cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical comparison of two segregation indices for binary powder mixtures

Abstract A segregation index for vibrated binary mixtures, based on the concentration profile of the fines in a segregation cell, is proposed. Like Williams' segregation coefficient, it takes into account the overall composition of the mixture. Its major parameter, however, is the fines weight fraction at the very bottom and not in the bottom half of the cell. Computer simulations of various concentration profiles show that it is a more sensitive index, especially for segregating mixtures having a narrow concentration profile or a low fines concentration. This is because even when all or most of the smaller particles are found at the bottom half of the cell, their distribution is still taken into account. The index was developed for mixtures whose compressibility and density changes along the cell height can be ignored. For such mixtures, it suffices to measure the fines concentration at the very bottom in order to calculate the index without actually determining the whole concentration profile in the cell. Determination of the profile may still be advisable, however, in order to verify the assumptions on which the index calculation is based.
IS IT THE EXCEPTION OR THE RULE? DAILY CO-OCCURRENCE OF PHYSICAL, SEXUAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PARTNER VIOLENCE IN A 90-DAY STUDY OF SUBSTANCE-USING, COMMUNITY WOMEN.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the daily co-occurrence of physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) among substance-using, community-based women currently experiencing IPV. METHODS: A micro-longitudinal study design was used to collect data daily from 49 women for 90 days. RESULTS: On the majority of days (62%), no IPV occurred; 27% of days were characterized by psychological IPV alone, followed by the co-occurrence of psychological and physical IPV (6% of IPV days). Results of person-level analyses showed comparable sized correlations between the proportion of days with physical and sexual IPV and the proportion of days with physical and psychological IPV. However, results of day-level analyses revealed that the association between physical and psychological IPV was much stronger than the association between physical and sexual IPV; Physical IPV was 64 times more likely to occur on days when psychological IPV occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed new information about physical, sexual, and psychological IPV experiences and demonstrate the utility of a micro-longitudinal design among this high risk population. Implications for practice, future research, and the development of preventive interventions are noted, underscoring the importance of psychological IPV and the range of IPV experiences among women. Language: en
Delayed Recovery of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Regenerating Arterioles of Skeletal Muscle Autografts

Abstract This study investigated the responses of regenerating arterioles in grafted skeletal muscle to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine (ACh); the substrate for endotheliumderived relaxing factor (EDRF), L-arginine (L-Arg); and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Additionally, responses of graft arterioles to the endothelium-independent substances adenosine (Ado) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. The retractor muscle of hamsters was removed, placed in a myotoxic solution, and grafted into its original site. The graft revascularized spontaneously by sprouting of vessels in surrounding tissue. Quantification of changes in arteriolar luminal diameter was accomplished using in vivo video microscopy at 30, 45, and 60 days postgrafting. In 30-day grafts, there was little or no response to topically applied ACh or L-Arg. By 45 days, arteriole response to 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4M ACh and 10-4 L-Arg was 0, 4, 20, and 17% of the control response, respectively. SNP (10-6-10-4M) produced approximately 50% of the control response at both 30 and 45 days. By 60 days the response of graft arterioles to ACh, L-Arg, and SNP was not different from controls. Arteriolar response in 30-day grafts to Ado (10-6-10-4M) was significantly attenuated, but was not different from control by 45 days. Responsiveness of arterioles to NE had recovered to control levels by 30 days postgrafting. These data indicate that the restoration of endothelium-dependent regulation of arteriolar dilation lags behind endothelium-independent, receptor-mediated mechanisms. The diminished response of regenerating arterioles may be related to dysfunctions in both the synthetic pathway for EDRF and the guanylate cyclase/cGMP mechanism for vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation and/or flow-dependent mechanisms of blood flow regulation.
Indices of Industrial Diversity and Regional Economic Composition

Attempts to differentiate regions from one another, whether in social, demographic, or economic terms, have led to the development of numerous indices to summarize the economic composition of regions. This study revisits classic indices of industrial diversity to evaluate their applicability for benchmarking local and regional economies. Specifically, we explore a multivariate extension of these diversity indices for measuring concentration in an effort to evaluate their ability to accurately depict spatial relationships of county level resources for the contiguous U.S. The relative abilities of the classic indices are compared to a developed measure of resource concentration, the County Similarity Index (CS-Index), which represents a computationally simple and flexible alternative to these indices. Results suggest the CS-Index produces superior results to the indices evaluated, particularly with regard to the spatial relationships of county resource concentrations, which are quantified using global and local indicators of spatial association.
Characterization of reactively sputtered c-axis aligned nanocrystalline InGaZnO4

Crystallinity and texturing of RF sputtered c-axis aligned crystal InGaZnO4 (CAAC IGZO) thin films were quantified using X-ray diffraction techniques. Above 190 °C, nanocrystalline films with an X-ray peak at 2θ = 30° (009 planes) developed with increasing c-axis normal texturing up to 310 °C. Under optimal conditions (310 °C, 10% O2), films exhibited a c-axis texture full-width half-maximum of 20°. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed these results, showing alignment variation of ±9° over a 15 × 15 nm field of view and indicating formation of much larger aligned domains than previously reported. At higher deposition temperatures, c-axis alignment was gradually lost as polycrystalline films developed.
Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia: the first 100 years.

