cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in young children's recall and clustering of pictures☆

Abstract Children's incidental recall of pictures was examined in two related experiments. Extrapolating from adult research, it was predicted that categorizing pictures with respect to their semantic properties would yield greater recall than categorizing them according to their physical properties. In Experiment 1, second-grade children were exposed to 16 line drawings cross-classified to represent four taxonomic categories and four shape categories, with four instances per category. Control subjects simply looked at pictures. Semantic subjects identified each picture's semantic category, and Physical subjects identified each physical category. In Experiment 2, first graders freely sorted the pictures and were classified as Semantic or Physical sorters based on their predominant bases for sorting. Following exposure (Experiment 1) or sorting (Experiment 2), all subjects were asked to recall the picture names. Results of both experiments show that semantic classification yields greater recall than physical classification. Experiment 2 also shows that semantic sorting yields greater semantic clustering in recall and that sorting by physical category yields greater physical clustering. It was suggested that children's preferences for a mode of processing (Experiment 2) may constitute an individual difference dimension with fairly clear-cut instructional implications.
Diaspora tourism and homeland attachment: an exploratory analysis.

Diaspora tourism refers to the travel of people in diaspora to their ancestral homelands in search of their roots or to feel connected to their personal heritage. Whereas most tourists become attached to a destination after repeat visits, the tourist-destination relation in diaspora tourism is unique because tourists with immigrant origins often feel connected to the people, culture, and heritage of the destination before actually visiting the place. This study explores the relationship between second-generation immigrants' attachment to their ancestral homeland and their journey back "home," focusing on whether or not the second generation could feel at home in their parents' country of origin versus their current country of residence. This study employs secondary data from two studies on second-generation immigrants in the US: the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study and the Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles study. Findings revealed that there was an association between the number of diaspora tourism trips and feeling at home in their parents' country of origin. Second-generation immigrants who considered both America and their ancestral homeland as home took the highest number of trips, and their transnational attachment to two countries reflected the dual loyalty and identity of people in diaspora. In addition, those who experienced extended stays were more likely to feel at home in their ancestral homeland. Whereas such relationship was not necessarily causal, both length and frequency of diaspora tourism trips were found to be associated with immigrants' connection to the land of their ancestors.
The use of narrative sampling in the assessment of social cognition: The Narrative of Emotions Task (NET)

Social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well documented and related to functional outcome. Current social cognition measures are often not psychometrically validated, too heterogeneous for standardization, and focus principally on one domain of social cognition rather than the simultaneous activation of multiple domains. Also, few if any allow for personalization of stimuli and interpretation of personally evocative events. An alternative methodology that addresses these limitations is the analysis of samples of personal narratives. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of a measure called the Narrative of Emotions Task (NET). The NET was used to assess the performance of participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and nonclinical controls. Use of the NET revealed significant impairments in the emotional narratives of participants with schizophrenia. Various NET indices were significantly related to current measures of theory of mind and emotion perception, as well as a social skills role-play, but were not related to measures of attributional style or clinician-rated functioning scales. Overall, the NET׳s psychometric properties justify further use of the narrative sampling method of social cognition assessment in this population.
Affinity Chromatography of Collagen on Collagen-Binding Fragments of Fibronectin

The affinity of fibronectin for collagen was exploited in biospecific affinity chromatography of collagen. Matrices with excellent capacity and stability were obtained by coupling collagen-binding fragments of fibronectin to Sepharose. Collagen-binding tryptic (30,000 daltons) and chymotryptic (45,000 daltons) fragments, lacking the binding sites of intact fibronectin for various other substances, were coupled to Sepharose and used to chromatograph gelatin and type I collagen. Gelatin was rapidly and quantitatively bound to these matrices at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, while binding of type I collagen took place more slowly and was temperature dependent. The collagen did not bind at 4 degrees C but bound quantitatively at 37 degrees C if preincubated at this temperature. These results suggest that a temperature-dependent perturbation of the triple helical structure of the collagen uncovers the binding site for fibronectin, allowing the collagen to bind to the insolubilized collagen-binding fibronectin fragments. Enzyme affinity assays showed that the conformational change in the fibronectin-binding region of collagen was irreversible. Affinity chromatography on collagen-binding fragments of fibronectin could provide a method for the study of structure and function of collagens and may prove useful for the isolation of minor collagens.
Classical Biological Control and Social Equity

