cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-dose intranasal subunit vaccine rapidly clears secondary sepsis in a high-dose pneumonic plague infection

Abstract Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has killed millions throughout human history. Though public health initiatives have reduced the number of plague cases, it remains endemic in many areas of the world. It also remains a significant threat for use as a biological weapon. Naturally occurring multi-drug antibiotic resistance has been observed in Y. pestis, and resistant strains have been engineered for use as a biological weapon. Vaccines represent our best means of protection against the threat of antibiotic resistant plague. We have developed a vaccine consisting of two Y. pestis virulence factors, LcrV (V) and F1, conjugated to Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), a safe, non-replicating plant virus that can be administered mucosally, providing complete protection against pneumonic plague, the deadliest form of the disease and the one most likely to be seen in a biological attack. A single intranasal (i.n.) dose of TMV-F1 + TMV-V (TMV-F1/V) protected 88% of mice against lethal challenge with 100 LD50 of Y. pestis CO92pgm-, while immunization with rF1 + rV without TMV was not protective. Serum and tissues were collected at various timepoints after challenge to assess bacterial clearance, histopathology, cytokine production, and antibody production. Overall, TMV-F1/V immunized mice showed a significant reduction in histopathology, bacterial burden, and inflammatory cytokine production following challenge compared to rF1 + rV vaccinated and unvaccinated mice. Pneumonic challenge resulted in systemic dissemination of the bacteria in all groups, but only TMV-F1/V immunized mice rapidly cleared bacteria from the spleen and liver. There was a direct correlation between pre-challenge serum F1 titers and recovery in all immunized mice, strongly suggesting a role for antibody in the neutralization and/or opsonization of Y. pestis in this model. Mucosal administration of a single dose of a Y. pestis TMV-based subunit vaccine, without any additional adjuvant, can effectively protect mice from lethal infection.
Special Residency Issues

Like all other physicians, radiology residents may be held liable for malpractice if they negligently cause injury to patients by breaching the standard of care. Some state courts have ruled that residents are held to a higher standard of medical care than that for general practitioners, but less than that for fully qualified members of the specialty.1 Others have disagreed, declaring that “a resident who holds himself out as a specialist shall be held to the standard of skill expected of a specialist.”2 Even if the former viewpoint prevails in a given state, a radiology resident should not be lulled into a false sense of security regarding liability. “A court ruling that a resident is held to a lower standard of care than a fully trained specialist may mitigate the amount of damage assessed on the resident for patient injury and may expand the culpability of the resident’s employer, but such a ruling will not relieve residents from the expense of defending themselves and participating financially in any verdict or settlement.”3
Notes on Implementing Sustainable Development

"Sustainable Development" refers to a set of issues relatingto two general questions: (1) Are the presently prevailing technologies and lifestylesof economic development so destructive of the earth's natural resourcesand environment that the current pace of development cannot be maintained?(2) If so, what combinations of technology, life-style, and rate of growth aresustainable in the 'long-run,' and what mechanisms of cooperation and incentivescan be devised to implement them? After providing some introductorybackground material for newcomers to the subject, and concluding that the answerto the first question is "yes." I sketch some challenges to economic theoryimplied by the second question. In particular, I argue that, for transnational issueslike global warming, the 'standard' approaches of mechanism design theoryare inadequate in the absence of a world government or equivalent institutionfor enforcing cooperative agreements. On the other hand, the typical largemultiplicity of noncooperative equilibria of such global dynamic "games" createsa role for analysts to discover (invent?) equilibria that are superior tothe status-quo equilibrium, if indeed the current situation can reasonably beinterpreted as a (dynamic) equilibrium. I explore this idea in the context of anoversimplified model of the "Global Warming Game."
Plant root exit point search algorithm for weed control applications in organic farming

In machine vision applications, Time-of-Flight (TOF) sensors like the Photonic Mixer Devices (PMD) became considerable alternatives to common 3D sensing devices. Because of the enormous progress in TOF-vision systems, nowadays 3D matrix cameras can be used for many applications such as robotic, automotive, industrial, medical and multimedia applications. This paper focuses on the use of ToF cameras for agricultural applications in organic farming. In this paper a plant root exit point search algorithm for weed control applications is proposed. The plant root exit point of weeds must be known to allow a proper elimination. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation and experimental results.
Spherically symmetric canonical quantum gravity

Canonical quantization of spherically symmetric space-times is carried out, using real-valued densitized triads and extrinsic curvature components, with specific factor-ordering choices ensuring in an anomaly free quantum constraint algebra. Comparison with previous work [Nucl. Phys. B399, 211 (1993)] reveals that the resulting physical Hilbert space has the same form, although the basic canonical variables are different in the two approaches. As an extension, holonomy modifications from loop quantum gravity are shown to deform the Dirac space-time algebra, while going beyond ``effective'' calculations.
Abstract 1841: A miR551b/catalase/MUC1/EGFR cascade for acquired apoptosis resistance and chemoresistance in lung cancer cells

