cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The eye-opening case of Keir v. United States

In a case involving a 4-year-old esotrope with retinoblastoma, a federal appellate court has held that, as a matter of law, the standard of care expected of an optometrist requires a dilated fundus examination conducted with the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope at the initial visit and periodically thereafter.
Proteome Profiling in Lung Injury after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Pulmonary complications due to infection and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), a noninfectious lung injury in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, are frequent causes of transplantation-related mortality and morbidity. Our objective was to characterize the global bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein expression of IPS to identify proteins and pathways that differentiate IPS from infectious lung injury after HSCT. We studied 30 BALF samples from patients who developed lung injury within 180 days of HSCT or cellular therapy transfusion (natural killer cell transfusion). Adult subjects were classified as having IPS or infectious lung injury by the criteria outlined in the 2011 American Thoracic Society statement. BALF was depleted of hemoglobin and 14 high-abundance proteins, treated with trypsin, and labeled with isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) 8-plex reagent for two-dimensional capillary liquid chromatography (LC) and data dependent peptide tandem mass spectrometry (MS) on an Orbitrap Velos system in higher-energy collision-induced dissociation activation mode. Protein identification employed a target-decoy strategy using ProteinPilot within Galaxy P. The relative protein abundance was determined with reference to a global internal standard consisting of pooled BALF from patients with respiratory failure and no history of HSCT. A variance weighted t-test controlling for a false discovery rate of ≤5% was used to identify proteins that showed differential expression between IPS and infectious lung injury. The biological relevance of these proteins was determined by using gene ontology enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We characterized 12 IPS and 18 infectious lung injury BALF samples. In the 5 iTRAQ LC-MS/MS experiments 845, 735, 532, 615, and 594 proteins were identified for a total of 1125 unique proteins and 368 common proteins across all 5 LC-MS/MS experiments. When comparing IPS to infectious lung injury, 96 proteins were differentially expressed. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that these proteins participate in biological processes involved in the development of lung injury after HSCT. These include acute phase response signaling, complement system, coagulation system, liver X receptor (LXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR), and farsenoid X receptor (FXR)/RXR modulation. We identified 2 canonical pathways modulated by TNF-α, FXR/RXR activation, and IL2 signaling in macrophages. The proteins also mapped to blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and wound healing—processes that participate in organ repair. Cell movement was identified as significantly over-represented by proteins with differential expression between IPS and infection. In conclusion, the BALF protein expression in IPS differed significantly from infectious lung injury in HSCT recipients. These differences provide insights into mechanisms that are activated in lung injury in HSCT recipients and suggest potential therapeutic targets to augment lung repair.
Alterations in tyrosine and protein kinetics produced by injury and branched chain amino acid administration in rats.

1. To determine whether the alterations in amino acid metabolism after injury were a result of changes in protein synthesis, whole body tyrosine and individual tissue protein kinetics were estimated 24 h after three different forms of stress in rats. 2. in addition, injured rats were either starved or infused with 180 mg of nitrogen/day (as branched chain amino acids or l-alanine) to ascertain whether the mechanism and degree of nitrogen sparing were unique to branched chain amino acid administration or whether they could be attributed to the infusion of α-amino nitrogen. 3. in the more catabolic types of injury, increased nitrogen loss during starvation appeared to be due to both an increased plasma amino acid appearance and a greater percentage being oxidized. Rates of tyrosine incorporation into whole body protein were also enhanced and could be explained in part by increases in the fractional synthesis rate of hepatic non-secretory protein. 4. Both branched chain amino acid and l-alanine administration reduced endogenous tyrosine oxidation and improved nitrogen balance. However, branched chain amino acid administration significantly increased amino acid incorporation into whole body protein and fractional synthetic rates of skeletal muscle, kidney and hepatic non-secretory protein. 5. It is concluded that the catabolic response to severe injury is consistent with increased rates of plasma amino acid appearance and branched chain amino acid administration spares body protein by improving amino acid utilization for whole body protein synthesis.
Cray-2 supercomputer image enhancement in neuroradiology

Because of its large central memory and high speed, a Cray-2 supercomputer was used to rapidly and simultaneously process entire neuroradiological image datasets. Test MRI sets consisting of quadruple spin echo images of the head, cervical spine and lumbar spine obtained on a General Electric 1.5 T imager were used. Principal component images were first computed and analyzed. A pseudocoloring technique was then applied for combining information from multiple images into a single composite. We found improved distinction between grey and white matter structures, improved visualization of intracranial vasculature and a decrease in the amount of imaging data that needed to be stored and transferred. We conclude that singular forms of neuroradiologic image enhancement are possible with appropriate image processing applications in supercomputer environments.
Association Between Baseline Affective Disorders and 30-Day Readmission Rates in Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery

