cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
7 Things You Need to Know About: Employment Relationships (Presentation Slides)

These slides cover the most important aspects of the law as it relates to employment relationships such as employment at will, family and medical leave, income security, fair labor standards, worker's compensation and employee privacy. More specifically they cover child labor, minimum wage and maximum hours. They cover the ways in which employers can monitor their employees such as email and phone monitoring. You will get a big picture perspective on your rights as an employee and the red flags that pop up in the employment context.
Fatigue Study of a Nanocomposite Laminate

A novel multi-scale carbon fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposite laminate, with strategically incorporated carbon nanotubes at 0.2 weight percent, is studied for improvements in strength, stiffness and fatigue life under both tension-tension fatigue and tension-compression fatigue loadings. Fluorine XD-grade nanotubes are incorporated into the carbon fabric prior to high temperature vacuum assited resin transfer molding lamination through a spraying process. The influence of the functionalized carbon nanotubes on the evolution of damage and the resistance to catastrophic failure is credited for the demonstrated improvements in mechanical properties. A fractographic analysis is conducted to better understand the nanotube reinforcement mechanisms, including light and scanning electron microscopy.
Tissue copper and lead content in ischemic heart disease.

An association between softness of municipal drinking water and an increase in cardiovascular disease has been repeatedly reported from several different countries. Lead and copper have both been reported to be increased in soft water and have been suggested as possible etiologic agents. Therefore, autopsy tissue was obtained and analyzed for these two metals. Fifty-five persons without and 46 persons with definite ischemic heart disease were studied. Renal lead was not significantly different. Hepatic copper was increased (P=.05) in subjects with ischemic heart disease in the absence of diabetes or hypertension.
Metabolomics of basal breast carcinomas: a potential target for treatment intervention.

Abstract #6026 Breast cancers of the basal subtype (ER, PR and HER2 negative; EGFR and/or CK5/6 positive) are typically high grade, rapidly proliferative, associated with a poor outcome and are resistant to many chemotherapeutic regimens. They occur more frequently in women with BRCA-1 mutations, African Americans and obese individuals. At the molecular level, basal cancers have impairment of BRCA-1 and p53 signaling and are driven, in part, through EGFR which activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Treatment of basal carcinoma cell lines with the FDA approved anti-diabetic drug metformin significantly reduces cellular proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest (late G1/S phase) and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Similar effects were not observed in breast cancer cells of the luminal A, B or HER2 subtypes. Metformin induces a wide spectrum of metabolic and molecular changes in basal carcinoma cell lines in vitro, including: a reduction in glucose uptake, enhanced lactate release, a decrease in cellular proliferation and colony formation, a decrease in EGFR, phospho-EGFR and downstream signaling including pAKT, pMAPK and psrc, inhibition of cyclins D1 and E, reduced E2F1, PARP cleavage and activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9 in a dose and time dependent manner. Nude mice with basal cell line MDA-MB-231 xenografts treated with metformin showed significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival as compared to control untreated mice. Pre-treatment with metformin prior to xenograft inoculation reduced both tumor formation and growth as compared to mice treated with metformin after implantation or untreated control mice, suggesting that metformin may have some use in basal cancer prevention. Epidemiologic data has shown that women treated with metformin have a reduced rate of breast cancer and, for those patients with breast cancer, an improved disease free and overall survival. In aggregate, these data suggest that further study of metformin to prevent or treat breast cancer in some patient subgroups may be indicated. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6026.
Performance of the SteriPath Device in Removing Skin Contamination From Blood Culture Samples

 Methods SteriPath device was prospectively used to randomly collect one of the two blood culture sets from each patient as part of a larger study.  Culture was performed on diverted blood by injecting one ml Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) into the diversion chamber and mixing it with the blood.  The blood/TSB mixture was incubated for 24 hours at 35-37°C then plated to blood agar. Agar plates were incubated at 35°C and examined daily for 4-5 days before finalizing as negative.  Identification of any isolate was performed according to standard microbiology procedures. Our results demonstrate that diversion of the first 1-2 ml of blood can help to lower the blood contamination rate by capturing likely skin contaminants. Assessment of SteriPath device should approach clinical trials with the hypothesis that very low rates of contamination are achievable using diversion devices. Parul A. Patel MLS(ASCP),CCRP Dept. of Infectious Disease Research 2650 Ridge Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 ppatel@northshore.org
Ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces with continuous phase control at the nanoscale

We describe a novel class of ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces able to provide nonlinear conversion efficiencies many orders of magnitude larger than any other nonlinear flat setup previously reported. This large efficiency is achieved over subwavelength thickness, avoiding the use of cumbersome phase matching techniques. In addition, we show how such metasurfaces can be designed to provide full control over the local phase of the generated signals, opening exciting prospects for creating nonlinear reflect- and transmittarrays able to tailor the emerging wavefronts at will, with direct application in light bending, focusing, and communication systems.
Utilizing Multiple Lines of Evidence to Determine Landscape Degradation within Protected Area Landscapes: A Case Study of Chobe National Park, Botswana from 1982 to 2011