The oncoprotein Mucin-1 (MUC1) plays multiple roles in the development of different human tumors. However, whether MUC1 is involved in acquired chemoresistance, a major challenge in cancer therapy, has not been determined. Using a lung cancer cell model with acquired apoptosis resistance (AR)-associated chemoresistance, we investigated the role and mechanism of MUC1 in acquired chemoresistance. MUC1 expression was substantially increased in cells with acquired apoptosis resistance and knockdown of MUC1 expression effectively increased sensitivity of the AR cells to apoptotic cytotoxicity induced by anticancer therapeutics, substantiating a role for MUC1 in acquired chemoresistance. Decreased hydrogen peroxide-reducing enzyme catalase and increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to be associated with MUC1 overexpression. Pharmacological ROS scavengers or exogenous catalase dramatically suppressed MUC1 expression, suggesting catalase suppression-mediated ROS accumulation contributes to MUC1 overexpression. Further, we found miR-551b expression was increased in the AR cells. Knockdown of miR-551b restored catalase expression, and suppressed ROS accumulation and MUC1 expression. Finally, with manipulation of MUC1 expression, we found MUC1 promotes EGFR-mediated activation of the cell survival Akt/c-FLIP/Cox2/Mcl-1 cascade and stabilization of anti-apoptosis factors c-IAP1 and c-IAP2. Thus, our results establish a role for MUC1 in acquired chemoresistance and a pathway consisting of miR-551b/catalase/ROS for MUC1overexpression, and interventions against this pathway may be exploited for overcoming acquired chemoresistance. Citation Format: Xiuling Xu, Alexandria Wells, Mabel T. Padilla, Kwang Chul Kim, Yong Lin. A miR551b/catalase/MUC1/EGFR cascade for acquired apoptosis resistance and chemoresistance in lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1841. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1841
Cross-scale variation in species richness–environment associations

Aim The scale dependence of many ecological patterns and processes implies that general inference is reliant on obtaining scale-response curves over a large range of grains. Although environmental correlates of richness have been widely studied, comparisons among groups have usually been applied at single grains. Moreover, the relevance of environment–richness associations to fine-grain assemblages has remained surprisingly unclear. We present a first global cross-scale assessment of environment–richness associations for birds, mammals and amphibians from 2000 km down to c. 20 km. Location World-wide. Methods We performed an extensive survey of the literature for well-sampled terrestrial vertebrate inventories over clearly defined small extents. Coarser grain richness was estimated from the intersection of extent-of-occurrence range maps with concentric equal-distance circles around fine-grain assemblage location centroids. General linear and simultaneous autoregressive models were used to relate richness at the different grains to environmental correlates. Results The ability of environmental variables to explain species richness decreases markedly toward finer grains and is lowest for fine-grained assemblages. A prominent transition in importance occurs between productivity and temperature at increased grains, which is consistent with the role of energy affecting regional, but not local, richness. Variation in fine-grained predictability across groups is associated with their purported grain of space use, i.e. highest for amphibians and narrow-ranged and small-bodied species. Main conclusions We extend the global documentation of environment–richness associations to fine-grained assemblages. The relationship between fine-grained predictability of a group and its ecological characteristics lends empirical support to the idea that variation in species fine-grained space use may scale up to explain coarse-grained diversity patterns. Our study exposes a dramatic and taxonomically variable scale dependence of environment–richness associations and suggests that environmental correlates of richness may hold limited information at the level of communities.
The influence of clouds on solar radiation at sea

Determinations were made of the influence of various cloud types on solar radiation at sea. Computations were based on observations taken aboard the R. V. “Alaminos” in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and western sub-tropical Atlantic Ocean, June 1965. Only partly cloudy conditions were considered. Modifications due to clouds produced both decreases and increases in insolation values. Decreases, primarily related to reduction of the direct beam by obscuration, averaged 18 percent with cirrus clouds and 85 percent with cumulonimbus clouds; associated maximum values were 26 percent and 97 percent, respectively. Increases of insolation, related to enhancement of the diffuse component due to reflection and multiple scattering, averaged 4 percent with the cirrus and 12 percent with cumulonimbus clouds; associated maximum increases were 8 percent and 38 percent, respectively. Such increases, although of short duration, may give insolation values in excess of that of the “solar constant,” i.e., 2.00 ly/min.
Effects of Antibiotics on Induction, Viability, and Reversion Potential of L-Forms of Haemophilus influenzae

L-form variants of Haemophilus influenzae were found to be more susceptible than their parent bacilli to streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol if L-form inducer, penicillin, was present. This greater susceptibility was defined as the bactericidal effect for the variant forms of a concentration of antibiotic that is lower than but approximates the level bacteriostatic for the parents. In the absence of penicillin, reversion to and growth as bacilli occurred, although kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin were lethal for round-body inocula on antibiotic reversion media in a few instances. The development of round bodies from bacillary inocula on induction medium was inhibited by bacteriostatic concentrations of chloramphenicol or tetracycline. The bacilli survived for 72 hr or more, whereas round bodies were dead within 24 hr.
Prevascularized microtemplated fibrin scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering applications.

