cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Minimalist Approach toward Protein Recognition by Epitope Transfer from Functionally Evolved β-Sheet Surfaces

New approaches for identifying small molecules that specifically target protein surfaces as opposed to active site clefts are of much current interest. Toward this goal, we describe a three-step methodology: in step one, we target a protein of interest by directed evolution of a small beta-sheet scaffold; in step two, we identify residues on the scaffold that are implicated in binding; and in step three, we transfer the chemical information from the beta-sheet to a small molecule mimic. As a case study, we targeted the proteolytic enzyme thrombin, involved in blood coagulation, utilizing a library of beta-sheet epitopes displayed on phage that were previously selected for conservation of structure. We found that the thrombin-binding, beta-sheet displaying mini-proteins retained their structure and stability while inhibiting thrombin at low micromolar inhibition constants. A conserved dityrosine recognition motif separated by 9.2 A was found to be common among the mini-protein inhibitors and was further verified by alanine scanning. A molecule containing two tyrosine residues separated by a linker that matched the spacing on the beta-sheet scaffold inhibited thrombin, whereas a similar dityrosine molecule separated by a shorter 6 A linker could not. Moreover, kinetic analysis revealed that both the mini-protein as well as its minimalist mimic with only two functional residues exhibited noncompetitive inhibition of thrombin. Thus, this reductionist approach affords a simple methodology for transferring information from structured protein scaffolds to yield small molecule leads for targeting protein surfaces with novel mechanisms of action.
ATOMIC DATA AND SPECTRAL LINE INTENSITIES FOR HIGHLY IONIZED TUNGSTEN (Co-LIKE W47+TO Rb-LIKE W37+) IN A HIGH-TEMPERATURE, LOW-DENSITY PLASMA

Calculated transition wavelengths, oscillator strengths, and collisional-radiative line intensities are presented for the 11 tungsten (Z = 74) ions from Co-like W{sup 47+} to Rb-like W{sup 37+}. Fully relativistic, ab initio calculations have been carried out for the ion structure in each case, and a detailed collisional-radiative model has been constructed. Electric and magnetic dipole and quadrupole (E1, M1, E2, and M2) transitions are considered, and references are given to continuing experiments where the present tungsten emission features may be observed. These studies are of interest to the fusion community.
Cell lineage analysis of neural induction: Origins of cells forming the induced nervous system

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as an intracellular lineage tracer in two experiments designed to reveal the sites of origin of cells that formed the duplicate embryo which developed in relation to an organizer grafted in the ventral marginal zone (VMZ) of Xenopus laevis embryos. In the first experiment a dorsal blastoporal lip fully labeled with HRP was grafted in the VMZ of an unlabeled embryo at the beginning of gastrulation. This resulted in development of a second embryo in which labeled cells, of graft origin, formed the notochord, and parts of the somites, endoderm, and neural tube. The second experiment was designed to show the sites of origin of the host's cells that formed parts of the induced embryo. HRP was injected into individual blastomeres in a series of Xenopus embryos at the 32-cell stage and each embryo received an unlabeled organizer graft in the VMZ at the beginning of gastrulation. In these embryos the lineages that contributed to the host's primary neural tube did not contribute any cells to the induced neural tube. All the cells in the induced neural tube which originated from the host were descendants of ventral blastomeres that did not contribute to the neural tube normally. This shows that the second neural tube is formed as a result of the action of the organizer on cells in its immediate vicinity which would not normally have entered neural pathways of differentiation.
Export of manure phosphorus and nitrogen in turfgrass sod.

Regulatory mandates have increased demand for best management practices (BMPs) that will reduce nutrient loading on watersheds impaired by excess manure P and N. Export of manure P and N in turfgrass sod harvests is one BMP under consideration. This study quantified amounts and percentages of P and N removed in a sod harvest for different rates of manure and inorganic P and N. Six treatments comprised an unfertilized control, two manure rates with and without supplemental inorganic N, and inorganic P and N only. The treatments were applied to 'Tifway' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey), '609' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], and 'Reveille' bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr. × P. pratensis L.) under field conditions. Comparisons among treatments revealed small variations of P and N content in clippings and the plant component of sod, but large variations in the soil component of sod for each turf species. In addition, 2 to 10 times more P and 1.3 to 5 times more N was removed in soil than in plant components of sod for the two manure rates with and without added inorganic N. Percentages of applied P and N in harvested sod were similar for the two manure rates with and without added N for each species, but differed among turf species for each P (46 to 77%) and N (36 to 47%). The large amounts and percentages of manure P and N removed by sod harvest support the feasibility of this BMP in efforts to reduce nutrient loads on watersheds.
Asanguinous hypothermic liver perfusion in dogs.

