cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procedures and Protocols for Weight Assessment During Acute Illness in Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A National Survey:

BACKGROUND: Weight assessment is a key component of nursing care for individuals with the acute illness of anorexia nervosa (AN). However, there is little data to guide protocols and procedures reg...
Rebuttal to “Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Solar Methane Reforming through the Nonstoichiometric Ceria Redox Cycle”

Dry reforming of methane via the nonstoichiometric ceria (CeO2 - CeO2-δ) redox cycle was theoretically and experimentally examined for converting high-temperature, solar process heat to syngas. This cycle is composed of: (1) endothermic reduction of ceria and simultaneous partial oxidation of methane and (2) exothermic oxidation of the reduced ceria and simultaneous reduction of carbon dioxide. In both steps, chemical equilibrium calculations indicate that isothermal operation is thermodynamically favorable under a wide range of conditions. The influence of the total amount of reactive gas, operating temperature, and inclusion of gas/solid phase heat exchangers on cycle performance was determined through a holistic process model. A solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency, defined as the ratio of the difference between the calorific value of syngas (H2 and CO) produced and CH4 converted to the total solar radiative input energy, greater than 45 % was theoretically predicted with no heat recuperation. Experimental validation was subsequently demonstrated in a packed bed type solar reactor using the high flux solar simulator at the University of Florida at three discrete isothermal temperatures: 950 °C, 1035 °C, and 1120 °C. Upon completion of reduction at each temperature, bed-averaged oxygen nonstoichiometry equaled 0.07, 0.21, and 0.24, yielding methane conversions of 9, 41, and 51 % respectively. At 1120 °C, the extrapolated solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency equaled 9.82 %.
Electronic health record on the go: Device form factor and Fitts' law.

Abstract Purpose With electronic health records (EHRs) becoming ubiquitous, computer use in exam rooms during patient-provider interactions is commonplace. Although computer use brings many benefits to providers, and patients generally rate computer-use as having a positive impact, the use of mobile devices could eliminate existing issues, for example allowing providers to enter or review records while face-to-face with patients. Using mobile devices increases flexibility of providers, but also creates challenges associated with the mobile device itself. For example, the form factor (i.e., display size) of the mobile device may affect provider performance, satisfaction and usability of the EHR. This study assessed the impact of the device form factor on usability of the EHR by measuring the most commonly used devices. This question relates to the applicability of Fitts’ law, which does not predict differences in usability of devices varying in their form factor, assuming a linear scaling of the user interface. Procedures Health care providers participated in this study by performing common EHR related tasks using devices differing in their form factor. Each participant performed these tasks on each of the devices. Interaction with a desktop computer served as baseline. Results Usability and task load ratings for all mobile devices were significantly lower than for the desktop. Among the mobile devices, the iPad with its largest form factors performed best, where the iPhone performed the worst. The time to complete the tasks revealed that the mobile devices took more time to complete the tasks with the iPad requiring the least time among the mobile devices. Finally, in terms of error rates, all mobile devices had a significantly higher error rate than the desktop control. Again, the lowest error rate was observed with the devices that had the largest form factor. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the form factor of mobile devices is of critical importance for usability and task performance with none of the mobile devices performing as well as the desktop. In addition, it appears that Fitt’s law requires some additional examination in the context of touch screen devices. Given these results, challenges associated with mobile access to the EHR exist that need to be addressed in the future.
Failure of facet replacement system with metal-on-metal bearing surface and subsequent discovery of cobalt allergy: report of 2 cases

The aim of this study was to report on 2 patients in whom metal-on-metal (MOM) facet replacements failed, with subsequent positive findings on allergy testing. Motion-preserving devices have been used with limited success when instrumentation is indicated in the mobile spine. MOM-bearing surfaces in orthopedics were developed to increase implant longevity, yet have been associated with numerous adverse outcomes, including local tissue reactions, pseudotumors, metallosis, and the need for revision surgery. Five patients with spinal stenosis and low-grade spondylolisthesis were randomized to undergo facet replacement surgery with the ACADIA facet replacement system at the authors' institution. Two patients experienced a return of neurological symptoms after a pain-free interval (< 2 years) with development of local tissue reaction and positive findings on allergy testing to cobalt, the metal in the MOM-bearing surface. Both patients underwent successful removal of the implant and revision to titanium posterior spinal fusion and interbody fusion without further complication. Motion-preserving devices have been designed and trialed for specific indications in the mobile spine. Given the adverse results from MOM devices in hip arthroplasty and now the early reports with MOM facet replacements, caution is warranted when moving forward with any MOM joint-bearing surface. Both patients presented here had an unusual tissue reaction locally and subsequent positive allergy testing results to cobalt. These 2 patients appear to have developed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the metal, likely from fine debris at the MOM interface.
Assimilation Anxieties and the Case of American Jews

The publication of the Pew study of Jewish Americans unleashed a slew of interpretations and commentary, revealing dueling ways of thinking about American Jewry. In one prevalent reading, these facts represent a “grim portrait” whose results are “devastating,” evidence of “so much assimilation.” In contrast, I offered a different reading of these same facts, arguing that the study’s findings show the “surprising persistence and durability of Jewishness in America” (Horowitz 2013).
Inhibitory effects of hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-6 on transforming growth factor-beta1 mediated vocal fold fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation.