Abstract:In 1903, Erdheim described the case of an acromegalic patient with a pituitary adenoma and three enlarged parathyroid glands. Fifty years later, Underdahl et al reported 8 patients with a syndrome of pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic islet adenomas. In 1954, Wermer found that the syndr
Experience of a Professor of Finance with the Global “Chartered Financial Analyst” Professional Designation: An Opinion

This article shares the author’s experience over an 11-year period as a professor of finance who earned the globally recognized professional designation of Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), sponsored by CFA Institute. There are many benefits that a finance professor can realize by completing the requirements for earning the CFA charter. These benefits are classified into three categories: classroom, career, and research. The author hopes that sharing this rewarding experience with fellow finance professors and other business professors encourages them to pursue career-related professional designations in order to grow professionally and help their students.
On-Line Testing of Lab-on-Chip Using Digital Microfluidic Compactors

Dependability is an important system attribute for microfluidic lab-on-chip devices. On-line testing offers a promising method for detecting defects, fluidic abnormalities, and bioassay malfunctions during chip operation. However, previous techniques for reading test outcomes and analyzing pulse sequences are cumbersome, sensitive to the calibration of capacitive sensors, and error-prone. We present a built-in self-test (BIST) method for on-line testing of digital microfluidic lab-on-chip. This method utilizes microfluidic compactors based on droplet-based AND gates, which are implemented using digital microfluidics. Dynamic reconfiguration of these compactors ensures low area overhead and it allows BIST to be interleaved with bioassays in functional mode.
Heterosis in Poultry 3. Predicting Combining Ability of Performance in the Crossbred Fowl

ABSTRACT DURING the last few years a considerable increase has occurred in the number of fowl produced by cross-matings in the United States. According to the U. S. Agricultural Research Service (1956), 43% of the hatchery breeding flocks in the National Poultry Improvement Plan during the 1955–56 hatching season were cross-mated or incross-mated. In addition, strains within varieties or breeds are widely used for the production of strain crosses. If the “pure” lines used to produce crosses contain much inbreeding, with its accompanying depressing effect on performance, the final cross is almost of necessity a three- or four-way cross. This is made necessary as a result of the higher cost of breeding if one or both parents are inbred. MacLaury and Nordskog (1956), combining their study on inbreeding with those of Wilson (1948), and Stephenson (1949), estimated that the egg and chick cost at 50 percent inbreeding are about 50 . . .
Mechanisms of Stationary Phase Mutation: A Decade of Adaptive Mutation

▪ Abstract A decade of research on adaptive mutation has revealed a plethora of mutagenic mechanisms that may be important in evolution. The DNA synthesis associated with recombination could be an important source of spontaneous mutation in cells that are not proliferating. The movement of insertion elements can be responsive to environmental conditions. Insertion elements not only activate and inactivate genes, they also provide sequence homology that allows large-scale genomic rearrangements. Some conjugative plasmids can recombine with their host's chromosome, and may acquire chromosomal genes that could then spread through the population and even to other species. Finally, a subpopulation of transient hypermutators could be a source of multiple variant alleles, providing a mechanism for rapid evolution under adverse conditions.
Wind Stress Curl Forcing of the Coastal Ocean near Point Conception, California*

Near Point Conception, California, the atmospheric flow separates from the coast and a large wind stress curl results. Direct spatial wind field observations from 20 aircraft overflights in the spring of 1983 suggest that Ekman pumping of on average 4 m day21 contributes to the local dynamics. During strong and persistent upwelling events the curl-driven Ekman pumping reaches up to 20 m day21. A single complex empirical orthogonal function explains more than 72% of the spatial and temporal wind stress variance. It reveals large wind stress curl at the center of the western Santa Barbara Channel entrance. This dominant mode correlates strongly (r 2 5 0.79) with the wind stress observed at a moored buoy. The location of largest Ekman pumping in the ocean indicated by this mode coincides with the location of a laterally sheared, cyclonic flow. Cold upwelled waters enter the Santa Barbara Channel along its southern perimeter while warm, and thus buoyant, waters from the Southern California Bight exit the channel along its northern perimeter. Buoy wind stress and lateral current shear at 30-m depth correlate significantly at periods of about 3.5 and 6 days with phase lags of about 0.5 and 2 days, respectively. Hydrographic observations from 1983 do not, however, indicate effects of Ekman pumping on the internal mass field as winds vary in speed and direction at daily timescales. This contrasts with 1984 observations that do indicate strong doming of isopycnals over the center of the channel at its western entrance. Winds prior to and during hydrographic observations in the spring of 1984 were both stronger and more steady than they were in 1983. Cyclonic shears reach 0.4 f at the entrance of the Santa Barbara Channel near Point Conception; here f is the planetary vorticity. The thermal wind balance explains the lateral shear of the alongchannel surface flow rather well.
Spontaneous activation of ovulated rat oocytes during in vitro culture

