cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy as an adjunct to women's substance use disorder treatment: a pilot feasibility study.

Abstract This study examined mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy (MABT) feasibility as a novel adjunct to women's substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. As an individual therapy, MABT combines manual and mind–body approaches to develop interoception and self-care tools for emotion regulation. A 2-group randomized controlled trial repeated-measures design was used, comparing MABT to treatment as usual (TAU) on relapse to substance use and related health outcomes. Sixty-one women were screened for eligibility, and 46 enrolled. Participants randomized to MABT received 8 weekly MABT sessions. Results showed moderate to large effects, including significantly fewer days on substance use, the primary outcome, for MABT compared with TAU at posttest. Secondary outcomes showed improved eating disorder symptoms, depression, anxiety, dissociation, perceived stress, physical symptom frequency, and bodily dissociation for MABT compared with TAU at the 9-month follow-up. In conclusion, it is feasible to implement MABT in women's SUD treatment, and results suggest that MABT is worthy of further efficacy testing.
HMM adaptation using a phase-sensitive acoustic distortion model for environment-robust speech recognition

In this paper, we present a new approach to HMM adaptation that jointly compensates for additive and convolutive acoustic distortion in environment-robust speech recognition. The hallmark of our new approach is the use of a nonlinear, phase-sensitive model of acoustic distortion that captures phase asynchrony between clean speech and the mixing noise. In the first step of the developed algorithm, both the static and dynamic portions of the noise and channel parameters are estimated in the cepstral domain, using the speech recognizer's "feedback" information and the vector-Taylor-series linearization technique on the nonlinear phase-sensitive model. In the second step, the estimated noise and channel parameters are used to effectively adapt the static and dynamic portions of the HMM means and variances also using the linearized phase-sensitive acoustic distortion model. In the experimental evaluation using the standard Aurora 2 task, the proposed new algorithm achieves 93.3% accuracy using the clean-trained complex HMM backend as the baseline system for unsupervised HMM adaptation. This reaches the highest performance number in the literature on this task with clean-trained HMM model. The experimental results show that the phase term, which was missing in all previous HMM-adaptation work, contributes significantly to the achieved high recognition accuracy.
Verbal/spatial task expectations in written instruction

Summary. In two experiments, high school students studied a map-prose combination under instructions to expect either a spatial/locational or verbal/event post-test over the target material. Control groups received no expectation instructions. In general, test expectation instructions significantly influenced the kinds of information students were able to recall on a spatially or verbally cued post-test. In the first study, people who expected a verbal test recalled significantly fewer location items, whereas people expecting a spatial test produced superior location recall. In the second study, students in both verbal and spatial expectation groups outperformed the control condition on specifically cued items. These data suggest that the type of instructional test expectation a student is exposed to can have a major effect on the way in which instruction will be processed and studied.
Intent to Stay in Teaching Teachers of Students with Emotional Disorders Versus Other Special Educators

LISREL ANALYSES WERE USED TO EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF WORK-RELATED VARIABLES ON TWO GROUPS OF SPECIAL EDUCATORS' INTENT TO STAY IN TEACHING. THE FINAL SAMPLE INCLUDED 658 SPECIAL EDUCATORS (159 TEACHERS OF STUDENTS WITH EMOTIONAL DISORDERS AND 499 SPECIAL EDUCATORS FROM OTHER SPECIAL EDUCATION AREAS). RESULTS INDICATED THAT FOR BOTH GROUPS OF TEACHERS, THE MOST IMPORTANT DETERMINANT OF INTENT TO STAY IN TEACHING WAS WORKPLACE CONDITIONS. FOR BOTH GROUPS, JOB SATISFACTION HAD THE STRONGEST DIRECT POSITIVE EFFECT ON INTENT TO STAY AND ROLE-RELATED PROBLEMS HAD NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON INTENT TO STAY. PRINCIPAL SUPPORT INFLUENCED INTENT INDIRECTLY THROUGH ROLE-RELATED PROBLEMS AND JOB SATISFACTION. FURTHER, STRESS HAD AN ADVERSE INDIRECT EFFECT ON INTENT TO STAY THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AND PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT.
Temperature Dependence of Transport Properties of Liquid Sodium and Potassium

The electrical and thermal resistivities of liquid Na and K are calculated over a range of temperature at and above the melting point using the solutions of the Boltzmann equation, the form factors constructed using the Dagens-Rasolt-Taylor (DRT) model potential, the screening function of Geldart and Taylor and the X-ray structure factors of Waseda. The ratio of the electrical and the thermal resistivities is compared with the Wiedemann-Franz law and with experiment. We show that the deviation from the Lorenz number can be explained by the inelastic part of the electron-phonon scattering and the electron-electron scattering.
On-chip spectroscopy using compact silicon microring resonators integrated with microfluidic channels

