cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of the Lillehei-Kaster pivoting-disc valve.

Abstract A four-year clinical evaluation of 133 patients with Lillehei-Kaster pivoting-disc valves has shown that patients with an aortic valve prosthesis have remained free from valve-related problems. Patients with a mitral valve implanted have a satisfactory survival record as calculated by actuarial methods; however, a 10% incidence of valve thrombosis was experienced. Analysis suggests that this may be related to inadequate anticoagulation or use of an inappropriate suturing technique or both. The patients enjoyed significant clinical improvement following operation, with no evidence of hemolysis. A history suggestive of postoperative embolization was present in only 1 patient in this series.
Mean-field diffusion-limited aggregation in radial geometries

We extend our study of a recently proposed mean-field theory (MFT) for diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) to radial geometries. These include growth from a point in a fully open space and also growth in sectors with a range of opening angles. We find that the MFT accurately predicts the shape, angular width, and anisotropy dependence of the ensemble-averaged DLA pattern. For systems such that there is no stable solution of the related Saffman-Taylor problem, the mean-field theory exhibits an extreme flattening of the tip region which is also present in averaged DLA. The latter fact has not been noticed previously due to the stabilizing effect of lattice anisotropy present in previous simulations.
Administration of growth hormone to pigs alters the relative amount of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in liver and skeletal muscle.

The relative amount of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA was determined in the liver and skeletal muscle of market weight crossbred barrows (castrated male pigs) using a solution hybridization-nuclease protection assay. Pigs were given either 50 micrograms recombinant porcine GH per kg body weight or vehicle daily for 24 days i.m. They were fed corn-soybean meal diets containing either 140 or 200 g crude protein/kg (low or high protein). The percentage of muscle in the carcasses of pigs given GH was greater (P less than 0.01) than that of controls. Relative to controls, GH increased (P less than 0.05) the amount of liver IGF-I mRNA by 2.7-fold in pigs fed the low protein diet and 3.0-fold in pigs fed the high protein diet. The amount of IGF-I mRNA in the muscles of GH-treated pigs was 77% and 84% of control pigs in those fed the low and high protein diets respectively (P less than 0.08). GH increased (P less than 0.001) the serum concentration of IGF-I 1.6-fold in pigs fed the low protein diet and 2.0-fold in those fed the high protein diet. These results indicate that the administration of GH to pigs influences the relative amount of liver IGF-I mRNA. The increased amount of liver IGF-I mRNA and the increased serum IGF-I concentrations suggest that IGF-I plays an endocrine role in mediating GH-induced muscle hypertrophy in pigs.
Effect of Prohexidione-Ca and Mepiquat Chloride on Stolon Production and Yield of Florida Grown Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch)

Abstract Removal of stolons from strawberry plants in Florida's annual winter production system incurs significant costs to growers. Mepiquat chloride (Ponnax®) and prohexidione-calcium (Apogee®) were evaluated for the ability to reduce stolon production of strawberries grown under annual production techniques. Two rates of mepiquat chloride (170.6 and 273.5 g ai/ha) and two rates of prohexidione-calcium (113.8 and 227.6 g ai/ha) were applied three times at two week intervals beginning 4 weeks after establishment. Significant control of stolon production was achieved with both rates of prohexidione-calcium compared to mepiquat chloride and untreated controls. However, significant reductions in yields were associated with prohexidione-calcium. Application of mepiquat chloride at 273.5 g ai/ha increased fruit yield during the month of January above all other treatments.
Magazine fulfillment centers: What they are, how they operate, and what we can do about them

Une etude approfondie des services rendus aux editeurs, comme aux bibliotheques, par les diffuseurs de periodiques americains dans la gestion de plus souvent automatisee, des abonnements est presentee
Structure and function in rhodopsin. Cysteines 65 and 316 are in proximity in a rhodopsin mutant as indicated by disulfide formation and interactions between attached spin labels.

To probe proximity relationships between different amino acids in the interhelical loops in the cytoplasmic domain of rhodopsin, we are using a general approach in which two cysteine residues are introduced at different locations. Here we report on the characteristics of one such mutant that contains the naturally occuring cysteine 316 near the cytoplasmic end of helix G and a second cysteine at position 65 (H65C), near the cytoplasmic end of helix A. The mutant protein after expression in COS-1 cells and reconstitution with 11-cis-retinal can be bound to anti-rhodopsin antibody 1D4-Sepharose at pH 6 in a form that contains the two cysteines in the free sulfhydryl form. In this form, the mutant protein reacts as expected with N-ethylmaleimide in the dark at room temperature and can be derivatized with nitroxide spin labels. However, under appropriate conditions, the mutant can be isolated with the cysteines in the disulfide form, which has been characterized by analysis of fragments produced on proteolysi...
Measurement of impurity concentrations and radiated power in the tandem mirror experiment

A study of the impurity emissions (300–1600 A) in the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) is described. Brightness measurements obtained with three absolutely calibrated monochromators, each viewing a separate section of TMX, showed that the dominant impurities were oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and titanium. In the end cells, oxygen was the most abundant impurity with a concentration of 2%; the neutral beams were a significant source of oxygen as in the 2XIIB experiment. In the central cell, the impurity concentrations were low: 0.4% for each species. Emissions from carbon and oxygen in this region were reduced by titanium gettering of the vacuum chamber walls. Total radiative power losses due to impurities were <10% of the net trapped neutral beam power.
Tissue- and cell-specific distribution of proteins that interact with the human thyroid hormone receptor-beta.

