cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Current Suicidality in College-Women and Men

In previous research, adults who reported childhood sexual abuse have been more suicidal than nonabused adults, but no research has examined their cognitive deterrents to suicide. Strict definitions of sexual abuse in these studies have excluded (a) unwanted sexual experiences with peers, and (b) exploitive experiences not involving genital contact (i.e., unwanted sexual invitations or suggestions, unwanted exposure to others' genitals via exhibitionism, unwanted kissing or hugging in a sexual way). The present study compared suicidal behavior and cognitive deterrents to suicide in 266 college students using both a strict and a liberal definition of sexual abuse. Both women and men abused by adults or peers were more suicidal as adult college students than were women and men with no such history. Women reported similar degrees of suicidality as men, but greater survival and coping beliefs and more fear of suicide. Those whose sexual abuse involved touching were more suicidal, and felt less able to cope, and less responsibility for their families, than nonabused adults. Implications are that adults who experienced childhood sexual abuse that involved touching are more suicidal and have less cognitive deterrents to suicide than adults who have not, regardless of whether they are men or women or whether they were abused by adults or by peers.
Increased risk of citrate reactions in patients with multiple myeloma during peripheral blood stem cell leukapheresis.

The citrate based anticoagulant ACD is commonly used in apheresis procedures. Due to its ability to decrease ionized calcium, citrate may cause unpleasant symptoms, such as paresthesias and muscle cramps, in patients undergoing therapeutic and donor apheresis. We noticed that patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing autologous stem cell leukapheresis appeared to have more citrate reactions when compared to other patients undergoing the same procedure. A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate 139 (of 151) consecutive patients with MM, amyloidosis, hematological and solid malignancies who had autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection between January 2007 and February 2008. Citrate reactions, ranging from mild (e.g., perioral tingling and parasthesias) to severe (e.g., nausea/vomiting and muscle cramps) were noted for 35 patients. Twenty-three of 63 patients with MM had documented citrate reactions, which was significantly higher than those with other hematological and solid malignancies (37% vs. 20%; P < 0.05, Relative Risk (RR) = 1.9). The severities of citrate reactions were the same in both groups; approximately 50% of patients in each group received i.v. calcium gluconate for treatment of hypocalcemia. No correlation between bisphosphonate therapy and citrate reactions were noted in our study group. Examination of available laboratory values related to calcium homeostasis, liver, and renal function failed to reveal a mechanism for the increase in citrate reactions observed. In summary, this single institution retrospective study indicates that patients with MM are more sensitive to citrate-induced hypocalcemia during leukapheresis when compared to patients with other hematological and solid malignancies. Strategies for decreasing citrate reactions (e.g., supplemental calcium and slowing return rates) should be considered for patient safety and comfort, especially in the MM population, on a prophylactic rather than reactive basis. J. Clin. Apheresis 25:188–194, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The future of anesthesiology is perioperative medicine.

Anesthesiology is perioperative medicine. To some anesthesiologists, this statement is gospel and that simple phrase exactly describes the real practice of anesthesiology and the current activities of anesthesiologists. To others, the statement is unrealistic, unattainable, or an unnecessary extension of the specialty; for them, anesthesiology is and should remain a medical specialty largely confined to intraoperative care. What perspective on anesthesiology provides the best prospects for a robust, enduring specialty? Anesthesiology (i.e., perioperative medicine) has evolved from a specialty based on procedures (e.g., intubation, epidural catheter placement) to one with a firm scientific basis and one in which research is leading to improvements in practice. Perioperative medicine is the practice of medicine that relates to and encompasses all aspects of care rendered to patients in the continuum of care from the decision to operate to when the patient is discharged from the hospital after surgery (and perhaps beyond). Anesthesiology is at a crossroads: it can remain a specialty largely oriented around procedures and intraoperative care, or it could expand the boundaries of its clinical practice and what it claims as its intellectual domain. This article addresses how the specialty of anesthesiology reached this crossroad, discusses the new paradigm of perioperative medicine, and speculates on its future. The article hypothesizes that perioperative medicine, although not without difficulties of its own, offers the best chances for the specialty to survive and prosper. A broad view of anesthesiology, encompassing the continuum of care, strengthened by the production of new information relevant to perioperative care and cognizant of the realities of health care economics, provides a strong basis for a healthy specialty that is attractive to trainees and can provide its practitioners with long-term satisfying careers. While anesthesiology considers its options and ponders whether perioperative medicine is the right path to take, a third option may emerge. Reinventing anesthesiology may yield a specialty that is greater than what is practiced currently but is not as ambitious a change and is one that may not commit to the totality of perioperative medicine. Debate and thoughtful consideration of the future of the specialty probably will cause changes in the practice and meaning of anesthesiology and perioperative medicine.
Employment histories among patients with borderline personality disorder symptomatology

