cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative to the finger in the dike: use of the vascular closure button to control postdialysis bleeding in a haemodialysis access conduit

Objective The purpose of this case series is to describe the application of a vascular closure button (VCB) for the repair of haemodialysis access bleeding. The VCB’s main function is not to assist in bleeding control, but instead to provide easy access for removal of tightly placed sutures in the repair. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing ED repair of persistent bleeding from puncture sites in haemodialysis access conduits (HACs) using a VCB was conducted. Study patients were collected from ED visits to Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center in Camden, New Jersey, USA, between May 2013 and August 2017. Patients were followed until the time of definitive repair of the underlying pathology or until the end of the study period. Results Seventeen VCBs were used to control persistent bleeding from HACs in the ED. Sixteen bleeds were the result of recent haemodialysis punctures, while one was from a bleeding site ulcer. All repairs were successful at controlling the bleeding with preserved HAC function in the ED and no delayed thrombosis. Follow-up time ranged from 1 day to 778 days. Conclusion Vascular control buttons provide an effective means to control HAC postdialysis bleeding and allow for ease of suture removal without disruption of a repair with no long-term complications.
Combined effects of rapamycin and bicalutamide in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells

2760 In the initial stages, prostate tumors are dependent on androgens for growth, and hence, recurrent prostate cancer is primarily treated by androgen deprivation therapy. Patients respond initially to such treatment but ultimately relapse indicative of the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin prevented the growth of both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent cell lines in short-term studies, and hence was promising as treatment for prostate cancer. However, long-term treatment with rapamycin induced resistance to this drug. Here we show that mTOR forms two complexes mTORC1 (mTOR/raptor/GβL) and mTORC2 (mTOR/rictor/sin1/GβL), both of which are inhibited by rapamycin. However, over time, rapamycin depleted rictor levels, thereby decreasing mTORC2 and forcing the drug to act through mTORC1 alone. Inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin inhibited cell growth but also stimulated Akt phosphorylation and AR transcriptional activity. Stimulation of AR transcriptional activity promoted cell growth and diminished the growth-inhibitory effects of rapamycin. On the other hand, rapamycin inhibition of mTORC2 inhibited cell growth as well as AR transcriptional activity. Therefore, depletion of rictor and rapamycin inhibition of mTORC1 alone caused the delayed resistance to rapamycin. To overcome rapamycin-resistance caused by AR transcriptional activity stimulated by the inhibition of mTORC1, we used the AR antagonist bicalutamide. Simultaneous treatment with bicalutamide inhibited AR transcriptional activity, thereby sensitizing the cells to the growth inhibitory effects of rapamycin. Our data shows that a combination of rapamycin and bicalutamide would be effective therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
2,4,6-Tris-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-2-(1-pyrid-yl)-boroxine.

Crystals of the title compound, C23H17B3F3NO3, were obtained unintentionally by slow evaporation of a chloro­form solution of the preformed boroxine–pyridine adduct. The mol­ecule contains three fluoro-substituted benzene rings, each bonded to one of the three B atoms of a six-membered boroxine ring. A pyridyl ring is also bound to one of the B atoms through a Lewis acid–base inter­action. The binding of the pyridyl substituent causes the otherwise planar boroxine ring to twist, resulting in a maximum torsion angle within the ring of 17.6 (2)°.
Examining the effects of light versus moderate to vigorous physical activity on cognitive function in African American adults

Background: Physical activity (PA) recommendations for older adults often endorse participation in moderate to vigorous intensity (MVPA). However, health disparities are evident such that African A...
Comparison of Lateral Perturbation-Induced Step Training and Hip Muscle Strengthening Exercise on Balance and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND This factorial, assessor-blinded, randomized, and controlled study compared the effects of perturbation-induced step training (lateral waist-pulls), hip muscle strengthening, and their combination, on balance performance, muscle strength, and prospective falls among older adults. METHODS Community-dwelling older adults were randomized to 4 training groups. Induced step training (IST, n = 25) involved 43 progressive perturbations. Hip abduction strengthening (HST, n = 25) utilized progressive resistance exercises. Combined training (CMB, n = 25) included IST and HST, and the control performed seated flexibility/relaxation exercises (SFR, n = 27). The training involved 36 sessions for a period of 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were the number of recovery steps and first step length, and maximum hip abduction torque. Fall frequency during 12 months after training was determined. RESULTS Overall, the number of recovery steps was reduced by 31% and depended upon the first step type. IST and CMB increased the rate of more stable single lateral steps pre- and post-training than HST and SFR who used more multiple crossover and sequential steps. The improved rate of lateral steps for CMB exceeded the control (CMB/SFR rate ratio 2.68). First step length was unchanged, and HST alone increased hip torque by 25%. Relative to SFR, the fall rate ratios (falls/person/year) [95% confidence interval] were CMB 0.26 [0.07-0.90], IST 0.44 [0.18-1.08], and HST 0.30 (0.10-0.91). CONCLUSIONS Balance performance through stepping was best improved by combining perturbation and strength training and not strengthening alone. The interventions reduced future falls by 56%-74% over the control. Lateral balance perturbation training may enhance traditional programs for fall prevention.
Goliath among the Giants: Monster Decapitation and Capital Display in 1 Samuel 17 and Beyond:

A single verse near the conclusion of 1 Samuel 17 mentions that after defeating Goliath, David took the giant’s severed head to Jerusalem (1 Sam. 17.54). The present paper argues that this text’s c...
Bond Bats Against MLB after Conviction Vacated

In April, baseball's all–time home run leader Barry Bonds received a favorable call from the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. After a three–judge panel upheld Bonds' felony conviction for obstruction of justice in 2013, an en banc panel vacated the trial court judgment in favor of the former baseball player.
Describing adsorption of benzene, thiophene, and xenon on coinage metals by using the Zaremba-Kohn theory-based model.