We demonstrate on-chip absorption spectroscopy using silicon microring resonators with integrated microfluidic channels. Using a 40 mum radius resonator with Q>15,000 we show absorption spectra of less than 90 nL volumes of water and methanol from 1460 nm-1560 nm.
Mapping the pseudopotential well for all values of the Mathieu parameter q in digital and sinusoidal ion traps

Abstract Previously our group developed spreadsheet based programs for facile production of stability diagrams because any change in the duty cycle of the rectangular waveforms changes their shape. In this publication, these programs have been extended to calculate the pseudopotential well depth of quadrupolar fields in each orthogonal direction for all values of the Mathieu parameter, q. These results were extended to 3D sinusoidal ion traps and the map of the pseudopotential well depth as a function of q was compared to the literature for validation. The duty cycle of digital ion trap waveforms was then varied to observe the change in the pseudopotential wells in each direction. Duty cycle was then manipulated with the goal of enhancing the capabilities and performance of the ion traps.
A two-site mechanism for ATP hydrolysis by the asymmetric Rep dimer P2S as revealed by site-specific inhibition with ADP-A1F4.

The Escherichia coli Rep helicase is a dimeric motor protein that catalyzes the transient unwinding of duplex DNA to form single-stranded (ss) DNA using energy derived from the binding and hydrolysis of ATP. In an effort to understand this mechanism of energy transduction, we have used pre-steady-state methods to study the kinetics of ATP binding and hydrolysis by an important intermediate in the DNA unwinding reactionsthe asymmetric Rep dimer state, P2S, where ss DNA (dT(pT)15) is bound to only one subunit of the Rep dimer. To differentiate between the two potential ATPase active sites inherent in the dimer, we constructed dimers with one subunit covalently cross-linked to ss DNA and where one or the other of the ATPase sites was selectively complexed to the tightly bound transition state analog ADP-AlF4. We found that when ADP-AlF4 is bound to the Rep subunit in trans from the subunit bound to ss DNA, steady-state ATPase activity of 18 s -1 per dimer (equivalent to wild-type P2S) was recovered. However, when the ADP-AlF4 and ss DNA are both bound to the same subunit (cis), then a titratable burst of ATP hydrolysis is observed corresponding to a single turnover of ATP. Rapid chemical quenched-flow techniques were used to resolve the following minimal mechanism for ATP hydrolysis by the unligated Rep subunit of the cis dimer: E + ATP a E-ATP a E'-ATP a E'- ADP-Pi a E-ADP-Pi a E-ADP + Pi a E + ADP + Pi, with K1 ) (2.0 ( 0.85) 10 5 M -1 , k2 ) 22 ( 3.5 s -1 , k-2 200 s -1 ), k4 ) 1.2 ( 0.14 s -1 , k-4 << 1.2 s -1 , K5 ) 1.0 ( 0.2 mM, and K6 ) 80 ( 8 IM. A salient feature of this mechanism is the presence of a kinetically trapped long-lived tight nucleotide binding state, E '-ADP-Pi. In the context of our "subunit switching" model for Rep dimer translocation during processive DNA unwinding (Bjornson, K. B., Wong, I., & Lohman, T. M. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 263, 411-422), this state may serve an energy storage function, allowing the energy from the binding and hydrolysis of ATP to be harnessed and held in reserve for DNA unwinding.
Distinct patterns of SSR distribution in the Arabidopsis thaliana and rice genomes

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in DNA have been traditionally thought of as functionally unimportant and have been studied mainly as genetic markers. A recent handful of studies have shown, however, that SSRs in different positions of a gene can play important roles in determining protein function, genetic development, and regulation of gene expression. We have performed a detailed comparative study of the distribution of SSRs in the sequenced genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. SSRs in different genic regions - 5'untranslated region (UTR), 3'UTR, exon, and intron - show distinct patterns of distribution both within and between the two genomes. Especially notable is the much higher density of SSRs in 5'UTRs compared to the other regions and a strong affinity towards trinucleotide repeats in these regions for both rice and Arabidopsis. On a genomic level, mononucleotide repeats are the most prevalent type of SSRs in Arabidopsis and trinucleotide repeats are the most prevalent type in rice. Both plants have the same most common mononucleotide (A/T) and dinucleotide (AT and AG) repeats, but have little in common for the other types of repeats. Our work provides insight into the evolution and distribution of SSRs in the two sequenced model plant genomes of monocots and dicots. Our analyses reveal that the distributions of SSRs appear highly non-random and vary a great deal in different regions of the genes in the genomes.
General method for cloning amplified DNA by differential screening with genomic probes

