cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous maturation of Plasmodium berghei exo-erythrocytic forms in rats

Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei berghei (NK-65 strain) were inoculated intravenously into four-week-old CFN rats. Liver biopsies were taken at intervals and the density of exo-erythrocytic forms per mm3 of liver were estimated. Results demonstrated asynchronous maturation and the gradual disappearance of exo-erythrocytic forms during the period 48 to 72 hours after infection.
Fast Optimization Techniques Applied to Linear and Non-Linear Lattices of Electron Storage Rings and Accelerators

This paper describes a general interactive computer program, ZEN, developed to determine linear focussing parameters for CESR, the Cornell electron storage ring, and application of similar methods to non-linear elements. It is particularly suitable for lattices of electron accelerators, especially those with large numbers of independently variable focussing parameters. ZEN is a descendent of the linear lattice calculating program, MAGIC, Ref. 1, having improved interactive capability and new minimization routine, MINOP Ref. 2.
KHIR IN THE ISLAMIC TRADITION

De nombreux prophetes ont exerce une grande influence sur l'histoire. Parmi eux, Khidr dont l'histoire trouve sa source dans le chapitre 18 du Coran. Le but de l'A. est de degager les manieres dont Khidr a ete compris par les commentateurs. Il s'attache a son identite, son statut et sa pertinence. Khidr a influence l'attitude de nombreux mystiques et ascetes dans l'histoire de l'Islam
Use of Negative Air Ionization for Reducing Bacterial Pathogens and Spores on Stainless Steel Surfaces

Abstract The use of chemicals in food plant sanitation for removing and killing microorganisms could be reduced by the use of alternative nonchemical interventions. Supercharged negative air ionizers have shown potential to effectively reduce airborne and surface microorganisms. In our earlier studies, a small chamber, controlled at 85% relative humidity and supercharged with a −25 kV electrostatic space charge system (ESCS), was used to transfer a strong negative charge to bacteria on stainless steel surfaces. The ESCS treatment caused the levels of biofilm bacteria from chicken carcass rinses to be significantly decreased with 99.8% efficiency at a distance of 18 cm with ion densities of 106 negative ions/cm3 or more. In the present study, effects of the −25 kV charge of ESCS on specific pathogens important for food safety were studied. Treatment of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus achieved up to a 4 log reduction with 99.9% reduction efficiency in 3 h. Treatment of bacterial spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus achieved up to a 3 log reduction with a 99.8% reduction efficiency in 3 h. These significant reductions for 5 species of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial spores suggest that the ESCS is a promising alternative treatment for reduction of microbial load in a food-processing facility with the potential to reduce the amount of antimicrobials used.
Evidence for a special relationship between proteolysis and single cell necrosis.

A high rate of single cell necrosis is a common phenomenon in neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions, accounting for growth rates that are significantly less than the cell birth rate. We present data relating the process of protein turnover to single cell necrosis. Cells were labeled with ’H-leucine and “C-thymidine; the loss of radioactivity from the cell protein and DNA was then measured for 3-6 days. Preliminary experiments showed that cell necrosis by freeze-thawing cells did not significantly contribute to the degradation of cell proteins. Similar results were observed with dying 3T3-SV40 cells at high density. L-cells, however, showed a progressive increase in cell loss as higher cell densities were attained on the monolayer. Although proteolysis remained constant in the culture, analysis of the cells recovered from the high density monolayers showed little loss of labeled protein after adjustment for loss of label in the DNA. Three possible explanations are proposed: (1) DNA turns over with cell protein (unlikely), (2) single cell necrosis involves a special mechanism that facilitates reutilization of amino acids, or (3) single cell necrosis includes only cells that are selectively involved in protein turnover. A unique relationship between single cell necrosis and proteolysis is suggested.
Block artifact reduction using a transform-domain Markov random field model

The block-based discrete cosine transform (BDCT) is often used in image and video coding. It may introduce block artifacts at low data rates that manifest themselves as an annoying discontinuity between adjacent blocks. In this paper, we address this problem by investigating a transform-domain Markov random field (TD-MRF) model. Based on this model, two block artifact reduction postprocessing methods are presented. The first method, referred to as TD-MRF, provides an efficient progressive transform-domain solution. Our experimental results show that TD-MRF can reduce up to 90% of the computational complexity compared with spatial-domain MRF (SD-MRF) methods while still achieving comparable visual quality improvements. We then discuss a hybrid framework, referred to as TSD-MRF, that exploits the advantages of both TD-MRF and SD-MRF. The experimental results confirm that TSD-MRF can improve visual quality both objectively and subjectively over SD-MRF methods.
Aging, health, and the "electronic church".

