cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In the marketplace of transgression: Throbbing Gristle and the pornographic imaginary

I wish to examine the relationship between sexual representation and the work of the British industrial band Throbbing Gristle, who exemplify what might now be termed alt culture. A massively influ...
Impacts of Geochemical Reactions on Geologic Carbon Sequestration

In the face of increasing energy demands, geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) is a promising option to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. To ensure the environmental sustainability of thi...
Effect of Hormones on Contraction of Striated Muscle and oil Choline Esterase Activity

Summary1. Both the acetylcholine and potassium sensitivity of striated muscle and the activity of choline esterase of brain tissue were investigated in the presence of sex hormones and some of the hormones secreted by the hypophysis. 2. The acetylcholine sensitivity of the muscle is somewhat potentiated by the anterior pituitary-like sex hormone (Follutein, Squibb), the follicular hormone (Estrone Suspension, Abbott; Estradiol, Ciba; Theelin, Parke-Davis), the corpus luteum hormone (Progestin, Roche-Organon; Progesterol, Ciba), Testosterone Propionate (Ciba, Schering), the vasopressor and anti-diuretic hormone of the posterior part of hypophysis (Pitressin, Parke-Davis), but not by the oxytocic principle of the posterior part of hypophysis (Pitocin, Parke-Davis). 3. The activity of the choline esterase is somewhat decreased by Follutein, Estrone Suspension, Progestin, Testosterone Propionate, Pitressin, but not by Pitocin. 4. The potassium sensitivity of the muscle is potentiated by Follutein, Estrone Sus...
Unknowledgeables Promote “Unculturables”

Scotoma is defined as “a regression or loss of insight and knowledge,” and has afflicted many fields of science [see O. Sacks in Robert B. Silvers (ed.), Hidden Histories of Science, New York Review Books, 1995]. A scotoma has enveloped many molecular biologists who apparently have forgotten or are unaware of a century of discoveries on the complexities of bacterial nutrition. For more than a decade, reports continue to appear which contain statements of the following kind: “More than 99% of prokaryotes in the environment cannot be cultured in the laboratory, a phenomenon that limits our understanding of microbial physiology, genetics and community ecology. One way around this problem is metagenomics…” (P. D. Schloss and J. Handelsman, Genome Biol. 6:229, 2005). Numerous similar examples in the current literature are evoked in Google searches for “unculturability.”
Understanding soft glassy materials using an energy landscape approach

Results from a model soap foam consisting of compressible spherical bubbles suggest that soft glassy rheology results from emergent fractal geometry in the foam’s energy landscape.
Conservation Agriculture in North America

Conservation agriculture (CA) is a production paradigm that groups reduced tillage, mulching with crop residues or cover crops, and diversified crop rotations, especially those that incorporate leguminous crops. In North America, reduced tillage is the most widely adopted practice that seeks the ideals of CA and adoption rates are increasing. Cover crops are used on a low percentage of cultivated land in North America, but recent efforts to promote the value of cover cropping have resulted in increased adoption rates. Developing cropping systems that use biomass for biofuel systems has potential for expanding the cultivation of cover crops. This chapter illustrates the diversity in CA adoption in North America by describing CA adoption in contrasting production regions with variations in climate, soil types, and cropping systems. Zero-till adoption has been more popular in regions where growing seasons are not limited by cold conditions and with moderate levels of crop residue. Zero-till adoption has been limited by difficulties in seeding and the development of weed resistance to common herbicides. Strip tillage has evolved as an alternative conservation tillage practice and is being adopted widely across North America. Future CA systems will allow for conservation practices, such as tillage intensity, to be applied in a spatially variable way that matches conservation costs and benefits with specific conditions in fields and watersheds.
2011 Report of the Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer: ASHP: continually in pursuit of truth.

![Figure][1] We strive to seek a better future based on experience and evidence, coupled with a strong desire to be accountable for the care we render. But sometimes . . . seeking the truth does create tension in the community. I want to start today by saying that I have enjoyed being your
Financial development, income inequality, and the redistributive effects of monetary policy ☆

Abstract How should financial systems be designed to limit income inequality? Does the redistributive impact of inflation depend on the extent of financial development? Should optimal monetary policy vary across countries with different levels of financial development? In order to address these questions, we develop a monetary growth production model with heterogeneous agents. In our economy, optimal policy needs to weigh the effects of policy across two groups – capital owners and individuals who hold liquid assets. In this environment, we compare various economies that are identical in every aspect except for their level of financial development. Interestingly, we generally find that economies at the highest stages of financial development (economies in which money, bonds, and claims to capital are traded) experience the highest amount of capital formation and social welfare as long as inflation is low. Yet, regardless of the extent of financial development, there are generally redistributive consequences from inflation. Moreover, the model tends to predict that economies with relatively small stock markets produce the highest levels of income inequality. Empirical work examining the role of money growth and the implications of financial development across countries is consistent with predictions from the model.
Review of Earth science research using terrestrial laser scanning