The savannas of Southern Africa are an important dryland ecosystem as they cover up to 54% of the landscape and support a rich variety of biodiversity. This paper evaluates landscape change in savanna vegetation along Chobe Riverfront within Chobe National Park Botswana, from 1982 to 2011 to understand what change may be occurring in land cover. Classifying land cover in savanna environments is challenging because the vegetation spectral signatures are similar across distinct vegetation covers. With vegetation species and even structural groups having similar signatures in multispectral imagery difficulties exist in making discrete classifications in such landscapes. To address this issue, a Random Forest classification algorithm was applied to predict land-cover classes. Additionally, time series vegetation indices were used to support the findings of the discrete land cover classification. Results indicate that a landscape level vegetation shift has occurred across the Chobe Riverfront, with results highlighting a shift in land cover towards more woody vegetation. This represents a degradation of vegetation cover within this savanna landscape environment, largely due to an increasing number of elephants and other herbivores utilizing the Riverfront. The forested area along roads at a further distance from the River has also had a loss of percent cover. The continuous analysis during 1982–2011, utilizing monthly AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values, also verifies this change in amount of vegetation is a continuous and ongoing process in this region. This study provides land use planners and managers with a more reliable, efficient and relatively inexpensive tool for analyzing land-cover change across these highly sensitive regions, and highlights the usefulness of a Random Forest classification in conjunction with time series analysis for monitoring savanna landscapes.
High-Output Heart Failure Revisited.

The syndrome of heart failure (HF) is characterized by exercise intolerance, limited by dyspnea and fatigue, and associated with neurohormonal activation and fluid retention. The primary stimulus that signals the kidney to retain salt and water is debated. In the late 1940s, Peters [(1)][1]
Why is it so difficult to classify Renazzo-type (CR) carbonaceous chondrites? – Implications from TEM observations of matrices for the sequences of aqueous alteration

Abstract A number of different classifications have been proposed for the CR chondrites; this study aims at reconciling these different schemes. Mineralogy-based classification has proved particularly challenging for weakly to moderately altered CRs because incipient mineral replacement and elemental mobilization arising from aqueous alteration only affected the most susceptible primary phases, which are generally located in the matrix. Secondary matrix phases are extremely fine-grained (generally sub-micron) and heterogeneously mixed with primary nebular materials. Compositional and isotopic classification parameters are fraught with confounding factors, such as terrestrial weathering, impact processes, and variable abundance of clasts from different regions of the CR parent body or from altogether different planetary bodies. Here, detailed TEM observations from eighteen FIB sections retrieved from the matrices of nine Antarctic CR chondrites (EET 96259, GRA 95229, GRO 95577, GRO 03116, LAP 02342, LAP 04516, LAP 04720, MIL 07525, and MIL 090001) are presented, representing a range of petrologic types. Amorphous Fe–Mg silicates are found to be the dominant phase in all but the most altered CR chondrite matrices, which still retain significant amounts of these amorphous materials. Amorphous Fe–Mg silicates are mixed with phyllosilicates at the nanometer scale. The ratio of amorphous Fe–Mg silicates to phyllosilicates decreases as: (1) the size of phyllosilicates, (2) abundance of magnetite, and (3) replacement of Fe–Ni sulfides increase. Carbonates are only abundant in the most altered CR chondrite, GRO 95577. Nanophase Fe–Ni metal and tochilinite are present small abundances in most CR matrices. Based on the presence, abundance and size of phyllosilicates with respect to amorphous Fe–Mg silicates, the sub-micron features of CR chondrites have been linked to existing classification sequences, and possible reasons for inconsistencies among classification schemes are discussed.
Limb sparing for skeletally immature patients with osteosarcoma: The expandable prosthesis

In the last decade there have been dramatic improvements in chemotherapeutic protocols for osteosarcoma and, as such, there has been a tremendous increase in the disease-free survival period [1,10,13]. Therefore many more children will survive to adulthood after successful treatment of their tumors. Limb-sparing surgery has become an acceptable alternative to amputation in adults with primary bone tumors [5]. Reconstruction of a large segmental defect with the loss of one or more growth plates in a growing child continues to pose a difficult challenge. Recent advances in the field of orthopedic bioengineering have led to the development of prostheses that are durable enough for children and can be periodically expanded to compensate for limb length discrepancy [11,16, 17, 18].
Crowdsourcing-based Urban Anomaly Prediction System for Smart Cities

