cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nerve impulses increase the phosphorylation state of protein I in rabbit superior cervical ganglion

Protein I, a neurone-specific protein concentrated at synapses, is present in most, and probably all, presynaptic nerve terminals where it is at least partially associated with neurotransmitter vesicles (refs 1–5 and P. De Camilli, W. B. Huttner, R. Cameron, M. Harris and P.G., in preparation). Protein I is a major endogenous substrate in nervous tissue for both cyclic AMP-dependent1 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent6–8 protein kinases. Neurotransmitters9,10, apparently acting through cyclic AMP, and depolarizing agents9–11, apparently acting through calcium, have been shown to increase the state of phosphorylation of protein I in intact preparations of the central and peripheral nervous systems. To determine whether impulse conduction regulates the state of phosphorylation of protein I, we have now studied this process in the rabbit superior cervical ganglion, a well characterized neuronal preparation that is suitable for both physiological and biochemical studies. Using a technique developed to quantify the state of phosphorylation of the small amounts of protein I contained in ganglion tissue, we show here that in physiological conditions brief periods of impulse conduction increase the state of phosphorylation of protein I in this ganglion.
Impurity segregation to voids in doped tungsten ribbon filaments

Filaments of Al-, Si-, and K-doped tungsten foil, 0.00254 cm thick, were heated to 2300°C in vacuo until a hot spot developed. Within the hot spot were voids varying in size from about 50 to 6000A. The larger voids were faceted with the major facets parallel to {110}. The relative surface tensions in the doped foil were in the order {110} < {112}< {111} < {100} as determined from a model of the voids. Selected area diffraction showed that the void surfaces were coated with a thin epitaxial layer of potassium with [311] W ‖[311] K in the majority of cases.
Outcomes of an inner-city HIV mental health programme integrated with primary care and emphasizing cultural responsiveness

Effectiveness of HIV-related mental health practice in inner cities has not been adequately documented despite an urgent need for interventions for populations disproportionately affected by the epidemic. Practices must take into account and respond to cultural issues of people of colour and the needs of those infected through injection drug use or heterosexual sex with IDUs. We report the effectiveness of an HIV mental health programme integrated with primary care and emphasizing cultural responsiveness. A sample of 47 of 188 patients who received psychiatric and psychotherapy services was compared with other subjects. The 47 had an average of 8.34 encounters over an average of 36.23 weeks. Consumers of project services used mental health care at a higher rate than did comparison subjects. Regression analyses indicated that utilization was related to reduction in reported mental health problems, HIV-related physical symptoms, and use of alcohol and powdered cocaine, as well as to improvement in social functioning. Our clients, individuals often viewed as not likely to avail themselves of or benefit from mental health care, were highly motivated for self-improvement and, given access to competent, convenient and culturally respectful services, improved their well-being in significant domains.
Cohesion and Flow Phenomena in Clastic Intrusions: ABSTRACT

Physical differences between water-saturated cohesionless sand and cohesive fine mud account for many sedimentary structures. Relative bulk cohesion is controlled by relations of intergranular adhesion caused by electromagnetic or Van der Waal's forces versus the disturbing effect of forcible migration of pore fluid or gas. Where expulsion of fluid is slow, mud retains greater cohesion than sand. If sand is loosely packed, movement of fluid, especially if sudden, may cause spontaneous liquefaction and conversion to a viscous slurry with negligible strength. Empirical evidence of major differences of cohesion comes from abundance of shale pebbles, load structures, current sole marks, contorted stratification, and clastic intrusions. These are most characteristic of alternating sand-mud sequences which possessed many inherent-strength discontinuities. All degrees of liquefaction, flow, intrusion, and stopping are "frozen" in rocks--from local in-place liquefaction of sand strata to immense dike complexes and sand volcanoes. Clastic dikes are of special interest. Typically they contain fine sand, but in a few places may have coarse gravel. Wall rock is generally mud, and stoped cohesive mud xenoliths are common; some dikes split and even rejoin along strike. Internal lamination and some grain alignment may occur, and these suggest chiefly l minar flow of viscous suspensions. A few dikes display excellent groove and flute marks on their sides, evidencing scouring of cohesive wall rock during intrusion and indicating direction of intrusion. Some large dikes completely evacuated their source stratum with concomitant subsidence of all overburden. Important relative age criteria are provided. Most dikes are straight, suggesting that compaction was completed largely before intrusion. In fact, compaction End_Page 610------------------------------ of mud probably provided most of the pore water which liquefied intercalated sand. The exceptional wavy dikes apparently were intruded earlier and compacted later with their wall rock. Sill-like masses are more problematical; some evidence clearly indicates liquefaction after burial, but others of these masses could have formed at the depositional interface. Certain strata were liquefied in place after burial and are not true intrusions, although they strongly resemble sills. Some synsedimentary folds can be distinguished from tectonic ones where sandstone dikes cut through them and prove an early, soft-sediment origin. Dikes along slaty cleavage have been cited as evidence of early formation of such cleavage. Some intrusions are useful in determining dates of migration and deposition of ores or fluids. Dikes may show close relations with regional structures, but many do not. Though more common in tectonically mobile regions, they also occur in stable ones. They most probably originated by shocks from earthquakes or from sudden loading. They are more common than is generally realized and their usefulness to the geologist has not been appreciated fully. End_of_Article - Last_Page 611------------
Deep Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest in Adults