Abstract The application of advanced remote sensing technologies, including terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), to the Earth sciences has increased rapidly in the last two decades, improving the spatial and temporal resolution of data. Terrestrial laser scanning units have evolved into a common tool in studies of spectral and structural geology, seismology, natural hazards, geomorphology, and glaciology. Special consideration of the advantages and limitations of TLS in each of these fields is discussed in depth in the context of important work published in each field. The workflow used in a TLS survey is crucial to the success of the survey, and field-specific Earth science workflows are therefore also discussed. Products based on TLS data, such as triangulated irregular networks (TIN) and digital surface models (DSM), are commonplace tools throughout the Earth sciences and the use of these tools to measure slip distributions, fault geometries, aeolian transport, river bed morphologies and flows, and other research problems is expanded on where appropriate. The review concludes with a discussion of recent trends in TLS instrument development and their potential impact on the use of TLS in the Earth sciences in the future.
Excitation of the Receptor Cells of the Crustacean PD Organ

Movement of the appendages of Crustacea involves the cooperative activity of muscles in several joints. Usually, at each joint, movement is restricted to one plane and involves only two muscles. These muscles are innervated by a small number of motor excitatory and inhibitory cells. Such a simplified movement system is ideal material for the comparative physiologist.
Medical School Outcomes, Primary Care Specialty Choice, and Practice in Medically Underserved Areas by Physician Alumni of MEDPREP, a Postbaccalaureate Premedical Program for Underrepresented and Disadvantaged Students.

ABSTRACTProblem: Minorities continue to be underrepresented as physicians in medicine, and the United States currently has a number of medically underserved communities. MEDPREP, a postbaccalaureate medical school preparatory program for socioeconomically disadvantaged or underrepresented in medicine students, has a stated mission to increase the numbers of physicians from minority or disadvantaged backgrounds and physicians working with underserved populations. This study aims to determine how MEDPREP enhances U.S. physician diversity and practice within underserved communities. Intervention: MEDPREP recruits disadvantaged and underrepresented in medicine students to complete a 2-year academic enhancement program that includes science coursework, standardized test preparation, study/time management training, and emphasis on professional development. Five hundred twenty-five disadvantaged or underrepresented students over 15 years completed MEDPREP and were tracked through entry into medical practice. Con...
Intraoperative Radiation Using Low-Kilovoltage X-Rays for Early Breast Cancer: A Single Site Trial.

Two prospective, randomized trials, TARGIT-A and ELIOT, have shown intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) to be a safe alternative to whole breast radiation therapy following breast-conserving surgery for selected low-risk patients. However, minimal data are available about the clinical effectiveness of this modality of treatment using the Xoft® Axxent® Electronic Brachytherapy (eBx®) System®. A total of 201 patients with 204 early-stage breast cancers were enrolled in a prospective X-ray IORT trial from June 2010 to September 2013. All tumors were treated with breast-conserving surgery and IORT. Data were collected at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and yearly thereafter. With a median follow-up of 50 months, there have been seven ipsilateral breast tumor events (IBTE), no regional or distant recurrences, and no breast cancer-related deaths. One IBTE was within the IORT field, four outside of the IORT field but within the same quadrant as the index cancer, and two were new biologically different cancers in different quadrants. Three events were in patients who deviated from the protocol criteria. Kaplan–Meier analysis projects that 2.9% of patients will recur locally at 4 years. Recurrence rates observed in this trial were comparable to those of the TARGIT-A and ELIOT trials as well as the retrospective TARGIT-R trial. The low complication rates previously reported by our group as well as the low recurrence rates reported in this study support the cautious use and continued study of IORT in selected women with low-risk breast cancer.
Essentials of Patient Education, by Susan B. Bastable

Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet considers for review books of interest to librarians and health care consumers. This column will concentrate on reviews of resources and recent books abou...
Binocular vision and image location before Kepler

Kepler’s 1604 Optics (Ad Vitellionem Paralipomena) proposed among many other things a new way of locating the place of the image under reflection or refraction. He rejected the “perspectivist” method that had been used through antiquity and the Middle Ages, whereby the image was located on the perpendicular between the object and the mirror (the “cathetus”). Kepler faulted the method for requiring a metaphysical commitment to the action of final causes in optics: the notion that the image was at that place because it was best or appropriate for it to be there, and for no other discernible reason. Kepler’s new theory relied on binocular vision and depth perception to determine the location of the image. No final causes were required, and he showed that the image would in general not be found on the cathetus. According to modern scholarship, Kepler’s theory was part of his revolutionary transformation of the science of optics, and his abandonment of perspectivist optics; as a consequence, the theory of binocular vision is also thought to be original with him. This article demonstrates that the very same theory of binocular image location was set out by Giovanni Battista Benedetti some twenty years earlier, and his writings on this subject may have been Kepler’s unacknowledged source for his own theory. Furthermore, another mathematician, Simon Stevin, developed much the same theory at the same time as Kepler and, it seems, independently of either Benedetti or Kepler. The discovery of these other binocular theories, especially Benedetti’s, requires us to recognize that Kepler’s revolution (if it can be called that) emerged out of a wider dissatisfaction with the foundations of perspectivist optics, which other lesser-known opticians resolved in much the same way that Kepler did.
Oxetanes and Oxetenes: Fused-ring Derivatives

