cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High polarization and fast modulation speed of dual wavelengths electroluminescence from semipolar (20-21) micro light-emitting diodes with indium tin oxide surface grating

We present highly polarized dual wavelength semipolar InGaN micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) by combining an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface grating and Al-coated dual-color surface plasmons (DSPs). The ITO grating DSPs enable a significant enhancement of the polarization ratio (PR) from electrically driven semipolar (20-21) μLEDs with dual emission wavelengths: the overall PR was increased by 1.7-folds and the output power was enhanced by 78% as compared to the conventional semipolar μLEDs at an injection current density of 100 A/cm2. Moreover, a high 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 612 MHz is achieved at ∼1.4 kA/cm2 in a visible-light communication (VLC) system, suggesting a near 1.24 Gbit/s under a non-return-to-zero on-off keying modulation scheme. This design marks significant progress in developing polarized μLEDs with potential applications in various fields, such as displays and VLC.
593 Tumoral melanosis mimicking residual melanoma After T-VEC treatment

Background Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) has become an increasingly popular treatment option for surgically non-resectable, recurrent melanoma based on its durable efficacy and safety profile. The complete response (CR) rate has been reported to be ~20% with a median of ~9 months to achieve it. [figure 1,2] Assessment of treatment response in those studies has predominantly relied on the clinical impression of the size and color of the lesions. However, in the real-world, decrease of tumor size often occurs rapidly within the first 2–3 months, while improvement of the pigmentation takes several more months. Such clinical observation of lasting pigmentation could be explained by tumoral melanosis – a histopathologic term referring to the presence of a melanophage-rich inflammatory infiltrate without remaining viable tumor cells. Methods We hypothesized that residual pigmentation of stable melanoma lesions while on successful T-VEC treatment may represent tumoral melanosis. We also report practical information of such phenomenon including timeline and clinical features. Results We report 6 cases of metastatic cutaneous melanoma treated with T-VEC with excellent pathologic responses. Biopsies of 5 cases were performed after observing variable clinical changes in the injected tumors, with some shrinking or becoming flat, while others grew or became raised. The range of time to biopsy was 4–23 months from the initial treatment date. Pathologic evaluation macular lesions demonstrated non-viable tumor tissue with tumoral melanosis in all cases. In an additional case, clinically increased size of the injected tumor prompted surgical excision, which similarly showed tumoral melanosis without viable tumor. Of note, while size of the tumor was increased, SUV max of the lesion decreased from prior assessment on PET-CT. No patient has developed regrowth or recurrent melanoma of the injected lesions to date (figure 1). Conclusions In patients receiving T-VEC treatment, pathologic CR may be achieved within the first 2–3 months, which precedes clinical improvement of pigmentation. To decrease unnecessary additional T-VEC treatment and assess the response correctly, serial biopsy of stable pigmented lesions should be considered to assess for the presence or absence of viable tumor. Acknowledgements N/A Trial Registration N/A Ethics Approval IRB exempted for case report with no patient-identifiable information Consent N/A References Harrington KJ, Andtbacka RH, Collichio F, et al. Efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with stage IIIB/C and IVM1a melanoma: subanalysis of the Phase III OPTiM trial. Onco Targets Ther 2016;9:7081–7093. Andtbacka RHI, Collichio F, Harrington KJ, et al. Final analyses of OPTiM: a randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III–IV melanoma.
Gênero e transgeracionalidade: uma (des)construção

Resumo Este estudo buscou investigar e compreender a transmissao e manutencao transgeracional de perspectivas de genero a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 10 jovens, com idades entre 20 e 27 anos. Identificou-se que as novas geracoes buscam ressignificar questoes transmitidas por suas familias, objetivando uma sociedade equitativa, embora as mudancas percebidas nas dinâmicas familiares ainda nao sejam suficientes para a desconstrucao de paradigmas historicos e culturais. Esses jovens, embora possuam posicionamento social critico e busquem desconstruir valores estereotipados e preconceituosos relacionados ao genero, deixam transparecer em seus discursos que as desigualdades politicas, economicas e sociais ainda afetam profundamente as mulheres. Um dos principais motivos que levaram a desconstrucao transgeracional foi o acesso a informacao e a potente insercao em grupos que motivam a militância, embora poucos dos entrevistados ultrapassem as barreiras da internet em suas atuacoes.
From Boom to Bust: The Economic Crisis in Spain 2008–2013

This chapter analyzes the overall economic crisis that started in 2008 in Spain. It is impossible to disentangle the 2008 banking crisis from the overall economic crisis that affected the country at the same time. This chapter looks at the performance of the Spanish economy throughout the 1990s and the first decade of the twentieth century. It examines the reasons for the success of the Spanish economy in the 1990s and provides an overview of the main causes of the 2008–2013 crisis and the governments’ responses.
Molecular marking in breeding Brassica oleracea L. for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