Whereas past research has characterized the course of symptoms in borderline personality disorder, functionality with regard to employment is less well-known. In this study, we examined 324 internal medicine outpatients with regard to employment history and borderline personality disorder symptomatology, using two self-report measures. In comparison with participants who did not exceed the cut-off scores on either measure of borderline personality disorder, those who did had a greater number of jobs since age 18, were employed less overall since age 18, were more likely to be paid "under the table", and were more likely to be fired from a job. In the subsample with borderline personality disorder symptomatology, there were few employment differences between those with versus without past histories of psychiatric hospitalization. Findings suggest that individuals with borderline personality symptomatology do not fare as well with employment as their non-borderline peers.
Water Retention Models for Scale-Variant and Scale-Invariant Drainage of Mass Prefractal Porous Media

This research describes the development of water retention models incorporating the effects of partial drainage in random mass prefractal porous media. The pore-size distribution, as well as the connectivity of pores, determines the drained pore volume as a function of suction. The concept of probability of drainage leads to a general scale-variant drainage model (GM) in which the proportion of pores that drain at a given suction level is dependent on the fractal dimension of the drained pore phase, D d , and the proportion of pores that drain at the fi rst suction level or air entry value. Two simplifi ed cases of the general model are also presented. The fi rst simplifi ed model (simplifi ed case 1 (SC1)) is a special case of the GM in which all of the largest pores drain completely at the fi rst suction level. The second model (simplifi ed case 2 (SC2)) is a scale-invariant model in which the proportion of drained pores for each suction level remains constant and is obtained by setting D d equal to the mass fractal dimension, D of the porous medium. Fitting each model to numerically simulated drainage curves for random two-dimensional prefractal porous media with known D values shows that the GM fithe numerical data much better than either the SC1 or SC2 models, which were less fl exible at high D values. Estimates of D d for the GM and SC1 models approached D when D was less than the critical value for percolation, that is, D c ?1.716. Independent estimates of the probability of drainage indicate that the connectivity of water-fi lled pores decreases as a result of the lower porosities associated with higher D values. A novel experimental protocol is suggested for testing these theoretical observations.
Prediction Of Academic And Clinical Performance Of Occupational Therapy Students In An Entry-level Master's Program

OBJECTIVE The relationships between clinical outcomes and predictors used to screen applicants for entrance into a Master in Occupational Therapy (MOT) program were examined. METHOD MOT student records from 1986 to 1992 were used to gather data for three dependent variables and six predictor (independent) variables. The dependent variables used to gauge student success were grade point average in occupational therapy courses (OT-GPA), client attendance at an on-site clinic, and therapy outcomes of clients at that clinic. The predictor variables were undergraduate GPA, scores on the three sections of the Graduate Record Examination, reference forms, and essays. RESULTS The models used to predict OT-GPA and therapy outcomes were significant (p < .05), and the incremental validity of several predictors was established. The model used to predict client attendance was not significant. CONCLUSION The findings regarding OT-GPA support the continued use of all the predictors except the reference forms. Although it was possible to develop a model to predict client outcomes, the usefulness of the model is difficult to interpret.
Islamic Studies in the American Academy: A Personal Reflection

This essay explains several aspects of the intellectual and political environment in which Islamic studies came of age and became a field of study in America during the last four decades. It describes a time in which Orientalism came under attack and Islamist activism came into Western public view and debate, beginning with the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and continually highlighted by such events as 9/11 and the controversy over the attempt to build an Islamic center near Ground Zero. Finding space in the AAR as a venue for the academic study of Islamic religion is described as a conflicted process, with different and competing visions of the mission of Islamic studies scholarship in the Academy. Despite an array of continuing challenges, the successes of the retiring and ongoing groups of Islamicists in the AAR have overall served well the professional interests of the Academy and Islamic studies specialists.
Limited Role for the DsrA and RprA Regulatory RNAs in rpoS Regulation in Salmonella enterica

RpoS, the sigma factor of enteric bacteria that responds to stress and stationary phase, is subject to complex regulation acting at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and proteolysis. Increased translation of rpoS mRNA during growth at low temperature, after osmotic challenge, or with a constitutively activated Rcs phosphorelay depends on two trans-acting small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in Escherichia coli. The DsrA and RprA sRNAs are both highly conserved in Salmonella enterica, as is their target, an inhibitory antisense element within the rpoS untranslated leader. Analysis of dsrA and rprA deletion mutants indicates that while the increased translation of RpoS in response to osmotic challenge is conserved in S. enterica, dependence on these two sRNA regulators is much reduced. Furthermore, low-temperature growth or constitutive RcsC activation had only modest effects on RpoS expression, and these increases were, respectively, independent of dsrA or rprA function. This lack of conservation of sRNA function suggests surprising flexibility in RpoS regulation.
Reversal of Insulin Resistance Postpartum Is Linked to Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling

The restoration of maternal insulin sensitivity postpartum represents an important physiological and metabolic adaptation in a woman's reproductive lifespan. The present study was conducted to examine the potential cellular mechanisms underlying the changes in insulin sensitivity from late pregnancy to postpartum in human skeletal muscle. Nine nonobese women (age, 32 +/- 2 yr; body mass index, 21.2 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)) with normal glucose tolerance were studied during late pregnancy (30-36 wk) and again approximately 1 yr postpartum using a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (5 mm glucose, 40 mU/m(2).min insulin) to determine insulin sensitivity. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained in the basal state before each clamp. Insulin sensitivity improved by 74% from late pregnancy to 1 yr postpartum (5.5 +/- 0.6 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.9 mg/kg fat-free mass.min; P < 0.005). Skeletal muscle insulin receptor (IR) protein expression increased by 42% postpartum, as measured by ELISA (4.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.6 ng/g protein; P < 0.05) and by Western blotting of the IR beta-subunit (28.7 +/- 4.7 vs. 42.0 +/- 4.8 arbitrary units; P < 0.003). However, in vitro studies showed that when adjusted for IR concentration, maximal insulin-stimulated (100 nm) IR tyrosine phosphorylation (0.75 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.08 U) and IR tyrosine kinase activity (183.8 +/- 27.0 vs. 204.3 +/- 23.7 fmol ATP/ng IR) were unchanged. There was a 69% increase in IR substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein expression (P = 0.05) in muscle postpartum. In addition, the p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase was markedly reduced by 55% (P < 0.02) postpartum. The change in insulin sensitivity from late pregnancy to postpartum correlated highly with the corresponding change in IRS-1 protein (r = 0.84; P < 0.007). Downstream signaling proteins, including total Akt and p70s6 kinase, and the glucose transporter protein GLUT-4, were similar at both time points. These data suggest that reduced IR tyrosine kinase activity is not a major factor in the IR of pregnancy in lean women with normal glucose tolerance. Rather, the reversal of insulin resistance 1 yr postpartum is accompanied by increased skeletal muscle IRS-1 along with a down-regulation of the p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These changes may allow for greater p85/p110 binding to IRS-1 and play a significant physiological role in the underlying metabolic adaptation to normal human pregnancy and restoration of insulin sensitivity postpartum.
Comparison of first- and second-wave DAAs for HCV GT1: efficacy, safety, tolerability, and regimen complexity

In recent years, the landscape of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy has fundamentally changed. The first wave of directacting antivirals (DAAs)—the protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir—was approved in 2011 and has improved the rate of cure compared with the prior long-standing standard of care, interferon and ribavirin. However, the safety and efficacy of these agents in the community setting have been associated with increased rates of toxicity and lower efficacy than originally described in pivotal trials. Other limitations of the first-wave protease inhibitors include potential drugdrug interactions, contraindications to use, and lower response rates in those with cirrhosis and advanced liver disease. The second wave of DAAs has now been approved for clinical use, and there is substantial enthusiasm for these new agents given their expected improved tolerability and efficacy across the spectrum of HCV-infected patients. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents has revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C; interferon-free regimens, likely consisting of several oral agents, represent the future of HCV therapy.
A variable stiffness PZT cellular actuator with tunable resonance for cyclic motion tasks

A simple and efficient approach for varying the inherent stiffness and impedance of a muscle-like actuator is presented. The basic architecture of PZT cellular actuators has already achieved a large effective strain (10–20%). This architecture is modified and extended so that each cellular unit can be switched between a zero compliance state and constant compliance state. The effective stiffness of the cellular actuator is varied by changing the distribution of cellular units in the rigid versus compliant state. Furthermore, by placing a multitude of these cellular units in series or parallel, the stiffness can vary within a large set of discrete values. This paper also demonstrates the viability of the variable stiffness cellular actuator for cyclic tasks such as running and flapping. The basic principle and design concept for the actuator is described, followed by force-displacement analysis. A dynamic model is then constructed to demonstrate the variable resonance properties of the actuator under load.
Manufacturing of composite links by structural reaction injection molding

