cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A case study of a child with chronic hemolytic anemia due to a Donath-Landsteiner positive, IgM anti-I autoantibody.

In children, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is generally considered an acute self-limited autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by an IgG biphasic auto-anti-P antibody identified by the Donath–Landsteiner (D-L) test. We report a case of a 5-year-old female with a chronic hemolytic anemia. The etiology of the hemolysis appears to be an unusual D-L positive, IgM antibody with specificity for the I antigen. The clinical course is described and a discussion of PCH and the D-L antibody is presented. We also discuss intravenous immunoglobulin infusions as a therapy for children with this form of severe chronic autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 953–955. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoformulation of miRNA-150: potential implications for pancreatic cancer therapy

MicroRNAs are small (18-22 nucleotide long) noncoding RNAs that play important roles in biological processes through posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their aberrant expression and functional significance are reported in several human malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Recently, we identified miR-150 as a novel tumor suppressor microRNA in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, expression of miR-150 was downregulated in the majority of tumor cases, suggesting that its restoration could serve as an effective approach for pancreatic cancer therapy. In the present study, we developed a nanoparticle-based miR-150 delivery system and tested its therapeutic efficacy in vitro. Using double emulsion solvent evaporation method, we developed a poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based nanoformulation of miR-150 (miR-150-NF). Polyethyleneimine (a cationic polymer) was incorporated in PLGA matrix to increase the encapsulation of miR-150. Physical characterization of miR-150-NF demonstrated that these nanoparticles had high encapsulation efficiency (~78%) and exhibited sustained release profile. Treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with miR-150-NF led to efficient intracellular delivery of miR-150 mimics and caused significant downregulation of its target gene (MUC4) expression. Inhibition of MUC4 correlated with a concomitant decrease in the expression of its interacting partner, HER2, and repression of its downstream signaling. Furthermore, treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with miR-150-NF suppressed their growth, clonogenicity, motility, and invasion. Together, these findings suggest that PLGA-based nanoformulation could potentially serve as a safe and effective nanovector platform for miR-150 delivery to pancreatic tumor cells.
Actinomycin D induced DNase I cleavage enhancement caused by sequence specific propagation of an altered DNA structure

Two DNA hexadecamers containing one central 5'-GC-3' base step have been examined by footprinting methodology in the presence and absence of actinomycin D. The results of these studies, coupled with imino proton NMR measurements indicate that the antitumor drug causes a change in DNA conformation at a distance from the actinomycin intercalation site in a molecule of sequence d[ATATATAGCTATATAT] that does not occur in d[AAAAAAAGCTTTTTTT]. The experiments demonstrate that DNase I rate enhancements associated with actinomycin D binding are caused by ligand alteration of equilibrium DNA structure.
Seasonal Foraging and Feeding Behavior of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a Wildland and a Residential Location in Northern California

Seasonal activity of Reticulitermes was observed at 2 sites using ABS pipe monitoring stations. At a wildland site, 68 of the monitoring stations were occupied by termites during the study; 53, 10, and 5 for hydrocarbon phenotypes A, B, and C, respectively. At the residential site, 26 monitoring stations were occupied; 14 and 12, for hydrocarbon phenotypes A' and D, respectively. Live body weights of workers averaged 2.28, 1.46, and 1.66 mg for phenotypes A, B, and C, respectively, at the wildland site. The workers had similar live body weights at the residential site; phenotype D averaged 2.40 mg, slightly more than the 2.26 mg for phenotype A'. There were no discernible seasonal or monthly trends in live body weights. The percentage of the monitoring stations occupied ranged from 76.7-89.3% and 81.2-93.5% at the wildland and residential sites, respectively. The estimated number of termites was low in the late fall through the early spring and peaked from June to October at the wildland site and peaked from June to November or December at the residential site. Wood consumption by Reticulitermes followed similar trends at both sites. Wood consumption was minimal during the winter, increased slightly in the spring and early summer, peaked in the summer and early fall, then declined in the late fall. Wood consumption reached 1.1-1.3 g per day per monitoring station at the wildland site and 0.8 g per day per monitoring station at the residential site.
On the spacing of Langmuir circulation in strong shear.

