cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Horse of a Different Color : Specifying With Precision Infants' Mappings of Novel Nouns and Adjectives

A precisely controlled automated procedure confirms a developmental decalage: Infants acquiring English link count nouns to object categories well before they link adjectives to properties. Fourteen- and 18-month-olds (n= 48 at each age) extended novel words presented as count nouns based on category membership rather than shared properties. When the same words were presented as adjectives, infants revealed no preference for either category- or property-based extensions. The convergence between performance in this automated procedure and in more interactive tasks is striking. Perhaps more importantly, the automated task provides a methodological foundation for (a) exploring the development of form–meaning links in infants acquiring languages other than English and (b) investigating the time course underlying infants’ mapping of novel words to meaning.
Workplace violence: an analysis of bureau of labor statistics data

Information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics analyzed here reveals interesting findings related to injuries resulting from workplace violence. The data show which workers commonly sustain injuries as a result of violent acts, where the violence occurs, and how it happens. The circumstances differ markedly between workplace homicides and nonfatal assaults.
A Model Using Local Weather Data to Determine the Effective Sampling Volume for PCB Congeners Collected on Passive Air Samplers

We have developed and evaluated a mathematical model to determine the effective sampling volumes (Veff) of PCBs and similar compounds captured using polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF–PAS). We account for the variability in wind speed, air temperature, and equilibrium partitioning over the course of the deployment of the samplers. The model, provided as an annotated Matlab script, predicts the Veff as a function of physical-chemical properties of each compound and meteorology from the closest Integrated Surface Database (ISD) data set obtained through NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). The model was developed to be user-friendly, only requiring basic Matlab knowledge. To illustrate the effectiveness of the model, we evaluated three independent data sets of airborne PCBs simultaneously collected using passive and active samplers: at sites in Chicago, Lancaster, UK, and Toronto, Canada. The model provides Veff values comparable to those using depuration compounds and cali...
Fauna in decline--Response

The discomfort expressed by Masuda and Scharks in linking wildlife declines to social conflict and Smith's concern about harvest effort increasing when wildlife declines reinforce the central message of our Policy Forum: Despite growing evidence of the importance of wildlife-society linkages, these
Distribution Network Uncertainty Reconfiguration Model in Demand Response Perspective

The change of electricity using habits of users due to the implementation of demand response,along with the uncertainties of distributed powers output and electric vehicles(EVs)charging has posed new challenges for the distribution network reconfiguration.By referring to the impact of time-of-use(TOU)on the electricity load,a distribution network reconfiguration model with the uncertainties of the solar photovoltaic system,wind power output and EV charging taken into account is developed.Then the quantum evolutionary algorithm is used to solve the model in sub-periods.Finally,the test results on an IEEE 33-bus system show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the operating economy of distribution network by considering the influence of uncertainties of the output of distributed power systems and demand response on the distribution network reconfiguration.
Complex Esophageal Reconstruction Procedures Have Acceptable Outcomes Compared With Routine Esophagectomy.

Background Complex esophageal reconstruction (CER) is defined as restoring esophageal continuity in a previously operated field, using a nongastric conduit, or after esophageal diversion. This study compares the outcomes of CER with non-CER (NCER), which uses an undisturbed stomach for reconstruction. Methods This single-institution retrospective cohort study compares 75 CERs with 75 NCERs from 1995 to 2014 that were matched for cancer versus benign disease. Distributions of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and complications were compared between CER and NCER. Odds of mortality at 30 and 90 days were calculated with logistic regression. Overall survival was illustrated with Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Although patients were similar in age, sex, and preoperative comorbidities, more non-white patients underwent CER ( p = 0.04). Most NCER patients had adenocarcinoma (44%) or Barrett's high-grade dysplasia (39%); most CER patients had other benign disease (44%) or squamous cell carcinoma (24%, p Conclusions Compared with NCER, CER patients had higher rates of return to the operating room, more postoperative infections and gastrointestinal complications, and longer length of stay. However, 30-day, 90-day, and overall survival were similar. CER should be offered to patients with acceptable risks and anticipated long-term survival.
M100907 attenuates elevated grooming behavior in the BTBR mouse