Semilocal (SL) density functional approximations (DFAs) are widely applied but have limitations due to their inability to incorporate long-range van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Non-local functionals (vdW-DF, VV10, and rVV10) or empirical methods (DFT+D, DFT+vdW, and DFT+MBD) are used with SL-DFAs to account for such missing interaction. The physisorption of a molecule on the surface of the coinage metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) is a typical example of systems where vdW interaction is significant. However, it is difficult to find a general method that reasonably describes both adsorption energy and geometry of even the simple prototypes of cyclic and heterocyclic aromatic molecules such as benzene (C6H6) and thiophene (C4H4S), respectively, with reasonable accuracy. In this work, we present an alternative scheme based on Zaremba–Kohn theory, called DFT+vdW-dZK. We show that unlike other popular methods, DFT+vdW-dZK and particularly SCAN+vdW-dZK give an accurate description of the physisorption of a rare-gas atom (xenon) and two small albeit diverse prototype organic molecules on the (111) surfaces of the coinage metals.
Interracial Trust between Black Doctoral Student Protégés and White Mentors

Psychologists have found that many Black persons in the United States have significant levels of mistrust of White persons. This serves as a protective factor in response to pervasive structural and systemic racism. Yet interracial trusting relationships exist. In this phenomenological study, 10 Black counseling doctoral students described their interracial trust experiences with White faculty and/or clinical supervisor mentors. The authors constructed six themes from the data: setting less rigid boundaries, practicing transparency, taking the initiative, being congruent, honoring the proteges’ strengths and experiences, and advocating for equity. Implications and strategies for supervisors and educators are shared.
Creating a Pathway for the Future: Recommendations and Conclusion

In this final chapter, we connect the findings of the study to curriculum and instruction, and policy reform. Ethiopia is regarded as the cradle of human civilization and as such, its cultural influence is of great importance. However, this is often omitted from education discourse. Thus, our study’s findings have implications for policy makers, community activists, and educators who are committed to improving the educational outcomes of diverse learners. The findings also suggest a need for further research regarding the impact of acculturation and assimilation of immigrant students in schools and society.
Audiences of Grocery Store Newspaper Advertisements

This paper reports the results of a study of the characteristics of audiences of grocery store newspaper advertisements. Advertisement readership was not strongly associated with any consumer demographic characteristic and only weakly associated with attitudinal characteristics.
Resource Allocation for Heterogeneous Traffic in LTE Virtual Networks

Cellular network virtualization is being considered as a key trend in future mobile networks towards improved resource utilization. However, virtualization scenarios need investigation to understand the considerations which should be taken into account when deploying virtualized wireless networks in practice. Towards this, we address the performance of a virtualized network in the presence of heterogeneous classes of traffic. In previous cellular network virtualization literature, both Real time (RT) and Non-Real time (NRT) traffic requests have been included without distinction. Both types are provisioned using the same algorithm for allocation of resources specified by the Network Scheduler [1]. However, different types of traffic have different characteristics [2], e.g., RT requests are delay sensitive but may need fixed bandwidth, and hence should be treated differently, especially when wireless channel conditions are factored into the scheduling. We recognize this difference and in this paper, we propose a new approach to improve scheduling of resources for RT and NRT traffic. In particular, we prioritize the traffic belonging to different virtual slices from all service providers (SP/VEs) at the Network Scheduler before allocating resources to different SP/VEs, i.e., We form a Virtual Prioritized Slice (VPS). The virtual prioritized slice is forwarded to the VPS scheduler to serve all RT requests first. Only after the RT traffic is scheduled, the NRT traffic is provisioned using proportional fairness (PF) scheduling. We show by simulation results that this new VPS approach helps outperform recently proposed resource allocation schemes.
Interests, Institutions, and Ideology in Securing Policy Change: The Republican Conversion to Trade Liberalization after Smoot-Hawley

This paper investigates how changes in both institutional incentives and economic interests are important for securing durable changes in economic policy. We study how bipartisan support developed to sustain the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA) of 1934, which fundamentally transformed U.S. trade policy. The durability of this change was achieved only when the Republicans, long-time supporters of high tariffs who originally vowed to repeal the RTAA, began to support this Democratic initiative in the 1940s. We find little evidence of an ideological shift among Republicans, but rather an increased sensitivity to export interests for which the institutional structure of the RTAA itself may have been responsible. We conclude that the combination of greater export opportunities and the institutional change which strengthened exporters' lobbying position was required to bring about Republican support for trade liberalization.
Manufacturing hope and despair : the school and kin support networks of U.S.-Mexican youth