The inviscid instability of O(∈) two-dimensional free-surface gravity waves propagating along an O(1) parallel shear flow is considered. The modes of instability involve spanwise-periodic longitudinal vortices resembling oceanic Langmuir circulation. Here, not only are wave-induced mean effects important but also wave modulation, caused by velocity anomalies which develop in the streamwise direction. The former are described by a generalized Lagrangian-mean formulation and the latter by a modified Rayleigh equation. Since both effects are essential, the instability may be called 'generalized' Craik-Leibovich (CLg). Of specific interest is whether spanwise distortion of the wave field, both at the free surface and in the interior, acts to enhance or inhibit instability to longitudinal vortices. Also of interest is whether the instability gives rise to a preferred spacing for the vortices and whether that spacing concurs well or poorly with experiment. The layer depth is varied from much less than the e-folding depth of the O(∈) wave motion to infinity. Relative to an identical shear flow with rigid though wavy top boundary, it is found, inter alia, that wave modulation acts in concert with the free surface, at some wavenumbers, to increase the maximum growth rate of the instability. Indeed, two preferred spanwise spacings occur, one which gives rise to longitudinal vortices through a convective oscillatory bifurcation and a second, at higher wavenumber and growth rate, through a stationary bifurcation. The preferred spacings set by the stationary bifurcation concur well with those observed in laboratory experiments, with the implication that the instability acting in the experiments is very likely to be CLg.
Theoretical and practical design of pulsation damping systems

Abstract To ensure error-free measurement of fluid flow it is desirable to reduce pulsation in the measurement system piping. The adverse effects of pulsation on flow measurement have long been established and a more specific definition is being made available as work in this area is continuing. There are several adverse phenomena which cause measurement problems associated with pulsation and these have been previously defined. The most practical method for reducing pulsation in measurement systems is the application of acoustical filtering. In order to design an effective acoustical filter, several theoretical and practical considerations must be taken into account. The design of acoustical filter systems should contain both the lumped and distributed properties of the filter elements. As has been shown, damping, impedance ratios and junction theory all have significant contribution to the overall effectiveness of a filter. The origin and nature of the pulsation helps to define the aspects of the design considerations which must be included to ensure success. Low-frequency narrow-band pulsations such as those produced by reciprocating compressors will require a slightly different approach when compared with pressure reduction valve pulsation, which is characterized by broad-band high-frequency components. It is necessary in high-frequency pulsation problems also to be aware of the various forms of acoustical amplification (responses) which the filter may not be effective in reducing.
Efflux pumps and drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria can only slow down the influx of lipophilic inhibitors, and so these bacteria need active efflux pumps of broad specificity to survive. Pumps such as the Escherichia coli Acr system and its homologs make Gram-negative bacteria resistant to dyes, detergents and antibiotics.
An ultraclean cross-flow ultrafiltration technique for the study of trace metal phase speciation in seawater

A series of laboratory and field studies were conducted to test suitability and optimal sampling conditions of an Amicon ultrafiltration system for the collection of colloidal material for trace metal phase speciation studies in marine environments. A cleaning procedure is required between each sample processed to eliminate carry-over artifacts and achieve a low system blank. Mass-balance recovery of 88–109% was achieved for ultrafiltration of trace metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Fe, Zn, Hg) from estuarine samples. Results of sample storage experiments indicate that ultrafiltration should ideally be performed within 4 h of sample collection to prevent phase speciation shifts. The concentration of a number of trace metals in the permeate fraction, when plotted as a function of concentration factor, was found to fit the steady-state macromolecular permeation model of Kilduff and Weber (1992). A retentate concentration factor between 5 and 10 was optimal for most metals based on modeling the permeate metal concentration. For Galveston Bay, the colloidal fraction (1 kDa-0.45 μm) accounted for 65–85% of the Cu, 35–40% of the Ni, and 30–95% of the Pb in the filtered (< 0.45 μm) fraction. Colloidal Cu, Cuc (1 kDa-0.2 μm) was 64%, Nic was 6%, Pbc was 9% of the filtered (< 0.2 μm) fraction in deep Pacific water samples from the colloid intercomparison exercise.
Microbial δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase as a biosensor of lead bioavailability in contaminated environments.

Abstract Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) is a phylogenetically conserved enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of porphobilinogen in a key step involving the production of heme. ALAD is a metalloprotein that requires magnesium or zinc for its activity, depending on the species. In humans, ALAD activity is zinc-dependent, and has been used extensively as a biomarker for lead (Pb) exposure and toxicity. ALAD activity in other multicellular eukaryotes has been used in ecotoxicology as a biomarker for environmental lead pollution. Because microorganisms are sensitive indicators of toxicity at the fundamental level of ecological organization, we hypothesized that bacterial ALAD can serve as a reliable biomarker for lead bioavailability in contaminated environments. In this study, ALAD activity in an environmental strain of Pseudomonas putida was investigated to evaluate potential inhibition by Pb and other toxic metals. There was a statistically significant dose–response relationship between ALAD activity in cells of P. putida, ATCC 700097 and [Pb] (Pearson correlation coefficient=−0.985; r2=0.97, and P 500 μM. The relationship between Pb and ALAD activity was statistically described by log [ Pb ]=3.68−1.41[ ALAD Activity ]. In protein extracts of P. putida, ALAD activity was reduced by up to 85% in response to 500 μM of Pb. A higher concentration of Pb was needed to produce a comparable level of ALAD inhibition in P. putida cells seeded into natural freshwater, suggesting that Pb was not completely bioavailable in the water samples. In contrast to the findings with P. putida, the ALAD activity in a known metal-resistant P. aeruginosa PU21 (Rip64) was not sensitive to Pb exposure. Therefore, the sensitivity of ALAD to Pb in complex heterogenous ecosystems depends on the molecular diversity of ALAD in predominant species, and on the bioavailability of Pb.
On the Optimization of MTI Clutter Rejection

