cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of normal mitosis with complete cytokinesis in central nervous system neurons during sustained depolarization with ouabain

Abstract Ouabain-induced depolarization of culture-matured spinal cord neurons from chick embryos causes the activation of DNA synthesis with subsequent mitotic nuclear division in a large fraction of the cells. Many of the activated neurons do not complete cytokinesis, and the binucleate cells thus formed have served as a convenient index for assaying the effectiveness of mitogenesis induction. However, the fact that the frequency of neurons induced to initiate DNA synthesis is consistently much larger than the frequency of binucleate neurons ultimately observed suggested the possibility that the difference may represent activated neurons that do complete cytokinesis, but go undetected in the binucleate assay cultures. This possibility was explored in the present study by determining the respective frequencies of induced neurons entering mitotic metaphase and completing mitotic telophase, and comparing them with the frequency of binucleate neurons ultimately formed. The results provide further evidence that normal mitogenic and mitotic processes are induced in central nervous system neurons by the depolarization treatment, and indicate that between 40 and 60% of the neurons which complete telophase subsequently undergo complete cytokinesis.
Effects of rhamnolipids and shear on initial attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in glass flow chambers

Solid surfaces in contact with water have been found to be biofouled due to the attachment of various organisms. For better understanding of the biofilm formation, the important initial stage of bacterial attachment was investigated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as a model microorganism. Effects of the biosurfactant rhamnolipids and the shear conditions were particularly examined. A highly reproducible procedure was employed. The procedure involved monitoring and counting the number of attached cells on glass walls of the flow chambers, through which a PAO1 suspension was circulated and, subsequently, a saline solution was passed for washing. The experiments were made under different circulation rates (exerting different shear on the bacteria) and rhamnolipid concentrations. Reproducibility of the procedure was confirmed. The velocity profiles near the flow chamber wall were determined. Rhamnolipids, even at a very low concentration of 13 mg/l, were found to deter the bacterial attachment substantially. Prewashing the cells with a 100 mg/l rhamnolipid solution, however, did not affect the attachment significantly. As for the effect of shear, the PAO1 attachment showed an increasing-then-decreasing trend in the range investigated, i.e., 1.0 to 26 mN/m2 shear stresses at the chamber wall. The diffusion-limited transport of cells to the chamber wall might have contributed to, but could not fully explain, the increasing attachment observed in the very low shear range (up to 3.5–5.0 mN/m2). As compared to static systems, the flow chamber systems significantly improved the reproducibility of initial attachment results. Flow chamber systems were more suitable for experimental investigations of bacterial attachment to surfaces. Rhamnolipids were found to be potent antifoulants for PAO1 attachment on glass. The initial cell attachment increased with increasing shear at the very low shear range (up to 3.5–5.0 mN/m2), but the attachment could be minimized with further increase of the shear.
Structural homology of storage proteins coded by the Hor-1 locus of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Three ‘C’ hordein fractions were prepared by ion-exchange chromatography of a total hordein preparation on carboxymethyl cellulose at pH 4.6 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) at pH 8.9 showed that each fraction contained a single major band. The apparent molecular weights of these were determined by SDS-PAGE as 58, 57, and 54,000. When compared by isoelectric focusing, however, the 58 and 57,000 components each separated into two major bands and the 54,000 component into four. Amino acid analysis showed that although the three fractions had similar compositions with high glutamate+glutamine (38–39%), proline (30–32%) and phenylalanine (8–9%) contents, some differences were present, notably in the relative content of lysine. The three fractions had identical amino acid sequences for the first ten residues at the N-terminal end. They also had identical sequences for the first five residues at the C-terminal end, with the exception that a mixture of two amino acids were released from position 4 of the 58,000 fraction only. Peptide mapping with three enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin and V8 protease) indicated that the 58 and 57,000 fractions were more closely related to each other than to the 54,000 fraction. It is suggested that the 57 and 58,000 fractions and the 54,000 fraction constitute two families of closely related polypeptides which are coded by genes derived from the duplication and divergence of a single ancestral gene.
Determining fourier series coefficients graphically

THE ACCURACY of the Fourier series coefficients when determined by the equation1 $B_{n} = {2 \over m} displaystyle\sum^{m}_{1} \left[y_{k} \sin \ n \left(k - {1 \over 2}\right){2 \pi \over m} \right]$ should receive some consideration.
Effects of acute and repeated restraint stress on corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein mRNA in rat amygdala and dorsal hippocampus