Crowdsourcing has become an emerging data collection paradigm for smart city applications. A new category of crowdsourcing-based urban anomaly reporting systems have been developed to enable pervasive and real-time reporting of anomalies in cities (e.g., noise, illegal use of public facilities, urban infrastructure malfunctions). An interesting challenge in these applications is how to accurately predict an anomaly in a given region of the city before it happens. Prior works have made significant progress in anomaly detection. However, they can only detect anomalies after they happen, which may lead to significant information delay and lack of preparedness to handle the anomalies in an efficient way. In this paper, we develop a Crowdsourcing-based Urban Anomaly Prediction Scheme (CUAPS) to accurately predict the anomalies of a city by exploring both spatial and temporal information embedded in the crowdsourcing data. We evaluated the performance of our scheme and compared it to the state-of-the-art baselines using four real-world datasets collected from 311 service in the city of New York. The results showed that our scheme can predict different categories of anomalies in a city more accurately than the baselines.
Powerful Social Studies Teaching With Poetry and Primary Sources

ABSTRACTGiven the current marginalization of the social studies within elementary classrooms it is vital that elementary educators seek integrative techniques that promote the social studies. This article explores one such example of integration taught by the authors within an elementary classroom. The three-day lesson taught to fifth-grade students aimed to teach a justice-oriented conception of citizenship through the use of historical biographies, found poetry, and primary sources. By the end of the third day, the students had used both general literacy practices (e.g. shared reading, visual literacy, close reading) and disciplinary literacy (e.g. sourcing, contextualizing, corroborating), demonstrating that integration can be a powerful means to teach the social studies while also maintaining the integrity of the disciplines.
Using Force Matching To Determine Reactive Force Fields for Water under Extreme Thermodynamic Conditions.

We present a method for the creation of classical force fields for water under dissociative thermodynamic conditions by force matching to molecular dynamics trajectories from Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT). We apply our method to liquid water under dissociative conditions, where molecular lifetimes are less than 1 ps, and superionic water, where hydrogen ions diffuse at liquid-like rates through an oxygen lattice. We find that, in general, our new models are capable of accurately reproducing the structural and dynamic properties computed from DFT, as well as the molecular concentrations and lifetimes. Overall, our force-matching approach presents a relatively simple way to create classical reactive force fields for a single thermodynamic state point that largely retains the accuracy of DFT while having the potential to access experimental time and length scales.
Clinical Significance of Lupus Anticoagulant and Anti-Beta2 Glycoprotein I Antibodies in a Pediatric Cohort.

Abstract Abstract 3989 Poster Board III-925 Introduction Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) (lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (anti-B2GPI) and anti-cardiolipin) are seen in a variety of conditions, yet their clinical implication varies. In adults, some APAs cause thrombosis and/or recurrent pregnancy loss. LAs with specificity for anti-B2GPI appear to be more closely associated with thrombosis. In children, APAs are often transient after viral or bacterial illnesses and little is known about their pathologic potential. In this study, we sought to determine the clinical associations of positive LAs with and without anti-B2GPI activity. Patients and Methods: We tested remnant plasma from 115 pediatric patients with positive LA result (according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis guidelines) for anti-B2GPI IgG, IgM, and IgA using an indirect EIA supplied by REAADS (Corgenix Inc, Broomfield, CO) and reviewed the patient's medical records to correlate with the results. Results There were 61 females (53%) and 54 males (47%) with the average age of 10.6 years (range: 0.5 to 19.5 years). An underlying medical condition such as malignancy, autoimmune disorder, infection/sepsis, or concurrent thrombosis was observed in 97 patients (84%). Eighteen patients (16%) were healthy children and LA was detected incidentally during workup for a prolonged PTT. The mean age of the group with positive medical history (11.5 years; range: 0.5 to 13 years) was statistically different than that of the healthy children group which was 5.8 years (range: 0.5 to 3.75 years) (P Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Identifying Opportunities through Distinction-making

Research on entrepreneurship has burgeoned in recent years. However, our understanding of how people identify opportunities – a critical first step in the entrepreneurial process – remains relative...
Natural Theology, Evidence, and Epistemic Humility

One not infrequently hears rumors that the robust practice of natural theology reeks of epistemic pride. Paul Moser’s is a paradigm of such contempt. In this paper we defend the robust practice of natural theology from the charge of epistemic pride. In taking an essentially Thomistic approach, we argue that the evidence of natural theology should be understood as a species of God’s general self-revelation. Thus, an honest assessment of that evidence need not be prideful, but can be an act of epistemic humility, receiving what God has offered, answering God’s call. Lastly, we provide criticisms of Moser’s alternative approach, advancing a variety of philosophical and theological problems against his conception of personifying evidence.
Effects of Dextroamphetamine Sulfate on Repeated Acquisition Behavior and Mood in Humans: A Preliminary Report