We tested whether elders substitute religious media use for church attendance when health declines (using multidimensional disengagement theory) with data from a multiracial, population-based sample in the Bible Belt (N = 2,971). In adjusted models, 3-year declines in functional status were significantly associated with concurrent reduction in frequency of church attendance but not with any change in rates of religious media (TV/radio) use. Age-related declines in church attendance were substantively explained by declining functional ability. Changes in religious media use were independent of age and less sensitive to declining functional status or service attendance than to cultural heritage such as race, socioeconomic status, and rural upbringing. Our data do not support the hypothesis that elders with deteriorating health substitute increased engagement with religious media as their participation in organizational religious activities is reduced. However, applicability of the substitution hypothesis to other dimensions of nonorganizational religiousness (e.g., prayer) awaits similar scrutiny.
The effect of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression on neurite outgrowth from retinal explants in a permissive environment

Increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) within macroglia is commonly seen as a hallmark of glial activation after damage within the central nervous system, including the retina. The increased expression of GFAP in glia is also considered part of the pathologically inhibitory environment for regeneration of axons from damaged neurons. Recent studies have raised the possibility that reactive gliosis and increased GFAP cannot automatically be assumed to be negative events for the surrounding neurons and that the context of the reactive gliosis is critical to whether neurons benefit or suffer. We utilized transgenic mice expressing a range of Gfap to titrate the amount of GFAP in retinal explants to investigate the relationship between GFAP concentration and the regenerative potential of retinal ganglion cells. Explants from Gfap -/- and Gfap +/- mice did not have increased neurite outgrowth compared with Gfap +/+ or Gfap over-expressing mice as would be expected if GFAP was detrimental to axon regeneration. In fact, Gfap over-expressing explants had the most neurite outgrowth when treated with a neurite stimulatory media. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that neurites formed bundles, which were surrounded by larger cellular processes that were GFAP positive indicating a close association between growing axons and glial cells in this regeneration paradigm. We postulate that glial cells with increased Gfap expression support the elongation of new neurites from retinal ganglion cells possibly by providing a scaffold for outgrowth.
ComE, a Competence Protein from Neisseria gonorrhoeae with DNA-Binding Activity

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is naturally able to take up exogenous DNA and undergo genetic transformation. This ability correlates with the presence of functional type IV pili, and uptake of DNA is dependent on the presence of a specific 10-bp sequence. Among the known competence factors in N. gonorrhoeae, none has been shown to interact with the incoming DNA. Here we describe ComE, a DNA-binding protein involved in neisserial competence. The genecomE was identified through similarity searches in the gonococcal genome sequence, using as the query ComEA, the DNA receptor in competent Bacillus subtilis. The gene comEis present in four identical copies in the genomes of both N. gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, located downstream of each of the rRNA operons. Single-copy deletion ofcomE in N. gonorrhoeae did not have a measurable effect on competence, whereas serial deletions led to gradual decrease in transformation frequencies, reaching a 4 × 104-fold reduction when all copies were deleted. Transformation deficiency correlated with impaired ability to take up exogenous DNA; however, the mutants presented normal piliation and twitching motility phenotype. The product of comE has 99 amino acids, with a predicted signal peptide; by immunodetection, a 8-kDa protein corresponding to processed ComE was observed in different strains of N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Recombinant His-tagged ComE showed DNA binding activity, without any detectable sequence specificity. Thus, we identified a novel gonococcal DNA-binding competence factor which is necessary for DNA uptake and does not affect pilus biogenesis or function.
Swinging from the hip: use of dynamic motion optimization in the design of robotic gait rehabilitation

We examine a method to control the stepping motion of a paralyzed person suspended on a treadmill using a robot attached to the torso and hips. A leg swing motion is created by moving the hips without contact with the legs. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem for an underactuated articulated chain. The optimal control problem is converted into a discrete parameter optimization and an efficient gradient-based algorithm is used to solve it. Motion capture data from a human subject is compared to the results from the dynamic motion optimization. Our results indicate that it is possible for the robot to create a gait for the paralyzed person that is close to that of an unimpaired subject.
Soft-tissue images. Bilateral large iliac artery aneurysms.

A 78-year-old man who had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, insertion of a pacemaker, unstable angina and an ejection fraction of 0.26 was found to have a pulsatile mass on routine rectal examination. Iliac artery aneurysm was suspected. Preoperatively, a 3-dimensional reconstructed
Good Cop -- Bad Cop: Police Violence and the Child’s Mind

