cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Independence of the Fan theorem in the Presence of Continuity Principles

Publisher Summary Compactness of 2 N plays an important role in the development of intuitionistic analysis and is known as “the Fan theorem (FT),” which implies local compactness of the reals and is itself a consequence of the principle of bar induction (BI). This chapter describes the independence of the FT in the presence of continuity principles. It has been shown by Fourman and Hyland (FH) that both BI and FT can fail in sheaves over Heyting algebras (cHa), thus showing independence from higher-order intuitionistic arithmetic (HAH) and from intuitionistic set theory (ZFI). FT is independent of ZFI, and the construction preserves additional assumptions on functions as well. Thus, one gets independence of FT from ZFI with Brouwer theorem. Arithmetic + power sets (HAH) suffices for the construction presented in the chapter, giving independence results with respect to HAH, and working on the level of ZFI gives independence results with respect to ZFI.
Superinfection exclusion by P22 prophage in lysogens of Salmonella typhimurium. III. Failure of superinfecting phage DNA to enter sieA+ lysogens.

Abstract The sie A exclusion system of phage P22, which blocks superinfection by several Salmonella phages, has been shown to prevent expression of all superinfecting phage functions tested. The exclusion mechanism is specific for DNA injected from phage particles, since growth of heteroimmune phage by thermal or zygotic induction is unaffected by the presence of a P22 sie A + prophage. Though superinfecting phage adsorb to P22 sie A + lysogens, injection of superinfecting DNA is apparently incomplete, since the DNA does not become available to a host DNA restriction system. Though it is not extensively solubilized, much of the sie A-excluded DNA is nicked, indicating that at least some of it is ejected from the phage head. The hypothesis that the A exclusion system blocks entry of superinfecting phage DNA explains the observation (Ebel-Tsipis and Botstein, 1971) that the A system also excludes P22 generalized transducing particles. On the P22 genetic map, the sie A gene is located immediately to the left of the mnt repressor gene and to the right of a cluster of genes coding for proteins involved in injection of phage DNA. Since both the sie A and mnt genes are expressed by the repressed prophage, it is possible that they are coordinately controlled.
MR‐Guided Biopsy, Aspiration, and Cyst Drainage

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Imaging System Development 3 MR-Specific Issues for Instrument Guidance and Visualization 4 Clinical Application for Biopsy and Aspiration 5 Utilization and Economic Considerations 6 Acknowledgements 7 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
When Pandora’s Box Is Opened: A Qualitative Study of the Intended and Unintended Impacts Of Wyoming’s New Standardized Tests on Local Educators’ Everyday Practices

In the context of a newly adopted statewide assessment system, PAWS (Proficiency Assessment for Wyoming Students), this paper describes intended instructional changes and unintended outcomes in classrooms and schools as a result of an assessment policy involving an innovative online portion of the test. An elementary school was selected and prolonged qualitative fieldwork with in-depth and focus group interviews were conducted for 1½ years. A constant comparative data analysis and interpretation from grounded theory methodology led to the following themes: adaptive implementation policy, teachers’ dilemmas, instructional change, and school culture change. While observing an elusive role for teachers that involved external accountability factors, researchers also found a practical hope for future PAWS tests, foreshadowing the need for promptly delivered test results for realistic instructional improvement. Keywords: Standardized Testing, Implementation, Grounded Theory, Instructional Change Since the 2005-6 academic year, the state of Wyoming has adopted a new assessment system, called PAWS (Proficiency Assessment for Wyoming Students), for students from grades three to eleven (WSDE, 2006). Assessments in PAWS include reading, writing, and math. PAWS involves several innovative ideas intended to not only make Federal requirements effective and accurate at the state level, but also to support teachers through the provision of test results in a timely manner. Such timely and specific feedback is designed to provide concrete instructional guidance to teachers. The timely reporting of results is made possible by the power of technology in the context of an ambitious assessment proposal called ISA (Instructionally Supportive Assessment), through which teachers are given a few condensed, key standards/benchmarks aligned closely with actual standardized tests (Popham, 2001, 2002). The purpose of the study described in this article was to use qualitative research methods to identify problems perceived by teachers in the early process of PAWS testing. First, the authors explored ways in which teachers made sense of the PAWS testing policy in general, and teachers’ perspectives on a newly adopted online portion of the testing in reading and math in particular. Second, a process of how planned instructional and school change evolved over time, whether intended or unintended, at the classroom level and across grade levels was documented. The lead author teaches an assessment course and a qualitative research course at the undergraduate and graduate levels, respectively. The second author teaches secondary social studies methods courses and serves as a field supervisor of preservice teachers. The name, PAWS, an acronym for "Proficiency Assessment for Wyoming Students," has become a common part of the lexicon used frequently both by the media and faculty members in the university to which we belong. Educators and other stakeholders were told that the assessment included some innovative ideas.
Ezra and Nehemiah: Lessons in Moral and Spiritual Leadership