An innovative approach has been developed to fabricate composite parts with complicated geometry. The part is first divided into several simple substructures and each substructure is produced by an optimal process. These preformed substructures are then assembled on a specially designed tool and transferred into a mold cavity for resin impregnation by structural reaction injection molding (SRIM). A composite link is used as an example in this study. The mold filling pattern is simulated using a 3-D computer model. The simulated results compared well with the experimental results when race tracking and fiber impingement effects were considered in the model.
Functional Interactions among Two Yeast Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins and an mRNA-Specific Translational Activator

Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial gene coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit III is specifically activated at the level of translation by at least three nuclear genes, PET122, PET494 and PET54. We have shown previously that carboxy-terminal deletions of PET122 are allele-specifically suppressed by mutations in an unlinked nuclear gene, termed PET123, that encodes a small subunit ribosomal protein. Here we describe additional pet122 suppressors generated by mutations in a second gene which we show to be the previously identified nuclear gene MRP1. Like PET123, MRP1 encodes a component of the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes. Our mrp1 mutations are allele-specific suppressors of carboxyl-terminal truncations of the PET122 protein and do not bypass the requirement for residual function of PET122. None of our mrp1 mutations has an intrinsic phenotype in an otherwise wild-type background. However, some of the mrp1 mutations cause a non-conditional respiratory-defective phenotype in combination with certain pet123 alleles. This synthetic defective phenotype suggests that the ribosomal proteins PET123 and MRP1 interact functionally with each other. The fact that they can both mutate to suppress certain alleles of the mRNA-specific translational activator PET122 strongly suggests that the PET122 protein promotes translation of the coxIII mRNA via an interaction with the small subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes.
SUCCESSFUL IMMUNIZATION OF PRIMATES WITH RABIES VACCINE PREPARED IN HUMAN DIPLOID CELL STRAIN WI-38.

SummaryThe antigenicity of 2 strains of rabies virus (Flury HEP and Pitman-Moore) propagated in a Human Diploid Cell Strain and used as live and inactivated vaccine was studied in Rhesus monkeys. It was found that these strains were much more antigenic than the same strains of virus propagated in embryonated avian egg before adaptation to tissue culture. The use of this tissue culture vaccine in man should be contemplated.
Applying the revised Bloom's taxonomy of the cognitive domain to linux system administration assessments

The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy has been used by educators, regardless of the discipline being taught, to characterize learning outcomes and their assessments. Such efforts help identify the cognitive requirements of a given examination or the expectations of a learning module. Despite having become a de facto standard, the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy is not trivial to apply. Education researchers are often in the best position to understand the subtle differences between taxonomy categories, but they often lack the discipline-specific knowledge to map the taxonomy's categories to assignments or questions. This problem suggests that education research on the application of the revised taxonomy should be multi-disciplinary, involving both education and discipline-based education researchers. This paper summarizes the experience acquired by the CEReAL group - Computing Education Research at Lakeland - as it leveraged the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy to categorize quizzes and assignments used in an Introduction to Linux course. We detail the specifics of the task, discuss the rules which governed our categorization process, and highlight scenarios where the taxonomy did not apply straightforwardly.
2014 AERA Presidential Address The College Ambition Program: A Realistic Transition Strategy for Traditionally Disadvantaged Students

The College Ambition Program (CAP) is designed to encourage low-income and minority students to enroll in college. The following analysis presents updated results from my AERA presidential talk in 2014. Results indicate that CAP, which is a schoolwide intervention, increased college attendance for low-income and minority students in seven treatment high schools compared to 31 control schools by 8%. The 8% increase is largely concentrated in students who would have not attended college but instead enrolled in 2-year institutions. The modest effects of CAP should be viewed as positive and encouraging, especially providing direction for replication and scale-up.
Improved starting points for heuristic searches in time-optimal slew-maneuver problems

Two methods, Latin hypercube selection and Sobol sequences, are considered for generating a starting point in the search space for a time-optimal, constrained slew maneuver, with the starting point then being used in a heuristic search algorithm. Both methods provide faster early progress, as compared to an initial point generated using random numbers with a uniform probability distribution. Covariance Matrix Adaptation-Evolutionary Strategy is employed for the search, which is terminated after a fixed number of generations. The resulting partially-converged solutions are kinematically feasible, making them useful either as initial guesses for subsequent, more rigorous searches or as approximate stand-alone solutions.
Molecular Systematics of the Genus Lasiurus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Based on Restriction-Site Maps of the Mitochondrial Ribosomal Genes