Ovulated rat oocytes were observed to activate spontaneously during in vitro culture. The possible mechanisms involved in this activation were studied by culturing oocytes at various times (0-6 hr) after ovulation, in different media, and for different incubation periods (0-5 hr). Activated oocytes extruded the second polar body within 60 to 90 min of culture. Following 3 to 4 hr of culture chromosomes were scattered throughout the cytoplasm; however, no pronuclear formation was observed. Neither time after ovulation nor incubation in different media affected the rate of activation. The length of time the oviducts remained in the animal after cervical dislocation, however, significantly (P less than 0.01) affected the rate of activation. Oocytes obtained as rapidly as possible had an activation rate of 21% during in vitro culture, whereas oocytes obtained from oviducts which remained in the animal for 5 min after cervical dislocation had an activation rate of 94%. Therefore, exposure to changing oviductal conditions following cervical dislocation appears to be the critical factor influencing spontaneous activation of metaphase II rat oocytes during in vitro culture. Our studies demonstrate that rat oocytes can spontaneously activate during in vitro culture, a factor which may affect the fertilizability of the oocyte.
Single-Mode Superconductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Nanostructures

The properties of superconductors at the extreme limits of dimensionality are of fundamental interest. The interface of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 hosts a quasi-two-dimensional superconductor below Tc≈200 mK. Here we report superconductivity in nanowire-shaped structures created at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface using conductive atomic force microscope lithography. Nanowire cross-sections are small compared to the superconducting coherence length in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (w <<ξSC∼100 nm), placing them in the quasi-1D regime. The ability to “write” fully superconducting nanostructures on an insulating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 “canvas” opens possibilities for the development of new families of superconducting nanoelectronics. Four-terminal transport measurements suggest that in some devices both the normal and superconducting states are confined to a single quantum channel.
Ca2+ regulation of Phyllosticta ampelicida pycnidiospore germination and appressorium Formation.

Abstract Phyllosticta ampelicida conidia germinate only after making contact with and attaching to a substratum. Previous studies suggested a role for Ca 2+ in this process. A Ca 2+ buffering system was used to control the external free Ca 2+ concentration. Both germination and appressorium formation were reduced or abolished with low Ca 2+ (less than or equal to nanomolar levels) but were nearly 100% at millimolar levels of Ca 2+ . Germination initiation required Ca 2+ within 10–25 min after the spore made contact with the substratum. Appressorium initiation required Ca 2+ 90–120 min following initial contact. Ca 2+ channel blockers nicardipine and lanthanum abated spore development. TMB-8, a blocker of internal Ca 2+ channels, reduced both developmental events. Gadolinium, a putative stretch-activated Ca 2+ channel blocker, abolished both developmental events at nanomolar levels. Calmodulin antagonists, compounds R-24751 and 48/80, abated spore development at micromolar levels. Together, these results suggest that Ca 2+ signaling is involved in both germination and appressorium formation in P. ampelicida pycnidiospores.
Linear and hammerstein subspace identification of a human controlling a ball and beam using the quanser engineering trainer haptic interface

Identification of human subjects has widespread applications. In this paper, we perform system identification of a human controlling a ball and beam setup through a Quanser engineering trainer haptic interface. The identification of the human in the loop is performed using subspace-based nonlinear identification algorithms. Several combinations of inputs and nonlinearities in inputs are tested. The identified controllers are implemented through Simulink. Results for two human subjects with and without the haptic feedback and a pre-programmed PID controller are compared
Sleep Homeostasis and Cortical Synchronization: II. A Local Field Potential Study of Sleep Slow Waves in the Rat