Relying on ethnographic and statistical data, this volume documents the many constraints and social forces that prevent Mexican-origin adolescents from constructing social networks, and thus social support. The role of social networks in shaping young people's chances is illuminated.
A design for fine-grained access control in Melampus

The authors believe that access controls for object-oriented systems should be fine-grained and thus apply to individual methods of individual objects. Efficiently supporting this approach is a challenging tasks, because (at least conceptually) a check is done on every method invocation. Their design uses access control lists and exploits virtual memory facilities to make these checks run fast. The costs include an extra level of indirection for method invocation and per-user storage for preprocessed access control information. >
Intercept of the Pomeranchuk Singularity

For any unitary theory in which the average multiplicity grows slower than any small positive power of $s$, and in which the Regge-type asymptotic behaviors ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}(s)\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{P}}(0)\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{e}1}(s)\ensuremath{\sim}{s}^{2{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{P}}(0)\ensuremath{-}2}$ hold, modulo powers of $\mathrm{ln}(s)$ for both, I derive a simple, necessary and sufficient condition which guarantees that ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{P}}(0)=1$. The condition is ${max}_{n}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}\ensuremath{\le}C{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{e}1}{s}^{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$ for arbitrarily small $\ensuremath{\epsilon}g0$ and large enough $s$, where ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}$ is the actual cross section for producing $n$ hadrons in the final state, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{e}1}$ is the total integrated elastic cross section, and $C$ is independent of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$.
The Analysis of Impact of Energy Efficiency Requirements on Programming Environments

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: programming models; energy efficiency requirements; abstract machine model; parameterized machine model; data movement; data locality management; memory bandwidth; data layout; scalable interconnects; and message passing applications.
Novel gaseous polyatomic binary and ternary lanthanide oxides

Abstract A variety of novel gaseous polyatomic binary and ternary oxides were observed at ambient temperature arising from lanthanide (Ln) nitrate Schiff base complexes, simple salts and sesquioxides, in an FAB mass spectrometer. The new binary oxides (as singly positive ions) detected are Ln2O3, Ln3O3, Ln3O4, Ln4O4, Ln4O5, Ln4O6, Ln5O6, Ln5O7, Ln5O8, Ln6O8, Ln6O9, Ln7O10, Ln8O11, Ln8O12 and Ln9O13; the ternary gaseous oxides are CeEuO2, CeEu2O3 and Ce2EuO4, LaYbO2, La2YbO4 and LaYb2O4; NdHoO3, Nd2HoO4, and NdHo2O4; YTmO3; YxTm3−xO4, x=1−2; YxTm4−xO6, x=1−3; YxTm5−xO7, x=1−4; YxTm6−xO9, x=1−5. Some of these oxides show the lanthanide cations in unusual oxidation states. Gadolinium-gallium ternary oxides, GdGaO2, GdGaO3 and Gd2GaO4 were also detected. The FAB MS environment is significantly reducing, yielding a homologous series EunOn where Eu2+ is dominant (E°(Eu3+/Eu2+)=−0.35 V) and no gallium or indium oxides (E°(M3+/M°=−0.34 V (In), −0.53 V (Ga)) were formed. The stoichiometry of the polylanthanide ternary oxides formed is determined largely by the chemistry of the major metallic component. The gaseous polyatomic oxides are probably formed through a reductive condensation process involving primary species Ln+ and LnO+ formed when the rare earth compounds are struck by fast Xe atoms. The demonstrated possibility of double component oxide formation broadens the number and types of gaseous lanthanide oxides which are accessible.
EFFECT OF LATHYROGENIC AMINONITRILES, RELATED AMINES, AND COPPER-COMPLEXING AGENTS ON CONIDIAL GERMINATION OF MOLDS.

SummaryLathyrogenic aminonitriles were found to be inhibitory to conidial germination of N. crassa (3 strains) and A. niger (1 strain). AAN was intensely inhibitory and induced yeastlike forms in the germinants at neutral and at alkaline pH values. BAPN, a somewhat weaker lathyrogen, showed strong inhibition and produced similar yeastlike tendencies with conidia only at alkaline pH values. Cu+ + tended to inhibit conidial germination at lower pH's but appeared relatively nontoxic in alkaline media. Cu+ + seemed to potentiate the inhibition due to BAPN at pH 7.7. It appeared to be either synergistic or protective towards certain ion-complexing agents, depending on the agent and the species of mold. Those agents which form chelate rings appeared to be more toxic than BAPN. All amino compounds tested, including glucosamine, inhibited conidial germination of A. niger at pH 7.7, and except for ethylenediamine, they induced a tendency towards a yeastlike morphology in the germinants. Glucosamine showed no prote...
CANCER MORTALITY AT A NAVAL NUCLEAR SHIPYARD