Background There is a growing understanding of the prevalence and impact of affective disorders on perception of health status in patients undergoing elective spine surgery. However, the role of these disorders in early readmission is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of psychiatric comorbidities on 30-day all-cause readmissions after elective spine surgery. Methods The medical records of 400 patients undergoing elective spine surgery at a major academic medical center were reviewed, of which 107 patients had comprehensive 1- and 2-year patient-reported outcomes data. We identified all unplanned readmissions within 30 days of discharge. The prevalence of affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety, were also assessed. All-cause readmissions within 30 days of discharge was the primary outcome variable. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Approximately 6% of patients in this study were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The rate of readmission was 3-fold more for individuals with a psychiatric comorbidity compared with those without a psychiatric comorbidity (10.34% vs. 3.84%, P = 0.03). In a univariate analysis, race, body mass index, gender, patient age, smoking, diabetes, and fusion levels were associated with increased 30-day readmission rates. However, in a multivariate logistic regression model, depression was an independent predictor of readmission within 30 days of discharge. In addition, there was no significant difference in baseline, 1- and 2-year patient-reported outcomes measures between groups. Conclusions Our study suggests that psychologic disorders, like depression and anxiety, are independently associated with higher all-cause 30-day readmission rates after elective spine surgery.
Nietzsche on Religion

In Book Two, ‘Critique of the Highest Values Hitherto’ of The Will to Power, Nietzsche introduced his ‘Critique of Religion’ with an aphorism which recalls Emerson’s assessment of human nature as well as the ambiguity he saw embedded in human experience. He wrote: All the beauty and sublimity we have bestowed upon real and imaginary things I will reclaim as the property and product of man: as his fairest apology. Man as poet, as thinker, as God, as lover, as power: with what regal liberality has he lavished gifts upon things so as to impoverish himself and make himself feel wretched! His most unselfish act hitherto has been to admire and worship and to know how to conceal from himself that it was he who created what he admired.1 On the one hand, these sentiments celebrate the primacy of the individual as creator. On the other, their irony recollects the human capacity to deny its most fundamental and praiseworthy capacity — its creative will.
An fMRI Study of the Impact of Block Building and Board Games on Spatial Ability

Previous studies have found that block play, board games and puzzles result in better spatial ability. This study focused on examining the differential impact of structured block play and board games on spatial processing. Two groups of eight year olds were studied. One group participated in a five session block play training paradigm and the second group had a similar training protocol but played a word/spelling board game. A mental rotation task was assessed before and after training. The mental rotation task was performed during fMRI to observe the neural changes associated with the two play protocols. Only the block play group showed effects of training for both behavioral measures and fMRI measured brain activation. Behaviorally, the block play group showed improvements in both reaction time and accuracy. Additionally, the block play group showed increased involvement of regions that have been linked to spatial working memory and spatial processing after training. The board game group showed non-significant improvements in mental rotation performance, likely related to practice effects, and no training related brain activation differences. While the current study is preliminary, it does suggest that different “spatial” play activities have differential impacts on spatial processing with structured block play but not board games showing a significant impact on mental rotation performance.
Kidney transplantation as a therapeutic option for end-stage renal disease developing after heart transplantation

Background Progressive renal failure is a frequent complication after heart transplantation (HTx). It may result in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), prompting consideration of kidney Tx after HTx (KAH). Methods We performed a retrospective single-center study of 268 HTx recipients to evaluate outcomes after KAH compared with HTx recipients with and without ESRD. Results During a median follow-up of 76 months, ESRD developed in 51 patients (19), and 39 of them (76%) underwent KAH. The mean time from HTx to ESRD was 83 months. The incidence of switching to a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)–free regimen based on sirolimus was significantly lower among recipients with ESRD (6% vs 57%, p = 0.0001), and prolonged exposure to CNI significantly increased the risk for ESRD (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.15; p p = 0.27) and significantly better compared with HTx recipients with ESRD (17.5 vs 7.3 years, p Conclusions Prolonged exposure to CNI immunosuppression medications significantly increases the risk for ESRD among HTx recipients. KAH is a good therapeutic option for HTx recipients with ESRD, with survival benefit comparable to HTx without ESRD.
Status effects on men's reproductive success

Attempts to gain or maintain status are ubiquitous in human social groups, and are particularly evident among men (1). Status rivalries and maneuvers are a common theme in literary works, and of course are amply described and theorized in the social sciences. Sustained analysis of this topic within an evolutionary framework is comparatively recent, although comparable work on dominance in animal behavior has a longer history (2, 3). The PNAS article by von Rueden and Jaeggi (4) offers important evidence on the evolutionary significance of status acquisition in nonindustrial societies, with a brief comparison with other primates. The authors find a clear link between higher status and various measures of reproductive success, with little effect of subsistence mode but a noticeable difference between strictly monogamous societies and those that practice at least some polygyny.
Methods to Eliminate Localization Bias and Reduce Localization Error in Localization Microscopy Datasets with Non-Uniform Background Fluorescence