Brain protection during cardiopulmonary bypass has been the subject of intense research. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) continues to be used for that goal during complex aortic arch and large intracranial aneurysm surgeries. The anesthetic management for adult patients undergoing these types of procedures requires specific knowledge and expertise. Based on our experience and review of the current literature, the authors highlight the key areas of the anesthetic plan, discussing the risk factors associated with adverse neurologic outcome as well as the rationale for decisions regarding specific monitors and medications. In the conclusion an anesthetic protocol for adult patients undergoing DHCA is suggested.
Opinions of West Texas pharmacists about emergency contraception

Background: The pharmacist’s role in dispensing emergency contraception (EC) has become controversial due to the intersection of personal and professional ethics. Therefore, to examine the issue of EC availability, we surveyed a sample of West Texas pharmacists. West Texas is a religiously and politically conservative region where no methods of EC have been made available. Objective : to survey a sample of pharmacists in West Texas about their experience, beliefs, and knowledge of EC both before and after a presentation of the current literature about EC. Methods : We asked a convenience sample of 75 pharmacists about their experience, beliefs, and knowledge of EC both before and after a presentation of the current literature about EC. Results : Sixty-four (85%) pharmacists agreed to complete the study questionnaire. None carries EC in his/her pharmacy, and scientific understanding of EC was generally poor. Fourteen percent stated EC conflicts with their religious views, 17% considered it a method of abortion, 11% would not be willing to fill an EC prescription written by a doctor. 58% would be willing to offer EC over the counter. The presentation encouraged more to offer it over the counter, but in general did not significantly change their beliefs. Conclusion : Our sample of West Texas pharmacists demonstrated very little experience with, a general lack of knowledge about, and some personal and religious objections to EC.
Placement and distributed deployment of sensor teams for triangulation based localization

We address the problem of placing a sensor network so as to minimize the uncertainty in estimating the position of targets. The novelty of our formulation is in the sensing model: we focus on stereo sensors where the measurements from two sensors must be combined for an estimation. We study two versions of this problem. In the first version, which we call the placement problem, we are given a workspace and an error threshold. The objective is to place a minimum number of cameras so that no matter where the target is located in the workspace, the uncertainty in localizing it is less than the threshold. For this problem, we present an approximation algorithm and prove that the deviation of its performance from the optimal value is bounded by a constant. In the second version, called the deployment problem, we study the problem of relocating a mobile sensor team to minimize the uncertainty in localizing possibly moving targets. We present a distributed, discrete-time algorithm which explicit addresses communication and motion constraints and show how to compute the optimal move within the time-step for a given target/sensor-pair assignment. The utility of the algorithm is demonstrated with simulations
Coupling between Wind-Driven Currents and Midlatitude Storm Tracks

A model for the interaction between the midlatitude ocean gyres and the wind stress is formulated for a shallow-water, spherical hemisphere with finite thermocline displacement and the latitudinal dependence of the long Rossby wave speed. The oceanic currents create a temperature front at the midlatitude intergyre boundary that is strongest near the western part of the basin. The intergyre temperature front affects the atmospheric temperature gradient in the storm track region, increasing the eddy transport of heat and the surface westerlies. The delayed adjustment of the gyres to the wind stress causes the westerly maximum to migrate periodically in time with a decadal period. The behavior of the model in a spherical geometry is qualitatively similar to that in a quasigeostrophic setting except that here the coupled oscillation involves oceanic temperature anomalies that circulate around the subpolar gyre, whereas the quasigeostrophic calculations favor the subtropical gyre. Another difference is that here there is a linear relationship between the period of the coupled oscillation and the delay time for the adjustment of ocean gyres to changes in the wind stress. This result departs from the quasigeostrophic result, in which the advection timescale also influences the period of the decadal oscillation.
Can Polar Interface Energies be Calculated by Means of Supercells