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mediates endocrine, behavioral, and autonomic responses to stress. In addition to binding to two receptor subtypes, CRH binds to a CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP). While CRH-BP is hypothesized to play a role in regulating levels of free CRH and modulating the stress response, the effects of stressors on brain CRH-BP are relatively unexplored. The present study determined effects of acute and repeated restraint on CRH-BP mRNA in basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH), brain regions involved in fear and motivation. Using in situ hybridization, we found that a single acute period of restraint significantly increased CRH-BP mRNA in BLA by 20% but had no effect in DH. Repeated restraint had no effect on basal levels of CRH-BP mRNA in BLA or DH. Importantly, repeated restraint blocked the effects of acute restraint in the BLA. These results demonstrate differential effects of acute and repeated restraint on CRH-BP mRNA.
Mapping of human and murine genes for latent TGF-β binding protein-2 (LTBP2)

A novel gene, isolated because of structural similarities to fibrillin, was called LTBP2 when its 4.6-kb transcript was found to encode a protein sequence related to the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP1), which is encoded on human chromosome (Chr) 2, region p12-q22. We have assigned the human and murine LTBP2 loci to regions of conserved synteny on human Chr 11 and mouse Chr 19. By PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization, LTBP2 was mapped to human Chr band 11q12 and Ltbp2 to mouse Chr band 19B. Differences between inbred strains were discovered by single-strand conformation analysis of PCR products from the 3′ untranslated region. Analysis of BXD and AKXL recombinant inbred strains have placed Ltbp2 between D19Rp19 and Ly10 on proximal mouse Chr 19.
Questions for Leonardo

Leonardo, how crowded it must be where science, thought, and art cross paths. What signs triggered your brain? What sounds? And what defines the shape, the tone, the continuity of light, of war, man’s lust, geometry, and of your rhythm, motion, sight? Your lines show how, in man and horse, muscle aligns, show flight, His meal, her smile—show how we see. Can you still see? Where does your vision end? Men don’t agree on where life is confined or at what point a spirit will diminish. Tell me, what final form did you intend? What elements competed for your mind? And now, if you stood here, what would you finish? Acad. Quest. (2011) 24:222 DOI 10.1007/s12129-011-9221-3
Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification: Implications for Access

On July 1, 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board officially adopted the Accounting Standards Codification as the sole source of generally accepted accounting principles. The codification i...
Resistance of a water switch

Summary form only given. This paper re-examines the assumptions used in the Braginskii arc expansion model when it is applied, as by Martin, to water breakdown channels. In particular the electrical conductivity of water in the channel is allowed to vary with temperature and a more realistic radiation estimate is adopted. These relations are used in a zero-dimensional lumped model of the channel. The resulting channel temperatures are higher than those typically used in gas breakdown studies, and because of the hydrogen component of water, the resulting growth of conductivity with temperature is correspondingly more pronounced. These results are compared to one-dimensional simulations using the ALEGRA-HEDP code. A simplified form of the zero dimensional model, which is easily implemented as a nonlinear circuit element, is also briefly described. Finally, experiments done in the Sandia National Laboratories Z20 test stand are discussed and compared to the model results
Energy Spectrum of Charged Particles Emitted Following Muon Capture in Si 28

Charged particle energy spectrum high resolution study following muon capture in Si-28 using Si/Li/ detector
Fertility of Bovine Spermatozoa Stored at Minus 79° C. for One Week and for Seventeen Weeks

Summary In a split-ejaculate experiment involving 75 ejaculates from eight Holstein sires during two 3-month experimental periods, the 60- to 90-day percentage nonreturns was 71.0 for 1,278 first services to unfrozen semen, 73.2 for 1,151 first services to frozen semen stored 1 week at −79° C., and 69.8 for 1,094 first services to frozen semen stored 17 weeks at −79° C. These differences, which were not significant even at the 10% level of probability, confirm the previous results with frozen semen reported from this laboratory. The average spermatozoan survival rate for all ejaculates was 77% after 1 week storage and 62% after 17 weeks storage at −79° C. The estimated number of motile spermatozoa per milliliter of extended semen at the time of breeding was 8.6×10 6 , 11.6×10 6 , and 9.3×10 6 for the unfrozen, 1-week frozen, and 17-week frozen semen, respectively. Within treatments, there were no significant and useful correlations between the number of spermatozoa inseminated and fertility. A frozen semen kit capable of maintaining a temperature of approximately −79° C. for 6 days with a loss of 2lb. of Dry Ice per day is described.
Examining preschool teachers' attitudes, comfort, action orientation and preparation to work with children reared by gay and lesbian Parents

The present study assessed preschool teachers' attitudes towards homosexuality, their comfort levels in working with same sex parents and their children, their action orientation and preparedness to work on this topic. Twenty teachers from public schools and 20 from private child care settings in North Carolina, USA, participated in the study. Two standardised surveys were used to gather data. Overall, teachers seemed to hold a positive attitude towards homosexuality. However, European American teachers were more positive in their attitudes than their African American counterparts. Further, most teachers' comfort in working with gay and lesbian parents and their disposition towards being action oriented were only significant at the attitudinal level. Teachers' comfort and action orientation were not significantly correlated with each other. Additionally, older teachers (in terms of age and years of experience) attributed college preparation to be an important factor in their preparation of this topic. Tea...
The Elastic Scattering of Particles by Atomic Nuclei