This paper examines the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah to derive important lessons dealing with moral and spiritual leadership. Ezra and Nehemiah had different leadership styles but understood the importance of ethical leadership. Corporate and governmental organizations would benefit from incorporating spiritual, moral, and social justice into their core values rather than a pursuing a purely profit seeking model.
Diesel-electric drivetrains for hybrid-electric vehicles: new challenging problems in multivariable analysis and control

Our goal is to develop a complete mathematical model to perform nonlinear analysis and design for multivariable diesel-electric drivetrains. This allows one to study energy conversion needed to perform sophisticated analysis of hybrid-electric vehicle performance (driveability and controllability, maneuverability and agility), efficiency, fuel economy and exhaust emission, etc. The full spectrum of the physical phenomena of interconnected energy conversion processes in diesel and electric machines are studied in the context of multivariable nonlinear analysis, optimization and control. Using a set of differential equations derived, which maps the steady-state and dynamic behavior of high-performance diesel-electric powertrains, an optimal energy management system is designed and tested.
Connections between a Concrete and an Abstract Model of Concurrent Systems

We define a concrete operational model of concurrent systems, called trace automata. For such automata, there is a natural notion of permutation equivalence of computation sequences, which holds between two computation sequences precisely when they represent two interleaved views of the “same concurrent computation.” Alternatively, permutation equivalence can be characterized in terms of a residual operation on transitions of the automaton, and many interesting properties of concurrent computations can be expressed with the help of this operation. In particular, concurrent computations, ordered by “prefix,” form a Scott domain whose structure we characterize up to isomorphism.
Results-oriented versus rules-oriented trade policies: a theoretical survey

This paper surveys the recent literature on results-oriented versus rules-oriented trade policies. After presenting a simple setting capturing the basics of results-oriented markets access schemes, we discuss extensions which have been or might be developed in this line of research. In particular, we investigate how the use of simple costly verification of information models might be fruitfully applied to analyze the incentives for countries to choose between results-oriented and rules-oriented trade policies.
In Memory of Mark D. Wood, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology (1960–2015)

On 26 April 2015 Mark Wood, Professor of Psychology at the University of Rhode Island, suddenly left this life while indulging his passion of running. Though an experienced marathoner and triathlete whom all viewed as a paragon of fitness, his passing was all that more difficult to comprehend for his family, friends, colleagues and students. Mark grew up in Owasso, Oklahoma, served in the US Navy, and then went on to the Arizona State University to obtain his B.A. in Psychology (1990). Following graduation, he pursued graduate training in Social Psychology at the University of Missouri. While at Missouri, Mark met Ken Sher, a clinical psychologist, who became his advisor and …
Combining Word Representations for Measuring Word Relatedness and Similarity

Many unsupervised methods, such as Latent Semantic Analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation, have been proposed to automatically infer word representations in the form of a vector. By representing a word by a vector, one can exploit the power of vector algebra to solve many Natural Language Processing tasks e.g. by computing the cosine similarity between the corresponding word vectors the semantic similarity between the two words can be captured. In this paper, we hypothesize that combining different word representations complements the coverage of semantic aspects of a word and thus better represents the word than the individual representations. To this end, we present two approaches of combining word representations obtained from many heterogeneous sources. We also report empirical results for word-to-word semantic similarity and relatedness by using the new representation using two existing benchmark datasets.
Erosion of Sand from a Gravel Bed

AbstractCleaning of fine sediment out of gravel streambeds has become an important method to restore affected stream habitats. Introducing the increased flows needed to entrain fine sediments without eroding the coarser fractions of the bed and potentially destroying its usefulness as a habitat requires careful selection of flow strength. Toward this end, a series of flume experiments was conducted on the entrainment of sand from immobile gravel beds to determine the depth to which the sand could be eroded without the gravel being mobilized. A series of steady flows was imposed on three gravel beds filled with sand with median sizes of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.9 mm. The shear stress of the series of flows ranged from just above the critical shear stress for initiation of motion of the sand up to 0.9 times the critical stress of the 36.1-mm gravel. The experiments continued until the rate of fine sediment exiting the channel was very small. It was found that the cleanout depth of the sand was reasonably predicted b...
Call Me Tori … Or a Sociologist’s Son Rebels, Just a Little