In the presented study, we have studied polymorphism of 30 microsatellite loci in terms of resistance to black rot (Xanthomonas campestris ). Three SSR markers (Ol10-C01, Ol11-H06, BoESSR 726) were identified, showing polymorphism in white cabbage forms with contrasting resistance to black rot. Also, part of the F2 breeding material was analyzed using markers Ol10-C01, Ol11-H06. It was found that they reveal all types of allelic state of genes in a segregating population in accordance with the Mendelian rule of segregation, which makes these markers suitable for further use in studies on the basis of cabbage resistance to black rot.
Evidence for Stress Localization Caused by Lithospheric Heterogeneity from Seismic Attenuation

The Wyoming Craton underwent tectonic modifications during the Laramide Orogeny, which resulted in a series of basement-cored uplifts that built the modern-day Rockies. The easternmost surface expr...
The SCERPO Vision System

THE PREVIOUS CHAPTERS have described a number of separate components that would need to function together to perform visual recognition. In this chapter, an implemented vi­sion system will be described that combines many of these components into a functioning system for performing recognition. The system has been named SCERPO (an acronym for Spatial Correspondence, Evidential Reasoning, and Perceptual Organi­zation). All code for this system was written over a relatively short period by a single person, which required that each com­ponent be simplified over the more complete versions previously described. For example, curve segmentation is performed only for straight line segments rather than arbitrary curves, object models are presumed to be fully specified with no unknown in­ternal parameters, perceptual organization has been simplified, and the evidential reasoning component does little more than an exhaustive search. Nevertheless, the system has a high level of performance in comparison to most previous vision systems, and it clearly demonstrates the potential for the methodology as a whole.
Those Two Filters Once Again

Once the data are logged in and analyzed, the problem then becomes one of interpretation. A theoretical perspective becomes imperative.
Breath-Holding as a Measure of Physical Fitness

(1951). Breath-Holding as a Measure of Physical Fitness. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 356-376.
Cellular Components Interact with Adenovirus Type 5 Minimal DNA Packaging Domains

Adenovirus type 5 DNA packaging is initiated from the left end of the viral genome and depends on the presence of a cis-acting packaging domain located between nucleotides 194 and 380. Multiple redundant packaging elements (termed A repeats I through VII [AI through AVII]) are contained within this domain and display differential abilities to support DNA packaging in vivo. The functionally most important repeats, AI, AII, AV, and AVI, follow a bipartite consensus motif exhibiting AT-rich and CG-rich core sequences. Results from previous mutational analyses defined a fragment containing AV, AVI, and AVII as a minimal packaging domain in vivo, which supports a functional independence of the respective cis-acting sequences. Here we describe multimeric versions of individual packaging elements as minimal packaging domains that can confer viability and packaging activity to viruses carrying gross truncations within their left end. These mutant viruses directly rate the functional role that different packaging elements play relative to each other. The A repeats are likely to be binding sites for limiting, trans-acting packaging factors of cellular and/or viral origin. We report here the characterization of two cellular binding activities interacting with all of the minimal packaging domains in vitro, an unknown binding activity termed P-complex, and the transcription factor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor. The binding of both activities is dependent on the integrity of the AT-rich, but not the CG-rich, consensus half site. In the case of P-complex, binding affinity for different minimal packaging domains in vitro correlates well with their abilities to support DNA packaging in vivo. Interestingly, P-complex interacts not only with packaging elements but also with the left terminus of the viral genome, the core origin of replication. Our data implicate cellular factors as components of the viral packaging machinery. The dual binding specificity of P-complex for packaging and replication sequences may further suggest a direct involvement of left-end replication sequences in viral DNA encapsidation.
Common themes in translational and transcriptional regulation

How transcription and translation initiation complexes are assembled and regulated has been the subject of research for many years. New information on the translation initiation complex has revealed similarities between its organization and regulation with that of the transcription initiation complex. Here, we will summarize these similarities in order to set up a framework for future integration of results from each of these areas.
Multivariate Discrete Distributions

We have provided a detailed overview of distributions of one discrete or one continuous random variable in the previous chapter. But often in applications, we are just naturally interested in two or more random variables simultaneously. We may be interested in them simultaneously because they provide information about each other, or because they arise simultaneously as part of the data in some scientific experiment. For instance, on a doctor’s visit, the physician may check someone’s blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cholesterol level, and blood sugar level, because together they give information about the general health of the patient. In such cases, it becomes essential to know how to operate with many random variables simultaneously. This is done by using joint distributions. Joint distributions naturally lead to considerations of marginal and conditional distributions. We study joint, marginal, and conditional distributions for discrete random variables in this chapter. The concepts of these various distributions for continuous random variables are not different; but the techniques are mathematically more sophisticated. The continuous case is treated in the next chapter.
Electron Microscopic Study of the Development of Simian Virus 40 by Use of Ferritinlabeled Antibodies