Two problems associated with the calculation of polar interface energies in semiconductors or insulators are discussed: (1) the stoichiometry of the associated interface region, and (2) the impossibility of constructing a supercell with two equivalent interfaces in certain cases. An approach for calculating the energy of a single interface is introduced. It utilizes local quantities obtained from supercell calcualtions and the electrostatic energy of the isolated single interface. Results are presented for GaAs inversion domain boundaries and NaCl antiphase boundaries. The problem associated with charge transfer between two different interfaces is discussed.
Development of tongue-shaped and multilobate rock glaciers in alpine environments – Interpretations from ground penetrating radar surveys

Abstract Rock glaciers occur as lobate or tongue-shaped landforms composed of mixtures of poorly sorted, angular to blocky rock debris and ice. These landforms serve as primary sinks for ice and water storage in mountainous areas and represent transitional forms in the debris transport system, accounting for ~ 60% of all mass transport in some alpine regions. Observations of active (flowing) alpine rock glaciers indicate a common association between the debris that originates from cirque headwalls and the depositional lobes that comprise them. The delivery of this debris to the rock glacier is regulated primarily by the rate of headwall erosion and the point of origin of debris along the headwall. These factors control the relative movement of individual depositional lobes as well as the overall rate of propagation of a rock glacier. In recent geophysical studies, a number of alpine rock glaciers on Prins Karls Forland and Nordenskioldland, Svalbard, Norway, and the San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado, USA, have been imaged using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to determine if a relationship exists between the internal structure and surface morphology. Results indicate that the overall morphologic expression of alpine rock glaciers is related to lobate deposition during catastrophic episodes of rockfall that originated from associated cirque headwalls. Longitudinal GPR profiles from alpine rock glaciers examined in this study suggests that the difference in gross morphology between the lobate and tongue-shaped rock glaciers can be attributed primarily (but not exclusively) to cirque geometry, frequency and locations of debris discharge within the cirque, and the trend and magnitude of valley gradient in relation to cirque orientation. Collectively, these factors determine the manner in which high magnitude debris discharges, which seem to be the primary mechanism of formation, accumulate to form these rock glaciers.
Design and Evaluation of a Compiler-Directed Collective I/O Technique

Current approaches to parallel I/O demand extensive user effort to obtain acceptable performance. This is in part due to difficulties in understanding the characteristics of a wide variety of I/O devices and in part due to inherent complexity of I/O software. While parallel I/O systems provide users with environments where large datasets can be shared between parallel processors, the ultimate performance of I/O-intensive codes depends largely on the relation between data access patterns and storage patterns of data in files and on disks. Collective I/O is one of the most popular methods to access the data when the storage and access patterns do not match. In this strategy, each processor does I/O on behalf of other processors if doing so improves the overall performance. While it is generally accepted that collective I/O and its variants can bring impressive improvements as far as the I/O performance is concerned, it is difficult for the programmer to use collective I/O effectively. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a compiler-directed collective I/O approach which detects the opportunities for collective I/O and inserts the necessary I/O calls in the code automatically. An important characteristic of the approach is that instead of applying collective I/O indiscriminately, it uses collective I/O selectively, only in cases where independent parallel I/O would not be possible. We have conducted several experiments using an IBM SP-2di stributed-memory message-passing machine with 128 nodes. Our compiler directed collective I/O scheme was able to perform 18% better in average than an indiscriminate collective I/O scheme in our base configuration.
Submesoscale Instability and Generation of Mesoscale Anticyclones near a Separation of the California Undercurrent

AbstractThe California Undercurrent (CUC) flows poleward mostly along the continental slope. It develops a narrow strip of large negative vertical vorticity through the turbulent boundary layer and bottom stress. In several downstream locations, the current separates, aided by topographic curvature and flow inertia, in particular near Point Sur Ridge, south of Monterey Bay. When this happens the high-vorticity strip undergoes rapid instability that appears to be mesoscale in “eddy-resolving” simulations but is substantially submesoscale with a finer computational grid. The negative relative vorticity in the CUC is larger than the background rotation f, and Ertel potential vorticity is negative. This instigates ageostrophic centrifugal instability. The submesoscale turbulence is partly unbalanced, has elevated local dissipation and mixing, and leads to dilution of the extreme vorticity values. Farther downstream, the submesoscale activity abates, and the remaining eddy motions exhibit an upscale organizati...
Production and respiration in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata as a function of depth