Myocardial infarction (MI) causes significant cell loss and damage to myocardium. Cell-based therapies for treatment of MI aim to remuscularize the resultant scar tissue, but the majority of transplanted cells do not survive or integrate with the host tissue. Scaffolds can improve cell retention following construct implantation, but often do little to enhance host-graft integration and/or show limited biodegradation. Fibrin is an ideal biomaterial for cardiac tissue engineering as it is a natural, biodegradable polymer that can induce neovascularization, promote cell attachment, and has tunable mechanical properties. Here we describe a novel, high-density microtemplated fibrin scaffold seeded with a tri-cell mixture of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and fibroblasts to mimic native cardiac tissue in structure and cellular composition to improve cell retention and promote integration with the host tissue. Scaffolds were designed with uniform architecture of parallel 60 μm microchannels surrounded ...
Intracommunity fiscal surplus and an efficient system of land-rent

Abstract Hamilton's claim that housing plus public service bundles can be efficiently supplied if each community maintains a system of differential land-rent within itself, reflecting fiscal surplus is analyzed in a general model of residential assignment.
Slow Food, Slow Film

In a memorable scene in Woody Allen's Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989), a struggling independent filmmaker, Cliff Stern (Allen) accuses Lester (Alan Alda) a famous producer of popular television situ...
Studies on dihydrofolate reductase from normal and neoplastic mouse tissue i. a comparison of the biochemical parameters

Abstract 1. 1. DMSO, OMAC, DMF, and ethanol are all able to denature protein. In addition, these solvents at low concentrations (2–12 per cent) act as non-competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. 2. 2. A relatively simple graphical method for the direct determination of the K i value for a non-competitive inhibitor is presented.
Synthesis of 3-(4-azido-5-iodosalicylamido)-4-hydroxycoumarin: photoaffinity labeling of rat liver dicoumarol-sensitive NAD(P)H: quinone reductase.

Abstract A photoaffinity analog of 4-hydroxycoumarin containing an arylazido derivative at the 3-position has been synthesized and characterized. This compound, 3-(4-azido-5-iodosalicylamido)-4-hydroxycoumarin, serves as a strong competitive inhibitor of the dicoumarol-sensitive NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (DT-diaphorase) from rat liver, having an apparent inhibition constant of 4.2 × 10 −7 M. Irradiation of the reductase with ultraviolet light in the presence of 10 μM of the photoprobe resulted in the covalent labeling of 2% of the reductase molecules. The enzyme is protected from labeling to >99% by the inclusion of 3 μM dicoumarol, consistent with the specific labeling of the 4-hydroxycoumarin binding site of this enzyme. Furthermore, the quinone reductase was shown to be specifically labeled by the probe even when contained within crude fractions of rat liver cytosol.
Adolescent Travel Patterns: Pilot Data Indicating Distance from Home Varies by Time of Day and Day of Week

We conducted a pilot study using new technology to track adolescent "place." Using Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled cell phones, we recruited and tracked 15 female adolescents for a 1-week period. Distance away from home was greatest in the evenings on weekends or holidays. The greatest percentage of time spent more than 1 kilometer away from home was also during these times. Such GPS technology holds promise for future adolescent health research in allowing more specific and dynamic measurement of where adolescents spend time.
The CREB/CRE transcriptional pathway: protection against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell death.

Formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is a precipitating event in an array of neuropathological conditions. In response to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transcriptionally dependent mechanisms drive the up-regulation of ROS scavenging proteins which, in turn, limit the extent of brain damage. Here, we employed a transgenic approach in which cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription is repressed (via A-CREB) to examine the contribution of the CREB/cAMP response element pathway to neuroprotection and its potential role in limiting ROS toxicity. Using the pilocarpine-evoked repetitive seizure model, we detected a marked enhancement of cell death in A-CREB transgenic mice. Paralleling this, there was a dramatic increase in tyrosine nitration (a marker of reactive species formation) in A-CREB transgenic mice. In addition, inducible expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α was diminished in A-CREB transgenic mice, as was activity of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Finally, the neuroprotective effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) against ROS-mediated cell death was abrogated by disruption of CREB-mediated transcription. Together, these data both extend our understanding of CREB functionality and provide in vivo validation for a model in which CREB functions as a pivotal upstream integrator of neuroprotective signaling against ROS-mediated cell death.
Face recognition based on multi-class mapping of Fisher scores