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit social-communication deficits along with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). To date, there is a lack of effective treatments to alleviate RRBs. A recent study found that treatment with the 5HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 attenuates a reversal learning deficit in the BTBR mouse model of autism. The BTBR mouse also exhibits elevated grooming behavior which may model stereotyped motor behaviors also observed in ASD. The present study examined whether 5HT2A receptor blockade with M100907 at either 0.01 or 0.1mg/kg can reduce repetitive grooming in BTBR mice compared to that of vehicle-treated BTBR and C57BL6/J (B6) mice. M100907 at 0.1mg/kg, but not 0.01mg/kg, significantly attenuated repetitive grooming in BTBR mice compared to that of vehicle-treated BTBR mice. M100907 at either dose did not affect grooming behavior in B6 mice. To determine whether 0.1mg/kg M100907 had a more general effect on activity in BTBR mice, a second experiment determined whether M100907 at 0.1mg/kg affected locomotor activity in BTBR mice. M100907 treatment in BTBR and B6 mice did not alter locomotor activity compared to that of vehicle-treated BTBR and B6 mice. The present findings taken together with past results suggest that treatment with a 5HT2A receptor antagonist may be effective in ameliorating RRBs in ASD.
A Stage Model for NPD Process Maturity and IKMS Implementation

The objective of this chapter is to provide an analytical tool to assist organizations in their implementations of intelligent knowledge management systems (IKMS) along the new product development (NPD) process. Indeed, organizations rely on a variety of systems using artificial intelligence to support the NPD process that depends on the maturity stage of both the process and type of knowledge managed. Our framework outlines the technological and organizational path that organizations have to follow to integrate and manage knowledge effectively along their new product development process. In doing so, we also address the main limitations of the systems used to date and suggest the evolution toward a new category of KMS based on artificial intelligence that we refer to as intelligent knowledge management systems. We illustrate our framework with an analysis of several case studies. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This paper appears in the publication, Artificial Intelligence and Integrated Intelligent Information Systems: Emerging Technologies and Applications edited by X. Zha © 2007, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB13697
Shear wave splitting across the Mid-Atlantic region of North America: A fossil anisotropy interpretation

New shear wave splitting measurements (n = 76) from the Mid-Atlantic section of North America, when combined with previously reported measurements, provide improved clarity to patterns of seismic anisotropy across the region, including a rotation of fast polarization directions (ϕ) from east-west to northeast-southwest in Pennsylvania (USA). We attribute the patterns in ϕ to frozen-in (i.e., fossil) anisotropy in the lithospheric mantle. Most ϕ directions parallel the strike of the Appalachian orogen, except in parts of New England, where ϕ directions are oriented perpendicular to both the strike of the orogen and continental margin. The ϕ directions parallel to the strike of the Appalachian orogen, including those that rotate from east-west to northeast-southwest in Pennsylvania, are consistent with the expected orientation for fossil anisotropy developed during the Appalachian orogenic cycle. The ϕ directions in New England, perpendicular to the continental margin, are consistent with the expected orientation for fossil anisotropy developed during the breakup of Pangea, and ϕ directions at locations west of the Appalachian Mountains in areas not affected by the Appalachian orogeny can be explained by fossil anisotropy developed during the Proterozoic suturing of the Granite-Rhyolite Province and Elzevir block to the eastern margin of Laurentia.
Oxide composition studies of electrochemically grown tantalum oxide on sintered tantalum using XPS depth-profiling and co-relation with leakage properties

Chemical structure and leakage properties of electrochemically grown tantalum oxide films on high-surface area tantalum were studied. Tantalum oxide films with different thicknesses were grown on sintered tantalum under potentio-dynamic conditions by modifying the anodization dwell-voltages. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth-profile studies were performed to investigate the surface chemical composition and oxide species of the grown tantalum oxide. Furthermore, the strength of the dielectric film was probed by analyzing the leakage properties of the tantalum oxide of different thicknesses. Different leakage current models were used to identify the plausible defect mechanisms in anodized tantalum oxide films. A mix of the stoichiometric pentavalent oxide and non-stoichiometric sub-oxides were observed in the tantalum oxide film with a distribution gradient along the oxide growth direction. A gradual drop was observed in the content of stoichiometric phase from the oxide surface to the oxide-metal interface irrespective of the oxide thickness. The non-stoichiometric content of oxide gave rise to crystalline nature in the oxide which acted as a catalyst for leakage conduction in oxide dielectrics. The electrode-dielectric interface gave rise to various defect mechanisms which also contributed to leakage in addition to crystalline content in the oxide. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific reporting on composition and structure of anodically-grown tantalum oxide films on high-surface area tantalum along with identification of mechanisms responsible for their leakage properties.
The slippery slope

Seismic readings suggest that a zone of weak, slippery rocks lies beneath the Pacific northwest coast of the United States. These frail layers might be limiting the violence of earthquakes.
Husserl’s Phenomenology and Contemporary Science