Police violence against citizens lately has gripped the nation’s attention because of recent cases in Ferguson, Missouri; Staten Island, New York; Cleveland, Ohio; Baltimore, Maryland; and elsewhere. Children in those communities and nationwide have been directly and indirectly exposed to these well-publicized incidences of police killings and the aftermath of those killings.Exposure to police violence may cause children physical, cognitive, emotional, and social trauma. Moreover, the exposure may negatively influence children’s mindsets regarding the criminal justice system and police. Undoubtedly, these events of late are not the first and only instances in which children have been exposed to physically aggressive and violent law enforcement action. And they are unlikely to be the last instances in which youth will be subjected to police violence. They are, however, a call for action.Federal law enforcement officials already devote significant resources to the widespread problem of children’s exposure to violence. However, their efforts have been impoverished because they have failed to account for police violence and the negative impacts stemming from that violence. To thoroughly tackle the problem of children’s exposure to violence, officials addressing the issue should collaborate with others focusing on reform of police-citizen interactions. Their concerted effort must then prioritize data collection respecting, and research regarding, the impact of police violence on children from infancy through late adolescence. Additionally, their work must generate evidence-based programming sensitive to youths’ developing perspectives on the legal system and legal actors.
CLASSIC learning

Description logics, also called terminological logics, are commonly used in knowledge-based systems to describe objects and their relationships. We investigate the learnability of a typical description logic, CLASSIC, and show that CLASSIC sentences are learnable in polynomial time in the exact learning model using equivalence queries and membership queries (which are in essence, “subsumption queries”). We show that membership queries alone are insufficient for polynomial time learning of CLASSIC sentences. Combined with earlier negative results of Cohen and Hirsh showing that, given standard complexity theoretic assumptions, equivalence queries alone are insufficient (or random examples alone in the PAC setting are insufficient), this shows that both sources of information are necessary for efficient learning in that neither type alone is sufficient. In addition, we show that a modification of the algorithm deals robustly with persistent malicious two-sided classification noise in the membership queries with the probability of a misclassification bounded below 1/2.
Effects of Investment Dependence on Economic GrowthThe Role of Internal Structural Characteristics and Periods in the World Economy

Dependency theorists have hypothesized negative effects of international economic dependence on economic growth, and recent analyses have demonstrated such negative effects for investment dependence. This research tests the effects on economic growth of the interaction between investment dependence and various forms of internal structural weakness, and it also explores the role of cycles in the world political economy. Highly significant interactive effects are found for national wealth: Poor nations (as measured by per capita GNP) experience significantly larger negative effects of investment dependence on economic growth than do rich nations. Three other structural measures do not show significant effects, but there does appear to be a significant combined interaction effect for national wealth and market size: Those nations which rank both among the poorest in our sample in per capita GNP and among the smallest in size of domestic market (raw GNP) are the most adversely affected by investment dependence. This is seen as further evidence for the general proposition that features of a nation's internal strength mediate the relationship between foreign investment and economic growth. The comparative effects of investment dependence in a period of rapid world economic expansion and in one of relative contraction vary according to the control variable used in the analysis. Overall, the results indicate that the effects of investment dependence may be less uniform than dependency theorists assert.
Mass Spectrometric Study of Photoionization. X. Hydrogen Chloride and Methyl Halides.

Photoionization efficiency curves are obtained for hydrogen chloride and several methyl halides, both ordinary and deuterated, from ionization threshold to 600 A. Discussion is given on electronic structure of ions, autoionizing Rydberg states, and line-shape behavior. Ionization energies, heats of formation of ions, and bond dissociation energies are tabulated without regard to distribution of energy in internal modes, in relative kinetic energy, or other possible modes.
Growth of Ge Nanowires from Au−Cu Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts Synthesized from Aqueous Solution

Elemental metal nanoparticles are widely used to catalyze semiconductor nanowire growth, but size-controlled alloy nanoparticles have not been explored in this context. We present a simple aqueous synthesis of Au−Cu2O core−shell nanoparticles to produce Au−Cu alloy nanoparticles of controlled size and composition by vacuum annealing. Colloidal Au nanoparticles were used as size-controlled seeds, and fine control of the Cu2O shell thickness enabled tuning of the average Au−Cu alloy composition. The alloy nanoparticles were found to catalyze Ge nanowire growth in a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition environment. The nanowire growth rate for Au−Cu nanoparticles was intermediate to that of Cu (slowest) and Au (fastest) nanoparticles under identical conditions, suggesting a vapor−solid−solid growth process. These catalysts provide a useful platform to explore the influence of catalyst phase and chemistry on nanowire growth mechanisms that determine important variables including the doping rate and junction...
Pedagogy &/of Ethnic Literature: The Agony & the Ecstasy