An electron microscopic study of simian virus 40 has revealed a number of structural changes that are related to the development of the virus. The presence of viral antigens in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm has been demonstrated by means of ferritin-labeled antibodies. Although cytoplasmic virions are readily tagged, the lack of tagging of nuclear particles presents a perplexing problem. Presumably, the virus, after release from the nucleus, acquires a new antigenic reactivity in the cytoplasm.
Image-based compression algorithm for inverse boundary integral operators [computational electromagnetics]

Efficient numerical simulation of integral formulations of electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems requires the use of a compression algorithm for the underlying Green function. In the following, we apply an efficient image-based plane-wave compression algorithm (ICA) to inverses of boundary integral formulations of scattering inside PEC (perfect electric conductor) cavities. The proposed algorithm is based on two results. As discussed in another paper at this meeting, a procedure has been developed to compute the translation operator from sparse samples of the Green function. Second, as discussed in the following, the number of image terms required to accurately model multiple scattering events on the surface of a PEC scatterer grows slowly with the size of the scatterer.
Evaluating cluster-based network servers

Uses analytic modeling and simulation to evaluate network servers implemented on clusters of workstations. More specifically, we model the potential benefits of locality-conscious request distribution within the cluster and evaluate the performance of a cluster-based server called L2S (Locality and Load-balancing Server) which we designed in light of our experience with the model. Our most important modeling results show that locality-conscious distribution on a 16-node cluster can increase server throughput with respect to a locality-oblivious server by up to seven-fold, depending on the average size of the files requested and on the size of the server's working set. Our simulation results demonstrate that L2S achieves throughput that is within 22% of the full potential of locality-conscious distribution on 16 nodes, outperforming and significantly outscaling the best-known locality-conscious server. Based on our results and on the fact that the files serviced by network servers are becoming larger and more numerous, we conclude that our locality-conscious network server should prove very useful for its performance, scalability and availability.
Detecting anomalies in cluster-based parallel programs using a wavelet based approach

Anomaly detection has the potential to detect unusual behavior and novel attacks that have not been previously observed. Audits of many events including system calls, user command usage, credit card usage, etc. can be used as the basis for anomaly detection. Examination of these traces of ordered events allows classification of audit trails as normal or anomalous. This paper explores the utility of wavelets as a classification method for use in the context of anomaly detection in parallel programs run in a high performance cluster environment. The events considered are traces of function calls and system calls invoked by parallel programs. Two wavelet-based classification methods are described for anomaly detection. The wavelet-based approaches are sensitive to both order and frequency behavior of the events. The experimental results indicate that both wavelet-based classification methods are more effective in the detection of anomalies than sequence matching.
Creencias de Nuestros Antepasados

Creencias de Nuestros Antepasados. Maruch Santiz Gomez. Mexico: Centro de la Imagen, CIESAS, Casa de las Imagenes (distributed in the United Slates by The Latin American Book Store, Ltd., 204 North Geneva St., Ithaca, NY), 1998. 108 pp.
An Overview of Purple Bacteria: Systematics, Physiology, and Habitats

Anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria are a major group of photosynthetic microorganisms widely distributed in nature, primarily in aquatic habitats. Nearly 50 genera of these organisms are known and some have become prime model systems for the experimental dissection of photosynthesis. Purple sulfur bacteria differ from purple nonsulfur bacteria on both metabolic and phylogenetic grounds, but species of the two major groups often coexist in illuminated anoxic habitats in nature. Purple sulfur bacteria are strong photoautotrophs and capable of limited photoheterotrophy, but they are poorly equipped for metabolism and growth in the dark. By contrast, purple nonsulfur bacteria, nature’s preeminent photoheterotrophs, are capable of photoautotrophy, and possess diverse capacities for dark metabolism and growth. Several purple bacteria inhabit extreme environments, including extremes of temperature, pH, and salinity. Collectively, purple bacteria are important phototrophs because they (1) consume a toxic substance, H2S, and contribute organic matter to anoxic environments by their autotrophic capacities; (2) consume organic compounds, primarily non-fermentable organic compounds, in their roles as photoheterotrophs; and (3) offer scientists in the photosynthesis community a smorgasbord of molecular diversity for the study of photosynthesis.
Attacking invasive grasses

In grasslands fire may play a role in the plant invasion process, both by creating disturbances that potentially favour non-native invasions and as a possible tool for controlling alien invasions. Havill et al. (Applied Vegetation Science, 18, 2015, this issue) determine how native and non-native species respond to different fire regimes as a first step in understanding the potential control of invasive grasses.
THEOREMS FOR SERIES EXPANSIONS FOR THE GENERALIZED HEISENBERG MODEL