The description of the elastic scattering of particles by atomic nuclei in terms of the optical model is studied. It is shown that the optical model does not represent only an approximation to the many-body problem, although the optical model potential must in general be considered to contain spin-orbit couplings. An explicit expression is obtained for the optical model potential in terms of the amplitudes for scattering of the incident particle by the individual neutrons and protons of the nucleus. The potential also depends upon correlations in the positions of the nuclear particles. A calculation of the parameters of the optical model seems to be in good agreement with some meson scattering experiments.
Zoster-like eruptions caused by the virus of herpes simplex

Abstract Five patients presenting a zoster-like eruption are described. The virus of herpes simplex was isolated from the cutaneous lesions of each patient. A possible explanation of the pathogenesis of zosteriform disease caused by simplex virus is suggested. Further evidence of the neurotropism of the virus of herpes simplex in man is offered.
Demonstration of Continuous Electrowetting Actuation

Electrowetting is the change in apparent surface energy of a liquid in an applied electric field. It has shown great promise in diverse applications including lab-on-a-chip and electronic displays. The electrowetting response is typically considered independent of the actuation voltage polarity. This paper describes a new approach that achiees actuation in different directions for positive and negative voltage polarities using the electrochemical characteristics of aluminum electrodes. This paper presents a concept for continuous actuation of a droplet using a single electrode and DC voltage based on this effect. Initial experiments demonstrate that droplet motion is possible. Measurements of voltage drop across aluminum electrodes confirms the polarity-dependent response of the electrodes.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Novel Copper(I) Halide Polymers: Structures of Cu2Br2(2,3-dimethylquinoxaline) and (2,3-Di(bromomethyl)quinoxalinium)CuBr2. The Continuing Saga of Copper(II) Bromide Reactivity with Organoamines

The reaction of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline (dmq) with copper(II) halides in water/ethanol solution yields a variety of copper(I) compounds. The major products have the stoichiometry (dmq)Cu2X2. Crystal structure analysis of the bromide compound reveals the presence of Cu4Br4 tetramers with a chair conformation. These are linked into chains by pairs of dmq ligands. Upon prolonged heating of the system, a compound can be isolated in which both of the methyl groups of the dmq molecule have been monobrominated. The crystal structure of this compound, (dBrdmqH)CuBr2, contains one dimensional (CuBr2)nn- chains of edge shared tetrahedra.
Withanolides are Potent Novel Targeted Therapeutic Agents Against Adrenocortical Carcinomas

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, as a majority of patients present with advanced disease. Current adjuvant strategies for metastatic patients include mitotane or other cytotoxic agents and carry a significant morbidity as well as a low (<10 %) 5-year survival. Withanolides, including withaferin A, are novel chemotherapeutic agents with potent targeted effects in medullary thyroid cancer and a number of solid malignancies with low toxicity in vivo. We hypothesize that novel naturally derived withanolides will have potent targeted anti-cancer activity against ACCs. In vitro cell viability of ACC cell lines (Y1 and SW13) was measured using MTS cell proliferation assay. Cell cycle and apoptotic analysis studied using annexin V/propidium iodide staining on flow cytometry (FC) and targeted molecular mechanisms of withanolide cytotoxicity were assessed using standard Western blot analysis. All the withanolides potently reduced ACC cell viability on MTS assay with 7- to 185-fold higher selectivity than normal fibroblasts. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a shift in cell cycle arrest from G1/G0 to G2/M with induction of apoptosis at nanomolar concentrations of withanolides. Unlike current ACC therapeutics, withanolides modulated expression of several key oncogenic pathway proteins in ACCs by Western blot, including Jagged 1, MAPK, and Akt/mTOR pathway proteins in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h drug treatment of SW13 cells. These results demonstrate the first evidence of the anticancer efficacy of withanolides in ACC cells and provide support for future translational evaluation of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents for ACC patients.
Diurnal Radiance and Shadow Fluntuations in a Cold Desert Shrub Plant C Community

Abstract Remote sensing data can be acquired during different times of the year and different times of the day using satellite or aircraft systems. Radiance values of pixels vary with ground target, latitude, time of year, and the time of day for both aerial and ground-measured data. An understanding of the resulting fluctuations in spectra provides information necessary to improve the interpretation of airborne and satellite data. Aerial and field measured spectra v vary for a typical desert shrub plant community with low vegetation cover (27%) and considerable shade differences and bare ground. Low shadow percentages were found from 1000 to 1650 h Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) in July and between 1100 and 1500 PDT in September. Both ground-measured and 5 × 5 m aerial pixels had low radiance values (corrected for a 45° sun-angle) at 0800 PDT and higher radiance values throughout the day until solar zenith. September data had a greater range of values compared to July data. MSS7 / MSS5 and MSS6 / MSS5 ratiobased indices were higher in July than September, indicating a higher photosynthetically active biomass in the shrub component in July. Vegetation index measurements varied throughout the day and from season to season and were influenced by solar altitude and the amount of bare soil, plant biomass, and shadow present.
Analysis of brand preference segments

