cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sessionlock: securing web sessions against eavesdropping

Typical web sessions can be hijacked easily by a network eavesdropper in attacks that have come to be designated "sidejacking." The rise of ubiquitous wireless networks, often unprotected at the transport layer, has significantly aggravated this problem. While SSL can protect against eavesdropping, its usability disadvantages often make it unsuitable when the data is not considered highly confidential. Most web-based email services, for example, use SSL only on their login page and are thus vulnerable to sidejacking.We propose SessionLock, a simple approach to securing web sessions against eavesdropping without extending the use of SSL. SessionLock is easily implemented by web developers using only JavaScript and simple server-side logic. Its performance impact is negligible, and all major web browsers are supported. Interestingly, it is particularly easy to implement on single-page AJAX web applications, e.g. Gmail or Yahoo mail, with approximately 200 lines of JavaScript and 60 lines of server-side verification code.
Experience with Ruptured Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Involving the Visceral Arteries: Three-Year Experience in a Community Teaching Hospital—Case Reports:

Four patients (3 males and 1 female) with ruptured thoracoabdominal aneu rysms involving the visceral arteries were managed in a three-year period. Ages ranged from sixty-seven to eighty-two years. Two patients had freely ruptured aneurysms and were operated on emergently. Two patients had contained rup tures and were operated on urgently.Hemodynamic monitoring consisting of Swan-Ganz catheters and arterial lines were employed in all patients. Exposure was obtained through a thoraco abdominal approach. A Gott shunt was employed in 1 patient. All patients re ceived intravenous heparin during aortic clamping, and protamine was rou tinely administered to reverse heparin. Standard techniques for vascular reconstruction were employed.There was 1 intraoperative death in an eighty-two-year-old male who suf fered a cardiac arrest after replacement of thoracoabdominal aneurysm with reimplantation of the celiac axis.Three patients survived operation. One patient developed paraplegia and expired forty days postopera...
Managing a Curriculum Materials Collection: One Academic Library Experience

Curriculum materials center (CMC) collections in academic libraries play a vital role in supporting teacher education programs. The collection items consist of print and non-print materials including nontraditional items such as kits, games, models, and toys. Following a comprehensive literature review of research on CMC collections, this study seeks to raise awareness of the role played by curriculum materials centers in the history of teacher education and the challenges faced by the CMC librarians. The article provides a general overview of the CMC at Long Island University (LIU) Post library and describes local collection development strategies and issues in collection access and maintenance.
Cloning and characterization of the gene for Salmonella typhimurium serine hydroxymethyltransferase

Abstract A plasmid containing the glyA gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was constructed in vitro using plasmid pACYC184 as the cloning vector and a λgt7- glyA transducing phage as the source of glyA DNA. The recombinant plasmid (pGS30) contains a 10-kb Eco RI insert fragment. Genetic and biochemical experiments established that the fragment contains a functional glyA gene. From plasmid pGS30 we subcloned a 4.4-kb Sal I- Eco RI fragment containing the glyA gene and its neighboring regions (plasmid pGS38). The location and orientation of the glyA gene within the 4.4-kb insert fragment was determined in four ways: (1) comparison of the physical map of the 4.4-kb Sal I- Eco RI fragment with the physical map of a 2.6-kb Sal I- Pvu II fragment that carries the Escherichia coli glyA gene; (2) deletion analysis; (3) transposon Tn5 insertional inactivation experiments; (4) deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing and comparison of the S. typhimurium DNA sequence with the E. coli DNA sequence. A presumptive glyA -encoded polypeptide of M r 47000 was detected using plasmid pGS38 as template in a minicell system, but not when the glyA gene was inactivated by insertion of a Tn5 element.
Personal genomes: when consent gets in the way.

As the prospect of personal genomes for all promises to revolutionize personal health records, Patrick Taylor says that mandating consent does not protect privacy or ensure public benefit. As the number of humans with their genomes fully sequenced grows and direct-to-consumer gene profiling companies push the boundaries of medical genetics, the once fanciful idea that medical and other interventions can be tailored around an individual's personal genome begins to look plausible. Which raises the question: how do we use this wealth of information? This issue focuses on personal genomics and its consequences. In News Features we seek the 'missing heritability' that seems to limit the number of disease-linked genes being found, look at a technology that may drive next generation of DNA sequencing machines and reflect on the surprise closure of a lab at the forefront of genomics research. Commentaries discuss the problems of balancing an individual's rights to privacy with the maximization for public benefit and the ethics of personal genome tests. These matters are considered in the Editorial and go to http://tinyurl.com/6clk2x to air your views in the Nature forum. See also News and download the podcast from http://www.nature.com/podcast .
Autonomous Planning and Execution for a Future Titan Aerobot

