddy who love it very much”) or as artifacts (e.g. “…was made by anastronaut to do a special job on her spaceship”). We examined children’s extension ofthese newly learned words. When the objects were described as artifacts, childrenextended on the basis of shape alone. But when the very same objects were describedas animate objects, children extended on the basis of both shape and texture. Moreover,when we placed eyes (a strong perceptual cue to animacy) on the objects, but describedthem with the artifact vignette, children’s performance was consistent with the artifact,rather than the animate, pattern of word extension. This documents that the conceptualstatus of an individual permeates early word learning, and does so even in the face ofconﬂicting perceptual cues.It is not surprising that our paper sparked a response from Smith, Jones, Yoshida, andColunga (2003). This work, like that of others (e.g. Bloom, 2000; Gelman & Markman,1987; Gelman & Medin, 1993; Keil, 1994; Kemler Nelson, Russell, Duke, & Jones, 2000;Soja, Carey, & Spelke, 1991; Welder & Graham, 2001), challenges the contention thatword learning can be accounted for by a “…dumb attentional mechanism” (Smith, Jones,
Immobilizing nitrogen to control plant invasion

Increased soil N availability may often facilitate plant invasions. Therefore, lowering N availability might reduce these invasions and favor desired species. Here, we review the potential efficacy of several commonly proposed management approaches for lowering N availability to control invasion, including soil C addition, burning, grazing, topsoil removal, and biomass removal, as well as a less frequently proposed management approach for lowering N availability, establishment of plant species adapted to low N availability. We conclude that many of these approaches may be promising for lowering N availability by stimulating N immobilization, even though most are generally ineffective for removing N from ecosystems (excepting topsoil removal). C addition and topsoil removal are the most reliable approaches for lowering N availability, and often favor desired species over invasive species, but are too expensive or destructive, respectively, for most management applications. Less intensive approaches, such as establishing low-N plant species, burning, grazing and biomass removal, are less expensive than C addition and may lower N availability if they favor plant species that are adapted to low N availability, produce high C:N tissue, and thus stimulate N immobilization. Regardless of the method used, lowering N availability sufficiently to reduce invasion will be difficult, particularly in sites with high atmospheric N deposition or agricultural runoff. Therefore, where feasible, the disturbances that result in high N availability should be limited in order to reduce invasions by nitrophilic weeds.
Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Treatment of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has typically been focused on the management of associated conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. NASH associated with obesity may resolve with weight reduction, although the benefits of weight loss have been inconsistent. Appropriate control of glucose and lipid levels is always recommended, but is not always effective in reversing the liver condition. Results of pilot studies evaluating ursodeoxycholic acid, gemfibrozil, betaine, N-acetylcysteine, α-tocopherol, metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives suggest that these medications may be of potential benefit for patients with NASH. These medications, however, need first to be tested in well-controlled trials with clinically relevant end-points and extended follow-up. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of NASH will help to identify the subset of patients at risk of progressing to advanced liver disease and, hence, those patients who should derive the most benefit from medical therapy.
Dynamic changes in anger, externalizing and internalizing problems: attention and regulation

Background: Low levels of dispositional anger and a good attention span are critical to healthy social emotional development, with attention control reflecting effective cognitive self‐regulation of negative emotions such as anger. Using a longitudinal design, we examined attention span as a moderator of reciprocal links between changes in anger and changes in externalizing and internalizing problems from 4.5 to 11 years of age. Method: Participants were children from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), assessed four times between 4.5 and 11 years. Composite scores for anger and attention were computed using indicators from multiple informants. Externalizing and internalizing problems were reported by mothers. Results: Latent difference score analysis showed reciprocal lagged effects between increased anger and elevated levels of externalizing or internalizing problems. Significant moderating effects of attention indicated more persistent effects of anger on externalizing problems in the poor attention group. Although the poor and the good attention groups did not differ regarding the effects of anger on internalizing problems, significant moderating effects of attention indicated stronger and more persistent reciprocal effects of internalizing problems on anger in the poor attention group. Conclusions: Attention control mechanisms are involved in self‐regulation of anger and its connections with changes in behavioral and emotional problems. Strong attention regulation may serve to protect children with higher levels of dispositional anger from developing behavioral and emotional problems in middle childhood.
The Role of Momentum Fluxes in Shaping the Life Cycle of a Baroclinic Wave