Abstract Market segments are defined in this article on the basis of a vector of preference levels for alternative brands. The proposed analytical procedure does not require the usual assumption of homogenous perceptions. The resulting segments are shown to differ in perceptions of the brands, correlations of attribute-specific perceptions with preference, and product-oriented AIO measures. A common joint space developed from a common discriminanr configuration of brand perceptions is compared with separate joint spaces for two of the segments. The results reveal unique brand configurations and attribute orientations for these segments, and the fit of preference vectors in these unique spaces is superior to that in the common joint space. These findings lead to the conclusion that the commonly made assumption of homogenous preceptions is unwarranted and can lead to erroneous managerial implications.
Topologies and relative energies of stacking faults occurring in the close-packed phases of Li.

We utilize a continuum Ginzburg-Landau theory to predict both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous structures that can result in bcc-to-9{ital R} and bcc-to-fcc martensitic structural phase transformations. The simple proposition is made that the stacking faults that occur during the transitions to these structures are low-energy (static) structural excitations of the displacement pattern connecting parent and product phases. Then, a discussion of the topologies of the stacking faults, and their relative energies, predicted to occur in 9{ital R} and fcc Li are shown to be in agreement with the observed shifts of the Bragg peaks of the product phases from their ideal positions.
Clinical Correlates of ADHD in Females: Findings From a Large Group of Girls Ascertained From Pediatric and Psychiatric Referral Sources

ABSTRACT Objective The scientific literature about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based almost exclusively on male subjects, and girls with ADHD may be underidentified and undertreated. The aim of this study was to examine clinical correlates of ADHD in females using comprehensive assessments in multiple domains of functioning. Method Subjects were 140 girls with ADHD and 122 comparison girls without ADHD ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources of the same age and social class. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews, psychometric tests assessing intellectual functioning and academic achievement, as well as standardized assessments of interpersonal, school, and family functioning by raters who were blind to clinical diagnosis. Results Compared with female controls, girls with ADHD were more likely to have conduct, mood, and anxiety disorders; lower IQ and achievement scores; and more impairment on measures of social, school, and family functioning. Conclusions These results extend to girls previous findings in boys indicating that ADHD is characterized by prototypical core symptoms of the disorder, high levels of comorbid psychopathology, and dysfunction in multiple domains. These results not only support findings documenting phenotypic similarities between the genders but also stress the severity of the disorder in females. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1999, 38(8):966–975.
Studies on the attraction of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae) to man

A simple olfactometer was constructed for studying physical and chemical factors attracting Aedes aegypti (L.) man. A stream of 1% CO2 in air activated and attracted the mosquitoes. It was more attractive at 60% relative humidity (rh) than at the other rh tested (26%, 42%, 76% and 90%). Mosquitoes were deterred from high rh (76% and 90%), but thirsty mosquitoes were attracted to high rh (76%). Mosquitoes were attracted to convection heat (34°C) if the air was humid (40% rh) and to a warm air stream if the air was humid (60% rh), but not if the air was dry. The attraction of mosquitoes to lactic acid was confirmed. When passed over a human forearm, a 1% CO2 stream was more attractive than a stream of air, though both attracted mosquitoes. One percent CO2 at 34°C and 60% rh was as attractive as 1% CO2 passing over the forearm. A 5% stream of CO2 passed over glass beads upon which emanation of the forearm had been trapped attracted mosquitoes from 1–5 min., depending on how much emanation had been trapped. The causes for discrepancy in the results of various investigators on the responses of mosquitoes to CO2 and humidity are discussed.
In Vivo Depletion of Pituitary Growth Hormone by Hypothalamic Extracts

Acetic acid extracts of beef and pork pituitary stalk and median eminence (SME) were tested for their effect on the pituitary content of growth hormone (GH). These extracts were injected into the carotid arteries of normal male rats and 15 min later anterior pituitaries were removed. GH content of pooled pituitaries from each experimental group was measured by the “tibia test” method of Greenspan et al. Pituitary GH content in the saline-injected group was 38.9 μg/mg wet pituitary. Beef and pork SME extracts caused depletion of pituitary GH content to 9.9 and 7.9 μg/mg, respectively. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between the extracts and depletion of pituitary GH. The minimum effective dose of beef and pork SME extracts was 0.001 SME fragment. Comparable cerebral cortex extract, vasopressin, α-MSH and oxytocin had no effect on pituitary GH content. These findings indicate that a growth hormone releasing factor (s) (GRF) is present in beef and pork SME. (Endocrinology 77: 759, 1965)
On-chip Context Save and Restore of Hardware Tasks on Partially Reconfigurable FPGAs