Abstract An original, simplified, and consistently reproducible technique for isolation and perfusion of the canine liver in vivo was developed after experimentation upon over 60 dogs. The hepatic outflow was isolated by use of an intracaval shunt and creation of a chamber containing pure hepatic effluent surrounding the shunt. This is accomplished through an abdominal approach. The need for heparinization and extracorporeal circulation has been eliminated. The procedure is free from systemic admixture as assessed by BSP determination. Regional hepatic hypothermia is maintained at 14°C. to 16°C. without systemic hypothermia. Contamination with blood is reduced to less than 1 cc. per minute (hematocrit of the effluent is consistently less than 1%) after the washout. Hepatic outflow block was not observed either during or after perfusion. Hypotension did not follow revascularization in perfusions lasting up to 90 minutes. Mild hypotension followed perfusions up to 180 minutes but was spontaneously reversed without the need for vasopressors. Eleven of 15 dogs survived after being perfused between 60 and 90 minutes. Three of 6 dogs survived after being perfused 120 minutes. Death could be attributed to hepatic failure in the dogs perfused for longer periods of time.
Structural Stability of the Rotary Door Myocutaneous Flap

This canine study examines the structural stability of extensive laryngotracheal reconstruction with the sternohyoid myocutaneous rotary door flap (RDF) and modifications of the RDF with subdermal collagen and collagen hydroxyapatite matrix. The postreconstruction stability of the RDF and these modifications were tested and compared by measuring immediate postmortem airway stability during application of negative intraluminal pressures. Comparisons between controls and experimental specimens demonstrated that the RDF provides structural stability to secure airway patency under physiologic pressures. Biocompatible matrix adds further structural support in maintenance of the reconstructed lumen. This study validates that the RDF provides adequate rigid support for extensive laryngotracheal reconstruction without the requirement of skeletal support.
Soldier –Robot Teams: Six Years of Research:

US Army researchers and support contractors are involved in a multi-year effort to understand the impact of human-robot interaction (HRI) and teaming for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in future and current Army conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to summarize human–robotic principles derived from these programs. The principles cover both problems and solutions evaluated over the more than six years of experimentation. We discuss the implications of Soldier teaming, survivability, multitasking, automation and the importance of individual differences for HRI. Mitigation strategies related to individual differences and training regimens are discussed. We also explicate results related to multimodal interfaces and adaptive systems.
Non-linear free transverse vibration of thin rotating discs:

AbstractAn analytical method is adopted to determine modal characteristics of non-linear spinning discs. The disc is assumed to be isotropic and rotating under steady-state conditions. The effects of amplitude and rotating speed on natural frequencies are determined. The developed procedure is also capable of analysing natural frequencies of linear free vibration, which is independent of amplitude. Attention is confined to determine natural frequencies, mode shapes, stress distributions, and critical speeds for different numbers of nodal diameters. The developed procedure does not consider modes of vibration corresponding to nodal circles. Validity of this procedure is verified by comparing some of the computed results with those established for certain cases.
A “Manhattan Project” for climate change?

Climate change is a chronic yet unprecedented threat to civilization. Large scale abatement of greenhouse-gas emissions would require not only replacing carbon-intensive fuels (like coal and oil) with low-emission or carbon-free energy alternatives, but also replacing much of the infrastructure that uses primary and secondary energy. As a political issue, the scale of the problem makes carbon mitigation unique and difficult to resolve. Its chronic nature is another obstacle to implementation of policy in the near term. It would take decades to displace fossil fuels even if the technologies to do so were available. Furthermore, disagreement has arisen on whether currently available technologies are sufficient to significantly reduce emissions over the next several decades (Pacala and Socolow 2004; Hoffert et al. 2002). The notion of developing new technologies before mandating emissions reductions has gained currency in response to these complexities. The Bush Administration climate policy favors this line of thinking, rejecting any Kyoto-style arrangement involving mandatory targets and proposing the development of new technologies as an alternative (Bush 2005). Here we argue that such approaches are based on the misconception that innovations needed for carbon mitigation can be effectively and efficiently developed without carbon regulations. One concrete version of the “technology first” view has been expressed almost daily by scientists, political leaders, and others: Global warming problem can be solved in a timely fashion only through a crash research and development program similar to the Manhattan Project (Clinton 2005; Friedman 2005) or Apollo Project (See http://www.appolloalliance. org). The target of a “Manhattan Project” on Climate Change would be low-carbon technologies for energy generation and use. A common rationale for this approach is that the fossil-fueled greenhouse effect cannot be regulated away, an assertion that ignores the potential affect of regulation on innovation. Climatic Change (2007) 80:199–204 DOI 10.1007/s10584-006-9202-7
Validation of a precision radiochromic film dosimetry system for quantitative two-dimensional imaging of acute exposure dose distributions.