The role of myofibroblasts in vocal fold scarring has not been extensively studied partly due to a lack of a robust in vitro model. The objective of this investigation was to develop and characterize a myofibroblast in vitro model that could be utilized to investigate the molecular mechanism of myofibroblast differentiation and function in injured vocal fold tissue. Differentiation of human primary vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFF) to myofibroblasts was stimulated using 5, 10, or 20 ng/ml of recombinant transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). Cultures were analyzed using immunofluorescence and western blotting, with an anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody as a myofibroblast marker. Normal rabbit vocal folds were treated with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 7 days for in vivo corroboration. The effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on myofibroblast differentiation were studied using western blots. hVFF demonstrated positive α-SMA labeling in 10 and 20 ng/ml TGF-β1 stimulated cells indicating that hVFFs were capable of differentiation to myofibroblasts. TGF- β1 induced the largest increase in α-SMA at 10-ng/ml on day 5 of treatment. HGF and IL6 suppressed the expression of TGF-β1 induced α–SMA. Our work characterizes a useful in vitro model of TGF-β1 mediated vocal fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation. The extent of differentiation appears to be attenuated by HGF suggesting a potential mechanism to support prior work indicating that HGF plays a protective role from scar formation in vocal fold injuries. Paradoxically, IL-6 which has been shown to play a profibrotic role in dermal studies also attenuated the TGF-β1 response.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies of Neurotransmitter Function in Manic and Depressive Illness

This Chapter reviews reported alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived measures of a variety of neurotransmitter and modulator substances in patients with affective disorders. These studies are based on the assumption that measures in the CSF will provide an indirect reflection of central nervous system (CNS) processes. The data supporting this assumption have been reviewed elsewhere in this volume, as well as by Goodwin and Post,60,61 Post and Goodwin,112 and Moir et al. 96 The methodologies that involve the use of probenecid to block acid transport out of CSF in order to provide a more dynamic measure of neurotransmitter amine turnover have similarly been reviewed in Chapter 8. Both the baseline measures and those following probenecid pretreatment require considerable caution in interpretation, since for many of the neurotransmitter substances and metabolites mentioned, a contribution from the spinal cord is likely and critical transport characteristics appear to affect amine metabolite levels. However, within the context of these qualifications, many studies have documented that alterations in CSF levels can closely reflect changes occurring in CNS function. Thus, in this Chapter, we will summarize data on a variety of the chemicals measured in the CSF, assuming from the outset that they are, at best, indirect and often global estimates for the more discrete changes that are being sought and investigated.
Validation studies for the use of the microsphere method in cats and young minipigs.

Radioactive microspheres are suitable for measuring cardiac output, its distribution and organ blood flow if certain criteria are met. Cardiac output may be determined with the reference flow method if microspheres do not recirculate. In cats 10 μm microspheres were extracted completely by the lungs. The use of microspheres for the determination of cardiac output is therefore not limited by recirculation of microspheres down to this size. Under baseline conditions we found no preferential streaming with 50 μm spheres in young minipigs and with 25 and 15 μm spheres in cats. At high cardiac output values induced by the administration of 0.4 mg/kg of Dihydralazine to cats, 25 μm but not 15 μm microspheres showed a small, non significant tendency to stream preferentially into the upper body. Thus, under rapid flow conditions 15 μm microspheres may be preferable to larger ones from the rheological point of view. Under baseline conditions the distribution of cardiac output to a wide range of organs was very similar when comparing 25 and 15 μm microspheres in cats and 50 and 15 μm microspheres in minipigs, whereas 10 μm microspheres were poorly extracted by most organs in cats. 15 μm microspheres were found to be suitable for the determination of cardiac output and its distribution in both species provided that bronchial and arteriovenous shunt flows can be neglected.
Phylogeny and Animal Models