In graduate school, when sociologists I met regularly asked if I was related to Bill Gamson, I smiled and nodded, added that my mother was also a sociologist, said very good things about them both, made some self-deprecating comments about the family business, and mumbled to myself that I knew I should have gone to film school, goddammit. For a while, I took to calling myself the Tori Spelling of sociology. Tori went into the profession of her father (he produced Charlie’s Angels, The Love Boat, Fantasy Island, and Dynasty), and I went into the profession of both my parents (he is a past President of the American Sociological Association, she a well-known expert on the sociology of higher education). There are some minor differences in our paths—I’m about a decade older, and a different sex; Tori starred on Beverly Hills 90210, produced by her father, while I’ve never even shot a pilot—but somehow the dynastic analogy worked for me, with its implications of tacky nepotism. Like me, Tori was probably a bit defensive about her unearned name recognition, although neither of us could really deny that our family name gave us a bit of oomph in the industry. Although neither apple fell far from its tree, both of us eventually tried to put our own generational twists on our careers: she by spoofing her own public image on VH1’s ‘‘So NoTORIus’’ and by starring in a reality show with her second husband, I by publishing books about celebrity culture, tabloid talk shows, and a gay, drag-loving disco star. Ms. Spelling and I were also both apparently influenced by our parents’ professional training—she learned to turn her own life into a TV show, and I learned to ‘‘sociologize everything.’’ It’s this last experience that my father, prodded by the only nonsociologist in my immediate family, my sister Jenny, questions. He is clearly unrepentant in his belief in
Models of population dynamics (abstract only)

This project explains the mathematical equations used to approximate species populations. The equations used are the exponential growth rate, logistic growth rate, and the predator-prey systems. The purpose is to show how the equations are taken from simple mathematical principles and assumptions. Basic techniques in Calculus and Linear Algebra are used to analyze the quantitative properties of solutions to the differential equation models.
The stability of cognitive and behavioral parameters in autism : a twelve-year prospective study

Abstract Sixty-two autistic patients enrolled in a prospective study an average of 12 years ago. Current retesting results are now available on 53 of the original 62 patients (85.5%). Results indicate that 36 (67.9%) achieved scores within their original IQ group. Twelve (22.6%) moved up IQ groups and five (9.4%) moved down. Of particular clinical importance is the observation that Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scores were consistently lower than cognitive scores, and maladaptive behaviors occurred with cqual frequency in the high, medium, and low IQ groups. The implications of this new data for understanding the natural history of autism, educational and vocational planning, and future research are discussed.
One-Sided Crises in World Politics: A Study of Oxymoron, Violence and Outcomes

This paper focuses on crises and seeks to extend understanding of escalation processes, outcomes, and legacy. We go beyond Hewitt and Wilkenfeld's (1999) initial study of one-sided crises, which emphasized crisis type as an explanation for violence levels, in three ways: We (1) pursue an explanation for why some crises remain one-sided; (2) include two additional crisis attributes, protractedness of conflict and ethnicity, which are expected to impact upon the role of violence; and (3) link outcomes and subsequent tension levels for adversaries with crisis type (i.e., one-sided versus others) to expand the potential explanatory range of one-sidedness. To achieve these goals, the paper unfolds in four parts. First, the study is placed in the context of ongoing research on crises in world politics, most notably as carried out by the International Crisis Behavior (ICB) Project. The second part presents a theoretical overview of the factors that might distinguish crisis type, along with those deemed important...
Patterns of offending in urban and rural areas

Abstract Although the level of crime varies dramatically across the urban-rural dimension, little research has been directed at the issue of the patterns of offending across this dimension. Using National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data, this paper examines to what extent the patterns of offending by particular age, race, and sex subgroups are similar in urban and rural areas. It was found that the patterns of age, race, and sex offending are essentially the same in both urban and rural areas. Particularly impressive is the consistency in the rankings (from high to low) of the propensity of offending in urban and rural areas when age, race, and sex were examined simultaneously. Also, these NCS data generally parallel Uniform Crime Reports arrest data with respect to the offender characteristics of age, race, and sex. This suggests that existing criminological theories can be applied to rural, as well as urban, crime patterns regarding the issue of offender characteristics.
Continuous immobilization of the lungs by residence in the equalizing pressure chamber in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

The results of 11 previously treated cases of bilateral advanced or moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis have been reviewed and a case history of a patient recently treated has been presented. Of the 12 cases, 6 obtained a clinical recovery, including the recent case with a short follow-up period of observation. In one patient three courses of approximately three and one-half to four months each were given, in three other cases, 2 courses of treatment were given and in the remaining 8 cases a single course of therapy was employed. The provision of local lung rest by residence in the immobilizing pressure chamber promotes the process of healing and closure of cavity in some cases of advanced and moderately advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. This favorable response has been observed in cases for whom no other form of treatment was possible or who had been exposed to other types of tuberculosis therapy without benefit. In comparable groups of cases under the same medical management and in the same hospital, treated either with residence in an oxygen chamber or in a filtered air room, no such therapeutic benefit was observed.
Na+-K+ discrimination by “pure” phospholipid membranes

Phospholipid vesicles composed of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol exhibit considerable discrimination between univalent cations. Under optimal conditions such membranes show a K+/Na+ diffusion rate ratio of approx. 10. Other phospholipids tested under the same conditions do not exhibit any appreciable discrimination. The influence of pH, cholesterol, Ca2+ and proteins was found to be significant in determining the degree of discrimination.
Algorithm animation over the World Wide Web