A new hidden Markov model (HMM) based feature generation scheme is proposed for face recognition (FR) in this paper. In this scheme, HMM method is used to model classes of face images. A set of Fisher scores is calculated through partial derivative analysis of the parameters estimated in each HMM. These Fisher scores are further combined with some traditional features such as log-likelihood and appearance based features to form feature vectors that exploit the strengths of both local and holistic features of human face. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is then applied to analyze these feature vectors for FR. Performance improvements are observed over stand-alone HMM method and Fisher face method which uses appearance based feature vectors. A further study reveals that, by reducing the number of models involved in the training and testing stages of LDA, the proposed feature generation scheme can maintain very high discriminative power at much lower computational complexity comparing to the traditional HMM based FR system. Experimental results on a public available face database are provided to demonstrate the viability of this scheme.
Syne-1, A Dystrophin- and Klarsicht-related Protein Associated with Synaptic Nuclei at the Neuromuscular Junction

We describe a novel protein, Syne-1, that is associated with nuclear envelopes in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. Syne-1 contains multiple spectrin repeats similar to those found in dystrophin and utrophin, as well as a domain homologous to the carboxyl-terminal of Klarsicht, a protein associated with nuclei and required for a subset of nuclear migrations in Drosophila. In adult skeletal muscle fibers, levels of Syne-1 are highest in the nuclei that lie beneath the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction. These nuclei are transcriptionally specialized, expressing genes for synaptic components at higher levels than extrasynaptic nuclei in the same cytoplasm. Syne-1 is the first protein found to be selectively associated with synaptic nuclei. Syne-1 becomes concentrated in synaptic nuclei postnatally. It remains synaptically enriched following denervation or degeneration/regeneration, and is also present at high levels in the central nuclei of dystrophic myotubes. The location and structure of Syne-1 suggest that it may participate in the migration of myonuclei in myotubes and/or their anchoring at the postsynaptic apparatus. Finally, we identify a homologous gene, syne-2, that is expressed in an overlapping but distinct pattern.
Scavenging and reclaiming phosphines associated with group 10 metal-mediated couplings.

Exposure of any of several mono- or bidentate phosphines to CuCl leads to quick removal of unwanted ligands from solution. Most phosphines, if desired, can be easily recovered.
Ensuring robust antenna designs using multiple diverse optimization techniques

The use of multiple optimization algorithms to solve a design problem in electromagnetics can offer more reliable runs and further ensure robustness in finding the global optimum design. Utilizing multiple techniques can more thoroughly search the solution space, and the advantages of each algorithm can be exploited. The PSO and CMA-ES techniques are selected to demonstrate this due to the substantial differences in their exploration mechanisms in multi-dimensional spaces. These techniques are applied to mathematical benchmark functions as well as a stacked patch design for use in weather radar systems.
Inflation, Unemployment, and Government Collapse: A Poisson Application

As democracies enter an era of economic retrenchment, the political costs associated with economic decline have come under close scrutiny by students of comparative politics and public policy. Of particular concern is the linkage between inflation, unemployment, and the collapse of incumbent governments. The present study provides an initial application of an alternative approach to measuring this linkage across 8 European democracies, and offers significant evidence linking political costs for cabinet governments with rising prices and the growing unemployment. By utilizing the Poisson method of determining probabilities of discrete events, increasing probabilities of government collapse are significantly associated with rising inflation and unemployment in European democracies between January 1958 and December 1979. Subsequent use of the Sanders and Herman's (1977) and Warwick (1979) analyses of cabinet stability provides a useful means to disaggregate the nation sample of the study into four discrete s...
Mechanism of the Modulation of Kv4:KChIP-1 Channels by External K+

In response to a prolonged membrane depolarization, inactivation autoregulates the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Slow inactivation involving a localized constriction of the selectivity filter (P/C-type mechanism) is prevalent in many voltage-gated K+ channels of the Kv1 subfamily. However, the generalization of this mechanism to other Kv channel subfamilies has remained uncertain and controversial. In agreement with a “foot-in-the-door” mechanism and the presence of ion-ion interactions in the pore, elevated external K+ slows the development of P/C-type inactivation and accelerates its recovery. In sharp contrast and resembling the regulation of the hippocampal A-type K+ current, we found that Kv4.x channels associated with KChIP-1 (an auxiliary subunit) exhibit accelerated inactivation and unaffected recovery from inactivation when exposed to elevated external K+. This regulation depends on the ability of a permeant ion to enter the selectivity filter (K+ = Rb+ = NH4+ > Cs+ > Na+); and the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of a single regulatory site is 8 mM for K+. By applying a robust quantitative global kinetic modeling approach to all macroscopic properties over a 210-mV range of membrane potentials, we determined that elevated external K+ inhibits unstable closed states outside the main activation pathway and thereby promotes preferential closed-state inactivation. These results suggest the presence of a vestigial and unstable P/C-type mechanism of inactivation in Kv4 channels and strengthen the concept of novel mechanisms of closed-state inactivation. Regulation of Kv4 channel inactivation by hyperkalemia may help to explain the pathophysiology of electrolyte imbalances in excitable tissues.
SOME NEW HORIZONS IN RECORDING THE EEG