We are developing onboard planning and execution technologies to provide robust and opportunistic mission operations for a future Titan aerobot. Aerobot have the potential for collecting a vast amount of high priority science data. However, to be effective, an aerobot must address several challenges including communication constraints, extended periods without contact with Earth, uncerttain and changing environmental conditions, maneuvarability constraints and potentially short-lived science opportunities. We are developing the AerOASIS system to develop and test technology to support autonomous science operations for a future Titan Aerobot. The planning and execution component of AerOASIS is able to generate mission operations plans that achieve science and engineering objectives while respecting mission and resource constraints as well as adapt the plan to respond to new science opportunities. Our technology leverages prior work on the OASIS system for autonomous rover exploration. In this paper we describe how the OASIS planning component was adapted to address the unique challenges of a Titan Aerobot and we describe a field demonstration of the system with the JPL prototype aerobot.
Defining rural community(ies): Future considerations for informal and nonformal adult education in rural communities

This chapter examines ways that rural character or community can be defined and suggests that future rural adult education research should be framed to include more specific considerations of rural context.
Evaluation of logistic Bayesian LASSO for identifying association with rare haplotypes

It has been hypothesized that rare variants may hold the key to unraveling the genetic transmission mechanism of many common complex traits. Currently, there is a dearth of statistical methods that are powerful enough to detect association with rare haplotypes. One of the recently proposed methods is logistic Bayesian LASSO for case-control data. By penalizing the regression coefficients through appropriate priors, logistic Bayesian LASSO weeds out the unassociated haplotypes, making it possible for the associated rare haplotypes to be detected with higher powers. We used the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 simulated data to evaluate the behavior of logistic Bayesian LASSO in terms of its power and type I error under a complex disease model. We obtained knowledge of the simulation model, including the locations of the functional variants, and we chose to focus on two genomic regions in the MAP4 gene on chromosome 3. The sample size was 142 individuals and there were 200 replicates. Despite the small sample size, logistic Bayesian LASSO showed high power to detect two haplotypes containing functional variants in these regions while maintaining low type I errors. At the same time, a commonly used approach for haplotype association implemented in the software hapassoc failed to converge because of the presence of rare haplotypes. Thus, we conclude that logistic Bayesian LASSO can play an important role in the search for rare haplotypes.
Function of neurospora mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in RNA splicing requires an idiosyncratic domain not found in other synthetases

Neurospora mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (mt TyrRS), which is encoded by nuclear gene cyt-18, functions in splicing group I introns. Analysis of intragenic partial revertants of the cyt-18-2 mutant and in vitro mutants of the cyt-18 protein expressed in E. coli showed that splicing activity of the cyt-18 protein is dependent on a small N-terminal domain that has no homolog in bacterial or yeast mt TyrRSs. This N-terminal splicing domain apparently acts together with other regions of the protein to promote splicing. Our findings support the hypothesis that idiosyncratic sequences in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase may function in processes other than aminoacylation. Furthermore, they suggest that splicing activity of the Neurospora mt TyrRs was acquired after the divergence of Neurospora and yeast, and they demonstrate one mechanism whereby splicing factors may evolve from cellular RNA binding proteins.
Incorporating writing into the CS curriculum

There are many different views about how to incorporate writing into the computer science curriculum. These views lead to inevitable questions about process and goals. For example, should writing be taught as a separate course or integrated into traditional content classes? How much latitude should students be given in selecting writing component courses? Should writing focus on developing research skills, workplace skills or personal growth? Who should perform assessment: individual faculty, small teams or the whole department? How can a CS educator assess writing ability – where does one even start? Our panel members will answer these questions differently, sharing both successes and challenges. We represent a large public research university, a small public liberal arts university, a private women’s liberal arts college, and a small private co-educational liberal arts college.
Cryptosporidium parvum invasion of biliary epithelia requires host cell tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin via c-Src☆

Abstract Background & aims: Cryptosporidium parvum invasion of epithelia requires polymerization of host cell actin at the attachment site. We analyzed the role of host cell c-Src, a cytoskeleton-associated protein tyrosine kinase, in C. parvum invasion of biliary epithelia. Methods: In vitro models of biliary cryptosporidiosis using a human biliary epithelial cell line were used to assay the role of c-Src signaling pathway in C. parvum invasion. Results: c-Src and cortactin, an actin-binding protein and a substrate for c-Src, were recruited to the parasite-host cell interface during C. parvum invasion. Tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin in infected cells was also detected. Inhibition of host cell c-Src significantly blocked C. parvum -induced accumulation and tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin and actin polymerization at the attachment sites, thereby inhibiting C. parvum invasion of biliary epithelial cells. A triple mutation of tyrosine of cortactin in the epithelia also diminished C. parvum invasion. In addition, proteins originating from the parasite were detected within infected cells at the parasite-host cell interface. Antiserum against C. parvum membrane proteins blocked accumulation of c-Src and cortactin and significantly decreased C. parvum invasion. No accumulation of the endocytosis-related proteins, dynamin 2 and clathrin, was found at the parasite-host cell interface; also, inhibition of dynamin 2 did not block C. parvum invasion. Conclusions: C. parvum invasion of biliary epithelial cells requires host cell tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin by a c-Src-mediated signaling pathway to induce actin polymerization at the attachment site, a process associated with microbial secretion but independent of host cell endocytosis.
The hidden-zero effect: representing a single choice as an extended sequence reduces impulsive choice.