In the present essay I wish to argue that Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological account of eide,the essential features of the lived meanings of things, shares—by analogy—many intriguing features with the objects and principles of contemporary physics, especially quantum mechanics and quantum cosmology. In demonstrating this, I wish to contrast Husserl’s “philosophy as a rigorous science” with two other versions of “scientific philosophy,” those of Carnap and Quine. My object is twofold: first, I wish to argue that Husserl’s version of “scientific philosophy” shares many intriguing features with twentieth-century physics, whereas the “scientific philosophies” of Carnap and Quine seem to fit more properly with pre-twentieth century (classical Newtonian) physics; secondly, I wish to suggest that Husserl’s account of eide seems to be no more “metaphysical” (in the traditional sense of the modern period in philosophy) than are the theories, concepts and models offered by (at least the careful) quantum physicists, and that this non-metaphysical stance is in fact postmodern.
Comparative Effectiveness of Treatment Alternatives for Localized Prostate Cancer

A patient newly diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011 faces a potentially bewildering menu of treatment options. Alternatives endorsed by the American Urological Association (AUA)’s 2007 practice guideline for localized prostate cancer [1], for example, include active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, interstitial radiation (brachytherapy), or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). However, the detailed list of options becomes longer, including among surgical options open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORRP), radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP), “straight” laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), within brachytherapy, permanent (low-dose rate) seed implantation or temporary (high-dose rate [HDR]) via catheters, and within EBRT, “conventional” 3-D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), or proton beam therapy, possibly combined with brachytherapy and/or with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Other options not necessarily endorsed by the guideline but frequently used in practice include primary ADT (PADT) monotherapy and cryotherapy; those traveling outside the United States also have the option of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
THE USE OF A PRIORI INFORMATION IN IMPROVED DIGITAL TOMOGRAPHY

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates that digital tomography (DT) is basically a limited-angle imaging problem. Therefore, the techniques of limited-angle image reconstructions can be applied to remove the blurring on the tomographic planes caused by the densities on the adjacent planes. This method significantly improves image quality for the inspection of closely spaced layers like those found in multilayer printed circuit boards. The chapter presents a figure showing a part of the computer-generated plantom that simulates the geometry of typical multilayer printed circuit boards. The plantom is made up of 16 layers of copper conductors. The copper wires on each layer are parallel to each other, and the wires on consecutive layers run perpendicular to each other. The chapter also shows the images of layers 9 and 10 reconstructed with the conventional D.T. method. The images have been filtered with a 6–point high–pass filter. In conclusion, it has been shown in the chapter that incorporating limited-angle reconstruction technique in D.T. reduces blurring from other planes, reduces the edge fall-off effect, and makes it possible to improve the image by increasing either the number of radiographs or their angular range.
On the Ultimate Justification of the Ethics of Private Property

Ludwig von Mises, in his masterpiece Human Action presents and explains the entire body of economic theory as implied in, and deducible from, one’s conceptual understanding of the meaning of action (plus that of a few general, explicitly introduced assumptions about the empirical reality in which action is taking place). He calls this conceptual knowledge the “axiom of action,” and he demonstrates in which sense the meaning of action from which economic theory sets out, i.e., of values, ends, and means, of choice, preference, profit, loss, and cost, must be considered a priori knowledge: it is not derived from sense impressions but from reflection (one does not see actions, but rather interprets certain physical phenomena as actions!); and, most importantly, it can not possibly be invalidated by any experience whatsoever, because any attempt to do so would already presuppose the existence of action and an actor’s understanding of the categories of action (experiencing something is, after all, itself an intentional action!).
The rolling-circle replicative structure of a bacteriophage λ DNA

Abstract Intermediates of λ DNA replication in the second half of the latent period have been isolated and investigated in the electron microscope. The isolated replicative structures were predominantly single-branched “ rolling-circle ” replicative forms. The long linear tails (concatemers) may be the precursor of mature λ DNA.
Multi-dimensional heuristic searching