The specific aim of the present investigation was the systematic assessment of the effects of nontoxic doses of orally administered dextroamphetamine sulfate on the learning behavior maintained by the repeated acquisition task in humans. Subjects were four healthy male humans ranging in age from 23 to 29 years. The participants reported to the experimental setting at a specified time for the duration of the experiment. Following assessment of physiologic parameters, subjects received either anhydrous dextrose placebo or 5, 10, or 15 milligrams (mg) dextroamphetamine sulfate. Two hours after drug administration participants returned to the experimental area where they completed two repeated acquisition sequences and two self-report scales—49 items from the Addiction Research Center Inventory and the 72-item Profile of Mood States. The 2-hour interval between drug administration and subsequent behavioral testing was necessary for assessment of peak drug effect. Learning of the behavioral chains of the repeated acquisition task, using light position as a discriminative stimulus, was characterized by a decrease in errors and an increase in response rate which was maximal at a dose of 10 mg drug. Subjective measure of drug effect on four mood clusters of the Profile of Mood States and five subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory demonstrated primarily a dose-related function.
A Retrospective Comparison of Creatinine Changes Among Patients Receiving, Not Receiving, and Not Yet Receiving Contrast Administration

Abstract Objective We sought to compare variability in serum creatinine among inpatients in our institution receiving contrast imaging studies and among inpatients not receiving such studies. Materials and Methods This retrospective, single-site, multiple-cohort study in a 550-bed academic medical center in October 2016 used the electronic medical record data to analyze the greatest absolute and relative changes in serum creatinine over periods no longer than 48 hours (1) during the admission for 1,134 patients who did not receive a contrast imaging study, (2) before the earliest contrast study for 155 patients who had not yet had a scheduled contrast examination, and (3) straddling the time when 266 patients received their earliest contrast study. We compared creatinine changes in the first cohort with those in the second and the third using histograms and t tests. Results Among those who did not receive contrast, 18.3% had a creatinine increase of greater than 0.3 mg/dL, and before contrast, 14.2% had such increases ( P = .22). After contrast, 6.4% had increases at least this great ( P P Conclusions Physiological variability may explain the similar increases among patients who did not receive contrast versus patients who had not yet received contrast. Hydration therapy may explain the milder and fewer increases after contrast. Only a randomized clinical trial can determine whether acute kidney injuries are caused by contrast; these results support equipoise for such a trial.
Contagion in social attitudes about prejudice

Members of the same household share similar social attitudes, but the source of the similarity in attitudes may be attributed to many processes. This study uses data from a randomized field experim...
T3 Induces Both Markers of Maturation and Aging in Pancreatic β-Cells

Previously, we showed that thyroid hormone (TH) triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced β-cell functional maturation through induction of Mafa High levels of T3 have been linked to decreased life span in mammals and low levels to lengthened life span, suggesting a relationship between TH and aging. Here, we show that T3 increased p16Ink4a (a β-cell senescence marker and effector) mRNA in rodent and human β-cells. The kinetics of Mafa and p16Ink4a induction suggested both genes as targets of TH via TH receptors (THRs) binding to specific response elements. Using specific agonists CO23 and GC1, we showed that p16Ink4a expression was controlled by THRA and Mafa by THRB. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and a transient transfection yielding biotinylated THRB1 or THRA isoforms to achieve specificity, we determined that THRA isoform bound to p16Ink4a , whereas THRB1 bound to Mafa but not to p16Ink4a On a cellular level, T3 treatment accelerated cell senescence as shown by increased number of β-cells with acidic β-galactosidase activity. Our data show that T3 can simultaneously induce both maturation (Mafa) and aging (p16Ink4a ) effectors and that these dichotomous effects are mediated through different THR isoforms. These findings may be important for further improving stem cell differentiation protocols to produce functional β-cells for replacement therapies in diabetes.
Measuring estrogens in women, men, and children: Recent advances 2012-2017

The measurement of estrogens is important for diagnosing and monitoring the health of women, men, and children. For example, for postmenopausal women or women undergoing treatment for breast cancer with aromatase inhibitors, the measurement of extremely low concentrations of estrogens in serum, especially estradiol, is problematic but essential for proper medical care. Achieving superb analytical sensitivity and specificity has been and continues to be a challenge for the clinical laboratory, but is a challenge that is being taken seriously. Focusing on publications from 2012 to 2017, this review will provide an overview of recent research in the development of methods to accurately and precisely measure estrogens, including a variety of estrogen metabolites. Additionally, the latest in clinical research involving estrogen measurement in women, men, and children will be presented to provide an update on the association of estrogens with diseases or conditions such as breast cancer, precocious puberty, infertility, and pregnancy. This research update will provide context as to why estrogen measurement is important and why laboratories are working hard to support the recommendations made by the Endocrine Society regarding estrogen measurement.
Recent Progress in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10

As more SCA10 families were identified, the complete phenotypic spectrum is emerging. Central to this spectrum is cerebellar ataxia, with the extracerebellar involvement being variable and dependent on different genetic backgrounds. Perhaps the most exciting and important finding in the studies of SCA10 is the novel mutation of d(ATTCT) repeat expansion which raises several important questions for geneticists. Investigation of how d(ATTCT) repeat expansion arises and maintains the stability in SCA10 families will provide insight into the fundamentals of molecular genetics, such as DNA structures, replication and stability. Equally exciting questions still remain to be answered as to why the cerebellum is particularly susceptible and what the pathogenic mechanism is. Analysis of the primary disease tissue and establishing a mouse model will surely pay off.
Sika Deer in an Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest Zone on the Boso Peninsula, Japan