Adults and children frequently suffer from acute or chronic sleep disorders. The presence of one (or more) of these sleep pathologies will usually interfere with normal life, and can result in increasing work or motor vehicle accidents, decreased learning performance, altered social activities, as well as increased risk for a variety of other diseases affecting multiple systems. Because of the big impact of these disorders in the society, increasing interest has developed in an attempt to better understand sleep and its disorders. One of the most frequently explored venues that addresses ethical and methodological limitations that are inherent to experimentation in humans involves the use of animal models. Animal models allow comparisons to be drawn between animal and human physiology, and results from animal studies have been critical in closing knowledge gaps between health and disease. Comparative biological studies have discovered clock genes that are highly conserved across different species as well as unraveled evidence for sleep-like states in animal kingdoms. Several animals, ranging from Drosophila melanogaster to nonhuman primates, have been used as sleep models even though sleep is not generally accepted to exist outside the mammalian and avian orders. Animal models for breathing-related sleep disorders can be either spontaneously occurring or induced through surgical or genetic manipulations, and have thus far provided a wealth of phenotypic and mechanistic information while mimicking human patient disease.
Mechanism Design with Acquisition of Correlated Information

Consider a mechanism design setting in which agents acquire costly information about an unknown, payoff-relevant state of nature. Information gathering is covert. We investigate conditions under which (i) efficient implementation and (ii) full surplus extraction are Bayesian incentive compatible and interim individually rational.
Cuál es el efecto de las nuevas definiciones de hipertensión arterial en el adulto sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de esta condición en la gestante y de los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)issued new guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of hypertension in the adult based on a comprehensive systematic review of the existing literature by an expert review committee in 2017. In the ACC/AHA definitions, arterial hypertension is divided into stage 1 (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130-139 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80-89 mm Hg) and stage 2 (SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg and DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg). The primary objectives of ACC/AHA are early detection of the disease, prompt evaluation, opportune management, and prevention of cardiovascular disease. With these changes, it is estimated that the prevalence of hypertension will increase between 15-20% in the United States (US) in the forthcoming years. There will also be a considerable increase in the number of women who will conceive with a diagnosis of hypertension. Updates on the classification of pregestational and gestational hypertensive conditions by professional organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (ACOG) have not yet been released, but can be expected sometime soon. In the meantime, we should continue following existing standardized guidelines. In the US, it is common clinical practice to follow the 2013 ACOG guidelines on classification, prediction, and management of hypertension in pregnancy. These define hypertension as blood pressure values over ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. ACOG recommends a BP target < 160/105 mmHg for all types of hypertension. Tight BP control < 140/90 mmHg should be attempted in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes or end-organ damage. For other patients, this clinical approach is currently not recommended, given the lack of evidence of benefits and the potential negative effects on placental vascular perfusion and fetal growth. It is expected that the ongoing multicenter pragmatic clinical trial conducted in the US (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT02299414) will elucidate whether tight blood pressure control in women with chronic hypertension improves maternal and perinatal outcomes. Until then, obstetricians should continue following the recommendations by the ACOG or other professional organizations for all types of hypertensive disorders and be alert about new notifications from these organizations or experts in the topic.
Voice Control in a Real Flight Deck Environment

In this paper, we present a methodology on how to implement multimodal voice controlled systems by means of automatic speech recognition. The real flight deck environment brings many challenges such as high accuracy requirements, high noise conditions, non-native English-speaking users or limited hardware and software resources. We present the design of an automatic speech recognition system based on a freely available AMI Meeting Corpus and a proprietary corpus provided by Airbus. Then we describe how we trained and evaluated the speech recognition models in a simulated environment using the anechoic chamber laboratory. The tuned speech recognition models were tested in real flight environment on two Honeywell experimental airplanes: Dassault Falcon 900 and Boeing 757.
Development and Application of Genetic Engineering for Wheat Improvement

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops of the world, and continuous genetic improvement is vital to meet the demands of the rapidly growing world population. Conventional breeding has...
Lesson study design features for supporting collaborative teacher learning

Abstract Teacher learning communities have been promoted as a promising approach to promote systemwide improvement of teaching and student learning. However, our knowledge about what design features of collaborative learning processes in teacher groups support teacher learning is still limited. Based on a teacher survey of lesson study, this study found that facilitators’ focus on student thinking, the quality of materials, and duration of lesson study were significantly associated with teacher participation in an effective inquiry process, which in turn is associated with perceived positive changes in teacher knowledge, self-efficacy, and expectation.
Associations of Echocardiography Markers and Vascular Brain Lesions: The ARIC Study.

Background Associations between subtle changes in cardiac and cerebral structure and function are not well understood, with some studies suggesting that subclinical cardiac changes may be associate...
The Relationships between State Community College Governance Centralization and Local Appropriations.

This two-way, fixed effects analysis examines the relationship between local appropriations and community college state governance structures while examining governance’s moderating impact on state-level factors. We find that any type of state-level organization for community colleges does not impact local appropriations, and that in states with no formal coordinating authority, local appropriations are likely to be higher. Further, the absence of a state-level board, even one that includes four-year, primary, or secondary education, moderates the relationship between unemployment and appropriations. This relationship suggests that in states without a state-level board for community colleges, local governments invest in and leverage their community colleges in times of economic decline.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Colon and Rectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment.