A heuristic improvement technique referred to as multi-dimensional heuristics is presented. Instead of only applying the heuristic between two states X1/X1X2 and X2, when a distance estimate of is needed, this technique uses a reference state R and applies the heuristic function to (X1,R) and (X'2,R) and compares the resulting values. If two states are close to each other, then they should also be approximately equidistant to a third reference state. It is possible to use many such reference states to improve some heuristics. The reference states are used to map the search into an N-dimensional search space. The process of choosing reference states can be automated and is in fact a learning procedure. Test results using the 15-puzzle are presented in support of the effectiveness of multi-dimensional heuristics. This method has been shown to improve both a weak 15-puzzle heuristic, the tile reversal heuristic, as well as the stronger Manhattan distance heuristic.
Abstract 911: Targeting the mutant KRAS/BRAF-induced enhancer as an approach to overcome resistance to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and is expected to cause approximately 50,000 deaths in the US in 2017. The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the cornerstone of first-line adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for CRC. Resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapies develops over time and is the greatest obstacle to effective management in this disease. However, the resistance mechanisms of 5-FU are largely unknown. Approximately 50% of the CRC cases have activating mutations in KRAS or BRAF. Based on recent clinical data, it is now appreciated that KRAS/BRAF mutations are associated with worse survival in 5-FU-based chemotherapies for CRC. Therefore, there is an urgent unmet need for improved therapeutic options to treat mutant KRAS/BRAF tumors. We analyzed the differential activation status of enhancers in KRAS/BRAF mutant and wildtype CRC cell lines. Enhancers that associated with genes regulating pyrimidine metabolism were significantly enriched in KRAS/BRAF mutant CRC cells. Among them, the differential activation of an enhancer located ~400kb upstream of the DPYD promoter was most significant. By using CRISPR-dCas9 system, specifically targeting of p300 to the enhancer significantly increased DPYD expression, and Ezh2 significantly decreased expression. Knockout (KO) of this enhancer resulted in reductions in DPD expression and increased resistance to 5-FU. In mouse xenograft studies, enhancer-KO cells responded to doses of 5-FU that were otherwise ineffective against control cells. Treating KRAS mutant CRC cells with CBP30, H3K27 acetyl-transferase inhibitor, significantly reduced DPYD expression. Synergistic interactions was identified between CBP30 and 5-FU. Finally, mouse xenograft studies strongly suggest that inhibition of H3K27ac may significantly improve 5-FU effectiveness against KRAS mutant tumors. In summary, the present studies advance our understanding of how mutant KRAS/BRAF epigenetically regulates DPYD expression and results in 5-FU resistance in CRC. We showed that clinical treatment of CRC might be significantly improved by the development of future pharmacologic approaches targeting enhancers that are activated by mutant KRAS/BRAF. Citation Format: Rentian Wu, Qian Nie, Phillip A. Kubica, Zhiquan Wang, Shikshya Shrestha, Colbren S. Trogstad-Isaacson, Calvin R. Jerde, Erin E. Tapper, Kelly J. Bouchonville, Steven M. Offer, Robert B. Diasio. Targeting the mutant KRAS/BRAF-induced enhancer as an approach to overcome resistance to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 911.
The Expert Witness in Academia

This paper relates how the activities of the expert witness contribute to overall effectiveness in the academic assignment. It defines the term "Expert Witness" and presents the qualifications, functions, and specific duties entailed. The characteristics of a successful expert witness are presented and discussed. Based on these discussions, the experience as an expert witness is related to the academic assignment, as well as providing some insight as to its merit as a professional and scholarly effort.
Erratum for Sze and Schloss, "Leveraging Existing 16S rRNA Gene Surveys To Identify Reproducible Biomarkers in Individuals with Colorectal Tumors".

Volume 9, no. 3, e00630-18, 2018, [https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00630-18][1]. Table 2 has two typographical errors. The number of control and carcinoma samples from the Geng et al. study should be 8 rather than 16. The analysis used the correct number of samples. The number of samples in the
Deep learning-based tensile strength prediction in fused deposition modeling

Abstract As one of the transformative technologies, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been facing the challenge of product property inconsistency, which prevents its adoption in various critical applications. Various studies have been dedicated to building the predictive models for improved AM quality control. However, the distinct layer-by-layer printing process and the related cyclic layer thermal history present significant difficulty in model accuracy and reliability. This paper presents a data-driven predictive model by taking into account the printing process in a deep learning network structure, using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) as a representative case study. Temperature and vibration data are measured to reveal the layer-wise thermal and mechanical activities as well as the process variation, and the inter-relationship among different printing layers is characterized by a Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) network. The sensing data, combined with process parameters and material property, are then fused for predicting the tensile strength of manufactured parts. To quantify the influence of each process parameters on the prediction result, a modified Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) is investigated. Experimental evaluation has shown that the LSTM-based predictive model outperforms several machine learning techniques, such as Support Vector Regression and Random Forest. The relevance distribution revealed by LRP is found useful for interpreting the prediction result.
Nonlinear dynamics and control of an inertially actuated jumper robot

This paper introduces a unique hopping robot based on the inertial actuation concept that can navigate in three-dimensional environments. Inertial actuators are used to drive the robot. Rotating mass spinners provide the jumping thrust, while flywheels stabilize and control the orientation of the robot. The robot has two modes of motion: flying and ground contact modes. A mathematical model is developed, and equations of motion for both modes are obtained using both Lagrangian method and Euler’s moment equations. An adaptive control scheme is developed in order to generate periodic jumping during the ground contact mode. Tracking controllers are used during the flight mode to modify the orientation of the robot. Two tracking controllers are considered in this paper. First, sliding mode control is designed based on Lyapunov approach. Second, state-dependent Riccati equation-based optimal controller is also developed. Then, nonlinear stability of the system is analyzed. We demonstrate that successful control action that drives the system toward a stable periodic orbit is possible. Finally, the simulation results validate the proposed controllers and the comparison between these two controllers is presented.
Loss of NaV1.2-Dependent Backpropagating Action Potentials in Dendrites Contributes to Autism and Intellectual Disability.