Splurge on a vacation, or save for retirement? Sleep in late, or get up to exercise? The ability to resist a tempting, immediately available reward in order to obtain a larger delayed reward is the hallmark of self-control, and predicts important life outcomes such as academic achievement (Duckworth & Seligman, 2005) and social adjustment (Mischel & Ayduk, 2004). Unfortunately, immediate rewards are often difficult to resist. One key factor that makes them so appealing is temporal discounting – the tendency to consider events as less important if they occur in the distant future, rather than in the near future (Ainslie, 2001). This tendency tempts us to a choose small immediate reward over a larger delayed reward, simply because the first is immediately available – a choice that can greatly sabotage the attainment of our long-term goals. To study temporal discounting, researchers (e.g. Estle, Green, Myerson, & Holt, 2007) typically have participants choose between smaller-sooner rewards and larger-later rewards (e.g., “Would you prefer [A] $5 today, OR [B] $6.20 in 26 days?”). Decision-makers commonly view such situations as a choice between a good alternative soon and a better alternative later. However, what is not mentioned explicitly in such situations is the fact that choosing to receive one alternative also means choosing not to receive the other. In other words, decision-makers are implicitly encouraged to choose between one-shot events, rather than between sequences of events, in which choosing an immediate reward also means choosing to receive nothing later, and vice versa (e.g., “Would you prefer [A] $5 today and $0 in 26 days, OR [B] $0 today and $6.20 in 26 days?”). People’s choices are heavily influenced by ways in which the alternatives are framed, even when the different frames are logically equivalent (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981). Given that people prefer sequences that improve over time (Ariely & Zauberman, 2003; Frederick, Loewenstein, & O'Donoghue, 2002), we hypothesized that representing each alternative as a sequence of outcomes, by explicitly referring to the hidden zero in each alternative, would increase participants’ willingness to choose larger delayed rewards over smaller immediate rewards, as they would prefer to choose sequences that appear to improve over time.
INTRODUCING INTERNATIONAL ISSUES INTO OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CURRICULA

As the world moves toward a global economy, it is increasingly important that operations management courses prepare students to address globalization issues. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the dialog concerning how international topics are best incorporated into operations management curricula. On the basis of the results of a survey of operations management academicians worldwide, current course offerings are cataloged and topic areas critical to the globalization of operations are identified. Four major reasons for studying international operations management are proposed, which provide the basis for recommendations on how international topics can be introduced into established operations courses and for the design of an elective course in global operations. Finally, teaching materials relevant to international operations are surveyed.
Swarn Manipulation Of An Unactuated Surface Vessel

This paper investigates the utilization of a swarm of autonomous tug boats to manipulate an unactuated vessel (i.e., barge or disabled vessel). Specifically the objective is to design a control strategy for each craft such that the combined effort of the swarm manipulates the unactuated vessel into a desired position and orientation under the constraints that the tugs can only exert a pushing force. The control scheme is verified through simulation. In addition, a preliminary control experiment was conducted on a custom built experimental teststand at the U.S. Naval Academy.
Influenza A Virus Protein PA-X Contributes to Viral Growth and Suppression of the Host Antiviral and Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Influenza virus infection causes global inhibition of host protein synthesis in infected cells. This host shutoff is thought to allow viruses to escape from the host antiviral response, which restricts virus replication and spread. Although the mechanism of host shutoff is unclear, a novel viral protein expressed by ribosomal frameshifting, PA-X, was found to play a major role in influenza virus-induced host shutoff. However, little is known about the impact of PA-X expression on currently circulating influenza A virus pathogenicity and the host antiviral response. In this study, we rescued a recombinant influenza A virus, A/California/04/09 (H1N1, Cal), containing mutations at the frameshift motif in the polymerase PA gene (Cal PA-XFS). Cal PA-XFS expressed significantly less PA-X than Cal wild type (WT). Cal WT, but not Cal PA-XFS, induced degradation of host β-actin mRNA and suppressed host protein synthesis, supporting the idea that PA-X induces host shutoff via mRNA decay. Moreover, Cal WT inhibited beta interferon (IFN-β) expression and replicated more rapidly than Cal PA-XFS in human respiratory cells. Mice infected with Cal PA-XFS had significantly lower levels of viral growth and greater expression of IFN-β mRNA in their lungs than mice infected with Cal WT. Importantly, more antihemagglutinin and neutralizing antibodies were produced in Cal PA-XFS-infected mice than in Cal WT-infected mice, despite the lower level of virus replication in the lungs. Our data indicate that PA-X of the pandemic H1N1 virus has a strong impact on viral growth and the host innate and acquired immune responses to influenza virus. IMPORTANCE Virus-induced host protein shutoff is considered to be a major factor allowing viruses to evade innate and acquired immune recognition. We provide evidence that the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus protein PA-X plays a role in virus replication and inhibition of host antiviral response by means of its host protein synthesis shutoff activity both in vitro and in vivo . We also demonstrated that, while the growth of Cal PA-XFS was attenuated in the lungs of infected animals, this mutant induced a stronger humoral response than Cal WT. Our findings clearly highlight the importance of PA-X in counteracting the host innate and acquired immune responses to influenza virus, an important global pathogen. This work demonstrates that inhibition of PA-X expression in influenza virus vaccine strains may provide a novel way of safely attenuating viral growth while inducing a more robust immune response.
Influence of seasonal planting date on field performance of six temperate deciduous forest tree species