For over a century, scientists from industrialized countries as well as from developing countries have appropriated natural enemies from different regions of the world. These actions have been conducted thus far without compensation to the donor countries for such ‘biological services’. This unrecompensed extraction has been predicated on the basis that biodiversity (including natural enemies) are ‘humankind's common heritage’ (Kloppenburg & Kleinman, 1987). Such a view has been challenged by some social scientists as well as representatives from some developing countries who now question the inequity of global patterns of exchange of and access to plant genetic resources. At issue is the substantial ‘genetic debt’ that the industrialized countries have procured from developing countries and which has remained uncompensated (Fowler & Mooney, 1990). In fact, the agricultures of industrialized countries are characterized by extreme dependence on ‘introduced’ genetic materials from developing countries. Much of this germplasm has been utilized by seed companies from industrialized countries to develop new, high-yielding varieties, often sold back to developing countries at considerable profit. The contradiction in the status of developing countries crop genetic resources as freely available ‘common heritage’ and the status of seed companies’ commercial varieties as ‘private property’ available by purchase has fueled a major geopolitical controversy. This dispute is bound to expand to other activities involving interregional exchange of biological resources. Concern about global environmental changes, the levels of responsibility of industrialized and developing countries in relation to these changes, and the fact that many developing countries are major repositories of biodiversity which play major biospheric roles, are all issues that fuel the controversy.
Duality and Complementarity

Associated with every linear program, and intimately related to it, is a corresponding dual linear program. Both programs are constructed from the same underlying cost and constraint coefficients but in such a way that if one of these problems is one of minimization the other is one of maximization, and the optimal values of the corresponding objective functions, if finite, are equal. The variables of the dual problem can be interpreted as prices associated with the constraints of the original (primal) problem, and through this association it is possible to give an economically meaningful characterization to the dual whenever there is such a characterization for the primal.
What are we learning about neoglottic phonation from high speed digital imaging (HSDI)

This paper presents an overview of neoglottic visualization using HSDI in a clinical environment. Three patients who underwent a tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) for voice restoration following Total Laryngectomy were examined. Images of the entire neoglottis as well as point specific vibratory information (kymograms) were generated. Experiences and interpretations gleaned from this undertaking were compared to what was found in the literature. HSDI appears to be a very effective instrument in any comprehensive examination of neoglottic function. Appreciation of the vibratory characteristics of this sphincter may eventually allow neoglottic voice enhancement procedures to be developed.
Long-Term Clinical Outcome After Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Men With Residual Teratoma

Purpose The histologic finding of teratoma occurs in approximately 40% of all postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections (PC-RPLND). We evaluated patients at our institution undergoing initial PC-RPLND for teratoma to determine their clinical outcome. Patients and Methods We identified 210 patients from 1989 to 2003 with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) who underwent initial PC-RPLND and were found to have only teratoma in the retroperitoneum. Clinical and pathologic information was obtained from our prospective surgical database, and clinical outcome was reported. Results Of the 210 patients in our series, 192 (92%) received only induction chemotherapy, and 18 (9%) required additional chemotherapy regimens. PC-RPLND pathology revealed mature teratoma in 178 patients (85%), immature teratoma in 15 patients (7%), and teratoma with malignant transformation in 17 patients (8%). With a median follow-up time for survivors of 37 months, disease recurred in 30 patients. The probability of re...
Comparison of millimeter wave dielectric measurement using various techniques

Four different systems namely the open resonator system, the DFTS, the BWO W-band spectrometer and the broadband free-space measurement system are used to compare the permittivity and loss tangent values obtained when several polymers are measured over the millimeter wave frequencies. Random and systematic error analysis are performed on permittivity and loss tangent values by comparing the dielectric data obtained from the four different systems. Uncertainty analysis is performed on a number of materials as nylon, plexiglass, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and Teflon. Additionally, systematic error analysis is performed when such polymers as acrylic and fiberglass resin are compared at the W-band frequencies using the DFTS and the BWO W-band spectrometer.
Toward Quasiregular Sensor Networks: Topology Control Algorithms for Improved Energy Efficiency

Uniformly random or Poisson distributions are widely accepted models for the location of the nodes in wireless sensor networks if nodes are deployed in large quantities and there is little control over where they are dropped. On the other hand, by placing nodes in regular topologies, we expect benefits both in coverage and efficiency of communication. We describe and analyze a basic localized algorithm and three modifications for topology control that provide a tradeoff between performance and deployment cost. The objective is to regularize the topology for improved energy efficiency. The basic algorithm produces quasiregular networks, which only use nodes as sentries and relays that are approximately evenly spaced, thereby emulating a regular grid topology. It is shown that quasiregular networks have a significant energy and lifetime advantage compared with purely random networks. We consider two specific types of quasiregular networks: the ones that are based on a Gaussian deviation about an ideal grid point (type A), and the ones that consist of a subset of nodes taken from a Poisson point process (type B). We show that the two types are equivalent for a certain density of the Poisson point process and, in particular, that in both cases the deviation from the ideal regular grid follows a Rayleigh distribution, whereas the distance between nearest neighbors is Ricean
Name matching between Chinese and Roman scripts: machine complements human