BACKGROUND There is growing interest in using patient-reported outcome measures to support value-based care in colorectal surgery. To draw valid conclusions regarding patient-reported outcomes data, measures with robust measurement properties are required. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the use and quality of patient-reported outcome measures in colorectal surgery. DATA SOURCES Three major databases were searched for studies using patient-reported outcome measures in the context of colorectal surgery. STUDY SELECTION Articles that used patient-reported outcome measures as outcome for colorectal surgical intervention in a comparative effectiveness analysis were included. Exclusion criteria included articles older than 11 years, non-English language, age <18 years, fewer than 40 patients, case reports, review articles, and studies without comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES This was a quality assessment using a previously reported checklist of psychometric properties. RESULTS From 2007 to 2018, 368 studies were deemed to meet inclusion criteria. These studies used 165 distinct patient-reported outcome measures. Thirty were used 5 or more times and were selected for quality assessment. Overall, the measures were generally high quality, with 21 (70%) scoring ≥14 on an 18-point scale. Notable weaknesses included management of missing data (14%) and description of literacy level (0%). LIMITATIONS The study was limited by its use of original articles for quality assessment. Measures were selected for quality analysis based on frequency of use rather than other factors, such as impact of the article or number of patients in the study. CONCLUSIONS Patient-reported outcome measures are widely used in colorectal research. There was a wide range of measures available, and many were used only once. The most frequently used measures are generally high quality, but a majority lack details on how to deal with missing data and information on literacy levels. As the use of patient-reported outcome measures to assess colorectal surgical intervention increases, researchers and practitioners need to become more knowledgeable about the measures available and their quality.
SPIE Industry Update: Trends and Outlook

Stephen Anderson will present an update of the SPIE core optics and photonics components industry profile with new data also covering the photonics-enabled markets in 2018. His industry outlook will also address the likely impact of the recent coronavirus outbreak on the photonics industry. The SPIE global industry profile has become a key resource for investors, business leaders, and government representatives who need a clear picture of the worldwide photonics industry, its size, and economic impact. The SPIE industry profile has found use supporting business strategies, guiding investment decisions, and in the development of national policies to drive funding, business success and economic growth.
Disentangling images with Lie group transformations and sparse coding.

Discrete spatial patterns and their continuous transformations are two important regularities contained in natural signals. Lie groups and representation theory are mathematical tools that have been used in previous works to model continuous image transformations. On the other hand, sparse coding is an important tool for learning dictionaries of patterns in natural signals. In this paper, we combine these ideas in a Bayesian generative model that learns to disentangle spatial patterns and their continuous transformations in a completely unsupervised manner. Images are modeled as a sparse superposition of shape components followed by a transformation that is parameterized by n continuous variables. The shape components and transformations are not predefined, but are instead adapted to learn the symmetries in the data, with the constraint that the transformations form a representation of an n-dimensional torus. Training the model on a dataset consisting of controlled geometric transformations of specific MNIST digits shows that it can recover these transformations along with the digits. Training on the full MNIST dataset shows that it can learn both the basic digit shapes and the natural transformations such as shearing and stretching that are contained in this data.
Setitheca lativalva gen. et sp. nov., a fossil flower of Laurales from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber

A single staminate flower preserved in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber is described as Setitheca lativalva gen. et sp. nov. The fossil’s affinities appear to be with Monimiaceae and allied families of order Laurales. The perianth is composed of ca. 12 spirally arranged tepals of varying size and shape. A single whorl of 10 stamens is attached to the margin of a flat central disc. There is no gynoecium. In some of the stamens, the bilocular anthers are held upright, but in the others, the filaments are arched abaxially and the anthers are reflexed. Dehiscence is extrorse via 2 lateral, dorsally-hinged valves, as also occurs in some members of Hernandiaceae. The spherical pollen appears to be inaperturate. Such features as the unisexual flowers, valvate anthers, and a perianth of numerous, spirally arranged tepals are consistent with assignment of the fossil to this order of angiosperms.
Adherent-invasive E. coli metabolism of propanediol in Crohn's disease regulates phagocytes to drive intestinal inflammation.