The wide disparities in baroclinic wave development between spherical and Cartesian geometry are investigated with the purpose of assessing the role of the eddy momentum fluxes. Differences are already significant at the linear stage, as momentum fluxes are predominantly poleward in spherical geometry and predominantly equatorward in Cartesian geometry. More important, the low-level flux convergence is displaced poleward on the sphere and equatorward on the plane. On the sphere, these circumstances lead to rapid poleward movement of the low-level zonal-mean jet. The anticyclonic horizontal shear region expands as the jet feeds back on the momentum flux. The wave breaks anticyclonically and quickly zonalizes. In the Cartesian life cycle, the equatorward displacement of the flux convergence is counteracted by the mean meridional circulation and there is consequently a weaker feedback with the horizontal shear. The wave breaks, in this case cyclonically, but then takes much longer to zonalize. On the sphere, the angular velocity gradient in uniform westerly or easterly flow adds a separate mechanism for converting eddy kinetic energy to zonal mean, further hastening the zonalization process. It is possible to change the sign of the eddy momentum flux and the sense of the breaking in either geometry by slightly changing the basic flow. For example, cyclonic roll-up on the sphere can be obtained by adding weak cyclonic barotropic shear, as highlighted in a recently published study. Similarly, the addition of anticyclonic barotropic shear in a Cartesian simulation leads to anticyclonic wave breaking. An easterly jet on the sphere allows cyclonic breaking, but the wave still zonalizes rapidly, as in the case of a westerly jet. The persistence of the nonlinear eddies in these diverse experiments is not well correlated with the minimum value of the refractive index for Rossby waves, as suggested in the referenced study. It is proposed that the longevity of residual vortices after wave breaking is determined not by the sign of the vorticity or the breadth of the waveguide, but by the sign of the momentum flux and the geometry of the model.
Incomplete Restoration of Homeostatic Shear Stress Within Arteriovenous Fistulae

Arteriovenous fistulae are created surgically to provide an adequate access for dialysis in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Producing an autogenous shunt linking an artery and a vein in the peripheral circulation bypasses the high resistance capillary bed in order to provide the necessary flow rates at sites easily accessible for dialysis. In successful fistulae, venous flow rates can easily exceed 1000 mL/min. It has long been recognized that the hemodynamics constitute the primary external influence on the remodeling process [1]; The high flow rate, together with the exposure of the venous tissue to the high arterial pressure, leads to a rapid process of wall remodeling that may end in a mature access or in failure. Recent hemodynamic simulations [2,3] have computed very high viscous wall shear stresses within fistulae; Stresses > 15Pa have been reported which are much greater than what is typically considered normal (i.e. homeostatic, ≈ 1Pa). Both sustained high shear and sustained low shear have been hypothesized to cause pathological venous remodeling (i.e. intimal hyperplasia) which causes stenoses and threatens fistula patency. The role of high vs. low shear stress in effecting patency remains unclear. Given the high failure rate of dialysis access sites (up to 50% require surgical revision within one year [4]), understanding the dynamics of blood flow within the fistula is a necessary step in understanding the remodeling, and ultimately, in improving clinical outcomes.© 2012 ASME
The Clot Thickens in Atherosclerosis

The clotting cascade plays an essential role in hemostasis but also contributes to many pathological processes, such as thrombosis.1 The cascade can be divided into 2 major phases: initiation and amplification (Figure). The initiation phase is triggered by the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex (known as the extrinsic pathway) and generates small amounts of thrombin that activates cofactors (FVIIIa and FVa) and proteases (FXIa). The tissue factor/factor VIIa complex is rapidly inactivated by tissue factor pathway inhibitor. The amplification phase is driven by components of the intrinsic pathway (FXIIa, FXIa, FIXa, and FVIIIa) and generates large amounts of thrombin. Importantly, individuals with deficiencies in either FVIII (hemophilia A) or FIX (hemophilia B) are prone to spontaneous hemorrhages. In contrast, individuals lacking FXI rarely exhibit any spontaneous hemorrhages.2 These observations suggest that FVIII and FIX form a primary amplification loop in thrombin generation, whereas FXI could be considered as a secondary amplification loop (Figure). Figure. Role of the clotting cascade in atherosclerosis. The clotting cascade can be divided into initiation and amplification phases that are analogous to a stick of dynamite (TNT) with a fuse …
Endowed Chair Series