There are generally many ways to transliterate a name from one language script into another. The resulting ambiguity can make it very difficult to "untransliterate" a name by reverse engineering the process. In this paper, we present a highly successful cross-script name matching system that we developed by combining the creativity of human intuition with the power of machine learning. Our system determines whether a name in Roman script and a name in Chinese script match each other with an F-score of 96%. In addition, for name pairs that satisfy a computational test, the F-score is 98%.
Differential Technology Adoption and Income Distribution in Pakistan: Implications for Research Resource Allocation

A multi-market model of technological change in food production is used to simulate the long-run income distributional implications of differential diffusion of currently available wheat technologies in Pakistan. The results indicate that a research agenda emphasizing technologies suited to Pakistan's favored production environments would enhance overall production without compromising inter-group equity. It is found that when commodity prices are market determined, net consuming households are the major beneficiaries of technological change. However, in the more common situation of government intervention in markets for staple foods, net producing households are the principal beneficiaries of technological change.
Motor Learning in Children: Feedback Effects on Skill Acquisition

Background and Purpose: Reduced feedback during motor skill practice benefits motor learning. However, it is unknown whether these findings can be applied to motor learning in children, given that children have different information-processing capabilities than adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different relative frequencies of feedback on skill acquisition in children compared with young adults. Subjects: The participants were 20 young adults and 20 children. Methods: All participants practiced 200 trials of a discrete arm movement with specific spatiotemporal parameters. Participants from each group (adults and children) were randomly assigned to either a 100% feedback group or a reduced (62% faded) feedback group. Learning was inferred from the performance on the delayed (24-hour) retention and reacquisition tests. Results: All participants improved accuracy and consistency across practice trials. During practice, the adults performed with significantly less error than the children. Adults who practiced with reduced feedback performed with increased consistency during the retention test compared with those who practiced with 100% feedback. In contrast, children who received reduced feedback during practice performed with less accuracy and consistency during the retention test than those who received 100% feedback. However, when feedback was reintroduced during the reacquisition test, the children in the reduced feedback group were able to improve their performance comparable to those in the 100% feedback group. Discussion and Conclusions: During motor learning, children use feedback in a manner different from that of adults. To optimize motor learning, children may require longer periods of practice, with feedback reduced more gradually, compared with young adults.
A Syntactic Framework for Speech Repairs and Other Disruptions

This paper presents a grammatical and processing framework for handling the repairs, hesitations, and other interruptions in natural human dialog. The proposed framework has proved adequate for a collection of human-human task-oriented dialogs, both in a full manual examination of the corpus, and in tests with a parser capable of parsing some of that corpus. This parser can also correct a pre-parser speech repair identifier resulting in a 4.8% increase in recall.
The economic origins of ultrasociality

Ultrasociality refers to the social organization of a few species, including humans and some social insects, having a complex division of labor, city-states, and an almost exclusive dependence on agriculture for subsistence. We argue that the driving forces in the evolution of these ultrasocial societies were economic. With the agricultural transition, species could directly produce their own food and this was such a competitive advantage that those species now dominate the planet. Once underway, this transition was propelled by the selection of within-species groups that could best capture the advantages of (1) actively managing the inputs to food production, (2) a more complex division of labor, and (3) increasing returns to larger scale and larger group size. Together these factors reoriented productive life and radically altered the structure of these societies. Once agriculture began, populations expanded as these economic drivers opened up new opportunities for the exploitation of resources and the active management of inputs to food production. With intensified group-level competition, larger populations and intensive resource exploitation became competitive advantages, and the "social conquest of Earth" was underway. Ultrasocial species came to dominate the earth's ecosystems. Ultrasociality also brought a loss of autonomy for individuals within the group. We argue that exploring the common causes and consequences of ultrasociality in humans and the social insects that adopted agriculture can provide fruitful insights into the evolution of complex human society.
Commitments to a parent company and a local work unit during repatriation.