Study Objective: Sleep slow-wave activity (SWA, EEG power between 0.5 and 4.0 Hz) decreases homeostatically in the course of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) sleep. According to a recent hypothesis, the homeostatic decrease of sleep SWA is due to a progressive decrease in the strength of corticocortical connections. This hypothesis was evaluated in a large-scale thalamocortical model, which showed that a decrease in synaptic strength, implemented through a reduction of postsynaptic currents, resulted in lower sleep SWA in simulated local field potentials (LFP). The decrease in SWA was associated with a decreased proportion of high-amplitude slow waves, a decreased slope of the slow waves, and an increase in the number of multipeak waves. Here we tested the model predictions by obtaining LFP recordings from the rat cerebral cortex and comparing conditions of high homeostatic sleep pressure (early sleep) and low homeostatic sleep pressure (late sleep). Design: Intracortical LFP recordings during baseline sleep and after 6 hours of sleep deprivation. Setting: Basic sleep research laboratory. Patients or Participants: WKY adult male rats. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: Early sleep (sleep at the beginning of the major sleep phase, sleep immediately after sleep deprivation) was associated with (1) high SWA, (2) many large slow waves, (3) steep slope of slow waves, and (4) rare occurrence of multipeak waves. By contrast, late sleep (sleep at the end of the major sleep phase, sleep several hours after the end of sleep deprivation) was associated with (1) low SWA, (2) few high-amplitude slow waves, (3) reduced slope of slow waves, and (4) more frequent multipeak waves. Conclusion: In rats, changes in sleep SWA are associated with changes in the amplitude and slope of slow waves, and in the number of multipeak waves. Such changes in slow-wave parameters are compatible with the hypothesis that average synaptic strength decreases in the course of sleep.
Relationships Among Subjective and Objective Measures of Tongue Strength and Oral Phase Swallowing Impairments

A growing literature documents the relationship between tongue strength and oral phase swallowing function. Objective measures of strength have been recommended as more valid and reliable than subjective measures for the assessment of tongue function, yet subjective measures remain the more commonly used clinical method for assessing tongue strength. This study assessed the relationships among subjective and objective measures of tongue strength and oral phase swallowing impairments. Both subjective and objective measures of tongue strength were observed to be good predictors of the presence of oral phase swallowing impairments. The specific oral phase swallowing functions of bolus manipulation, mastication, and clearance were moderately correlated with subjective ratings of tongue strength. Experienced and inexperienced raters appeared to judge tongue strength differently, with the ratings of experienced raters being more predictive of swallowing function.
A lovebird (Psittaciformes: Agapornis ) from the Plio-Pleistocene Kromdraai B locality, South Africa

The previous report of the presence of lovebirds (Agapornis) at the Plio-Pleistocene Kromdraai B fossil locality is confirmed by the identification of a humerus from Member 3. That fossil specimen differs from extant lovebird species in morphology, and its slightly smaller size indicates that it likely represents an extinct taxon. This lovebird specimen is likely from the early Pleistocene (younger than 1.95 Myr) and appears to have been deposited around the same time as the fossil hominid specimens that have been uncovered at the site. The modern preference of lovebirds for a wide variety of wooded and forested habitats adds support to the mammalian-based idea that the palaeohabitat around Kromdraai B where Australopithecus robustus lived in the early Pleistocene was a mosaic that included wooded or forested habitats.
Graduate Student Space and Service Needs: A Recommendation for a Cross-campus Solution

ABSTRACT Focus group methodology was used to investigate graduate students' cross-campus technology, space and service needs. Although the library provides valued services and spaces, graduate students need enhanced and more equitable support for their roles as teachers and scholars. Librarians can provide leadership and act as advocates for graduate student needs in partnership with other campus stakeholders.
Expression of a Drosophila mRNA is under circadian clock control during pupation.

Summary Rhythmic eclosion of Drosophila adults requires per gene function. We have found that a previously identified 0.9 kb RNA transcribed from DNA adjacent to per becomes abundantly expressed during pupation, just prior to eclosion. The daily synchronized emergence of young adults, coupled with a subsequent rapid decay of the transcript, is responsible for what previously appeared to be cycling of the 0.9 kb RNA in adults. In situ hybridization analyses localize the 0.9 kb transcript to the epidermis of newly eclosed adults. Conceptual translation of genomic DNA and cDNA sequences predicts that the 0.9 kb transcript produces a 261 amino acid protein containing a putative signal sequence for membrane transport at its amino terminus. Pupae that reach the same stage of development at slightly different times of day show a subsequent synchronized rise in 0.9 kb RNA levels, indicating that the expression of this transcript is under circadian clock control.
Software development and related security issues

Security is a serious problem in software development, and may become much worse in the future. Unfortunately there is no simple solution to the software security problem. Today's software developers must deal with large numbers of defects in released software. Many security issues result from these defects - defects that occur during software design and development. These defects are unintentional, and their prevalence can be reduced during the development process in order to enhance security. Security must be integrated into the software development life cycle from the beginning and continue until the product is in use. This paper discusses security issues in the design and development of the software.
Improving security using extensible lightweight static analysis

Most security attacks exploit instances of well-known classes of implementation flaws. Developers could detect and eliminate many of these flaws before deploying the software, yet these problems persist with disturbing frequency-not because the security community doesn't sufficiently understand them but because techniques for preventing them have not been integrated into the software development process. This article describes an extensible tool that uses lightweight static analysis to detect common security vulnerabilities (including buffer overflows and format string vulnerabilities).
Characterization of Bacillus anthracis Germinant Receptors In Vitro