Single molecule localization microscopy has become a standard tool for nanoscale imaging of biological systems. However, improper treatment of non-uniform background fluorescence can degrade image accuracy and precision. In particular this can be problematic in cases where the structure being imaged is correlated in space with high background fluorescence. Various methods have already been implemented for correction of background fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate that these background estimation and correction procedures lead to both systematic and random error in emitter localization, under experimentally relevant background conditions.
Exploring the origin of pain of payment in cash and its relevance to computer payment interface

Past research has found that consumers spend more with credit card than with cash. The current studies shows that the necessity to count out cash can partially explain the effect, and the pain of paying due to counting cash is lowered when the process of counting is disrupted. Subjects in Experiments 1 and 2 hypothetically bought office supplies for a company using a computer. In Experiment 1, subjects paid by dragging-and-dropping (DD) images of cash, DD tokens, typing the virtual check amount, or with a one-click credit card payment. Spending was higher with credit card than with tokens or cash. In Experiment 2, subjects paid with cash using one-click and DD interfaces, and credit card with one-click, DD, and swipe-card interfaces. Spending was significantly lower in the DD conditions than in the one-click conditions, while no difference was observed between cash and credit card. Based on a hypothetical financial profile that controls for budget constrain, subjects in Experiments 3 and 4 were asked to pay their past expenses and then indicated their purchase intention for a discretionary product. In Experiment 3, subjects paid with credit card using one-click or regular DD cash interface, or DD cash interface where subjects were asked to either memorize some English letters or the payment amount right before their payment. The pain of paying was significantly lower in the DD cash interfaces with memory load relative to the regular DD cash interface. In Experiment 4 subjects paid with credit card using one-click interface, DD cash interface with bills of small ($20) or larger ($100) denomination. Purchase intention was significantly higher in the large denomination condition relative to the one-click condition while there was no difference in pain of paying across conditions. It is concluded that the need to count cash inhibits spending (Experiment 1 & 2), and the likely mechanism is one’s attention to counting rather than the mental rehearsal of the payment amount (Experiment 3) or physical effort (Experiment 2). In
Authority or Democracy? Integrating Two Perspectives on Equitable Classroom Management in Urban Schools

Classroom management is sometimes dismissed as behaviorist or even oppressive. However, as scholars concerned with issues of equity, we cannot afford to avoid the complexity of authority relationships in urban schools. Doing so undermines our ability to effectively combat the influx of authoritarian disciplinary approaches into these schools and to prepare new urban teachers for the challenges of classroom leadership. In the hopes of furthering consideration of these topics, this article highlights two distinct perspectives on equitable classroom management in urban schools: one emphasizing democratic classrooms, the other emphasizing teacher authority. Though these perspectives may seem contradictory, I argue that a conception of classroom management that incorporates both democracy and authority is critical to effectively addressing the issues highlighted above. Drawing upon theoretical conceptions of authority, studies examining the significance of racial and cultural differences in classroom management, and literature on restorative justice in education, I propose a framework that integrates these two perspectives. This framework suggests that rather than working in opposition to one another, democracy and authority are two sides of the same coin, and one may not be fully possible without the other.
The multiple-comparison trap and the Raven's paradox-perils of using null hypothesis testing in environmental assessment.

Detecting and quantifying environmental thresholds is frequently an important step in understanding ecological responses to environmental stressors. We discuss two statistical issues often encountered in threshold detection and quantification when statistical null hypothesis testing is used as a main analytical tool. The hidden multiple-comparison trap (leading to a much higher risk of a false detection) and Raven’s paradox (rendering a “detection” meaningless) are often obscured when statistical hypothesis testing is used as part of a more elaborate model, especially models based on computer-intensive methods. Using two examples, we show that the hidden multiple-comparison trap can be exposed using computer simulation to estimate the probability of making a false detection; Raven’s paradox can be avoided by clearly stating the null and alternative hypotheses using scientific terms to substantiate that the rejection of the null is equivalent to proving that the alternative of interest is true. The hidden multiple-comparison trap implies that a null hypothesis testing based on a computer-intensive method should be used with caution. The implication of Raven’s paradox requires that we focus on providing evidence supporting the proposed hypothesis or model, rather than seeking evidence against the frequently irrelevant null hypothesis. These two problems, and many others related to null hypothesis testing, suggest that statistical hypothesis testing should be used only as a component of the body of evidence, perhaps, as the devil’s advocate.
Rational Desingularization of a Curve Defined Over a Finite Field