John Bent was president of the board of trustees of the old St. Luke’s Hospital in the 1950s, having first been elected trustee in 1948. He negotiated the merger of St. Luke’s with Presbyterian, becoming the new institution’s first president (1956–1960). He served as vice chair then chair of the board, and became a life trustee in 1976. He is quoted as saying, “It is a question of teamwork—of combining strength with strength” about the merger of the two hospitals. Bent was known as “Pleasure” to his closest friends and was the moving force behind founding the Anchor Cross Society at Rush University. A World War II veteran who received a Purple Heart and Bronze Star as a Navy air intelligence officer, Bent returned from the war and formed a venture capital investment partnership called Bent, McBride and Thorne. He was active there until 1963, when he became chairman of the Hartford Plaza Bank. He was a Pennsylvania native and graduate of Yale University but raised his family in Lake Forest after marrying a Lake Forest native, Mary, a member of the Shedd family. He served as a Lake Forest alderman in the 1950s and played on the 1932 U.S. Olympic ice hockey team (which lost to Canada in the finals) but was modest about having achieved this silver medal. Bent was a friend of Dr. Hassan Najafi, chairman emeritus of the cardiovascular–thoracic surgery (CVTS) department at Rush. As part of the campaign for Rush, Bent “finished off” an endowed chair in CVTS in 1992. He did not want his name on the chair and offered Najafi’s name instead. Najafi asked Bent’s wife, Mary, to persuade him and, thus, the chair came to be titled the Mary and John Bent Chair of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. There were other donors to the chair as well, which helped fulfill the goal of raising $2 million. The chair now serves to support Robert Higgins, MD, MSHA, FACS, and the mission of the department of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery at Rush.
Facial Width-To-Height Ratio (fWHR) Is Not Associated with Adolescent Testosterone Levels.

Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) has been proposed as a sexually dimorphic signal in humans that develops under the influence of pubertal testosterone (T); however, no studies have examined the association between fWHR and T during the phase in which facial growth is canalized—adolescence. In a sample of adolescent Tsimane males, we evaluate the relationship between T, known T-derived traits (i.e. strength and voice pitch), and craniofacial measurements. If fWHR variation derives from T’s effect on craniofacial growth during adolescence, several predictions should be supported: 1) fWHR should increase with age as T increases, 2) fWHR should reflect adolescent T (rather than adult T per se), 3) fWHR should exhibit velocity changes during adolescence in parallel with the pubertal spurt in T, 4) fWHR should correlate with T after controlling for age and other potential confounds, and 5) fWHR should show strong associations with other T-derived traits. Only prediction 4 was observed. Additionally, we examined three alternative facial masculinity ratios: facial width/lower face height, cheekbone prominence, and facial width/full face height. In contrast to fWHR, all three alternative measures show a strong age-related trend and are associated with both T and T-dependent traits. Overall, our results question the status of fWHR as a sexually-selected signal of pubertal T and T-linked traits.
Natural Landscape Resources and Scientific Dissemination Value of Guiding Ganxi National Forest Park

Guiding Ganxi Forest Park is a suburban forest park with good ecological environment,large tourist market potential and attached great importance from the government. The paper elaborates the natural landscape resource of the Forest Park,e. g. forest vegetation landscape,geography landscape,astronomical landscape,hydrological landscape,and discusses the potential value of science education in the Forest Park. It concluded that Guiding Ganxi Forest Park is a good education base of science popularization with higher science value and rich types.
Experimental study of the effect of reservoir rock wettability on oil recovery factor of low permeability oil reservoir