Abstract To evaluate a reported five-fold increase in leukaemia mortality among workers exposed to ionising radiation at Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Naval Shipyard (PNS), a retrospective cohort mortality study of all PNS civilian workers employed from 1952 to 1977 was done. Three subcohorts were identified: 7615 workers with radiation exposure of 0.001 to 91.414 rem (mean 2.779 rem, median 0.545 rem), 15 585 non-radiation workers, and 1345 workers selected for radiation work who received no measurable exposures. Vital status on 96% of the workers was ascertained and observed mortality due to all causes, all malignant neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues, including leukaemia, was compared with that expected from mortalityrates for United States White males. Leukaemia mortality in radiation and non-radiation workers at PNS was also compared. Although the study had a power of greater than 99% to detect statistically a five-fold increase in leukaemia mortality among the radiation workers, and a power of 67% to detect a two-fold increase, there was no excess due to leukaemia or any other cause. The standardised mortality ratio for leukaemia among radiation workers was 84 (95% confidence interval, 34-174). There was no dose-response relation with radiation or any increased mortality in radiation over non-radiation workers. The study was, however, limited by short latency (time since first radiation); only 53% of the workers had less than 15 years' latency.
Twinning and conjoined placentation in mice

Spontaneous and experimentally induced twinning and conjoined placentation were studied in Swiss-Webster (SW) mice. Conjoined placentation was noticed at a rate of 0.4% for twins and 0.06% for triplets. Placentally conjoined embryos were either symmetrical or asymmetrical. A single spontaneous monozygotic conjoined twin was observed among 2,000 blastocysts cultured in vitro. The yield of twins could not be increased by manipulating explanted embryos in vitro, or by treating in utero during the early postimplantation stage of development with vincristine.
Sclerotherapy: review of results and complications in 200 patients.

Sclerotherapy an outpatient treatment of spider and varicose veins in the skin has become popular because it is highly effective relatively free of pain and complications. The dermatologist injects 0.1-1 cc of a sclerosing solution per site using a 30 gauge needle gently presses and kneads the site and applies a self-adhesive wrap for 24 hours. Choice of sclerosing agent is based on: desire for speedy results and overall success with 20% saline containing 100 U heparin/cc; more cramping but better results on resistant areas with 23.4% saline; slower fading but virtually no pain with polidocanol. In a series of 200 patients aged 18-81 98% of treatments were successful and 95% of patients were satisfied with the treatment even with minor complications. Complications included temporary superficial crusting at the injection site bruising transient mild edema hyperpigmentation and appearance of a network of tiny bright pink vessels that blanched with pressure sometimes called "matte telangiectasia." The most serious complication was ulceration skin sloughing and scarring 1 case with each agent. The matte telangiectasia was common in oral contraceptive users: more than 50% of those with this complication were pill users and even stopping the pill did not prevent this phenomenon in subsequent treatments.
A laboratory model for solidification of Earth's core

Abstract To better understand the influence of rotating convection in the outer core on the solidification of the inner core we have constructed a laboratory model for solidification of Earth's core. The model consists of a 15 cm radius hemispherical acrylic tank concentric with a 5 cm radius hemispherical aluminum heat exchanger that serves as the incipient inner core onto which we freeze ice from salt water. Long exposure photographs of neutrally buoyant particles in illuminated planes suggest reduction of flow parallel to the rotation axis. Thermistors in the tank near the heat exchanger show that in experiments with rotation the temperature near the pole is lower than near the equator, unlike for control experiments without rotation or with a polymer that increases the fluid viscosity. The photographs and thermistors suggest that our observation that ice grows faster near the pole than near the equator for experiments with rotation is a result of colder water not readily convecting away from the pole. Because of the reversal of the thermal gradient, we expect faster equatorial solidification in the Earth's core. Such anisotropy in solidification has been suggested as a cause of inner core elastic (and attenuation) anisotropy, though the plausibility of this suggestion will depend on the core Nusselt number and the slope of the liquidus, and the effects of post-solidification deformation. Previous experiments on hexagonal close-packed alloys such as sea ice and zinc–tin have shown that fluid flow in the melt can result in a solidification texture transverse to the solidification direction, with the texture depending on the nature of the flow. A comparison of the visualized flow and the texture of columnar ice crystals in thin sections from these experiments confirms flow-induced transverse textures. This suggests that the convective pattern at the base of the outer core is recorded in the texture of the inner core, and that outer core convection might contribute to the complexity in the seismically inferred pattern of anisotropy in the Earth's inner core.
MAY DAY! CORONAL LOOP TEMPERATURES FROM THE HINODE EUV IMAGING SPECTROMETER

Data from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode taken on 2007 May 1 (May Day) are used to investigate the thermal properties of a coronal loop in AR 10953. For background subtraction, we have taken cuts across the loop near the apex and the footpoint where the background is relatively simple. Three density-sensitive line ratios give statistically different answers, and emission measure loci plots indicate that the loop plasma in not isothermal. Therefore, we have done differential emission measure analysis on these data and found a two-component model that can reproduce the background-subtracted intensities. Since both of these components are broadened, they cannot simply represent two isothermal strands of the EIS loop or two isothermal loops along the line of sight. They could, however, represent either two dominant ensembles of strands for the observed EIS loop or the dominant ensemble of strands for two individual loops along the line of sight. The TRACE image of the active region can help us determine which of these models best describes the data. It shows what appears to be two distinct loops that cross, one behind the other, at the approximate position of our cut near the EIS loop apex. It seemed natural to conclude, therefore, that the two-component DEM distribution represents two ensembles of strands, one for each of the loops seen in the TRACE image.
Uncertainty in the bidirectional reflectance model for oceanic waters