Meteorological variation throughout the year causes seasonal variations (seasonality) in the availability of food resources for herbivores. This seasonality creates latitudinal and altitudinal variations not only in food habits, but also in body size (Lindstedt and Boyce 1985; Geist 1986) and reproduction (reviewed by Bronson 1989) of the herbivores within a reaction norm (Stearns and Koella 1986). As sika deer have a broad latitudinal distribution (15-45° N; Ohtaishi 1986; Whitehead 1993), by comparative studies of nutritional ecology of sika deer in each habitat they occupy we can examine how they react to seasonality as evolved through adaptive radiation from warmer habitats near the equator to colder northern habitats. We present results on deer on the Boso Peninsula in central Japan to show the influence of seasonality on their nutritional ecology.
Information Aggregation, Strategic Voting, and Institutional Design

This paper discusses the implications of strategic voting for institutional design in environments where the only role of elections is to aggregate information. We adopt a mechanism design perspective, which assumes that prior to a standard voting game, a fictitious designer has to select the optimal voting rule. We consider a rich set of designer's beliefs about voters' behavior including: strategic voting, informative voting, and level-k voting. We show that the optimal voting rule is independent of the designer's beliefs. In other words, distinct behavioral assumptions do not imply distinct institutional designs.
The Originalist and Democratic Legacy of Antonin Scalia

Carl Eric Scott introduces the symposium. He argues that Scalia's legacy will be a highly significant one and will center on his articulation of the interpretive theory of originalism and his relat...
A simplified LED-driven switch for fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry instrumentation

Abstract Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an analytical tool used to probe neurochemical processes in real-time. A major drawback for specialized applications of FSCV is that instrumentation must be constructed or modified in-house by those with expertise in electronics. One such specialized application is the newly developed fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry (FSCAV) that measures basal (tonic) in vivo dopamine and serotonin concentrations. FSCAV requires additional software and equipment (an operational amplifier coupled to a transistor-transistor logic) allowing the system to switch between applying a FSCV waveform and a constant potential to the working electrode. Herein we describe a novel, simplified switching component to facilitate the integration of FSCAV into existing FSCV instruments, thereby making this method more accessible to the community. Specifically, we employ two light emitting diodes (LEDs) to generate the voltage needed to drive a NPN bipolar junction transistor, substantially streamlining the circuitry and fabrication of the switching component. We performed in vitro and in vivo analyses to compare the new LED circuit vs. the original switch. Our data shows that the novel simplified switching component performs equally well when compared to traditional instrumentation. Thus, we present a new, simplified scheme to perform FSCAV that is cheap, simple, and easy to construct by individuals without a background in engineering and electronics.
Noncancer mortality among adolescents and young adults with cancer

Background Relative to the general population, cancer patients and survivors may have an elevated risk of mortality from noncancer causes, such as cardiovascular disease and infections, but few studies have examined rates of noncancer mortality among patients diagnosed as adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15-39 years). Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify AYA patients who were diagnosed with a first malignant cancer between 1973 and 2015. Rates of mortality from noncancer causes among AYAs with cancer were compared with those in the general US population using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), adjusted for age, sex, race, and calendar year. Results Among 235,541 AYAs with cancer, a total of 12,948 deaths from noncancer causes occurred over 3.1 million total person-years of follow-up. Overall, noncancer mortality was significantly increased among AYAs with cancer relative to the general population (SMR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.80-1.87). SMRs were particularly elevated for infectious diseases (SMR, 5.13; 95% CI, 4.95-5.32), cardiovascular disease (SMR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.50-1.60), and renal diseases (SMR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.12-2.71). These associations persisted for more than 20 years after cancer diagnosis. Cancer types associated with the highest SMRs for all noncancer mortality included leukemias (SMR, 5.26), Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 3.12), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 6.33), central nervous system tumors (SMR, 3.38), head and neck cancers (SMR, 2.09), and cervical/uterine cancers (SMR, 2.03). Conclusions AYAs with cancer have an elevated burden of mortality from noncancer causes that persists many years after cancer diagnosis, highlighting the importance of comprehensive, long-term follow-up care for noncancer conditions throughout survivorship.
β-Silyl Effects on the Stabilities of Carbanions and Carbon-Centered Radicals Derived from Ethyl Thionacetates, Diethyl Malonates, and Ethyl Acetoacetates

The effects of an α-Me3SiCH2 group on the equilibrium acidities in DMSO of the acidic C−H bonds in esters, including ethyl thionacetate, diethyl malonate, and ethyl acetoacetate, were found to diff...
Improvement in mental health following total hip arthroplasty: The role of pain and function