Abstract Most afforestation hardwood plantations in the Central Hardwood Forest Region, USA, are established with bareroot seedlings planted in late winter or early spring. This brief planting season is preferred for several logistical and physiological reasons, yet interest in fall planting has increased as a means to extend the planting season. We evaluated effects of a wide range of planting dates on 2-year survival and growth for six different temperate deciduous forest tree species grown as 1 + 0 bareroot stock at a southern Indiana, USA, nursery and outplanted onto an afforestation site in southeastern Indiana. In 2001–2002 and again in 2002–2003, seedlings were planted on 10 and 9 different planting dates, respectively, between November and July. Planting date only affected survival of Prunus serotina Ehrh. and Juglans nigra L. in 2001–2002, and Liriodendron tulipifera L. in 2002–2003. Planting date did not consistently affect seedling growth of any species; however, low precipitation in summer of 2002 apparently limited growth of late season plantings. These results suggest that the planting season could effectively be extended given adequate soil moisture.
For A Time

An assessment of Michael Naas's Miracle and Machine , which is devoted to a careful reading of Derrida's essay "Faith and Knowledge". This article focuses on survival and its temporality.
Understanding Global Embeddedness: Discourses on Self, Work and Globalization Among Kenyan Apparel Workers

Taking a closer look at globalization and its discontents, this Article examines how workers in Africa's burgeoning export apparel industry make sense of their lives and their work. This Article places its explicit focus is on Kenya - a country that has metamorphosed from a fledgling producer of domestic apparels to the third largest garment exporter in Sub Saharan Africa since the inception of the African Growth and Opportunity Act in 2000 (AGOA), Kenya has. Considering the complex transnational linkages that garment manufacture has created in Kenya, as well as the global economic processes - in particular, the expiration of the WTO MultiFiber Arrangement and increased competition with China - that now threaten its existence, this project investigates what economic integration means from the vantage point of workers. By exploring the experiences of Kenyan apparel workers, this Article seek to understand how workers understand and interpret their position in global production systems and how this knowledge gets accrued, transferred and assimilated by workers inside and outside the factory setting. This Article also contributes to an important body of research concerning export processing zones and garment factory work.
Immersion Tin for QFN Packages to create a 3-D solder joint for reliability enhancement

The QFN (Quad-Flat No-leads) package is one of several package technologies that connect ICs to the surfaces of PCBs without through-holes. The side edges of the standard QFN Package are not covered by solder, which results in the fact that the package is soldered only planar in 2 dimensions from the QFN bottom side onto the PCB as shown on fig. 1 a). The QFN where the side edge is covered by immersion tin will keep the side edged of a QFN solderable as shown in fig. 1 b). This allows the package to be soldered in 3 dimensions onto the PCB providing a stronger solder joint and a better reliability. The suggested paper describes a new process to cover the side edges of the package with immersion tin after the QFN package singulation step. The exposed lead frame edges are covered by immersion tin. No exposed copper is visible and delivers a 3 dimensional solder joint with better reliability and protection for the soldered package.
p53 Overexpression as a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Mantle Cell Lymphomas With t(11; 14)(q13;q32)