This essay was originally designed for the 1988 MELUS conference as a workshop discussion rather than a paper to be "read." I hoped to initiate some lively, unorthodox, stimulating discussion among the audience. That didn't quite happen. Instead, I was last on a "traditional" panel of four people. I am not sure why I was last-maybe I asked to be, for several reasons. One reason is-according to some friends of mine-I am a "circus act," a tough one to follow. Probably I thought I had the most inclusive, provocative topic. Still, the format and the time constraint subverted my plans. In retrospect, the panel's makeup and order seem ironic and symbolic: reflecting amerika's/academia's caste system. The order was: an elderly white male, first; then, a young(er) white womon; a black male, third; and last-a black womon.1 The white male read at length, and took his time. The white womon read most of her paper, ignoring the moderator's signals. The (rather eloquent) black male-more conscious of both time and of himself-compressed what he had to say into an enlightening, entertaining 10-15 minutes. That left me-the black womon-all of five minutes.
Abstract LB-463: Proteomic patterns of colonic submucosa delineates the inflammatory colitides. This could aid understand IBD-related colorectal malignancy

Purpose : Differentiating Crohn9s colitis (CC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can be challenging even in combination of clinical, endoscopic, radiologic and histopathology examination. Biomarker studies have thus far been unsuccessful for disease delineation. We aim to use unique tissue proteomic methods to evaluate colonic tissue layers for potential biomarkers to identify CC vs. UC. Methods : Fresh-frozen colon specimens from resections for IBD and/or colorectal cancer were retrospectively retrieved. Colitis diagnoses were histologically re-confirmed by a blinded gastrointestinal pathologist. Three sample groups (n=5 each group) were examined: normal colon from CRC specimens (control), UC & CC. MALDI-MS was used to profile mucosal and submucosal compartments individually. Frozen tissues were sectioned at ∼10–15 μm for mounting onto either metal or conductive glass target plates (the glass plates allowing for histologic and MALDI-MS analysis on the same section). Sinapinic acid (20 mg/mL in 50:50 acetonitrile: 0.1% TFA in water) was used to give the best combination of uniform crystal coverage and signal quality for direct tissue protein analysis. Results : MALDI-MS achieved high mass accuracy (±0.01 Daltons) in the lower mass range ( m/z ) values between normal vs the IBD and more strikingly between CC vs. UC (p Conclusions : MALDI-MS tissue profiling as described distinguished the colitides. The methodology revealed 5 m/z peaks of interest. Analyses are underway to identify these IBD discriminative proteins. We hypothesize that these biomarker candidates that distinguish UC from CC will allow delineation of indeterminate colitis into UC or CC. Whether these protein fingerprints play a role in colonic carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-463. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-463
Permanent Faults Identification Method for Three-phase Autoreclosing Based on Capacitance Parameter

A novel three-phase adaptive reclosure scheme using capacitance parameter identification for transmission lines with shunt reactors is developed so as to improve the interconnected system transient stability and power supply reliability.The scheme uses T type equivalent model of aerial mode component of transient fault as the prototype and current of shunt reactors as known quantity,and takes the capacitance of transmission lines as the unknown parameters to evaluate the difference between calculated capacitances and actual ones for distinguishing the transient and permanent fault.In the case of transient fault,the capacitance difference is minute because the actual fault model is consistent with the prototype.But in the case of permanent fault,the capacitance difference is distinct because the actual fault model is inconsistent with the prototype.EMTP simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reliably and effectively distinguish permanent fault from transient fault,and apply to the three-phase adaptive reclosure in transmission lines with shunt reactors.
Lymphovascular invasion is an independent predictor of survival in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Various prognostic indicators have been investigated in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)-treated invasive breast cancer (BC). Our study examines if lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an independent predictor of survival in women receiving NAC. We performed a retrospective analysis in 166 women with operable invasive BC who underwent adriamycin- and taxane-based NAC between 2000 and 2013. The presence of LVI was noted in breast excisions following NAC. Associations between progression-free and overall survival and LVI and other clinicopathologic variables were assessed. Median follow-up was 31 months (range 1.4-153 months) with a total of 56 events and 24 deaths from any cause. LVI was found in 74 of 166 patients (45 %). In univariate analysis, the presence of LVI was associated with worse progression-free survival (HR 3.37, 95 % CI 1.87-6.06, p < 0.01) and overall survival (HR 4.35, 95 % CI 1.61-11.79, p < 0.01). In multivariate models adjusting for breast cancer subtype, LVI was significantly associated with a decrease in progression-free survival (HR 3.76, 95 % CI 2.07-6.83, p < 0.01) and overall survival (HR 5.70, 95 % CI 2.08-15.64, p < 0.01). When stratified by subtype, those with hormone receptor or HER2-positive BCs with no LVI had the most favorable progression-free and overall survival. Those with both LVI and triple-negative BC had the worst progression-free and overall survival. LVI is an important prognostic marker and is associated with worse clinical outcome in breast cancer patients receiving NAC.
Hemostasis of Acute Gastric Variceal Bleeding