In this paper is formulated the problem of optimization of the improvement factor of a nonrecursive MTI by minimization of a quadratic form. The minimum normalized clutter output (a reciprocal of the average improvement factor) is the minimum eigenvalue of this quadratic form, and the corresponding eigenvector is the optimal weight to be used in this filter. By use of classic matrix theory, some properties of this MTI improvement factor are shown, namely, that it is bounded and is a monotonic function of the clutter spectrum variance. Also discussed is the limit of an MTI system having a large number of cancellers. Finally, the problem of a staggered-PRF MTI filter is examined, for which it is shown that its improvement factor is bounded by two equivalent constant-PRF MTI systems. One of these systems has a PRF equal to the lowest PRF of the staggered-PRF system, while the other has a PRF equal to the highest PRF of the staggered system.
Crystal Structure of the Escherichia coli Peptide Deformylase

Protein synthesis in bacteria involves the formylation and deformylation of the N-terminal methionine. As eukaryotic organisms differ in their protein biosynthetic mechanisms, peptide deformylase, the bacterial enzyme responsible for deformylation, represents a potential target for antibiotic studies. Here we report the crystallization and 2.9 A X-ray structure solution of the zinc containing Escherichia coli peptide deformylase. While the primary sequence, tertiary structure, and use of coordinated cysteine suggest that E. coli deformylase belongs to a new subfamily of metalloproteases, the environment around the metal appears to have strong geometric similarity to the active sites of the thermolysin family. This suggests a possible similarity in their hydrolytic mechanisms. Another important issue is the origin of the enzyme's specificity for N-formylated over N-acetylated substrates. Based on the structure, the specificity appears to result from hydrogen-bonding interactions which orient the substrate ...
Distributed discrete-time coupled harmonic oscillators with application to synchronised motion coordination

In this paper, distributed discrete-time coupled harmonic oscillators are studied. Convergence conditions for synchronisation of the discrete-time coupled harmonic oscillators are given. The distributed discrete-time coupled harmonic oscillators are then used to design a control strategy for symmetric formations. The purpose of the control strategy is for groups of mobile robots to move in a synchronised manner with local interaction. Both simulation and experimental results on networked mobile robots are presented. Based on the results of both simulation and experimentation, this strategy is an effective method for synchronising the motions of multiple mobile robots.
On the fast computation of cross-covariance and auto-covariance sequences

A simple linear procedure is given to compute the cross-variance sequence associated with the outputs of two rational digital filters that are driven by the same white noise sequence. Such a computation appears in the study of digital filters, Wiener filters, noise-variance estimation, low order approximations, and in the study of multichannel systems. Fast algorithms based on Euclid's algorithm are introduced to solve the linear systems of equations involved. The special case of the autocovariance computation is reviewed. Alternate polynomial representations are shown to share the same properties as the matrix equations. >
INPUT TO STATE STABILIZABILITY FOR PARAMETRIZED FAMILIES OF SYSTEMS

SUMMARY This paper studies various stability issues for parametrized families of systems, including problems of stabilization with respect to sets. The study of such families is motivated by robust control applications. A Lyapunov-theoretic necessary and sufficient characterization is obtained for a natural notion of robust uniform set stability; this characterization allows replacing ad hoc conditions found in the literature by more conceptual stability notions. We then use these techniques to establish a result linking state-space stability to ‘input to state’ (bounded-input bounded-state) stability. In addition, the preservation of stabilizability under certain types of cascade interconnections is analysed.
Characterization of irregularly shaped bodies

The shape of asteroids can at best be described as irregular. However, for certain target opportunities, it is often that a complete characterization the shape may not be necessary for the purpose of mosaicking. In case of slow spinning objects, a simple rectangular bounding is sufficient. Eigenvectors of the scatter matrix from the boundary points of an object can be used to determine the orientation of the bounding rectangle. These eigenvectors correspond physically to the directions about which the 2D projection of the object has maximum and minimum moments of inertia. An optimal mosaic size can then be determined from the aspect ratio of the bounding rectangle, and the size of the rectangle can be used to assist us in determining the starting mosaicking time. In a simple asteroid flyby scenario which the spacecraft travels in a linear trajectory with constant speed, the apparent size of the asteroid can be parameterized in a closed form. The parameter estimation can be solved by a least- squares fit using the size information derived from images taken when the angular diameter of the asteroid is less than the camera's field of view.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Superiority of Vicarious over Direct Experience in Interpersonal Conflict Resolution