When expatriate managers return home from international assignments and re-cross cultural boundaries, they are required not only to exhibit commitment to their parent company, but also to develop commitment to a new local work unit. Accordingly, this study, the first of its kind, examines the extent to which theorized individual, job, organizational, and non job factors account for American expatriate managers’commitment to their parent company and local work unit during repatriation (N= 174). Regression analysis found that tenure in the parent company, role clarity, repatriation compensation, and the perceived organizational value placed on international experience exhibited positive relationships with commitment to the parent company while total international work experience exhibited a negative relationship. In addition, commitment to the local work unit was positively associated with role discretion, role clarity, and perceived organizational value placed on international experience. Implications of these results for future personnel research and practice are discussed.
Understanding and Controlling the Microstructure of Complex Foods

Part 1 Microstructural elements and their interactions: Polysaccharides: their role in food microstructure Proteins in food microstructure formation Structure and function of fat crystals and their role in microstructure formation in complex foods Effects of water distribution and transport on food microstructure Structure and function of emulsifiers and their role in microstructure formation in complex foods Colloidal systems in foods containing droplets and bubbles Ingredient interactions in complex foods: aggregation and phase separation. Part 2 Novel methods to study food microstructure: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques for characterizing food structure Confocal fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) for food structure characterization Advances in image analysis for the study of food microstructure Food characterisation using scattering methods Acoustic techniques to characterize food microstructure Modelling and computer simulation of food structures. Part 3 Microstructural-based approaches to design of functionality in foods: Creation of novel microstructures through processing: structure formation in (semi-) solid food materials Influence of food microstructure on food rheology Influence of food microstructure on flavour interactions Relating food microstructure to sensory quality Physicochemical and structural aspects of lipid digestion Nanoscale liquid self-assembled dispersions in foods and the delivery of functional ingredients. Part 4 Microstructural approaches to improving food product quality: Structure-engineering of ice-cream and foam-based foods The texture and microstructure of spreads Microstructural approaches to the study and improvement of cheese and yogurt products Microstructural aspects of protein-based drinks The microstructure of chocolate Bubble formation and stabilisation in bread dough Food microstructure and shelf-life of emulsion and gel-based products.
Experiencing SAX: a novel symbolic representation of time series

Many high level representations of time series have been proposed for data mining, including Fourier transforms, wavelets, eigenwaves, piecewise polynomial models, etc. Many researchers have also considered symbolic representations of time series, noting that such representations would potentiality allow researchers to avail of the wealth of data structures and algorithms from the text processing and bioinformatics communities. While many symbolic representations of time series have been introduced over the past decades, they all suffer from two fatal flaws. First, the dimensionality of the symbolic representation is the same as the original data, and virtually all data mining algorithms scale poorly with dimensionality. Second, although distance measures can be defined on the symbolic approaches, these distance measures have little correlation with distance measures defined on the original time series. In this work we formulate a new symbolic representation of time series. Our representation is unique in that it allows dimensionality/numerosity reduction, and it also allows distance measures to be defined on the symbolic approach that lower bound corresponding distance measures defined on the original series. As we shall demonstrate, this latter feature is particularly exciting because it allows one to run certain data mining algorithms on the efficiently manipulated symbolic representation, while producing identical results to the algorithms that operate on the original data. In particular, we will demonstrate the utility of our representation on various data mining tasks of clustering, classification, query by content, anomaly detection, motif discovery, and visualization.
Low cost uncooled mini-DIL module for pump laser

This paper describes a low cost uncooled, 8 pin mini-dual inline (DIL) module for a medium power 980 nm pump laser. In this low cost pump laser module, an innovative approach was adopted on the module design. This design allows the use of conventional pick-and place equipment to load all the components (except the fiber pigtail) in one pass. These components are then reflowed in a vacuum chamber to achieve the attachment in one step without the need for any flux. The most crucial and time-consuming assembly step is the fiber-to-laser diode coupling and attachment. An automatic active alignment system was used to achieve the most efficient coupling between laser diode and fiber. Laser welding was then utilized to hold that coupling position. This pump laser module has achieved coupling efficiencies of 80% at optimum alignment. The module is able to maintain the coupling efficiencies within 10% peak coupling efficiency in its operation temperature range of -5 to 70/spl deg/C. The pump laser module is under qualification to the requirements of Telcordia-468, including temperature cycling, high temperature operating life, vibration and shock. This paper covers the module design, process flow, optical coupling simulation, thermomechanical simulation and design optimization, coupling efficiency measurement and its change with environmental conditions.
A Latent Dirichlet Allocation Method for Selectional Preferences