In order to study the effect of reservoir rock wettability on oil recovery factor of low permeability oil reservoir,the artifficial and natural cores are treated with different chemical liquids and become the experimental cores of different wettability for oil displacement experiments.The experimental results show that:the weak water-wet artificial cores and natural cores have the highest water-flooding recovery factor when their contact angle is 67.17° and 69.77°～72.60° respectively;when the contact angle artificial cores and natural cores are 100.78° and 81.68°～85.48° respectively,their surfactant-polymer oil displacement efficiency(0.1% mass concentration BS13 surfactant+400 mg/L polymer) is the highest.The effect of wettability on the water flooding recovery factor of low-permeability cores is greater than that on the surfactant-polymer flooding recovery factor of low permeability cores;the corresponding contact angle to the maximal water flooding recovery factor of the cores of different permeability is different,and the effect of wettability on the water flooding recovery factor of the medium-high permeability cores is greater than that of the low permeability cores.
Osmotic failure: physiology and strategies for treatment.

The role of sodium imbalance in producing abnormalities in plasma osmolality is pivotal in terms of clinical realities. Indeed, the only condition commonly characterized by hypo-osmolality is hyponatremia. Although the causes of hyperosmolality are more diverse, hypernatremia remains by far the most significant and most common etiology.
In situ localization and osmotic regulation of the Na(+)-myo-inositol cotransporter in rat brain

Organic osmolytes accumulate in the mammalian brain when plasma osmolality is elevated chronically. An understanding of organic osmolyte regulation is important for elucidating the pathophysiology of numerous disease states, particularly those in which plasma osmolality is altered or manipulated. To this end, we have previously characterized the mechanisms of osmoregulatory myo-inositol accumulation and loss in rat brain glial cells. The validity of cell culture models of physiological functions, however, requires demonstration of similar behavior in vivo. We therefore examined the effect of serum hypertonicity and its correction on expression of the Na(+)-myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) in rat brain. Northern analysis revealed that chronic serum hypertonicity increased brain SMIT mRNA levels four- to sevenfold. Rapid reduction of serum osmolality caused a rapid fall in SMIT mRNA levels. In situ hybridization revealed a widespread distribution of cells expressing SMIT with striking regional variability in the number of and intensity of cells labeled. These results confirm and extend our studies of cultured glial cells and indicate that myo-inositol accumulation in vivo is due to increased expression of SMIT. Regional variability in the distribution of SMIT may be a factor in the differential vulnerability of certain brain regions to shifts in plasma osmolality.
Finite Element Methods for Microwave Engineering

This Chapter reviews recent advancements in finite element methods, particularly the H(curl)-conforming vector finite element methods(FEMs), for solving three-dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations. Advances in six major technical areas have made commercial field simulation softwares, based upon vector FEMs, widely accepted in microwave engineering community for analyzing and designing RF/microwave devices. They are automatic mesh generation, H(curl)-conforming vector finite elements, fast and efficient matrix solution techniques, accurate mesh truncation methods, a posteriori error estimate and adaptive mesh refinement, and fast frequency sweep algorithms. Research and development activities in these areas are also briefly reviewed.
Crack Addiction in the Home, School, and Workplace

Early in the development of crack addiction, the signs may not be obvious for even the most observant parent, teacher, or employer. It is only through being alert to the early clues that one is able to detect the problem. This chapter discusses the early signs of crack abuse and other phenomena that may assist the detection of the problem in the home, the school, and the workplace.
Gamma Decay of T = 3 2 States in Al 25 and P 29