Summary Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) are enriched in the intestinal microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and promote intestinal inflammation. Yet, how AIEC metabolism of nutrients impacts intestinal homeostasis is poorly defined. Here, we show that AIEC encoding the large subunit of propanediol dehydratase (PduC), which facilitates the utilization of fucose fermentation product 1,2-propanediol, are increased in the microbiome of CD patients and drive AIEC-induced intestinal T cell inflammation. In murine models, CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) are required for PduC-dependent induction of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production that leads to AIEC-induced inflammatory colitis. Activation of this inflammatory cascade requires the catalytic activity of PduC to generate propionate, which synergizes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce IL-1β by MNPs. Disrupting fucose availability limits AIEC-induced propionate production and intestinal inflammation. These findings identify MNPs as metabolic sensors linking AIEC metabolism with intestinal inflammation and identify microbial metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease treatment.
Rapid laser patterning and crystallization of 2D materials on rigid and flexible substrates

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been viewed as a promising candidate for future electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic applications. This, however, demands controlled synthesis and precise integration of such materials with complex patterns onto rigid and flexible substrates. Here we introduce a new laser-based approach that enables the integration of 2D materials onto the flexible and rigid substrate with desired shapes and patterns. We report direct laser crystallization and the pattering of MoS2 and WSe2 on PDMS and quartz substrates. A thin layer of solid-state stoichiometric amorphous 2D film is deposited onto the substrates, followed by a controlled crystallization and direct writing process using a tunable nanosecond laser (1064 nm). This novel method enables the use of emerging 2D materials in future electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics applications where intricate patterning and/or flexible substrates are required.
Free vascularized parascapular fat flap for parotidectomy reconstruction.

Abstract Objective The contour defect resulting after parotidectomy can be cosmetically unappealing. Multiple reconstructive efforts have been reported to mitigate this problem. We describe a novel technique of vascularized parascapular fat reconstruction based on the circumflex scapular vessels and evaluate its outcomes. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent parotidectomy with or without additional resections and vascularized parascapular fat flap reconstruction in 2020 were included. Demographic, morphologic, intraoperative, and postoperative data were assessed. Results Eight patients (3 female) were included. Median cut-to-close time was 247 (range 209–298) minutes, including tumor ablation. None of the patients had any wound complications, and all except one was discharged on postoperative day 1. Flap monitoring was not performed. None reported any significant donor site morbidity except scar formation. At last follow up, all patients reported satisfactory facial contour. Conclusion Vascularized parascapular fat flap reconstruction of parotidectomy contour defects has satisfactory cosmetic outcomes with minimal morbidity and short hospitalization courses.
Community Urgent Care Use Following Implementation of the Veterans Affairs Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks Act.

Background Effective June 6, 2019, Veterans Affairs (VA) began offering a new urgent care (UC) benefit that provides eligible Veterans with greater choice and access to care for the treatment of minor injuries and illnesses in their local communities. Objectives The aim was to describe trends in UC use, identify predictors of UC benefit use, and understand the factors associated with community UC use versus VA emergency department (ED) or urgent care center (UCC) use. Study design Using VA administrative data, this was a retrospective cross-sectional study of Veterans that were enrolled in VA in FY19. Veterans were classified into 3 groups: UC benefit users, benefit non-users, and VA ED/UCC users. Methods We used summary statistics to compare population characteristics across user groups. To determine whether predisposing, enabling, and need factors predicted UC benefit use and setting choice (community UCC vs. VA ED/UCC), 2 logistic regression models were fitted to assess odds of UC use. Results From June 6, 2019 through February 29, 2020, 138,305 Veterans made 175,821 community UC visits. The majority of visits were made by White males who were not subject to co-pays. The average cost to VA for UC visits was $132 (SD=$135). Upper respiratory infections were the most common reason for UC use. Being younger, female, and living farther from a VA ED/UCC was associated with greater UC benefit use compared with both benefit non-users and VA ED/UCC users. Conclusions The new benefit expands Veteran access to UC services for low-acuity conditions.
DFT and TD-DFT Investigation of a Charge Transfer Surface Resonance Raman Model of N3 Dye Bound to a Small TiO2 Nanoparticle

Raman spectroscopy is an important method for studying the configuration of Ru bipyridyl dyes on TiO2. We studied the [Ru(II)(4,4′-COOH-2,2′-bpy)2(NCS)2)] dye (N3) adsorbed on a (TiO2)5 nanoparticle using Density Functional Theory, DFT, to optimize the geometry of the complex and to simulate normal Raman scattering, NRS, for the isolated N3 and the N3–(TiO2)5 complex. Two configurations of N3 are found on the surface both anchored with a carboxylate bridging bidentate linkage but one with the two NCS ligands directed away from the surface and one with one NSC tilted away and the other NCS interacting with the surface. Both configurations also had another –COOH group hydrogen bonded to a Ti-O dangling bond. These configurations can be distinguished from each other by Raman bands at 2104 and 2165 cm−1. The former configuration has more intense Normal Raman Scattering, NRS, on TiO2 surfaces and was studied with Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory, TD-DFT, frequency-dependent Raman simulations. Pre-resonance Raman spectra were simulated for a Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer, MLCT, excited state and for a long-distance CT transition from N3 directly to (TiO2)5. Enhancement factors for the MLCT and long-distance CT processes are around 1 × 103 and 2 × 102, respectively. A Herzberg–Teller intensity borrowing mechanism is implicated in the latter and provides a possible mechanism for the photo-injection of electrons to titania surfaces.
Impact of Coronavirus-19 "Stay-At-Home" Orders on Preterm Birth in Colorado.