This chapter overviews the chemistry of fused-ring oxetanes and β-lactones from 1996 to 2007. Following an overview of theoretical and structural properties, the chapter summarizes new developments in the reactivity of oxetanes and oxetanones, including reactions with nucleophiles, eliminations, ring expansions, reductions, cycloreversions, and the reactivity of oxetanes bearing exocyclic alkenes, epoxides, or radicals. The chapter continues with a description of advances in the synthesis of fused-ring oxetanes and oxetanones, including the Paterno–Buchi reaction, cycloadditions of ketene and related species, intramolecular nucleophilic displacements, dehydrations of hydroxy acids, electrophilic and cationic cyclizations, and C–H insertions. Following a comparison of approaches to oxetane synthesis, the chapter concludes with specific sections describing the chemistry of oxetane nucleosides, taxol and taxanes, the proteasome inhibitors omuralide and salinosporamide, and merrilactone.
Characteristics of the Local Interstellar Medium

Abstract Observations of stars at distances up to 50 parsecs from the Sun yield a picture of the environment for the solar system, whereby the Sun is located inside a warm, low density, cloud (log T~ 4 °K, log ntotal~ -1 cm-3). Different methods of determining the ionization are consistent for ne/ntotal ~ 5-10%, providing that the ambient gas is in ionization equilibrium. However, since the evaporation time for the interstellar cloud surrounding the solar system is ≤ 1 million years, which is about equal to the cooling time and the recombination time between an electron and proton, the assumption of equilibrium may be invalid. At the position of the Sun, column densities of log N(H°) ≥ 18 cm-2 are seen in all observed directions. The solar system appears to be positioned near the boundary of a cloud system flowing past the Sun so that nearby stars located in the hemisphere between galactic longitudes of 270° to 0°, and 0° to 90°, typically show higher column densities than nearby stars in the opposite hemisphere. An interstellar magnetic field is found within a few parsecs of the Sun in the general direction of the galactic center, pointing towards the direction of 1~90°. Given our current understanding of interstellar magnetic fields, a realistic guess for the strength of this field is 1.6 μG.
Advanced Pressure Boundary Materials

Increasing the operating temperatures of fossil power plants is fundamental to improving thermal efficiencies and reducing undesirable emissions such as CO{sub 2}. One group of alloys with the potential to satisfy the conditions required of higher operating temperatures is the advanced ferritic steels such as ASTM Grade 91, 9Cr-2W, and 12Cr-2W. These are Cr-Mo steels containing 9-12 wt% Cr that have martensitic microstructures. Research aimed at increasing the operating temperature limits of the 9-12 wt% Cr steels and optimizing them for specific power plant applications has been actively pursued since the 1970's. As with all of the high strength martensitic steels, specifying upper temperature limits for tempering the alloys and heat treating weldments is a critical issue. To support this aspect of development, thermodynamic analysis was used to estimate how this critical temperature, the A{sub 1} in steel terminology, varies with alloy composition. The results from the thermodynamic analysis were presented to the Strength of Weldments subgroup of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code and are being considered in establishing maximum postweld heat treatment temperatures. Experiments are also being planned to verify predictions. This is part of a CRADA project being done with Alstom Power, Inc.
Maps Between Complex Hyperbolic Surfaces

We study examples of surjective holomorphic maps between complex hyperbolic surfaces that are not covering maps. The induced homomorphisms on the fundamental groups have infinite kernel, thus are examples of the nonstandard homomorphisms found by Mostow. We also study the singularities of these maps.
Accelerating quantum chemistry with vectorized and batched integrals

This paper presents the first quantum chemistry calculations using a recently developed vectorized library for computing electron repulsion integrals. To lengthen the SIMD loop and thus improve SIMD utilization, the approach used in this paper is to batch together multiple integrals that can be computed using the same code path. The standard approach is to compute integrals one at a time, and thus a batching procedure had to be developed. This paper shows proof-of-concept and demonstrates the performance gains possible when the batched approach is used. Batching also enables certain optimizations when the integrals are used to compute the Fock matrix. We further describe several other optimizations that were needed to obtain up to a 270% speedup over the non-batching version of the code, making a compelling case for adopting the presented techniques in quantum chemistry software.
The Synthesis of A15-Type Materials at High Pressures: Comments and Critiques