The advent of multiple electrode recording, dense arrays and mathematical techniques such as non-linear dynamics has invigorated brain electrical recording techniques. Taking advantage of the excellent temporal resolution of the EEG, this summary review details several innovations, concentrating on (1) the rapid changes in electrical activity and a consequent stable complex pattern; and (2) the utilization of engineering techniques that have been applied across scales ranging upward from quantum physics. The implications for brain localization and for communication science are developed.
Strength increase in Ti 35 Wt Pct Nb through step-aging

The room temperature tensile properties of precipitation-hardened Ti−Nb alloys were correlated to the microstructure obtained by aging in the (α+β) phase field. Balanced strength properties with a flow stress of 100 ksi and an elongation to fracture of 4 pct were obtained by means of step aging. The distribution and size of the particles formed by step aging controlled the dislocation-particle interaction. The large α particles precipitated by first aging at 550°C imparted increased ductility while the smaller metastable particles precipitated by subsequent reaging at 400°C conferred a substantial increase in flow stress.
p21 Waf1/Cip1 protects against p53-mediated apoptosis of human melanoma cells

The tumor suppressive effect of p53 is believed to be rooted in its two primary functions: the implementation of cellular growth arrest and the execution of apoptotic cell death. While p53-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1) appears to be central for the implementation of G1 arrest, the participation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in p53-triggered cell death remains controversial. In the present study, overexpression of p53 in human melanoma SK-MEL-110 cells through use of an adenoviral expression vector (AdCMV.p53) was found to result in apoptosis, while similar infection of primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) instead resulted in a moderate inhibition of growth. Expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) was strongly elevated in VSMC, but showed little change in SK-MEL-110 cells, although expression of another p53-regulated gene (GADD45) was comparable in both AdCMV.p53-infected cell types. Evidence that p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression may be required for surviving p53-induced cell death was further supported by the finding that p53 overexpression was highly toxic for p21-deficient mouse embryonal fibroblasts (p21-/- MEFs). In both SK-MEL-110 and p21-/- MEFs, adenovirus-driven ectopic expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) resulted in a substantial protection against p53-induced apoptosis, indicating that p21(Waf1/Cip1) rescued cells from a path of programmed cell death to one of enhanced survival.
Incorporation of uranium in modern corals

Uranium occurs in corals at three sites: 1, in organic matter; 2, adsorbed on the surfaces of skeletal aragonite; and 3, in the aragonite lattice. Organic matter incorporates from sea water by chelation 40–70 ppm uranium; skeletal aragonite incorporates only 3 ppm. However, as the organic fraction is low (0·1%), its high concentration of uranium does not significantly affect the total concentration of uranium in the coral. A negligible concentration of uranium, 40–60 ppb, is adsorbed on skeletal aragonite from which it is readily leached or exchanged. This low concentration of adsorbed uranium (<2% of the total uranium in skeletal aragonite) is related to the very small specific surface area (1·5–1·8 m2/g of the corals.
MRT der Ligg. alaria symptomatischer Patienten nach HWS-Distorsionstrauma

Zusammenfassung Ziele dieser Arbeit waren die Darstellung der Ligg. alaria in der MRT und der Nachweis signifikanter Veranderungen nach HWS-Distorsionstrauma bei symptomatischen Patienten. Bei 73 Patienten mit persistierenden Beschwerden nach Schleudertrauma sowie 20 Probanden der Kontrollgruppe wurden die Ligg. alaria mit Hilfe der MRT-Dunnschichttechnik untersucht (TR 800 ms, TE 40 ms, Schichtdicke 2 mm axial, koronal und sagittal). Die verwendeten MRT-Sequenzen gewahrleisteten eine gute Darstellung der Anatomie der Kopfgelenkbander. Bei >30% der Patienten nach Schleudertrauma ergaben sich in der MRT-Untersuchung als pathologisch bewertete Veranderungen der Ligg. alaria. Signalerhohungen, asymmetrisch nur innerhalb eines Lig. alare, sowie seitendifferente Kaliber zeigten sich nur in der Gruppe der Patienten mit HWS-Distorsionstrauma. Diese Veranderungen der Ligg. alaria wurden signifikant (p < 0,01) haufiger bei einem kaudokranialen Bandverlauf beobachtet. Mit der MRT konnen nach Schleudertrauma Veranderungen der Ligg. alaria nachgewiesen werden. Hyperintense Regionen in nur einem Band sowie Asymmetrie des Kalibers sind Hinweis auf partielle Rupturen.
A responsive evaluation of mental health treatment in Cambodia: Intentionally addressing poverty to increase cultural responsiveness in therapy.