In this retrospective cohort analysis of Colorado birth certificate records from April to December 2015-2020, we demonstrate that Colorado birthing individuals experienced lower adjusted odds of preterm birth after issuance of coronavirus-19 "stay-at-home" orders. However, this positive birth outcome was experienced only by non-Hispanic white and Hispanic mothers.
(Hetero)sexual Compliance with Unwanted Casual Sex: Associations with Feelings about First Sex and Sexual Self-Perceptions

Sexual compliance involves willing consent to unwanted sex. The current study examined experiences and correlates of compliant sex with casual partners. Guided by sexual script theory, feelings about first partnered sex and sexual self-perceptions were identified as possible correlates of compliance. Potential moderating effects of gender also were explored. Sexually active heterosexual undergraduates (N = 258) in the northeastern U.S. responded to self-report measures of desire, pleasure, and emotional discomfort associated with first partnered sex, sexual self-awareness, sexual refusal efficacy, and compliance with vaginal and oral sex. About a third of the sample reported complying with casual sex at least once. Overall, very few participants who complied with a casual partner also complied with a committed partner. More women than men complied with giving oral sex to a casual partner; there were no gender differences in compliance with either vaginal sex or receiving oral sex. Emotional discomfort with first partnered sex was positively associated with compliant casual sex only among women. Although women reported less desire and pleasure associated with first partnered sex than men, neither desire nor pleasure from first sex were associated with casual compliance for either gender. Refusal efficacy was negatively associated with compliant casual sex for both women and men. The implications of these findings for future research and educating college students about compliance and its correlates are discussed.
Characteristics of a Magnetostrictive Composite Stress Sensor

A magnetostrictive composite material (MCM) of a giant magnetostrictive alloy, Terfenol-D ( ${\rm{Tb}}_{0.3}{\rm{Dy}}_{0.7}{\rm{Fe}}_{2}$ ), and epoxy resin has been used to fabricate mechanical stress sensors that are electrically isolated and based on the Villari effect (or inverse magnetostriction). Under an external mechanical stress, magnetic domains in the MCM rotate and expand proportionally, modifying the magnetic properties due to the Villari effect. We designed a probe consisting of a toroidal, laminated, air-gapped silicon steel core with a tightly wound coil that facilitated monitoring the change in the magnetic susceptibility of the MCM. Since the coil is wound around the core and the air gap is partially filled with the MCM, the change in magnetic susceptibility of the MCM can be estimated by performing inductance measurements. We investigated the effect of the angle between the stress and magnetic susceptibility measurement axes on the response of MCM sensors mounted at different angles onto 6061-T6 aluminum substrates. This sensing technique can be used for non-destructive evaluation and monitoring the integrity of various mechanical and civil engineering structures. This wireless technique might also be extendable to measure the stress vector.
Older Mentors for Newer Workers: Impact of a Worker-Driven Intervention on Later Life Satisfaction

Research identifies salient correlates of life satisfaction for aging workers as “sense of usefulness,” “perceiving ongoing respect,” and “meeting one's own expectations.” These correlates were presented to a group of older workers to elicit their suggestions on ways to actualize these findings in the workplace. A workplace intervention based on older workers’ suggestions was designed, implemented, and evaluated with a pilot sample of older workers. This article presents the intervention, its implementation, and the impact of the intervention on the life satisfaction of older workers, with implications for workplace retention. Findings address the impact of mentoring on life satisfaction of the mentors, with implications for retention. Findings suggest that older workers can enhance their life satisfaction while serving as a training resource. Impact on retention is tentative. Research is proposed to further evaluate impact of a worker-driven intervention.
Integrating chemohormonal therapy and surgery in known or suspected lymph node metastatic prostate cancer