In this paper we propose a new model, called Mocha, for providing algorithm animation over the World Wide Web. Mocha is a distributed model with a client-server architecture that optimally partitions the software components of a typical algorithm animation system, and leverages the power of the Java language, an emerging standard for distributing interactive platform-independent applications across the Web.Mocha provides high levels of security, protects the algorithm code, places a light communication load on the Internet, and allows users with limited computing resources to access animations of computationally expensive algorithms. The user interface combines fast responsiveness and user friendliness with the powerful authoring capabilities of hypertext narratives.We describe the architecture of Mocha and show its advantages over previous methods for algorithm animation over the Internet. We also present a prototype of an animation system for geometric algorithms that can be accessed by any user with a WWW browser supporting Java (currently Netscape 2.0 and HotJava) at URL http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/jib/Mocha.html.
Multidimensional GC/MS analysis of pyrolytic oils

Abstract In this work, the multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) technique was used to analyze pyrolytic products generated from primary and secondary pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin and sewage sludge samples. These three materials were selected because pyrolysis of these three materials produces compounds with very different polarity, thus making them ideal for MDGC application. The results of this study show that more than 70% of total chromatogram peaks could be identified with MDGC but only 47%, in the best case, with conventional GC. The increase in the number of identified products is due to increased separations. This increased understanding of pyrolytic product distribution can be used to enhance our understanding of the formation mechanisms of important pyrolytic products like PAHs. This study shows that the MDGC technique can be easily implemented in most pyrolysis laboratories. Also, it was shown that easily available software such as Microsoft ® Excel and Visual Basic can be used to effectively handle vast amounts of MDGC data. The data treatment methods discussed in this paper were successful in dividing MDGC data into manageable groups which were then used to obtain insights into the pyrolytic processes.
Conservation technology adoption decisions and the theory of planned behavior

Abstract This study of water saving technology adoption and technology investment behavior for Florida strawberry farmers represents an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. It is compared with the Theory of Reasoned Action, and the Theory of Derived Demand. The focus is on perceived control in the decisions, first, to become an adopter of conservation technology, and, second, to invest more capital in the technology. The results lend credence to the Planned Behavior Theory but also support Derived Demand Theory, in that actual financial capability (actual control) is found important. To predict technology adoption we may need to account for both perceived and actual control. Unfettered government control of farmer technology decisions could be counterproductive, suggesting technology policy may need to include a mix of moral suasion and incentives with more modest controls.
Comparison of the effects of injection of pyrogenic solutions by intravenous and intramuscular routes

Rabbits were injected either intravenously or intramuscularly with a pyrogenic solution prepared from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and their rectal temperatures were observed at hourly intervals for three and five hours, respectively. The rise in temperature following intramuscular injection was more gradual than that following intravenous injection and for a given dosage was considerably lower. Within narrow limits a linear relationship appears to exist between log dose of pyrogen and the maximum rise in temperature observed during the experimental period.
Possible scanning scenarios of the GOES-R HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite)

With increased spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution, the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R Series will contribute to a significant improvement in the GOES products, including an increase in the number of products over the current GOES Imager and Sounder, especially when combined with the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The planned capabilities of the HES are encompassed by tasks, which describe required performance for operating at required scan rates. The scheduling of the HES will be determined by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). A range of possible scan scenarios for optimizing the collection of data for users with a variety of geographic or phenomenological concerns will be discussed here. One such schedule from the sounding capability of the HES would be a full "sounding disk" at 10 km (sub-satellite point resolution) covered every three hours, as well as the contiguous U.S. every hour at 4 km resolution, plus selected other regions of interest. The HES Coastal Waters (CW) will provide coverage of the coastal areas every three hours, in addition to other regions such as the Great Lakes, or other features of interest.
On Kron's diakoptics

Abstract Diakoptics is a well-known method of tearing electric networks into computationally smaller subsystems. This paper exposes two often-overlooked, important properties related to diakoptics. One is that branches are not required to tear networks; the other is that the order of the boundary network is strongly dependent on the power system formulation variable—a choice commonly made too prematurely during software development. It is concluded that, first, tearing zero-immittance branches (meshes and nodes) offers more disconnection points than branch tearing; second, that tearing meshes can result in less boundary variables than tearing nodes, and, hence, reduce the computation effort of solving the boundary network.
QUANTIFICATION OF THE TIP MOVEMENT OF LITHOTRIPSY FLEXIBLE PNEUMATIC PROBES

