cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broadcasting on the Grassmannian: Enhancing the multiplexing gain

It is known that in multiantenna broadcast channels without transmitter-side channel state information (CSIT), time-sharing (orthogonal transmission) achieves the maximum multiplexing gain if perfect receiver-side channel state information (CSIR) is available to all receivers, or if no receiver has CSIR. We show that orthogonal strategies are not optimal in cases where some receivers have more CSIR than others. A superposition signaling is proposed to transmit to two receivers simultaneously on Grassmannians, achieving higher multiplexing gain compared with orthogonal transmissions. The information for the two receivers is conveyed by the row and column spaces of the transmitted matrix, respectively, which is constructed from a product of two matrices that each lie on different Grassmannians. This multiplicative superposition allows the two receivers to be interference-free from the other's signals even without CSIT.
Student-Built Gossamer Spacecraft: Why Aren't There More (Yet)?

University-class spacecraft are defined as flight missions where the training of students in spacecraft engineering is as important as the “main” mission – or is the main mission itself. By the end of 2009, one hundred thirty university-class spacecraft will have been placed on rockets, with spacecraft ranging from 200 grams to nearly 200 kg. And, given the very constrained size of university-class missions, and the much higher risk tolerance of universities compared to industry, one would expect that gossamer systems would be an obvious candidate for flight experiments. Thus, it is perhaps a paradox that only 9 of those 130 missions have had gossamer systems – and seven have been on failed spacecraft. In this paper, we will review the history of university-class missions, highlighting the gossamer missions to date. We will use the data culled from these 130 missions to identify the main factor why there have been so few gossamer flights: the bifurcation in launch mass, type of experiment, and on-orbit failure rate between the government-charted “flagship” schools and the self-chartered “independent” schools. The schools most capable of flying successful gossamer experiments are the ones least in need of the benefits of gossamer systems. However, we will identify the changing external and internal trends that may lead to more gossamer flights in the near future.
An asymptotic analysis of complete sharing policy

A model is considered which has several classes of customers arriving in independent Poisson processes at a multiserver facility and requiring a specific number of servers for a random period of time (arbitrarily distributed with a finite mean). If these servers cannot be provided, the customers are cleared. The problem is to determine the blocking probabilities. The exact expression is available but is complicated. The authors apply a novel approximation method of ensemble averaging for the asymptotic analysis of blocking in such systems. The method gives simple expressions for the average performance measures without an explicit computation of the normalization constant of the steady-state probability distribution. The computation of blocking probability and of other performance measures is reduced to computing a root of a simple algebraic equation. The obtained expressions are shown to be asymptotically correct. >
Windows of Opportunity: Temporal Patterns of Technological Adaptation in Organizations

This paper examines the introduction and adaptation of technologies that support productive operations. The authors argue that the process of technological adaptation is not gradual and continuous, as often argued in the innovation literature, but is instead highly discontinuous. Evidence from three manufacturing and service organizations indicates that there exists a relatively brief window of opportunity to explore and modify new process technology following initial implementation. Afterwards, modification of new process technologies by users is limited by the increasing routinization that occurs with experience. Thus, the technology and its context of use tend to congeal, often embedding unresolved problems into organizational practice. Subsequent changes appear to occur in an episodic manner, triggered either by discrepant events or by new discoveries on the part of users. These findings have important implications for theories of technological change.
Connecting Societal Change to Value Differences Across Generations Adolescents, Mothers, and Grandmothers in a Maya Community in Southern Mexico

This study tests the hypothesis that societal change from subsistence agriculture to a market economy with higher levels of formal schooling leads to an increase in individualistic values that guide human development. Values relating to adolescent development and the transition to adulthood were compared across three generations of women in 18 families in the Maya community of Zinacantan in southern Mexico. Grandmothers grew up in Zinacantan when it was a farming community; mothers grew up during the introduction of commerce in the late 1970s and 1980s; daughters are now experiencing adolescence with an opportunity to attend high school in their community. Comparisons were also conducted between 40 female and male adolescents in high school and a matched sample of 40 adolescents who discontinued school after elementary. Values were measured using eight ethnographically derived social dilemmas about adolescent relationships with parents and peers, work and family gender roles, and sexuality and partnering. One character in the dilemmas advocates for interdependent values; a second character advocates for independent values. High school adolescents were more likely to endorse characters articulating independent values than non–high school adolescents, mothers, and grandmothers. Involvement in a market economy was also associated with higher levels of independent value endorsement in the mother and grandmother generations. Results suggest that the introduction of commerce drove value changes between grandmother and mother generations, and now schooling drives change. Qualitative examples of participants’ responses also illustrate how families negotiate shifting values.
Application of an Optically Induced Electrokinetic Manipulation Technique on Live Bacteria