In order to compare the effects of direct versus vicarious experience in conflict resolution, an actor-subject played a Prisoner's Dilemma game, while an observer-subject observed his responses and their consequences. Each then played a subsequent, private test game against a new opponent. In all three games, the simulated opponents played a tit-for-tat strategy which reinforces cooperation and punishes competition. Thus, the proportion of cooperative responses made is a measure of how frequently the subject produced the reinforced response. Observers tend to respond more cooperatively than actors in the test game, particularly if the first game was marked by high degrees of mutual competition. The results were explained by assuming that an actor is more highly motivated than an observer and has greater difficulty acquiring a new response. A speculative attribution theoretical account was offered to explain this effect The findings demonstrate that vicarious experience (observing) is superior to direct ex...
Hopeless Resistance: The Self-Look in McCullers's The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter

When reading The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter through Jean-Paul Sartre's theory of the look, one can see how the main characters respond to their existential fate by retaliating; in order to avoid obje...
Expression of recombinant microfilarial chitinase and analysis of domain function

A family of chitinase isozymes was previously characterized from the microfilariae of Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. The expression of these enzymes correlates with the onset of microfilarial infectivity for the mosquito vector. To study the role of chitinase activity in filarial transmission, the p70 chitinase from Brugia malayi was cloned and expressed in two forms: a full-length product of approximately 62 kDa and a truncated product of 43 kDa containing only the N-terminal catalytic domain. Two epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies were preserved only in the full-length recombinant enzyme. It was found that deletion of the cysteine-rich C-terminal domain increased the yield of the recombinant expression product, and did not affect the K(m) for di- or trisaccharide substrates. However, affinity for high molecular weight chitin was specific to the full-length molecule, and is apparently mediated by the cysteine-rich domain, suggesting a role for this part of the protein in targeting the secreted enzyme to its substrate.
Derivatization of amino acids with N,N-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-fluorobenzylamine for liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Derivatization, separation and identification of amino acids with a novel compound, N,N-dimethyl-2,4-dinitro-5-fluorobenzylamine (DMDNFB), using high-performance liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) was demonstrated. Compared to derivatization with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), DMDNFB-derivatized amino acids and dipeptides exhibit much larger ion current signals in the commonly used ESI positive mode, which was attributed to the introduction of the N,N-dimethylaminomethyl protonatable site.
Flavone deglycosylation increases their anti-inflammatory activity and absorption

Scope: Flavones have reported anti-inflammatory activities, but the ability of flavone-rich foods to reduce inflammation is unclear. Here, we report the effect of flavone glycosylation in the regulation of inflammatory mediators in vitro and the absorption of dietary flavones in vivo. Methods and results: The anti-inflammatory activities of celery extracts, some rich in flavone aglycones and others rich in flavone glycosides, were tested on the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Pure flavone aglycones and aglycone-rich extracts effectively reduced TNF- production and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-B, while glycoside-rich extracts showed no significant effects. Deglycosylation of flavones increased cellular uptake and cytoplasmic localization as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microscopy using the flavonoid fluorescent dye diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester (DPBA). Celery diets with different glycoside or aglycone contents were formulated and absorption was evaluated in mice fed with 5 or 10% celery diets. Relative absorption in vivo was significantly higher in mice fed with aglycone-rich diets as determined by HPLC-MS/MS (where MS/MS is tandem mass spectrometry). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that deglycosylation increases absorption of dietary flavones in vivo and modulates inflammation by reducing TNF- and NF-B, suggesting the potential use of functional foods rich in flavones for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Bus-aware microarchitectural floorplanning

In this paper we present the first bus-aware microarchitectural floorplanning. Our goal is to study the impact of bus routability on other important floorplanning objectives including area, performance, power, and thermal. We developed a fast performance-aware bus routing algorithm, which is integrated into the floorplanning engine to ensure routability while optimizing other conflicting objectives. Our related experiments performed on high performance processors show that we obtain 100% routability at the cost of minimal increase on area, performance, and power objectives under thermal constraint.
Organ-specific expression profiles of rat mammary gland, liver, and lung tissues treated with targretin, 9-cis retinoic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide.