Purpose: We developed an optical system to quantify in vitro tip movement of the Lithoclast ‡ ‡Microvasive Urology, Natick, Massachusetts. flexible probe, and correlated various physical parameters of the vibrating probe tip with resultant stone fragmentation.Materials and Methods: A noncontact optical measurement system was developed to quantify in vitro tip movement of the Lithoclast flexible probe. This system and an in vitro fragmentation model were used to determine the tip displacement, velocity, impact momentum, impact energy and stone fragmentation of the flexible probe at 5 deflection angles between 0 and 48 degrees, and the 2 pneumatic pressure levels of 2.0 and 2.5 bar.Results: An increase in maximum probe tip displacement, velocity, impact momentum and energy, and stone fragmentation was seen as the pneumatic pressure was increased from 2.0 to 2.5 bar. A progressive decrease in these parameters was demonstrated as the probe tip was deflected, especially at deflection angles greater than 24 deg...
Contra Judaeos in Seventeenth-Century Italy: Two Responses to the Discorso of Simone Luzzatto by Melchiore Palontrotti and Giulio Morosini

In 1638 a book entitled Discorso circa il stato de gl'hebrei et in particolar dimoranti nell'inclita citta di Venetia (A Discourse on the State of the Jews, Particularly Those Dwelling in the Illustrious City of Venice), written by the prominent Venetian Rabbi, Simone Luzzatto, was published. This Italian work, 184 quarto size pages in length, was addressed to the Venetian patriciate which constituted the governing body of the city. On the basis of information contained in a seventeenth-century Hebrew chronicle first published in 1949, it appears that it had been written in order to avert an expulsion which threatened the Jews of Venice in 1636–37.
A Control Systems Laboratory for Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Education

This article describes seven laboratory experiments that have been developed for the automatic controls course at Valparaiso University. It also presents the results of a self-assessment survey taken by the students after they had done these laboratory experiments. Automatic controls recently became a required course for all undergraduate mechanical engineering students. When taught as an elective, it was noticed that many students tended to struggle with this class. Most students perceive this class to be a collection of different mathematical tools without any application or use in their future careers. To alleviate this situation and assist students in visualizing control systems in practical situations, a half-credit elective control laboratory, which consists of five experiments and two laboratory projects, has been developed. These experiments will help students to understand the application of this topic and to learn to develop appropriate mathematical models and control routines in closed-loop sys...
Evaluation of metallic osseous implants with nuclear medicine.

Nuclear medicine has proven to have a valuable role in the evaluation of osseous metallic implants, particularly with joint prostheses, but can assist with evaluation of other appliances as well. The nuclear arthrogram has become an invaluable adjunct to simultaneously performed radiographic contrast arthrography. This application has been best evaluated in what is one of the most common of orthopedic prosthesis problems, namely, loosening of total hip prostheses. Experience indicates that both sensitivity and specificity of loosening of the femoral component can be increased to over 90% through combined use of nuclear with radiographic contrast arthrography. Furthermore the combination of routine skeletal scintimaging with the nuclear arthrogram adds a significant dimension to precise localizing of the nuclear arthrographics agent In-111 chloride. Nuclear medicine also plays an important role in further evaluating the presence of infection associated with metallic implants with In-111 WBC preparations being superior to Ga-67 as the radio-pharmaceutical tracer. Infection has been detected with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 93% in our series using combined In-111 WBC and simultaneous skeletal imaging with conventional Tc-99m MDP. Acute infections are more readily identifiable than chronic in association with prostheses.
Advanced liner-cooling techniques for gas turbine combustors

Component research for advanced small gas turbine engines is currently underway at the NASA Lewis Research Center. As part of this program, a basic reverse-flow combustor geometry was being maintained while different advanced liner wall cooling techniques were investigated. Performance and liner cooling effectiveness of the experimental combustor configuration featuring counter-flow film-cooled panels is presented and compared with two previously reported combustors featuring: splash film-cooled liner walls; and transpiration cooled liner walls (Lamilloy).
Comparison of vector competence of Aedes mediovittatus and Aedes aegypti for dengue virus: implications for dengue control in the Caribbean.

Background Aedes mediovittatus mosquitoes are found throughout the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and often share the same larval habitats with Ae. Aegypti, the primary vector for dengue virus (DENV). Implementation of vector control measures to control dengue that specifically target Ae. Aegypti may not control DENV transmission in Puerto Rico (PR). Even if Ae. Aegypti is eliminated or DENV refractory mosquitoes are released, DENV transmission may not cease when other competent mosquito species like Ae. Mediovittatus are present. To compare vector competence of Ae. Mediovittatus and Ae. Aegypti mosquitoes, we studied relative infection and transmission rates for all four DENV serotypes.
Eight prion strains have PrP Sc molecules with different conformations

Variations in prions, which cause different incubation times and deposition patterns of the prion protein isoform called PrP Sc , are often referred to as 'strains'. We report here a highly sensitive, conformation-dependent immunoassay that discriminates PrP Sc molecules among eight different prion strains propagated in Syrian hamsters. This immunoassay quantifies PrP isoforms by simultaneously following antibody binding to the denatured and native forms of a protein. In a plot of the ratio of antibody binding to denatured/native PrP graphed as a function of the concentration of PrP Sc , each strain occupies a unique position, indicative of a particular PrP Sc conformation. This conclusion is supported by a unique pattern of equilibrium unfolding of PrP Sc found with each strain. Our findings indicate that each of the eight prion strains has a PrP Sc molecule with a unique conformation and, in accordance with earlier results, indicate the biological properties of prion strains are 'enciphered' in the conformation of PrP Sc and that the variation in incubation times is related to the relative protease sensitivity of PrP Sc in each strain.
Unimolecular decomposition of large organic radicals with low reaction thresholds: Decomposition and reversible isomerization of n-pentyl radicals