Materials with the A15 structure are of interest principally because a number of them are superconductors. Nb3Ge, which has the highest known superconducting transition temperature To, 23.2 K, has this A15 structure [1]. Of 65 known A15 Compounds 41 are superconducting. Figure 1 shows the structure of an A15 unit cell. The B atoms, hatched here, form a body-centered cubic network. Woven through this network are three mutually orthogonal chains of A atoms, shown as stippled here. There is evidence that the integrity of these A chains is important to superconductivity [2]. Figure 2 shows the location of the A and B atoms in the Periodic Table. The A atoms (stippled) are from the Ta, V, and Cr groups, with V and Nb forming 30 of these A15 Compounds. Technetium has been reported acting as the A element in one Compound [3]. The B atoms (hatched) are from the groups of transition metals from Mn through Zn, and the groups of non-transition metals A1, Si and P. Beryllium is included because Mo3Be has been reported to form with the Al5 structure [4]. Nb3Te has been formed by high pressure, high temperature techniques [5].
Human UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE) is required for cell-surface glycome structure and function.

Glycan biosynthesis relies on nucleotide sugars (NSs), abundant metabolites that serve as monosaccharide donors for glycosyltransferases. In vivo, signal-dependent fluctuations in NS levels are required to maintain normal cell physiology and are dysregulated in disease. However, how mammalian cells regulate NS levels and pathway flux remains largely uncharacterized. To address this knowledge gap, here we examined UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase (GALE), which interconverts two pairs of essential NSs. Using immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and LC-MS–based glycolipid and glycan profiling, we found that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GALE deletion in human cells triggers major imbalances in NSs and dramatic changes in glycolipids and glycoproteins, including a subset of integrins and the cell-surface death receptor FS-7-associated surface antigen. In particular, we observed substantial decreases in total sialic acid, galactose, and GalNAc levels in glycans. These changes also directly impacted cell signaling, as GALE−/− cells exhibited FS-7-associated surface antigen ligand-induced apoptosis. Our results reveal a role of GALE-mediated NS regulation in death receptor signaling and may have implications for the molecular etiology of illnesses characterized by NS imbalances, including galactosemia and metabolic syndrome.
The Year of Living Dangerously: The COVID-19 Shock and the Probability of Deflation

With inflation currently low, the probability that it turns negative (deflation) will likely increase over the near term.
Biomarkers for Immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been approved for several solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer. ICIs have shown unprecedented durable responses and higher response rates than chemotherapy in selected patients. The development of biomarkers that serve as predictors of response is crucial for treatment selection. Evidence suggests that the response to immunotherapy depends on tumor genomics and the interactions with the immune system and the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the data supporting the use of these biomarkers to optimize patient selection for these therapies and explores biomarkers that are the focus of ongoing research.
Substance P Methyl Ester

Substance P methyl ester is a selective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) tachykinin receptor agonist. It is an analog of the naturally occurring peptide …
Cross‐sectional area reference values of the median nerve at the palm using ultrasound

BACKGROUND The most common neuromuscular ultrasound abnormality in carpal tunnel syndrome is enlargement of the median nerve near the distal wrist crease, but sometimes the median nerve enlarges in the palm, just distal to the transverse carpal ligament. This study was conducted to devise a protocol for measuring the median nerve in the palm and to generate reference values for nerve cross-sectional area at this site. METHODS A systematic protocol was developed, 30 healthy individuals underwent ultrasound of the median nerve in the palm bilaterally, and cross-sectional area was recorded. RESULTS The mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the palm was between 11.4 mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI] [10.4,12.4]) and 11.6 mm2 (95%CI [10.6,12.6]). CONCLUSIONS The median nerve can be measured just distal to the hook of the hamate in the palm, and the mean cross-sectional area at this site is slightly larger than it is at the distal wrist crease.
Micropolar fluid flow in a thick domain with multiscale oscillating roughness and friction boundary conditions