The yield curve of the residual ${\mathrm{Al}}^{25}$ activity from the ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma})$ reaction was used to locate the lowest two $T=\frac{3}{2}$ states in ${\mathrm{Al}}^{25}$ at ${E}_{p}=5.864\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ MeV, ${E}_{x}=7.916\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006$ MeV and at ${E}_{p}=5.936\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ MeV, ${E}_{x}=7.985\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006$ MeV. Each of the resonances was narrower than the estimated 3-keV spread in the proton beam. $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra were measured with a Ge(Li) detector at both resonances. The lower resonance shows strong, approximately equal transitions to the ground state and to the third excited state in ${\mathrm{Al}}^{25}$, as well as a weaker branch to the second excited state. The decay of the upper resonance is predominantly that to the ground state, but weaker branches go to the first and second states. The decay schemes support a ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$ assignment for the lower $T=\frac{3}{2}$ state and favor ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ for the upper. Rough angular-distribution measurements on the ground-state $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray further support these assignments and indicate that the radiations are close to pure $M1$. The various $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transition probabilities are well explained by a rotational picture for the low $T=\frac{3}{2}$ states. $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ spectra were also taken at the lowest $T=\frac{3}{2}$ resonance in ${\mathrm{P}}^{29}$, which had previously been located at ${E}_{x}=8.374\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ MeV, and it was found to feed the first, second, and third excited states.
Dielectric relaxation studies of nitroaromatics in solution

The dielectric behavior of solutions of nitrobenzene, p-nitrobiphenyl, o-nitrobiphenyl, and 2, 2'-dinitrobiphenyl has been characterized in benzene at room temperatures and in supercooled o-terphenyl at lower temperatures. Previous work by Johari et. al.,1 and by Williams et al.,2 has shown that a dielectric microbrownian (α) process and a secondary (β) process is a characteristic feature of supercooled small molecule systems. It was also suggested that the frequency dependence of the normalized permittivity for the α process is a characteristic of the solvent in supercooled solutions. This work was undertaken to compare the effect of the size, shape, and orientation of the dipole moment on the dielectric relaxation process in both the liquid and supercooled liquid states.
Be/longing: Reciprocal mentoring, pedagogies of place, and critical childhood studies in the time of Trump:

This essay focuses on the important, but often taken-for-granted, roles that mentoring and collaborative inquiry play in rethinking childhood studies and situates our work in a time of resurgent ra...
Privacy, the Hacker Way

This Article seeks to clarify the relationship between contract law and promises of privacy and information security. It challenges three commonly held misconceptions in privacy literature regarding the relationship between contract and data protection — the propertization fatalism, the economic value fatalism, and the displacement fatalism — and argues in favor of embracing contract law as a way to enhance consumer privacy. Using analysis from Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc., marketing theory, and the work of Pierre Bourdieu, it argues that the value in information contracts is inherently relational: consumers provide “things of value” — rights of access to valuable informational constructs of identity and context — in exchange for access to certain services provided by the data aggregator. This Article presents a contract-based consumer protection approach to privacy and information security. Modeled on trade secret law and landlord-tenant law, it advocates for courts and legislatures to adopt a “reasonable data stewardship” approach that relies on a set of implied promises — nonwaivable contract warranties and remedies — to maintain contextual integrity of information and improve consumer privacy.
Single carbon nanotube photonics and the role of excitons

Many-body effects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were investigated using multi-color transient absorption spectroscopy. A population of excitons in isolated SWNTs was created by resonantly exciting the lowest allowed excitonic transition. With low pump fluence, photo-induced bleaching was observed regardless of the probe energy, as expected. However, at high pump fluence, photo-induced absorption was observed when probing at a higher energy than the pump. These observations are consistent with a blue-shifted exciton absorption due to phase-space filling effects at high exciton densities. As a result of the rapid loss of excited state population through Auger recombination, the blue shift recovered with a time constant of less than 1 ps.
Isosmotic Fluid Transport across Epithelia

The purpose of this chapter is to review water transport mechanisms in proximal renal tubule and in other epithelia that either participate in water homeostasis or are good model systems for experimental studies of isosmotic water transport. First, we shall review basic principles and definitions, in order to provide a theoretical framework for analysis of the experimental data, and then we shall discuss the particular case of isosmotic transepithelial water transport, using the mammalian renal proximal tubule as the main, but not exclusive model.
Alteration in p53 modulates glial proteins in human glial tumour cells