In this paper, we apply a recently demonstrated rapid electrokinetic patterning (REP) technique to Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and confirm the application possibility of the technique on bio-materials. This technique utilizes a simple microfluidic chip with two indium tin oxide (ITO) coated parallel electrodes and requires the simultaneous application of AC electric field and the hologram provided from an infrared (1064 nm) laser, in order to control and aggregate particles onto electrodes. For the experimentation in this paper, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 are cultured by green fluorescent protein (GFP) on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plate and through sample pretreatment process, mid-log phase samples of the bacteria finally are obtained. As a result of applying REP technique to this bacteria sample, we could collect a lot of the bacteria onto ITO electrode surfaces rapidly and the bacteria cluster could be translated with the movement of laser focus position under uniform electric field. Also it was confirmed that there exists a particular frequency range, i.e. critical frequency for REP based bacteria cluster. We could find that under the application of REP technique, the ellipsoidal bacteria are reoriented with respect to electric field lines as electrical frequency increases up. Also the change in the vertical distance between the bacteria and the electrode surface with electrical voltages could be observed. These results show that the REP technique can be used to separate, sort and manipulate bioparticles like bacteria.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Transforming NATO: The role of European forces

(1997). Transforming NATO: The role of European forces. Survival: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 5-15.
Chronic treatment with tin normalizes blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We have reported that short-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with stannous chloride (SnCl2), which selectively depletes renal cytochrome P450, restores blood pressure to normal in young but not in adult SHR, and is without effect on blood pressure of either young or adult WKY rats. We report in the present study that chronic treatment with SnCl2, begun at age 5 weeks, prevented the development of hypertension in SHR over a period of 15 weeks at which time they were killed. Suspension of SnCl2 treatment after 8 weeks (i.e., at age 13 weeks) did not result in return of blood pressure to hypertensive levels in SHR. Age-matched WKY rats were not affected by tin treatment. These findings provide additional evidence that administration of tin, which stimulates heme oxygenase, thereby producing depletion of cytochrome P450, restores blood pressure to normal levels in SHR.
Media evolution and public understanding of climate science

This paper employs public opinion data from a nationally representative probability sample to examine how information encounters and exposure to different media sources relate to individuals' beliefs about global warming. The analyses indicate that media source exposure (i.e., exposure to news and information about science presented through different media outlets), intentional information exposure (i.e., deliberate exposure to global warming news coverage), and inadvertent information exposure (i.e., unplanned exposure to news and information about science that is encountered online while searching for other forms of information) relate to beliefs about global warming, in significant and meaningful ways. Namely, the findings show that both intentional information exposure and inadvertent online information exposure associate with disbelief in human-made causes, catalysts, and consequences of global warming. Theoretical and social implications of the findings are discussed and contextualized in light of the rapidly evolving media environment.
Paneroa, a new genus of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) from Mexico

The new genus Paneroa E. E. Schilling (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) from the Mixteca Alta region in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, is described and illustrated, and a new combination, P. stachyofolia (B. L. Robinson) E. E. Schilling, is made. The genus is characterized by its alternate, sessile leaves, 4-ribbed phyllaries, short coroniform pappus, and clavate style appendages. Molecular phylogenetic analyses show that the genus is distinct from Ageratum L., in which the species was originally described, and is closely related to other genera including Conoclinium DC. and Fleischmannia Schultz Bipontinus. It occurs in a floristic region that is characterized by numerous endemics.
Necessary Evils and Interpersonal Sensitivity in Organizations

In order to produce a beneficial result, professionals must sometimes cause harm to another human being. To capture this phenomenon, we introduce the construct of “necessary evils” and explore the inherent challenges such tasks pose for those who must perform them. Whereas previous research has established the importance of treating victims of necessary evils with interpersonal sensitivity, we focus on the challenges performers face when attempting to achieve this prescribed standard in practice.
Regulation of RelB expression during the initiation of dendritic cell differentiation

The transcription factor RelB is required for proper development and function of dendritic cells (DCs), and its expression is upregulated early during differentiation from a variety of progenitors. We explored this mechanism of upregulation in the KG1 cell line model of a DC progenitor and in the differentiation-resistant KG1a subline. RelB expression is relatively higher in untreated KG1a cells but is upregulated only during differentiation of KG1 by an early enhancement of transcriptional elongation, followed by an increase in transcription initiation. Restoration of protein kinase CβII (PKCβII) expression in KG1a cells allows them to differentiate into DCs. We show that PKCβII also downregulated constitutive expression of NF-κB in KG1a-transfected cells and restores the upregulation of RelB during differentiation by increased transcriptional initiation and elongation. The two mechanisms are independent and sensitive to PKC signaling levels. Conversely, RelB upregulation was inhibited in primary human monocytes where PKCβII expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA targeting. Altogether, the data show that RelB expression during DC differentiation is controlled by PKCβII-mediated regulation of transcriptional initiation and elongation.
Hydrodynamically generated amperometric difference currents using parallel flow streams