Mental health has been shown to improve after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Little is known about the role of pain and function in this context. We assessed whether change in mental health was associated with improvement in pain and function 1 year post-surgery. This prospective study included patients enrolled in a THA registry from 2010 to 2014. We examined the mental component score (MCS) before and 1 year post-surgery, and 1-year change, in association with Western Ontario McMaster Universities (WOMAC) pain and function scores. All scores were normalized, ranging from 0 to 100 (larger score indicating better outcome). Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Our study included 610 participants, of which 53% were women. Descriptive statistics are as follows: the average (SD) for age (years) was 68.5 (11.8), and for BMI was 26.9 (4.9). In addition, the MCS average (SD) at baseline was 44.7 (11.2), and at 1-year after THA was 47.5 (10.5). The average change from baseline to 1-year post-THA in MCS was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.9, 3.6), for an effect size of 0.26. As for the WOMAC pain score, the average change from baseline to 1-year post-THA was 44.2 (95%CI: 42.4, 46.0), for an effect size of 2.5. The equivalent change in WOMAC function was 38.1 (95% CI: 36.2, 40.0), for an effect size of 2.0. Results from multivariable analysis controlling for covariates showed that an improvement of 10 points in the 1-year change in pain score resulted in a 0.78 point (95%: CI 0.40, 1.26) increase in the 1-year change in MCS, whereas a 10-point improvement in the 1-year change in function was associated with a 0.94 point (95% CI: 0.56, 1.32) increase. Mental health significantly improved from baseline to 1-year post-THA. Greater improvement in pain and function was associated with greater improvement in mental health 1 year post-THA.
Colonial statues and their afterlives

Statumania invaded Algeria after the 1840s, and later affected Tunisia. Through an art form that contradicted local values, it conveyed charged messages about colonialism and its various missions. ...
Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrogenolysis of Pyridine Dicarbene Iron Dialkyl Complexes

Two methods for the synthesis of bis(imidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine iron dialkyl complexes, (CNC)Fe(CH2SiMe3)2, have been developed. The first route consists of addition of 2 equiv of LiCH2SiMe3 to the iron dihalide complex (CNC)FeBr2, while the second relies on addition of the free CNC ligand to the readily prepared (py)2Fe(CH2SiMe3)2 (py = pyridine). With aryl-substituted CNC ligands, octahedral complexes of the type (ArCNC)Fe(CH2SiMe3)2(N2) (ArCNC = bis(arylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine) were isolated, where the dinitrogen ligand occupies the site trans to the pyridine of the CNC chelate. In contrast, the alkyl-substituted variant (tBuACNC)Fe(CH2SiMe3)2 (tBuACNC = 2,6-(tBu-imidazol-2-ylidene)2pyridine) was isolated as the five-coordinate compound lacking dinitrogen. Exposure of the (ArCNC)Fe(CH2SiMe3)2(N2) derivatives to an H2 atmosphere resulted in formation of the corresponding iron hydride complexes (ArCNC)FeH4. These compounds catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange between the deuterated benzene solvent an...
The Value of Persistent Value.

In this issue of Neuron, Bari et al. (2019) show that neurons in medial frontal cortex, but not a nearby premotor area, encode the relative value of available options with long-lasting persistent activity states during naturalistic foraging. These long-lasting activity states serve to preferentially guide choices to more likely rewarded options.
Matrix Metalloproteinses-13 (Collagenase-3) Secreted by Multiple Myeloma Cells Enhances the Bone Resorptive Activity of Osteoclasts.

Abstract 2853 Poster Board II-829 Introduction: Osteolytic bone disease is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma (MM) that is characterized by reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. MM cells produce several cytokines causing dysregulation of the bone remodeling process that results in excessive bone resorption mediated by activated osteoclasts (OCLs). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a critical role in tumor invasion and progression in many solid tumors such as breast cancer but the role of MMPs in MM has have not been well elucidated. Methods and Results: We analyzed the MMP expression profiles (MMP1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 13) of MM cells and found very high expression (400-fold higher) of MMP13 compared to other MMPs. Tissue array analysis for MMP-13 expression in MM tumor samples and normal control tissue indicated that MMP13 was only highly expressed in MM tumor samples. ELISA analysis of serum samples revealed a positive correlation of MMP13 expression with MM bone disease. MMP13 was not detectable in the sera of healthy donors, whereas 62% of MM patients expressed MMP13 in their serum samples, among which 87% had extensive bone disease. Co-culture of MM cells with primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) resulted in a significant ( P <0.001) increase (up to 14-fold) of MMP13 secretion by MM cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of MMP13 gene in MM cells was markedly enhanced by BMSC conditioned medium, suggesting that BMSC-secreted soluble factors, instead of direct cellular interactions, induce MMP13. Functional inactivation of different cytokines with neutralizing antibodies identified IL-6 as a critical cytokine for the induction of MMP13. Electromobility shift assays showed that IL-6 mediated AP-1 activation promotes MMP13 transcription. Importantly, MMP13 significantly enhanced o steoclastic bone resorption on dentin slices induced by RANKL plus M-CSF. However, the strong induction of bone resorption was not derived from increased OCL formation since MMP13 only slightly increased OCL numbers. MMP13 significantly increased the OCL size as well as the nuclear number/OCL which increases the bone resorption activity per osteoclast. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MMP13 augments the pathogenic process of osteolytic lesions in MM by increasing the bone resorption capacity/OCL. These results suggest that targeting MMP13 may represent a novel approach to ameliorate osteolytic lesions in MM. Disclosures: Roodman: Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Acceleron: Consultancy. Lentzsch: Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy.
Removal of Estrogenic Compounds from Water Via Energy Efficient Sequential Electrocoagulation-Electrooxidation