Abstract Mutant Syrian hamster cell lines resistant to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, a potent and specific inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamylase, have amplified the gene coding for the multifunctional protein (CAD) that includes this activity. The average amount of DNA amplified is approximately 500 kilobases per gene copy, about 20 times the length of the CAD gene itself. A differential screening method which uses genomic DNAs as probes was developed to isolate recombinant phage containing fragments of amplified DNA. One probe was prepared by reassociating fragments of total genomic DNA from 165-28, a mutant cell line with 190 times the wild-type complement of CAD genes, until all of the sequences repeated about 200 times were annealed and then isolating the double-stranded DNA with hydroxyapatite.This DNA was highly enriched in sequences from the entire amplified region, whereas the same sequences were very rare in DNA prepared similarly from wild-type cells. After both DNAs were labeled by nick translation, highly repeated sequences were removed by hybridization to immobilized total genomic DNA from wild-type cells. A library of cloned DNA fragments from mutant 165-28 was screened with both probes, and nine independent fragments containing about 165 kilobases of amplified DNA, including the CAD gene, have been isolated so far. These cloned DNAs can be used to study the structure of the amplified region, to evaluate the nature of the amplification event, and to investigate gene expression from the amplified DNA. For example, one amplified fragment included a gene coding for a 3.8-kilobase, cytoplasmic, polyadenylated RNA which was overproduced greatly in cells resistant to N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate. The method for cloning amplified DNA is general and can be used to evaluate the possible involvement of gene amplification in phenomena such as drug resistance, transformation, or differentiation. DNA fragments corresponding to any region amplified about 10-fold or more can be cloned, even if no function for the region is known. The method for removing highly repetitive sequences from genomic DNA probes should also be of general use.
Obesity-Initiated Metabolic Syndrome and the Kidney: A Recipe for Chronic Kidney Disease?

Metabolic syndrome, originally described in 1988 as “syndrome X” by Reaven et al. ([1][1]), has evolved in our collective thinking from a vague association of common chronic disease states to a formally defined cluster of clinical traits with adverse impact on cardiovascular risk ([2][2]). The
Diatom Indicators of Stream and Wetland Stressors in a Risk Management Framework

Ecological risk assessment and risk management call for "state-of-the-science" methods and sound scientific assessments of ecosystem health and stressor effects. In this paper recent developments of periphyton indicators of biotic integrity and ecosystem stressors of streams and wetlands are related in a framework of ecological metrics that can be used to quantify risk assessment and risk management options. Many periphyton metrics have been employed in past assessments of water quality and a periphyton indices of biotic integrity has been applied by the state of Kentucky. In addition, the sensitivity of species composition of periphytic diatom assemblages has been shown to respond predictably to ecological stressors so that specific pH, conductivity, and total phosphorus in wetlands and streams can be inferred with weighted average indices. Inference of nutrient conditions by diatom indicators of total phosphorus is shown to have sufficient precision to be a valuable complement to one-time measurement of highly variable total phosphorus in streams. Quantitative indices of sustainability and restorability of ecosystem integrity are proposed, respectively, as the changes in ecological conditions that can occur without significant change in ecological integrity or changes that are necessary to restore ecological integrity.
Collaborative 3D Target Tracking in Distributed Smart Camera Networks for Wide-Area Surveillance

With the evolution and fusion of wireless sensor network and embedded camera technologies, distributed smart camera networks have emerged as a new class of systems for wide-area surveillance applications. Wireless networks, however, introduce a number of constraints to the system that need to be considered, notably the communication bandwidth constraints. Existing approaches for target tracking using a camera network typically utilize target handover mechanisms between cameras, or combine results from 2D trackers in each camera into 3D target estimation. Such approaches suffer from scale selection, target rotation, and occlusion, drawbacks typically associated with 2D tracking. In this paper, we present an approach for tracking multiple targets directly in 3D space using a network of smart cameras. The approach employs multi-view histograms to characterize targets in 3D space using color and texture as the visual features. The visual features from each camera along with the target models are used in a probabilistic tracker to estimate the target state. We introduce four variations of our base tracker that incur different computational and communication costs on each node and result in different tracking accuracy. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed trackers by comparing their performance to a 3D tracker that fuses the results of independent 2D trackers. We also present performance analysis of the base tracker along Quality-of-Service (QoS) and Quality-of-Information (QoI) metrics, and study QoS vs. QoI trade-offs between the proposed tracker variations. Finally, we demonstrate our tracker in a real-life scenario using a camera network deployed in a building.
A FIELD STUDY OF ORNAMENTS, BODY SIZE, AND MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE GAMBEL'S QUAIL