Colony morphology, rates of production and respiration, translocation of carbon from symbiotic algae to host, and the daily contribution of carbon fixed by zooxanthellae to animal respiration demands (CZAR) in phenotypes of Stylophora pistillata from 3 and 35 m were compared. Corals from 35 m showed an increase in branch density, a decrease in zooxanthellae density, and an increase in chlorophyll a per algal cell when compared to colonies from 3m. These changes are explained as adaptations to limited photosynthetically active radiation at the deeper depth. Photosynthetic efficiency was higher at 35 m, as evidenced by a production rate 25% that at 3 m, but with light only about 8% that of shallow water irradiance. Respiration of deeper corals decreased by a half. A depth-specific respiratory decline was displayed by both the algae and the animal fractions. Decreased coral animal respiration appears to be a direct function of decreased photosynthetically fixed carbon availability, and to be an immediate response to daily carbon input. Decreased carbon availability to the host animal at 35 m was a consequence of both decreased net carbon fixation and decreased percentage of net fixed carbon translocated to the host. The daily CZAR at 35 m was less than half that at 3m. Mean CZAR at 35 m was 78%, suggesting that deeper corals have an obligate requirement for heterotrophically obtained carbon. By contrast, corals from 3m, which displayed a mean CZAR of 157%, appeared to be photo trophic with respect to carbon required for respiration. Altered trophic strategies with depth were confirmed by daily carbon budgets calculated for average size corals from both depths. Multiple correlation tests of all parameters confirmed the utility of expressing production and respiration measures in terms of unit surface area. However, significant correlations with other normalizing parameters were found, and their usefulness discussed.
Attributions for Academic Success and Failure: An Individual Difference Investigation of Academic Achievement and Gender:

Ability, effort, and external attributions for academic success/failure as a function of achievement and gender were investigated for 237 elementary school children. Six attributions were the dependent measures for two 2 (achievement) × 2 (gender) MANOVAs. Groups were formed by Total Reading and Total Math scores on the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills/4; for both MANOVAs results yielded significant main effects for achievement, but not for the gender and interaction effects. Follow-up ANOVAs revealed that high achievers attributed success to ability to a significantly greater extent than did low achievers. Low achievers attributed math failure to ability to a significantly greater extent than did high achievers; for reading, the difference in reading failure to ability attributions approached significance. Finally, low achievers attributed reading success to external factors to a greater extent than did high achievers. No differences in effort attributions were noted for high and low achievers.
Persistent Intermediate Uveitis Associated with Latent Manifestation of Facial Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Purpose: To report a case of intraocular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) manifesting as persistent intermediate uveitis, facial mass, and Bell palsy.Design: Retrospective, interventional case report.Methods: A 51-year-old patient with persistent intermediate uveitis for 4 years is diagnosed with intraocular NHL after developing Bell palsy and a facial mass. Initial diagnostic vitrectomy was inconclusive.Results: Subsequent treatment with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab resulted in regressed facial mass and improved visual acuity.Conclusion: NHL can manifest as latent Bell palsy and facial mass in addition to the more common symptoms of uveitis. Intraocular NHL should be suspected in any patient of any age with persistent uveitis.
A Low Phase Noise, Wideband and Compact CMOS PLL for Use in a Heterodyne 802.15.3c Transceiver

A low phase noise, wideband, mm-wave, integer-N PLL that is capable of supporting an 802.15.3c heterodyne transceiver is reported. The PLL can generate 6 equally spaced tones from 43.2 GHz to 51.84 GHz, which is suitable for a heterodyne architecture with FLO=(4/5)×FTRX. Phase noise is measured directly at the FLO frequency and is better than -97.5 dBc/Hz@1 MHz across the entire band. The reported frequency synthesizer is smaller, exhibits less phase noise, and consumes less power than prior art. In addition, the FLO tone corresponds to the fundamental of the VCO as opposed to a higher harmonic.
Progress Appraisal as a Challenging Element of Coordination in Human and Machine Joint Activity

Joint activity, as we define it, is a mutually interdependent social endeavor that requires sufficient predictability among participating parties to enable coordination. Coordination, in turn, sometimes requires the parties to appraise the state of progress of their activities so that, if necessary, they can adjust their actions to meet coordination needs and communicate their status to others as appropriate. A significant impediment as yet precluding the full participation of automation in joint activity with people is its inability to sense and communicate aspects of its state that would allow other participants to meaningfully assess progress toward (or anticipate failure with respect to) mutual objectives. In the current article, we address various issues associated with "progress appraisal" and the challenges it poses for human-machine systems. We point to promising directions for future work.
Screening for Lynch syndrome in the general population-letter.

The cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) by Dinh and colleagues offers the intriguing approach of screening all individuals 25 and older for Lynch syndrome (LS), using PREMM1,2,6 tool followed by mutation testing ([1][1]). This report must be interpreted with careful attention to certain aspects of
Strengthening the Empirical Base of Operations Management

Isuggest that the prospering fields of physics, medicine, and finance illustrate the value of a strong empirical dimension to research that is well integrated with theoretical research. I use empirical research in these fields to formulate a framework for classifying empirical research and illustrate that framework with a few selected examples in operations management. I offer some advice on data sources and approaches to conducting empirical research and suggest ways strengthening empirical research in operations management. This is obviously a partial treatment of a large subject and represents my personal point of view. This paper should encourage comments by others to further develop the topic and to offer alternative points of view.
Finding underlying connections: a fast graph-based method for link analysis and collaboration queries