Abstract We consider an unsteady micropolar fluid flow in a two-dimensional domain Ω e . The velocity field is assumed to satisfy a fluid-solid friction interface condition on a part of the boundary while the micro-rotation field satisfies non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The problem is thus described by a non-linear coupled variational parabolic system for the fluid velocity v ϵ , the pressure p ϵ and the angular micro-rotation field Z ϵ . The thickness and the roughness of the fluid domain are described by multiple separated scales of periodic oscillations, i.e. Ω e = { ( z 1 , z 2 ) : 0 z 1 L , 0 z 2 e m h e ( z 1 ) } with h e ( z 1 ) = h ( z 1 , z 1 e , z 1 e 2 , ⋯ , z 1 e m ) , 0 e 1 , and m ≥ 2 . Existence, uniqueness and uniform estimates of the solution ( v ϵ , p ϵ , Z ϵ ) are stated. Then we study the asymptotic behaviour of the flow as e tends to zero by using the multiple scale convergence method for reiterated homogenization. The assumption m ≥ 2 raises several technical difficulties in the limit process and leads to non-standard divergence free conditions for the limit velocity. We derive the limit problem which is totally decoupled for the limit velocity and pressure ( v 0 , p 0 ) on the one hand and the limit micro-rotation field Z 0 on the other hand. More precisely ( v 0 , p 0 ) is solution of a variational elliptic inequality and Z 0 solves an elliptic partial differential equation, where the time variable appears as a parameter. Moreover we prove that v 0 , p 0 and Z 0 are uniquely determined by auxiliary well-posed problems.
Responses to bullying allegations at Edinburgh vet school

I was surprised and disappointed to read the ‘Investigation’, about happenings at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies in Edinburgh …
Knotted versus Knotless Anchors for Labral Repair in the Shoulder – A Systematic Review

Purpose To compare biomechanical and clinical outcomes between knotless and knotted anchors in arthroscopic labral repair, specifically in (1) Bankart repair, (2) SLAP repair, (3) posterior labral repair, and (4) remplissage augmentation of Bankart repair. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to find biomechanical and clinical studies comparing knotted and knotless anchors using the search term “knotless anchor.” Results Overall, 17 studies met inclusion criteria. There were 7 studies evaluating the biomechanical outcomes, of which 5 found mixed results between knotted and knotless anchors for arthroscopic Bankart repair, 1 demonstrated a difference for SLAP repair favoring knotless anchors, and 2 showed no significant difference for Remplissage in terms of ultimate load-to-failure. Four studies evaluated knotless labral anchors compared with knotted anchors in patients undergoing arthroscopic Bankart repair with no significant differences in outcomes reported between the 2 anchor types, except in one study that found an improved visual analog scale score and a lower recurrence and revision rate with knotted anchors. Five studies evaluated knotless anchors compared with knotted anchors in patients undergoing SLAP repair, and none of the included studies found any significant differences in the patient reported outcome measures or revision rates. Of the 5 studies comparing operative time, 4 found a reduced time with knotless anchors. Conclusions The clinical results show no significant differences in outcomes between knotless and knotted anchors for labral repair in the shoulder, including Bankart repair, SLAP repair, and posterior labral repair. However, there was conflicting evidence supporting knotless or knotted anchors in the biomechanical studies. However, operative times may be reduced with the use of knotless anchors. Level of Evidence III, A Systematic Review of Level II and III studies.
Contract and Conditional Zoning Without Romance: A Public Choice Analysis

The growth and development of the United States after World War II left the country needing more flexibility in zoning law. Over the past few decades, zoning has undergone drastic changes to make the process more flexible. Two methods used to meet this new demand are contract and conditional zoning. Jurisdictions are split on whether to permit contract zoning, conditional zoning, both, or neither. This is an important question that a growing number of jurisdictions have recently encountered. This Note seeks to propose potential solutions to the conflict by analyzing it through public choice theory. By applying the principles of public choice theory, this Note finds that increased flexibility in zoning will likely have the undesired consequence of allowing legislators to easily appease interest groups, rather than bargain for the most efficient land use allocation. From this observation, this Note ultimately concludes that jurisdictions should either prohibit both contract and conditional zoning or, if economic efficiency concerns prove too great, permit both contract and conditional zoning but apply a strict standard of judicial review.
Alternative Simulation of Crop Water Radiometry

In the summers of 2018 and 2019, a 433 MHz radio link was installed in an Iowa corn field, intended to measure the vegetation's water content. A set of three transmitters within the canopy emitted microwave radiation omnidirectionally in succession to each other, while the receiver, also within the corn canopy, listened continuously. The system was in operation for 68 days in 2018, beginning when the corn was only 0.3 m tall and ending in a full canopy environment. An increasing vegetation water content corresponded to an increasing canopy dielectric constant and thus a lower canopy transmissivity. A weakened signal received was for the most part attributed to electric field attenuation. In 2019, antennas remained in the field through October, observing the dry-down senescence as an increasing signal strength. The magnitude of air - soil reflection is another strong factor on received signal strength, as for all transmitter - receiver pairs the direct and ground - reflected signal destructively interfered. Radiative transfer models of the system often simulate the received signal to be stronger than observed. Neglecting scattering may be the cause of this error. Utilizing the software Signals of Opportunity Coherent Bistatic Scattering Simulator (SCoBi) may produce a more accurate calculation of power received.
IN SITU FRACTURE RELATED TO ENERGY AND RESOURCE RECOVERY