We study the impacts of the bio-optical model variations on the angular distribution (f/Q factor) of the upwelling radiance field in ocean waters. An ocean water bio-optical model has been combined with a vector radiative transfer model to calculate the f/Q factors systematically. The f/Q factors are compared to those in [Appl. Opt.41, 6289 (2002)10.1364/AO.41.006289APOPAI1559-128X] and the differences are found to be within ±10% for 81% of the total number of cases covering all wavelengths, chlorophyll a concentrations, and solar and viewing geometries. The differences are attributed to the choice of ocean water scattering function and scattering coefficient biases. In addition, we study the uncertainty of f/Q factor due to three factors: (I) the absorption coefficient of the colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), (II) the particle scattering coefficient, and (III) the ocean water depolarization. The impacts of ocean water depolarization on the f/Q variation is found to be negligible. If we perturb the CDOM absorption coefficient by a factor ranging from 0.1 to 10, the f/Q values vary within ±5% of the average behavior of ocean waters for 93% of the cases. If we perturb the scattering coefficients by a factor ranging from 0.5 to 2.0, the f/Q variation is within ±5% for 81% of the cases studied. This work contributes to understanding the uncertainty of ocean color remote sensing.
Bureaucracy, Its Reform and Development

Few aspects of economic policy elicit more conflicting opinions than the role of bureaucracy in policy making and implementation. These range from Max Weber’s picture of a rule-governed efficient institution to the ‘Yes, Minister’ caricature of one bound in complex red tape, operating inefficiently and serving the interests of its own officials. In this article, I attempt a better understanding guided by the economics of incentives and organisations. I emphasise the multidimensional complexity of government bureaucracies—they are answerable to multiple political principals, must handle multiple tasks, have multiple levels of hierarchy and so on—and suggest some institutional and organisational reforms that seem relevant for India and other less-developed countries that wish to sustain growth and progress to and beyond a middle-income level.
Attitude control requirements for future space systems

Landsat-D and the Large Space Telescope represent current state-of-the-art systems with precise requirements placed on attitude control. Future systems for planetary stations, high precision earth monitoring and large precision deployable and erectable platforms project still more severe constraints and requirements on attitude control, including the requirement for many enabling and highly enhanced technologies beyond current state of the art. Two trend projections are identified for the areas of (1) precision pointing systems for earth orbiters and planetary spacecraft and (2) onboard high-capacity fast controllers for distributed control systems.
Sex matters less for younger faculty: evidence of disaggregate pay disparities from the 1988 and 1993 NCES surveys

Abstract This study uses data from the 1988 and 1993 NCES national surveys of faculty to examine what has happened to the earnings of women in higher education. The data show that the aggregate unexplained wage gap between men and women is between 7 and 10%, which is comparable to findings from earlier national studies conducted during the 1970s and 1980s. Perhaps the most important finding in the study is that the unexplained wage gap for younger women is much lower than for older women in academe. The results of the analysis suggest that some progress is being made with regard to the relative earnings of men and women in academe, despite the lack of movement in the aggregate level of pay disparity. [ J E L 16, 71, 31]
Dieldrin accumulation and exertion by rats fed phenobarbital and carbon.

Activated charcoal and phenobarbital have both been proposed as agents for reducing accumulations of dieldrin in the body. Rats maintained on diets containing 2 ppm dieldrin spiked with dieldrin-14c were fed 0 and 1 g charcoal and 0, 40, and 80 mg phenobarbital per kg body weight in 2×3 factorial experiments. Measurements were made of the carbon-14 accumulated in the carcasses and excreted in the feces and urine. In one experiment, charcoal effectively reduced dieldrin storage in tissues when fed simultaneously with the pesticide; but, in another experiment, it was ineffective in reducing dieldrin residues when fed after storage of the pesticide had occurred and dieldrin feeding was stopped. Phenobarbital, a potent inducer of drugmetabolizing enzymes in the liver, dramatically reduced dieldrin storage whether fed simultaneously with dieldrin or following dieldrin accumulation.
Butanol production from wood pulping hydrolysate in an integrated fermentation–gas stripping process

Wood pulping hydrolysate (WPH) containing mainly xylose and glucose as a potential substrate for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation was studied. Due to the inhibitors present in the hydrolysate, several dilution levels and detoxification treatments, including overliming, activated charcoal adsorption, and resin adsorption, were evaluated for their effectiveness in relieving the inhibition on fermentation. Detoxification using resin and evaporation was found to be the most effective method in reducing the toxicity of WPH. ABE production in batch fermentation by Clostridium beijerinckii increased 68%, from 6.73 g/L in the non-treated and non-diluted WPH to 11.35 g/L in the resin treated WPH. With gas stripping for in situ product removal, ABE production from WPH increased to 17.73 g/L, demonstrating that gas stripping was effective in alleviating butanol toxicity by selectively separating butanol from the fermentation broth, which greatly improved solvents production and sugar conversion in the fermentation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Extinction and reacquisition after differential numbers of acquisition sessions.