The computation of selectional preferences, the admissible argument values for a relation, is a well-known NLP task with broad applicability. We present LDA-SP, which utilizes LinkLDA (Erosheva et al., 2004) to model selectional preferences. By simultaneously inferring latent topics and topic distributions over relations, LDA-SP combines the benefits of previous approaches: like traditional class-based approaches, it produces human-interpretable classes describing each relation's preferences, but it is competitive with non-class-based methods in predictive power. We compare LDA-SP to several state-of-the-art methods achieving an 85% increase in recall at 0.9 precision over mutual information (Erk, 2007). We also evaluate LDA-SP's effectiveness at filtering improper applications of inference rules, where we show substantial improvement over Pantel et al.'s system (Pantel et al., 2007).
Hydrodynamics of Syringomyelia

Our studies demonstrate a mechanism of the pathogenesis of syringomyelia in which (1) the Chiari malformation partially obstructs the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways at the foramen magnum; (2) the normally rapid efflux and influx of CSF between the head and the spine, which normally compensates for brain expansion and contraction during the cardiac cycle, is blocked; (3) the cerebellar tonsils are displaced during the cardiac cycle, in lieu of CSF, creating a piston effect on the partially entrapped spinal subarachnoid space; (4) enlarged cervical subarachnoid pressure waves are created, which compress the spinal cord from without, direct CSF into the spinal cord, and cause pulsatile syrinx flow; which in turn (5) leads to syrinx progression. These findings are consistent with an origin of the syrinx fluid by pulsatile-facilitated transmission of CSF through the spinal cord. This mechanism of syrinx origin, progression, and resolution arises outside, not inside, the spinal cord. Thus, extraarachnoidal craniocervical decompression and duroplasty reverses the mechanism of syringomyelia progression without invading the central nervous system parenchyma or the CSF pathways and consistently provides a safe and effective treatment of patients with Chiari I and syringomyelia.
The role of risk assessment in food safety policy.

Virtually every category of food substance contains, either naturally or through contamination, trace levels of carcinogens. Whether they are traditional foods like grains, cheese, or mushrooms, spices like pepper or nutmeg, migrants from packaging materials, residues from pesticides or animal drugs, or unavoidable impurities from additives in processed foods; it is impossible to purge them completely. As our awareness of the ubiquity of carcinogens has grown, there has been a growing need to distinguish between tolerable and intolerable risk from carcinogens in food. This distinction — which relies inter alia on the toxicological principle of dose-response, the essence of quantitative risk assessment — is now regarded as crucial in the regulation of carcinogens,as it has been in the regulation of non-carcinogens. As suggested above this was not always so. Early FDA policy statements and the food safety laws themselves contained the implied promise of absolute safety from carcinogens in food. To understand the current role of carcinogen risk assessment in food safety policy, its relatively slow development, its conservative application, and the legal difficulties that still bar its wider use, it will be helpful to review some of the history of the food laws in the U.S.
Effect of Excipients on Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation and Aggregation in Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin Protein Solutions

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and aggregation can reduce the physical stability of therapeutic protein formulations. On undergoing LLPS, the protein-rich phase can promote aggregation during storage due to high concentration of the protein. Effect of different excipients on aggregation in protein solution is well documented; however data on the effect of excipients on LLPS is scarce in the literature. In this study, the effect of four excipients (PEG 400, Tween 80, sucrose, and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD)) on liquid–liquid phase separation and aggregation in a dual variable domain immunoglobulin protein solution was investigated. Sucrose suppressed both LLPS and aggregation, Tween 80 had no effect on either, and PEG 400 increased LLPS and aggregation. Attractive protein–protein interactions and liquid–liquid phase separation decreased with increasing concentration of HPβCD, indicating its specific binding to the protein. However, HPβCD had no effect on the formation of soluble aggregat...
Floor Vibration Control Using Three-Degree-of-Freedom Tuned Mass Dampers

The use of high-strength material in buildings has resulted in the use of less building materials and, consequently, a high level of flexibility in buildings, making them vibration prone. For example, high-strength concrete has lowered the thickness of concrete slabs used in the floors of steel/concrete buildings, such as office buildings and shopping centers, resulting in excessive floor vibration stemming from heavy traffic and normal human activity. Although not dangerous, such vibration is highly annoying to the occupants of the building. The authors have been working on the use of three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) tuned mass dampers (TMD) to abate floor vibration. Such TMDs can provide improved effectiveness over a traditional one-degree-of-freedom TMD and yet possess all of the attractive features of a traditional TMD; namely, simplicity and low cost. As in a 1-DOF TMD, this device will be installed on a concrete floor slab, at an optimally designed/chosen location.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
RESEARCH ON METHODS OF ELIMINATING RESIDUE DISINFECTANT OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS IN GERMICIDAL TEST