Partial reconfiguration (PR) of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) enables hardware tasks to time multiplex PR regions (PRRs) by isolating reconfiguration to only the reconfigured PRR, which avoids halting the entire FPGA's execution. Time multiplexing PRRs requires support for unloading/loading tasks and for resuming a task's execution state. In order to resume a task's execution state, the execution state (context) must be saved when the task is unloaded so that the execution state can be restored when the task resumes- context save (CS) and context restore (CR), respectively. In this paper, we present a software-based, on-chip context save and restore (CSR) for PR-capable FPGAs. As compared to prior work, our CSR is autonomous (i.e., does not require any external host support), does not require custom on-chip hardware, is portable across any system design, and does not require tool flow modifications or special tools. Experimental results extensively evaluate the CSR execution time based on PRR size, enabling designers to trade off PRR granularity for CSR execution time based on application requirements.
Attitudes Toward Younger and Older Adults: An Updated Meta‐Analytic Review

This meta-analytic review of 232 effect sizes showed that, across five categories, attitudes were more negative toward older than younger adults. Perceived age differences were largest for age stereotypes and smallest for evaluations. As predicted by social role theory (Eagly, 1987), effect sizes were reduced when detailed information was provided about the person being rated. The double standard of aging emerged for evaluations and behavior/behavioral intentions, but was reversed for the competence category. Perceptions depended on respondent age also. Results demonstrated both the multi-dimensionality and the complexity of attitudes toward older adults (Hummert, 1999; Kite & Wagner, 2002).
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dated Sediments from Green Bay and Lake Michigan

Sediment cores from two locations in Green Bay and two in lake Michigan were analyzed for 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), loss-on-ignition (LOI),210Pb,137Cs, and7Be to study differences in deposition patterns between the freshwater estuary Green Bay, with several local sources, and the open Lake Michigan, dominated by atmospheric inputs. We found that the remote sites receive relatively less high-molecular weight PAHs such as ideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(ah)anthracene and are more depleted in anthracene and pyrene. This may be related to a low Henry’s law constant for the high molecular compounds and to selective photo-oxidation of anthracene and pyrene during transport. While sedimentation rates are higher in Green Bay than in the open lake, the PAH levels are generally comparable (0.3–8.5 μg g−1) in the two areas. However, the highest PAH levels are found in a core from Green Bay (GB88G). The two Green Bay cores have total PAH concentration maxima in 1985, which appear to be related to the combustion of petroleum. Also, one Green Bay core (GB88G) and the two from Lake Michigan exhibit PAH maxima in the early 1950s in agreement with observations from other study areas. There is a significant correlation between total PAH and LOI, and thus total organic carbon, for the Green Bay cores, but little or no such correlation for the Lake Michigan cores. This may indicate that PAHs in Green Bay are effectively scavenged by settling detritus.
Ambiguity in policy discourse: Congressional talk about immigration

Talk about immigration legislation in Congress between 1975 and 1986 drew upon competing interpretive frameworks to define ambiguous policy areas. The problem for both legislators and witnesses, as it is for all social actors, was that social realities are not objectively constituted, but socially constructed and tendentious. This essay is a cultural analysis of the language practices of legislators and other participants in the discussions, through which they created understandings of immigration. Congressional talk about immigration invoked the natural history language of ‘population.’ Despite an explicitly stated intention to avoid racist, nativist or jingoistic talk, which was largely achieved, this population talk, drawing on the ambiguous properties of language, allowed such prohibited concepts to be expressed. Particular understandings of race, gender, and class were reproduced, and not avoided or dismantled, by use of the natural history framework. It enabled speakers to displace fears and ambiguities onto objects of their talk, groups which were variously identified as ‘the problem.’ Data come from transcripts of hearings and speeches in Congress and from publications of the US Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy.
Convergence-provable statistical timing analysis with level-sensitive latches and feedback loops

Statistical timing analysis has been widely applied to predict the timing yield of VLSI circuits when process variations become significant. Existing statistical latch timing methods are either having exponential complexity or unable to treat the random variable's self-dependence caused by the coexistence of level-sensitive latches and feedback loops. In this paper, an efficient iterative statistical timing algorithm with provable convergence is proposed for latch-based circuits with feedback loops. Based on a new notion of iteration mean, we prove that the algorithm converges unconditionally. Moreover, we show that the converged value of iteration mean ca be used to predict the circuit yield during design time. Tested by ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits, the proposed algorithm shows a error of 1.1% and speedup of 303 /spl times/ on average when compared with the Monte Carlo simulation.
The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with flaps.