Male Gambel's Quail (Callipepla gambelii) have strikingly ornate plumage. Yet, captive experiments indicate that removing multiple ornaments does not necessarily alter patterns of female mate choice or male-male competition. To test these unexpected results, I observed a wild population of banded quail for three seasons to determine ornamental and body size traits associated with pairing date and winners of male contests. I also documented mating behaviors (e.g., pairing date, mate fidelity, brood size). Consistent with captive studies, male mass, rather than ornate plumage, was the primary feature related to winners of male contests and early pairing. Heavier males paired earlier, regardless of age, but did not exhibit significantly larger ornaments. Adults of both sexes were heavier and paired earlier than yearlings. Early pairing also correlated positively with brood size, suggesting that heavy, early nesting birds experienced greater fitness. Mating behaviors were flexible across seasons. Social monogamy decreased from 83% in 1996 to 30% in 1998, while polygamy (sequential, long term pairings) increased, particularly among yearlings and adult males. Adult females were equally likely to exhibit social monogamy or polygamy each season. They also exhibited the highest frequency of early pairing and the greatest keel scores (a general measure of condition), suggesting their capacity for breeding was high. At least two adult females abandoned their first mate after hatching and re-paired, in an apparent attempt to double brood.
Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain visualization

This article introduces a previously undescribed method progressively visualizing the evolution of a knowledge domain's cocitation network. The method first derives a sequence of cocitation networks from a series of equal-length time interval slices. These time-registered networks are merged and visualized in a panoramic view in such a way that intellectually significant articles can be identified based on their visually salient features. The method is applied to a cocitation study of the superstring field in theoretical physics. The study focuses on the search of articles that triggered two superstring revolutions. Visually salient nodes in the panoramic view are identified, and the nature of their intellectual contributions is validated by leading scientists in the field. The analysis has demonstrated that a search for intellectual turning points can be narrowed down to visually salient nodes in the visualized network. The method provides a promising way to simplify otherwise cognitively demanding tasks to a search for landmarks, pivots, and hubs.
Potential improvement of classifier accuracy by using fuzzy measures

Typical digit recognizers classify an unknown digit pattern by computing its distance from the cluster centers in a feature space. In this paper, we propose a methodology that has many salient aspects. First, the classification rule is dependent on the "difficulty" of the unknown sample. Samples "far" from the center, which tend to fall on the boundaries of classes are error prone and, hence, "difficult". An "overlapping zone" is defined in the feature space to identify such difficult samples. A table is precomputed to facilitate an efficient lookup of the class corresponding to all the points in the overlapping zone. The lookup function itself is defined by a modification of the KNN rule. A characteristic function defining the new boundaries is computed using the topology of the set of samples in the overlapping zones. Our two-pronged approach uses different classification schemes with the "difficult" and "easy" samples. The method described has improved the performance of the gradient structural concavity digit recognizer described by Favata et al. (1996).
Improved histograms for selectivity estimation of range predicates

Many commercial database systems maintain histograms to summarize the contents of relations and permit efficient estimation of query result sizes and access plan costs. Although several types of histograms have been proposed in the past, there has never been a systematic study of all histogram aspects, the available choices for each aspect, and the impact of such choices on histogram effectiveness. In this paper, we provide a taxonomy of histograms that captures all previously proposed histogram types and indicates many new possibilities. We introduce novel choices for several of the taxonomy dimensions, and derive new histogram types by combining choices in effective ways. We also show how sampling techniques can be used to reduce the cost of histogram construction. Finally, we present results from an empirical study of the proposed histogram types used in selectivity estimation of range predicates and identify the histogram types that have the best overall performance.
Jaundice: Five-and-a-half decades in historic perspective. Selected aspects

In 1923, while a junior student at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, I read a critical review by J. W. McNee (Figure 1) on “Recent Work on Jaundice,” which had just appeared in the Quarterly Journal of Medicine.’ This review, which was largely responsible for calling attention to the Van den Bergh test* (Figure 2), and its importance sparked an interest in the subject which has persisted throughout the years. Since McNee’s classical publication, much progress has been made in our understanding of jaundice and liver disease in general. Newer developments, particularly in the fields of biochemistry, physiology, pathology, immunology, epidemiology, roentgenology, and surgery, have all contributed to this progress.
Correlates of Object Permanence and Constancy to Depressive Phenomena

Many theories trace depression and depressive-like phenomena to some deviation, whether cognitive or affective, during the emergence of the self. Since the self is created by interactions with the environment, it is imperative to understand how infants and children develop in their relations with animate and inanimate objects. Through the impact of objects on a growing child’s representational abilities, an interactional style will evolve, shaping cognitive and affective development. Moreover, the interactional style that the infant brings to the world of objects may ultimately determine his or her vulnerability to depression.
Single Molecule Photon Trajectories and Transition Paths in Protein Folding

Photon trajectories of immobilized single protein molecules labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores have been measured to locate transitions between folded and unfolded states, with the goal of measuring transition path times.
Reducing Block Copolymer Interfacial Widths through Polymer Additives