Phylogenetic relationships among some members of the chiropteran genus Lasiurus were investigated using a restriction-enzyme analysis of the ribosomal genes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A restriction-site mapping strategy was used that provides high-resolution maps by partial endonuclease digestion of the target sequence. One hundred thirty-five sites were mapped onto a 1.56-kilobases fragment that includes most of the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The results of this study agree with previous work based on protein electrophoresis and, in some cases, do not support traditional taxonomic allocations based on morphology. The relationships among the three species groups (red, hoary, and yellow bats) constitute an unresolved trichotomy. Among hoary bats, the endemic Hawaiian hoary bat is more similar to the North American subspecies than to the South American subspecies. Separation of the North American red bats into two species, L. borealis and L. blossevillii, is supported. The Cuban L. pfeifferi, considered by some to be a subspecies of L. borealis, is closer to L. seminolus and possibly is a subspecies of the latter. The yellow bats L. xanthinus and L. insularis are shown to be distinct species separated from L. ega and L. intermedius, respectively. These last two species are closely related taxa, as previously suggested by karyotypic evidence. Based on the estimated time of origin of the genus Lasiurus, the ribosomal genes have evolved at a rate of ca. 0.87% divergence/106 years, which is comparable to estimates in other mammalian groups based on nucleotide-sequence data.
Dyadic Federations and Confederations

This article focuses on the thirteen-odd bicommunal polities in which two, and only two, distinct communities dominate the political arena. The concept of a bicommunal polity is analytical rather than statistical. Permanent asymmetry characterizing the two components makes a simple majoritarian formula for decisionmaking processes unacceptable. What other decisional frameworks have a greater chance for success: federalism, federalism with a heavy dose of confederal ingredients, regional confederation, consociationalism or secession? A confederal modification of federalism has so far appeared as more acceptable to two asymmetric and antagonistic polities than a concept of a federal union with its commitment to an overarching cultural-political national union. The high failure rate of bicommunal configurations points also to the necessity to relate the inner working of bicommunal polities to international balancing processes and/or support or abstinence of "blood-related" nation-states.
Raw-Material Availability and the Organization of Technology

Andrefsky, Jr., William. 1994 Raw Material Availability and the Organization of Technology. American Antiquity 59:21‑35.
Oh, My Aching Back! A Review of Spinal Arthropathies: Musculoskeletal Imaging

Spinal arthropathies of degenerative, erosive, inflammatory, and metabolic causes are discussed in this presentation.
Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks and Routing Techniques

Correlative knowledge of wireless sensor network is briefly introduced,including the architecture,the characteristics and the ap-plication fields.After key techniques of wireless sensor network are introduced,routing technique is analyzed emphatically,and then the problems and challenges of routing techniques are discussed.
Abstract B1-30: Receptor-level feedback mechanisms distinguish frequency- and amplitude-modulated ERK activation

Receptor tyrosine kinases transduce signals through ERK and drive distinct cellular behaviors, but it is not clear how dynamic patterns of ERK activity are generated. To approach this question quantitatively, we have generated an epithelial cell line expressing a tunable version of the canonical nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA. Upon NGF stimulation, we visualized the dynamics of ERK activity in live cells using an improved fluorescent reporter for ERK activity, EKAR3. Examination of the NGF receptor pathway in isolation revealed that stimulation with NGF promotes a prolonged ERK activity pulse that is amplitude-modulated by the concentration of the stimulus, in contrast to the frequency modulation observed in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-RAS-ERK pathway. This result implies that the primary determinants of ERK kinetics are the unique set of signaling proteins recruited to the activating receptor. To dissect the context in which ERK is activated in respect to parallel signaling pathways, we have engineered mutant NGF receptors that cannot be phosphorylated at one or more of the three adaptor binding sites and characterized how each signaling pathway contributes to the pattern of dynamic ERK activity. Furthermore, because our NGF receptor expression system allows the tunable and quantifiable expression of receptor levels, we have evaluated the effect of receptor number on ERK kinetics in single cells. Our findings indicate that the dynamics of ERK activity are in fact decided at the receptor-level and may explain how different receptor tyrosine kinase profiles in cancer cells modulate distinct patterns of ERK activity. Citation Format: Breanne Sparta, Michael Pargett, Kevin Distor, Marta Minguet, John G. Albeck. Receptor-level feedback mechanisms distinguish frequency- and amplitude-modulated ERK activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-30.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the supermorbidly obese patient.