Abstract Chronic osteomyelitis frequently fails to heal because of the fibrosis in the soft parts which reduces the blood supply. The circulation can be improved by excision and relaxation of the indurated and fibrosed areas and covering the defects with normal tissue. The most desirable coverage is with skin and fat in the form of flaps. The flaps can be secured from the sides of the same leg if the tissue is fairly normal and the defects created by the shifting flaps can be covered with split grafts. The flap can be secured from the opposite leg or the abdomen if the tissue on the affected leg is not satisfactory for a shift. In case it is not possible to cover the area with a flap, skin grafts either as split grafts or small deep grafts can be used to cover the defect created by excision of the indurated tissue around the involved bone which is also clean to permit grafting.
LONG-TERM FOLLOWUP OF ENDOSCOPIC INCISION OF URETEROCELES: INTRAVESICAL VERSUS EXTRAVESICAL

Purpose: Endoscopic incision was performed as the initial therapy for ureteroceles in children presenting to our institutions between 1985 and 1990. To assess the long-term efficacy of this treatment modality we reevaluated the outcome of these patients.Materials and Methods: Parameters reviewed included patient age at surgery, position of the ureterocele, a duplex system, preoperative and postoperative reflux, and the need for additional operations. Statistical analysis consisted of chi-square and Wilcoxon’s rank sum tests.Results: Of the patients 22 had intravesical and 22 had extravesical ureteroceles. Average age at initial surgery was 1.9 ± 3.7 years with average followup of 7.2 ± 3.1 years. A second operation was required in 18 cases (41%), which was significantly more likely for an extravesical ureterocele (18% versus 64%, p = 0.002), a duplex system (p = 0.026) or preoperative reflux (p = 0.02). Second operations included reimplantation in 13 cases, upper pole partial nephrectomy in 7, total nephr...
Sequential changes in ornithine decarboxylase thymidine kinase, and other enzyme activities in regenerating liver in rats on controlled feeding schedules.

Abstract The changes in activity of five enzymes including ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), thymidine kinase (TK), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and serine dehydratase (SDH) in the early stage of the regenerating rat liver have been studied under a controlled feeding and lighting schedule. The first three enzyme activities were stimulated sequentially by partial hepatectomy. The earliest response was observed in ODC activity. A significant increase in this enzyme activity was observed at 2 hrs and the maximal level was at 4 hrs after the operation. TAT began to increase at 4 hrs and the maximal level was at 8 hrs. The TK activity was induced at about 24 hrs and the highest value was at 48 hrs after partial hepatectomy. A significant decrease in OAT activity was observed at 24 hrs after the operation and subsequently. Although a decrease in SDH activity was also observed this decrease did not seem to correlate directly with the regeneration process, since a lowered level of the enzyme activity was also found in the sham operated group.
Increasing fluency in young stutterers vs decreasing stuttering: A clinical approach☆

Abstract An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of young stutterers is presented in this paper. It is suggested that it is possible to detect awareness of stuttering in children as young as two by means of projective drawings. Once an awareness of stuttering is detected in young stutterers, a process of therapy must be initiated. Whenever children do not indicate awareness of stuttering, therapy should not be recommended. Therapy must concentrate on helping the child become aware of his natural fluencies and on increasing his abilities to speak fluently. In this way, the child could learn to monitor his natural and learned fluencies and to become his own reinforcing agent. Methods which concentrate on stuttering and its modification are discounted due to the possibility that they might increase nonfluencies.
Experimental results on combined ultraviolet-proton excitation of moon rock luminescence.

The experimental results reported indicate that a small synergistic effect may exist between near-UV radiation and solar-wind-energy protons in solar radiation that could slightly enhance luminescence generation on the moon's surface. The magnitude of the effect, however, is far too small to account for the apparent orders-of-magnitude discrepancy between reported telescope measurements of lunar luminescence and the limitation of lunar luminescence intensity based on lab studies of moon rocks.
Gravitational wave missions from LISA to Big Bang Observer

Gravitational waves provide a new means to view the universe complimentary to the view provided by electromagnetic radiation.
Reflections of an affirmative action baby

* On Being a Black Intellectual On Being An Affirmative Action Baby * Racial Preferences? So What? * The Representative of the People * The Best Black * Racial Justice on the Cheap On Being A Black Dissenter * Silencing Dissent * On Contenting Oneself with Silence * Why Black Conservative Is Pejorative * Silencing Doubt On Solidarity And Reconciliation * The Special Perspective * Special But Equal * Racial Solidarity and the Black Intellectual
Factor analysis of internal and external self-control practices for alcohol consumption.

A factor analysis of specific alcohol-related self-control practices reported by 410 young adults who completed a Self-control Questionnaire, consisting of both internal and external self-control m...
An L1-like molecule, the 8D9 antigen, is a potent substrate for neurite extension.