An alternative approach to hydrodynamic modulation in flow streams has been designed which is not influenced by the rate of relaxation of the diffusion layer. Reticulated vitreous carbon flow through working electrodes was used in gravity-driven dual-flow lines. Two working electrodes were used, one in each of two independent flow lines. Each flow line contained a complete electrochemical cell, and the working electrode of each cell was maintained at the same potential. The flow rates were different in each flow line, but the solution of analyte was the same. The difference current between the two working electrodes was measured using operational amplifier circuitry. Criteria for the selection of flow rates are presented. The dual-flow stream has the advantages of real-time background correction and automatic offset of solid electrode surface or history effects. Hydroquinone was used as a test system, and detection limits were in the subnanomolar region.
Developing control and integration software for flexible manufacturing systems

The slow growth of computer-integrated manufacturing is attributed to the complexity of designing and implementing their control and integration software. This article expands on a methodology for designing and implementing this software that was introduced in (16). The goal of this methodology is to build flexible and reusable control and integration software for computer-integrated manufacturing systems. It hinges upon the concepts of software/hardware components, their assemblages, a distributed common language environment, for- mad models, and generic controllers. Major sources of flexibility are obtained by decoupling process plan models from the model of the factory floor and by using a generic controller. Reusability is achieved by building self- contained software/hardware components with general, possibly parametrized, interfaces. The interplay between simulated and actual hardware internals of software/hardware components is used as the basis of a testing strategy that performs off-line simulation followed by on-line testing. The methodology has been applied in designing and implementing the control and integration software of an actual Prismatic Machining Cell. The article also reports on the details of this implementation.
Balance of Th1/Th2 Cytokines in Thyroid Autoantibody Synthesis in vitro

Thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes spontaneously synthesize IgG class thyroid autoantibodies while blood lymphocytes require activation to produce the same autoantibodies. Surprisingly, the stimulus commonly used to induce autoantibodies by blood lymphocytes, Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), inhibits autoantibody synthesis by thyroid lymphocytes. To address this dichotomy, we investigated the Th1: Th2 cytokine balance in relation to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibody production in cultures of thyroid, lymph node and blood lymphocytes. The characteristic PWM effect on TPO autoantibody production by thyroid and blood lymphocytes (10 day cultures) was confirmed. Cytokine measurements in these cultures revealed that PWM increased IFN-gamma production by thyroid, lymph node and blood lymphocytes. However, PWM enhanced IL-4 levels in lymphocytes from blood and lymph node but not in thyroid lymphocytes. Moreover, the IL-4: IFN-gamma ratios in short- and long-term cultures were higher for PBMC and lymph node lymphocytes than for thyroid lymphocytes. In summary, PWM shifts the cytokine balance towards Th2 for blood lymphocytes and towards Th1 for thyroid lymphocytes. The shift towards Th1 in the target organ is associated with reduced autoantibody synthesis. Our observations suggest that "immune deviation" towards Th2 as a form of therapy in Graves' disease could project the patient from the frying pan into the fire.
Seed coordinates of a new COMS-like 24 mm plaque verified using the FARO Edge

A 24 mm COMS-like eye plaque was developed to meet the treatment needs of our eye plaque brachytherapy practice. As part of commissioning, it was necessary to determine the new plaque's seed coordinates. The FARO Edge, a commercially available measurement arm, was chosen for this purpose. In order to validate the FARO Edge method, it was first used to measure the seed marker coordinates in the silastic molds for the standard 10, 18, and 20 mm COMS plaques, and the results were compared with the standard published Task Group 129 coordinates by a nonlinear least squares match in MATLAB version R2013a. All measured coordinates were within 0.60 mm, and root mean square deviation was 0.12, 0.23, and 0.35 mm for the 10, 18, and 20 mm molds, respectively. The FARO Edge was then used to measure the seed marker locations in the new 24 mm silastic mold. Those values were compared to the manufacturing specification coordinates and were found to demonstrate good agreement, with a maximum deviation of 0.56mm and a root mean square deviation of 0.37 mm. The FARO Edge is deemed to be a reliable method for determining seed coordinates for COMS silastics, and the seed coordinates for the new 24 mm plaque are presented.
Monitoring Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple with Blends of Ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-Decadienoate and Codlemone