INTRODUCTION Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in the United States, and as patients at the extremes of morbid obesity come under the care of surgeons, routine procedures may become increasingly complex in the face of greater body mass. We prospectively evaluated the success rate of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement in a group of morbidly obese patients outside the current classification systems used to stratify obesity. METHODS Patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 60 kg/m2 who presented for PEG over a one year period were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent attempted PEG placement using the pull method by a single surgeon. Outcome variables included: successful PEG, wound infection, tube dislodgement, or bleeding. RESULTS Six patients with BMI > 60 kg/m2 presented for PEG. All patients were in a surgical critical care unit maintained on mechanical ventilation. All underwent successful PEG placement with standard techniques and sustained no post-procedural complications. CONCLUSION In the hands of an experienced surgical endoscopist, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy can be safely performed in patients at the extremes of morbid obesity. Future studies are warranted to validate the results of our small series.
Investigative aspects of crossover offending from a sample of FBI online child sexual exploitation cases

Abstract The prevalence and availability of child pornography on the Internet has increased the number of cases investigated by law enforcement and public concern regarding the extent to which individuals who collect child pornography also commit contact sexual offenses against children. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) III – Crimes Against Children conducted an archival review of 251 online Sexual Exploitation of Children (SEOC) cases to assess the range of offending behavior and the relationship between child pornography possession and other sexual offenses against children. Analysis revealed 38% of the cases ( n = 95/251) involved crossover offending, in which offenders who possessed child pornography also attempted or committed other SEOC crimes. Although 62% of the investigations uncovered possession-only offenses, the frequency of crossover offending observed in this sample indicates that the act of viewing child pornography does not always exist in isolation, and that a child sex offender's sexual interest in children may be part of a larger pattern of offending behavior. Awareness and understanding of potential crossover offending behavior offers additional investigative, prosecutive, supervisory, and assessment/treatment considerations when working with this population of offenders.
Absolute wavelength calibration of a Doppler spectrometer with a custom Fabry-Perot optical system

An Ion Doppler Spectrometer (IDS) is used for fast measurements of C VI line emission (343.4 nm) in the Madison Symmetric Torus. Absolutely calibrated flow measurements are difficult because the IDS records data within 0.25 nm of the line. Commercial calibration lamps do not produce lines in this narrow range. A light source using an ultraviolet LED and etalon was designed to provide a fiducial marker 0.08 nm wide. The light is coupled into the IDS at f/4, and a holographic diffuser increases homogeneity of the final image. Random and systematic errors in data analysis were assessed. The calibration is accurate to 0.003 nm, allowing for flow measurements accurate to 3 km/s. This calibration is superior to the previous method which used a time-averaged measurement along a chord believed to have zero net Doppler shift.
Influence of mechanical stratigraphy on clastic injectite growth at Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming: A case study of natural hydraulic fracture containment

Sandstone injectites ranging from 1 km in outcrop length intrude the Cretaceous Mowry Formation in the vicinity of Sheep Mountain anticline (Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA). These injectites were sourced from the Peay Sandstone Member of the overlying Cretaceous Frontier Formation and represent a significant possible fluid pathway through impermeable shales. Sand injection occurred along dikes and sills, interacting with bedding discontinuities and preexisting joints in the Mowry Formation during the early folding of Sheep Mountain anticline. We argue that, in contrast to the passive sweeping of sediments into fissures characteristic of Neptunian dike formation, downward intrusion of the Peay sand was forceful and made possible by a highly stratified horizontal stress field resulting from the deposition, burial, and lithification history of the rock units in the area. The internal structure of the injectites is dominated by two sets of mutually offsetting deformation bands. The deformation bands have shear and compaction components, exhibiting significant porosity loss, as well as cataclasis and minor pressure solution. After formation of the deformation bands, subsequent faulting was localized along the margins of deformation bands, evidenced in the field by slickensided surfaces. A detailed kinematic analysis of slickenline lineations yields shortening and extension axes consistent with deformation band formation during early Laramide–oriented shortening, and continuing through the folding of Sheep Mountain anticline. Beyond the formation and deformation of these sandstone injectites, this study highlights the importance of mechanical stratigraphy in the containment of hydraulic fractures.
Container management as emerging workload for operating systems

Operating-system-level virtualization is becoming increasingly important for server applications since it provides containers as a foundation of the emerging microservice architecture, which enables agile application development, deployment, and operation - the essential characteristics in modern cloud-based services. Agility in the microservice architecture heavily depends on fast management operations for containers, such as create, start, and stop. Since containers rely on administrative kernel services provided by the host operating system, the microservice architecture can be considered as a new workload for an operating system as it stresses those services differently from traditional workloads. We studied the scalability of container management operations for Docker, one of the most popular container management systems, from two aspects: core and container scalability, which indicate how much the number of processor cores and number of containers affect container management performance, respectively. We propose a hierarchical analysis approach to identify scalability bottlenecks where we analyze multiple layers of a software stack from the top to bottom layer. Our analysis reveals that core scalability has bottlenecks at a virtualization layer for storage and network devices, and that container scalability has bottlenecks at various components that inquire mount points. While those bottlenecks exist in a daemon process of Docker, the root causes are a couple of interfaces of the underlying kernel. This implies the operating system has room for improvement to more efficiently host emerging microservice applications.
Conductivity Tensor for Anisotropic Plasma in Gyrokinetic Theory