R6sum6. Dans ce travail nous demontrons deux identites extrdmement utiles dans le developpement en series a hautes tempkatures, de I'Hamiltonien isotrope #Heisenberg pour des spins de dimensions quelconques. Une identite relie les valeurs associ6es aux diagrammes pour la fonction de correlation spin-spin aux diagrammes de I'knergie libre. La seconde identit6 relie les valeurs associkes a diffkrents diagrammes de 1'6nergie libre, qui diffkre, dans le langage de la theorie des graphes, par l'insertion d'un vortex de valence deux.
The Power of Play Connecting and Re-Connecting Through Music

Explore musical play as a means of making meaningful connections in the elementary general music classroom. Usher in the Spring with joyful singing, dancing, and playing!
A frequency domain global parameter estimation method for multiple reference frequency response measurements

Abstract A method of using the matrix Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) model in the Laplace domain for multiple-reference global parameter identification is presented. This method is particularly applicable to the area of modal analysis where high modal density exists. The method is also applicable when multiple reference frequency response functions are used to characterise linear systems. In order to facilitate the mathematical solution, the Forsythe orthogonal polynomial is used to reduce the ill-conditioning of the formulated equations and to decouple the normal matrix into two reduced matrix blocks. A Complex Mode Indicator Function (CMIF) is introduced, which can be used to determine the proper order of the rational polynomials.
The Parenting of Immigrant Chinese and European American Mothers: Relations Between Parenting Styles, Socialization Goals, and Parental Practices

Abstract Clarification of the cultural meaning of parenting for immigrant Chinese was determined, focusing on parenting style as well as socialization goals and practices. Although the cultural relevance of an alternative parenting style, training, has been demonstrated for Chinese parents, the broader-level cultural values or socialization goals and parental practices that may be related to training have not been examined. Immigrant Chinese n = 95 and European American n = 52 mothers of children in the first through third grades completed measures of Baumrind's parenting styles and Chao's training items, in addition to measures of socialization goals and practices (parental involvement in school). This study found that Chinese mothers endorsed the training, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles, while also endorsing socialization goals for filial piety and structural parental involvement practices in comparison with European American mothers. However, additional analyses for examining ethnic group differences in the associations between training and the other parenting scales, these associations were similar for immigrant Chinese and European American mothers.
Cardiopulmonary response to exercise testing in people with chronic stroke: a retrospective study.

Background and Purpose. This study investigated the cardiopulmonary response and safety of exercise testing at peak effort in people during the chronic stage of stroke recovery. Methods. This retrospective study examined data from 62 individuals with chronic stroke (males: 32; mean (SD); age: (12.0)&#x2009;yr) participating in an exercise test. Results. Both males and females had low cardiorespiratory fitness levels. No significant differences were found between gender for peak HR (𝑃=0.27), or VO2 peak (𝑃=0.29). Males demonstrated higher values for minute ventilation, tidal volume, and respiratory exchange ratio. No major adverse events were observed in the exercise tests conducted. Discussion and Conclusion. There are differences between gender that may play a role in exercise testing performance and should be considered when developing exercise programs. The low VO2 peak of this cohort of chronic stroke survivors suggests the need for participation in exercise interventions.
Toward a more environmentally benign synthesis of doped barium titanate

Abstract Barium titanate is one of the most thoroughly studied members of the perovskite family due to its prominent place in the electroceramic industry. To be used as a capacitor at room temperature, a high-dielectric constant is needed which is achieved through doping. The focus of this research was to develop a more environmentally benign alternative to the doping of barium titanate. The barium source was barium titanyl catecholate, Ba[Ti(cat)3] (aq) and the doping sources were strontium oxalate (SrC2O4) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3). The doping strategies included a solid-state synthetic pathway as well as microwave- and centrifuge-assisted methods which both employed water as the only solvent. The last two benign by design methods were tested with respect to their thermodynamic control over barium-to-strontium stoichiometric ratios. These methods of doping proved to be more environmentally friendly and economical while combining green chemistry and materials science.
The Middle Path to Democracy in the Kingdom of Bhutan

I explicate here the conditions conducive to fostering democracy in Bhutan. Using an interdisciplinary framework, I argue that village society is fundamentally democratic, but the state is not, and that the state can be democratized by formalizing traditional institutions. However, I argue that anti-Bhutan rebels in Nepal cannot bring democracy to Bhutan.
Mitotic spindle studied using picosecond laser scissors