Objective To study the germicidal efficacy of the disinfectant of quaternary ammonium compounds in killing Staphylococcus aureus and the methods of eliminating residue antimicrobial agents.Methods Filtration-rinse method and chemical neutralizing method were used to observe the germicidal efficacy of the disinfectant of quaternary ammonium compounds.Results The 3rd,the 4th and the 5th neutralizers designed in this experiment could neutralize the disinfectant of 1 200 mg/L quaternary ammonium compounds.Filtration-rinse method combined the 5th neutralizer could also remove the residual action of the disinfection solution.Using the chemical neutralizing method and filtration-rinse method designed in this experiment,the average killing logarithm value of S.aureus in suspension exposed to the disinfection solution containing quaternary ammonium compounds of 1 200 mg/L was 5.78 and 3.67 respectively.Conclusions The 3 group neutralizers among the 5 groups and filtration-rinse method designed in this experiment were completely remove the residual action of the disinfectant of quaternary ammonium compounds.
The role of prescription medications in the association of self-reported sleep duration and obesity in U.S. adults, 2007-2012.

Objective Previous research has not investigated the role of prescription medication in sleep-obesity associations despite the fact that 56% of U.S. adults take at least one prescription medication. Methods Data from n = 16,622 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012) were used to examine how the association between obesity and self-reported sleep duration varied by total number of prescription medications used in the past 30 days and by select classes of prescription medications including anxiolytics/sedatives/hypnotics, antidepressants, sleep aids, anticonvulsants, thyroid agents, and metabolic agents. Results Logistic regression analyses showed a significant inverse linear association of sleep duration and obesity, regardless of the total number of prescription medications individuals were taking. Each additional hour of sleep was associated with a 10% decrease in the odds of obesity. Results suggest that increased sleep duration is associated with lower odds of having obesity overall, even for long-duration sleepers (≥9 h), and this association does not differ for those taking antidepressants, thyroid agents, metabolic agents, and multiple prescription medications. Conclusions The relationship between sleep duration and obesity was similar among all prescription medication users and nonusers. The potential for a nonlinear association between sleep duration and obesity may be important to examine in some specific prescription medication classes.
Secrecy capacity of wireless links subject to log-normal fading

In this paper, we investigate the information-theoretic secrecy for the log-normal fading channel. In particular, we derive the closed-form expressions of the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity for two wireless communication systems, with single eavesdropper and double eavesdroppers, respectively.
Hydraulic Semiactive Vibration Absorbers (SAVA); Separating Myth From Reality

Abstract The paper defines a casual model of the fluid dynamics that characterize a hydraulic semiactive vibration absorber (SAVA), that has been developed for application to structures. A flow model is established that indicates that SAVA are able to both store and dissipate energy, contrary to the commonly held belief that semiactive systems are strictly dissipative. The paper describes laboratory procedures used to identify model parameters. The paper then describes the performance of the SAVA when used to provide vibration mitigation for a laboratory test structure. The expected results based on the model, and experimental results are compared. The work indicates that SAVA technology provides a robust, reliable and inexpensive means of achieving structural control.
Sensitivity of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings to Previous Stratospheric Conditions

AbstractThe Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 4 (WACCM4), is used to investigate the influence of stratospheric conditions on the development of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). To this end, targeted experiments are performed on selected modeled SSW events. Specifically, the model is reinitialized three weeks before a given SSW, relaxing the surface fluxes, winds, and temperature below 10 km to the corresponding fields from the free-running simulation. Hence, the tropospheric wave evolution is unaltered across the targeted experiments, but the stratosphere itself can evolve freely. The stratospheric zonal-mean state is then altered 21 days prior to the selected SSWs and rerun with an ensemble of different initial conditions. It is found that a given tropospheric evolution concomitant with the development of an SSW does not uniquely determine the occurrence of an event and that the stratospheric conditions are relevant to the subsequent evolution of the stratospheric flow toward an SSW...
Profit Sharing Regulation of Electrical Transmission and Distribution Companies

While competition appears to be feasible and efficient for electricity generation, distribution and, to some extent, transmission maintain properties of a strong natural monopoly and are not considered to be contestable in the sense of (Baumol, Panzar, and Willig (1982)). As a consequence, distribution should be and transmission may have to be regulated by legal entry barriers and through limitations of price-setting behavior of the firm. The question is what is the best method of price regulation in these areas.
The meaning of team in team identification