In 1983, the IEEE’s “paper of the year” in Information Theory was Modular Curves, Shimura curves, and Goppa codes, better than Varshamov-Gilbert bound [18]—its authors are Tsfasman, Vladut, and Zink. As the title suggests, the paper established the existence of families of codes with asymptotically “better” parameters than had been thought possible.
ROLE OF THE GILLS | The Osmorespiratory Compromise

The osmorespiratory compromise is a functional conflict between gas exchange and ion regulation that can occur at the gills of fish. Movement of both gases and ions depends upon diffusion, and in freshwater, any increase in surface area and/or reduction in epithelial thickness (lower diffusion distance) to promote O 2 uptake will also elevate rates of salt loss. Conversely, any reduction in surface area and/or increase in diffusion distance to limit ion loss could restrict O 2 uptake. Exercise, acclimation to soft water or freshwater, and gill remodeling are some of the treatments that elucidate the nature of the clash.
Once on Top, Now on Tap: American Physicians View their Relationships with Patients, 1920–1970

Written in 1970 by sociologist Robert N. Wilson, the above statement on the decay of the physician-patient dyad highlights an almost totally neglected issue in contemporary medical literature on team health care: how can the various healing roles be restructured while still preserving individual relationships deemed essential for patient recovery? Phenomena such as medical malpractice, widespread self-care, discontent with the quality of professional care, and non-compliance with physicians’ orders have been blamed on inadequate private rapport between practitioners and their patients ([50], p. 63). How important for healing really is the physician-patient relationship? What are the factors that influence it?1 How can rhetoric be separated from reality? These questions are central to any understanding of the historical role of medicine and as such need to be examined in detail [30].
Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Case Series

Background Embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) has recently been proposed as an alternative to surgery for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (SDH). There is increasing evidence that fragile neovasculature arising from distal branches of the MMA found within the membrane that forms around a chronic SDH is responsible for high recurrence rates due to chronic, repeated rebleeding. Embolization of the MMA could thus potentially eliminate the blood supply to this membrane and prevent further rebleeding. Methods The cases of 6 patients with 7 recurrent SDHs treated with MMA embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles were retrospectively reviewed. Results MMA embolization was performed successfully in all 6 patients with no complications. Of the 7 SDHs treated, 1 required surgical reevacuation due to recurrence. The other 6 were able to avoid surgery, with reduction in size from 12 mm to 11 mm over 3 weeks, 14 mm to 9 mm over 9 weeks, 21 mm to 5 mm over 31 weeks, 17 mm to 9 mm over 12 weeks, 18 mm to 3 mm over 8 weeks, and 25 mm to 6 mm over 24 weeks. All patients had resolution of symptoms at longest follow-up. Conclusions In this case series of 6 patients harboring 7 recurrent, chronic SDHs, 6 of the 7 were successfully treated with MMA embolization and able to avoid surgery for reevacuation, suggesting that this minimally invasive technique may represent an effective alternative to surgery.
Phase II study of intracarotid or selective intracerebral infusion of cisplatin for treatment of recurrent anaplastic gliomas

Purpose: To assess the response of patients with recurrent malignant gliomas to intra-arterial (IA) cisplatin. Methods: Eligibility criteria included patients with recurrent supratentorial malignant gliomas and measurable, unilateral contrast-enhancing tumor located within the territory of one or two major cerebral arteries. Patients received 75 mg/m2 IA cisplatin every four weeks. Depending on individual patients' tumor topography, cisplatin was infused either into the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) (15 patients), or into one or two major cerebral arteries (26 patients), most often the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. Results: Of 40 patients evaluable for tumor response, four patients (10%) were responders and nine patients (22%) had disease stabilization. The median time to tumor progression among the 13 patients with tumor response or stable disease was 23.7 weeks. The response rate did not significantly differ between patients receiving ICA versus selective intracerebral infusion, although the latter group contained a higher proportion of glioblastoma. Tumor progression occurred solely as local failure in 33 patients (82%), with all enhancing tumor still located within the vascular territory infused with IA cisplatin. Ipsilateral vision loss occurred in two patients after ICA cisplatin but in none of the selective infusion patients. Seizures and/or transient or permanent neurologic deterioration occurred in four patients (27%) after ICA cisplatin and in 11 patients (44%) after selective intracerebral infusion. Conclusions: Although this was not a randomized comparison, selective intracerebral artery cisplatin infusion in this group of patients reduced the risk of eye toxicity, but did not produce a better tumor response rate, and carried a higher risk of neurotoxicity relative to ICA infusion.
adductomicsR: A package for detection and quantification of protein adducts from mass spectra of tryptic digests