Many techniques in the social sciences and graph theory deal with the problem of examining and analyzing patterns found in the underlying structure and associations of a group of entities. However, much of this work assumes that this underlying structure is known or can easily be inferred from data, which may often be an unrealistic assumption for many real-world problems. Below we consider the problem of learning and querying a graph-based model of this underlying structure. The model is learned from noisy observations linking sets of entities. We explicitly allow different types of links (representing different types of relations) and temporal information indicating when a link was observed. We quantitatively compare this representation and learning method against other algorithms on the task of predicting future links and new "friendships" in a variety of real world data sets.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Abused Drugs, Karch S.B., Editor, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008, 189 pages

Medical Toxicologists care for patients poisoned by drugs of abuse on a daily basis. Clinicians focus on clinical signs and symptoms, and are concerned with immediate and chronic treatment of overd...
Incentive-aware routing in DTNs

Disruption tolerant networks (DTNs) are a class of networks in which no contemporaneous path may exist between the source and destination at a given time. In such a network, routing takes place with the help of relay nodes and in a store-and-forward fashion. If the nodes in a DTN are controlled by rational entities, such as people or organizations, the nodes can be expected to behave selfishly and attempt to maximize their utilities and conserve their resources. Since routing is an inherently cooperative activity, system operation will be critically impaired unless cooperation is somehow incentivized. The lack of end-to-end paths, high variation in network conditions, and long feedback delay in DTNs imply that existing solutions for mobile ad-hoc networks do not apply to DTNs. In this paper, we propose the use of pair-wise tit-for-tat (TFT) as a simple, robust and practical incentive mechanism for DTNs. Existing TFT mechanisms often face bootstrapping problems or suffer from exploitation. We propose a TFT mechanism that incorporates generosity and contrition to address these issues. We then develop an incentive-aware routing protocol that allows selfish nodes to maximize their own performance while conforming to TFT constraints. For comparison, we also develop techniques to optimize the system-wide performance when all nodes are cooperative. Using both synthetic and real DTN traces, we show that without an incentive mechanism, the delivery ratio among selfish nodes can be as low as 20% as what is achieved under full cooperation; in contrast, with TFT as a basis of cooperation among selfish nodes, the delivery ratio increases to 60% or higher as under full cooperation. We also address the practical challenges involved in implementing the TFT mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first practical incentive-aware routing scheme for DTNs.
Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2013 to Max W. Schmidt

Dear Members, I am very pleased that Max Schmidt of the ETH tonight receives the Dana Medal of the MSA, because Max and his achievements exemplify effective science. That Max should be honored by the mineralogical community is beyond doubt when one considers his accomplishments. Let me highlight three of them: Max has been an absolute visionary in his ability to imagine new experimental techniques. More importantly, his expertise, focus, and insight have enabled him to turn these visions into reality . Few people have both vision and execution in this degree. Max’s development of a rocking multi-anvil and piston cylinder press is a mind-boggling technological leap: I don’t know how Max thought of it, much less …
Constructing the Military Hero

Today we see an increase in the usage of the term hero. Especially in the media, the term is applied not only to those who do specific heroic deeds but to entire professions, e.g., the military. In this paper, we analyze the mediaâ€™s social construction of military heroes with respect to four individuals, two fictional characters and two real people. We argue that four themes are essential to the construction of the military hero whether for fictional or real people: a biography; strength of purpose; gender; and the reinforcement of national values. Once constructed in the media, the hero often contributes to political ends by reinforcing national values. More specifically, in their construction military heroes reflect and reproduce ideologies that legitimate the state and its military aggressiveness.
Tissue factor-targeted immunotherapy of melanoma and triple negative breast cancer using a second generation ICON

Meeting abstracts Hu and colleagues have identified tissue factor (TF-the primary initiator of coagulation and a modulator of angiogenesis) as a common yet specific biomarker and therapeutic target on a variety of cancer cells and angiogenic tumor vascular endothelial cells [1-3]. He has co-
Promoting Reemployment and Mental Health Among the Unemployed

Unemployment undermines the mental health and well-being of unemployed individuals. It deprives them of critical financial resources and their identity as productive workers, which, in turn disrupts family and social relationships. Unemployment deprives the person of vital resources thus leading to stress and its negative consequences for health and mental health. The most effective way to reverse the deterioration in mental health of unemployed individuals is to help them achieve reemployment either by macro- economic policies and programs for retraining and placement in existing jobs or by community interventions to promote effective job search to facilitate regaining high quality paid work. We (1) review the health and mental health effects of job loss and unemployment, (2) describe programs that effectively reverse these negative impacts on health and mental health by promoting effective job search and reemployment, (3) propose principles for effective implementation and dissemination of the programs based on case examples of international dissemination efforts and (4) suggest other interventions which could be implemented to promote mental health and help individuals cope with the challenges of unemployment and of job search.
QMy Summer InternshipQ by Antar Al-Qawwee