Studies evaluated blends of the pear-derived kairomone ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone, loaded in gray halobutyl septa, as attractants for adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. Studies were conducted in apple orchards, Malus domestica Borkhausen, treated with or without sex pheromone dispensers for mating disruption (MD). Septa were loaded with either one or both compounds at rates of 0.0, 0.3, and 3.0 mg pear ester and 0.0 and 3.0 mg codlemone in the first series of tests. Traps baited with a 3.0/3.0-mg blend caught significantly more males and total number of codling moths than traps baited with either compound alone in both types of orchards. Traps baited with two lures loaded individually with pear ester (3.0 mg) and codlemone (3.0 mg) caught significantly fewer males and total moths than traps baited with the dual lure (3.0/3.0 mg). The addition of 3.0 mg codlemone to pear ester did not significantly affect the capture of female moths. However, increasing the loading of pear ester from 0.3 to 3.0 mg in the dual lure significantly increased female moth catch in the untreated orchard but not in the sex pheromone MD orchard. Increasing the loading of pear ester to 20.0 mg in a dual lure with 3.0 mg codlemone significantly increased total codling moth catch compared with a 3.0 mg codlemone lure, but female catch was significantly lower compared with traps baited with a 3.0 mg pear ester lure. Adding a 3.0 mg pear ester lure to traps baited with a 42.0 mg sex pheromone lure significantly reduced male moth catch compared with the sex pheromone lure alone but did not reduce the catch of female moths compared with traps baited with a 3.0 mg pear ester lure alone.
Optical Rotatory Dispersion, Circular Dichroism, and the Pfeiffer Effect in Coordination Compounds

During the past decade there has been a considerable resurgence of interest in the optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism of coordination compounds.1 In addition, there also has been a considerable renewal of interest in the Pfeiffer effect during this same period of time.2-8 This coincidental renewal of interest in these fields is most fortunate, because it is possible to apply optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism techniques to the study of the Pfeiffer effect with fruitful results (vide infra).
Methylaminotrophic Bacteria in Xenic Nanoalgal Cultures: Incidence, Significance, and Role of Methylated Algal Osmoprotectants

AbstractBacteria that oxidize methylated amines are ubiquitous in the sea. The likely source of these C1 substrates is the quaternary ammonium osmoprotectant, glycine betaine, which degrades to release trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA), and monomethylamine (MMA). Each of these compounds are successively oxidized to yield formaldehyde, formate, and CO2. The release of methylamines from nanoalgae was determined indirectly by the presence of MMA-oxidizing bacteria in cultures of oceanic algae. Of 19 xenic and axenic pairs of unidentified nanoalgal clones, 6 xenic clones (31.6%) as well as one of the “axenic” counterparts contained methylaminotrophs. A larger survey of 70 algal clones from seven algal classes, revealed 43% as positive, while a group of 78 unidentified clones had a similar methylaminotroph incidence of 41%. When 147 of the clones tested were grouped according to their area of isolation, those from presumably less stratified waters had a relatively low incidence of MMA-oxidizing bacteri...
Cardiac retroperfusion with induced asystole for open surgery upon the aortic valve or coronary arteries.

Conclusions1. Only one of 10 dogs submitted to 15 to 30 minutes of potassium citrate produced asystole was a long-term survival (90% mortality). 2. Ten dogs were submitted to 30 minutes of retroperfusion of the coronary sinus, and 4 died from cardiac causes, a 40% mortality. 3. Ten additional dogs were subjected to combination of 30 minutes retroperfusion and potassium citrate provoked asystole. Two of the 10 died from cardiac complications, mortality 20%. 4. Certain aspects of cardiac metabolism in the retroperfused heart with and without potassium citrate induced asystole have been studied in 10 dogs. There appears to be an additionally reduced degree of metabolism under these latter circumstances.
Bell's inequality forC *-algebras

Bell's inequality dealing with ‘local hidden variables’ is given two formulations in terms ofC*-algebras. In particular, Bell's inequality holds for all states onA⊗B wheneverA andB are unitalC*-algebras at least one of which is Abelian, i.e., at least one corresponds to a classical physical system.
Recombinant Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF): its Potential as an Adjuvant for Developing Vaccines

Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was the first lymphokine to be discovered (Bloom and Bennett 1966, David 1966). The factor was identified by its ability to prevent the migration of guinea pig macrophages out of capillary tubes in vitro. We showed that the production of MIF correlated with delayed hypersensitivity and cellular immunity in humans and animal models (Rocklin et al. 1970, David and David 1977). MIF also altered macrophage physiology (Nathan et al. 1971) and increased macrophage functions such as killing microorganisms and tumor cells (Fowles et al. 1973, Piessens et al. 1975). However, a purified or cloned lymphokine was required to demonstrate that these altered functions of macrophages were induced by MIF and not by other factors. Using functional expression cloning in COS cells, a cDNA, p7-l, encoding for a human MIF was isolated. (Weiser et al. 1989).
Development of a Mobile Robot for Substation Equipment Inspection