The decomposition kinetics of n-pentyl radicals in the high temperature regime where steady state distributions are not achieved and reversible isomerization to decomposing 2-pentyl radicals is of importance has been analyzed through the solution of the time-dependent master equation. The reactions are characterized by low activation thresholds and lead to large rate constants that vary with time. Particular attention is paid to branching ratios for direct decomposition of the n-pentyl radical and the decomposition that follows reversible isomerization to the 2-pentyl species. The behavior of the system under a variety of conditions is described and the use of branching ratios as a possible means of characterizing the reactions in a manner that is compatible with present methods for employing kinetic data for simulating complex chemical phenomenon is considered. At higher temperatures, rate constants and branching ratios collapse to limiting values. The combination of limiting and the onset of steady state behavior complicates the situation at lower temperatures. The overall behavior of such systems is highly dependent on the magnitude of the barrier to isomerization. The extent of departures from the high pressure-branching ratios are defined.
Weekly administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) without hydration or osmotic diuresis.

Abstract In order to develop a regimen of cis -diamminedichloroplatinum ( II ) (DDP) suitable for outpatient use, we treated 15 patients with a once weekly dosage schedule of 40 mg / m 2 / week without prehydration or the induction of an osmotic diuresis. Dose-limiting nephrotoxicity was seen in about 50% of the treated patients; myelosuppression was also achieved in a significant number and nausea and vomiting were severe enough to be considered dose limiting in 4. Objective antitumor responses were seen in 613 patients with known or suspected head and neck cancer. We conclude that the present regimen probably produces more renal damage than a comparable dose and schedule given with an osmotic diuresis (2) and significantly more subjective distress than intermittent high-dose DDP.
High Performance 3-D Helical RF Transformers

We have designed, fabricated, and tested 3-dimensional helical RF transformers on high-resistivity Si substrate using stressed metal technology. The technology for these transformers is based on one step Cr/Au metal deposition and electroplating. These transformers exhibit high coupling coefficient and high power efficiency over an extended frequency range. A 4:4 turn ratio transformer in this work achieves a coupling coefficient k of 0.84 at 5 GHz, with k over 0.7 for frequencies from 1.6 to 6.6 GHz and with Pout/Pin over 75% up to 20 GHz.
504 cases of non-GSV EVLA: long term outcomes and comparison with GSV EVLA

Purpose To determine the effectiveness of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for non-great saphenous veins, and to compare to GSV EVLA outcomes. Materials and Methods IRB and HIPAA compliance were obtained. A retrospective review of electronic medical records of all patients with EVLA performed from July 2003 to March 2012, at a high volume outpatient interventional radiology office practice was performed. Data collected included age, sex, vein treated, and parameters of treatment - i.e. watts, length of vein treated, energy density (J/cm) and tumescent anesthesia volume. Follow-up ultrasound exam(s) and occlusion rates were obtained. Non- GSV veins were defined as small saphenous vein (SSV), accessory lateral tributary (ALT), and other (intersaphenous veins, perforators, non-named veins). Primary endpoint was primary occlusion rate (PO) of non-GSV ablations. PO was defined as US non-compressibility and lack of color Doppler flow in the vein segment treated with EVLA. Secondary endpoint was comparison of PO rates of non GSV veins segments with contemporaneously treated GSV. Fisher's exact and Pearson chi2 tests were performed. Results There were 504 non-GSV treated. The distribution of vein segments was 259 (51.4%) SSV, 141 (28.0%) ALT, and 104 (20.6%) other. The average US follow-up duration was 299.9 days (range 6 - 1863). The overall non GSV PO was 97.2% (490/504). PO for SSV, ALT, and other were 96.5% (250/259), 96.5% (136/141), and 100% (104/104) respectively. During the same time interval, 1301 GSV were treated with PO of 96.5% (1255/1301) with average US follow-up of 298.2 days (range 5 - 1983). The overall average age was 51.3 years (range 21-86) with sex distribution of 1458 (80.8%) women and 347 (19.2%) men. There was no statistically significant difference between non GSV and GSV in primary occlusion rates (p=0.42). There was also no statistically significant difference among SSV, ALT, other, and GSV in primary occlusion rates (p=0.207). Conclusion Non GSV (SSV, ALT, and other) EVLA has a high primary occlusion rate at long -term follow-up, with no difference compared to GSV EVLA. Results strongly support the clinically indicated treatment of non GSV with EVLA.
The Neighborhood Voice Evaluating a Mobile Research Vehicle for Recruiting African Americans to Participate in Cancer Control Studies