It has been argued that oblique firehose and mirror instabilities are important candidates for the regulation of temperature anisotropy in solar wind. To quantify the role of anisotropy driven instabilities, global kinetic simulations of the solar wind would be extremely useful. However, due to long time scales involved, such simulations are prohibitively expensive. Gyrokinetic theory and simulations have proven to be valuable tools for the study of low frequency phenomena in nonuniform plasmas; however, there are discrepancies between the anisotropy driven instabilities appearing in the gyrokinetic theory and those of a fully kinetic one. We present a derivation of the conductivity tensor based on the arbitrary frequency gyrokinetics and show that relaxing the condition ω/Ω≪1, where ω is the wave frequency, and the Ω is the cyclotron frequency, eliminates these discrepancies, while preserving the advantages of the gyorkinetic theory for global kinetic simulations.
Complications after hand surgery in patients with a raised International Normalized Ratio.

A multicentre database was used to compare complications in 231 patients with an elevated International Normalized Ratio with 1626 control patients with a normal International Normalized Ratio. Patients with International Normalized Ratios measured within 48 hours of hand surgery were identified. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between anticoagulation and reoperation rates, emergency department visits and hospital readmissions for the first 30 days after operation. The group with a raised International Normalized Ratio had a significantly higher Charlson Comorbidity Score. An elevated International Normalized Ratio was associated with an odds ratio for a post-operative emergency department visit of 3.3 and an odds ratio of 4.7 for readmission. There was no statistically significant difference in early reoperations between the two groups.Level of evidence: III
Plant DNA barcodes: Applications today and in the future

DNA barcodes have provided a new biological tool for organismal biologists to increase their understanding of the natural world. Over the last decade four plant DNA barcode markers, rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and ITS2, have been developed, tested, and used to address basic questions in systematics, ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation, including community assembly, species interaction networks, taxonomic discovery, and assessing priority areas for environmental protection. Forensic investigators have also applied these plant DNA barcodes in the regulatory areas of traffic in endangered species and monitoring commercial products, such as foods and herbal supplements. Major challenges ahead will focus on building the global plant DNA barcode library and adopting genomic sequencing technologies for a more efficient and cost-effective workflow in applying these genetic identification markers to additional fields of biological and commercial endeavors.
An Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of Bankart Repair Configurations.

Background:Suture anchor repair for anterior shoulder instability can be performed using a number of different repair techniques, but none has been proven superior in terms of anatomic and biomechanical properties.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose was to compare the anatomic footprint coverage and biomechanical characteristics of 4 different Bankart repair techniques: (1) single row with simple sutures, (2) single row with horizontal mattress sutures, (3) double row with sutures, and (4) double row with labral tape. The hypotheses were as follows: (1) double-row techniques would improve the footprint coverage and biomechanical properties compared with single-row techniques, (2) horizontal mattress sutures would increase the footprint coverage compared with simple sutures, and (3) repair techniques with labral tape and sutures would not show different biomechanical properties.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Twenty-four fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were dissected. The native labrum was rem...
The Impact of |Delta I| = 5/2 transitions in K ---> pi pi decays

We consider the impact of isospin violation on the analysis of K-> pi pi decays. We scrutinize, in particular, the phenomenological role played by the additional weak amplitude, of |Delta I|=5/2 in character, incurred by the presence of isospin violation. We show that Watson's theorem is appropriate in O(m_d-m_u), so that the inferred pi-pi phase shift at sqrt{s}=m_K determines the strong phase difference between the I=0 and I=2 amplitudes in K-> pi pi decay. We find the magnitude of the |Delta I|=5/2 amplitude thus implied by the empirical branching ratios to be larger than expected from estimates of isospin-violating strong and electromagnetic effects. We effect a new determination of the octet and 27-plet coupling constants with strong-interaction isospin violation and with electromagnetic effects, as computed by Cirigliano, Donoghue, and Golowich, and find that we are unable to resolve the difficulty. Exploring the role of |Delta I|=5/2 transitions in the CP-violating observable epsilon'/epsilon, we determine that the presence of a |Delta I|=5/2 amplitude impacts the empirical determination of omega, the ratio of the real parts of the |Delta I|=3/2 to |Delta I|=1/2 amplitudes, and that it generates a decrease in the estimation of epsilon'/epsilon.
A CMOS Real-Time Spectrum Sensor Based on Phasers for Cognitive Radios

Real-time spectrum sensing refers to searching for possible signals at a specific time and location, which is applicable to cognitive radio for primary signal detection. The simplicity and low sensing time of phaser-based spectrum sensors, implemented in a discrete manner previously, provided the incentive for this paper. In this paper, an integrated CMOS wideband real-time spectrum sensor with a novel on-chip phaser in 57–354-MHz band, as part of VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands, is presented. The proposed approach provides a fast, simple, area-efficient analog solution for real-time spectrum sensing with low noise figure and power consumption. The integrated chip has been fabricated in a standard 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS IBM technology and has achieved a sensing time of as low as 2.5 $\mu \text{s}$ for 27-MHz frequency resolution.
Neural response to errors is associated with problematic alcohol use over time in combat-exposed returning veterans: An event-related potential study.