We present an evaluation of the precision and accuracy of image-based radiochromic film (RCF) dosimetry performed using a commercial RCF product (Gafchromic MD-55-2, Nuclear Associates, Inc.) and a commercial high-spatial resolution (100 μm pixel size) He–Ne scanning-laser film-digitizer (Personal Densitometer,Molecular Dynamics, Inc.) as an optical density (OD) imaging system. The precision and accuracy of this dosimetry system are evaluated by performing RCF imagingdosimetry in well characterized conformal external beam and brachytherapy high dose-rate (HDR) radiation fields. Benchmarking of image-based RCF dosimetry is necessary due to many potential errors inherent to RCF dosimetry including: a temperature-dependent time evolution of RCF dose response; nonuniform response of RCF; and optical-polarization artifacts. In addition, laser-densitometer imaging artifacts can produce systematic OD measurement errors as large as 35% in the presence of high OD gradients. We present a RCF exposure and readout protocol that was developed for the accurate dosimetry of high dose rate (HDR) radiationsources. This protocol follows and expands upon the guidelines set forth by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 55 report. Particular attention is focused on the OD imaging system, a scanning-laser film digitizer, modified to eliminate OD artifacts that were not addressed in the AAPM Task Group 55 report. RCF precision using this technique was evaluated with films given uniform 6 MV x-ray doses between 1 and 200 Gy. RCF absolute dose accuracy using this technique was evaluated by comparing RCF measurements to small volume ionization chamber measurements for conformal external-beam sources and an experimentally validated Monte Carlo photon-transport simulation code for a 192 Ir brachytherapysource. Pixel-to-pixel standard deviations of uniformly irradiated films were less than 1% for doses between 10 and 150 Gy; between 1% and 5% for lower doses down to 1 Gy and 1% and 1.5% for higher doses up to 200 Gy. Pixel averaging to form 200–800 μm pixels reduces these standard deviations by a factor of 2 to 5. Comparisons of absolute dose show agreement within 1.5%–4% of dose benchmarks, consistent with a highly accurate dosimeter limited by its observed precision and the precision of the dose standards to which it is compared. These results provide a comprehensive benchmarking of RCF, enabling its use in the commissioning of novel HDR therapy sources.
Magnetically Conjugate Observations of the Radio Aurora

OBSERVATIONS of magnetically conjugate phenomena at auroral latitudes have been made with measuring instruments conjugately located in the north and south hemispheres and including magnetometers, riometers, balloon-borne X-ray detectors, photometers and all-sky cameras, both fixed and airborne1,2. These measurements have shown that there can be close correspondence between magnetic variations, precipitating particle fluxes and optical emissions at conjugate locations.
In vitro effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha on the biological characteristics of the SiHa uterine cervix cancer cell line.

Introduction: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) regulates the transcription of many genes involved in key aspects of cancer biology. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of HIF-1α on the biological characteristics of the uterine cervix cancer (UCC) cell line SiHa, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and migration under normoxia and hypoxia. Methods: Full-length HIF-1α (fL HIF-1α) and dominant-negative HIF-1α (dn HIF-1α) were transfected into UCC SiHa cells. The expression of HIF-1α and its targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and human growth and transformation-dependent protein (HGTD-P) was detected by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were surveyed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling staining, and scratching test. Results: The expression of HIF-1α increased in fL HIF-1α but not in dn HIF-1α SiHa cells. Consistently, the expression of HIF-1α target genes such as VEGF, CXCR4, and HGTD-P increased in fL HIF-1α-transfected SiHa cells but decreased in dn HIF-1α-transfected SiHa cells. The UCC cells transfected with fL HIF-1α had increased cellular proliferation and migration. However, the inhibition of HIF-1α through dn HIF-1α attenuated cell proliferation and migration under both normoxia and hypoxia. Conclusions: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α affects the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of UCC SiHa cells in part by regulating the expression of its target genes such as VEGF, HGTD-P, and CXCR4. Targeting HIF-1α may be a promising strategy for molecular therapy for UCC.
Covalent coupling of polyacrylic acid coated magnetic-nanoparticles to multi-wall carbon nanotubes for manipulation targets

This research effort investigated the chemical heterojunction between magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Here, magnetic nanoparticles were covalently attached to open-ended nanotubes in the presence of diclohexylcarbodiiimide. Initial evidence demonstrated that short functionalised multi-wall nanotubes can be continuously connected at their terminals ends to build-up relatively large nanostructures. It has also been shown that magnetic-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) systems exhibited defined arrangements due to the influence of magnetic fields. Indeed, linear arrays of CNTs interconnected through magnetic nanoparticles were prone to be manipulated in the presence of a magnetic device. A potential application of these kind of magnetic nanostructures was shown here by successfully manipulating agarose beads in a buffer solution. These results suggest that the use of continuously connected magnetic nanostructures with non-modified sidewall surfaces will fin...
SYMPTOMS OF PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN HOME VIDEOS OF PREDIAGNOSTIC INFANTS AND TODDLERS. † 99