In previous studies we have shown that the second harmonic 532 nm, from a picosecond frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser, can cleanly and selectively disrupt spindle fiber microtubules in live cells (Botvinick et al 2004, Biophys. J. 87:4303-4212). In the present study we have ablated different locations and amounts of the metaphase mitotic spindle, and followed the cells in order to observe the fate of the irradiated spindle and the ability of the cell to continue through mitosis. Cells of the rat kangaroo line (PTK2) were stably transfected by ECFP-tubulin and, using fluorescent microscopy and the automated RoboLase microscope, (Botvinick and Berns, 2005, Micros. Res. Tech. 68:65-74) brightly fluorescent individual cells in metaphase were irradiated with 0.2447 nJ/micropulse corresponding to an irradiance of 1.4496*10^7 J/(ps*cm^2) . Upon irradiation the exposed part of the mitotic spindle immediately lost fluorescence and the following events were observed in the cells over time: (1) immediate contraction of the spindle pole towards the cut, (2) recovery of connection between pole and cut microtubule, (3) completion of mitosis. This system should be very useful in studying internal cellular dynamics of the mitotic spindle.
A Time-Dependent Lateral Boundary Scheme for Limited-Area Primitive Equation Models

Abstract Before high-resolution numerical models can be of use operationally, they must be restricted to a limited domain, thus necessitating lateral boundary conditions which allow the changes outside the limited domain to influence the results while not contaminating the forecast with spurious boundary-reflected energy. Such a set of time-dependent lateral boundary conditions are presented in this paper. This boundary condition set is investigated using the linear analytic and finite-difference advection equations, the non-linear finite-difference shallow-water equations, and the hydrostatic primitive equations. The results illustrate how the boundary condition transforms long- and medium-length interior advective and gravity waves into short waves which can then be removed by a low pass filter, thereby giving the appearance that the exiting wave simply passed through the boundary. The results also indicate that large-scale advective and gravity waves enter the forecast domain with little degradation. T...
Getting warmer, getting colder: reconstructing crocodylomorph physiology.

Seymour et al. (2004) deserve credit for a provocative article. The question they raise—why crocodilians have a four-chambered heart when other reptiles get along with just three—is valid and interesting, and it deserves far more attention than it has thus far received. However, their suggestion that crocodilians once had endothermic ancestors and reverted back to ectothermy when they invaded aquatic niches is less than compelling for a number of reasons. Seymour et al. actually deal with two separate questions: What was the metabolic status of the early crocodylomorphs? and What selective factors might account for the attributes of modern crocodilians and the transformation that distinguishes this lineage from the ancestral forms? With regard to the first question, they argue not merely that crocodilian biology was modified from that of their Triassic and Early Jurassic ancestors but explicitly that these ancestors had attained full endothermic status. Unfortunately, they provide no compelling evidence that endothermy was in fact present in the ancestral forms. The authors point to the agile body sizes, delicate bones, and erect, possibly bipedal gait of early crocodylomorphs as evidence of a terrestrial, cursorial lifestyle and then postulate that “upright stance and the capacity for highly active, terrestrial behavior are characteristic of endotherms” (p. 1054). However, as the authors themselves acknowledge, attributes such as posture, gait, and bone structure are not compelling evidence of endothermy (in addition to the reviews cited by the authors, see also Farlow 1990; Farlow et al. 1995; Ruben 1995; Chinsamy and Hillenius 2004; Hillenius and Ruben 2004). Early croco-
Some problems in associative processor applications to data base management

Associative memories and processors have been discussed in the literature for the past 15 years and a small number of hardware devices have actually been built. The usefulness of these devices can only be proven through actual applications. A number of these applications have been considered and include air traffic control, computer graphics, information retrieval, numerical analysis, networks and among others, data base management.
A probabilistic approach to obtaining limiting estimates of radionuclide concentration in biota

The US Department of Energy has developed a graded approach for evaluating radiation doses to biota. Limiting concentrations of radionuclides in water, soil, and sediment were derived for twenty-three radionuclides. Four organism types (aquatic animals, riparian animals, terrestrial animals, and terrestrial plants) were selected as the basis for method development. While environmental transfer data needed for deriving biota tissue concentrations are available for aquatic animals and terrestrial plants, less information is available for terrestrial and riparian organisms. Two methods were applied and examined for their ability to provide estimates of organism:soil or organism:water concentration factors in lieu of measured data. The kinetic/allometric approach combined with a parameter uncertainty analysis provides a needed method to estimate concentration factors across multiple species with limited input data.
Transcriptional Down-Regulation and rRNA Cleavage in Dictyostelium discoideum Mitochondria during Legionella pneumophila Infection