Abstract The 8D9 antigen, a cell surface protein isolated from chicken brain that is related to the L1 class of cell adhesion molecules, is shown to contain an activity that promotes the attachment of neurons and the outgrowth of neurites from chicken tecta and mouse cerebellum. When purified 8D9 antigen is attached to a nitrocellulose-coated substrate, neurons rapidly attach and extend unfasciculated neurites. Little or no attachment of astroglia, oligodendroglia, and fibroblast-like cells to the 8D9 antigen is observed. We propose that a function of the 8D9 antigen is that of a neurite extension-promoting substrate in axon fascicles and in regeneration of peripheral nerves.
Toward an Improved Methodology to Construct and Reconcile Decision Analytic Preference Judgments

Psychologists and behavioral economists have documented a variety of judgmental flaws that people make when they face novel decision situations. Similar flaws arise when decision analysts work with decision makers to assess their preferences and trade-offs, because the methods the analyst uses are often unfamiliar to the decision makers. In this paper we describe a process designed to mitigate the occurrence of such biases; it brings together three steps. In training, the decision maker is first given values to apply in judgment tasks unrelated to the decision at hand, providing an introduction to thinking deliberately and quantitatively about preferences. In practice, the learned tasks are then applied to a familiar decision, with the goal of developing the next incremental level of expertise in using the methods. Finally, in application, the more deliberative style of thinking is used to address the problem of interest. In an environmental resource setting with two oyster habitat managers, we test the procedure by attempting to mitigate the prominence effect that has been reported in the behavioral research literature. The resulting preference weights appear to be free of the prominence effect, providing initial steps toward operationalizing the “building code” for preferences introduced by Payne et al. [Payne JW, Bettman JR, Schkade DA 1999 Measuring constructed preferences: Towards a building code. J. Risk Uncertainty 191--3:243--270].
Risks of human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents attending three diverse clinics.

This study was performed to identify specific high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse and substance abuse, associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents attending three diverse clinics located in a localized geographic area: a university-based clinic, a Planned Parenthood clinic, and an inner-city public health clinic (PHC). Six hundred seventy-one female and 207 male adolescents attending one of the three clinics completed a structured questionnaire. Similarities among patients at the clinic sites included high rates of anal intercourse (21%), unprotected vaginal sex (95%), oral sex (73%), and poor communication skills (42%). Some differences appeared as well, including higher rates of homosexual experiences, no birth control use, and having multiple partners among adolescents attending the PHC ( p p
Double-Carrier Injection and Negative Resistance in CdS

Light-sensitive, negative-resistance characteristics, arising from double-carrier injection, have been observed in selected CdS single crystals. The double injection, occurring at Ag and In contacts, is accompanied by relatively intense light emission (green edge fluorescence) even at low injection levels (field strengths often less than 10 V/cm) and the emission is observed largely in the neighborhood of the positive Ag electrode. After appropriate light stimulation of these crystals, pronounced and reproducible negative resistance and semiconductor "regimes," as well as "current oscillations," have been observed at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; negative resistance and low-injection-level, space-charge-limited current regions ($I\ensuremath{\propto}{V}^{2}$) have been observed at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Negative resistance has been observed at low-field strengths (50 V/cm) in optically stimulated samples; no direct evidence of breakdown effects was observed in unstimulated samples up to a few kV/cm. In terms of Lampert's double-injection (semiinsulator) model, injection-level-dependent hole lifetimes are indicated at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; also, optical-stimulation, level-dependent $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics are indicated at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The $I\ensuremath{-}V$ characteristics are discussed in terms of Lampert's theory, as well as a breakdown-induced injection theory due to Steele, Ando, and Lampert. A previously proposed mechanically excited emission model, due to Warschauer and Reynolds, is invoked to explain a possible mechanism for double injection in these unusual crystals.
Regulation of cell migration in atherosclerosis

In response to vascular injury, monocytes and smooth muscle cells migrate to the intimal space, resulting in the formation of atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions. Several different growth factors and cytokines have been identified as mediators of cellular migration in the development of neointimal lesions. The principle mediator of monocyte adhesion and recruitment to the injured vascular wall is monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that the atherogenic properties of angiotensin II are due to its ability to induce monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and promote monocyte migration to the vascular wall. Ligand-induced activation of receptor tyrosine kinases are the principle mechanism for smooth muscle cell migration following vascular injury. The signaling pathways mediating receptor-tyrosine kinase-induced migration of smooth muscle cells are also discussed.
The association between menopausal symptoms and quality of life in midlife women

This cross-sectional study examined 1,096 midlife women, associating menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sore joints, incontinence, irritability, mood changes, and headache, with quality of life (QOL), as measured using Cantril's Ladder of Life. The results showed that low QOL may be significantly associated with feeling tense and mood changes, but not the other selected symptoms.
Comparison of performance of various tumour response criteria in assessment of regorafenib activity in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib.