SYMPTOMS OF PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN HOME VIDEOS OF PREDIAGNOSTIC INFANTS AND TODDLERS. † 99
Gravity-spreading origin of the Heart Mountain allochthon, northwestern Wyoming

Field studies of the Heart Mountain detachment and overlying volcanic rocks reveal that “autochthonous” Eocene volcanic rocks previously reported as postdating faulting are tectonically emplaced and, in many places, far traveled. Evidence of tectonic deformation of these volcanic rocks is documented in areas where volcanic rocks directly overlie the detachment, as well as at structurally higher levels within the allochthon. Such evidence includes shearing, brecciation, and faulting of volcanic rocks, and tilting and truncation of volcanic strata. This widespread deformation casts doubt concerning earlier suggestions that volcanic rocks were deposited upon the detachment and upon numerous detached slide blocks after detachment faulting. In light of these new data, the upper plate of the Heart Mountain detachment is interpreted as having been a single, continuous allochthon composed largely of volcanic rocks, rather than as having consisted of numerous separate slide blocks as was previously envisioned. Crosscutting relationships between dikes and faults within the allochthon suggest that allochthon emplacement occurred coeval with volcanism and, contrary to earlier suggestions, need not have been catastrophic. The mechanism of emplacement of the allochthon, which once may have covered >3,400 km 2 , is viewed in terms of gravity-induced spreading on the flanks of an active volcanic field. Kinematic data indicate that transport of the allochthon was locally directed to the north, northeast, east, and southeast, generally away from active volcanoes, as well as downslope toward the Bighorn Basin. Transport was accompanied by variably directed extension of the allochthon, accommodated by normal, oblique-normal, and strike-slip faults, tilting of fault-bounded blocks within the allochthon, and dike intrusion.
Heme Protein−Clay Films: Direct Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Catalysis

Stable protein−clay films were fabricated by casting an aqueous dispersion of protein and clay on pyrolytic graphite electrodes. Myoglobin (Mb), hemoglobin (Hb), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in clay films gave a pair of well defined, quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks at about −0.28 V vs SCE in pH 5.5 buffers, characteristic of the protein heme FeIII/FeII redox couples. Square wave voltammograms (SWV) of the protein−clay films gave good fits by nonlinear regression analysis to a model that featured thin-layer SWV and formal potential dispersion, providing average apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants, ks, and average formal potentials, E°‘. UV−vis and reflectance absorption infrared spectra showed that the proteins in clay films retained near-native secondary structures. X-ray diffraction revealed that Mb−clay and Hb−clay films feature ordered layered structures with Mb and Hb intercalated between clay layers. Incorporated HRP induced disorder in the clay films. Oxygen, trich...
Prescribed fire and mechanical thinning effects on bark beetle caused tree mortality in a mid-elevation Sierran mixed-conifer forest

We assessed tree mortality caused by bark beetles in a mixed-conifer forest in the central Sierra Nevada in response to fire and mechanical treatments. The treatments were: (1) no treatment, (2) prescribed fire, (3) mechanical (crown thinning-from-below followed by rotary mastication), and (4) mechanical followed by prescribed fire. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) mortality caused by the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) mortality caused by mountain pine beetle (D. ponderosae Hopkins), and white fir (Abies concolor Gord. and Glend) mortality caused by the fir engraver beetle (Scolytus ventralis LeConte) was assessed pre-treatments, one-year post-treatments, and three years post-treatments. For the duration of the study, bark beetle caused mortality across all treatments for each tree species was less than 7%. Bark beetle-caused mortality of small and medium white firs increased in treatments that included fire, and bark beetle-caused mortality of medium size sugar pines was elevated in the fire only treatment compared with other treatments. Our results indicate that mechanical treatments cause little risk of mortality to residual trees from bark beetles in the short term. The higher secondary mortality in the small and medium size white firs in both fire treatments can be considered a benefit in overly dense mixed conifer forests where the understory is dominated by shade-tolerant white firs.
Can Semantic Enrichment Lead to Naming in a Word Extension Task

Purpose This study examined the relationship between semantic enrichment and naming in children asked to extend taught words to untrained exemplars. Method Sixteen typically developing children (M ...
A Pilot Study to Prevent Hearing Loss in Farmers

ABSTRACT Objective: Determine the feasibility and outcome of a pilot program to increase farm workers' use of hearing protection when performing activities with high noise exposure. Design: The study was a quasi-experimental study. Sample: Eight intervention farmers and 17 comparison farmers participated in the study. Measures: Before and after the intervention, farmers completed a survey to identify their frequency of use of hearing protection, and their beliefs about hearing loss and use of hearing protection. Intervention: The intervention consisted of noise assessments, educational sessions, mailed reminders with brochures, and placement of hearing protection on the farm. Results: The intervention was effective in increasing the use of hearing protection 1 and 2 months after the implementation of the program. Conclusions: Hearing loss is a serious problem with farmers, and yet many farmers neglect to protect their hearing with the use of protection. The pilot study findings indicate that efforts to increase the use of hearing protection by farmers can be effective.
Particles in fluid inclusions from Yellowstone National Park—Bacteria?