A rexinoid, targretin, and two retinoids, 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA) and 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (4HPR), were examined for their effects on gene expression in rat mammary gland, liver, and lung tissues. The chemopreventive effects of these agents have largely been attributed to their ability to interact with retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and/or retinoid X receptors (RXR). Targretin interacts with the RXR receptors. 9cRA interacts with both the RAR and RXR receptors, whereas 4HPR has a moderate affinity primarily for RAR γ. Based on previous studies on mammary chemoprevention, targretin (150 mg/kg diet), 9cRA (100 mg/kg diet), and 4HPR (782 mg/kg diet), were administered to rats continually in their diet for 7 days. Tissue- and agent-specific expression differences were determined by comparing tissues from treated rats with those from rats given a control diet. There were significantly more changes associated with targretin than 9cRA or 4HPR. Only a limited number of expression changes were found with 4HPR treatment. For each organ, targretin- and 9cRA-treated tissues clustered closely together, whereas 4HPR-treated tissues clustered with the tissues from the control diet group. In contrast to 9cRA treatment, targretin treatment altered genes that involved fatty acid metabolism and modulation of various cytochromes P450 in the liver, clearly demonstrating the very disparate nature of these two retinoids. These expression signatures could provide useful pharmacodynamic biomarkers for retinoid treatment and chemoprevention. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):1060–72]
Inhibition and Disinhibition of Male Aggression Against Females: A Personality Moderator Approach

Three experiments examined the role of individual differences in combination with contextual factors hypothesized to moderate the level of hostility toward females evident in male participants' responses. In Study I, we manipulated survey context and examined the influence of participants' levels of rape myth acceptance (RMA) on self-reported rape likelihood. In Study 2, we examined the interactive role of target gender and participants' levels of sex guilt (SG) on aggression toward the target after exposure to an erotic film. Study 3 results suggested that high SG males have particularly negative responses to women (but not men) who enjoy erotic presentations, consistent with a “Jack-the-Ripper” interpretation of the Study 2 findings.
Efficient Design of Micro-Scale Energy Harvesting Systems

Micro-scale energy harvesting has emerged as an attractive and increasingly feasible option to alleviate the power supply challenge in a variety of low power applications, such as wireless sensor networks, implantable biomedical devices, etc. While the basic idea and system composition of micro-scale energy harvesting systems have been explored and applied in a number of prototypes in recent years, designing micro-scale efficient energy harvesting systems require an in-depth understanding of various design factors and tradeoffs. This paper provides an overview of the area of micro-scale energy harvesting and addresses various challenges and considerations involved from circuit, architecture and system perspectives. This paper explicitly highlights several subtle but essential design differences that distinguish energy harvesting systems from battery-powered embedded systems. Moreover, we envision the necessity and importance of developing a simulation tool that enables design space exploration and quick performance evaluation at the early design phase. The practical issues, challenges and considerations for implementation of this envisaged simulation tool is discussed in this paper.
The Function of the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor Delta in Energy Homeostasis

The metabolic function of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPAR δ ) has been established by transfer of the PPAR δ gene into adipose tissue of mice in vivo and into adipocytes in culture. Investigators found that δ activation by such transfer leads to up-regulation of energy expenditure by fatty acid oxidation. PPAR δ activation also results in lowered serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels and decreased lipid accumulation. In vivo activation of PPAR δ in adipose tissue protects against obesity and fatty liver in mice fed a high-calorie diet. δ also activates the heat-producing uncoupling enzymes in brown adipose tissue (UCP1 and 3) and muscle (UCP2).
A visco-plastic model for slope analysis applied to a mudslide in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy

Abstract This paper describes a visco-plastic model which, using recorded groundwater levels, is capable of simulating the velocity trend in landslides. It also deals with the phenomenon of shear strength regain that occurs in montmorillonitic clays constituting slopes during periods when landslides are stationary. The model has been validated with long-term observations of a clay slope affected by a mudslide.
Differential effects of flavonoids on 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and lipolysis

Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds that exist widely in plants, inhibit cell proliferation and increase cell differentiation in many cancerous and noncancerous cell lines. Because terminal differen...
A Data Mining Analysis of Asthma Risk Factors

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of theairways. Although causes of asthma may directly related toenvironment factors such as dust mites, pollens, cold air, etc.,we would like to find out if demographic, social and behaviorfactors also play a role. In this paper, we present a studyof the behavioral rick factors in relation to people gettingasthma. This study applies data mining techniques to the 2013Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset ofover 490,000 observations with 336 variables. The results revealsome relationships between some of these variables and asthmathat may help asthma prevention.
Understanding Organizational Socialization: Insight for Academic Advisors