Summary: Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) has been used to establish a method, referred to as adductomics, for characterisation of putative protein adducts at selected loci in human serum albumin (HSA). Applications of this method have been limited by the lack of software for untargeted analysis of modified peptides in protein digests. Here we present adductomicsR, an open-source R package for processing LC-HRMS data from analysis of adducted HSA peptides. The software interrogates mass spectra to correct for retention-time drift, and to discover and quantify putative adducts along with those for a housekeeping peptide and internal standard. Availability and implementation: adductomicsR is written in R and publicly available at https://github.com/JosieLHayes/adductomicsR, which includes a vignette with example data. Supplementary information: mzXML files for the vignette and test dataset are available in an associated data package adductData (https://github.com/JosieLHayes/adductData).
Meta-communication Between Designers and Players of Interactive Digital Narratives

This study addresses a typically silent dimension of Interactive Digital Narrative (IDN) theory and practice – meta-communication between designer and player. Meta-communication involves directly sharing thoughts and feelings the designer and player have during the development process. We refer to this interaction as “meta-communication” to distinguish it from comments about behavior, such as mentioning options chosen and evaluations of the IDN product. To address foundational questions about meta-communication in the IDN process, we conducted a research workshop with undergraduate novice IDN designers. Participants worked through a series of Twine IDN design-play sessions and made their meta-communication explicit using a think-aloud protocol. Transcriptions of the think-aloud sessions and notes made by designers and players during the IDN design process were analyzed for expressive functions, such as stating confusion or emotion. Analyses of the IDN designs identified structural features such as nodes and connections. Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that the frequency and type of meta-communications relate to the complexity of the final product (connection density). This study contributes a practice-based research approach accounting for inter-subjective dimensions of the IDN experience, thereby adding measurable psychological constructs to IDN theory.
Dictionary Meanings of Identities

Thirty principal components represent convergences in dictionary definitions of identities. Three—Employees, Workers, and Organization Members—are aspects of economy. Four components—Family Relations, Partners, Children, and Sexuality—name facets of family. Three—Religious Ideologues, Christians, and Ceremonialists—are aspects of religion. Four components represent polity: Public Officials, Political Ideologues, Agents, and Martial Identities. Law is represented by a component named Law. Education is represented by a component named Education. A component named Medical Specialists represents medicine. The domain of sport is represented by components named Sports and Players. A component named Performing Arts represents arts. No component in this study represents an institutional domain of science. Results of this large-scale analysis generally parallel a previous analysis of different dictionary data. However, two unexpected domain-like areas appear in the results here: females (based on components named Women and Girls) and race.
Automated System for Small-Population Single-Particle Processing Enabled by Exclusive Liquid Repellency.

Exclusive liquid repellency (ELR) describes an extreme wettability phenomenon in which a liquid phase droplet is completely repelled from a solid phase when exposed to a secondary immiscible liquid...
Brother “Killer” Kane: Resistance, Identification, and the Intersection of Rock Music and Religious Values in New York Doll

ABSTRACTThis essay contributes an analysis of a popular culture text as a mediated representation of conversion and religious identification. Using Kenneth Burke’s (1984) critical concepts of ident...
Controlling images, comments, and online communities: A critical discourse analysis of conversations about Black Women HBCU presidents

Abstract Black women in American society have experienced subjugation to a myriad of narratives created to define them. These narratives and discourses are also present within the higher education sector. However, rarely discussed is the interpretation and public discussion of these experiences and narratives of Black women presidents. This research paper, using a Black Feminist Theory (BFT) lens (Collins, 2002) and critical discourse analysis (CDA), aims to explore public discussion through discourse in publicly accessible comment sections of articles and news reports about Black women HBCU leaders. As we learn more about how Black women HBCU presidents navigate public critique while standing at the intersections of race and gender, this paper will discuss how these findings have implications for Black women leaders in higher education generally and in the HBCU sector specifically.
Characterising social structural and linguistic behaviours of subgroup interactions: a case of online health communities for postpartum depression on Facebook

Online health communities (OHCs) have become a major source of sharing knowledge and social support for people with health concerns. The present paper aimed to extend the previous understanding of community dynamics of two types of members, contributors and lurkers, in OHCs for postpartum depression (PPD). Multi-level analyses were conducted to identify subgroup formation and different roles of members and their interaction patterns within subgroups. Specifically, social structural behaviours in OHCs on Facebook were analysed at both network and node levels in addition to members' sentiment and linguistic behaviours which were analysed in light of members' roles and structural behaviours. Results suggest that structural as well as sentiment and linguistic behaviours of members in OHCs for PPD varied across different groups and roles. While contributors tended to be highly influential as information/support givers, lurkers still formed subgroups to seek for support and information. These findings not only articulated the underlying mechanism of community networks and subgroup formation in OHCs for PPD, but also shed light on ways of facilitating prosperity and sustainability of OHCs.
Induction of a proliferative response in the zebrafish retina by injection of extracellular vesicles.