Many resources require fracturing of rock before recovery. This is often accomplished by energy deposition under in situ conditions. The mechanical properties of the medium, confining pressure, pore fluid pressure, temperature, and energy deposition rate are among the important factors leading to an understanding and prediction of fracture production. Recent experimental and modeling studies have improved understanding of the effects of confining pressure on explosive-induced fracturing in small-scale blocks, effect of timing of multiple explosives, rate of pressurization on hydraulic fracture production, changing material properties on hydraulic pressure-produced fracture initiation and orientation, and material properties on rubble behavior after fracturing.
Outsourcing coordination and management of home wireless access points through an open API

In dense wireless deployments at homes, such as apartment buildings, neighboring home WLANs share the same unlicensed spectrum by deploying consumer-grade access points in their individual homes. In such environments, WiFi networks can suffer from intermittent performance issues such as wireless packet losses, interference from WiFi and non-WiFi sources due to the rapid growth and increasing diversity of devices that share the spectrum. In this paper, we propose a vendor-neutral cloud-based centralized framework called COAP to configure, coordinate and manage individual home APs using an open API implemented by these commodity APs. The framework, implemented using OpenFlow extensions, allows the APs to share various types of information with a centralized controller — interference and traffic phenomenon and various flow contexts, and in turn receive instructions — configuration parameters (e.g., channel) and transmission parameters (through coarse-grained schedules and throttling parameters). This paper describes the framework and associated techniques, applications to motivate its potential benefits, such as, upto 47% reduction in channel congestion and our experiences from having deployed it in actual home environments.
APPLICATIONS OF THE DERIVATIVE

This chapter provides an overview of the applications of the derivative. The derivative can be interpreted as a rate of change. There are many problems involving two or more variables in which it is necessary to calculate the rate of change of one or more of these variables with respect to time. The chapter presents an example of it and suggests a procedure for handling problems of this type. It discusses some steps that are taken to solve a problem involving the rates of change of related variables. The chapter discusses one of the most important and applicable theorems of mathematics—the mean value theorem—that can be used to prove some important facts about differentiation and to obtain information that is useful in graphing a wide variety of functions. The mean value theorem has many other applications as well. The chapter explains elementary curve sketching and considers increasing and decreasing functions and the first derivative test. It also discusses concavity and the second derivative test. The chapter discusses a different kind of application of the derivative considering Newton's method for estimating a solution or root by defining a sequence of numbers that become successively closer and closer to the root sought.
Investigating the mechanism underlying Ly-6A, a highly expressed protein on activated and transformed lymphocytes, induced growth inhibition and cell death in transformed T-cell lines (TUM2P.879)

The Ly-6 family of glycosylphosphatidylinisotol proteins is excellent differentiation markers of immune cells during their development and they regulate signaling responses. Specifically, Ly-6A is up-regulated on a variety of transformed cells therefore making it a potential biomarker for cancer detection and therapy. Previous work in our laboratory revealed that a transformed CD4+ T lymphocyte cell line shows growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death when Ly-6A proteins are engaged. We have investigated whether this mechanism involves p53 protein, which is known to regulate the cell cycle, trigger growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death in several normal cell types. In cancer cells, p53 is often mutated, resulting in uncontrollable cell growth. The cell cycle is regulated by several proteins known as cyclin dependent kinases that bind cyclin proteins and usher the cell past checkpoints in the cell cycle. Therefore, we have examined the expression of relevant cell cycle and apoptotic proteins. We find that while growth inhibition and cell death in the T cell line was p53 independent, the cell cycle inhibitor gene p27 becomes significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, we extended this study beyond the analysis of one Ly-6A antibody and one T-cell line. We find that the responses were tied primarily to the extent of cross-linking with anti-Ly-6A antibody. Other transformed T-cell lines also exhibited growth inhibition and cellular death when the Ly-6A protein was engaged.
Architecture and implementation of 3D field support in semiconductor wafer representation

This paper describes the design and implementation of a flexible architecture for representing general, mesh-based fields in one, two, and three dimensions. Representation of fields is one component of Semiconductor Wafer Representation (SWR) for TCAD Frameworks. Our architecture allows arbitrary field value types and a variety of element orders to be used based on a minimal description of the underlying mesh geometry. Implementation library components support efficient sharing of objects between clients while preserving full C++ type information. Client-level interfaces to external mesh generation and visualization are demonstrated. >
Seismic performance of highway bridges with fusing bearing components for quasi‐isolation