Prostate cancer persisting in the primary site after systemic therapy may contribute to emergence of resistance and progression. We previously demonstrated molecular characteristics of lethal cancer in the prostatectomy specimens of patients presenting with lymph node metastasis after chemohormonal treatment. Here we report the post-treatment outcomes of these patients and assess whether a link exists between surgery and treatment-free/cancer-free survival. Patients with either clinically detected lymph node metastasis or primaries at high risk for nodal dissemination were treated with androgen ablation and docetaxel. Those responding with PSA concentration <1 ng ml−1 were recommended surgery 1 year from enrollment. ADT was withheld postoperatively. The rate of survival without biochemical progression 1 year after surgery was measured to screen for efficacy. Forty patients were enrolled and 39 were evaluable. Three patients (7.7%) declined surgery. Of the remaining 36, 4 patients experienced disease progression during treatment and 4 more did not reach PSA <1. Twenty-six patients (67%) completed surgery, and 13 (33%) were also progression-free 1 year postoperatively (8 with undetectable PSA). With a median follow-up of 61 months, time to treatment failure was 27 months in the patients undergoing surgery. The most frequent patterns of first disease recurrence were biochemical (10 patients) and systemic (5). Half of the patients undergoing surgery were off treatment and progression-free 1 year following completion of all therapy. These results suggest that integration of surgery is feasible and may be superior to systemic therapy alone for selected prostate cancer patients presenting with nodal metastasis.
Gender Similarities in Mathematics and Science

Boys and girls have similar psychological traits and cognitive abilities; thus, a focus on factors other than gender is needed to help girls persist in mathematical and scientific career tracks.
Use of an Affinity Label to Probe the Function of the NADPH Binding Component of the Respiratory Burst Oxidase of Human Neutrophils

Abstract The respiratory burst oxidase of neutrophils can be activated in a cell-free system in which solubilized membranes, cytosol, and Mg2+ are required and in which sodium dodecyl sulfate is used to convert the dormant oxidase to an active form. The 2',3'-dialdehyde analog of NADPH was used as an affinity label for the cytosolic NADPH binding component of the respiratory burst oxidase from human neutrophils. When treated with this affinity label in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride to reduce Schiff bases, neutrophil cytosol was shown to lose at least 90% of its activity in the cell-free system. In contrast to normal cytosol, treated cytosol had lost its ability to abolish the lag time required for activation of the oxidase, suggesting that the treated cytosol was no longer able to participate in the rate-limiting activation step. Furthermore, the treated cytosol had lost its ability to convert the oxidase from a form with a high Km to a form with a low Km for NADPH. The ability of dialdehyde-treated cytosol to activate the oxidase could be restored by untreated cytosol with a concentration dependence suggesting that only one kinetically active component of the oxidase was inhibited by treatment with the NADPH analog. Like the dialdehyde-treated cytosol, cytosols from patients with chronic granulomatous disease caused by a deficiency in a cytosolic Mr = 47,000 protein (pp47) fail to participate in the rate-limiting activation step (Curnutte, J. T., Scott, P. J., and Babior, B. M. (1989) J. Clin. Invest. 83, 1236-1240). These chronic granulomatous disease cytosols were nevertheless able to restore limited activity to the dialdehyde-inactivated cytosol in a cell-free activation system. These results are consistent with a model in which (a) the NADPH binding subunit of the oxidase exists in a very slowly dissociating complex with one or more additional cytosolic components, including pp47, and (b) the NADPH binding component of the oxidase controls the affinity of the enzyme for NADPH, either directly or through the binding of additional cytosolic factors.
Unwanted childbearing and household food insecurity in the United States.

Household food insecurity is a population health concern disproportionately affecting families with children in the United States. Unwanted childbearing may place unanticipated strain on families to meet basic needs, heightening the risk for household food insecurity. We investigated the association between mother’s and father’s report of unwanted childbearing and exposure to household food insecurity among children residing in two-parent households in the United States. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Birth Cohort, a nationally representative cohort of US children (n~6,150) were used to estimate the odds of household food insecurity when children were aged 9 months and 2 years, separately, based on parental report of unwanted childbearing. The majority of children were reported as wanted by both parents (74.4%). Of the sample, report of unwanted childbearing by father-only was 20.0%, mother-only was 3.4%, and joint mother and father was 2.2%. Household food insecurity was higher when children were 9 months compared to 2 years. In adjusted models accounting for confounders, children born to mothers and fathers who jointly reported unwanted childbearing were at higher odds of exposure to household food insecurity at 9 months (AOR=3.31; 95% CI: 1.97,5.57) and 2 years (AOR=2.52; 95% CI: 1.12,5.68). In two-parent households, we found children raised by parents reporting unwanted childbearing were more likely to be exposed to food insecurity and potentially related stressors. Further studies that prospectively measure wantedness before the child’s birth will aid in confirming the direction of this association.
A volumetric method for serum sodium.