Mutations in voltage-dependent sodium channels cause severe autism/intellectual disability. In this issue of Neuron, Spratt et al. (2019) show that lowering expression of Nav1.2 channels attenuates backpropagation of action potentials into dendrites of cortical neurons, preventing spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.
The first record of Euthiconus Reitter in Japan, with comparative notes on remaining Palaearctic species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae).

Two species of Euthiconus Reitter were previously known to occur in the Palaearctic region, distributed in Europe (E. conicicollis (Fairmaire Laboulbene)) and in the Russian Far East (E. lustrificus Kurbatov). A description of the first Japanese species, Euthiconus nopporoensis sp. n., is given, based on specimens collected on Hokkaido. The new species shares with E. lustrificus unmodified male protrochanters and a similar shape of the pronotum; it differs in a bottle-shaped aedeagus, sparser setae on the pronotum, and a shorter antennomere III. Key morphological structures of all Palaearctic species of Euthiconus are illustrated, to facilitate identifications.
Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements: I. Rat skeletal and bone growth

A review of features of bone structure and bone growth critical to the development of a physiologically based model of the whole-body kinetics of bone-seeking elements is presented. Allometric equations describing the volume and weight of the bone, bone marrow, and skeleton during growth of the rat from birth to maturity are derived. Weights of body calcium and bone ash are also expressed allometrically as functions of body weight during growth. The simplicity of these functions will allow them to form the basis of a flexible model of the movement of bone-seeking elements in and out of bone. Blood flow rates to bone and bone marrow are incorporated into the model of the mature skeleton. The predictions of the skeletal growth model are in good agreement with measured quantities of bone, skeletal ash, and calcium in growing rats.
A Neighborhood Interactive Distributed Feeder Automation Method in Smart Power Distribution Network

Aiming at the problems of slow fault handling speed and large blackout range in smart power distribution network, a Neighborhood Interactive Distributed Feeder Automation Method (NIDFA) method is proposed. The FA terminal interacts with the information to complete the fault location, isolation and power supply in the non fault area. Aiming at the difficulty of verifying the fault handling method of smart power distribution network, a NIDFA method verification system based on RTDS is built according to the real smart power distribution network. The fault characteristics of various types of smart power distribution network are simulated by RTDS to verify the processing speed, success rate and outage range of NIDFA method in smart power distribution network fault handling. The simulation results show that NIDFA has faster speed and smaller blackout range than the current distribution automation method under the premise of guaranteeing the same success rate of fault handling; at the same time, the experimental process proves that the NIDFA method verification system based on RTDS is convenient, flexible and comprehensive, and has high application value.
Effects of the magnetodipole corrections on the spectra of spheroidal whispering gallery mode resonators interacting with a dielectric nanoparticle

Interaction between whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators and nanoparticles is an area of active interest in fundamental understanding of nanoparticle-induced spectral modifications of the WGM resonances in sensing applications. Existing theories of this phenomenon assume that nanoparticles can be described taking into account only the electrodipole contribution to the field of the nanoparticle. In this paper, we explore theoretically the effects of the magnetodipole contribution to the nanoparticle’s field and show that this contribution might become significant even in situations when electrodipole approximation is expected to remain valid.
mHealth Apps for Older Adults: A Method for Development and User Experience Design Evaluation:

This study details a method for mHealth app development and user experience design (UX) evaluation, which generates a comprehensive list of stakeholder-users, acknowledges UX barriers, advocates mu...
Control of Adipocyte Thermogenesis and Lipogenesis through β3-Adrenergic and Thyroid Hormone Signal Integration.

Summary Here, we show that β adrenergic signaling coordinately upregulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and both effects are blocked in mice lacking the cAMP-generating G protein-coupled receptor Gs (Adipo-GsαKO) in adipocytes. However, UCP1 expression but not DNL activation requires rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1. Furthermore, β3-adrenergic agonist CL316243 readily upregulates thermogenic but not lipogenic genes in cultured adipocytes, indicating that additional regulators must operate on DNL in sWAT in vivo. We identify one such factor as thyroid hormone T3, which is elevated locally by adrenergic signaling. T3 administration to wild-type mice enhances both thermogenesis and DNL in sWAT. Mechanistically, T3 action on UCP1 expression in sWAT depends upon cAMP and is blocked in Adipo-GsαKO mice even as elevated DNL persists. Thus, T3 enhances sWAT thermogenesis by amplifying cAMP signaling, while its control of adipocyte DNL can be mediated independently of both cAMP and rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1.
Ohio physician attitudes toward medical Cannabis and Ohio’s medical marijuana program