Bacillus anthracis begins its infectious cycle as a metabolically dormant cell type, the endospore. Upon entry into a host, endospores rapidly differentiate into vegetative bacilli through the process of germination, thus initiating anthrax. Elucidation of the signals that trigger germination and the receptors that recognize them is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of B. anthracis. Individual mutants deficient in each of the seven putative germinant receptor-encoding loci were constructed via temperature-dependent, plasmid insertion mutagenesis and used to correlate these receptors with known germinant molecules. These analyses showed that the GerK and GerL receptors are jointly required for the alanine germination pathway and also are individually required for recognition of either proline and methionine (GerK) or serine and valine (GerL) as cogerminants in combination with inosine. The germinant specificity of GerS was refined from a previous study in a nonisogenic background since it was required only for germination in response to aromatic amino acid cogerminants. The gerA and gerY loci were found to be dispensable for recognition of all known germinant molecules. In addition, we show that the promoter of each putative germinant receptor operon, except that of the gerA locus, is active during sporulation. A current model of B. anthracis endospore germination is presented.
Adolescent Precursors of Pathways From School to Work

Longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study is used to examine: (1) how young people establish work with self-identified career potential and how these patterns are linked to educational attainments; and (2) how adolescent achievement orientations, experiences in school and work, and sociodemographic background distinguish youth who establish themselves in careers and those who flounder during this transition. Multilevel latent class models reveal four school-to-work pathways from ages 18 to 31: two groups that attain careers through postsecondary education (via Bachelor's or Associates-Vocational degrees) and two groups that do not (distinguished by attempting college). Multinomial logistic regression models demonstrate that academic orientations, socioeconomic background, and steady paid work during high school help adolescents avoid subsequent floundering during the school-to-work transition.
Teachers Perceptions of Effects of a Student's Death: A Phenomenological Study:

When a student dies in a school setting many school professionals step in and offer grief services to the students affected. In the classrooms, teachers are expected to step in and help the students grieve; however, equivalent support for teachers seems to be lacking. This study explored the lived experiences of teachers who experienced the unanticipated death of a student. From the analysis, the following themes emerged: (a) releasing feelings, (b) resources (c) lost academic time and redirection, and (d) honoring the memory. The results of this study reinforce the need for training for school teachers to help them better cope with the death of a student. Particularly, school professionals are called on to be proactive in creating a model to have in place to actively support teachers dealing with the grief and loss of a student.
Suspensions of nickel nanowires as magneto-optical switches

Application of modest magnetic fields can be used to control the direction in which laser light incident on aqueous suspensions of magnetic Ni nanowires (∼200 nm in diameter and ∼10 µ mi n length) is preferentially scattered. Similar effects were observed for suspensions of these nanowires prepared in ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. In glycerol, the nanowires settle sufficiently slowly that the effects can be quantified. In particular, fields of the order of 100 Oe cause the intensity of light scattered in the forward direction to vary by as much as a factor of thirty-five simply by changing the direction of the field.
Openness, External Risk, and Volatility: Implications for the Compensation Hypothesis

A central assumption in the globalization literature is that economic openness generates economic insecurity and volatility. Based on this assumption, scholars of international political economy have proposed the compensation hypothesis, which claims that globalization bolsters rather than undermines the welfare state by increasing public demand for social protection against externally generated economic instability. The openness-volatility link is dubious, however, on both theoretical and empirical grounds. In this study, I revisit the volatility assumption, focusing on a crucial difference between openness and external risk in their effect on volatility. My statistical analysis of a panel data set from 175 countries (1950–2002) finds a consistent effect of external risk on volatility of the major economic aggregates, but a largely insignificant effect of openness. These findings suggest that economic volatility may be a mistaken link in explaining the openness-spending nexus, calling for further research on the causal mechanisms linking the two.Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, and at the 2004 Ph.D. Colloquium of the Interdisciplinary Studies Program, Florida Atlantic University. My deepest thanks go to the late Michael Wallerstein whose insights, guidance, and encouragement were indispensable for this research. I also thank Stephen Haggard, Dukhong Kim, Jeffrey Morton, Edward Schwerin, Yumin Sheng, and Yael Wolinsky-Nahmias for their invaluable support and thoughtful comments. Finally, I would like to appreciate the editor-in-chief and two anonymous reviewers for their perceptive criticisms that greatly improved this article.
HIV/AIDS and Other STDs among Adults over 50