Ongoing research using cell transplantation and viral-mediated gene therapy has been making progress to restore vision by retinal repair, but targeted delivery and complete cellular integration remain challenging. An alternative approach is to induce endogenous Muller glia (MG) to regenerate lost neurons and photoreceptors, as occurs spontaneously in teleost fish and amphibians. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer protein and RNA cargo between cells serving as a novel means of cell-cell communication. We conducted an in vivo screen in zebrafish to identify sources of EVs that could induce MG to dedifferentiate and generate proliferating progenitor cells after intravitreal injection into otherwise undamaged zebrafish eyes. Small EVs (sEVs) from C6 glioma cells were the most consistent at inducing MG-derived proliferating cells. Ascl1a expression increased after intravitreal injection of C6 sEVs and knockdown of ascl1a inhibited the induction of proliferation. Proteomic and RNAseq analyses of EV cargo content were performed to begin to identify key factors that might target EVs to MG and initiate retina regeneration.
Consumption Equilibrium Asset Pricing in TwoAsian Emerging Markets

We study two Asian emerging financial markets (Korea and Taiwan) using the Consumption-based Capital Asset Pricing Model (CCAPM) of Lucas [Econometrica 46 (1978) 1429]. A cointegration test reveals no long-term relationship between equity prices and dividends in these two countries. The applicability of the CCAPM seems weak in both markets, especially in Taiwan. The highly volatile dividend growth rates nonetheless cannot rationalize the large equity premia (the equity premium puzzle) in both emerging markets. We do not find the risk-free rate puzzle in Korea and, to the contrary, the mean model-implied risk-free rate is much higher than the historical figure in Taiwan.
The Accumulation of Value Over Time

We introduce a purely mathematical measure, Γ, of the accumulation of asset value over time that robustly measures cumulative return against market movement under whatever investment strategy is employed in buying into any given market over any period of time. Requiring no underlying assumptions about price behavior, the purely mathematical factor Γ captures the qualitative and quantitative structural elements of wealth accumulation. In direct application Γ accurately reveals the computational role and influence of volatility and mean price movement in the popular strategy of Dollar Cost Averaging. At the last Γ suggests a proportional Buy&Hold strategy that is generally more successful.
A Modular Self-Reconfigurable Bipartite Robotic System: Implementation and Motion Planning

In this manuscript, we discuss i>I-Cubes, a class of modular robotic system that is capable of reconfiguring itself in 3-D to adapt to its environment. This is a bipartite system, i.e., a collection of (i) active elements for actuation, and (ii) passive elements acting as connectors. Active elements (i>links) are 3-DOF manipulators that are capable of attaching/detaching from/to the passive elements (i>cubes), which can be positioned and oriented using links. Self-reconfiguration capability enables the system to perform locomotion tasks over difficult terrains the shape and size can be changed according to the task. This paper describes the design of the system, and 3-D reconfiguration properties. Specifics of the hardware implementation, results of the experiments with the current prototypes, our approach to motion planning and problems related to 3-D motion planning are given.
Studies of the dependence on oxidation thermal processes of effects on the electrical properties of silicon detectors by fast neutron radiation

High-resistivity silicon detectors along with MOS capacitors made on five silicon dioxides with different thermal conditions (975 degrees C to 1200 degrees C) have been exposed to fast neutron irradiation up to a fluence of a few times 10/sup 14/ n/cm/sup 2/. New measurement techniques such as capacitance-voltage (C-V) of MOS capacitors and current-voltage (I-V) of back-to-back diodes (p/sup +/-n/sup -/-p/sup +/ if n/sup -/ is not inverted to p) or resistors (p/sup +/-p-p/sup +/ if inverted) have been introduced in monitoring the possible type-inversion (n to p) under high neutron fluence. No type-inversion in the material underneath SiO/sub 2/ and the p/sup +/ contact has been observed so far for detectors made on the five oxides up to a neutron fluence of a few times 10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/. However, it has been found that detectors made on higher-temperature oxides (T>or=1100 degrees C) exhibit less leakage current increase at high neutron fluence ( phi >or=10/sup 13/ n/cm/sup 2/). >
Carbon allocation to root and shoot systems of woody plants.

Carbon allocation to roots is of widespread and increasing interest due to a growing appreciation of the importance of root processes to whole-plant physiology and plant productivity. Carbon (C) allocation commonly refers to the distribution of C among plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, roots); however, the term also applies to functional categories within organs such as defense, injury, repair and storage (Mooney, 1972). It also includes C consumed by roots in maintenance respiration and nutrient uptake (Lambers, 1987). In this paper we will use the terms “C allocation,” “C partitioning,” and “component biomass accumulation” (i.e., leaf, stem and root biomass) according to the process-based definitions of Dickson (1989), and Isebrands and Dickson (1991). C allocation is the process of distribution of C within the plant to different parts (i.e., source to “sink”). C partitioning is the process of C flow into and among different chemical fractions (i.e., different molecules, different storage and transport pools). Biomass component accumulation is the end product of the process of C accumulation at a specific sink. In the present review, allocation, partitioning and distribution will be relative terms (e.g., percent of total), whereas growth and accumulation will reflect absolute size (e.g., dry weight, moles of C, etc.).
NMR analysis of dynein light chain dimerization and interactions with diverse ligands.