Mental health issues are significant contributors to the global burden of disease with the highest incidence in resource poor countries; 90% of those in need of mental health treatment reside in low resource countries but receive only 10% of the world's resources. Cambodia, the eighth least developed country in the world, serves as one example of the need to address mental health concerns in low-income, resource poor countries. The current study utilises responsive evaluation methodology to explore how poverty-stricken Cambodian clients, therapists and supervisors experience Western models of therapy as culturally responsive to their unique needs. Quantitative and qualitative data were triangulated across multiple stakeholders using numerous methods including a focus group, interviews, surveys, case illustrations and live supervision observation and analysed using constant comparative analysis. Emerging findings suggest that poverty, material needs, therapy location and financial situations greatly impact...
From Factory to Farm: Dissemination of Computing in High-Energy Physics

Computing in high-energy physics relied on large computers and dedicated central facilities in the 1960s and 1970s. With the advent of colliding-beam accelerators, minicomputers, and microcomputers in the 1980s, physicists elaborated a new decentralized model of computing in high-energy physics. They restored control to and autonomy of their analysis of physics data, while simultaneously replacing large computers with farms, or clusters of microprocessors custom-built for their tasks. This new division of labor has become dominant in scientific collaborations in other fields and is presented here in the context of the culture of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, which was a crucible for the creative efforts required to disseminate computing power to users. Fermilab, the last National Accelerator Laboratory, came on line as federal expenditures for high-energy physics ebbed in the 1970s and 1980s.
Thyrocalcitonin content of thyroid glands from cows with Vitamin D-induced hypercalcemia.

Pharmacologic doses of vitamin D administered to adult cows for 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 30 days resulted in a marked reduction in the thyrocalcitonin (TCT) content of the thyroid glands. The depletion of TCT was considered to be a result of the persistent hypercalcemia that developed initially on the 3rd day of vitamin D administration. The TCT content of the thyroids from cows receiving vitamin D for 5 days was only 4 % of control cows. However, cows receiving vitamin D for 5 days followed by a 48 hr interval with no vitamin D accumulated TCT in the thyroid gland to within the range of control cows. The release of TCT and subsequent hypertrophy and hyperplasia of parafollicular cells did not prevent the development of hypercalcemia due to vitamin D administration. (Endocrinology 86: 1463, 1970)
Instrumental responding to internal cues associated with REM sleep

This paper examined sleeping Ss’ ability to discriminate and respond to internal cues associated with REM sleep. Ss were instructed to press a switch, taped to their hands, four times as soon as they started dreaming. Improvement in performance was obtained when Ss were placed on an avoidance paradigm such that response failure resulted in awakening. A preliminary attempt was made to formulate the findings in terms of a motivational context. It was concluded that sleeping Ss can perform an instrumental response to cues associated with REM sleep.
MK-801, but not drugs acting at strychnine-insensitive glycine receptors, attenuate methamphetamine nigrostriatal toxicity

Repeated administration of methamphetamine (METH) results in damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Both competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and use-dependent cation channel blockers attenuate METH-induced damage. The objectives of the present study were to examine whether comparable reductions in METH-induced damage could be obtained by compounds acting at strychnine-insensitive glycine receptors on the NMDA receptor complex. Four injections of METH (5 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in a approximately 70.9% depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) and approximately 62.7% depletion of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content, respectively. A significant protection against METH-induced DA and DOPAC depletion was afforded by the use-dependent channel blocker, MK-801. The competitive glycine antagonist 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl-KA), the low efficacy glycine partial agonist (+)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone ((+)-HA-966), and the high efficacy partial glycine agonist 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ACPC) were ineffective against METH-induced toxicity despite their abilities to attenuate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. These results indicate that glycinergic ligands do not possess the same broad neuroprotective spectrum as other classes of NMDA antagonists.
WHY HR PRACTICES ARE NOT EVIDENCE-BASED

The difference between the academic literature and the practitioner literature on human resource management is an indicator and one cause of the major separation that exists between research and practice in human resource management. A great deal of what passes as “best practice” in HRM most likely is not. In some cases, there is simply no evidence that validates what are thought to be best practices, while in other cases there is evidence to suggest that what are thought to be best practices are inferior practices. In short, most organizations do not practice evidence-based human resource management. As a result, they often underperform with respect to their key stakeholders: employees, investors, and the community. There is no easy or simple way to reduce the separation between research and practice. As the result of multiple realities, we are in a world in which decision makers in organizations are not aware of, and therefore, are not influenced by much of the research that has been done in the area of human resource management. This is the result both of the type of research that is being done and where it is published. Lack of knowledge is not the only cause of the gap between research and practice. Even where research results are known and have clear implications for practice, they may not impact practice because they run counter to what practitioners prefer to do or believe is right (when it comes to people, everyone is an expert!). A brief review of the major forces that work against evidence-based (human resource) management (EBM) will serve to illustrate why it is so difficult to get organizations to practice EBM and to suggest some changes that might increase the degree to which EBM is practiced.
The detection of X-ray emission from the OB associations of the Large Magellanic Cloud