The Neighborhood Voice is a vehicle customized for conducting health research in community settings. It brings research studies into neighborhoods affected most by health disparities and reaches groups often underrepresented in research samples. This paper reports on the experience and satisfaction of 599 African American women who participated in research on board the Neighborhood Voice. Using bivariate, psychometric, and logistic regression analyses, we examined responses to a brief post-research survey. Most women (71%) reported that they had never previously participated in research, and two-thirds (68%) rated their Neighborhood Voice experience as excellent. Satisfaction scores were highest among first-time research participants (p < .05). Women’s ratings of the Neighborhood Voice on Comfort (OR = 4.9; 95% CI = 3.0, 7.9) and Convenience (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.9) significantly predicted having an excellent experience. Mobile research facilities may increase participation among disadvantaged and mi...
'Brain damage' as a predisposing factor in bacterial meningitis.

SUMMARY The hospital records of 92 children with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis were reviewed for evidence of pre-existing non-progressive neurological disease such as mental retardation. Only one such case was found. A non-progressive cerebral defect not involving communication with the external environment is not a predisposing factor to bacterial meningitis. RESUME On a examine les dossiers d'hospitalisation de 92 enfants avec diagnostic de meningite bacterienne pour y rechercher la possibilite d'une maladie neurologique non progressive, preexistante, debilite mentale par exemple. Un seul cas a ete trouve. Une lesion cerebrale non-progressive n'entrainant pas une communication avec le milieu exterieur n'est pas un facteur predisposant a une meningite bacterienne. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Krankenberichte von 92 Kindern mit bakterieller Meningitis wurden untersucht um festzustellen, ob Hinweise fur eine schon vorher bestehende nicht-progrediente neurologische Krankheit wie geistige Retardierung vorlagen. Nur ein solcher Fall wurde festgestellt. Ein nicht progredienter cerebraler Defekt, bei dem keine Kommunikation der Liquorraume mit der Umwelt besteht, ist kein pradisponierender Faktor fur eine bakterielle Meningitis. RESUMEN Se estudiaron los registros de hospital de 92 ninos diagnosticados como afectos de menigitis bacteriana, en busca de evidencia de enfermedad neurologica no-progresiva preexistente, tal atraso mental. No se hallo mas que un caso. Un defecto cerebral no-progresivo que no afecta comunicacion con el mundo externo no es un factor que predispone a la meningitis bacteriana.
Agricultural occupational health and safety: farming families presenting a challenge to wellness

: Occupational health and safety has become the right of all workers. This right was recognised formally in New South Wales and other Australian States by the introduction of legislation in the form of the Occupational Health and Safety Act. Farm (agricultural) occupational health and safety differs from other workplace issues, in that the farm is also the home. Thus occupational exposure affects not only the farmer, but the family living on the farm. This article examines the current state of agricultural occupational health and safety (farm safety) in Australia. Farm hazards such as agricultural chemicals, dusts and zoonoses are discussed in an attempt to examine whether farmers are aware of these health hazards, and whether the introduction of workplace legislation has had the same effect on the health, safety and welfare of farmers.
HIV-positive women and minority patients' satisfaction with inpatient hospital care.

Although patient satisfaction has been examined in relation to HIV services for ambulatory and managed care, less is known about perceptions of hospital care, particularly for HIV-positive women and minorities. The purpose of this study was to examine HIV-positive women and minority patients' satisfaction with hospital care. The study was part of a larger funded study that explored potential health care disparities for HIV-positive women and minority persons in the era of HIV combination drug therapy. A convenience sample of 50 HIV-positive persons was recruited from four medical centers/hospitals in a South Florida community. The multi-ethnic sample included 31 women and 19 men. The survey tool used was Cleary's HIV-Infected Patient's In-Hospital Questionnaire. Findings revealed that participants were generally satisfied with their hospital care. Physicians, nurses, and the hospital environment received satisfactory ratings. However, several problem areas were identified, including pain management and ed...
Effects of thyroidectomy on the Ah receptor and enzyme inducibility by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat liver.

Thyroidectomy of rats confers some protection, by an unknown mechanism, from the weight loss, immunotoxicity, and mortality induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Since at least some of the many effects of TCDD appear to be mediated by the Ah receptor, perhaps the thyroid plays a role in regulation of this receptor, thereby modifying the toxicity of TCDD. We tested this hypothesis by comparing TCDD-binding characteristics of the receptor and hepatic enzyme inducibility by TCDD (a receptor-mediated response) in thyroidectomized (ThX) and euthyroid rats. There were no significant differences in levels of TCDD binding in vitro in hepatic cytosol, in receptor affinity, nor in the molecular size of the TCDD-bound receptor in untreated ThX rats compared to controls fed ad libitum or pair-fed. Total hepatic cytochrome P-450 (P-450) levels and NADPH-menadione oxidoreductase (NMOR) activity were unaffected by thyroid status, whereas 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activity was approx. 50% lower in ThX animals than in ad libitum or pair-fed controls. At 3 and 10 days after TCDD administration (10 micrograms/kg, i.p.), P-450 concentrations and NMOR and ECOD activities were induced by approximately the same proportions in ThX and pair-fed intact rats; however, the absolute levels of the induced activities were lower in ThX than in pair-fed controls. It was concluded that hypothyroidism does not regulate Ah receptor concentration or function in the liver. Therefore, the modulation of TCDD toxicity by hypothyroidism appears not to involve changes in the hepatic Ah receptor.
The murky middle ground - when ethnographers engage public health.