Ohio’s medical cannabis program is one of three states that require physicians to become certified to recommend medical cannabis to their patients. The current study examines the attitudes of Ohio physicians toward medical cannabis and Ohio’s program to ascertain how likely physicians are to participate in Ohio’s program. Physicians were invited to complete an internet survey that asked them about their concerns regarding medical marijuana, Ohio’s program, their likelihood of recommending medical cannabis, and becoming certified within the state. Ordinal and logistic regressions were used to understand the physicians’ likelihood of recommending cannabis, of becoming certified to recommend cannabis, and their attitude toward Ohio’s program. In total, 11,665 physicians licensed to practice in Ohio were contacted by email, and 344 responses were received for a response rate of 2.9%. Only 42 physicians reported being certified or had plans to become certified to recommend marijuana, and 62% were unlikely to recommend marijuana to their patients. Overall, the belief that medical cannabis should be legal had the greatest association with the likelihood of recommending cannabis (OR = .37, 95% CI = .24–.54), of becoming certified (OR = .21, 95% CI = .10–.38), and believing that Ohio’s program is too strict (OR = .39, 95% CI = .30–.51). However, the study sample precludes generalizing the results beyond this study. The 2.9% response rate could indicate a bias toward physicians who have strong opinions about the legality of medical cannabis. The results show that many physicians have concerns about medical cannabis and Ohio’s program, and many physicians may not participate in the program. This could be a problem for patients who would like to use cannabis for medical reasons; therefore, these patients, may need to utilize one physician for cannabis and another for regular care. Physicians will likely be caring for patients who are using cannabis regardless of their own beliefs about it. The lack of training regarding cannabis in healthcare, along with requiring “certified recommenders” to have training could result in a fractured healthcare system.
Getting Students Back on Track: Persistent Effects of Flipping Accelerated Organic Chemistry on Student Achievement, Study Strategies, and Perceptions of Instruction

Converting a first-term, accelerated summer organic chemistry course to a flipped format reduced the achievement gap in the flipped course and in the second-term traditional lecture course between Non-Repeaters taking an accelerated course to “get ahead” and Repeaters taking the course to “get back on track”. The difference in final exam performance in the second-term course was nearly halved, the GPA gap in both courses was reduced, and the gap in passing rate for the second-term course was eliminated. First-generation students who took the first-term course in the flipped format experienced a final exam score boost in the second-term course regardless of repeater status. While most students responded positively to the flipped course structure, repeating students held a stronger preference for the flipped format. These findings provide guidance on how to create courses that promote equity, access, and retention of diverse students in STEM.
Advances in micro-CT imaging of small animals.

Abstract Purpose Micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging is a ubiquitous, cost-effective, and non-invasive three-dimensional imaging modality. We review recent developments and applications of micro-CT for preclinical research. Methods Based on a comprehensive review of recent micro-CT literature, we summarize features of state-of-the-art hardware and ongoing challenges and promising research directions in the field. Results Representative features of commercially available micro-CT scanners and some new applications for both in vivo and ex vivo imaging are described. New advancements include spectral scanning using dual-energy micro-CT based on energy-integrating detectors or a new generation of photon-counting x-ray detectors (PCDs). Beyond two-material discrimination, PCDs enable quantitative differentiation of intrinsic tissues from one or more extrinsic contrast agents. When these extrinsic contrast agents are incorporated into a nanoparticle platform (e.g. liposomes), novel micro-CT imaging applications are possible such as combined therapy and diagnostic imaging in the field of cancer theranostics. Another major area of research in micro-CT is in x-ray phase contrast (XPC) imaging. XPC imaging opens CT to many new imaging applications because phase changes are more sensitive to density variations in soft tissues than standard absorption imaging. We further review the impact of deep learning on micro-CT. We feature several recent works which have successfully applied deep learning to micro-CT data, and we outline several challenges specific to micro-CT. Conclusions All of these advancements establish micro-CT imaging at the forefront of preclinical research, able to provide anatomical, functional, and even molecular information while serving as a testbench for translational research.
A Machine Learning Approach-based Chipless RFID System for Robust Detection in Real-world Implementations

This work describes a novel method based on a machine learning (ML) approach for highly accurate and robust identification of chipless RFID applications in realistic environments. For this purpose, effective transponder reading is achieved not only for a wide variety of ranges and contexts but also for different commercial objects attached to the chipless RFID tag, while providing tag-ID detection accuracy of up to 98.5 %. A UWB transmitting tag antenna, four tags encoding the four 2-bit IDs, and a UWB receiving tag antenna were inkjet-printed onto flexible low-cost substrates and interrogated without cross-talk or clutter interference de-embedding at ranges from 2 to 50 cm, with different objects attached to the tag (non-conductive, aluminum can, and plastic bottle filled with water), for both configurations with and without the presence of scattering objects in the vicinity of the tags and reader. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) using the information of the measured transmission coefficients (S 21 ) outperforms the other methods displaying reading accuracies 98.5 %.
Analysis of metrics used for storage process evaluation.