A systematic study of the X-ray properties of OB associations in the Large Magellanic Cloud has been carried out using data from the Einstein Observatory. An excess of young, X-ray-bright supernova remnants is found in the vicinity of the associations. In addition, diffuse X-ray emission is detected from over two dozen other associations; luminosities in the 0.16-3.5 keV band range from 2 x 10 to the 34th (the detection threshold) to 10 to the 36th ergs/s. For several of the more luminous examples, it is shown that emission from interstellar bubbles created by the OB stellar winds alone is insufficient to explain the emission. It is concluded that transient heating of the bubble cavities by recent supernovae may be required to explain the observed X-rays and that such a scenario is consistent with the number of X-ray-bright associations and the expected supernova rate from the young stars they contain.
Effects of multiple stressors on hyporheic invertebrates in a lotic system

Abstract The impacts of co-occurring stressors (river regulation by a dam and mine drainage) on hyporheic macroinvertebrate assemblages and environmental variables were investigated in a mountainous area of central Colorado at seven sampling sites in Lake Fork during two different seasons. Specific aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages were associated with river regulation and trace element impacts. Paraleuctra was primarily associated with mining impacted sites, while Polycelis, Hydra, and Simulium were most abundant at sites nearest the dam. There were sometimes large differences in toxicity between hyporheic and surface water samples. Occasionally toxicity was present in the surface water, but absent in hyporheic water from the same site, while on one date, toxicity was detected in the hyporheic but undetected in surface water. The distinct taxa found in the hyporheic, and differences between hyporheic and surface water quality suggest that understanding the hyporheic zone is important in the study of impacted aquatic systems.
On the language metaphor

There are many more similarities than distinctions between natural languages and the languages used in computer science. The term "language" has been used liberally as a metaphor in the discipline in terms of language creation, evolution and concept of elegance. Examples are presented to show that the language metaphor serves the discipline well.Branching off, resulting in the development of new languages, is an inevitable progression in the evolution of natural languages. The implications of this aspect of the language metaphor are considered in the form of domain-specific fields which share a common base of computing.
A latent photoreaction enhanced upon cyclodextrin encapsulation : Photochemistry of α-alkyl dibenzyl ketones in water

Abstract α-Alkyl dibenzyl ketones that are capable of undergoing both Norrish Type I and Type II reactions generally yield products of Norrish Type I reaction in organic solvents. These water insoluble ketones form water-soluble host–guest complexes with β and γ-cyclodextrins. Irradiation of the above β-cyclodextrin complexes in water leads to products of Norrish Type II reaction. This change in behavior between the guest alone in organic solvent and as host–guest complexes in water is consistent with the influence of other ordered media such as micelles and reactants such as benzoin alkyl ethers and alkyl deoxy benzoins.
Enhanced skin toxicity associated with the combination of clofarabine plus cytarabine for the treatment of acute leukemia.

Purpose Skin toxicity is associated with a number of different chemotherapeutic agents used to treat acute leukemias. The term “toxic erythema of chemotherapy” (TEC) has been coined to describe a spectrum of skin findings, ranging from palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia to erythema of major body folds, with erythroderma representing its most severe form. To clarify the types and frequencies of cutaneous reactions associated with clofarabine plus cytarabine chemotherapy and to compare these to those observed with clofarabine alone, we reviewed our institutional experience over a 5-year period.
Effects of sigma subunit and DNA template on the accessibility of rifamycin bound to RNA polymerase

Summary Measurements of energy transfer in the rapid-diffusion limit from terbium complexes to rifamycin bound to E. coli RNA polymerase core and holoenzyme show that removal of the enzyme's sigma subunit markedly decreases the accessibility of bound rifamycin to small probe molecules in solution. Binding of holoenzyme to DNA also decreases the accessibility of enzymebound rifamycin. These results are consistent with the notion that rifamycin binds in a cleft on RNA polymerase which is held open by the sigma subunit, and which is involved in DNA binding. The use of D 2 O buffers to improve experimental accuracy is also described.
Family Systems Theory: A Unifying Framework for Codependence.

Abstract According to an increasing number of experts on addictions, untold millions of people in our society are codependent. Yet, the construct of codependence is variously defined, undermining its clinical and research utility. In addition, the relationship between the various symptoms (e.g., addictions), the dynamics of dysfunctional families, and codependence has not been fully developed. This paper offers a critical review and synthesis of the codependency literature, along with an intergenerational family systems framework for conceptualizing the relationship of the dysfunctional family to the construct of codependence. The paper presents a theoretical basis for systemic clinical work and research.
Localized outbreak of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Paradigm for introduction and spread of gonorrhea in a community.