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation, which juxtaposes the BCL1 oncogene with the Ig heavy chain locus, has been associated with an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) termed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). To date, no molecular marker that serves as an indicator of tumor progression or clinical prognosis has been described for NHLs with this translocation. We examined a panel of NHLs with t(11;14) for overexpression of p53 and correlated the results with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, karyotypic features, and clinical course. NHLs with t(11;14) were identified from 30 patients. The diagnosis was MCL for 23 of 30, small lymphocytic lymphoma for 4 of 30, and diffuse large-cell lymphoma for 3 of 30 cases. The results of immunohistochemistry analysis using a monoclonal anti-p53 antibody on paraffin-embedded specimens were compared with the SSCP data, the tumor karyotypes, and clinical course of each patient. DNA sequencing of exons was performed on cases that showed conformational changes by SSCP analysis. NHLs from 5 of 23 patients with MCL were positive for p53 overexpression. Deletions of chromosome 17p were identified in 2 of 30 cases, both of which were MCLs showing p53 overexpression. Two of the five MCLs with p53 overexpression showed evidence for TP53 mutations. None of the 18 MCLs negative for p53 overexpression showed conformational changes by SSCP. For these 18 patients with MCLs that did not overexpress p53, the median survival was 63 months, compared with 12 months for the 5 patients with MCLs positive for p53 overexpression (P < .001). These results suggest that p53 overexpression in MCL with t(11;14)(q13;q32) may serve as a marker of poor prognosis.
A Practical Circuit Design Of Event Register For Single Chip Microcomputer Working In The Low Power Consumption Mode

Single chip microcomputer based on microprocessor is widely used in all walks of life,It is generally in the intermittent working mode for the low power consumption,An interrupt signal is generated by an external event,will be dormant or power-down state of the processor into operation state,In order to save processor interrupt resource,simplify the data acquisition hardware and software development,Design of an event by D Flip-Flop consisting of(interrupt)register circuit,the event after storage for the processor to read.The event register circuit design are given in this paper,PROTEUS circuit simulation results are consistent with the design goals,The circuit has been successfully applied to low power system based on PC104 processor etc.
Study of the IHA and ELISA diagnosis results of the schistosomiasis patients

Objective To analyze the serum antibodies testing results and characteristics of schistosomiasis patients. Methods Information and serum antibodies testing results of the schistosomiasis out patients were collected from 2005 to 2011 for statistical analysis. Results 5 979 schistosomiasis out patients were tested. For the IHA test, the positive rate was 7.96%, while the positive rate for the ELISA test was 19.95% and 7.18% was both positive in IHA and ELISA tests. After year 2008, the positive rate of schistosomiasis diagnosis was decreasing yearly. In year 2011, the positive rate of IHA test was dropped to 3.98%, ELISA test to 16.93% and both positive in HIA and ELISA tests to 3.70%, significantly lower than those of 2008 year (IHA:χ2=51.76,P=0.000;ELISA:χ2=36.17,P=0.000; IHA+ELISA:χ2=46.10,P=0.000). The positive rate of both positive in IHA and ELISA tests of the 10-year old age group was higher than that of any other age group. The schistosomiasis out patients positive in serum tests was mainly male. Conclusion After the implementation of infection control and prevention strategy in Hubei province, the serum positive rate was declined and was the lowest in recent years. However the positive rates of male and the 10-year old age group were outstanding. Corresponding prevention and control measures should be implemented.
Electrical activity of the cat duodenum in fasting and vomiting.

Monopolar electromyograms from duodenum and proximal jejunum were made with eight electrodes implanted chronically in 6 cats, after feeding and fasting, in fasted animals given neostigmine and atropine, and in animals made to vomit with morphine. Slow wave frequency in fasting was not affected by feeding, neostigmine, or atropine. Velocity in fasting was not affected by feeding, neostigmine, or atropine. The proportion of slow waves bearing spike potentials in fasting was increased by neostigmine and reduced by atropine. After a prolonged fast, slow waves were periodically interrupted by long bursts of spike potentials, migrating slowly aborad. Slow waves were not detected at first thereafter; when they returned they were at first phase-locked orad, then reorganized into phase lock aborad. Vomiting was preceded by a similar long burst of spike potentials, migrating orad. Slow waves were not detected at first thereafter; when they returned, they were not phase-locked or phase-locked orad. They later became phase-locked aborad. The direction of slow wave phase lock varies physiologically. The long spike burst, occurring in fasting and vomiting, is an independent phenomenon capable of giving a vector to duodenal movements. Its direction also varies physiologically.
Ambiguous Genitalia in the Newborn

Presence of ambiguous genitalia in newborns typically represents a medical and psychosocial emergency. The term “ambiguous genitalia” refers to genitalia that is not clearly male or female in the spectrum of sexual development. Patients may present as predominantly male but may have hypospadias, a small phallus, a scrotum with fewer than two palpable gonads, or a scrotum with separated scrotal sacs. Patients may also present as predominantly female but may have an enlarged clitoris, occasionally appearing to be a phallus; fused labioscrotal folds; an inguinal hernia containing a gonad; or a shortened vulva with a single opening. Population studies suggest that the frequency of children born with any degree of ambiguous genitalia, including hypospadias, ranges from 1 in 4500 to 1 in 30,000 patients. The process of sexual differentiation in such infants is complex and is aided by recent advances in molecular biology and genetic analysis. These disorders may be categorized according to the stage of development at which the disruption of normal development occurred. Sex of rearing may be more difficult to establish for male pseudohermaphrodites because there is evidence that testosterone imprinting on the fetal brain may play a strong role in determination of male sexual orientation despite the outward genital appearance. Traditionally, reconstructive surgery is scheduled in early life to ensure a stable gender identity. Reconstruction of the genitalia also facilitates social acceptance of the child's gender assignment.
Ancestral Journeys: The Peopling of Europe from the First Venturers to the Vikings