The purpose of this study was to investigate energy reduction using electrocoagulation (EC) followed by electrooxidation (EO) targeting initial removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during EC a...
Brief Report: Preliminary Efficacy of a Judo Program to Promote Participation in Physical Activity in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

To examine the preliminary efficacy of an 8-week judo program to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Fourteen children diagnosed with ASD participated in a weekly judo program over a period of 8 weeks. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer to measure activity levels at baseline and post-judo. All 14 children attended at least 75% of the 8 judo classes. Percentage of time spent in daily MVPA (8% vs 4%, p = .05) increased following the intervention. A high rate of participation and an increase in time spent in MVPA was observed following the 8-week program. Further research to examine causal mechanisms is warranted.
Visualizing Number: Instruction for Number System Knowledge in Second-Grade Classrooms

Number system knowledge (NSK) is broadly defined as the understanding of number relationships and is an essential mathematics skill for young elementary school-aged students. NSK instruction that e...
Intravascular ultrasonography provides more sensitive detection of subclavian vein stenosis than venography in patients presenting with Paget-Schroetter syndrome.

Abstract Objective Spontaneous subclavian vein (SCV) thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter syndrome [PSS]) has been attributed to venous compression at the thoracic outlet and traditionally diagnosed using venography. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) allows for a multidimensional view of vascular structures and might be more accurate in revealing venous compression. The goal of the present study was to compare venography and IVUS in patients presenting with PSS to assess the relative accuracy of each modality. Methods Patients presenting for evaluation of PSS from 2013 to 2019 were evaluated for SCV compression using venography and IVUS. Venography and IVUS measurements of stenosis were performed of the index and contralateral limbs in both neutral and stress (arm overhead) positions. The IVUS data included the SCV diameters in the anteroposterior (AP) plane, craniocaudal (CC) plane, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Stenosis was reported as the percentage of reduction from a reference point (lateral margin of the first rib) for the venography and IVUS data. Results For the 35 subjects, the average age was 35 years, 57% were women, 20% had presented with a documented pulmonary embolus, and 70% had initially been treated with thrombolysis. Venography demonstrated SCV occlusion in 3 patients (16%) with the index limb in the neutral position and in 18 patients (54%) with the limb in the stress position. The average stenosis in the index limbs was 41.5% (venography), and the average IVUS stenosis was 41.9% (CC), 61.8% (AP), and 74.5% (CSA; P Conclusions IVUS proved more sensitive than venography in detecting significant stenosis leading to SCV thrombosis. A reduction in the CSA was the most sensitive measure of stenosis. IVUS identified significant stenosis in patients in whom venography failed to do so. The greatest utility of IVUS is in the evaluation of patients with PSS in whom venography shows no evident compression.
Skincare in Social Media: Analyzing Prominent Themes in Online Dermatologic Discussions.

Introduction: As the size and influence of online dermatologic communities have developed significantly in recent years, literature concerning the relationship between social media and dermatology grows more important. One community of interest is r/SkincareAddiction, a forum of over 1.2 million members on Reddit that serves as both a support group and discussion aggregator sourcing information from multiple social media platforms. Methods: This study reports on the qualitative analysis of 300 highly engaged posts to identify prominent themes in online dermatologic discussions and determine the extent of multiplatform interaction between Reddit and other dermatology-relevant social networks. Results: Results of an inductive analysis indicate discussions place an emphasis on communicating advice and improving general wellbeing, comprising 71% of measured posts. However, a large portion of this counsel lacks evidence and pseudoscientific recommendations are often accepted as factual. Additionally, 31% of entries were drawn from alternative social media sites. Conclusion: Assessing the prevalent points of discussion in dermatology-relevant communities can inform clinical practice and reveal alternative methods to advance the delivery of care. As patients increasingly seek health advice and support online, developing digital literacy in common dermatologic trends offers a unique opportunity to improve communication, disseminate evidence-based counsel, and combat misinformation in both clinical and online settings.
Factors affecting the vacancy formation energy in Fe70Ni10Cr20 random concentrated alloy