Health care providers can no longer afford to regard HIV/AIDS and as a disease of youth and young adulthood. Men and women over the age of 50 account for more than 15% of all new HIV/AIDS cases, and within the next decade, and rates of infection are increasing nearly four times faster among older than young adults. Estimates also indicate that within the next decade, more than half of all people living with HIV/AIDS will be aged 50 and older. The primary means of infection among both older men and women is through sexual contact, followed by IV drug use. Racial disparities are evident as older African-Americans are 12 times, and Latinos are four times, more likely to be diagnosed with HIV/AIDS than Whites. Older adults face increased risk for infection due to misinformation about HIV/AIDS, limited use of condoms, and a decrease in immune system functioning with age. Post menopausal women face additional risk due to thinning of the vaginal lining which makes it easier for the virus to enter the bloodstream. Early symptoms of HIV/AIDS among older adults often include memory loss and confusion, which can be misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease or dismissed as “normal” signs of aging. Unfortunately, older adults living with HIV/AIDS suffer greater side- effects from antiviral medications, more severe symptoms from comorbid chronic illnesses, age, and HIV- associated stigma and discrimination, and greater mortality when compared to younger adults with HIV/AIDS. Significant increases in other STD diagnoses among middle-aged and older adults also emerge in relation to Chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and genital warts. As none currently exist, a significant need exists for age-specific primary prevention programs for HIV/AIDS and other STDs among older adults.
Development of a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Multi-zone Model for Simulation of Axial and Radial Substrate Temperature and Particulate Matter Distribution

The catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) is an important exhaust aftertreatment subsystem that is managed by the electronic control unit (ECU) of an engine. CPFs need periodic regeneration to avoid temperature exotherms and excess engine back pressure. To this end, a multi-zone particulate filter (MPF) model was developed in this research to serve as a simulation tool to provide on-board diagnostics (OBD) data for managing CPF active regeneration (AR). The MPF model runs in real time within the ECU to provide feedback on temperature and particulate matter (PM) loading distribution within each axial and radial zone of the filter substrate. The MPF model accounts for the internal and external heat transfer mechanisms, inlet temperature distribution using the fully developed boundary layer concept, and PM oxidation by thermal (O2)- and NO2-assisted oxidation mechanisms. A calibration procedure was developed to calibrate the PM kinetics and heat transfer coefficients of the MPF model. The model shows the good capability to predict temperature and PM loading distribution within the filter.
Perceptual Construction: Rereading The Social Construction of Reality Through the Sociology of the Senses:

In this paper, I bring Berger and Luckmann’s The Social Construction of Reality into conversation with the relatively new subfield of the sociology of the senses to argue that greater attentiveness to sensory perception can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of the social construction of reality. When read with this sensitization, one finds implicit references to the senses throughout their discussion, but nowhere is sensory perception explicitly theorized as a part of the social construction process. Drawing specifically on their analysis of primary socialization, face-to-face interaction, language and relevance structures, and the fundamental dialectic of externalization, objectivation, and internalization, I demonstrate that processes of perceptual construction – specifically sensory attention and disattention – are key mechanism of social construction underlying many of Berger and Luckmann’s arguments. A more explicit focus on sensory perception not only clarifies and strengthens many of thei...
Ichnologic note: Scratch circles from the Towaco Formation (Lower Jurassic), Riker Hill, Roseland, New Jersey

Scratchings, forming two partial scratch circles, surround a narrow, filled tube probably formed by a plant stem. The scratchings are interpreted to have formed as follows: Water currents carrying sediment onto a floodplain swirled around the plant leaves, etching out partial scratch circles on the sediment surface. Later settling of the finest material resulted in a veneer of mud filling the scratch circles. Drag marks on the bedding surface were formed by the same processes. Later drying of the mud resulted in the formation of desiccation cracks.
Jun, the oncoprotein

Cellular Jun (c-Jun) and viral Jun (v-Jun) can induce oncogenic transformation. For this activity, c-Jun requires an upstream signal, delivered by the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). v-Jun does not interact with JNK; it is autonomous and constitutively active. v-Jun and c-Jun address overlapping but not identical sets of genes. Whether all genes essential for transformation reside within the overlap of the v-Jun and c-Jun target spectra remains to be determined. The search for transformation-relevant targets of Jun is moving into a new stage with the application of DNA microarrays technology. Genetic screens and functional tests remain a necessity for the identification of genes that control the oncogenic phenotype.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow

Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) can be a significant problem in adolescent overhead athletes. The cause is likely multifactorial secondary to repetitive stresses, biomechanical mismatch, and a tenuous vascular supply of the capitellum. Recent literature reveals that the prevalence is likely higher than previously thought. This, in conjunction with increased levels of athletic competition in children at younger ages, has fed the recent interest in this topic. The literature continues to show that non-operative treatment is still successful for stable lesions. Unstable lesions, therefore, have been the focus of the new literature regarding operative management and outcomes. The aim of this paper is to provide a summary of current literature and an up-to-date approach to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum.
Cosmetic Appearance of Port-site Scars 1 Year After Laparoscopic Versus Robotic Sacrocolpopexy: A Supplementary Study of the ACCESS Clinical Trial.