The stages associated with the process of organizational socialization have clear relevance to academic advising. Through the information presented, advisors can gain a better understanding of organizational socialization. They can use this information to assist students experiencing the many changes they face as they move from exploring colleges through their first year of college life. We show how awareness of the events associated with three stages of socialization—anticipatory socialization, encounter, and metamorphosis—can assist advisors as they help students succeed in their new surroundings.
Problems on Construction

In this section we will make our constructions as it was done by the Greeks, using only an unmarked rulers and a compass. Our constructions will be based on two Euclidean postulates of plane geometry:
Changepoint estimation: another look at multiple testing problems

SUMMARY We consider large scale multiple testing for data that have locally clustered signals. With this structure, we apply techniques from change-point analysis and propose a boundary detection algorithm so that the clustering information can be utilised. Consequently the precision of the multiple testing procedure is substantially improved. We study tests with independent as well as dependent p-values. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the methods perform well with realistic sample sizes and show improved detection ability compared with competing methods. Our procedure is applied to a genome-wide association dataset of blood lipids.
Management of rapid ventricular rate in acute atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular response is a common tachyarrhythmia requiring hospitalization. The increased morbidity and mortality due to the hemodynamic consequences of acute AF is well recognized. Management strategies may be formed based on the evaluation of the entire clinical context including cardiovascular status and the associated noncardiac clinical disorders. Intravenous (i.v.) beta blockers and calcium channel blockers are equally effective in rapidly controlling the ventricular rate in acute AF in selected individuals. The addition of digoxin to the regimen causes a favorable outcome. However, digoxin as a single agent is generally inefficacious in slowing the ventricular rate in acute AF. These standard pharmacotherapies however, are contraindicated in ventricular preexcitation syndrome associated with rapid ventricular rate due to AF. In this situation the drug of choice is i.v. procainamide. When clinical condition is unstable or hemodynamically compromised, cardioversion is the treatment of choice in all cases of AF with rapid ventricular rate. Radiofrequency ablation of the AV node or anomalous tract may be considered in refractory or high risk subjects as a last resort.
Ethics and the Scientist

Abstract Ethical issues are receiving considerable attention in the scientific community just as in other areas of our society. Scientists who have in the past been accorded a select position in society are no longer guaranteed that status just by virtue of their occupation. Science, and scientists, may not yet be subject to the same intense scrutiny as some other professions, but the trend is evident. Scientists do have special obligations due to the nature of their profession, yet incidences of indiscretion are documented. Expectations of scientists in specific areas such as consulting, animal rights, advocacy, etc., are discussed, and some thoughts on the scientist as an administrator are presented. A short summary of actions being taken in the field of ethics is included.
Titanium Oxide Crystallization and Interface Defect Passivation for High Performance Insulator-Protected Schottky Junction MIS Photoanodes

Atomic layer deposited (ALD) TiO2 protection layers may allow for the development of both highly efficient and stable photoanodes for solar fuel synthesis; however, the very different conductivities and photovoltages reported for TiO2-protected silicon anodes prepared using similar ALD conditions indicate that mechanisms that set these key properties are, as yet, poorly understood. In this report, we study hydrogen-containing annealing treatments and find that postcatalyst-deposition anneals at intermediate temperatures reproducibly yield decreased oxide/silicon interface trap densities and high photovoltage. A previously reported insulator thickness-dependent photovoltage loss in metal–insulator–semiconductor Schottky junction photoanodes is suppressed. This occurs simultaneously with TiO2 crystallization and an increase in its dielectric constant. At small insulator thickness, a record for a Schottky junction photoanode of 623 mV photovoltage is achieved, yielding a photocurrent turn-on at 0.92 V vs NHE...
Projected Changes in Western U.S. Large-Scale Summer Synoptic Circulations and Variability in CMIP5 Models

AbstractLarge-scale synoptic circulations have a profound effect on western U.S. summer weather and climate. Heat waves, water availability, the distribution of monsoonal moisture, fire-weather conditions, and other phenomena are impacted by the position and amplitude of large-scale synoptic circulations. Furthermore, regional weather is modulated by the interactions of the large-scale flow with terrain and land–water contrasts. It is therefore crucial to understand projected changes in large-scale circulations and their variability under anthropogenic global warming.Although recent research has examined changes in the jet stream, storm tracks, and synoptic disturbances over the Northern Hemisphere under global warming, most papers have focused on the cold season. In contrast, this work analyzes the projected trends in the spatial distribution and amplitude of large-scale synoptic disturbances over the western United States and eastern Pacific during July and August. It is shown that CMIP5 models project ...
Behavioral considerations in the health care of adolescents.