Abstract This commentary revisits dilemmas of relevance that applied anthropology in the U.S. has long grappled with, no matter the rigor and depth of inquiry. Direct action, collaborative research and active public engagement offer proven alternatives for upping the participatory quotient, but they remain the exception. A third, more common, middle ground may be also discerned, sometimes involving the sort of “dirty work” that seems to lie outside of one's professional remit. Commitment to such work, it turns out, is not simply a matter of character or disciplinary ethics, but of the terms and conditions of anthropological employment. Even without the “second shift” of going public with one's findings, critically positioned research can keep problematic issues that might otherwise slip into the convenient silences of social and economic policy.
The reactions of K2ReX6 (X = Br OR I) and Re3X9 (X = Cl, Br OR I) with alkyl and aryl isocyanides

Abstract The reactions of alkyl isocyanides (RNC) and aryl isocyanides (ArNC) with the rhenium halides K2ReX6 (X = Br or I) and Re3X9 (X = Cl, Br or I) have been investigated. When the K2Rex6 salts are treated with neat isocyanide at room temperature, or with isocyanide ligands in polar solvents under reflux conditions, then the homoleptic isocyanide cations [Re(CNR)6]+ or [Re(CNAr)6]+, are isolated. Under less forcing conditions, various rhenium(III) and rhenium(I) species, e.g. [Re(CNCMe3)5I2]+ and Re(CNAr)5I, which may be considered as intermediates on the way to the formation of the homoleptic species, can be obtained. The rhenium(I) complexes Re(CNAr)5I3, which are believed to contain the coordinated triiodide ligand, have also been isolated and characterized. One route to these complexes is through the reaction of Re(CNAr)5I with I2. Reactions of the trinuclear halides Re3X9 (X = Cl, Br or I) with alkyl isocyanides at room temperature are found, in all instances, to provide adducts of the type Re3X9(CNR)3. Under reflux conditions, Re3Cl9 and Re3Cl9(PEtPh2)3 react with Me3CNC to fom products of cluster disruption, viz. [Re(CNCMe3)6]+ and [Re(CNCMe3)4(PEtPh2)2]+, respectively. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of complexes derived in this study are reported. These results are compared with those reported previously by Freni et al.
Biomechanical model for appressorial design in Magnaporthe grisea

The fungus Magnaporthe grisea, commonly referred to as the rice blast fungus, is responsible for destroying from 10% to 30% of the world's rice crop each year. The fungus attaches to the rice leaf and forms a dome-shaped structure, the appressorium, in which enormous pressures are generated that are used to blast a penetration peg through the rice cell walls and infect the plant. We develop a model of the appressorial design in terms of a bioelastic shell that can explain the shape of the appressorium, and its ability to maintain that shape under the enormous increases in turgor pressure that can occur during the penetration phase.
Public, Ecological and Normative Goods: The Case of Deepwater Horizon

This paper identifies the duty to care for the public interest in the commonly valued ecological goods of the Gulf as one of the basic essential features of the moral significance of the federal policies that govern the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. I argue that the Clean Water Act and the Oil Protection Act implicitly provide for a communitarian interpretation of the public and ecological goods of this event that warrants a virtue ethical account of normativity that is ultimately expressed in the duty to care, a duty that is one of the central moral principles that underlies the punitive damages doctrine.
The visual knowledge builder: a second generation spatial hypertext

The development of spatial hypertext systems was driven by the need to lower users' effort of expression. Users express categories and interrelationships through the visual similarity and co-location of information objects. The ease of changing a visual property or moving an object makes spatial hypertext better suited to tasks where the information continually evolves. But the implicit nature of the structure poses challenges for tasks in which the authors and readers are not the same set of people. The Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB) includes the ease of expression of earlier spatial hypertexts while adding greater support for long-term collaboration and tasks requiring explicit links. VKB includes a history mechanism that records the evolution of the spatial hypertext and local, global, and historical links for explicit navigational connections between chunks of information. The mechanisms added to VKB make spatial hypertext applicable in a much wider variety of tasks. In particular, VKB's global links enable wide-area distributed spatial hypertext using the existing infrastructure of the Internet. Versions of VKB have been in use for two years in tasks including note taking, writing, project management, and conference organization.