Gastric variceal hemorrhage is one of the most dreaded endoscopic emergencies. Optimal management recommendations are limited by the lack of robust evidence-based data. Although endoscopic band ligation and sclerotherapy are effective modalities for esophageal variceal bleeding, they are suboptimal therapies for fundal variceal hemorrhage. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection is considered a first-line treatment option, where available. The role of EUS-guided angiotherapy for gastric variceal bleeding is promising. Non-endoscopic treatment options include transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. There is a need for prospective comparative studies among the various treatment modalities to further define optimal management algorithms for gastric variceal hemorrhage.
Prototypes as Embodied Computation

The development of computational constructs that span the physical and digital realm opens up a new domain referred to here as embodied computation, a term introduced in my research at Princeton University. The role of prototyping is shifting from that of the confirmation of design assumptions in the early design stages to that of the embodiment of a design idea deployed into the world at large and continuously tested and updated digitally and if necessary physically throughout its lifetime. Feedback and control based on sensors and network-based information is enabling relatively simple mechanical structures to perform a wider range of tasks. There is a shift from mechanical complexity towards algorithmic complexity resultant from this change in many areas. In this article a number of prototypes are discussed in developing the concept of embodied computation through material and actuated constructs.
BIOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR DEOXYADENOSINE AND 2-CHLORODEOXYADENOSINE TOXICITY TO BESTING HDMAN LYMPHOCYTES: 187

BIOCHEMICAL BASIS FOR DEOXYADENOSINE AND 2-CHLORODEOXYADENOSINE TOXICITY TO BESTING HDMAN LYMPHOCYTES: 187
Seismicity of western Alaska

abstract An investigation employing a local seismographic network in the Seward Peninsula region of western Alaska has shown a higher level of onshore and offshore seismicity than had been previously recognized. Several linear trends in the observed earthquake distribution patterns closely follow mapped traces of geological features, principally faults. Seismicity in this region is tentatively identified as of the intraplate type.
Consumption of commercially produced snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages during the complementary feeding period in four African and Asian urban contexts.

The availability and consumption of commercially produced foods and beverages have increased across low-income and middle-income countries. This cross-sectional survey assessed consumption of commercially produced foods and beverages among children 6-23 months of age, and mothers' exposure to promotions for these products. Health facility-based interviews were conducted among 218 randomly sampled mothers utilizing child health services in Dakar, Senegal; 229 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; 228 in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; and 222 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. In the day prior to the interview, 58.7% of 6-23-month-olds in Dakar, 23.1% in Dar es Salaam, 74.1% in Kathmandu Valley, and 55.0% in Phnom Penh had consumed a commercially produced snack food. In the previous week, the majority of children in Dakar (79.8%), Kathmandu Valley (91.2%), and Phnom Penh (80.6%) had consumed such products. Consumption of commercially produced sugar-sweetened beverages was noted among 32.0% of Phnom Penh, 29.8% of Dakar, 23.1% of Dar es Salaam, and 16.2% of Kathmandu Valley children. Maternal education was negatively associated with commercial snack food consumption in Dakar and Kathmandu Valley. Children of Phnom Penh mothers in the lowest wealth tercile were 1.5 times more likely to consume commercial snack food products, compared to wealthier mothers. These snack consumption patterns during the critical complementary feeding period demand attention; such products are often high in added sugars and salt, making them inappropriate for infants and young children.
Exploring the solid state phase transition in DL-norvaline with terahertz spectroscopy

DL-Norvaline is a molecular crystal at room temperature and it undergoes a phase transition when cooled below 190 K. This phase transition is believed to be Martensitic, thus making it of particular interest for molecular machines. In this paper we investigate this phase transition by measuring its terahertz (THz) spectrum over a range of temperatures. Temperature-dependent THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements reveal that the transition temperature (Tβ→α) is 190 K. The influence of nucleation seeds was analyzed by determining the Tβ→α of molecular crystals with varying grain size. Grains of 5 μm or less result in a lower transition temperature (Tβ→α = 180 K) compared to larger grains of 125–250 μm (Tβ→α = 190 K). Additionally, we gain insight into the physical process of the phase transition via temperature-dependent THz-TDS spectra of doped and mixed molecular crystals. The addition of molecular dopants, which differ from DL-norvaline only at the end of the side chain which resides in the hydrophobic layers of the crystal, decreases Tβ→α. This is consistent with a solid–solid phase transition in which the unit cell shifts along this hydrophobic layer, and it leads us to believe that the phase transition in DL-norvaline is Martensitic in nature.
Demonstration of Hydrogel Volume Control Using Pulse Width Modulation

Hydrogels are fabricated inside microfluidic networks using liquid phase photopolymerization techniques. Square voltage waveforms of differing amplitudes and duty cycles are applied to electrodes in the channel, causing the hydrogels to change volume.
A CASE OF SEVERE ATRIAL MITRAL REGURGITATION IN A NON-SURGICAL PATIENT

Secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is mostly attributed to left ventricular (LV) remodeling and enlargement. The atrial chamber on the other side of the annulus can, however, play a similar role in causing MR. A 68-year-old male recently presented to our hospital for evaluation and possible repair
MOTIVATION AS QUALITY: REGULATORY FIT EFFECTS ON INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY LEARNING

The study examined the predictions of regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000) in relation to task-based incidental vocabulary learning. A total of 189 English as a second language learners completed a vocabulary pretest, a regulatory focus questionnaire, an integrated reading/writing task, and finally an unannounced vocabulary posttest. The participants were randomly assigned to two task conditions. In the gain condition, they started the task with zero points and had to gain 75 points to enter a drawing to win one of three $100 gift cards; in the loss condition, they started with 100 points and had to avoid losing more than 25 points. Multiple regression results partly supported the regulatory fit predictions. Prevention individuals learned significantly more vocabulary items in the loss condition than in the gain condition; but promotion individuals did not learn significantly more vocabulary items in the gain condition than in the loss condition. Theoretical and pedagogical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Novel Treatments and the Future of Diabetic Nephropathy: What Is on the Horizon?

As diabetes and diabetic nephropathy have reached epidemic proportions across the world, there has been rapid expansion in our knowledge on immunopathogenesis, epigenetic mechanisms, and identification of an increasing number of novel therapeutic targets. Laboratory experiments or trials are under way exploring the effects of biologicals, stem cell/progenitor cell therapies, and newer medications in diabetic and pre-diabetic cohorts identified through the help of recently characterized biomarkers of early disease. Simultaneously, spectacular advances in technology, including cell and organ regeneration, and three-dimensional printing that has accomplished the feat of successfully generating a kidney are likely to offer hitherto unimagined additional therapy options to patients with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. These advances clearly point to a future in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease with greatly expanded therapy options. Yet the vast majority of the increase in hundreds of millions of patients with diabetes and diabetes associated organ failure, including nephropathy is doubtless closely related to the unhealthy modern lifestyle, which engenders obesity and heightened inflammatory state that facilitates multiple metabolic abnormalities including diabetes and frank islet cell destruction. Clearly, the most cost-effective future therapy for this epidemic must include innovative global programs to reverse this trend and achieve wide acceptance of healthy diet and lifestyle changes across the world. The purpose of this chapter is to briefly review the recent advances in diabetes research and the future implications of this rapidly expanding knowledge on the lives of patients with diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.
ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010 Final Determination Quantitative Analysis

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducted a final quantitative analysis to assess whether buildings constructed according to the requirements of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)/Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Standard 90.1-2010 (ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010, Standard 90.1-2010, or 2010 edition) would result in energy savings compared with buildings constructed to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007(ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007, Standard 90.1-2007, or 2007 edition). The final analysis considered each of the 109 addenda to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 that were included in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010. All 109 addenda processed by ASHRAE in the creation of Standard 90.1-2010 from Standard 90.1-2007 were reviewed by DOE, and their combined impact on a suite of 16 building prototype models in 15 ASHRAE climate zones was considered. Most addenda were deemed to have little quantifiable impact on building efficiency for the purpose of DOE's final determination. However, out of the 109 addenda, 34 were preliminarily determined to have a measureable and quantifiable impact. A suite of 240 computer energy simulations for building prototypes complying with ASHRAE 90.1-2007 was developed. These prototypes were then modified in accordance with these 34 addenda to create a second suite of corresponding building simulations reflecting the same buildings compliant with Standard 90.1-2010. The building simulations were conducted using the DOE EnergyPlus building simulation software. The resulting energy use from the complete suite of 480 simulation runs was then converted to energy use intensity (EUI, or energy use per unit floor area) metrics (Site EUI, Primary EUI, and energy cost intensity [ECI]) results for each simulation. For each edition of the standard, these EUIs were then aggregated to a national basis for each prototype using weighting factors based on construction floor area developed for each of the 15 U.S. climate zones using commercial construction data. When compared, the resulting weighted EUIs indicated that each of the 16 building prototypes used less energy under Standard 90.1-2010 than under Standard 90.1-2007 on a national basis when considering site energy, primary energy, or energy cost. The EUIs were also aggregated across building types to a national commercial building basis using the same weighting data. On a national basis, the final quantitative analysis estimated a floor-space-weighted national average reduction in new building energy consumption of 18.2 percent for source energy and 18.5 percent when considering site energy. An 18.2 percent savings in energy cost, based on national average commercial energy costs for electricity and natural gas, was also estimated.
Aimsgb: An algorithm and open-source python library to generate periodic grain boundary structures