(1961). Extinction and Reacquisition after Differential Numbers of Acquisition Sessions. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 189-195.
Induction Motor Performance Calculations

By means of solutions of the induction motor exact equivalent circuit in the form of infinite power series, approximate formulas for the important motor characteristics are derived. These formulas enable the effects of magnetizing current, core loss, and primary resistance on maximum torque, starting current, and so forth, to be readily taken into account with engineering accuracy. A new form of power factor chart is presented, which enables the power factor-load curve of any motor to be conveniently determined from no load test data. Exact values of power factor can be obtained from the chart by applying differential corrections, formulas for which are given. The methods outlined were developed to secure an optimum combination of speed, accuracy, and consistency in design calculations, and have been in regular use for the past seven years.
Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for catfish serum antibody to Edwardsiella ictaluri.

Abstract An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of serum antibodies in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus against Edwardsiella ictaluri. The ELISA antigen was prepared by application of an antigen extract from E. ictaluri to an affinity column containing immobilized monoclonal antibody (MAB). The MAB had specific reactivity for the immunodominant epitope of E. ictaluri. No cross-reactivity was detected when the E. ictaluri. Of 349 sera from food fish, 83% showed exposure to E. ictaluri in an area where ESC is wardsiella tarda or Aeromonas hydrophila. Further, adsorption of sera from E. ictaluri-infected catfish with E. ictaluri reduced the ELISA values, whereas adsorption with A. hydrophila reduced the ELISA values only slightly from those of unadsorbed sera. Antibody to E. ictaluri was reliably measured by ELISA in culture-positive fish that were experimentally or naturally infected with E. ictaluri. Tests by ELISA of field sera from 926 channel catfish in ...
Concomitant Osteomyelitis and Avascular Necrosis of the Talus Treated with Talectomy and Tibiocalcaneal Arthrodesis

The goal with Lisfranc fracture-dislocations is to regain joint congruity and reestablish midfoot stability to avoid debilitating posttraumatic arthrosis and chronic pain in the sensate patient. In the diabetic population, dense peripheral neuropathy and/or vascular disease are equally important and may alter the surgical approach to traumatic tarsometatarsal injuries. The initial diagnosis in the diabetic population may be delayed due to subtle radiographic findings and/or patient unawareness of trauma in the insensate foot. Failure to initiate treatment in the early stages of acute diabetic neuropathic Lisfranc injuries can predispose the patient to midfoot instability, potential ulceration, infection, and Charcot neuroarthropathy.
Evidence for suppression of serum LH without elevation in serum estradiol or prolactin with a brain-enhanced redox delivery system for estradiol

Abstract We developed a redox system for brain-enhanced delivery of estradiol based on an interconvertible dihydropyridine ⇌ pyridinium salt carrier. Estradiol (E2), when combined with the lipoidal carrier, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. The carrier, when oxidized, reduces the rate of exit of the estradiol-carrier complex from the brain. Subsequent hydrolysis of the carrier provides sustained production of estradiol in the brain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single vs. multiple injections of the estradiol-chemical delivery system (E2-CDS) on both central and peripheral estrogen-responsive tissues. Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of E2-CDS at 10, 33, 100 or 333 ug/kg BW or the drug vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 0.5 ml/kg) every 2 days for 7 injections (2 weeks) or a single injection only at 2 days before sacrifice. With a single injection, E2-CDS did not affect serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels at the 10 ug/kg dose but caused a dose-dependent reduction in serum LH of 39–52% at the dose range of 33 to 333 ug/kg. By contrast, multiple injections of E2-CDS caused a 32 to 76% reduction in serum LH levels at doses ranging from 10 ug/kg to 333 ug/kg. Additionally, multiple doses of E2-CDS caused a dose-dependent reduction in body weight at the 10 and 33 ug/kg doses with the higher doses causing no further weight reduction. For both single and multiple dosage groups, serum E2 levels remained unchanged after doses of E2-CDS of 10 and 33 ug/kg, then increased to 21 pg/ml for the single dosage group and to 23 pg/ml for the multiple dosage group at the 100 ug/kg dose, and to 59 pg/ml for singly-injected rats and 60 pg/ml for multiply-injected rats at the 333 ug/kg dose. Serum prolactin concentrations were closely correlated with serum E2 levels for both the single and multiple dose groups. These data reveal that a single or multiple doses of E2-CDS can reduce serum LH levels without elevating serum E2 or prolactin concentrations, supporting the concept of brain-enhanced delivery of estradiol with an estradiol chemical delivery system.
E-procurement in the hospitality industry: an exploratory study