Ancestral Journeys: The Peopling of Europe from the First Venturers to the Vikings. By Jean Manco. 312 pp.; maps, ills., bibliog., index. London: Thames & Hudson, 2015 (revised edition). $16.95 (pa...
On the relationship between P-log and LP MLN

The paper investigates the relationship between knowledge representation languages P-log [Baral et al., 2004] and LPMLN [Lee et al., 2015] designed for representing and reasoning with logic and probability. We give a translation from an important subset of LPMLN to P-log which preserves probabilistic functions defined by LPMLN programs and complements recent research [Lee and Wang, 2016] by the authors of LPMLN where they give a similar translation from a subset of P-log to their language. This work sheds light on the different ways to treat inconsistency in both languages.
Critical period of weed control in radish ( Raphinus sativus L.)

A field study was carried out at Crop Farm of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka to determine the critical period for weed control and the effects of weed interference in radish in the regosols of the Batticaloa District. An increasing series of the duration of weed interference and length of the weed-free periods were imposed weekly from 0 to 40 days after emergence (DAE). The beginning and the end of CPWC were based on 5, 10 and 20% acceptable yield loss levels (AYL), which were determined by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data, representing increasing duration of weed-interference and weed-free periods. The critical period for weed control increased to 31 days, starting at 7 days and ending at 38 days, at 5% yield loss level. At 10% and 20% yield loss levels, the CPCW decreased to 12 and 8 days respectively, starting at 18 DAE and ending at 30 DAE, and beginning at 13 DAE and ending at 21 DAE, respectively.
Do Robotic Surgical Systems Improve Profit Margins? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of California Hospitals

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the association between ownership of robotic surgical systems and hospital profit margins. Methods This study used hospital annual utilization data, annual financial data, and discharge data for year 2011 from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. We first performed bivariate analysis to compare mean profit margin by hospital and market characteristics and to examine whether these characteristics differed between hospitals that had one or more robotic surgical systems in 2011 and those that did not. We applied the t test and the F test to compare mean profit margin between two groups and among three or more groups, respectively. We then conducted multilevel logistic regression to determine the association between ownership of robotic surgical systems and having a positive profit margin after controlling for other hospital and market characteristics and accounting for possible correlation among hospitals located within the same market. Results The study sample included 167 California hospitals with valid financial information. Hospitals with robotic surgical systems tended to report more favorable profit margins. However, multilevel logistic regression showed that this relationship (an association, not causality) became only marginally significant (odds ratio [OR] = 6.2; P = 0.053) after controlling for other hospital characteristics, such as ownership type, teaching status, bed size, and surgical volumes, and market characteristics, such as total number of robotic surgical systems owned by other hospitals in the same market area. Conclusions As robotic surgical systems become widely disseminated, hospital decision makers should carefully evaluate the financial and clinical implications before making a capital investment in this technology.
Who Has Potatoes? Turning Points in Migratory Experience

Migratory farm labor like other forms of migrant work both in and outside agriculture impedes on the opportunity to make choices. The following essay explores particular phases in the life of one man (a single case study) and examines how he considers turning points in his life that led to a long period of substance use, both as an immigrant in the country and as a working man in his home country, followed by a cessation of use and the beginning stages of recovery. / Para el migrante, viajar en busca de trabajo es dificil, ya sea que trabaje en agricultura o en otras labores. Este ensayo examina ciertas etapas en la vida de un hombre (estudio de un solo caso) que examina los cambios que le han ocurrido durante un periodo en que el consumia grandes cantidades de alcohol en los estados y en su pais, seguido por un periodo de sobriedad (no tomaba alcohol, no usaba drogas) en este pais en que el comienza una etapa de rehabilitacion.
The silent other in contemporary border cinema: The Latino figure in No Country for Old Men and The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada

This essay analyzes the representation of the Latino characters in the Hollywood films The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada and No Country for Old Men through the frame of the border film and its conventions; Kristeva and Danowski’s (1982) notion of the abject; demographic changes along the border; and contemporary discourses surrounding undocumented immigrants in the Southwest. Casting the Latino characters as unknowable to spectators through either the indiscernibility of their origins or the violence they enact, both films play on and reflect contemporary anxieties related to border security and citizenship within the American imaginary.
Determination of Furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Biomass Hydrolysate by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in biomass hydrolysate was developed. The extraction procedure used n-butanol as th...
Benign Thymic Rebound Hyperplasia