ABSTRACT In King County, Washington, penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections increased from 0.8% of reported cases of gonorrhea in 1986 to 6.8% of cases in the third quarter of 1987, then stabilized at 2.7% to 3.6% of cases. Of 268 penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae isolates tested, 159 (59%) belonged to a single clone, as evidenced by auxotyping, protein-I serotyping, plasmid analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. As this strain spread, the predominance of cases shifted from whites to blacks and from men to equal numbers of men and women. The proportion of cases associated with illicit drug use rose steadily from 19% in the first quarter of 1987 to 82% in the fourth quarter. Sixty percent of cases occurred in prostitutes or recent sexual contacts of prostitutes. These results suggest that core gonorrhea transmitters in King County are predominantly black illicit drug users, prostitutes, and their sexual partners. These are priority target populations for behavioral intervention and other measures to control the spread of all sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection.(JAMA. 1989;261:2357-2361)
Nucleoside diphosphate kinase: role in bacterial growth, virulence, cell signalling and polysaccharide synthesis

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) is an important enzyme that generates nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) or their deoxy derivatives by terminal phosphotransfer from an NTP such as ATP or GTP to any nucleoside diphosphate or its deoxy derivative. As NTPs, particularly GTP, are important for cellular macromolecular synthesis and signalling mechanisms, Ndk plays an important role in bacterial growth, signal transduction and pathogenicity. Specific examples of the role of Ndk in regulating growth, NTP formation and cell surface polysaccharide synthesis in two respiratory tract pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are discussed.
Effect on aphid feeding of dietary methionine.

RECENT behavioural and nutritional investigations on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) fed and reared on synthetic diets have shown that the sucrose concentration and the overall level of the twenty amino-acids in the diet markedly affect the rate of ingestion of the diet1 as well as the rate of growth of the aphid2. Specifically with respect to the amino-acids, diets with a total amino-acid concentration of less than 1 per cent were fed on minimally and supported only poor or no growth. Rates of uptake and growth increased as the concentration was increased to 3.0 per cent; but whereas uptake declined somewhat, the growth rate continued to increase beyond that level to 4.8 per cent, the highest concentration tested.
Taxonomic differences in the essential fatty acid composition of groups of freshwater zooplankton relate to reproductive demands and generation time

Summary 1. Marked differences were observed in the total fatty acid concentrations and essential fatty acid (EFA) distributions of co-existing freshwater copepods and cladocerans in four large lake systems (lakes Michigan, Erie, Ontario and Champlain) over two growing seasons. These patterns appeared independent of lake seston EFA composition. 2. Compared to the cladocerans, calanoid and cyclopoid copepods contained significantly higher concentrations of total fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an EFA abundant in fish. Calanoids and cladocerans contained similar levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but cladocerans showed EPA : DHA ratios consistently greater than those of the available seston food source. Alpha-linolenic acid was most abundant in the herbivorous cladocerans, Daphnia and Holopedium, while the highest concentrations of arachidonic acid were found in the predatory cladocerans, Bythotrephes longimanus and Leptodora kindtii. 3. The distinct EFA accumulation patterns between cladoceran and copepod zooplankton suggest metabolic regulation of certain EFAs to meet the particular physiological demands and ecological strategies of these different zooplankton groups. Cladocerans may accumulate EPA directly from their diet, or through transformation of dietary materials to facilitate rapid somatic growth and enhance reproduction due to their short generation time. In contrast, copepods may retain DHA to increase their cell membrane fluidity in order to remain active over the winter due to their longer generation time and life cycle. 4. Consistent EFA differences between zooplankton groups may have implications regarding the somatic growth and reproductive success of different zooplankton taxa as well as the nutritional value of various zooplankton groups for larval and planktivorous fish.
Passive immunization of mice pups through oral immunization of dams with a plant-derived vaccine

Passive immunization plays an important role in protecting young mammals against pathogens before the maturation of their own immune systems. Although many reports have shown active immunization of animals and human through the use of plant-derived vaccines, only one report has given evidence of passive immunization of offspring through oral immunization of parents using plant-derived vaccines. In this case, a challenge alone provided the evidence of passive immunization and the mechanism through which this occurred was not investigated. This report describes the first step in elucidating the mechanism of passive immunization of offspring through actively immunizing the female parent through an orally delivered, plant-derived vaccine. The authors found passive immunization of offspring was caused by transfer of antigen-specific IgG through either transplacental transfer or ingesting colostrum. Future studies will investigate the roles of transplacental antibody transfer and ingesting colostrum in passive immunization and the possible involvement of IgA in this immunization route.