There is a need to design new materials to achieve smaller pitches and reduced interfacial widths for block copolymer (BCP) lithography. One option is the use of blends, where the addition of a homopolymer which selectively associates to one of the blocks results in the increase in the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) between the two phases. In order to explore the effect of this approach on the interfacial width between BCP components, poly(vinylphenol) (PVPH) was added to polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA). Multilayers of this blend were characterized using resonant soft X-ray reflectivity (RSoXR), a measurement that allows the contrast between PS, PMMA, and PVPH to be selectively tuned by varying the beam energy. RSoXR measurements confirmed that PVPH is uniformly distributed throughout the PMMA block. The interfacial width of the block was reduced by 20% upon the addition of a mass fraction of 8% PVPH. The interfacial width of homopolymer bilayers was also investigated in order...
Evaluation of methods to predict Weibull parameters for characterizing diameter distributions

Compared with other distribution functions, the Weibull distribution has been more widely used in describing diameter distributions because of its flexibility and relative simplicity. Parameters of the Weibull distribution are generally predicted either by the parameter prediction method or by the parameter recovery method. The coefficients of the regression equations for predicting Weibull parameters, moments, or percentiles are often estimated by use of different approaches such as ordinary least squares, seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), or cumulative distribution function regression (CDFR). However, there is no strong rationale for preferring one method over the other. We developed and evaluated different methods of predicting parameters of Weibull distribution to characterize diameter distribution using data from the Southwide Seed Source Study. The SUR and the CDFR approaches were applied to 10 different parameter prediction and parameter recovery methods. A modified CDFR approach was developed by modifying the CDFR technique such that the CDF is computed using information from diameter classes instead of individual trees as in the CDFR approach. These methods were evaluated based on four goodness-of-fit statistics (Anderson-Darling, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, negative log-likelihood, and error index). The CDFR approach provided better results than the SUR approach for all methods. The modified CDFR approach consistently provided better results than the SUR approach and was superior to the CDFR approach in all evaluation statistics but the Anderson-Darling statistic. FOR .S CI. 59(2): 243-252.
Three-dimensional nonlinear algorithm to determine depth-resolved phase retardation

A nonlinear algorithm was developed to determine depth-resolved phase retardation. The robustness of the algorithm was verified using simulated polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) data on the Poincare sphere.
Comparison of recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and epsilon amino caproic acid in a hemorrhagic rabbit model.

A rabbit ear model of blood loss was developed to compare the effects of an active form of recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (rPAI-1) with epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA) in antagonizing tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA)-induced blood loss. The antagonism of both rebleeding, which occurs as a result of hemostatic plug degradation, and r-tPA-induced hemorrhage, where rabbits lose approximately 30% of their blood volume, was studied. rPAI-1 (1 mg/kg i.v.) or EACA (70 mg/kg i.v.) antagonized the rebleeding induced by r-tPA (10 micrograms kg-1 min-1) to a similar extent. In the hemorrhagic studies, rPAI-1 effectively antagonized the r-tPA-induced hemorrhage with an ED50 of 3 mg/kg i.v., while the ED50 obtained for EACA was 230 mg/kg i.v. rPAI-1 may be of value in reversing r-tPA-induced blood loss during thrombolytic therapy or in clinical situations where excessive fibrinolysis contributes to bleeding.
Revision of the Nearctic Eratigena and Tegenaria species (Araneae: Agelenidae)

Abstract Based on specimens from several museum collections and recently sampled spiders during a field excursion to Mexico in 2014, the 11 species of Tegenaria s. l. endemic to the United States of America and Mexico are revised. Morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA sequences (CO1, NADH1, 16S) serve as the basis for proposed new combinations and new species. Tegenaria chiricahuae Roth, 1968 remains the only endemic Tegenaria species in the Western Hemisphere. All other specific names (T. blanda Gertsch, 1971, T. caverna Gertsch, 1971, T. decora Gertsch, 1971, T. flexuosa F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1902, T. florea Brignoli, 1974, T. gertschi Roth, 1968, T. mexicana Roth, 1968, T. rothi Gertsch, 1971, T. selva Roth, 1968, and T. tlaxcala Roth, 1968) are transferred to the genus Eratigena Bolzern, Burckhardt & Hanggi, 2013. Six new species are described: E. edmundoi, E. fernandoi, E. guanato, E. queretaro, E. xilitla, and E. yarini. In addition, females of E. flexuosa, and E. gertschi, and the male o...
Present chemical composition of the atmosphere

Units for chemical abundance Before discussing the chemical composition of the atmosphere, we need to describe the various units that can be used for expressing the amounts (or abundances) of chemicals in the atmosphere. The most common unit for expressing the abundance of gases in air is mixing ratio by volume that is, the fraction of the volume of the air occupied by a gas. Depending on the magnitude of the mixing ratio, the most convenient units can be percent by volume, parts per million by volume (ppmv),parts per billion by volume (ppbv), or parts per trillion by volume (pptv), where, 1 ppmv = 1 unit of volume per 10 6 units (or 10 −6 ), I ppbv = 1 unit of volume per 10 9 units (or 10 −9 ), and 1 pptv = 1 unit of volume per 10 12 units (or 10 −12 ). Note that we use the American definitions of billion (10 9 ) and trillion (10 12 ). It is very convenient to express the abundance of a gas as a mixing ratio by volume, because, from the gas equation, we know that the volumes occupied by different gases at the same temperature and pressure are proportional to the numbers of molecules of the gases.
Students as Protégés: Factors That Lead to Success