In transformed human glial cells, abnormalities of the p53 gene and altered expression of glial-specific properties (GSPs) have been observed. We therefore investigated whether (i) expression of the altered p53 protein is involved in the reduced expression of GSPs; and (ii) expression of the wild-type p53 (wt-p53) gene leads to induction of GSPs. We first determined that the p53 gene is mutated in human glioblastoma U-373MG cells. In these cells, and in human T-98G glioblastoma cells reported to possess a mutated p53 (m-p53) gene, nuclear m-p53 expression was intense while GSP expression was low in the same cell as revealed by double labelling immunocytochemistry. Conversely, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamate synthase (GS) were expressed in cells devoid of nuclear m-p53 immnunoreactivity. Therefore, a mutually exclusive relationship exists between the cytoplasmic GSPs and nuclear m-p53. Upon treatment with retinoic acid (RA) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), overall GSP staining were increased concomitant with suppression of nuclear m-p53. Their mutually exclusive expression pattern was maintained suggesting a functional relationship. This is supported by the observation of a similar mutually exclusive expression pattern for p53 and GSPs in pathologic specimens of human glioblastoma tissues. We then explored the role of the wt-p53 gene in the induction of GSPs using a wt-p53 tetracycline-regulated conditional expression system in human LN-Z308 glioblastoma cells. These cells normally express no p53 and no appreciable levels of GS or GFAP. Induced expression of wt-p53 lead to induction of GSP. These observations are consistent with the hypotheses that (i) nuclear m-p53 expression and cytoplasmic expression of GFAP and GS are inversely correlated, and (ii) expression of the wt-p53 gene leads to the expression of GSPs.
Luhmann, Niklas (1927–1998)

This article is a bibliography of Niklas Luhmann (1927–1998), the founder of sociological systems theory, a framework in which modern society becomes a complex system of communications. The article details Luhmann's life story, surveys his achievements and accomplishments, and provides a selection of writings both by and on him.
Recovery and Recrystallization of Doped Tungsten

Doped tungsten of lamp filament grade has excellent resistance to high temperature creep deformation and to recrystallization, as compared to pure tungsten. Potassium is the main dope element and is finely dispersed as a second phase in longitudinal strings or arrays of bubbles. These are very effective obstacles to dislocation motion and grain boundary motion. Their effects were studied by comparing the recovery rates of cold work in doped tungsten wire with those in undoped tungsten using residual resistivity and yield strength measurements. Three distinct recovery stages occur in the temperature ranges 400 to 500°C, 500 to 2000°C and 2000 to 2500°C in the doped tungsten wires as compared with the same stages in undoped tungsten at temperatures of 300 to 450°C, 450 to 900°C and 900 to 1000°C. The various stages are due to migration and annihilation of point defects, motion of dislocations and sub-boundaries, and grain boundary motion, respectively.
The True Composition of Kidney Stones Passed During Triamterene Therapy

Abstract: The potassium-sparing agent triamterene and its metabolites have been identified as components of kidney stones passed by patients receiving that drug. We have analyzed 66 such kidney stones by use of quantitative thin-layer chromatography. The stones contained not only the unchanged triamterene but also significant amounts of an intermediate metabolite, hydroxytriamterene, and large amounts of the sulfate ester of hydroxytriamterene. Of the stones 49 per cent contained less than 5 per cent triamterene and its metabolites, and no stone comprised 100 per cent triamterene-derived material. Of all the triamterene-related material unchanged triamterene dominated. However, the relative fractions of triamterene and hydroxytriamterene in the kidney stones exceeded the relative fractions of these 2 components in the urine.
Crosslinkable Polyesters for Biomedical Composites (1)

A low molecular weight poly D,L-lactide containing carbon carbon double bonds was synthesized from D,L-lactide, 2-butene-1, 4-diol and fumaric acid. This functionized polymer can be thermally crosslinked with lauroyl peroxide initiator. It is potentially a useful thermosetting resin for biodegradable composites for implant applications.
System Support for Fast Client/Server Communication