Antar Al-Qawwee describes in vivid detail his first days on the job at his summer internship in Sales and Trading and reflects on the lessons he learned through careful observation. Among the lessons he identifies are (1) Speak up early and often; (2) Be flexible and adjust your style; (3) Fate favors the prepared; and (4) Be yourself. As important as these explicit lessons are, equally important are the skills of presence of mind, mindful self-awareness, and sensitive reading of people and situations that he demonstrates.
Post-fire resprouting oaks (genus: Quercus) exhibit plasticity in xylem vulnerability to drought

Resprouting is a key functional trait for species in disturbance prone environments. In many semi-arid environments, woody plants face both fire and drought as recurring disturbances. Past work has demonstrated that oaks inhabiting sky-island forests of the northern Sierra Madre Oriental have differing microhabitat preferences and heavy stem dieback occured during the historic 2011 drought indicating potential xylem failure. These oak species, representing two sections within the genus, are all post-fire resprouters: they can resprout from underground storage organs when fire kills above ground tissue. Resprouts provide an opportunity to examine how functional traits may change as plastic responses to changing environmental conditions. Post-fire resprouts have increased root:shoot ratios relative to adults and therefore have access to more water relative to leaf demand. We expected that if resprouts exhibit plasticity in xylem function, they should favor water transport efficiency over safety: they should have higher maximum xylem conductivity, but greater susceptibility to drought-induced cavitation. We examined four oak species common in the Davis Mountains in west Texas and compared adult physiology with that of resprouts following wildfire. We found that species differed in degree of desiccation avoidance (isohydry) consistent with microhabitat preferences and that the species that were most desiccation tolerant as adults had resprouts significantly more susceptible to xylem cavitation. We found no evidence for a trade-off between efficiency and safety, however.
Detection and Characterization of the Mechanisms of Resistance to Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Tall Wheat grass

The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a recently introduced pest that is an economic threat to wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and barley, Hordeum vulgare L., production. Tall wheat grass, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauvois, in an important alternative summer host of the aphid and provides a food source for Russian wheat aphid populations between spring harvest and fall planting of cereal crops such as wheat and barley. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to identify Russian wheat aphid-resistant tall wheat grass plants obtained from the Western Regional Plant Introduction (PI) Station, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA. PI 401010 was resistant to leaf chlorosis and leaf curling caused by aphid feeding, and had decreased aphid reproduction compared with ‘Jose’ tall wheat grass. Further tests were conducted to characterize the plant components (antibiosis, antixenosis [nonpreference], and tolerance) contributing to resistance of PI 401010. PI 401010 had high levels of antibiosis, demonstrated by Russian wheat aphid’s delayed reproductive maturity, shorter reproductive lifespan, and reduced rates of fecundity compared with 2 susceptible genotypes. When infested with Russian wheat aphids, plant heights were reduced and dry mass foliage loss per unit of aphid mass produced was high. A strong antixenosis (nonpreference) resistance component existed in PI 401010 when aphids were given a choice of several genotypes. PI 401010 is a new source of resistance for germ plasm enhancement efforts.
Effect of Walker Rat Sarcoma on Growth of Transplanted Cancer

ConclusionsAn extract of desiccated Walker rat tumor under certain experimental conditions prevents or retards the growth of Mouse Sarcoma 180, Mouse Carcinoma 48, and the Brown-Pearce epithelioma of the rabbit implanted in the skin. The action seems to be at least partially due to a direct effect on the cells, and is not shared by extracts of other transplantable tumors studied.
141 NO-HANDS VIDEO GAMES: CONTROLLING A CURSOR WITH THOUGHT ALONE (CONSTRUCTION OF A ROBUST, MULTIDIMENSIONAL, BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE USING ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHIC RECORDING IN HUMANS).