Micrometre-sized particles resembling microorganisms have been found in liquid-rich fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz crystals from a research drill hole in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The particles are moving, apparently in Brownian motion. The 1-2-mm-long quartz crystals were obtained from fractures in late Pleistocene rhyolite at depths of 59.5,102.1, and 102.5 m. The measured temperature and pressure at 102.1 m, where about 99% of the moving particles were found, were about 190 °C and 1.24 MPa, respectively. Homogenization temperatures (190–280 °C) of fluid inclusions at this depth mostly exceed measured temperatures, which suggests that the fluid inclusions probably did not form under present-day conditions. Instead, the fluid inclusions probably formed ⩾45 000–14 000 B.P. at a much higher pressure owing to the weight of at least 490 m of glacial ice. Only 3 of the more than 200 quartz crystals examined contain up to several hundred rodlike, threadlike, or irregular-shaped moving particles. Fluid inclusions in 17 other quartz crystals each contain one or two moving particles that were observed only because of their continuous Brownian motion.
Clinical Implications for the Expressions of Self and Identity in Adolescent Psychotherapy: Case Studies of a Vampiress and a Gangster

Self and identity are examined as significant complementary processes in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of two adolescent patients. The distinction between these processes is underscored as emergent from neuropsychological developmental changes while being expressed within a shared unconscious process. These cases examined how the analyst and patients fostered their co-constructed potential space for therapeutic transformation. Each patient had adopted compensatory identities in response to profound psychic conflict. The treatments explored the function of their identities as objectified processes to cope with psychic trauma while also addressing an essential respect for the subjectivity of self as a vehicle for psychological truth.
Contributions of the low-latitude boundary layer to the finite width magnetotail convection model

The finite tail width model of magnetotail plasma sheet convection has been extended in order to characterize the steady-state convection process. The model assumes uniform plasma sources and accounts for both the duskward gradient/curvature drift and the earthward E x B drift of ions in a 2D magnetic geometry. A secondary source of plasma originating in the dawnside low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) is added. Model results show that the LLBL may be a significant source of near-tail central plasma sheet plasma during periods of weak convection; a cross-tail pressure gradient from dawn to dusk is predicted in the near magnetotail.
NEURONAL CONTROL OF CELLULAR HEAT SHOCK RESPONSE IN NEMATODES

![Figure][1] Temperature is one of the most pervasive factors that affect biological systems. Thus, it is not surprising that almost all organisms have evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to changes in environmental temperature. Indeed, the ability to seek out optimal temperatures for
A comparison of standardized versus "usual" blood pressure measurements in hemodialysis patients.

Hypertension is very common and contributes to the high cardiovascular morbidity in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis therapy. However, the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in this population has not been well studied. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 270 patients at seven outpatient hemodialysis units. Predialysis and postdialysis seated blood pressure readings obtained by the dialysis unit using automated blood pressure monitors were significantly higher than readings obtained by a research nurse following standard procedures for blood pressure measurement (14.3/7 mm Hg higher predialysis; P < 0.01; 13.6/4.4 mm Hg higher postdialysis; P < 0.05). In 55% of patients, the postdialysis systolic blood pressure measured in the dialysis unit was at least 10 mm Hg higher than the standard reading. Bland-Altman analyses indicated poor agreement between the two readings. This study shows a marked discrepancy between routine dialysis unit and standardized blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure is frequently overestimated by routine dialysis unit readings. In light of these findings, efforts should be made to standardize blood pressure readings in hemodialysis units based on American Heart Association recommendations for blood pressure measurement.
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, as an inhibitor of HIV replication

Indomethacin, a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Although indomethacin has also been used as an immunopotentiator and symptomatic NSAID in AIDS, its effect on HIV replication is unknown. MT-4 lymphocytes were inoculated with HIV in the presence of indomethacin and tested for p24 expression by ELISA. The 50% inhibition (IC50) was 10 μM, corresponding to plasma levels after administration of 50 mg oral indomethacin. The antiviral effect appears to be specific since no toxicity has been observed at the IC50 dose, and unrelated NSAIDs have not shown the activity at clinical doses. Indomethacin may, thus, represent a new class of anti-HIV drug.
Multiresolution analysis for efficient, high precision all-electron density-functional calculations

Multiresolution analysis of electronic structure affords the opportunity to capture the full physics of atomic cores in a systematically improvable manner. Applying techniques, we demonstrate that multiresolution analysis of all-electron calculations within density-functional theory can be carried out to a high precision with a computational effort comparable to that of the corresponding plane-wave pseudopotential calculation, which neither captures the full core physics nor is systematically improvable. With this approach, we present calculations of paramagnetic core-level shifts where local-density-functional theory is the sole uncontrolled approximation.
Comparison of two techniques to isolate microvascular endothelial cells from the omentum.