Abstract A voluminous literature exists on the relationship between team identification and various consumer thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours. However, the psychological meaning of team to consumers remains unknown, as scholars have studied individuals’ identification with a team without empirically investigating its meaning. Following an interpretive mode of inquiry in this study, the authors used interviews and concept mapping to understand the meaning of team among fans of two separate teams. An important discovery is that the meaning of team evolves due to environmental changes and personal experiences. At the same time, the authors determined that the meaning of team in team identification has three broad components: place, past, and present, each of which uniquely contributes to the identity. The authors conclude by discussing the implications of this research on the team identification literature and offering suggestions to practitioners and researchers.
Imaging Tumor Angiogenesis Using Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced with contrast media has the potential to measure the level of angiogenesis in cancers and to monitor the immediate effects of drugs intended to inhibit angiogenesis. To appreciate the significance of such potential, it is necessary to first understand what is angiogenesis and why it is receiving so much attention.
Incidence and Predictive Factors of Sepsis Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery.

BACKGROUND Surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD) improves quality of life, yet morbidity is high. Sepsis is a challenging postoperative complication that can result in death and drive inpatient resources. OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence and risk factors for development of sepsis within 30 days following ASD surgery. METHODS Adult patients who underwent thoracolumbar spinal deformity correction between 2008 and 2014 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographic and operative variables were extracted. The primary outcome was development of postoperative sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to identify independent risk factors for sepsis. RESULTS A total of 6158 patients underwent ASD surgery. Of these, 156 (2.5%) developed sepsis postoperatively. Independent risk factors included operative time (odds ratio [OR]: 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003-1.005, P < .001), male sex (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.05-2.05, P = .023), diabetes (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.05-2.40, P = .027), functional dependency (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.12-2.95, P = .015), weight loss (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.04-5.78, P = .040), bleeding disorder (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.34-4.93, P = .004), and ascites (OR: 56.11, 95% CI: 5.01-628.50, P = .001). This model demonstrated strong predictive capacity, with an area under the curve of 0.80. Patients who developed sepsis were significantly more likely to have a prolonged hospital stay (P < .001), be readmitted (P < .001), and die (P < .001). The median (range) time to sepsis was 9 d (0-30). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing ASD surgery, male sex, diabetes, ascites, bleeding disorder, functional dependency, excessive weight loss and increased operative time independently predicted sepsis. This perioperative patient profile can be used for preoperative risk assessment, patient counseling, and postoperative management for patients undergoing ASD surgery.
RNA-Induced Chromatin Remodeling

RNAs can influence the genes from which they were transcribed by acting as scaffolds that recruit chromatin-modifying factors, which result in gene silencing. Long non-coding RNAs can silence large parts of chromosomes or even an entire X chromosome. Small interfering RNAs, which are typically thought to affect gene expression at the level of mRNA, can sometimes promote heterochromatin formation around their gene. Both classes work in cis, meaning that they appear to silence the copy of the gene from which they were transcribed, not the second copy on the homologous chromosome. Both types of RNAs appear to function by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes that modify the histones and/or DNA to form heterochromatin.
New algorithms for virtual reconstruction of heterogeneous microstructures

Abstract A new set of algorithms is introduced for the virtual reconstruction of heterogeneous material microstructures , in which morphologies of embedded particles/fibers are explicitly represented. As a pre-processing phase , a shape library containing morphologies of heterogeneities, parameterized in terms of Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS), is extracted from digital data such as micro-computed tomography images. Two packing algorithms are then introduced to reconstruct an initial (raw) periodic microstructure: In the first approach, a set of hierarchical bounding boxes approximating particle shapes are employed to check for overlap. The second approach, which is specialized for fibrous microstructures, uses the NURBS representation of fiber centerlines during the packing process. An optimization phase is applied to build the final microstructural model, relying either on the Genetic Algorithm to selectively eliminate some of the inclusions or their sequential relocation within the raw microstructure. The objective functions of this optimization phase are designed to replicate the target statistical microstructural descriptors such as the volume fraction, size distribution, and spatial arrangement of inclusions. Several example problems are presented to show the application of these algorithms for synthesizing various heterogeneous microstructures, as well as their finite element modeling and simulation .
Verfahren zur Analyse extrahierter anorganischer Verbindungen

Zur Analyse anorganischer, aus verdunnten wasrigen Losungen extrahierter Verbindungen werden zwei Verfahren angegeben:
Limits on transient power variations during startup and shutdown of Li-Pb cooled TMR blankets