E-procurement is promoted as a pathway to enhance revenue performance and reduce costs associated with the supply function. The hospitality industry has been a relatively late entrant into the e-procurement arena. Given some of the unique aspects of the industry, the adoption process has been hindered. Based on a series of informal interactions with industry experts, case studies, and a review of related extant literature, research propositions are presented on the key concerns of the adoption of e-procurement in the hospitality industry. Implications of the study for theory and practice are outlined.
Clostridium difficile contains plasmalogen species of phospholipids and glycolipids

Analysis of the polar lipids of many pathogenic and non-pathogenic clostridia has revealed the presence of plasmalogens, alk-1'-enyl ether-containing phospholipids and glycolipids. An exception to this finding so far has been Clostridium difficile, an important human pathogen which is the cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and other more serious complications. We have examined the polar lipids of three strains of C. difficile by thin-layer chromatography and have found acid-labile polar lipids indicative of the presence of plasmalogens. The lipids from one of these strains were subjected to further analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS), which revealed the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, monohexosyldiradylglycerol, dihexosyldiradylglycerol, and two unusual glycolipids identified as an aminohexosyl-hexosyldiradylglycerol, and a trihexosyldiradylglycerol. High resolution tandem mass spectrometry determined that monohexosyldiradylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol contained significant amounts of plasmalogens. C. difficile thus joins the growing list of clostridia that have plasmalogens. Since plasmalogens in clostridia are formed by an anaerobic pathway distinct from those in animal cells, their formation represents a potential novel target for antibiotic action.
Kinetic inhibition of CO and N2 reduction in circumplanetary nebulae - Implications for satellite composition

In contrast to the solar nebula, the conversion of CO to CH4 and of N2 to NH3 in the circumplanetary nebulae of the Jovian planets is fast enough relative to radial mixing and nebula cooling rates that CO and N2 are minor constituents in the circumplanetary nebulae. Thus, although the Jovian planets may have accreted carbon and nitrogen from the solar nebula mainly in the form of CO and N2, these species were then reprocessed within the circumplanetary nebulae to form mainly CH4 and NH3. Satellites of the Jovian planets which accreted in sufficiently cool parts of their circumplanetary nebula are therefore predicted to retain large amounts of NH3 and CH4 in the form of clathrate hydrates and also very small but chemically important amounts of HCN.
Persistent misconceptions regarding SERS

SERS is some 35 years old, and the subject of over 11 000 articles. The field of Plasmonics, and large aspects of Metamaterials are clearly based on concepts that became current as a result of SERS. Despite this, a number of persistent, fuzzy ideas about the origin of the enhancement in SERS continue to be current even among SERS researchers, leading to the external impression that SERS is uniquely poorly understood. Six such ideas are discussed.
Drinking water disinfection byproducts: review and approach to toxicity evaluation.

There is widespread potential for human exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water because everyone drinks, bathes, cooks, and cleans with water. The need for clean and safe water led the U.S. Congress to pass the Safe Drinking Water Act more than 20 years ago in 1974. In 1976, chloroform, a trihalomethane (THM) and a principal DBP, was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. This prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 1979 to develop a drinking water rule that would provide guidance on the levels of THMs allowed in drinking water. Further concern was raised by epidemiology studies suggesting a weak association between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and the occurrence of bladder, colon, and rectal cancer. In 1992 the U.S. EPA initiated a negotiated rulemaking to evaluate the need for additional controls for microbial pathogens and DBPs. The goal was to develop an approach that would reduce the level of exposure from disinfectants and DBPs without undermining the control of microbial pathogens. The product of these deliberations was a proposed stage 1 DBP rule. It was agreed that additional information was necessary on how to optimize the use of disinfectants while maintaining control of pathogens before further controls to reduce exposure beyond stage 1 were warranted. In response to this need, the U.S. EPA developed a 5-year research plan to support the development of the longer term rules to control microbial pathogens and DBPs. A considerable body of toxicologic data has been developed on DBPs that occur in the drinking water, but the main emphasis has been on THMs. Given the complexity of the problem and the need for additional data to support the drinking water DBP rules, the U.S. EPA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Army are working together to develop a comprehensive biologic and mechanistic DBP database. Selected DBPs will be tested using 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in standard rodent models; transgenic mouse models and small fish models; in vitro mechanistic and toxicokinetic studies; and reproductive, immunotoxicity, and developmental studies. The goal is to create a toxicity database that reflects a wide range of DBPs resulting from different disinfection practices. This paper describes the approach developed by these agencies to provide the information needed to make scientifically based regulatory decisions.
Stereoselective synthesis of β-linked TBDMS-protected chitobiose-asparagine: a versatile building block for amyloidogenic glycopeptides

Abstract A simple and efficient synthesis of a Fmoc- l -Asn[β-chitobiose(TBDMS)5]-OH with selectivity for the β-linked carbohydrate is described. The utility of this building block is illustrated in the synthesis of a glycosylated amyloidogenic peptide representing the 175-195 † fragment of the mouse prion protein ( PrPGP ).
Documenting basin scale, geometry and provenance through detrital geochemical data: Lessons from the Neoproterozoic to Ordovician Lesser, Greater, and Tethyan Himalayan strata of Bhutan