Abstract Study Objective To prospectively measure trocar site appearances 1 year after surgery in women participants in the Abdominal Colpopexy: Comparison of Endoscopic Surgical Strategies Trial, a 2-center randomized surgical trial ( NCT01124916 ). Design Supplementary analysis of a surgical trial that randomized women to robotic or laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (Canadian Task Force classification I). Setting Operative trial. Patients Women undergoing clinically indicated sacrocolpopexy for symptomatic stage ≥II pelvic organ prolapse were randomized to laparoscopic abdominal sacrocolpopexy (LASC) or robotic abdominal sacrocolpopexy (RASC). Trocar skin incision closure was standardized by using Dermabond (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). Measurements and Main Results Photographs of all incision sites were taken at baseline (immediately), 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Study coordinators scored each incision with the validated Stony Brook Evaluation Scale (SBES), a 5-point wound evaluation scale. We calculated the average of all scars scores per case to determine the percent of optimal wound healing (0%–100%) for each case as well as the proportion of cases meeting 100% wound repair scoring. Wound repair scores across groups were tested with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. The overall proportion of cases in each group meeting “optimal” wound recovery (scores of 100%) was tested with the Fisher exact test. Seventy-eight women with a mean age of 59 years (range, 26–79 years) were randomized to LASC (n = 38) or RASC (n = 40). We did not detect significant differences in baseline characteristics or rates of dropout between the 2 study groups (5 in LASC and 7 in RASC, p = .60). Pain in the initial postoperative period was higher in the robotic arm although groups were similar at 2 weeks. Nearly all cases (75/78) contributed wound repair data (36 laparoscopic and 39 robotic). Laparoscopic surgeries require significantly fewer incisions (median = 4; range, 4–6) than robotic surgeries (median = 5; range, 4–6; p Interventions Women were randomized to robotic assisted laparoscopy or laparoscopy. Conclusion Wound appearance using the SBES was better in the LASC group, suggesting that there may be alterations in the mechanism for wound initiation and/or healing based on the minimally invasive route used for sacrocolpopexy.
15 FACTORS RELATED TO SATISFACTION WITH CARE AMONG A SAMPLE OF HEAD START PARENTS.

Objective To identify factors related to satisfaction with health care provider among a sample of Head Start parents. Design A retrospective study. Sample: 250 consented parents/guardians of registered Head Start children from four Head Start sites in South Central Los Angeles. Study Hypotheses (1) Parents who report a higher level of satisfaction in the communication with their child9s health care provider are significantly more likely to report higher levels of satisfaction with the health care. (2) Parents who report the ability to voice their opinion to their child9s health care provider are significantly more likely to report a higher level of satisfaction with care. (3) Parents who report higher levels of trust with their child9s provider are significantly more likely to report higher levels of satisfaction with care. Study Measures Selection of study variables followed the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations including variables such as accessibility to medical care; affordability of medical care; availability of health related information; ability to voice one9s concern; regular sources of care; knowledge of location and direction to health care services; satisfaction with doctor, and trust. Results From a list of 12 potential covariates, only ability to voice one9s opinion ([OR & 95% CI = 1.24 (1.14-1.36)] and having insurance [OR & 95% CI = 1.73 (1.06-2.84)] remained statistically significant to explain variation in satisfaction with health care provider. Discussion Findings of this study shed lights on the importance of interventions to empower parents/guardian to voice their concerns about their child9s health to providers.
Research on Video-on-demand System Using New Stream-scheduled Strategy

This paper proposes a video scheduled scheme called CMP(Client Multicast Patching) for proxy-assisted distributed VOD. When an appointed client plays out a video, it is also acting as a server transmitting the partial video segments via multicast for latter requests in local network, therefore regional abundant network bandwidth is utilized instead of an remote server and backbone network bandwidth. Implementation pseudocode using CMP stream-scheduled strategy was given. System simulation and performance analysis show that significant network resource can be saved with the CMP scheme.
Occupational Health Status in Wujin District of Changzhou City and Its Countermeasures

[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of industrial enterprises in Wujin District of Changzhou City,so as to protect the health of workers.[Methods]The implementation and the problems of "Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases" were analyzed.[Results]The coverage of poisonous and harmful workplace inspection was 15.0%. The qualified rate of monitoring was 80.3%. Occupational health examination rate was 25.0%. Totally 326 cases of occupational disease (187 cases of pneumoconiosis,139 cases of acute and chronic occupational poisoning) and 15 cases of suspected occupational disease were identified,12 evaluation reports of occupational hazards in this construction project were made.[Conclusion]The coverage of poisonous and harmful workplace inspection and occupational health examination are extremely low. The existed problems are lack of awareness of law enforcement and supervision. The key to occupational disease prevention is deepening the awareness and strengthening law enforcement.
A computational cognitive modeling approach to understand and design mobile crowdsourcing for campus safety reporting