Tandem Mirror Reactors are designed to operate at full power, and essentially in a steady-state mode. However, experience with electricity-generating power plants indicate that this is hardly realized due to load variations and frequent subsystem failures. In this paper, the authors investigate the engineering constraints and design requirements during power transients. The study considers the following areas: 1. Analysis of the anticipated base-line load history of TMR's. 2. Transient thermal hydraulics. 3. System pre-heating design. 4. Stress analysis for transient loads, using the newly developed STAIRE code, STress Analysis Including Radiation Effects. As an example, the Mirror Advanced Reactor Study (MARS) is analyzed, and the engineering limits on power variations are identified.
Radiation Therapy of Uveal and Orbital Metastases

Metastatic deposits in every subsite of the eye and orbit have been described in the literature. It is now widely accepted that metastatic lesions are the most common intraocular malignancy (Eliassi-Rad et al. 1996; Ferry and Font 1974; Shields et al. 1997b). Autopsy studies estimate the incidence at 4–12% in patients with solid tumors of all histologies, and greater than one third in breast cancer patients (Bloch and Gartner 1971; Eliassi-Rad et al. 1996; Ferry and Font 1974; Nelson et al. 1983). This chapter will exclude discussion of childhood cancers and ocular manifestations of systemic cancers such as lymphoma, leukemia and myeloma, focusing on metastatic disease from distant solid tumors.
A Story Teller’s Story: Richard Zaner as Hero (HĒ row)

I look around his office as I wait to meet with this teacher-ethicist. On the wall behind his door I notice the standard academic patchwork of framed bits of recognition. A certificate of successful Ph.D. completion. An award from the University Medical Center for dedication and work in “Medical Ethics.” A diploma saying “Masters of Arts.” All things seem right in the world, until my eye catches the words “Flying Cross.” Is it real? Is it a type of ironic humor? As I sit waiting for Professor Zaner to finish jotting a note on my research paper, I more carefully exam the wall. This framed certificate recognizes valor and bravery in war. It is a “distinguished” flying cross, which seems pretty rare to me. In my years of working under the guidance of this graduate school professor not a word had been breathed about this honor. No reference to it appears in any of his biographies on jacket flaps of his book. Is this real? I know he served in Korea but I just assumed it was a desk job of some kind.
Weighing the duty to inform a patient of possible future illness.

Guidelines for weighing the importance of beneficence and respect for patient autonomy in a specific case. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Insolvent Professional Sports Teams: A Historical Case Study

The U.S. professional sports industry has recently witnessed a series of high-profile bankruptcy proceedings involving teams from both Major League Baseball ("MLB") and the National Hockey League ("NHL"). In some cases — most notably those involving MLB’s Los Angeles Dodgers and the NHL’s Phoenix Coyotes — these proceedings raised difficult issues regarding the proper balance for bankruptcy courts to strike between the authority of a professional sports league to control the disposition of its financially struggling franchise’s assets and the rights of the debtor team to maximize the value of its property. However, these cases did not mark the first time that a court was called upon to balance the interests of a professional sports league and an insolvent team. Building off of related research documenting the history of the 1922 Supreme Court case of Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs (resulting in the book Baseball on Trial: The Origin of Baseball's Antitrust Exemption, Forthcoming 2014, University of Illinois Press), this article documents the history of two long forgotten disputes in 1915 for the control of a pair of insolvent franchises in the Federal League of Professional Base Ball Clubs (specifically, the Kansas City Packers and the Indianapolis Hoosiers). Drawing upon original court records and contemporaneous newspaper accounts, the article contends that despite the passage of time — and the different factual and procedural postures of the respective cases — courts both then and now have adopted similar approaches to managing litigation between professional sports leagues and their insolvent franchises. Moreover, the article discusses how the history of these 1915 disputes helps explain why U.S. professional sports leagues have traditionally disfavored public franchise ownership.
Forest visualization for management and planning in Wisconsin.

Participation by the public in the management process of public forested lands has led to innovation in the visual simulation of management options. So far, visualization technology has largely been used by researchers and consultants, not by natural resource managers themselves. A three-dimensional forest visualization system, developed for use by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, incorporates a library of photographs of trees, snags, and even logging debris in an effort to depict forest management activities realistically. Managers need only limited trainingto quickly generate visualizations depicting a specific stand or an entire landscape in its current and potential future states under a variety of silvicultural treatments. We describe the components of the system so that it can be recreated for other regions.