The thymus atrophies with age, but in times of stress can regrow to its original size or beyond, known as thymic rebound. PET/MR imaging can play a role in evaluating the thymus with simultaneous anatomical and metabolic information to indicate thymic rebound versus malignancy.
An Empirical Model for Predicting SE Cross Section for Combinational Logic Circuits in Advanced Technologies

At the gigahertz range of frequencies, contribution of combinational logic upsets has increased significantly to the overall single-event (SE) upset rate (SER) of sequential circuits. Most approaches for modeling and/or predicting logic SER are either pure simulation based or pure experiment based. Simulation-based approaches need a lot of computing power. Experiment-based approaches require fabrication of actual circuits. This paper presents an empirical method that uses experimental data from simple test structures for estimating SE vulnerability of any combinational logic circuit. Estimated logic SEU cross section matches well with the measured logic SEU cross section. Estimated logic SEU cross section results obtained with the proposed method are within $2\times $ average error when compared to the experimentally measured logic SEU cross section. This method only needs to be calibrated once for use at a given technology node.
Outcomes in bone predominant (BP) urothelial carcinoma (UC).

441Background: The clinical phenotype of BP UC includes those patients (pts) with at least as many or more bone lesions than non-bone lesions. UC molecular subtypes that may correlate with prognosi...
Chinese-English bilinguals transfer L1 lexical reading procedures and holistic orthographic coding to L2 English

Abstract This study examines second language (L2) reading by individuals with a Chinese or Korean native literacy (L1) background. It tests a hypothesis about the L1-L2 transfer of word reading procedures, which predicts that Chinese-English (CE) bilinguals transfer a bias towards lexical reading procedures and holistic orthographic coding to L2 English reading, whereas Korean-English (KE) bilinguals transfer a bias towards sublexical reading procedures and analytic orthographic coding. To test this hypothesis, we gave a word naming task to CE and KE groups matched on English language experience and use. The stimuli were English words that varied in frequency and orthographic-phonological consistency, and pronounceable English nonwords. Items were presented in an upright or inverted orientation. The CE bilinguals exhibited slower naming latencies, especially for inverted stimuli. Further, the effects of inversion interacted differently with frequency and consistency across the two groups, with CE bilinguals more sensitive to frequency and KE bilinguals more sensitive to consistency. Group differences in naming accuracy were also observed, even when differences in reading skill were taken into account. Overall, these findings provide evidence for L1-L2 transfer of word reading procedures and demonstrate that stimulus inversion can unmask individual differences in reading style. More generally, they indicate that both lexical and sublexical procedures can support skilled English reading, though the pace of reading development will likely be poorer for readers biased towards lexical reading procedures.
Interplay of grade and stage on survival outcomes in appendiceal adenocarcinoma: Corroboration of the AJCC (8th edition) Cancer Staging Classification.

773Background: Histological grade is a key prognostic factor in appendiceal adenocarcinomas (AAs) and has been incorporated in classification of stage IV AAs (IVA – Grade 1: Well; IVB – Grade 2/3: ...
Wachstumsstrategien: Penetration, Ausweiten des Produktmarktes und vertikale Integration

Eines der Ziele fast aller Unternehmen ist, beim Absatz, bei der Wertsteigerung, den Gewinnen, beim Personal und bei den Ressourcen zu wachsen. Wachstum bringt eine gewisse Vitalitat in ein Unternehmen, indem es Herausforderungen und Belohnungen bietet. Es kann schwierig sein, mit einem Szenario des Nullwachstums uberhaupt zu uberleben, weil Konkurrenten angreifen und verwundbare Geschaftsfelder zuruckgehen werden. Ohne entsprechende Wachstumsfelder wird das gesamte Unternehmen schrumpfen. Wenn ein Geschaftsfeld unterhalb einer kritischen Grose produziert und die erforderlichen Skaleneffekte ausbleiben, kann das Unternehmen nicht langer lebensfahig sein. Somit sind Wachstumsziele nicht nur erwunscht, sondern konnen sogar notwendig sein.
Ontogenic maturation of the somatotropin/insulin-like growth factor axis.