Paper is focused on logistic metrics used for checking of storage process effectiveness, and using of chosen metrics for logistic controlling and benchmarking. The paper deals with information received from the research conducted in 189 enterprises in 2007–2009. The enterprises represent food processing industry, production of consumer goods, industrial production, building industry and carriers. This paper is one of the solutions of grant research GAJU Nr. 073/08/H Application of fuzzy logic methods in logistic controlling and benchmarking.
Evaluation and Treatment of Angular Deformities

Abnormalities in lower limb alignment are common and differentiating pathologic from physiologic limb alignment is important prior to planning treatment. This chapter considers preoperative planning for correction of deformities by osteotomy or hemiepiphysiodesis, focusing on coronal malalignment in the lower extremities.
Microsurgery of the common bile duct. An experimental and clinical study.

Summary Although most surgeons continue to adhere to the use of direct intraductal drainage routinely after choledochotomy for a variety of reasons including fear of biliary peritonitis, we believe that this may not always be in the patients' best interest. The practice of primary closure of the common bile duct is preferred in selected cases by a number of well qualified surgeons in the present and past centuries. As a matter of fact, drainage of the common bile duct may hinder rather than help the recovery of patients. The use of a binocular surgical microscope, especially a surgical diploscope with 400 to 500 mm focal distance lenses, allows the surgeons to accurately approximate common bile duct incisions or transections without the use of stents or drainage. A nonbile leakage closure of primary type can be obtained because of excellent lighting and magnification of the surgical field and the use of fine suture material.
Ethoxyquin prevents chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity via Hsp90 modulation.

Objective Peripheral neurotoxicity is a major dose-limiting side effect of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Currently there are no effective disease-modifying therapies for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, but these side effects of chemotherapy are potentially ideal targets for development of neuroprotective therapies, because candidate drugs can be co- or preadministered before the injury to peripheral axons takes place. Methods We used a phenotypic drug screening approach to identify ethoxyquin as a potential neuroprotective drug and carried out additional biochemical experiments to identify its mechanism of action. Results We validated the screening results with ethoxyquin and its derivatives and showed that they prevented paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy without blocking paclitaxel's ability to kill tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ethoxyquin acts by modulating the chaperone activity of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and blocking the binding of 2 of its client proteins, ataxin-2 and Sf3b2. Ethoxyquin-induced reduction in levels of both of these proteins resulted in prevention of axonal degeneration caused by paclitaxel. Interpretation Ethoxyquin and its novel derivatives as well as other classes of small molecules that act as Hsp90 modulators may offer a new opportunity for development of drugs to prevent chemotherapy-induced axonal degeneration. Ann Neurol 2013;74:893–904
Overexpression of IRF9 Confers Resistance to Antimicrotubule Agents in Breast Cancer Cells

IRF9/p48/ISGF3gamma (IRF9) is an IFN regulatory factor that mediates signaling by type I IFNs (IFNalpha and IFNbeta). After single-step selection of breast adenocarcinoma cells in paclitaxel, differential display and single gene analysis demonstrated that transcriptional activation of IRF9 and other IFN-responsive genes, independent of IFN, corresponded with resistance to antimicrotubule agents. Transient overexpression of IRF9 reproduced the drug-resistance phenotype and induced expression of IFN-responsive genes. However, drug resistance was not induced by overexpression of Stat1 or Stat2, or treatment with IFNalpha per se. Using a donor-matched array of cDNA prepared from human tumor and normal tissue from a variety of organs, we observed overexpression of IRF9 in approximately one-half of breast and uterine tumors, which indicated that IRF9 may be important in signaling in these tumor types. These data identify a novel IFN-independent role for IRF9 in the development of resistance to antimicrotubule agents in breast tumor cells and may link downstream mediators of IFN signaling to drug resistance in human cancers.
Effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture on glucagon‐induced small intestinal hypomotility in dogs