Abstract Due to the randomness in the local atomic environment, the vacancy formation energy in concentrated solid-solution alloys exhibits substantial variations. While the variations have often been attributed to the local composition in the first nearest neighbor (1NN) shell, large variations are seen to persist even when the 1NN compositions are fixed, indicating contributions of other factors. In this study, extensive density functional theory calculations are carried out on two different special quasi-random structures (SQSs) in Fe70Ni10Cr20, each consisting of 256 atoms, to investigate the contributions of various factors that may influence the vacancy formation energy. We observe that the vacancy formation energy is dependent on not only the 1NN composition but also equally the arrangement of 1NN atoms. In particular, we find that the vacancy formation energy can vary up to 0.44 eV even if the composition of the 1NN is fixed and only the relative positions of the twelve 1NN atoms are exchanged. Further, we find that the atomic relaxation and volume of a vacancy before and after vacancy formation can also significantly influence the vacancy formation energy. Finally, we find a negligible influence of second nearest neighbors and their arrangement on the vacancy formation energy.
Exploring private land conservation non-adopters' attendance at outreach events in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA.

Background Outreach events such as trainings, demonstrations, and workshops are important opportunities for encouraging private land operators to adopt voluntary conservation practices. However, the ability to understand the effectiveness of such events at influencing conservation behavior is confounded by the likelihood that attendees are already interested in conservation and may already be adopters. Understanding characteristics of events that draw non-adopters can aid in designing events and messaging that are better able to reach beyond those already interested in conservation. Methods For this study, we interviewed 101 operators of private agricultural lands in Maryland, USA, and used descriptive statistics and qualitative comparative analysis to investigate differences between the kinds of outreach events that adopters and non-adopters attended. Results Our results suggested that non-adopters, as compared to adopters, attended events that provided production-relevant information and were logistically easy to attend. Further, non-adopters were more selective when reading advertisements, generally preferring simplicity. Future research and outreach can build on these findings by experimentally testing the effectiveness of messages that are simple and relevant to farmers' production priorities.
Spiking Neural Networks in Spintronic Computational RAM

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent a biologically inspired computation model capable of emulating neural computation in human brain and brain-like structures. The main promise is very low energy consumption. Classic Von Neumann architecture based SNN accelerators in hardware, however, often fall short of addressing demanding computation and data transfer requirements efficiently at scale. In this article, we propose a promising alternative to overcome scalability limitations, based on a network of in-memory SNN accelerators, which can reduce the energy consumption by up to 150.25= when compared to a representative ASIC solution. The significant reduction in energy comes from two key aspects of the hardware design to minimize data communication overheads: (1) each node represents an in-memory SNN accelerator based on a spintronic Computational RAM array, and (2) a novel, De Bruijn graph based architecture establishes the SNN array connectivity.
The Last Years

The Last Years. Whitman on himself as an American poet, “Specimen Days,” “A Backward Glance O’er Travel’d Roads,” “You Lingering Sparse Leaves of Me,” “Old Age’s Lambent Peaks,” “After the Supper and Talk,” “The Dismantled Ship,” and others. Strokes in 1888, with death in 1892. The funeral procession and burial.
Health Education Faces the Future

(1958). Health Education Faces the Future. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 31-32.
Novel Radiotracer for ImmunoPET Imaging of PD-1 Checkpoint Expression on Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Immune checkpoint signaling through the programmed death 1 (PD-1) axis to its ligand (PD-L1) significantly dampens anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors that block this suppressive signaling have exhibited objective response rates of 20-40% for advanced solid tumors, lymphomas, and malignant melanomas. This represents a tremendous advance in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, all patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade. Recent findings suggest that patients with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expressing PD-1 may be most likely to respond to αPD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. There is a compelling need for diagnostic and prognostic imaging tools to assess the PD-1 status of TILs in vivo. Here we have developed a novel immunoPET tracer to image PD-1 expressing TILs in a transgenic mouse model bearing melanoma. A (64)Cu labeled anti-mouse antibody (IgG) PD-1 immuno positron emission tomography (PET) tracer was developed to detect PD-1 expressing murine TILs. Quality control of the tracer showed >95% purity by HPLC and >70% immunoreactivity in an in vitro cell binding assay. ImmunoPET scans were performed over 1-48 h on Foxp3+.LuciDTR4 mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. Mice receiving anti-PD-1 tracer (200 ± 10 μCi/10-12 μg/200 μL) revealed high tracer uptake in lymphoid organs and tumors. BLI images of FoxP3(+) CD4(+) Tregs known to express PD-1 confirmed lymphocyte infiltration of tumors at the time of PET imaging. Biodistribution measurements performed at 48 h revealed a high (11×) tumor to muscle uptake ratio of the PET tracer (p < 0.05). PD-1 tumors exhibited 7.4 ± 0.7%ID/g tracer uptake and showed a 2× fold signal decrease when binding was blocked by unlabeled antibody. To the best of our knowledge this data is the first report to image PD-1 expression in living subjects with PET. This radiotracer has the potential to assess the prognostic value of PD-1 in preclinical models of immunotherapy and may ultimately aid in predicting response to therapies targeting immune checkpoints.