Abstract NMR is a powerful tool for quantitative measurement of the thermodynamic properties of biological systems. In this review, we discuss the role NMR has played in understanding the various coupled equilibria in dimerization of dynein light chain LC8 and in its interactions with its ligands. LC8, a very highly conserved 89‐residue homodimer also known as DYNLL, is an essential component of the dynein and Myosin V molecular motors and is also found in various other complexes. LC8 binds to disordered segments of its partners, promoting them to dimerize and form more ordered structures, often coiled coils. The monomer‐dimer equilibrium is controlled by electrostatic interactions at the dimer interface, such as by phosphorylation of residue Ser88, which is a regulatory mechanism for LC8 in vivo . NMR experiments have uncovered several subtle interactions‐‐ weak dimerization of a phosphomimetic mutant, and allosteric interaction between the LC8 binding sites‐‐ that have been overlooked by other methods. NMR has also provided a residue‐specific view of the titration of histidine residues at the LC8 dimer interface, and of a nascent helix in one of the binding partners, the primarily disordered dynein intermediate chain IC74. We give special attention to methods for quantitative interpretation of NMR spectra, an important consideration when using NMR to measure equilibria.
MIXING EXACT EXCHANGE WITH GGA: WHEN TO SAY WHEN

The local spin density (LSD) approximation [1] has long been the method of choice for solid-state physics calculations. With the advent of generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) [2–7], density functional calculations for bond energies became an inexpensive alternative to traditional ab-initio quantum chemical calculations [8]. The recently derived PBE approximation [9] reduces the mean absolute error on a set of 20 small molecules from 31 kcal/mol in LSD to 8 kcal/mol. Both LSD and PBE approximations are non-empirical, in that all their parameters (other than the exchange-correlation energy per electron of a uniform gas) are fundamental constants. PBE is a simplification of the PW91 GGA [5–7].
Are We Teaching Ethics in Marketing?: A Survey of Students' Attitudes and Perceptions

This is a descriptive study which examined the attitudes and perceptions of 273 business students at eight universities across the U.S. towards ethics education. The results indicate that students perceive that the level of discussion of ethics and ethical issues ranges from less than adequate in some marketing courses to adequate in others. Sales/sales management courses received the highest ratings for coverage of ethical issues, while transportation/logistics courses scored the lowest. The study also finds that students believe, quite strongly, that the discussion of ethics and ethical issues is worthwhile and important. Many feel a course in business/marketing ethics should be required and more indicate that they would take such a course, if offered, even if it was not required.
Using lean techniques to define the platelet (PLT) transfusion process and cost‐effectiveness to evaluate PLT dose transfusion strategies

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) doses of 1.1 × 1011, 2.2 × 1011, and 4.4 × 1011/m2 body surface area are equally effective in preventing bleeding. These different dose strategies involve different numbers of transfusions. We conducted a cost analysis of three separate PLT dose therapies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A process map of preparation and administration of a PLT transfusion identified 46 steps (23 steps in the blood bank and 23 steps on the care unit). Time studies were conducted for these 46 steps. Supply costs and personnel costs were estimated based on time studies. We conducted a cost analysis of three separate treatment regimes involving 16 transfusions per patient for the low-dose, 12 transfusions for medium-dose, and eight transfusions for high-dose regimes. RESULTS: The time and the cost of the transfusion process for the blood bank were 32.41 minutes and $21.93 per unit, and for the patient care unit, 58.36 minutes and $57.71 per unit. The total cost for a course of PLT therapy per patient ranged from $4503.77 to $7014.59 for three different PLT doses. For a simulated bone marrow transplantation unit with 259 patients annually, there would be approximately a $700,000 difference among the clinically equivalent low-, medium-, and high-dose treatment options. CONCLUSIONS: The overall cost of transfusion therapy is more influenced by the cost of the product than the cost of providing the transfusion. Depending on the cost adjustment by the supplier for different doses of PLTs, a low-dose transfusion strategy can be less costly.
Notes on the Jump of a Structure

We introduce the notions of a complete set of computably infinitary $\Pi^0_n$ relations on a structure, of the jump of a structure , and of admitting n th jump inversion .
When do plants modify fluvial processes? Plant‐hydraulic interactions under variable flow and sediment supply rates