Bacterial pathogens employ a variety of survival strategies when they invade eukaryotic cells. The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is used as a model host to study the pathogenic mechanisms that Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease, uses to kill eukaryotic cells. Here we show that the infection of D. discoideum by L. pneumophila results in a decrease in mitochondrial messenger RNAs, beginning more than 8 hours prior to detectable host cell death. These changes can be mimicked by hydrogen peroxide treatment, but not by other cytotoxic agents. The mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) is also cleaved at three specific sites during the course of infection. Two LSU rRNA fragments appear first, followed by smaller fragments produced by additional cleavage events. The initial LSU rRNA cleavage site is predicted to be on the surface of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome, while two secondary sites map to the predicted interface with the small subunit. No LSU rRNA cleavage was observed after exposure of D. discoideum to hydrogen peroxide, or other cytotoxic chemicals that kill cells in a variety of ways. Functional L. pneumophila type II and type IV secretion systems are required for the cleavage, establishing a correlation between the pathogenesis of L. pneumophila and D. discoideum LSU rRNA destruction. LSU rRNA cleavage was not observed in L. pneumophila infections of Acanthamoeba castellanii or human U937 cells, suggesting that L. pneumophila uses distinct mechanisms to interrupt metabolism in different hosts. Thus, L. pneumophila infection of D. discoideum results in dramatic decrease of mitochondrial RNAs, and in the specific cleavage of mitochondrial rRNA. The predicted location of the cleavage sites on the mitochondrial ribosome suggests that rRNA destruction is initiated by a specific sequence of events. These findings suggest that L. pneumophila specifically disrupts mitochondrial protein synthesis in D. discoideum during the course of infection.
Abstraction via generic modeling in concept formation in science

Cases where analogy has played a significant role in the formation of a new scientific concept are well-documented. Yet, how is it that genuinely new representations can be constructed from existing representations? It is argued that the process of ‘generic modeling’ enables abstraction of features common to both the domain of the source of the analogy and of the target phenomena. The analysis focuses on James Clerk Maxwell's construction of the electromagnetic field concept. The mathematical representation Maxwell constructed turned out to be a system of abstract laws that when applied to electromagnetic systems yield laws of a dynamical system that will not map back onto the mechanicals domains used in their construction.
Decadal Modulation of ENSO in a Hybrid Coupled Model

Abstract Decadal variations in the amplitude of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation have been the subject of great interest in the literature for the past decade. One theory suggests that ENSO is best described as a stable system driven by linear dynamics and that stochastic atmospheric forcing is responsible for the development and modulation of ENSO on interannual as well as decadal time scales. Another theory suggests that ENSO is driven by strong nonlinear coupled feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere and low frequency changes in ENSO amplitude are driven by decadal changes in the tropical Pacific mean state. Unfortunately, the observed record is too short to collect reliable statistics for such low frequency behavior. A hybrid coupled model composed of a simple statistical atmosphere coupled to the Poseidon isopycnal ocean model has been developed for the study of ENSO decadal variability. The model simulates realistic ENSO variability on interannual and decadal time scales with negligible clim...
Bilingual/Multilingual Education: Reaction and Reform in Belgium, Wales, and England

This paper examines the relationship between educational reform, national educational goals, and the goals and aspirations of linguistic minorities as exemplified in three models of bilingual/multilingual education: two favor language maintenance—a trilingual model in Belgium, an immersion model in Wales; one does not—a linguistic diversity model in England. The premises underlying these models are not mutually exclusive, nor do they represent consensus in the societies where they are located. Immersion models are found in Belgium and transitional models, a fourth type and most prevalent in the United States, also exists in England and in parts of Belgium alongside the other models. In Belgium, too, an uneasy compromise is emerging between experimental programs and legal restrictions on language use. In Wales, a less intensive "bilingual model" coexists with Welsh medium schools. In England, linguistic communities press for language instruction in regular schools despite the withdrawal of Home Office fund...
Aortic disease associated with pregnancy

Our experience with the management of two patients with life-threatening aortic disease during pregnancy is presented with a review of the literature. One of our patients had intimal disruption caused by trauma; the other had probable Ehlers-Danlos type IV syndrome, causing an acute dissection of the descending thoracic aorta and eventually requiring replacement of the aorta from the left subclavian artery to common iliac arteries. The challenge of treating both the pregnant woman and the fetus was managed successfully by an emergent cesarean section followed by Dacron graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta. The literature reviewed disclosed that aneurysm expansion producing symptoms and dissection is most common during the third trimester and during labor and delivery in patients with or without Marfan's syndrome. Half of the aortic dissections in women less than 40 years of age occur in association with pregnancy. The available evidence indicates that patients with known valvular or aortic disease should have surgical repairs during the first or second trimester and thereafter have delivery by cesarean section. However, patients with acute aortic problems near term appear to be better managed by cesarean section followed promptly by treatment of the aortic disease.
A prospective open-label trial of paliperidone monotherapy for the treatment of bipolar spectrum disorders in children and adolescents