A kind of substation equipment mobile inspection system based on mobile robot is introduced to help operators find equipment abnormity such as surface and overheat defectiveness by remote or autonomous control. The overall structure of mobile robot system and the substation equipment inspection system on the robot platform are described. The implementation of primary equipment visible and infrared image inspection, meters auto-examination and mobile object detection by using sensors such as visible and infrared light CCD camera, high performance directional mic is given. The industrial operation of the system shows that the combination of the non-contact mobile inspection mode of the robot system with the contact mode of the substation automatic system can form a kind of full monitor system for the substation to greatly improve the safety and reliability of the substation operation.
“A Continual and Gratuitous Provocation”: The North-West Frontier and the Crisis of Empire, 1919–1923

In the wake of the First World War, the British Empire stood at its greatest territorial extent. The Empire emerged from its four-year struggle with the central powers not only intact but enlarged. In Africa, the seizure of German East Africa completed Cecil Rhodes’ dream of a continent painted red from Cairo to Cape Town. In the Middle East, Lord Cromer’s “veiled protectorate” over Egypt was superseded by outright rule. Jerusalem and Baghdad, along with Nineveh and Tyre, lay at the victors’ feet. In the far-off Pacific, New Zealand’s occupation of German Samoa meant that, quite literally, the sun never set on the British Empire. Unfortunately for the British, this territorial sweep failed to translate into actual strength, and was in fact indicative of imperial overreach and weakness. As John Gallagher noted, once the Empire reached this extent, “the sun never set upon its problems.”1 In the aftermath of the First World War, Britain was financially weakened, pressed for manpower it could not spare, and confronted by an international order transformed by Bolshevism and Woodrow Wilson’s vision of “ self-determination.”2 This weakened imperial structure was further shaken by nationalist revolts in Ireland, Egypt, India, and Iraq between 1919 and 1922.
Effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats with acute hepatic injury

Objective To explore the role of glutamine in LPS and D-Gal induced acute hepatic injury. Methods A total of 61 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, model group and GLN pretreated group.The animal model was established by LPS and D-Gal intraperitoneal injection. GLN at dose of 1 g/kg was intragastrically administrated for 7 d before intraperitoneal injection. To evaluate the hepatic injury, the serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and total bilimbin(TBiL) were detected by automatic biochemistry analysator. The liver and bowel tissue was observed by lightmicroscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The apoptosis of hepatocyte was detected by TUNEL. HPLC-PED was used in the study of intestinal permeability. Result No significant differences were noted between ALT, AST, TBIL level, death rate and intestinal permeability(L/M) between model group and GLN pretreated group;In microscope, the confused structure of hepatic injury and inflammatory infiltration were similar between model group and GLN pretreated greup.The injury of bowel was not obviously. Compared with the model group, there was better trend in liver and bowel in GLN pretreated group by transmission electron microscope(TEM) .The apoptosis index in GLN pretreated group were lower than those in model group. Conclusion LPS can induce acute liver injury in D-Gal-sensitized rats. Glutamine has't the trend of protecting liver function and intestinal barrier function, decreasing death rates. Key words: Ghtamine; Acute liver injury; Intestinal mocosa
Formats of Parliamentary Debate About the European Union

The empirical study presented in this book investigates parliamentary debates about European integration in four national parliaments: the French Assemblee Nationale, the German Bundestag, the British House of Commons, and the Austrian Nationalrat. This selection of cases includes a considerable degree of variation in the institutional and party political context of parliamentary interactions, resulting in different styles of debate. The task of this chapter is to provide a comparative overview of the different formats of parliamentary debate—understood as an expression for the relative strength and the presence of speakers from the government majority and parliamentary opposition, and the degree of contentiousness of their interaction. By characterizing these context conditions, this chapter establishes the background for the more detailed reviews of five thematic debates that were selected as case studies (to be presented in the next chapter). Its aim is to show that considerable differences can be observed particularly between the relatively closed, top-down communication in the French National Assembly, and the more open, relatively balanced, and polarized exchange between parliamentary speakers in the British House of Commons. As intermediary cases representing a combination of government-led communication and dialogue between parliamentary groups, the German Bundestag and Austrian Nationalrat furthermore demonstrate the importance of party political factors for the influence of both the parliamentary opposition on the thematic agenda and the style of interaction within the debate in the plenary. The chapter starts with a comparative systematization of the four national cases (Sect. 4.1). Two subsequent sections provide an overview of the communicative activity of the four parliaments (Sect. 4.2) and describe the case-specific styles and formats of debate (Sect. 4.3) summarized in the conclusion (Sect. 4.4).
145 Agricultural safety & health management planning