The purpose of the study was to compare two different techniques for isolation of omental microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Segments of unreinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts, 9 cm long and 6 mm in diameter, were implanted in 22 dogs as an aortic interposition. Fourteen grafts were seeded with a mean of 7 × 105 viable ECs, derived from the microvessels of the omentum: eight grafts (group A) were seeded with ECs obtained by collagenase digestion and by filtration through a pore mesh; six grafts (group B) were seeded with ECs obtained by collagenase digestion and by Percoll gradient separation. In eight grafts (group C), the ECs were not added to the preclot mixture and served as a control. Animals were sacrificed 5 weeks after surgery. The percentage of thrombus-free area was 65 ± 22% for group A grafts and 74 ± 15% for group B grafts (NS). The subendothelial layer was 280 ± 60 μm thick in group A and 220 ± 30 μm thick in group B (P < 0.05). Seeded grafts showed a higher production of 6-keto-PGF1α after addition of sodium arachidonate than control grafts. Percoll gradient separation allows isolation of a more purified suspension of ECs. Refinements in omental EC procurement are still required to minimize contamination with other types of cells.
A boundary reconstruction method for circular fixed-area plots in environmental survey

In many ecological and forest surveys, some form of circular fixed-area sample plot is used on which numerous attributes are measured, some of which cannot be correctly estimated without knowledge of the conditions existing beyond the plot boundary. We refer to these as edge-affected attributes. An example from forest survey is crown cover, where a portion of the plot invariably is covered by the crowns of trees whose bases lie outside the plot boundary and would not be included in the sample under the standard survey design. Other examples include competition in dices, mean canopy height, canopy roughness, and photosynthetically active radiation. A number of correction techniques for edge-affected attributes have been proposed for rectangular plots, but when these have been adapted for use with circular plots, some plot information has had to be sacrificed. In this study, a technique, called morphing, is described and used to transform a circular plot into a square plot. This technique is then combined with the torus edge-correction procedure for rectangular plots to estimate, without a loss of any plot information, edge-affected attributes in circular plots. Simulation results for 1 real and 11 artificial populations are presented to illustrate the technique.
On the Colour of a Hydrogen Flame

A CORRESPONDENT to your last number has troubled himself to propound an elaborate theory, to account for the blue tinge which he states is always exhibited by the flame of hydrogen. There are also several text-books on chemistry which assert that hydrogen burns with a characteristic faint blue flame. It is easy to prove, however, that the flame of pure hydrogen has no blue tinge whatever. The blueness so frequently associated with the flame of hydrogen is really due to the presence of sulphur as is shown in a little paper I published in the Philosophical Magazine for November 1865.* It is possible that the facts mentioned in that paper may be turned to a practical end by some of your readers, and therefore it may not be altogether useless if I put down—for such disposal as you deem proper—one or two interesting phenomena associated wiih the combustion of hydrogen.
On the Execution of Fuzzy Programs Using Finite-State Machines

An abstract model for the execution of fuzzy programs using finite-state machines is described, Different ways of executing fuzzy programs are investigated. It is shown that the performance function ? of a fuzzy machine M? can be effectively constructed so that the program searching cost of an elementary fuzzy program, a number of elementary fuzzy programs, or a regular fuzzy program is minimized. Some application examples are discussed.
Redox Modification of Ryanodine Receptors underlies Abnormal Calcium Handling in Aging Rabbit Hearts

Aging alters the electrical activity of the heart and provides a pro-arrhythmic substrate that increases the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (Cooper et al. 2012). Although it is known that aberrant calcium dynamics may be a source of electrical abnormalities, the underlying mechanisms that affect age-associated alterations in triggered activity remain unclear. In the present study, we used ventricular myocytes isolated from young (5-9 months) and old (4-5 years) rabbit hearts to test the hypothesis that changes in Ca2+ homeostasis are caused by post-translational modification of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging heart. Changes in parameters of Ca2+ handling were determined by measuring cytosolic and intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ dynamics in intact and permeabilized ventricular myocytes using confocal microscopy. Aging did not change SERCA activity and spark frequency but decreased spark amplitude and SR Ca2+ content in permeabilized cells, suggesting an increased activity of RyRs. Under stimulation withβ-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, Ca2+ transient amplitude, SR Ca2+ load, and latency of pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ waves (SCWs) were decreased in cardiomyocytes derived from old rabbits; whereas, the rate of ROS production was increased. Treatment with the antioxidant DTT attenuated RyR-mediated SR Ca leak in aged permeabilized myocytes to levels comparable to young. Moreover, pretreatment with the mitochondria-specific ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO ablated SCWs in isoproterenol-treated old cardiomyocytes to levels comparable to young. This data suggests that increased rate of ROS production by mitochondria lead to the thiol-oxidation of RyRs, which underlies the hyperactivity of RyRs and thereby shortened refractoriness of Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes from the aging heart. This mechanism likely plays an important role in the increased risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in the aging population.
A 30-Year Analysis of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in Transplant Recipients and Proposal for Altered Screening