SUMMARY Modern highway bridges in Illinois are often installed with economical elastomeric bearings that allow for thermal movement of the superstructure, and steel fixed bearings and transverse retainers that prevent excessive movement from service-level loadings. In the event of an earthquake, the bearing system has the potential to provide a quasi-isolated response where failure of sacrificial elements and sliding of the bearings can cause a period elongation and reduce or cap the force demands on the substructure. A computational model that has been calibrated for the expected nonlinear behaviors is used to carry out a parametric study to evaluate quasiisolated bridge behavior. The study investigates different superstructure types, substructure types, substructure heights, foundation types, and elastomeric bearing types. Overall, only a few bridge variants were noted to unseatfordesign-level seismicinput inthe New MadridSeismic Zone,indicatingthat moststructures inIllinois would not experience severe damage during their typical design life. However, Type II bearing systems, which consist of an elastomeric bearing and a flat PTFE slider, would in some cases result in critical damage from unseating atmoderateand highseismicinput.Thesequenceofdamageformanybridgecasesindicatesyielding of piers at low-level seismic input. This is caused by the high strength of the fixed bearing element, which justifies further calibration of the quasi-isolation design approach. Finally, the type of ground motion, pier height, and bearing type were noted to have significant influence on the global bridge response. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Emerging Professional Identity: Influences on the Achievement of High-Ability First-Generation College Females.

Using a qualitative interview design, this study examined factors contributing to the academic achievement of gifted first-generation college females. Findings indicated an emerging professional id...
Prevalence and Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in a Pediatric Medicaid Cohort

Background Widespread use of echocardiography has made earlier diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) possible, but pharmacological or surgical intervention is highly variable. Herein, we investigate the prevalence of PDA and its management in a routine care system. Methods A 15-year retrospective dataset (1996–2010) was analyzed. Selection criteria included age ≤17 years, enrollees in South Carolina State Medicaid, and diagnosed as having PDA on 1 or more service visits to a pediatrician or pediatric cardiologist. Results The 15-year treated prevalence rate of PDA was 0.25/1000 pediatric cases of congenital heart disease (CHD). PDA was more prevalent in non-African American patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.12), but not in females after controlling for all other CHDs diagnosed in the cohort. Associated CHDs were present in 57.6% of the cases, primarily atrial or ventricular septal defects, and fewer patients (5.5%) developed pulmonary hypertension. Of 3627 PDA cases examined, 70.0% received no medications or PDA repair. Therapeutic ibuprofen was used for closure in 24.4% of the cases, and a PDA repair was performed in 7.8%. Younger children (aOR: 0.82), those who received an atrial septal defect closure (aOR: 5.18), and those who were treated with digoxin (aOR: 1.86) or with diuretics or preload/afterload reducing agents (ie, calcium channel blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) (aOR: 5.72) were significantly more likely to have a PDA repair procedure. Conclusions The majority of diagnosed PDA cases did not require pharmacological or surgical intervention. Those receiving pharmacological or surgical intervention were treated conservatively in relation to the presence of distress symptoms or concomitant CHDs requiring intervention.
The Zariski topology and essential extensions of semilattices

In this paper we wish to study the relationship between the concepts of essential extension and Zariski topology in the theory of semilattices. This work was prompted by comments made by A. Day on some earlier work by the authors, comments to the effect that papers by Burns and Lakser [l] and by Horn and Kimura [6] might contribute to a useful investigation of the Zariski topology on semilattices. The particular questions which motivate this paper are: (1) For which semilattices is the Zariski topology Hausdorff? and (2) What significance does the possession of the Hausdorff separation axiom for its Zariski topology have for a semilattice? In seeking to answer these questions we make much use of the essential completion of a semilattice. The essential completion of a semilattice S may be realized as the smallest subsemilattice of the injective hull of S which contains S and has the appropriate completeness properties.
Variable air volume ventilation control strategies analysed in six climate zones

This paper presents eight ventilation control strategies and their annual energy and indoor air quality simulation results for an academic building as if it were situated in each of six geographic locations. The results show that without tempering at the terminal boxes, no ventilation strategy could satisfy the outdoor air requirements when the thermal loads are low. The fixed outdoor air percentage method is the worst one. From an economic perspective, strategies using optimization techniques minimize the operating energy demand and consumption. Supply air temperature (SAT) and primary airflow rate are the two proper optimization parameters on the air side of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. In addition to control strategies, geographic locations or weather patterns influence the benefits of optimization. Generally, a mild-dry climate intensifies the advantages of the SAT reset and encourages the primary airflow optimization. Inversely, hot-humid weather minimizes the benefits. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versatile regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by specific regions of its C-terminal tail.