Abstract Detrital zircon (DZ) ages, augmented with eNd(0) and δ 13 C isotopic values from 18 new and 22 published samples collected from Lesser Himalayan (LH), Greater Himalayan (GH) and Tethyan Himalayan (TH) rocks in Bhutan, support deposition of > 7 km of sedimentary rock in late Cambrian–Ordovician time and provide a stratigraphic framework for the pre-collisional Indian margin. Youngest GH DZ grains become younger upsection from 900 Ma to 477 Ma. Youngest DZ grains in TH samples are ~ 490–460 Ma. Both the LH Jaishidanda Formation (Fm), and the LH Baxa Group overlie Paleoproterozoic LH rocks. The Jaishidanda Fm exhibits distinct populations of youngest DZ peaks, 475–550 Ma, and 800–1000 Ma. The Baxa Group (Manas, Pangsari, and Phuntsholing formations) contains youngest DZ peaks at both 500–525 Ma and 0.9–1.0 Ga. However, most samples from the Baxa Group in western Bhutan contain no grains younger than 1.8 Ga. Samples from the LH Paro Fm, which sits directly under the MCT in western Bhutan, have youngest DZ peaks at 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.7, 1.8 Ga. eNd values generally match DZ spectra, with samples that contain old, youngest grain populations corresponding to more negative eNd signatures. The Paro Fm is an exception where eNd (0) values from quartzite samples are quite negative (− 19 to − 24) whereas the eNd (0) values from interbedded schist contain younger detritus (− 12 to − 17). δ 13 C values from the Jaishidanda, Paro and Manas formations have δ 13 C values (− 1.8 to + 6) suggestive of deposition over late Neoproterozoic to Ordovician time. δ 13 C values from the Pangsari Fm vary from − 2.8 to + 1.8, compatible with deposition in the early- to middle Neoproterozoic. The young, latest Cambrian–Ordovician grains preserved in TH, GH and LH rocks suggest that the late Cambrian–Ordovician orogeny, documented in GH rocks throughout the orogen, served as a significant sediment source in Bhutan.
Impact of phasor measurements on state estimation

Synchronized phasor measurements are rapidly becoming commonly available in power transmission systems. Their availability impacts the performance of several application functions which rely on real-time measurements. In this paper, the impact of synchronized phasor measurements on the state estimation function will be described. The paper will cover issues related to the problem formulation, optimal placement of the synchronized phasor measurements for network observability, bad data detection and parameter error identification. Different types of available phasor measurement units and ways of accounting for these differences when placing these units will also be discussed.
Novel cytochrome P450s, CYP6BB1 and CYP6P10, from the salt marsh mosquito Aedes sollicitans (Walker) (Diptera: Culicidae).

Based on the conserved heme-binding region and the charge pair consensus of insect cytochrome P450s, two novel full-length P450 cDNAs, CYP6BB1 and CYP6P10, were cloned from the salt marsh mosquito Aedes sollicitans (Walker). CYP6BB1 and CYP6P10 had open reading frames of 1,518 and 1,521 nucleotides encoding 506 and 507 amino acid residue proteins, respectively. Several alleles with amino acid substitutions were found both in CYP6BB1 and CYP6P10. The deduced proteins are typical microsomal P450s sharing signature sequences with other insect CYP6 P450s. Sequence analysis showed that both CYP6BB1 and CYP6P10 shared highest sequence identities with P450 CYP6P4, 56% and 65%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed both CYP6BB1 and CYP6P10 were grouped into the clade containing several P450s from subfamily CYP6P. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed CYP6BB1 but not CYP6P10 transcription in females was significantly increased 24 h after a blood meal. Neither CYP6BB1 nor CYP6P10 were life stage or gender specific. Protein expression experiments are needed to determine the functions of these proteins. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Selective inhibition of cytomegaloviruses by 9-(3′-ethylphosphono-1′-hydroxymethyl-1′-propyloxy-methyl)guanine

9-(3'-ethylphosphono-1'-hydroxymethyl-1'-propyloxy-methyl)gu anine (SR 3727A) was significantly inhibitory to strain AD169 of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizing plaque reduction and inhibition of intra- and extracellular virus yield in MRC-5 cells. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) ranged from 6-17 microM for three laboratory strains of HCMV, whereas the 50% cytotoxic doses were > 4200 microM as determined by viable cell assay and inhibition of radiolabeled precursors into DNA, RNA and protein. EC50 values against ganciclovir-sensitive clinical isolates ranged from 8-47 microM. Against two ganciclovir-resistant strains of HCMV, EC50 values of SR 3727A were 84 and 320 microM; against murine CMV (MCMV); 17 microM and against guinea pig CMV, 56 microM. SR 3727A was most effective when infected cells were treated 24 h or less after virus adsorption. BALB/c mice infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a lethal dose of MCMV were treated i.p. with 31.3, 62.5, 125, or 250 mg/kg/day of SR 3727 twice daily for 5 days beginning 4 h pre-virus inoculation. All doses were well tolerated; the 125 and 250 mg/kg/day doses significantly prevented death. In a second experiment, SR 3727 at 125 mg/kg/day markedly reduced titers of recoverable virus from spleens, kidneys, and salivary glands harvested at varying times after virus inoculation.