This study provides insight into the factors that influence satisfaction with an Internet-based practitioner–student mentoring relationship that is part of an undergraduate business school curriculum. Practitioner mentors are especially important because they can help student proteges learn the skills needed for their professional development, encourage the formation of professional networks, and enhance the proteges’ satisfaction with their education. In this study, we examine a number of factors that can potentially influence satisfaction with the mentoring relationship, including the protege’s networking to find a mentor, protege trust in the mentor, protege self-disclosure, the level of protege understanding of the mentoring program’s objectives, and how effectively the mentor serves as a role model. Hypotheses were tested through a structural equation model. The results showed that mentoring relationship satisfaction was positively associated with networking to find a mentor, trust in the mentor, pro...
Obstetric Brachial Palsy Recovery Mechanism

A group of 162 infants (aged 4-14 months) with obstetric brachial palsy (OBP) and a group of 184 child and adult patients (aged 6-74 years) with a traumatic brachial plexus lesion were compared, using an EMG and nerve-conduction-study protocol, developed since 1985 at the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Atrium Medisch Centrum, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Advances in How We Prioritize Liver Allocation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the USA

Treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have changed significantly, beginning in 1994 with the establishment of successful long-term outcomes for HCC patients within Milan criteria who went on to receive liver transplantation (LT). Improved outcomes for patients with HCC undergoing LT led to challenges in determining the optimal liver allocation policy, which could provide relatively equal access for patients with and without HCC in the face of a long-standing critical shortage of available donor organs. United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (UNOS/OPTN) policy changes have aimed to optimize data collection for patients transplanted with HCC, improve the diagnostic criteria required for HCC, and reduce the disparity in access to transplantation for HCC and non-HCC patients observed between high- and low-model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) regions. Although current understanding of HCC tumor biology remains suboptimal, continued careful analysis of waitlist and post-transplant outcomes for both HCC and non-HCC patients combined with refinements to the allocation policy will hopefully result in improved survival both for waitlisted and post-transplant patients.
AXL modulates extracellular matrix protein expression and is essential for invasion and metastasis in endometrial cancer.

// Laura M. Divine 1, * , Mai R. Nguyen 1, * , Eric Meller 1 , Riva A. Desai 1 , Batool Arif 1 , Erinn B. Rankin 2, 3 , Katherine H. Bligard 1 , Cherise Meyerson 4 , Ian S. Hagemann 1, 4 , Maria Massad 1 , Premal H. Thaker 1 , Andrea R. Hagemann 1 , Carolyn K. McCourt 1 , Matt A. Powell 1 , David G. Mutch 1 , Katherine C. Fuh 1, 5 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 2 Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA 4 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 5 Center for Reproductive Health Sciences (CRepHS), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Katherine C. Fuh, email: kfuh@wudosis.wustl.edu Keywords: AXL, endometrial cancer, uPA, MMP, ARK1 Received: May 12, 2016 Accepted: September 24, 2016 Published: October 13, 2016 ABSTRACT The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL promotes migration, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we evaluated the role of AXL in endometrial cancer. High immunohistochemical expression of AXL was found in 76% (63/83) of advanced-stage, and 77% (82/107) of high-grade specimens and correlated with worse survival in uterine serous cancer patients. In vitro , genetic silencing of AXL inhibited migration and invasion but had no effect on proliferation of ARK1 endometrial cancer cells. AXL-deficient cells showed significantly decreased expression of phospho-AKT as well as uPA, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9. In a xenograft model of human uterine serous carcinoma with AXL-deficient ARK1 cells, there was significantly less tumor burden than xenografts with control ARK1 cells. Together, these findings underscore the therapeutic potentials of AXL as a candidate target for treatment of metastatic endometrial cancer.
Stuck in Place: Law and the Economic Consequences of Residential Stability