The interrelated physical and psychological development of adolescence is an important factor in the evaluation and care of young people. A discussion of psychological growth and development is presented, followed by guidelines on interviewing the adolescent, a discussion of the psychological considerations of the physical examination, an approach to referring adolescents for psychological problems, and an analysis of physician traits that are essential for the efficacious care of adolescents.
Timing within human-agent interaction and its effects on team performance and human behavior

Current systems incorporating human-agent interaction typically place the human in a supervisory role and the agent as a subordinate. However, a key aspect of teaming is the dynamic shift in roles. Depending on the situation at hand, teaming could lead to a peer relationship where the human and agent are working together on the same task. This research investigates how the timing of agent actions impacts team performance, as well as human workload and behavior. A human-in-the-loop experiment demonstrated that when the agent performs tasks faster than the human, the human tends to become reliant upon the automation and assumes a supervisory role. A human performance model predicts that extending agent execution time will decrease human reliance on the automation. However, in the environment under investigation, a tradeoff exists between team performance and human involvement.
No-Arbitrage Pricing of Securities Under Transaction Costs

These lecture notes summarize standard machinery of an advanced course on Mathematics of Arbitrage. This note is based on material developed in a series of papers published in recent years by Prof. Walter Schachermeyer. The notes must be understood as a complementary material to the book of F. Delbaen and W. Schachermayer "Mathematics of Arbitrage" published with Springer Verlag.
Crystalline Nanometer-Scale III–V Clusters

We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale III–V clusters in the 5 to 50 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by homogeneous nucleation of a non-equilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk sample in an inert atmosphere via a high voltage electrical discharge. Transmission electron micrographs and diffraction patterns for GaAs, InAs, and InP are presented.
Development of the Consensual Non-Monogamy Attitude Scale (CNAS)

While consensual non-monogamy (CNM) is emerging as a research topic in the field of relationship science, scales intended to measure people’s attitudes toward such configurations are lacking. This study recruited 206 participants to establish the validity and reliability of the Consensual Non-Monogamy Attitude Scale, an instrument consisting of eight statements intended to determine how accepting people are of CNM relationships. Results demonstrated a single factor structure. Scale scores were positively related to sociosexual orientation and perceived satisfaction with non-monogamy and negatively associated with perceived satisfaction with monogamy. Results also revealed significant gender and sexual orientation differences.
Fourth Amendment Limitations on the Execution of Computer Searches Conducted Pursuant to a Warrant

Police officers and other government agents commonly seize and search computers during criminal investigations. When reviewing the search of a properly seized computer for compliance with the Fourth Amendment, courts face the complicated task of applying constitutional protections from the eighteenth century to today's computerized world. Many courts and commentators have attempted to draw analogies to old rules or invented new rules to evaluate these computer searches. This Note examines one "special approach" that some courts have adopted to limit the scope of computer searches, and concludes that this special approach is unwarranted. Rather, this Note argues that courts should address the novel problem of computer searches by not treating it as a novel problem at all, but by simply applying established case law that controls the search of personal documents. The application of existing doctrine to computers properly maintains the balance between privacy interests and the government's ability to investigate crimes.
Water-Energy-Food Security Nexus in the Arab Region: Thoughts and Policy Options

The Arab Region is under considerable water stress. It is also heavily reliant on imported food. The region has countries with considerable energy exports mixed in with those who are of differing degrees of reliance on imported energy. The Arab Region is one that has significant problems with energy, water, and food waste. It is also a place where energy, water, and food subsidies have added much to the resource and economic stresses of many countries. Energy, water, and food show not only stress today, but potentially much greater stresses in the future. Energy, water, and food can be considered, and policies developed about their use and development, separately. However, because of the connections between these three via the water-energy-food nexus and via the water footprints of food and energy systems and the energy footprints of water and food systems, as well as other indirect and direct connections among them, policies need to be integrated and coordinated across these three. There is much discussion of integrated water policies in the region, but the region needs to go further and consider integrated water-energy-energy-food nexus policies with nexus thinking. To develop these changes educational, outreach, training, investment, and other programs need to be developed in the region to help lead the people and their leaders to a better future. Direct cash payments and other softening tools need to be implemented to mitigate the effects of the phasing out of the massive subsidies and other distortions within the water-energy-food nexus that would otherwise lead the region to resource, economic, and political disasters. Reason and moderation will need to be defining characteristics of these policy changes. Otherwise, the shocks of change could backfire on an already unstable region. If the water-energy-food nexus policies are not developed properly, in the long run, there could be extreme resource stresses in the region beyond what have been seen to date. These resource stresses could have global implications in increased energy insecurity, increased terrorism, and increased migration from the region to more stable, more economically developed and more resource rich areas.
The oxygen isotopes