Abstract Background Currently, we do not have biomarkers to help identify individuals at-risk for chronic, problematic alcohol use, especially among veteran populations, who have notoriously high rates of alcohol use. One biomarker that may predict individuals at risk for chronic, problematic alcohol use is error-related brain activity. We examined longitudinal associations between the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential observed following the commission of errors, and problematic alcohol use among U.S. military veterans returning from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods Forty-six military veterans, aged 18–55 years, completed a well-validated flanker task known to elicit the ERN at baseline. Problematic alcohol use and other clinically relevant variables were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, 18-, 21-months, and 2 years. Results Results indicated that the ERN magnitude was associated with problematic alcohol use over time, even after controlling for relevant clinical variables. Specifically, veterans with a smaller ERN magnitude evidenced a decline in problematic alcohol use over time, while veterans with a larger ERN magnitude had no change in their problematic alcohol use across the follow-up. In addition, exploratory analyses found that treatment engagement during the study did not moderate these relationships. Conclusions Our findings provide preliminary evidence that ERN can be used as a predictor of problematic alcohol use over time. Therefore, neural response to errors could help to identify individuals at risk for continued problematic alcohol use for intervention efforts and suggests that error processing may be an important therapeutic target within Alcohol Use Disorder intervention efforts.
Laboratory Identification, Screening, Education, and Counseling for Abnormal Hemoglobins and Thalassemias

With presently available laboratory methodology, virtually all of the clinically significant hemoglobin disorders as well as their heterozygous carrier states can be identified accurately, rapidly, and by relatively inexpensive means. In addition, most of these conditions can now be reliably detected in the newborn and in the fetus in utero. By the application of these diagnostic techniques, affected carriers can be identified and provided accurate information about their genetic risks, and if desired antenatal diagnosis may also be carried out to determine the hemoglobin genotype of a potentially affected fetus. The development of centers that offer these types of genetic services has progressed rapidly since the early 1970’s, and these programs are continuing to assume increasing importance in many areas of the world. As an introduction to a discussion of these issues, the following section briefly reviews the most commonly employed laboratory methods for the identification of these disorders and their carrier states, as well as the rationale for their application.
‘We the ladies … have been deprived of a voice’: Uncovering Black Women’s Lives through the Colored Conventions Archive

This article will investigate how African American women’s experience with education informed the Colored Conventions movement and propose that they used education activism as an avenue to gain and normalize official participation in convention proceedings. From its inception in 1830, the Colored Conventions movement was preoccupied with political and economic uplift and self-help. With these aims in mind, delegates focused on education, specifically mechanical training for men. Throughout the nineteenth century, Black male activists articulated their entitlement to basic rights in gendered terms. The discourse on civil and political rights among Black intellectuals and activists overlapped with discourses of manhood. Consequently, the archives of the Colored Conventions movement overwhelmingly represent Black male voices while Black women’s concerns and struggles were relegated to the margins and, at times, assumed to be secondary to the needs of their male counterparts. Women’s activism did not garner the same support or attention from convention delegates even as Black women and girls faced the same severe impediments as men and boys. Although the convention minutes often say very little about Black women’s participation, it would be remiss to say that it was negligible. The article will show that these minutes can be read productively, highlighting ways we can uncover narratives of Black women and how they navigated a male-centric movement and asserted their public roles. Before being allowed to take the pulpit in these conventions, Black women’s voices had to be mediated through male delegates. While Henry Highland Garnet’s radicalism is often noted because of his fiery speech, ‘An Address to the Slave of the United States’, in an 1843 convention, historians have overlooked his wife Julia Williams Garnet whose experiences with violence informed the couple’s radicalism and advocacy for urgent action. Similarly, the injustice that Frederick Douglass’s daughter Rosetta faced as she enrolled in a boarding school found its way on to the convention floor, giving women attendees and first-time delegates a leeway to centre women’s concerns. This article, therefore, will explore how the Colored Conventions archives reveal how Black women challenged and expanded the parameters of Black womanhood in the nineteenth century.