America has become a nation of homebodies. Rates of inter-state mobility, by most estimates, have been falling for decades. Even research that does not find a general decline finds that inter-state mobility rates are low among disadvantaged groups and are not increasing despite a growing connection between moving and economic opportunity. Perhaps more important than changes in overall mobility rates are declines in mobility in situations and places where it is particularly important. People are not leaving areas hit by economic crises, with unemployment rates and low wages lingering in these areas for decades. And people are not moving to rich regions where the highest wages are available. This Article advances two central claims. First, declining inter-state mobility rates create problems for federal macroeconomic policy-making. Low rates of inter-state mobility make it harder for the Federal Reserve to meet both sides of its “dual mandate” of stable prices and maximum employment; impair the efficacy and affordability of federal safety net programs that rely on state and local participation; and reduce both levels of wealth and rates of growth by inhibiting agglomeration economies. While determining an optimal rate of inter-state mobility is difficult, policies that unnaturally inhibit inter-state moves worsen national economic problems. Second, the Article argues that governments, mostly at the state and local levels, have created a huge number of legal barriers to inter-state mobility. Land-use laws and occupational licensing regimes limit entry into local and state labor markets; differing eligibility standards for public benefits, public employee pension policies, homeownership subsidies, state and local tax regimes, and even basic property law rules reduce exit from states and cities with less opportunity; and building codes, mobile home bans, federal location-based subsidies, legal constraints on knocking down houses and the problematic structure of Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy all limit the capacity of failing cities to “shrink” gracefully, directly reducing exit among some populations and increasing the economic and social costs of entry limits elsewhere. Put together, the Article shows that big questions of macroeconomic policy and performance turn on the content of state and local policies usually analyzed using microeconomic tools. Many of the legal barriers to inter-state mobility emerged or became stricter during the period in which inter-state mobility declined. While assigning causality is difficult, public policies developed by state and local governments more interested in local population stability than in ensuring successful macroeconomic conditions either generated or did not push back against falling mobility rates. The Article concludes by suggesting ways the federal government could address falling mobility rates.
Perceived cultural distance and international destination choice: The role of destination familiarity, geographic distance, and cultural motivation

Abstract Cultural distance is a key factor in international tourism. This study aims to use the perceptual measure of cultural distance to investigate: (1) the impact of destination familiarity and geographic distance on perceived cultural distance (PCD); and (2) the moderating effect of cultural motivation on PCD and Chinese potential outbound tourists’ international destination choices. Findings reveal that while destination familiarity and geographic distance are important antecedents of PCD, PCD has no significant impact on international destination choice. When moderated by cultural motivation, however, PCD exerts a positive impact on destination choice for respondents with a higher level of cultural motivation and a negative impact on those with a lower level of cultural motivation. In closing, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
New tools, new human niches: The significance of the Dalton adze and the origin of heavy-duty woodworking in the Middle Mississippi Valley of North America

Abstract Innovations in tool technology during the early Holocene in the North American midcontinent are related to construction of a new human niche focusing on woodlands, water travel, and improved aquatic and terrestrial resources. Production and use of early Holocene Dalton adzes and other tools from sites and caches exemplify these adaptations. Subsistence remains are not abundant, but microwear and technological analyses of flaked stone tools can be used to infer production of dugout canoes and document trends that reflect new sustainable and resilient lifeways and complex social networks. The functions of tools from Dalton sites and tool caches in Illinois and Arkansas are contrasted with typical Clovis tools. Technological and microwear analyses reveals that the Dalton adze was made and used for heavy-duty woodworking—felling trees and likely for manufacturing dugout canoes. Dalton toolkits are highly formalized, consisting of adzes, scrapers, awls, and points used both as projectiles and knives. Large distinctive Sloan points were exchanged within emerging Dalton social networks. Dalton toolkits, often considered late PaleoIndian, are part of an Early Archaic horizon. New tools helped Dalton groups to create new niches as they settled into new woodland and riverine landscapes and laid the foundation for later Archaic and Woodland socio-economic systems.
Ecology and behavior of the primitive cryptobiotic ant Prionopelta amabilis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

We report here the first detailed account of a member ofPrionopelta, a pantropical genus possessing the smallest workers in the primitive ant tribe Amblyoponini. 1. Colonies ofP. amabilis were found nesting in small rotting logs and tree branches on the floor of primary rain forest in Costa Rica. Two that were more carefully excavated possessed a single dealate queen and a worker population unusually large for Amblyoponini. One of the latter colonies, which was in the process of eclosing alate queens (during late March), contained over 700 workers. 2. P. amabilis workers prey preferentially on campodeid diplurans, although they also accept (less readily) a limited variety of other small arthropods. The prey are given directly to the larger larvae. The queen is fed trophic eggs which we infer to have been laid by the workers. 3. A moderately well-marked temporal division of labor occurs, thus distinguishingP. amabilis fromAmblyopone pallipes, the only other amblyoponine hitherto studied in this regard. Younger workers attend the brood and queen, forming a retinue around the latter individual. Older workers are more active in foraging. As expected, the ovaries are better developed in workers associated with the queen than in foragers. 4. Emigration to nest sites is conducted individually, with the workers carrying brood but not other adult nestmates. A foot-dragging behavior, possibly associated with trail-laying, is described. Alarm pheromones are apparently absent. 5. A unique “wall-papering” behavior was also discovered: the workers line the pupal chambers with fragments of discarded pupal cocoons, rendering these spaces drier and hence presumably more suitable for pupal occupation.
Sweet, Sweet Science: Addressing the Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines through a One-Day High School Program in Sugar Chemistry