Treatment studies for the management of pediatric bipolar disorder are limited. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of paliperidone monotherapy as an acute treatment of mania and related symptoms in youth with bipolar spectrum disorders. An 8-week, prospective, open-label paliperidone monotherapy trial to assess effectiveness and tolerability in treating pediatric bipolar spectrum and related disorders (depression, psychosis, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]). Assessments included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI), Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Adverse events were assessed through spontaneous self-reports, vital signs, weight monitoring, and laboratory analysis. Fifteen youth with bipolar spectrum disorders (YMRS at entry: 32.8 ± 6.1) were enrolled in the study and 11 (73 %) completed the 8-week trial. The total daily dose of paliperidone at study endpoint was 3 mg in 12 subjects and 6 mg in three subjects. Treatment with paliperidone was associated with statistically significant levels of improvement in mean YMRS scores (−18.7 ± 13.9, p < 0.001) at endpoint. Paliperidone treatment also resulted in significant improvement in the severity of ADHD and psychotic symptoms. Although treatment with paliperidone was generally well tolerated and was not associated with clinically significant change in cardiovascular or metabolic parameters, increases in body weight (4.1 ± 5.5 lb) were substantial. Open-label paliperidone treatment appears to be beneficial in the treatment of bipolar spectrum disorders and associated conditions in youth. Future placebo-controlled studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Robust multivariate scattering Hurwitz interval polynomials

Abstract The relationship between multivariate scattering Hurwitz polynomials and multivariate complex reactance functions is exploited to prove that a specified set of bivariate interval polynomials is characterizable by the scattering Hurwitz property from tests on a finite set of extreme bivariate polynomials. Specifically, it is shown that the cardinality of this finite set when the coefficients are restricted to the field of real numbers is 8. This bivariate result is expected to be generalizable to the n-variate case, for both the real and the complex coefficient cases, if one proceeds with adequate caution.
Interaction of CO with silicon single-crystal surfaces studied by HREELS, UPS and TPD

Abstract When 3 L CO was dosed on Si substrates at 100 K, the CO molecule readily adsorbed on Si(100)-2 × 1, but caused no obvious change in the HREELS of Si(111)-7 × 7. The interaction between CO and Si(100)-2 × 1, however, is rather weak as indicated by the low Si-C stretching frequency (51 meV) and the small red-shift (8 meV) of the C-O stretching mode from its free molecular value. Nearly all of the CO molecules desorbed from the Si(100) when the surface was warmed to T s = 220 K or when the surface was irradiated with 308 nm excimer laser for two 2 min. In the TPD spectrum, a desorption peak at 180 K was observed for m e = 29 ( 13 CO) . We report, for the first time, the vibrational spectrum of the CO molecule adsorbed on a Si single-crystal surface.
Increased phospholipid methylation in the myocardium of hyperthyroid rats

Administration of L-thyroxine (1 mg/kg) to adult rats results in cardiac hypertrophy and enhanced contractility. Phosphatidylcholine synthesis through methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by S-adenosylmetionine in enhanced in the myocardium of hyperthyroid rats. Increased microsomal methylation occurs pari passu with the development of cardiac hypertrophy and may be partly responsible for preservation of cardiac performance.
Cheikh Anta Diop, Malcolm X, and Haki Madhubuti Claiming and Containing Continuity in Black Language and Institutions

It is the purpose of this article to identify the key influences of Cheikh Anta Diop on the work of Haki Madhubuti and Malcolm X. To make this analysis the article begins with an appropriate review of the work of Cheikh Anta Diop and then demonstrates how ideas and concepts in the Diopian project are related to the political work of Malcolm and the artistic work of Madhubuti.
Escherichia coli cAMP Receptor Protein−DNA Complexes. 2. Structural Asymmetry of DNA Bending†

The effect of DNA sequence variability and the degree of cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)-induced bending of the flanking ends of fluorescently labeled DNA were investigated by steady-state fluorescence and differential phase polarization studies in the presence and absence of CRP. Six sequences, including the primary CRP binding sites of lac P1 (class I) and gal P1 (class II), were studied. Excitation and emission spectra of CPM−DNA upon binding CRP were observed to be qualitatively similar to one another, regardless of the CRP binding site sequence examined or the location of the probe. This result implies that the probe is not interacting with the protein. However, the magnitude of the changes in the fluorescence intensities of sensitized emission spectra of CPM−DNA is apparently dependent on the DNA sequence, indicating that the environments of the flanking ends of DNA may be different from one another in the protein−DNA complex. Differential phase polarization results were qualitatively consistent w...
The longevity and productivity of adult male and female Aedes aegypti when reared separately and together on three different diets.

Adult females lived longer than males whether the sexes were reared separately or together, and whether fed on 10% sucrose, on citrated, hemolyzed beef blood containing 10% sucrose, or on a synthetic diet of amino acids, inorganic salts, and 10% sucrose. In all cases, males lived significantly longer alone than when caged with females, but females lived longer when with males than when alone, except on the blood diet where the longevities were relatively equivalent. On blood, females of the mixed group laid 2.3 times as many eggs as were laid by the isolated group of virgin females. On the sucrose diet longevity of males and of females, whether separated or together, was as great as or greater than on either of the other two diets. On the blood diet eggs deposited in 40 days averaged 300 per fertilized female and 127 per virgin female, while on the synthetic diet the averages were 47 and 7.4, respectively.
Carotenoids in bird testes: Links to body carotenoid supplies, plumage coloration, body mass and testes mass in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)