The risk of malignancy after solid-organ transplantation is well documented. However, the incidence and specific risk for colorectal adenocarcinoma, although previously proposed, has been difficult to calculate. We reviewed the University of Wisconsin transplant database for all cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma to assess the risk of this malignancy, as well as the need for improved screening in this population. The transplant database was queried using diagnosis codes for colorectal adenocarcinoma to configure a list of eligible patients. Exclusion criteria included: age less than 18 years at the time of transplant, diagnosis of colorectal cancer or patient death less than 12 months posttransplant, and pretransplant history of colorectal cancer or proctocolectomy. Statistical analysis determined overall incidence, age-specific incidence, and survival for this population. A total of 5,603 kidney, liver, or combination transplants were eligible for analysis from 1966 through 2004. The mean follow-up was 9.3 years. We identified 40 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Twenty-five of these cases (62%) occurred in kidney transplant recipients, 13 after liver transplant, and two after kidney–pancreas combination. Twenty-seven patients (68%) diagnosed with cancer have died, 12 of metastatic disease. The median survival postcancer diagnosis was 2.3 years. These results were compared to the National Cancer Institute Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for colon and rectal cancer. The current age-adjusted annual incidence based on year 2000 census data is 0.053% (52.9/100,000), and the extrapolated 10-year incidence is 0.27%. The 10-year incidence in the transplanted cohort is 0.71% (incidence ratio = 2.6). The 5-year survival postcancer diagnosis is 63.5% in the general population (SEER), vs. 30.7% in the transplant cohort. The SEER median age at diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma is 72.0 years. Of the transplant recipients who developed cancer, the median age at diagnosis was 58.7 years (32.4 to 78.2), and 11 patients (27%) were diagnosed at or before age 50. In the U.S. population, the annual incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma below the age of 50 is 0.0055% (5.52/100,000) and the 10-year extrapolated incidence is 0.11%. The 10-year incidence in the under-50 transplant cohort is 0.33% (incidence ratio = 3.0). In this under-50 cohort, median time from transplant to cancer diagnosis was 7.8 years. The incidence of and 5-year survival after diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma in transplant recipients is markedly different than the general population. Patients are often diagnosed at a younger age. With current screening guidelines, over 25% of at-risk patients would not be screened. We propose modifying these guidelines to allow earlier detection of colorectal cancer in this population.
Plasmodium sporozoite interactions with macrophages in vitro: a videomicroscopic analysis.

. Studies of in vitro interactions between Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats were performed. A videomicroscopic analysis was made of interactions observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Our results showed a diversity of dynamic interactions between sporozoites and macrophages that included no interaction, surface interaction without sporozoite interiorization, active sporozoite penetration, active penetration with subsequent sporozoite escape, macrophage destruction, and the formation of “tethers” or web-like structures by sporozoites that had actively invaded macrophages. Sporozoites are thus clearly capable of actively invading host macrophages and are not restricted to being phagocytosed for interiorization. The formation of “tethers” by the moving sporozoite might function in vivo by anchoring the sporozoite to the cells lining the lumen of the liver sinusoid. Active sporozoite motility appears to be a functional phenomenon involved in sporozoite invasion of host liver cells.
Evaluation of MOPITT retrievals of lower‐tropospheric carbon monoxide over the United States

[1] The new Version 5 MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) product for carbon monoxide (CO) is the first satellite product to exploit simultaneous near-infrared and thermal-infrared observations to enhance retrieval sensitivity in the lower troposphere. This feature is important to air quality analyses and studies of CO sources. However, because of the influence of both thermal contrast and geophysical noise, the retrieval characteristics for this new multispectral product are highly variable. New V5 products for surface-level CO concentrations have been evaluated over the contiguous United States using both in situ vertical profiles and NOAA ground-based “Tall Tower” measurements. Validation results based on the in situ profiles indicate that retrieval biases are on the order of a few percent. However, direct comparisons with the Tall Tower measurements demonstrate that smoothing error, which depends on both the retrieval averaging kernels and CO variability in the lower troposphere, exhibits significant geographical and seasonal variability.
The evolution of the anisotropy of a polycrystalline aggregate