The under-reporting of public safety incidents is a long-standing issue. In this paper, we propose a computational cognitive modeling approach to understand and design a mobile crowdsourcing system for improving campus safety reporting. In particular, we adopt drift-diffusion models (DDMs) from cognitive psychology to investigate the effect of various factors on users reporting tendency for public safety. Our lab experiment and online study show consistent results on how location context impacts people's reporting decisions. This finding informs the design of a novel location-based nudge mechanism, which is tested in another lab experiment with 84 participants and proved to be effective in changing users reporting decisions. Our follow-up interview study further suggests that the influence of people's mobility patterns (e.g., expected walking distance) could explain why the nudge design is effective. Our work not only informs the design of mobile crowdsourcing for public safety reporting but also demonstrates the value of applying a computational cognitive modeling approach to address HCI research questions more broadly. A computational cognitive modeling approach is used to study crowdsourcing decisions.Location context and crime severity impact people's safety reporting decisions.A novel location-based nudge mechanism is created and proved to be effective.
Transmission Biology, Host Associations, Distribution and Molecular Diagnostics of Neorickettsia

The genus Neorickettsia includes a small number of obligate intracellular rickettsial bacteria normally endosymbiotic within all stages of digenean complex life cycles, where they are maintained through vertical transmission. Under some circumstances Neorickettsia may also be transmitted horizontally by digenean parasites to their vertebrate definitive hosts where they may infect macrophages and other cell types and cause diseases, in some cases severe. This chapter briefly discusses the history of research on Neorickettsia, their phylogenetic interrelationships, transmission biology of different species and species-level genetic lineages within the genus, associations among Neorickettsia and their digenean and vertebrate hosts, geographic distribution, and PCR-based molecular diagnostics and identification of Neorickettsia.
Students' Perceptions of an Internship Experience in China: A Pilot Study

This small-scale study reported American students' perception of the effect of their internship conducted in a study abroad program on their development of Chinese language proficiency, intercultural competence, and professional knowledge. The results indicate that a self-evaluated successful internship allows interns with intermediate-level language proficiency to have sufficient oral communication in the workplace and provides interns with major-related observation opportunities overseen (supervised) by their supervisor/coworker. Working cultural competence is an essential skill for American interns to acquire for creating and maintaining positive interpersonal relationships in professional contexts.
Software configurable optical test system for refractive optics

SCOTS (software configurable optical test system) is a useful tool that can provide lens manufacturers with the ability to evaluate the net performance of a lens system without the use of complex metrology systems and setups. This technique is based on measuring the transverse ray aberrations of rays to obtain wavefront information using transmission deflectometry, the refractive equivalent of reflection deflectometry. Some work using deflectometry on refractive surfaces has been briefly reported in the past, where the power of a single lens has been the measurement objective. Results showing the use of deflectometry on reflective optical surfaces, such as the primary mirror of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) show that this method has a large dynamic range in which measurement accuracy is comparable with those of interferometric methods; generating interest on our part, to investigate deflectometry for refractive systems in more detail. In this paper, we focus on reporting initial tests using SCOTS by measuring simple refractive elements, such as 1" diameter biconvex BK7 lenses. Results indicate a good agreement when comparing them with equivalent MATLAB/ZEMAX wavefront measuring models, which include the measured lens parameters, where the estimated and measured wavefront RMS values and spherical aberration Zernike coefficient agree on average to within 10nm. We also investigate the effect of the chromatic aberration on the refractive optical system by collecting data using three different wavelengths: 620nm, 550nm and 450nm. The alignment of the test setup was done rapidly and we used an LCD screen with a pixel pitch of 0.1905mm. The camera used for the measurements was a simple digital CCD camera.
Oncocercosis en Colombia. Hallazgos parasitológicos en el primer foco observado.

Se investigo el origen de la infeccion de un colombiano con oncocercosis ocular; como resultado se descubrio un foco aparentemente pequeno de oncocercosis en la region de la Costa del Pacifico de Colombia occidental, el primero que se encuentra en el pais. Se hallaron infecciones por Onchocerca en 44 de 292 personas que vivian a lo largo del Rio Micay o de uno de sus afluentes. La mayoria de las personas infectadas vivia en un radio de pocos kilometros a partir del pequeno caserio llamado San Antonio. Se encontraron nodulos oncocercosos en solo 10 personas, principalmente en el torax y las caderas. No se vieron mas de dos nodulos por persona. Tambien se encontraron microfilarias en numeros relativamente bajos en las biopsias de piel de los casos positivos. No hubo manifestaciones graves oculares ni cutaneas atribuibles a las infecciones por Onchocerca .