Carotenoid pigments can be allocated to different parts of the body to serve specific functions. In contrast to other body tissues, studies of carotenoid resources in the testes of animals are relatively scarce. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the types and concentrations of carotenoids in the testes of house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). Additionally, we examined the relationships between testes carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid pools in other body tissues, as well as body mass, testes mass and plumage coloration. We detected low concentrations of several carotenoids - lutein (the predominant carotenoid), zeaxanthin, anhydrolutein, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene and an unknown carotene - in the testes of wild house finches. We also found that testes lutein levels were significantly and positively associated with circulating lutein levels, while the concentration of zeaxanthin in testes was positively associated with zeaxanthin levels in liver, though in this instance the relationship was much weaker and only marginally significant. Furthermore, lutein levels in testes were significantly negatively associated with testes mass. Finally, plumage coloration was not associated with either the concentration of carotenoids in the testes or relative testes mass. These results suggest that testes carotenoids are reflective of the pool of circulating carotenoids in house finches, and that plumage coloration is unlikely to signal either the carotenoid content of testes tissue or a male's capacity for sperm production.
Influenza and other respiratory virus infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory infection during the 2011-12 influenza season

Background Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of outpatient visits, yet only a portion is tested to determine the etiologic organism. Multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MRT-PCR) assays for detection of multiple viruses are being used increasingly in clinical settings. Methods During January–April 2012, outpatients with acute respiratory illness (≤7 days) were tested for influenza using singleplex RT-PCR (SRT-PCR). A subset was assayed for 18 viruses using MRT-PCR to compare detection of influenza and examine the distribution of viruses and characteristics of patients using multinomial logistic regression. Results Among 662 participants (6 months–82 years), detection of influenza was similar between the MRT-PCR and SRT-PCR (κ = 0·83). No virus was identified in 267 (40.3%) samples. Commonly detected viruses were human rhinovirus (HRV, 15·4%), coronavirus (CoV, 10·4%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 8·4%), human metapneumovirus (hMPV, 8·3%), and influenza (6%). Co-detections were infrequent (6·9%) and most commonly occurred among those <18 years old. In regression analyses, compared with non-viral illnesses, RSV and hMPV were significantly more frequent in children and less frequent in 18- to 49-year-olds than in those ≥50 years (P = 0·01), fever was more common in hMPV and influenza infections (P = 0·008), nasal congestion was more frequent in CoV, HRV, hMPV, influenza and RSV infections (P = 0·001), and body mass index was higher among those with influenza (P = 0·036). Conclusions Using MRT-PCR, a viral etiology was found in three-fifths of patients with medically attended outpatient visits for acute respiratory illness during the influenza season; co-detected viruses were infrequent. Symptoms varied by viral etiology.
Crystalline lipoprotein-phosphoprotein complex in oocytes from Xenopus laevis: determination of lattice parameters by x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy.

The yolk platelets found in oocytes from the toad Xenopuslaevis have been studied by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction in the first stages of a low-resolution structure determination. The crystalline nature of the platelet has been confirmed, and powder photographs of four forms of the lipoprotein-phosvitin complex have been indexed. The X-ray results from wet native crystals are most consistent with an orthorhombic lattice of unit cell dimensions a = 88·5 A, b = 174·8 A, and c = 198·9 A. Nine different views of the lattice have been found in electron micrographs of fragments broken from the microcrystals and negatively stained with uranyl acetate. Optical diffraction patterns from these micrographs have been indexed in terms of the lattice derived from the X-ray diffraction results.
Intestinal absorption of cholesterol-4-C14-d-glucoside

Abstract The properties, estimation, and intestinal absorption of cholesterol-4-C 14 - d -glucoside were investigated. A technique for the separation of cholesterol- d -glucoside from free and esterified cholesterol was devised based on the differential solubility of those substances in petroleum ether and 2:1 chloroform-methanol. Cholesterol-4-C 14 - d -glucoside, when fed to lymph-fistula animals, was found to be poorly absorbed. A portion of the C 14 sterol glucoside was hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen, and the free cholesterol liberated entered the intestinal wall. Both free and esterified C 14 sterols were detected in the lymph. No intact cholesterol- d -glucoside could be detected in the small intestine, lymph, or serum following its feeding.
Short-term outcomes of a 12-step program among women with anorexia, bulimia, and eating disorders.

I examined the short-term effectiveness of a 12-Step, inpatient program incorporated into a multimodal approach to the treatment of eating disorders, and the differences among individuals with different types of eating disorders. Results showed that at the 6-month follow-up, all individuals were within the pathological range on all subscales of the EDI-2 instrument. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups on any of the demographic characteristics. Fourteen of the 42 subjects (33.3%) identified themselves as abstinent or devoid of undesirable eating behaviors at the 6-month time period, with 23.8% identified as being at least “somewhat” in relapse.