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) have received attention recently as a method to restore or enhance impaired function and as a method for communication where all conventional methods are impossible. We have developed methods for rapid identification of cortical control signals using thought without movement and implementation of these signals for cursor control in target tasks. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes are placed subdurally for seizure focus localization prior to resection in the context of intractable epilepsy. The participating subjects were asked to perform real and imagined movement, and we calculated the change in the cortical spectra at each electrode during this. Subjects rapidly attained up to 100% control in a cursor control experiment, and this is demonstrated in video showing the cursor task and brain activity simultaneously. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method, showing dramatically how thought alone can be translated into action.
The role of vision in perching and grasping for MAVs

In this work, we provide an overview of vision-based control for perching and grasping for Micro Aerial Vehicles. We investigate perching on at, inclined, or vertical surfaces as well as visual servoing techniques for quadrotors to enable autonomous perching by hanging from cylindrical structures using only a monocular camera and an appropriate gripper. The challenges of visual servoing are discussed, and we focus on the problems of relative pose estimation, control, and trajectory planning for maneuvering a robot with respect to an object of interest. Finally, we discuss future challenges to achieve fully autonomous perching and grasping in more realistic scenarios.
Internal fixation of scaphoid fractures

Scaphoid fracture fixation is indicated in certain acute situations and for scaphoid nonunion. Internal fixation requires an understanding of the distinctive scaphoid anatomy with relation to its shape, blood supply, fracture healing, and radiographic evaluation. The choice of surgical approach varies with the fracture configuration and procedure planned. A variety of innovative implants are available to accomplish internal fixation of the scaphoid. The ultimate goal is to achieve union and restore stability to the carpus.
RATE OF INCREASE IN PLASMA LEVELS OF CYTOPLASMIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYMES IN EXPERIMENTAL CARBON TETRACHLORIDE HEPATOTOXICITY.

Abstract The intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride to Sprague-Dawley rats, in doses ranging from 0.02 to 0.25 ml. per 100 grams, led to increased plasma levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), aldolase (ALD), phosphohexoisomerase (PHI), malic dehydrogenase (MD), isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutamic dehydrogenase (GD). Levels of glucose-6-phosphatase rose inconsistently and to a relatively slight degree. The values of the cytoplasmic enzymes (LD, aldolase, PHI) reached a peak earlier than did those of enzymes that are found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm (GOT, MD, ICD); the most delayed peak was observed with the mitochondrial enzyme (GD). The peak value of GPT, an enzyme with both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic representation, was similar to that of GD, indicating that factors other than cytoplasmic location appear to determine the pattern of response to carbon tetrachloride poisoning.
SU-F-I-34: How Does Longitudinal Dose Profile Change with Tube Current Distribution in CT?

Purpose: To investigate how longitudinal dose profile DL(z) in 30 cm-diameter water cylinder change with tube current (mA) distribution and scan length. Methods: A constant and four variable mA distributions from two previous papers [Dixon et al., Med. Phys. 40, 111920 (14pp.) (2013); Zhang et al., Med. Phys. 41, 091911 (9pp.) (2014)] were adopted in three scan lengths of 10, 28.6, and 50 cm, and all mA distributions had the same average mA over scan ranges. Using the symmetry based dose calculation algorithms and the previously published CT dose equilibration data [Li et al., Med. Phys. 40, 031903 (10pp.) (2013); 41, 111910 (5pp.) (2014)], the authors calculated DL(z) on the phantom central and peripheral axes. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was used to compare the lineshapes of two arbitrary distributions. Results: In constant mA scans, DL(z) was “bell-shaped”. In variable mA scans, DL(z) approximately followed the mA lineshape, and the K-S distance generally changed with mA distribution. The distance decreased with scan length, and was larger on the central axis than on the peripheral axis. However, the opposite trends were found in the K-S distance between the DL(z) distributions of constant and variable mA distributions. Conclusion: Radiation dose from TCM scan is best evaluated using the specific tube current distribution. A constant mA based evaluation may lead to inconsistent longitudinal dose profile with that of TCM scan. Their difference in lineshape is larger on the phantom peripheral axis than on the central axis and increases with scan length. This work confirms that radiation dose in CT depends on not only local mA but also the overall mA distribution and scan length. On the other hand, the concept of regional tube current may be useful when scan length is large, tube current peaks near scan range edge, or the target site is superficial.
What if we use different “and”-operations in the same expert system

In expert systems, we often face a problem of estimating the expert's degree of confidence in a composite statement AB such “and”-operations are known as t-norms. In practice, however, in different areas, different “and”-operations provide a good description of expert reasoning. As a result, when we combine expert knowledge from different areas into a single expert system, it is reasonable to use different “and”-operations to combine different statements. In this case, associativity is no longer a natural requirement. We show, however, that in such situations, under some reasonable conditions, associativity of each “and”-operation can still be deduced. Thus, in this case, we can still use associative t-norms.
Caring for patients with opioid use disorder in the hospital.