Flow and sediment regimes shape alluvial river channels; yet the influence of these abiotic drivers can be strongly mediated by biotic factors such as the size and density of riparian vegetation. We present results from an experiment designed to identify when plants control fluvial processes and to investigate the sensitivity of fluvial processes to changes in plant characteristics versus changes in flow rate or sediment supply. Live seedlings of two species with distinct morphologies, tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) and cottonwood (Populus fremontii), were placed in different configurations in a mobile sand-bed flume. We measured the hydraulic and sediment flux responses of the channel at different flow rates and sediment supply conditions representing equilibrium (sediment supply = transport rate) and deficit (sediment supply < transport rate). We found that the hydraulic and sediment flux responses during sediment equilibrium represented a balance between abiotic and biotic factors and was sensitive to increasing flow rates and plant species and configuration. Species-specific traits controlled the hydraulic response: compared to cottonwood, which has a more tree-like morphology, the shrubby morphology of tamarisk resulted in less pronation and greater reductions in near-bed velocities, Reynolds stress, and sediment flux rates. Under sediment-deficit conditions, on the other hand, abiotic factors dampened the effect of variations in plant characteristics on the hydraulic response. We identified scenarios for which the highest stem-density patch, independent of abiotic factors, dominated the fluvial response. These results provide insight into how and when plants influence fluvial processes in natural systems.
Model for incorporation of zinc in MOCVD growth of Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P

Data are presented for the Zn doping of Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P, showing that the hole and zinc concentrations increase almost linearly with zinc flow, and also increase with the V/III ratio and growth rate at a fixed V/III ratio. These observations are consistent with other reports that show the incorporation of zinc to increase with growth rate in GaAs deposition and either increase or remain constant with the V/III ratio for both GaAs and Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P deposition by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A model based on varying group V coverage of the step where zinc is most strongly bound is presented and compared with the data. The model explains the increase in zinc incorporation with both the growth rate and the V/III ratio. >
2‐Methyl‐N‐(3‐oxetanylidene)‐2‐propanesulfinamide

[1158098-73-7] C7H13NO2S (MW 175.25) InChI = 1S/C7H13NO2S/c1-7(2,3)11(9)8-6-4-10-5-6/h4-5H2,1-3H3 InChIKey = VKUZMNXQGKBLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Reagent for the asymmetric construction of 3-substituted oxetaneamine derivatives) Alternate Name: oxetan-3-tert-butylsulfinimine. Solubility: soluble in THF, CH2Cl2, dioxane, DMSO, and EtOH. Form Supplied in: yellow oil; widely available. Purification: purified by flash column chromatography with hexane:ethyl acetate (7:3). Due to the volatility of the product, the pure fractions from the column are concentrated at ≈ 20 Torr, followed by brief (10–20 min) exposure to high vacuum (1.0 torr).1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: no reported toxicity.
Who Has Time for Ćejf? Postsocialist Migration and Slow Coffee in Neoliberal Chicago

The official end to communism in Eastern Europe marked the onset of major migratory movements. Perhaps the most abrupt of these population shifts was the displacement of more than two million people in Yugoslavia's violent dissolution. Much of the existing literature on refugee migration has focused on victimization and citizenship claims. Alternatively, I draw on ethnographic research among Bosnian refugee-immigrants in Chicago to examine how a group of adult women migrants used one commodity—coffee—to manage and evaluate their dis- placements. The kind of slow-coffee drinking described here is informed by an ethics of consumption developed under Yugoslav socialism, nostalgias for pre-Yugoslav Islam and pre-Ottoman Bosnia, and exposure to U.S. neolib- eralism. Placing consumption at the center of analysis reveals the structural constraints of the postconflict period and brings to light refugees' active navigations of everyday life and society in their postsocialist present, lived out as refugees in the United States. (coffee, consumption, post-Cold War, neoliberalism, refugees)
A Divalent Metal Ion-Dependent N1-Methyl Transfer to G37-tRNA

Summary The catalytic mechanism of the majority of S -adenosyl methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyl transferases requires no divalent metal ions. Here we report that methyl transfer from AdoMet to N 1 of G37-tRNA, catalyzed by the bacterial TrmD enzyme, is strongly dependent on divalent metal ions and that Mg 2+ is the most physiologically relevant. Kinetic isotope analysis, metal rescue, and spectroscopic measurements indicate that Mg 2+ is not involved in substrate binding, but in promoting methyl transfer. On the basis of the pH-activity profile indicating one proton transfer during the TrmD reaction, we propose a catalytic mechanism in which the role of Mg 2+ is to help to increase the nucleophilicity of N 1 of G37 and stabilize the negative developing charge on O 6 during attack on the methyl sulfonium of AdoMet. This work demonstrates how Mg 2+ contributes to the catalysis of AdoMet-dependent methyl transfer in one of the most crucial posttranscriptional modifications to tRNA.