Reported herein is the design, implementation, and evaluation of a full-day outreach program for high school girls that focuses entirely on sugar-related activities. The program, which we ran in February 2016 and February 2017, included multiple hands-on sugar-based experiments to increase the participants’ interest in and enthusiasm for science. The success of the program was quantitatively evaluated through the administration of precamp and postcamp surveys. Overall, the survey results indicated a statistically significant improvement in responses in one of the two program years, which corresponds to success in changing the participants’ attitudes regarding the practical applicability of science and in increasing their interest in pursuing scientific careers.
Dermatologic Therapy and Procedures

Because the skin is so accessible, it can be treated with a variety of therapeutic options not available for use in diseases of internal organs. Drugs for dermatologic therapy can be administered topically, intralesionally, and systemically. In addition, physical modalities such as ultraviolet (UV) and ionizing radiation, surgery, laser, and cryotherapy can be easily administered.
Three essays on the economics of information systems

My dissertation contains three studies centering on the question: how to motivate people to share high quality information on online information aggregation systems, also known as social computing systems? I take a social scientific approach to identify the strategic behavior of individuals in information systems, and analyze how non-monetary incentive schemes motivate information provision. In my first study, I use statistical modeling to infer users' information provision strategies from their actions. Information system users' strategies for contribution (e.g., I only contribute if others have contributed a certain amount) are often not directly observable, but identifying their strategies is useful in system design. With my co-authors, Jeffrey MacKie-Mason and Paul Resnick, I constructed a maximum likelihood model with simultaneous equations to estimate strategic feedback reciprocation (i.e., I only provide feedback if you give me feedback first) among the traders on eBay. We found about 23% of the traders strategically reciprocate feedback. In my second study, I focus on truthful provision of information in information markets — markets in which the participants trade bets about future events. The resulting market price reflects an aggregated prediction for the event. Theory predicts that when traders' private information is substitutable — contains similar information — they profit most by trading honestly. But when traders' private information is complementary — contains exclusively different information — traders are better off bluffing, i.e., first trading dishonestly to mislead others and later profiting from others' mistakes. Using human-subject experiments, my co-author Rahul Sami and I found traders indeed bluff more in markets with complements than in markets with substitutes. In my third study, I use game theory to analyze two non-monetary mechanisms for motivating information provision: the minimum threshold mechanism (MTM), under which one can access the public goods if she contributes more than a threshold, and the ratio mechanism (RM), under which a user consumes at most an amount proportional to her contribution level. I found whenever RM can achieve the social optimum, MTM can achieve the same. Furthermore, if RM implements a no-exclusion equilibrium, the same outcome can always be implemented by MTM.
Depathologizing Asian American Perspectives of Health and Healing.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this literature review is to analyze how culture, both western and Asian, affect the characterization of Asian Americans in mental health. FINDINGS: Asian Americans are pathologized by the current Western health care system in two primary areasc somatization and dependency. The diagnosis of somatization contributes to the stereotyping of Asian Americans as hypochondriacal and alexythymics the dependency characterization fosters the belief that Asian Americans are physcoloically immature and unsophisicated. Due to these perceptions, mental health services do not adequately serve the needs of Asian Americans. CONCLUSIONS: A cultural perspective of indigenous Asian values and specific diagnositic terminology explains these differences in Asian American practices of health and healing.
Construction and Characterization of an Indoor Smog Chamber for Measuring the Optical and Physicochemical Properties of Aging Biomass Burning Aerosols

ABSTRACT We describe here the construction and characterization of a new combustion-chamber system (the NCAT chamber) for studying the optical and physicochemical properties of biomass burning (BB) aerosols. This system is composed of a ~9 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film reactor placed in a temperature-controlled room that uses a tube furnace to combust biomass fuel samples under controlled conditions. The optical properties are measured using a cavity ring-down spectrometer and nephelometer. Aerosol number density and size classification used condensation particle counter, and differential mobility analyzer. Other analytical instruments, used include NOx, O3, CO, and CO2 analyzers, a gas chromatograph, and particle filter samples for determining the physicochemical and morphological properties. The construction details and characterization experiments are described, including measurements of the BB particulate size distribution and deposition rate, gas wall loss rates, dilution rate, light intensity, mixing speed, temperature and humidity variations, and air purification method. The wall loss rates for NO, NO2, and O3 were found to be (7.40 ± 0.01) × 10–4, (3.47 ± 0.01) × 10–4, and (5.90 ± 0.08) × 10–4 min–1, respectively. The NO2 photolysis rate constant was 0.165 ± 0.005 min–1, which corresponds to a flux of (7.72 ± 0.25) × 1017 photons nm cm–2 s–1 for 296.0–516.8 nm, and the particle deposition rate was (9.46 ± 0.18) × 10–3 min–1 for 100 nm mobility diameter BB particles from pine. Preliminary results of the single scattering albedo of fresh and aged BB aerosols are also reported.