Opioid use disorder refers to a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition (DSM-5).[1][1] The term “opioid” refers to any substance that acts at opioid
grID: A CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNA Database and Resource for Genome-Editing

CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing is a revolutionary technology that is transforming biological research. The explosive growth and advances in CRISPR research over the last few years, coupled with the potential for clinical applications and therapeutics, is heralding a new era for genome engineering. To further support this technology platform and to provide a universal CRISPR annotation system, we introduce the grID database (http://crispr.technology), an extensive compilation of gRNA properties including sequence and variations, thermodynamic parameters, off-target analyses, and alternative PAM sites, among others. To aid in the design of optimal gRNAs, the website is integrated with other prominent databases, providing a wealth of additional resources to guide users from in silico analysis through experimental CRISPR targeting. Here, we make available all the tools, protocols, and plasmids that are needed for successful CRISPR-based genome targeting.
Helpers “Here on the Front Lines”: Welfare‐to‐Work Managers' Moral Identity Work

Using data drawn from telephone interviews with Ohio Works First program managers (N = 69), we examine managers' moral identity work. This work included using militarized rhetoric to evoke moral identities as honorable workers. It also involved signifying helper/helpful moral identities by defining what it means to be helpful, legitimating their helper identity through connections to caseworkers, and affirming their identity through telling success stories. Additionally, managers implicitly othered clients they viewed as needy and politicians they considered to be out-of-touch. Our research contributes to the literature on welfare-to-work, but also more broadly to our understanding of moral identity work and implicit othering.
A fluorescence spectroscopy approach for fast determination of β-cyclodextrin-guest binding constants

Abstract Cyclodextrins are capable of forming host-guest inclusion complexes with a variety of guest molecules. However, binding constant measurements of various host-guest inclusions require complex equipment like NMR. Current methods may make binding constant measurement extremely difficult or even impossible for some guest molecules with specific or complicated structures. In this paper, we discovered a new method to determine the binding constants of complexes between β-Cyclodextrin and guest molecules using an inducible fluorophore, Alizarin Red S. The β-Cyclodextrin binding constants of various guest molecules including amino acids, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, and peptides were calculated according to the competition method. This novel florescence spectroscopic technique is reliable and reproducible, and represents an easy and accurate way for β-Cyclodextrin-guest binding constants measurement.
The importance of markets, politics, and community support: An analysis of the Small Community Air Service Development Program

Across the U.S., smaller communities face a challenging environment for attracting and retaining commercial air service as a result of airline industry changes. Increasingly, airports and communities in smaller markets are developing air service development programs (ASIPs) to provide incentives to reduce the financial risk to airlines while also marketing the new service to the community. A key source of funds for many of community-based incentive programs is the Small Community Air Service Development Program (SCASDP), which is a discretionary grant program operated by the Department of Transportation that provides funding to communities to supplement their own ASIPs. Despite the growing importance of this tool used by many communities, we know little about the factors that drive the allocation of SCASDP grants by the DOT. Using an analysis of 164 applications to the SCASDP program between 2011 and 2013, we assess the effect of market, political, and economic factors on the DOT's allocation of grants. Our findings suggest the DOT largely relies on the criteria in its published guidelines to allocate SCASDP grants. Specifically, the agency is more likely to approve applications for SCASDP grants when the community has the support of members of Congress who represent the community and the support of businesses and citizens through local match contributions. We also find the DOT allocates grants to communities with letters of support from air carriers and prior experience, either through multiple applications in the past or through an experience air service development consultant, with the application process.
Applications and App Building in Hybrid Courses

This paper provides an overview of application building in the course environment illustrated with samples of student work. User applications (apps) built as extensions of multiphysics models have been integrated into traditional face-to-face and hybrid engineering courses. Apps were first included in a multidisciplinary modeling graduate course that emphasizes an end-of-semester research project. At the undergraduate level, apps were added into a two-course mechanical engineering thermo-fluids sequence. Initially, apps were used as an effective demonstration tool both in the classroom and in an on-line environment. Subsequently, application building has been embedded into a string of simulation projects featuring prominently in the performance assessment. As a result, students have become more demonstrably engaged and are devoting substantial time outside the classroom to understand theoretical concepts. Feedback from graduates indicates that familiarity with simulation work-flow and application building are effective skillsets in seeking an entry-level industry position.
Structural Basis for MARK1 Kinase Autoinhibition by Its KA1 Domain

Summary The kinase associated-1 (KA1) domain is found at the C-terminus of multiple Ser/Thr protein kinases from yeast to humans, and has been assigned autoinhibitory, membrane-binding, and substrate-targeting roles. Here, we report the crystal structure of the MARK1 kinase/UBA domain bound to its autoinhibitory KA1 domain, revealing an unexpected interface at the αD helix and contacts with both the N- and C-lobes of the kinase domain. We confirm the binding interface location in kinetic studies of variants mutated on the kinase domain surface. Together with other MARK kinase structures, the data implicate that the KA1 domain blocks peptide substrate binding. The structure highlights the kinase-specific autoinhibitory binding modes of different KA1 domains, and provides potential new avenues by which to intervene therapeutically in Alzheimer's disease and cancers in which MARK1 or related kinases are implicated.