A simple, rapid method for determining sodium in serum is described; it requires no special equipment and no special training. Ions normally present in serum do not interfere at any conceivable physiologic concentration. The method has been tested on approximately 30 samples of serum with known sodium contents ranging from 103-175 mEq/L; the deviation from the flame photometer value averages approximately 3%.
Sharpening global static analysis to cope with Java

This paper describes a Java package, JAN, that collects and manipulates static information of a Java application. The focus of JAN (Java ANalysis), is to provide an effective technique for building the call graph of a given Java application. This view may be used for program understanding, as well as for optimization purposes; such as code size reduction and devirtualization. JAN extends techniques that were developed for other Object Oriented languages. Its main contribution is in coping with the special features of Java. We introduce the notion of partial analysis by distinguishing between set of classes to be analysed, versus a set of classes that are preprocessed.This is extremely useful in Java where a great percentage of the application code belongs to library classes that are independent of the user code. JAN has been extended to support hierarchy analysis and call graph construction for (RMI-based) distributed Java applications.
Group III and IV muscle afferents contribute to ventilatory and cardiovascular response to rhythmic exercise in humans

We investigated the role of somatosensory feedback on cardioventilatory responses to rhythmic exercise in five men. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, subjects performed the same leg cycling exercise (50/100/150/325 ± 19 W, 3 min each) under placebo conditions (interspinous saline, L(3)-L(4)) and with lumbar intrathecal fentanyl impairing central projection of spinal opioid receptor-sensitive muscle afferents. Quadriceps strength was similar before and after fentanyl administration. To evaluate whether a cephalad migration of fentanyl affected cardioventilatory control centers in the brain stem, we compared resting ventilatory responses to hypercapnia (HCVR) and cardioventilatory responses to arm vs. leg cycling exercise after each injection. Similar HCVR and minor effects of fentanyl on cardioventilatory responses to arm exercise excluded direct medullary effects of fentanyl. Central command during leg exercise was estimated via quadriceps electromyogram. No differences between conditions were found in resting heart rate (HR), ventilation [minute ventilation (VE)], or mean arterial pressure (MAP). Quadriceps electromyogram, O(2) consumption (VO(2)), and plasma lactate were similar in both conditions at the four steady-state workloads. Compared with placebo, a substantial hypoventilation during fentanyl exercise was indicated by the 8-17% reduction in VE/CO(2) production (VCO(2)) secondary to a reduced breathing frequency, leading to average increases of 4-7 Torr in end-tidal PCO(2) (P < 0.001) and a reduced hemoglobin saturation (-3 ± 1%; P < 0.05) at the heaviest workload (∼90% maximal VO(2)) with fentanyl. HR was reduced 2-8%, MAP 8-13%, and ratings of perceived exertion by 13% during fentanyl vs. placebo exercise (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the essential contribution of muscle afferent feedback to the ventilatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses to rhythmic exercise in humans, even in the presence of unaltered contributions from other major inputs to cardioventilatory control.
Assessment of Blade Mistuning Effects via Power Flow Analysis of Tuned Bladed Disks

An efficient method is proposed for the early assessment of bladed disk designs with respect to blade mistuning effects. Structural and material differences among blades, known as blade mistuning, often cause significant increases in blade forced vibration amplitudes relative to ideal (tuned) bladed disks, and such effects are most pronounced when the blades and the disk share vibration energy actively. In this paper, it is shown that the flow of vibration energy between the blades and the disk of tuned bladed disks can be used to characterize disk-blade dynamic interaction, and consequently it is proposed as a means to assess blade mistuning effects. Power flow is first calculated for a simple lumped-parameter model, and it is shown to provide a physical explanation for the sharp increases in blade forced response amplitudes that take place when disk-blade dynamic interactions are strong. The power flow analysis is then extended to parametric design studies of finite element models for industrial bladed disks. The calculation of coupling power flow between the blade and the disk segment for a nominal bladed disk sector is shown to enable the rapid, albeit approximate, assessment of mistuning effects on blade vibration response for the nominal bladed disk design as well as for a variety of alternate designs obtained by varying disk structural parameters. The power flow analysis tool developed in this paper solely requires tuned system information, and thus it provides an inexpensive alternative to detailed statistical analyses of mistuned system response, such as Monte Carlo simulations. It seems particularly well suited to the design optimization of bladed disks with respect to minimizing blade mistuning effects.
Oral manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma

Oral manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) have received little attention in the dermatologic literature. The authors report two patients with lingual lesions. The histologic features are similar to those of the glabrous skin. A review of the 22 previously reported cases indicate a shortened survival. A retrospective review of 82 patients with CTCL treated at the authors' medical center identified only three with oral involvement. Radiation therapy offers effective palliation for these lesions.
Wage Controls and Employment in Economies in Transition

Abstract Wage controls have been an important element of economic policy in socialist economies and have been introduced or continued in many economies in transition. In most cases, limits have been placed on each firm′s total wage bill, rather than on the wage rate paid. This paper uses a simple model of a labor-managed enterprise to analyze the behavior of wages and employment under such an incomes policy. It also examines how the results would differ if similar controls were applied to private enterprises. J. Comp. Econom., October 1994, 19 (2), pp. 171-187. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, 20431.