Abstract T he macroscopic properties of a polycrystalline aggregate depend upon the orientational distribution of the single crystals. Here we determine how this distribution of orientations is established for a single crystal whose deformation is assumed to be identical to that of the aggregate. We first derive the equation of evolution for the orientation of a single crystal of arbitrary type that deforms through the mechanism of rate independent crystallographic slip. We then introduce an orientational distribution function to characterize how the orientations of the single crystals are distributed, and derive the equation of evolution for this function. We further consider an approximate representation of the orientational distribution function and derive the linear, first-order ordinary differential equations for the evolution of the coefficients associated with the anisotropic term of the representation. Solutions to these equations can be obtained numerically. These may be used, for example, to describe the development of anisotropy in numerical simulations of metal forming processes.
Planning and Organizing the Move to Your New Library

A library move demands the imaginative application of leadership, management, and administrative skills. The move must be organized so as to maintain the integrity of collections, minimize the interruption of services, and ensure a smooth adjustment to the new facility. The recent experience at the College-Conservatory of Music Library at the University of Cincinnati demonstrates that strong collaboration of librarians and support staff, with effective administrative support, can facilitate outreach to library users and supporters. A well-executed move to a superior facility can enhance user expectations and highlight the value of a library's services, staff, and collections.
Meiotic maturation of the mammalian oocyte in vitro: effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on protein synthesis.

Mouse oocytes arrested in dictyate of the first meiotic prophase by dibutyryl cyclic AMP accumulated exogenous valine at the same rate as oocytes undergoing meiotic maturation. The apparent rate of protein synthesis and the spectrum of proteins synthesized were not significantly affected by the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the culture system. These results suggest that cytoplasmic maturation of the mammalian oocyte proceeds independently of nuclear progression during the period required for completion of the first meiotic division in vitro.
Empirical Research on Producer Service Growth and Regional Development: International Comparisons

(1995). Empirical Research on Producer Service Growth and Regional Development: International Comparisons. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 66-74.
Comparison of the guarded-heat-flow and transient-plane-source methods for carbon-filled nylon 6,6 composites: Experiments and modeling

In this study, two different carbons (synthetic graphite particles and carbon fiber) were added to nylon 6,6, and the resulting composites were tested for thermal conductivity. The first goal of this work was to compare through-plane thermal conductivity results from the guarded-heat-flow method and the transient-plane-source method. The results showed that both test methods gave similar through-plane thermal conductivity results for composites containing 10–40 wt % synthetic graphite and for composites containing 5–40 wt % carbon fiber. The advantages of using the transient-plane-source method were that the in-plane thermal conductivity was also measured and the experimental time was shorter than that of the guarded-heat-flow method. The second goal of this work was to develop and use a detailed finite-element analysis to model heat transfer within a carbon-filled nylon 6,6 composite sample for the transient-plane-source method and compare these results to actual experimental results. The results showed that the finite-element model compared well with the actual experimental data. The finite-element model could be used in the future as a design tool to predict the dynamic thermal response of different composite materials for many applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Growth Hormone Therapy in Turner Syndrome

The favorable long-term results of growth hormone (GH), alone or in combination with oxandrolone, reported by an American study [J Pediatr 1992; 121:49-55], have so far not been confirmed by other investigators. However, from the presently available data it can be deduced that with higher than substitutive doses of GH, height can be improved during childhood and will be normalized in many patients with Turner syndrome. The future task must be to optimize treatment with respect to the dose and timing of GH (and oxandrolone) in individuals in order to ensure optimal statural outcome at the lowest risk and material costs.
Dysharmonic maturation of the hand in the congenital malformation syndromes

In many congenital malformation syndromes the pattern of hand-wrist development does not fit the sequence pictured in the Greulich-Pyle atlas. Not infrequently, there is a difference in maturation level of carpal and phalangeal centers in excess of that found in clinically normal children. Usually, the carpal centers are less developed than the phalangeal centers, whereas overall skeletal maturation is retarded (as in trisomy 18) or advanced (as in cerebral gigantism). In still other conditions, specific carpal centers are disproportionately delayed. By way of example, the capitate is differentially delayed in epiphyseal dysplasia, the lunate in homocystinuria, and the scaphoid in Fanconi's anemia and other radial hypoplasia syndromes. Side to side (i.e., bilateral) asymmetries may also occur in the developing hand, as in paralysis, in conditions involving increased local vascularity (as in hemangioma and rheumatoid arthritis) or in conditions associated with decreased vascularity. In the presence of excessive dysharmonic development or major bilateral asymmetry, with or without agenesis of one or more hand bones, assigning meaningful bone ages in congenital malformation syndromes becomes difficult. On the other hand, the degree and pattern of dysharmonic maturation may be helpful in diagnosis.