Background Agricultural producers lack an easily understandable reference to help them develop a comprehensive safety and health plan for their operation. While many examples of safety management plans exist for general industry, they do not relate well to the hazards and risk of agriculture. Objective To develop an agricultural safety and health management plan reference manual applicable to a wide range of agricultural operations. Results The manual Safety and Health Management Planning for General Farm and Ranch Operations . The major sections of this manual include: Establishing Safety policies and Procedures; Identifying and assessing Hazards and Risks; Preventing and Controlling Hazards and Risks; Educating and Training Employees; and Evaluating Training Program and Resources. The manual provides several examples and forms that help users adapt and implement a safety and health management plan that matches their operation. The safety and health management plan also helps farm and ranch owners be aware of safety and health regulations that their operation may be under. Conclusions The Safety and Health Management Planning for General Farm and Ranch Operations has been well accepted by the agricultural community. The manual is in its second printing and has been used as part of an Agricultural Safety and Health Certificate course for safety professionals and insurers loss control specialist offered by the International Society of Agricultural Safety and health. It is also serving as a basis to develop companion manuals for specific types of farming operations such as biomass producers and dairy producers.
Care of the adolescent after an acute sexual assault

Sexual violence is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of sexual victimizations. Since the American Academy of Pediatrics published its last policy statement on sexual assault in 2008, additional information and data have emerged about sexual violence affecting adolescents and the treatment and management of the adolescent who has been a victim of sexual assault. This report provides new information to update physicians and focuses on the acute assessment and care of adolescent victims who have experienced a recent sexual assault. Follow-up of the acute assault, as well as prevention of sexual assault, are also discussed.
The Evolving Role of the Community College: Policy Issues and Research Questions

Community colleges are much in the policy limelight these days. State and federal policymakers are looking especially at community colleges as a cost-effective way to serve the increasing number of students wishing to go to college (Phelan, 2000). Moreover, community colleges recommend themselves as key institutions to meet the training demands of the increasing sub-baccalaureate sector of the occupational structure (Grubb, 1996). And those concerned about remedial education and distance education naturally focus on community colleges since they are major purveyors of both forms of education (Spann, 2000).
Past, Present, and Future of Rituximab-The World's First Oncology Monoclonal Antibody Therapy.

Rituximab is a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy with binding specificity to CD20. It was the first therapeutic antibody approved for oncology patients and was the top-selling oncology drug for nearly a decade with sales reaching $8.58 billion in 2016. Since its initial approval in 1997, it has improved outcomes in all B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite widespread use, most mechanistic data have been gathered from in vitro studies while the roles of the various response mechanisms in humans are still largely undetermined. Polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptor and complement protein genes have been implicated as potential predictors of differential response to rituximab, but have not yet shown sufficient influence to impact clinical decisions. Unlike most targeted therapies developed today, no known biomarkers to indicate target engagement/tumor response have been identified, aside from reduced tumor burden. The lack of companion biomarkers beyond CD20 itself has made it difficult to predict which patients will respond to any given anti-CD20 antibody. In the past decade, two new anti-CD20 antibodies have been approved: ofatumumab, which binds a distinct epitope of CD20, and obinutuzumab, a mAb derived from rituximab with modifications to the Fc portion and to its glycosylation. Both are fully humanized and have biological activity that is distinct from that of rituximab. In addition to these new anti-CD20 antibodies, another imminent change in targeted lymphoma treatment is the multitude of biosimilars that are becoming available as rituximab’s patent expires. While the widespread use of rituximab itself will likely continue, its biosimilars will increase global access to the therapy. This review discusses current research into mechanisms and potential biomarkers of rituximab response, as well as its biosimilars and the newer CD20 binding mAb therapies. Increased ability to assess the effectiveness of rituximab in an individual patient, along with the availability of alternative anti-CD20 antibodies will likely lead to dramatic changes in how we use CD20 antibodies going forward.
From Wheat to Waves and Back Again: Connections between the Yaqui Valley and the Gulf of California

The Yaqui Valley is one of the most productive agricultural regions in Mexico, and the adjoining waters of the Gulf of California are home to one of the nation’s most productive fishing industries. These two industries grew and prospered more or less independently for much their history. In fact, the Gulf of California was a source of food long before the Yaqui Valley was plowed and irrigated for wheat and other crops. Native peoples have lived along the shores of the gulf and fished its waters for millennia (Bowen 2004; Nabhan 2000; Robles-Ortiz and Manzo-Taylor 1972), while industrial shrimp trawlers began combing the gulf in the first few decades of the twentieth century (fig. 7.1). Then came agricultural development and the green revolution, which quickly transformed the Yaqui Valley from desert to wheat and created a new connection between land and sea—that of irrigation water and agricultural pollutants. The fishing and agricultural industries grew increasingly interconnected with the rise of the aquaculture industry in the late 1990s. Then, a series of privatization and liberalization policies combined with extended drought encouraged farmers to farm fish. As upland farmers turned to aquaculture, they were suddenly invested in the coast, and the terrestrial- and marine-based social and biological systems were connected to an unprecedented degree.
Finite Frames for Sparse Signal Processing

Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made toward developing new signal processing methods to manage the deluge of data caused by advances in sensing, imaging, storage, and computing technologies. Most of these methods are based on a simple but fundamental observation: high-dimensional data sets are typically highly redundant and live on low-dimensional manifolds or subspaces. This means that the collected data can often be represented in a sparse or parsimonious way in a suitably selected finite frame. This observation has also led to the development of a new sensing paradigm, called compressed sensing, which shows that high-dimensional data sets can often be reconstructed, with high fidelity, from only a small number of measurements. Finite frames play a central role in the design and analysis of both sparse representations and compressed sensing methods. In this chapter, we highlight this role primarily in the context of compressed sensing for estimation, recovery, support detection, regression, and detection of sparse signals. The recurring theme is that frames with small spectral norm and/or small worst-case coherence, average coherence, or sum coherence are well suited for making measurements of sparse signals.
Bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma: a histopathologic study with clinical correlates.

c Context.—Only limited information exists on the pathologic aspects of thyroid carcinomas with bone metastases, most large studies having concentrated mainly on their clinical features. Objective.—To study in detail the morphologic features of thyroid carcinomas with skeletal metastases. Design.—Seventy-nine cases of thyroid carcinoma with bone metastases treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, between 1964 and 1998 were investigated, with emphasis on the pathology of the primary and/or metastatic tumors and comparison of the morphologic features of the tumors at both the sites, wherever possible. The tumors were also compared for various clinical parameters. Results.—The cohort consisted of 22 papillary, 17 follic
Habitat Effectiveness for Elk as Influenced by Roads and Cover

The author reports that pellet counts conducted over an eight-year period confirmed that elk in western Montana tend to avoid habitat adjacent to open forest roads. The area avoided increases where the density of tree cover is low. Forest roads open to traffic cause available habitat to be less than fully effective. A method for determining the losses of effective habitat is presented.
Creation: Iran’s Non-State Foreign Policy in 1958–63

On 14 July 1958, the Hashemite dynasty of Iraq was overthrown in a coup led by the pan-Arab “Free Officers.” It was a watershed for Iran’s non-state foreign policy. Led by Qasim, the Iraqi republic gradually approached the Soviets. At the same time, Barzani returned to Iraq and sided with Qasim. Within this context, Iran unsuccessfully tried to rally pro-Hashemites and the Iraqi Shia against Baghdad. As the gap between Barzani and Qasim increasingly widened, Iran gradually created strategic connections with the Iraqi Kurds. With the outbreak of the Kurdish War in 1961, Iran backed the Kurdish Peshmerga. Despite the U.S. hands-off policy toward the war, Iran kept up its support for the Kurds until the debacle of Qasim’s regime in 1963.
Effects of low temperature and gibberellic acid on floral gene expression and floral determinacy in ‘Washington’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)

Abstract Low temperature (LT) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were used, respectively, to promote and inhibit flowering in ‘Washington’ navel orange to identify relationships between floral gene expression and floral intensity. All trees were maintained under warm temperature (WT) (24/19 °C, day/night) from April to September. For trees receiving 11 additional weeks of WT, buds expressed low levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1) and APETALA2 (AP2), but never expressed SEPALLATA1 (SEP1), PISTILLATA (PI) and AGAMOUS (AG) and did not flower. In contrast, trees transferred to LT (15/10 °C, day/night) for 8 weeks followed by WT through week 11 had significantly greater bud expression of FT and SOC1 in week 2, AP1 and AP2 during weeks 8 through 10, and SEP1, PI and AG after transfer to WT; 84% of buds flowered. Foliar-applied GA3 (50 mg L−1) in weeks 2 through 8 of LT treatment did not affect FT, SOC1 or LFY expression, but significantly reduced transcripts of AP1 by week 8, AP2, SEP1, PI and AG after transfer to WT and inflorescence number to values equal to 11-week WT-treated trees. Delaying GA3 application to weeks 4 through 8 of LT treatment increased AP1, AP2, SEP1, PI and AG expression equal to LT-treated trees and significantly greater than WT-treated trees; inflorescence number was significantly greater than trees in the WT treatment or receiving seven GA3 applications, but less than LT-treated trees. The results provide evidence suggesting that in adult citrus buds determinacy and subsequent floral development are controlled by AP1 and AP2 transcript levels, which regulate downstream floral organ identity gene activity and the effect of GA3 on citrus flower formation.
PREVALENCE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL SEQUELAE IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a nonatherosclerotic cause of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death occurring predominantly in young women, a group with elevated risk of psychological sequelae after MI. Mental health after SCAD, particularly posttraumatic stress
Additively Manufactured Impinging Air Jet Cooler for High-Power Electronic Devices