Abstract Purpose To compare performance of various tumour response criteria (TRCs) in assessment of regorafenib activity in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) with prior failure of imatinib and sunitinib. Methods Twenty participants in a phase II trial received oral regorafenib (median duration 47 weeks; interquartile range (IQR) 24–88) with computed tomography (CT) imaging at baseline and every two months thereafter. Tumour response was prospectively determined on using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1, and retrospectively reassessed for comparison per RECIST 1.0, World Health Organization (WHO) and Choi criteria, using the same target lesions. Clinical benefit rate [CBR; complete or partial response (CR or PR) or stable disease (SD) ⩾ 16 weeks] and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between various TRCs using kappa statistics. Performance of TRCs in predicting overall survival (OS) was compared by comparing OS in groups with progression-free intervals less than or greater than 20 weeks by each TRC using c-statistics. Results PR was more frequent by Choi (90%) than RECIST 1.1, RECIST 1.0 and WHO (20% each), however, CBR was similar between various TRCs (overall CBR 85–90%, 95–100% agreement between all TRC pairs). PFS per RECIST 1.0 was similar to RECIST 1.1 (median 44 weeks versus 58 weeks), and shorter for WHO (median 34 weeks) and Choi (median 24 weeks). With RECIST 1.1, RECIST 1.0 and WHO, there was moderate concordance between PFS and OS (c-statistics 0.596–0.679). Choi criteria had less favourable concordance (c-statistic 0.506). Conclusions RECIST 1.1 and WHO performed somewhat better than Choi criteria as TRC for response evaluation in patients with advanced GIST after prior failure on imatinib and sunitinib.
Indo-U.S. Workshop on Pharmaceutical Cocrystals and Polymorphs

An Indo−U.S. bilateral meeting on Pharmaceutical Cocrystals and Polymorphs was jointly sponsored by the Indo−U.S. Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) and the U.S. National Science Foundation. This workshop meeting was held in the historic Mysore city, located about 150 km from Bangalore, on February 8−10, 2009. The American and Indian delegations included editors of Crystal Growth & Design.
Unexpected behavior of the antiferromagnetic mode of NiO

Although NiO is often considered the classic example of an antiferromagnetic insulator, recent investigations have revealed unexplained features of the magnon spectrum. The present study of the temperature and polarization behavior of first-order magnetic Raman scattering reveals that the polarization selection rules are not described by the generally accepted antisymmetric scattering tensor. The inclusion of quadratic magneto-optic coupling terms can explain the symmetry of the scattering tensor, but does not lead to results consistent with the accepted [112] spin alignment direction. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Noise pre-filtering techniques in fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography.

In this contribution, different measurement noise pre-filtering techniques were developed using frequency-domain fluorescence measurements of homogeneous breast phantoms. We demonstrated that implementing noise pre-filtering, based on modulation depth and measurement error in amplitude, can improve model match between experimental and simulated data under varying experimental conditions (target depths, 1–3 cm and fluorescence optical contrast, 1:0 and 100:1). Noise pre-filtering also improves the qualitative estimation of target(s) location in reconstructed images in deep target(s) when there was fluorescence in the background. Interestingly, decreases in model mismatch did not necessarily correlate with increases in reconstructed target accuracy. In addition, it was observed that pre-filtering measurement noise using different criteria can help differentiate target(s) from artifacts, thus possibly minimizing the false-positive cases in a clinical environment.
New serratane triterpenes from western white pine bark

Abstract Three new serratanes were isolated from the nonsaponifiable fraction of western white pine ( Pinus monticola Dougl.) bark. The compounds were shown to be 3β-methoxyserrat-14-ene-21α,30-diol ( 8a ), 3β-methoxyserrat-14-ene-21α, 29-diol ( 9a ), and 3β-methoxyserrat-14-ene-21β,30-diol ( 10a ), by a combination of chemical, and spectral methods.
Intermittent failure of local conduction during ventricular tachycardia.

Forty-three patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) caused by prior myocardial infarction underwent intraoperative endocardial activation mapping during a total of 122 episodes of VT. Electrograms obtained during mapping were analyzed to determine the prevalence of local conduction failure during VT (defined as a portion of the local electrogram that did not repeat with every tachycardia cycle). Local conduction failure during VT was observed in 37 (86%) patients and 73 (65%) tachycardias. VT in which local conduction failure was observed were faster than VTs without local conduction failure (cycle length 315 vs 345 msec; p less than .05). Local conduction failure occurred most frequently at or near sites having the earliest recorded electrical activity during VT ("site of origin"). Twenty-three patients also had sinus rhythm endocardial mapping at the time of surgery. Areas with abnormal or fractionated electrograms in sinus rhythm were more likely to demonstrate local conduction failure in ...