Abstract An algorithm implemented in an open-source python library was developed for building periodic grain boundary models in a universal fashion. The software framework, aimsgb, aims to generate tilt and twist grain boundaries from an input cubic or non-cubic crystal structure for ab-initio and classical atomistic simulation. It can output a coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundary for a cubic input structure and a non-CSL grain boundary for a non-cubic input structure. This framework has two useful features: (i) it can calculate all the CSL matrices for generating CSL from a given Sigma (Σ) value and rotation axis, allowing the users to build the specific CSL and grain boundary models; (ii) it provides a convenient command line tool to enable high-throughput generation of tilt and twist grain boundaries by assigning an input crystal structure, Σ value, rotation axis, and grain boundary plane. The developed algorithm in the open-source python library is expected to facilitate studies of grain boundary in materials science. The software framework is available on the website: aimsgb.org.
Communication Theory After the Administered Society: The “Total Market” in the Writings of the Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones

The Departamento Ecumenico de Investigaciones (DEI) is an independent research institute located in San Jose, Costa Rica, whose members include many notable Latin American social theorists, philosophers, and theologians. Through the institute’s many publications, these scholars have articulated a unique version of critical theory with the aim of fostering a dialogue between philosophy, theology, and the social sciences. The institute’s importance to communication researchers lies both in the sophistication of its social analyses and in its status as a viable model of socially engaged scholarly praxis. Of particular relevance to communication scholars is the DEI’s conceptualization and analysis of the “total market,” a term that refers to the social environment created by neoliberal globalization. The concept of the total market can refocus communication theory in light of contemporary socioeconomic conditions.
Dissecting chicken wings in an introductory geology course to help students discover evidence—hiding in plain sight—of dinosaur–bird evolution

AbstractIn an introductory geology course on vertebrate fossils, a new object-based classroom exercise was designed to enhance students’ appreciation for evidence of evolution as a “tinkering” proc...
The Pluralistic Style and the Demands of Intercultural Rhetoric: Swami Vivekananda at the World’s Parliament of Religions

ABSTRACTIntercultural contexts introduce unique sources of complexity into our theories of rhetoric and persuasion. This study examines one of the most successful cases of intercultural rhetoric co...
Improving the management of spontaneous pneumothorax

Managementof spontaneous pneumothorax would be improved by mounting multiple devices on the same side of the bodyhttp://ow.ly/7x7B30mrAnq
Free-Living Comparison of Physical Activity and Sleep Data from Fitbit Activity Trackers Worn on the Dominant and Nondominant Wrists

Despite proprietary algorithms to account for differences, output from activity trackers worn on different wrists may not be comparable because individuals vary in their reliance on each hand durin...
Enantioselective sensing of carboxylic acids with a bis(urea)oligo(phenylene)ethynylene foldamer

Abstract The development of molecular probes for optical sensing of chiral compounds has received increasing attention in recent years, in particular because of the potential to accelerate asymmetric reaction analysis. In this study, we prepared conformationally flexible oligo(phenylene)ethynylene foldamers carrying peripheral bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylurea units that undergo hydrogen bonding with chiral carboxylic acids. This interaction results in a chiral amplification process across the stereodynamic sensor scaffold which coincides with characteristic circular dichroism signals at high wavelengths. The induced chiroptical signals allow quantitative determination of the enantiomeric excess of the substrate which was demonstrated with nonracemic samples of tartaric acid. The chirality sensing assay is fast, sufficiently accurate for high-throughput screening purposes and adaptable to parallel analysis with multiwell plate readers.
Revision of Syndesmosis Screw Fixation

Background: Many syndesmosis screw fixations do not achieve success at the first attempt. Currently, there are no data available to evaluate revision of syndesmosis screw failure. Methods: A total ...
The Effects of Material Anisotropy on Secondary Processing of Additively Manufactured CoCrMo

Abstract Components produced by near net shape additive manufacturing processes often require subsequent subtractive finishing operations to satisfy requisite surface finish and geometric tolerances. It is well established that the microstructure and properties of the as-built component are sensitive to the additive processing history. Therefore, downstream secondary processes may be affected by the as-built components’ mechanical behavior. In this work we study the sensitivity of secondary machining operations on CoCrMo samples produced via laser powder bed fusion. Utilizing novel high-throughput mechanical testing, microstructure characterization, and a rigorous statistical analysis we investigate the degree of material anisotropy present in the as-built material. We then study the effects of this anisotropy on secondary processing via slot milling experiments. Our results indicate that mechanical anisotropy is driven by both the morphology of the microstructure as well as crystallographic texture. The machining force response is correspondingly sensitive to these sources of anisotropy, which has the potential to impact how manufacturers finish additively built parts.
Observations of thermally-driven winds in a small valley during the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse

On the afternoon of 21 August 2017, a partial solar eclipse occurred over the Blue Ridge Mountains in central Virginia, USA. High-resolution meteorological observations were made on the floor of a small valley to investigate the effect of eclipse-induced cooling on thermally-driven winds. Measurements taken both at the surface and in the lower atmosphere indicate cooling throughout much of the atmospheric boundary layer. Multiple surface weather stations observed wind rotations that occurred both during and after the eclipse, as wind direction shifted from upvalley to downvalley and back to upvalley. The direction of these rotations (clockwise vs. counterclockwise) varied between stations and was strongly influenced by the proximity of the stations to topographic features in the valley. Doppler lidar observations over the valley floor show a 300 m thick layer of downvalley winds that formed below a deeper layer of upvalley winds. Changes in boundary layer winds and structure during the solar eclipse are similar to changes during the morning and evening transitions. However, the subtle differences in the direction of wind rotations between diurnal- and eclipse-transition periods provided important new insights into the interaction between slope- and valley flows, incoming solar radiation, and topographic features.
Does the Presence of Subdural Hemorrhage Increase the Risk of Intracranial Hemorrhage Expansion after the Initiation of Antithrombotic Medication

Patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) with a clinical indication for antithrombotic medication present a clinical dilemma, burdened by the task of weighing the risks of hemorrhage expansion against the risk of thrombosis. We sought to determine the effect of subdural hemorrhage on the risk of hemorrhage expansion after administration of antithrombotic medication. Medical records of 1626 trauma patients admitted with traumatic ICH between March 1, 2008, and March 31, 2013, to a Level I trauma center were retrospectively reviewed. The pharmacy database was queried to determine which patients were administered anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication during their hospitalization, leaving a sample of 97 patients that met inclusion criteria. Patients presenting with subdural hemorrhage were compared with patients without subdural hemorrhage. Demographic data, clinically significant expansion of hematoma, postinjury day of initiation, and mortality were analyzed. A total of 97 patients met inclusion criteria with 55 patients in the subdural hemorrhage group and 42 in the other ICH group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, injury severity score, admission Glasgow coma score, or mean hospital day of antithrombotic administration between the groups. Patients with subdural hemorrhage had a significantly higher rate of ICH expansion (9.1 vs 0%, P = 0.045). There was no difference in overall hospital mortality between the two groups. Incidence of ICH expansion was higher in patients with subdural hemorrhage. It may be prudent to use special caution when administering antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication in this group of patients after injury.
Laboratory-scale investigation of air entrainment in burn pits used for waste disposal

Abstract Open-air fires are a common method of waste disposal in low infrastructure areas and these fires are often placed in burn pits to provide physical safety measures. This paper seeks to understand how the distance between the fuel surface and the pit opening (ullage) affects fire behavior by using a gas burner. The gas used is methane with a varying fuel supply (2, 4, 6 g/min) to represent different types of waste loading. As the ullage is varied, distinct flame fluctuations are observed inside the pit and aspects of flame dynamics at different fuel flow rates are espoused. A semi-empirical correlation for the entrainment of the ambient air into the flame is developed.
Health care disparity exists among those undergoing emergent hernia repairs in New York State

Socioeconomic factors predispose certain populations to an increased exposure to emergent operative procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role socioeconomic factors play in emergent repairs of inguinal, ventral and umbilical hernias. The SPARCS database was used to identify all patients undergoing emergent ventral hernia repair (EVR), emergent inguinal hernia repair (EIR), and emergent umbilical hernia repair (EUR) between 2008 and 2015. Chi-square test with exact p values from Monte Carlo simulation determined marginal associations between repairs (elective vs. emergent), and patient characteristics and comorbidities. Multivariable logistic regression models were further utilized to examine socioeconomic disparity. 107,887 ventral hernias, 66,947 inguinal hernias, and 63,515 umbilical hernias (total 238,349) were noted. African Americans were most likely to undergo an EVR compared to Caucasians (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.48–1.61), Asians (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15–1.5), and Hispanics (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.23–1.37). African Americans were most likely to undergo EIR compared to Caucasians (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 2.06–2.36), Asians (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.49–2.02), and Hispanics (OR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.34). African Americans were most likely to undergo EUR compared to whites (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.22–1.36), Asians (26.62%, OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01–1.46) and Hispanic (28.03%, OR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16). Medicaid patients were also more likely to undergo EVR (OR 1.31, OR 1.73), EIR (OR 2.92, OR 4.55) and EUR (OR 1.63, OR 2.31) compared to Medicare and commercial insurance. Race is a contributing factor in who undergoes an emergent hernia repair in New York State. A significantly larger proportion of the African American population is undergoing hernia repair in the emergent setting. Socioeconomic status, as indicated by the significant number of Medicaid patients undergoing emergent hernia repairs, also plays a role.
Relations among Externalizing Behaviors, Alcohol Expectancies and Alcohol Use Problems in a Multi-Ethnic Sample of Middle and High School Students:

Background:Alcohol expectancies and externalizing behaviors, that is, aggression and rule-breaking behaviors, are associated with underage alcohol use. The interactive influence of these risk facto...