We report an air jet cooler made with additive manufacturing. The air jet cooler directs an impinging air jet directly onto electronic devices. The jet system was fabricated by a single manufacturing process using a resin-based three-dimensional printer, and monolithically integrates two nozzles, air delivery channel, flow distributor and mechanical fixtures within a volume of 80×80×80 mm3, To demonstrate the viability of the jet cooler, high power gallium nitride (GaN) transistors were cooled using air jets at up to 195 m/sec. With the air jet, a GaN transistor could dissipate heat flux up to 60 W/cm2, which was 7X larger than the maximum allowable heat flux under natural convection cooling. The air jet cooler is also capable of rapid switching of the cooling air. Direct impingement of air jet could reduce the GaN transistor temperature by ~70°C within 11 seconds. This work demonstrates the potential of additively manufactured air jet coolers as a compact thermal management scheme for high-power electronics. Since the geometry of the air jet coolers can be easily tailored to various shapes, the demonstrated concept can be applied for cooling a variety of electronics with different topologies and different layouts of hot spots.
How to be a maker 2: Let garden birds tweet online

Is your garden home to birds, badgers or bears when you aren't there? Find out with Hannah Joshua's tweeting wildlife camera
Developmental overnutrition and obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring

Childhood obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and youth-onset type 2 diabetes is following suit. This review summarises the literature on the influence of developmental overnutrition, resulting from maternal diabetes, obesity, maternal dietary intake during pregnancy, excess gestational weight gain, and infant feeding practices, on the aetiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes risk during childhood and adolescence. Key goals of this review are: (1) to summarise evidence to date on consequences of developmental overnutrition; (2) describe shared and distinct biological pathways that may link developmental overnutrition to childhood obesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes; and (3) to translate current knowledge into clinical and public health strategies that not only target primary prevention in youth, but also encourage primordial prevention during the perinatal period, with the aim of breaking the intergenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes.
LogBug: Generating Adversarial System Logs in Real Time

Log parsers first convert large-scale and unstructured system logs into structured data, and then cluster them into groups for anomaly detection and monitoring. However, the security vulnerabilities of the log parsers have not been unveiled yet. In this paper, to our best knowledge, we take the first step to propose a novel real-time black-box attack framework LogBug in which attackers slightly modify the logs to deviate the analysis result (i.e., evading the anomaly detection) without knowing the learning model and parameters of the log parser. We have empirically evaluated LogBug on five emerging log parsers using system logs collected from five different systems. The results demonstrate that LogBug can greatly reduce the accuracy of log parsers with minor perturbations in real time.
Strain Decoupling for the Real Time Strains Measured During Welding Process

Stress during welding is of high interest while complex due to the high gradient transient thermal effect. All published literatures studied it by finite element simulations. For the first time, the authors tried to derive the stress history based on measured temperature and in-plane strains. However, the measured strains were the total strains consisted of coupled thermal, elastic and plastic strains. To determine the stress based on the constitutive equations, measured total strains should be decoupled.
A survey of recent 3D scene analysis and processing methods

With ubiquitous cameras and popular 3D scanning and capturing devices to help us capture 2D/3D scene data, there are many scene understanding related applications, as well as quite a few important and interesting research problems in processing, analyzing, and understanding the available scene data. During the recent several years, there is a significant advancement in different research directions in this field and quite a few novel 3D scene analysis and processing methods have been proposed correspondingly in each direction. This paper provides a review and critical evaluation on the most recent (i.e., within five recent years) and novel data-driven or semantics-driven 3D scene analysis and processing methods, as well as several involved 3D scene datasets. For each method, its advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) are discussed, after an overview and/or analysis of the approach. Finally, based on the review, we propose several promising future research directions in this field.
Depressive symptoms in the context of Chinese grandparents caring for grandchildren.

This study examined the longitudinal association of depressive symptoms with grandchild care intensity and whether the association varies by household structure, residential area, and gender for Ch...
Novel reaction to new cystic fibrosis medication Trikafta

We present a novel case of an urticaria multiforme-type drug reaction to the new cystic fibrosis medication Trikafta (elexacaftor + tezacaftor + ivacaftor). Equipped with this information, clinicians may be more prepared to counsel and treat patients if they experience similar symptoms after beginning Trikafta.
Electromagnetic radii of the nucleon in soft-wall holographic QCD

We revisit the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron in the holographic soft wall model. At low momentum transfer, we show that by matching the nucleon and rho Regge slopes and fixing the nucleon anomalous dimension by the nucleon mass, a perfect match to the world average charge radii from e-p scattering (including the recent small charge radius of the proton measured by the PRad collaboration at JLab) follows. At high momentum transfer, the nucleon anomalous dimension runs up to match the hard scaling rule.