Background Little is known on the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) (Br Med J, 2, 1976, 1225) on intestinal motility. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and mechanisms of EA on small intestinal contractions, transit, and slow waves in dogs. Methods Six dogs were equipped with two intestinal cannulas for the measurement of small intestinal contractions and transit. Glucagon was used to induce postprandial intestinal hypomotility. Each dog was studied in five randomized sessions: Control, glucagon, glucagon + EA, glucagon + EA + naloxone, and glucagon + EA + atropine. Key Results 1 In the fasting state, EA induced intestinal contractions during motor quiescence (contractile index or CI: 4.4 ± 0.8 VS 8.3 ± 0.7, P < 0.05). 2 In the fed state, EA improved glucagon-induced intestinal hypomotility (CI: 3.8 ± 0.4 VS 6.1 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). 3 Electroacupuncture accelerated intestinal transit delayed by glucagon (67.9 ± 4.3 VS 40.2 ± 5.0 min, P < 0.05). 4 There was a negative correlation between the CI and the total transit time (R2 = 0.59, P < 0.05). 5 The excitatory effect of EA was blocked by naloxone and partially blocked by atropine. 6 The percentage of normal slow waves was reduced with glucagon (70 ± 2%VS 98 ± 1% at baseline, P = 0.0015). Electroacupuncture normalized impaired slow waves and the effect was blocked by naloxone. Conclusions & Inferences Electroacupuncture enhances intestinal contractions during Phase I of the migrating motor complex and glucagon-induced hypomotility in the fed state, and accelerates intestinal transit via the opioid and cholinergic pathways in dogs. Electroacupuncture may have a therapeutic potential for intestinal hypomotility.
Statistical analysis of correlated resonance phenomena in two systems: 28Si+20Ne and 24Mg+20Ne.

A differentially pumped windowless {sup 20}Ne gas target was used to measure angle averaged excitation functions for binary decay of the {sup 28}Si+{sup 20}Ne reaction into low-lying states of {sup 28}Si+{sup 20}Ne, {sup 24}Mg+{sup 24}Mg, and {sup 32}S+{sup 16}O, and for binary decay of the {sup 24}Mg+{sup 20}Ne reaction into low-lying states of {sup 24}Mg+{sup 20}Ne and {sup 28}Si+{sup 16}O. The {sup 28}Si+{sup 20}Ne measurements span the region of excitation energy in {sup 48}Cr from 50.6 to 67.7 MeV ({sup 28}Si beam energies from 87.2 to 128.2 MeV). The reaction {sup 24}Mg+{sup 20}Ne was investigated over a region in {sup 44}Ti from 48.75 to 71.0 MeV ({sup 24}Mg beam energies from 70.8 to 119.75 MeV). Angular distribution measurements were made for {sup 20}Ne({sup 28}Si,{sup 24}Mg){sup 24}Mg at excitation energy=56.22 MeV and for {sup 20}Ne({sup 24}Mg,{sup 16}O){sup 28}Si at excitation energy=53.02 and 57.75 MeV. Both systems display evidence of statistically significant correlated resonance phenomena, but the resonances are dominated by spins comparable to the grazing angular momenta of the respective entrance channels, and are not analogs of the molecular configurations that dominate the {sup 24}Mg({sup 24}Mg,{sup 24}Mg{sup *}){sup 24}Mg{sup *} reactions.
Prostaglandin E2-induced thermal hyperalgesia and its reversal by morphine in the warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure in rhesus monkeys.

Four monkeys were seated in primate restraint chairs and the terminal 10 cm of their shaved tails were dipped into water maintained at a series of temperatures ranging from 38-54 degrees C. The latency to tail withdrawal from several temperatures was measured and temperature-effect curves for each monkey were generated. When administered s.c. into the tail, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 0, 1.58, 5.0 and 15.8 micrograms) produced a dose-dependent hyperalgesia manifested as dose-dependent leftward shifts in the temperature-effect curves. This hyperalgesia peaked 15 to 45 min after administration and lasted for approximately 2 hr. PGE2-induced hyperalgesia was mediated locally, because administration of 15.8 micrograms of PGE2 into the back had no effect on the temperature-effect curve. The hyperalgesic effects of PGE2 were reversed potently by morphine (0.32-3.2 mg/kg), and the effects of morphine were antagonized in a surmountable manner by both the opioid antagonist quadazocine (0.1 mg/kg) and by systemic administration of the charged opioid antagonist quaternary naltrexone (3.2 mg/kg). These results indicate that PGE2 produces thermal hyperalgesia in rhesus monkeys and also suggests that this hyperalgesia may be reversed by activation of peripheral opioid receptors. PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in the warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure may provide a useful assay for evaluating the effects of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments on hyperalgesia associated with inflammation in primates.
Evolution of Community Mental Health Case Management: Considerations for Clinical Practice

Case management has been the preferred method of helping persons with mental illness live in the community. This report examines the historical development of case management practice over the past 30 years. The analysis revealed that evolutionary growth in case management developed in response to expansion of community mental health services rather than consumer interests to improve their quality of life. Consequently, this reveals itself in the lack of outcome criteria needed to measure case management effectiveness. Currently, the concept of case management is undergoing a revolutionary paradigm shift that is "consumer-driven" and responds to consumer concerns. However, as mental health care costs rise within a rapidly growing community mental health care system, managed care is being implemented as a method to contain these rising costs. Because of major differences in philosophical underpinnings, developments in support of public mental health managed care may jeopardize the genesis of consumer-driven case management by supporting case management models that reflect managed care ideology.