The properties of the oxygen isotopes provide diverse examples of progress made in experiments and theory. This chain of isotopes has been studied from beyond the proton drip line in 12O to beyond the neutron drip line in 25,26O. This short survey starts with the microscopic G matrix approach for 18O of Kuo and Brown in the 1960’s and shows how theory has evolved. The nuclear structure around the doubly-magic nucleus 24O is particularly simple in terms of the nuclear shell model. The nuclear structure around the doubly-magic nucleus 16O exhibits the coexistence of single-particle and collective structure.
Genome-wide mapping of histone H3K9me2 in acute myeloid leukemia reveals large chromosomal domains associated with massive gene silencing and sites of genome instability

A facultative heterochromatin mark, histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), which is mediated by histone methyltransferases G9a/GLP (EHMT2/1), undergoes dramatic rearrangements during myeloid cell differentiation as observed by chromatin imaging. To determine whether these structural transitions also involve genomic repositioning of H3K9me2, we used ChIP-sequencing to map genome-wide topography of H3K9me2 in normal human granulocytes, normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, primary myeloblasts from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and a model leukemia cell line K562. We observe that H3K9me2 naturally repositions from the previously designated "repressed" chromatin state in hematopoietic progenitors to predominant association with heterochromatin regions in granulocytes. In contrast, AML cells accumulate H3K9me2 on previously undefined large (> 100 Kb) genomic blocks that are enriched with AML-specific single nucleotide variants, sites of chromosomal translocations, and genes downregulated in AML. Specifically, the AML-specific H3K9me2 blocks are enriched with genes regulated by the proto-oncogene ERG that promotes stem cell characteristics. The AML-enriched H3K9me2 blocks (in contrast to the heterochromatin-associated H3K9me2 blocks enriched in granulocytes) are reduced by pharmacological inhibition of the histone methyltransferase G9a/GLP in K562 cells concomitantly with transcriptional activation of ERG and ETS1 oncogenes. Our data suggest that G9a/GLP mediate formation of transient H3K9me2 blocks that are preserved in AML myeloblasts and may lead to an increased rate of AML-specific mutagenesis and chromosomal translocations.
The importance of very high life satisfaction for students academic success

This study investigated whether very high levels of life satisfaction were associated with academic success at the college level. Three-hundred fifty-seven university students reported on their lif...
The “No-Disorder” Capital Defendant: Defining and Exploring a Novel Construct

ABSTRACTThe United States Supreme Court’s pivotal ruling in Lockett v. Ohio required Courts to be open to consider everything about a defendant’s mental health and background when deliberating the appropriateness of a death penalty verdict. When mental health experts testify in this context, this testimony generally includes evidence concerning the defendant’s psychopathology, serious substance abuse, or likelihood for future dangerousness. However, anecdotal accounts suggest another type of defendant occasionally stands trial for capital murder: the relatively asymptomatic, “no-disorder” individual. This defendant lacks significant psychopathology or severe personality pathology, and is usually psychologically unremarkable. This article explores the concept of the no-disorder capital defendant by defining the construct and differentiating this individual from the more typical capital defendant. We also discuss potential implications regarding mental health testimony on “no-diagnosis” defendants. Finally,...
Sources of disagreement among public and private agency paramedics.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to document the occurrence and causes of disagreements between paramedics in a tiered-response emergency medical services (EMS) system. METHODS. This cohort analysis of disagreements between paramedics sampled 63 male public agency, 90 male private agency, and 41 female private agency paramedics. Paramedics responded to Likert-type items and one open-ended item concerning the occurrence of conflict between paramedics. RESULTS On-scene conflict between EMS personnel from public and private agencies was reported by 70% of the respondents. Conflicts that interfered with patient care were reported to occur more frequently between paramedics from different types of agencies. The most commonly mentioned subject of disagreement was patient treatment, followed by patient transport, interpersonal and interagency conflicts, and patient assessment. CONCLUSION A majority of paramedics have experienced on-scene disagreements with other paramedics. Disagreements occur more frequently between paramedics from different agencies and encompass a wide range of issues concerning patient care and interpersonal relationships.
Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 1 Disease

The landscape of therapeutic options for HCV infection has dramatically changed with the approval of all-oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens. DAAs target important steps in the HCV viral life cycle, resulting in higher response rates and fewer adverse events than were afforded with interferon and ribavirin, the prior standard of care. The achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in excess of 90% with use of DAA regimens has not only translated into HCV eradication for the hundreds of thousands treated but is also anticipated to decrease the incidence of major complications associated with chronic HCV infection. Additionally, the favorable side effect profile of DAAs has made HCV therapy feasible in difficult-to-treat populations, including those with previous exposure to interferon and ribavirin, cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, HIV and HCV co-infection, and severe renal dysfunction/end stage renal disease. Given this tremendous progress, all patients infected with HCV infection should be treated.