The C-terminal tail (CT) of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is a regulatory element that suppresses nNOS activities in the absence of bound calmodulin (CaM). A crystal structure of the nNOS reductase domain (nNOSr) (Garcin, E. D., Bruns, C. M., Lloyd, S. J., Hosfield, D. J., Tiso, M., Gachhui, R., Stuehr, D. J., Tainer, J. A., and Getzoff, E. D. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 37918-37927) revealed how the first half of the CT interacts with nNOSr and thus provided a template for detailed studies. We generated truncation mutants in nNOS and nNOSr to test the importance of 3 different regions of the CT. Eliminating the terminal half of the CT (all residues from Ile1413 to Ser1429), which is invisible in the crystal structure, had almost no impact on NADP + release, flavin reduction, flavin autoxidation, heme reduction, reductase activity, or NO synthesis activity, but did prevent an increase in FMN shielding that normally occurs in response to NADPH binding. Additional removal of the CT R-helix (residues 1401 to 1412) significantly increased the NADP + release rate, flavin autoxidation, and NADPH oxidase activity, and caused hyper-deshielding of the FMN cofactor. These effects were associated with increased reductase activity and slightly diminished heme reduction and NO synthesis. Further removal of residues downstream from Gly1396 (a full CT truncation) amplified the aforementioned effects and in addition altered NADP + interaction with FAD, relieved the kinetic suppression on flavin reduction, and further diminished heme reduction and NO synthesis. Our results reveal that the CT exerts both multifaceted and regiospecific effects on catalytic activities and related behaviors, and thus provide new insights into mechanisms that regulate nNOS catalysis.
Alternative large N(c) baryons and holography

In gauge theories in the limit of a large number N{sub c} of colors baryons are usually described as heavy solitonic objects with mass of order N{sub c}. We discuss an alternative large N{sub c} description both directly in the field theory as well as using holography. In this alternative large N{sub c} limit at least some of the baryons behave like mesons, that is they stay light even at large N{sub c} and their interactions vanish in that limit. For N{sub c}=3 these alternative large N{sub c} baryons are equivalent to the standard baryons. In the holographic description it is manifest that the Regge slopes of mesons and alternative baryons are degenerate.
Nudibranch predation and dietary preference for the polyps of Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

There is concern that jellyfish blooms may be increasing worldwide. Some factors controlling population size, such as temperature and food, often have been studied; however, the importance of predators is poorly known. Aeolid nudibranchs feed on cnidarians, but their predation on the benthic polyps of scyphozoan rarely has been documented. To understand the potential of nudibranchs to consume polyps, we tested several predation preference hypotheses with the generalist feeding nudibranch, Hermissenda crassicornis, and polyps of the common moon jellyfish, Aurelia labiata. Of the six prey species tested during feeding experiments, A. labiata polyps and the tunicate Distaplia occidentalis were significantly preferred. Nudibranch size, diurnal cycle, and ingestive conditioning did not significantly influence prey choice. Nudibranchs showed significant positive chemotaxis toward living polyps, hydroids, and tunicates, but not to sea anemones. Nudibranch chemotaxis was significantly more positive to polar extract of A. labiata than of D. occidentalis. Consumption of polyps was correlated with nudibranch size, with mean consumption by large nudibranchs (>0.92 g) of about 31 polyps h−1. Three other nudibranch species also ate A. labiata polyps. Our results emphasize the potential importance of predation for controlling jellyfish benthic polyp populations and consequent jellyfish blooms.
A New Vibrational Spectroscopic Tool for the Determination of Peptide Conformation: The Isotope-Edited CαHα Stretch Mode

Our studies of the alanine dipeptide (ADP) vibrational frequency map (J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 3391) reveal that the C α H α stretch mode, and particularly its C α D α isotope-edited form, is a potentially powerful tool for determining the φ, ψ conformation in peptide systems. In this communication, we present ab initio C α D α and C α H α stretch frequencies of the α R , β, and polyproline II conformations of the ADP, showing that they give rise to well-separated frequencies, and discuss the kinds of experimental data needed to establish the desired structural information.
On the Causes and Effects of Roller Skewing in Cylindrical Roller Bearings

Cylindrical roller bearings which support thrust and/or moment loading in addition to predominant radial loading have flanges on both the inner and outer rings to accommodate the thrust loading carried by the rollers. The roller thrust loading causes roller tilting and friction moments about the rotating axis perpendicular to both the bearing and roller axis. The friction moments in turn give rise to roller skewing which increases roller-raceway loading affecting bearing friction heat generation and fatigue endurance. This investigation shows the means of including the skewing effects in the analysis of overall bearing performance. Presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting in Detroit, Michigan May 17–21, 1998
Insulator to semimetal transition in graphene oxide

Transport properties of progressively reduced graphene oxide (GO) are described. Evolution of the electronic properties reveals that as-synthesized GO undergoes insulator−semiconductor−semimetal transitions with reduction. The apparent transport gap ranges from 10 to 50 meV and approaches zero with extensive reduction. Measurements at varying degrees of reduction reveal that transport in reduced GO occurs via variable-range hopping and further reduction leads to an increased number of available hopping sites.