This chapter looks at performance of client/server systems where the client is either one hop from the server or might even be on the same machine. None of the object-oriented architectures we have reviewed places a particularly high premium on performance, nor is performance the first metric by which one would evaluate them. Yet at the end of the day, performance is central to what computing systems can really do. We’ll look at options for speeding up client/server communication. Most modern operating systems implement at least some of these features.
Harnessing biomolecular condensates in living cells

As part of the 'Central Dogma' of molecular biology, the function of proteins and nucleic acids within a cell is determined by their primary sequence. Recent work, however, has shown that within living cells the role of many proteins and RNA molecules can be influenced by the physical state in which the molecule is found. Within living cells, both protein and RNA molecules are observed to condense into non-membrane-bound yet distinct structures such as liquid droplets, hydrogels and insoluble aggregates. These unique intracellular organizations, collectively termed biomolecular condensates, have been found to be vital in both normal and pathological conditions. Here, we review the latest studies that have developed molecular tools attempting to recreate artificial biomolecular condensates in living cells. We will describe their design principles, implementation and unique characteristics, along with limitations. We will also introduce how these tools can be used to probe and perturb normal and pathological cell functions, which will then be complemented with discussions of remaining areas for technological advance under this exciting theme.
DEM simulations of the seismic response of granular slopes

Abstract In this study, a three-dimensional microscale framework utilizing the discrete element method (DEM) is used to examine the seismic response of dry granular slopes under different conditions of ground motions. The presented model inherently accounts for soil nonlinearity and damping in response to shear deformations. The essential characteristics of wave propagation including motion amplification and resonance were observed from the computational results. The impact of the amplitude and the frequency of the input motion on the response of the slope was examined. Comparisons are made between results from DEM simulations and results from existing methods that utilize the Newmark sliding block approach. Generally, these methods predict sliding displacements less than those computed using DEM.
Code 420: A case series of accidental marijuana ingestion masquerading as acute stroke (P2.203)

Objective: NA Background: Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States, with increasing prevalence of edible forms after legalization for recreational use in 8 states. Discreet, non-standard labels on marijuana food products pose public health risks for accidental ingestion and intoxication. Neurological manifestations of acute marijuana intoxication are not well described in the elderly. We report five cases of accidental marijuana ingestion in the elderly presenting as acute stroke codes. Design/Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on administrative data from a comprehensive stroke center between January 2016 and October 2017. Cases were identified using ICD-10 codes for marijuana ingestion and procedure codes for CT head as a surrogate for neurological symptoms. The cases were analyzed for stroke code at onset, accidental ingestion or intoxication, demographic factors, presenting symptoms, neurological exam and work up. Results: Of 170 cases, 5% (N=8) presented as stroke codes, of which 63% (N=5) were due to accidental ingestion or intoxication. Age of these patients ranged from 59–90 years. Three patients unknowingly consumed an adult child’s edible marijuana, one was intubated for encephalopathy after first-time ingestion, and one presented after changing strains of edible marijuana. Initial NIH Stroke Scale ranged from 0–11. Common symptoms were dysarthria, numbness and mental status changes. Work up included CT head (N=5), MRI brain (N=3), EEG (N=1), and urine toxicology (N=5). All patients recovered to neurological baseline within 30 minutes to 48 hours. Conclusions: We report five cases of accidental marijuana ingestion in elderly patients presenting with acute neurological changes. This case series highlights the importance of considering marijuana intoxication in the differential diagnosis of acute stroke in the elderly, especially when symptoms do not localize well to one vascular territory. From a public health perspective, standard labels on edible marijuana products may prevent accidental ingestion. Disclosure: Dr Werbaneth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Beriner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vora has received research support from Bayer.
The vibrant intersection of personality and psychopathology research: A special issue of the Journal of Research in Personality

Abstract Personality and psychopathological variation are closely linked, both conceptually and empirically. In this introduction, we provide a brief overview of a new special issue of the Journal of Research in Personality focused on links between personality and psychopathology. Contemplating this corpus of work, we conclude that the nexus of personality and psychopathology constitutes a vibrant and active area of inquiry. Psychopathology research informed by personality science has extensive implications not just for the scientific understanding of human individual differences, but also for applied efforts to ameliorate psychological suffering.