The ontogeny of the somatotropin/insulin-like growth factor system was examined in well-fed pigs under basal conditions and during a short-term challenge of porcine ST (pST). The study was conducted with two replicates of eight castrate male pigs from 3.8 kg BW (10 d of age) to 92 kg BW (129 d of age). Pigs were reared individually with ad libitum access to milk replacer through 23 d of age. Thereafter, pigs were fed a corn, soybean meal, and dry skim milk diet formulated to exceed nutrient requirements by approximately 30%. Pigs were randomly assigned to receive daily i.m. injections of either 0 (buffer) or 120 microg/kg BW of pST for a duration of 4 d starting at 10, 19, 33, 43, 63, 83, and 125 d of age. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on d 0 and 4 of the challenge. Circulating levels of IGF-I were not dramatically affected by age, but levels of IGF-II were low from 10 to 19 d of age and then increased through later stages of growth. Circulating concentrations of IGF binding protein (BP)-3 increased with age (P .10). The pST challenge reduced plasma urea nitrogen at all ages, but the magnitude of the response was less in younger pigs compared with the maximum response in pigs greater than 30 kg BW (63 d of age). The IGF-I response to the pST challenge also increased from approximately 30% in young pigs to a threefold increase in older pigs. Regardless of age, concentrations of IGF-II were minimally affected by the pST challenge. Circulating levels of IGFBP-3 increased and IGFBP-2 levels decreased in response to the pST challenge, and the magnitude increased with age. The high nutritional status of pigs in the early phases of growth diminished the postnatal changes in IGF-I and IGFBP-2, but not IGF-II or IGFBP-3. Overall, data demonstrate a developmental regulation of the ST/IGF system, with pST challenges altering circulating concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-2 coincident with changes in amino acid metabolism.
MR guided right heart catheterization - the NIH experience

Background Realtime MR enables radiation free guidance for right heart catheterization (RHC). In addition to catheter navigation for sampling of invasive pressures and blood oxygen saturations, MR permits concomitant assessment of cardiac chamber volumes and cardiac output with phase contrast flow measurements. By performing repeat measurements under different physiological provocations (e.g. saline volume challenge, inhaled nitric oxide, or exercise), diagnostic yield increases by revealing symptoms and pathologic findings not apparent at rest. Herein we present the NIH experience of MR RHC to date.
Investigating amoebic pathogenesis usingEntamoeba histolytica DNA microarrays

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, causes diarrhea and liver abscesses resulting in 50 million cases of infection worldwide annually. Elucidation of parasite virulence determinants has recently been investigated using genetic approaches. We have undertaken a genomics approach to identify novel virulence determinants in the parasite. A DNA microarray ofE. histolytica is being developed based on sequenced genomic clones from the genome sequencing efforts of The Institute of Genomic Research (TIGR) and the Sanger Center. Hybridization of the slides with samples labelled differentially using fluorescent dyes allows the characterization of transcriptional profiles of genes under the biological conditions tested. Additionally, a genome-wide comparison ofE. histolytica andE. dispar can be undertaken. The development of anE. histolytica microarray will be outlined and its uses in identifying novel virulence determinants and characterizing amoebic biology will be discussed.
APPROACH TO INELASTICITY THROUGH DISLOCATIONS AND EXTENDED SLAB ANALOGY

Two new concepts in the study of the slab analogy are introduced. According to the modern concept of plasticity, it is shown that plastic stress analysis can be approached by the slab analogy through the dislocation theory. An example of a notched bar in uniaxial tension is given. The second new concept concerns the strain energy in the slab analogy. It is shown that the strain energy of a dislocation has an analogous relation to the strain energy of a bending slab due to a concentrated moment at the geometrically similar position on the slab. The calculation of a dislocation resistance caused by vacancy clusters and the calculation of the energy increment of a dislocation due to an opening crack are given as examples to illustrate the application of the slab energy analogy.
Mona Lisa: the enigma of the smile.

The Mona Lisa, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1503, pictures a smile that has been long the subject of conjecture. It is believed, however, that the Mona Lisa does not smile; she wears an expression common to people who have lost their front teeth. A close-up of the lip area shows a scar that is not unlike that left by the application of blunt force. The changes evident in the perioral area are such that occur when the anterior teeth are lost. The scar under the lower lip of the Mona Lisa is similar to that created, when, as a result of force, the incisal edges of the teeth have pierced the face with a penetrating wound.
Long-term wireless monitoring solution for the risk management of highway retaining walls

Highways consist of many large structures requiring vigilant inspection and maintenance. While significant research attention has been focused on the health management of bridges, comparatively less attention has been paid to other highway structures including retaining walls. In the United States, there has been a recent emphasis on extending the use of risk management methods to the extremely large national inventory of retaining wall structures. In this paper, a long-term wireless monitoring system is developed as a cost-efficient approach to collecting data and information required for risk assessment of retaining wall structures. The study focuses on two reinforced concrete (RC) retaining walls to highlight the monitoring system design and to illustrate how measurement data offers insight to wall performance. The first wall is a caisson supported retaining wall along the M-10 freeway in Detroit, MI; the second is a classical reinforced concrete cantilever wall along I-696 in Southfield, MI. The wireless monitoring system installed on each wall system uses a cellular-based wireless sensor node termed Urbano that is solar powered and customized to measure wall tilt using inclinometers, wall strain using strain gages, and wall temperature using thermistors. The monitoring systems have been valuable in assessing the behavior of the M-10 and I-696 wall systems for a broader risk management framework. The monitoring results reveal both wall systems are operating as designed with limited tilt and strain responses to normal environmental factors including moisture and temperature.