Abstract Variable tissue effects of thyroid hormones depend on many factors that could include tissue-specific proteins that interact with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. To study this possibility, direct interactions between the thyroid hormone receptor β and other nuclear proteins were examined by far western blotting assays. Purified hTRβ bound to human retinoid X receptor α and human general transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) immobilized on a membrane and it also bound to several different hTRβ binding proteins (TRBPs) in nuclear extracts from rat brain, kidney, liver, GH3 cells, and HeLa cells. Each tissue or cell line showed unique distributions of TRBPs and some TRBPs were regulated by thyroid hormone in vivo. These studies show that multiple proteins interact with the hTRβ and they could be important in regulating TR function.
The metallurgy of the iron-neodymium-boron permanent magnet system

Abstract The phases coexisting with the magnetic boride Fe14Nd2B at 298 K are α-Fe, Fe17Nd2, Fe4NdB4, and α-Nd. Metastable β-Nd and a modification of the magnetic boride are suggested by electron diffraction patterns. No Fe2Nd was found. The interaction between the magnetic boride and the Nd-rich liquid during sintering and/or heat treating is complex. It breaks up particles and introduces inclusions and is responsible for the unique properties of the sintered magnets. The liquid solidifies into a eutectic whose presence causes serious degradation in a corrosive environment. The variation of the microhardness of the magnetic boride with alloy composition and heat treatment is discussed.
Preserving our past as the National Therapeutic Recreation Society while embracing opportunities for change

Our life is an apprenticeship to the truth, that around every circle another can be drawn; that there is no end in nature, but every end is a beginning; that there is always another dawn risen on m...
The D. C. Juvenile Court: Social Agency Or A Court Of Law?

The D C Bar Journal sponsored a legal writing competition at Catholic University Law School. The following is an excerpt from the winning paper reprinted from the March-April 1968 issue of the D C Bar Journal of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia
Fast 3D registration of multimodality tibial images with significant structural mismatch

ABSTRACT Recently, micro-magnetic resonance imaging ( P MRI) in conjunction with micro-finite element analysis has shown great potential in estimating mechanical properties  stiffness and elastic moduli  of bone in patients at risk of osteoporosis. Due to limited spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio achievable in vivo , the validity of estimated properties is often established by comparison to those derived from high-resolution micro-CT ( P CT) images of cadaveric specimens. For accurate comparison of mechanical parameters derived from P MR and P CT images, analyzed 3D volumes have to be closely matched. The alignment of the micro structure (and th e cortex) is often hampered by the fundamental differences of P MR and P CT images and variations in marrow content and corti cal bone thickness. Here we present an intensity cross-correlation based registration algorithm coupled with segmentation for registering 3D tibial specimen images acquired by µMRI and P CT in the context of finite-element modeling to assess the bones mechanical constants. The algorithm first generates three translational and three ro tational parameters required to align segmented µMR and P CT images from sub regions with high micro-structural similarities. These transformation parameters are then used to register the grayscale P MR and P CT images, which include both the cortex and trabecular bone. The intensity cross-correlation maximization based registration algorithm descri bed here is suitable for 3D rigid-body image registration applications where through-plane rotations are known to be relatively small. The close alignment of the resulting images is demonstrated quantitatively based on a voxel-overlap meas ure and qualitatively using visual inspection of the micro structure. Keywords: Multimodality registration, P MRI, P CT, Bone strength, Trabecular b one, Cortical bone, Biomechanics
A Quantitative Description of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cardiac Mitochondria

Mitochondria oxidize substrates and generate chemical potential in the form of free energy of ATP hydrolysis, which is used to drive various cellular processes. We have developed a computer model of this process (oxidative phosphorylation) consisting of kinetic models of electron transport chain complexes, adenine nucleotide and phosphate transporters, and proton leak. The model was parameterized and validated using dynamic measurements of mitochondrial NADH, reduced cytochrome C, membrane potential and oxygen consumption in rat heart mitochondria. Using our computer model, we report a quantitative description of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation when the mitochondria are 1) respiring on endogenous substrates, 2) respiring on added pyruvate and malate at saturating concentrations, and 3) phosphorylating added ADP.
Anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes of cell surface receptors.

Anti-idiotypic antibodies have proven to have unique applications as probes in both functional and biochemical studies of cell surface receptors. Anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies have been prepared to antibodies which bind to purified ligand, as in the case of insulin, retinol-binding protein, the mammalian reovirus receptor, and the neutrophil chemotatic receptor, and to natural ligand analogs, such as the beta-adrenergic antagonist alprenolol. These systems have documented the usefulness of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the quantitation and modulation of specific membrane receptors on a variety of cell types. Anti-idotypic antibodies have also been utilized for the isolation of specific membrane receptors, e.g., reovirus and B-1 H globulin receptors. Some anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies, e.g., insulin and reovirus systems, have been shown to mimic the physiological properties of ligand upon binding to cellular receptors. These antibodies enable a new dimension of both receptor based cellular studies and therapeutic regimens. This review focuses on the past use of anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes of cell surface receptors, and on the methodologies required for the successful application of anti-idiotypic antibodies for use in further membrane receptor studies, and of the genes which encode and regulate these receptors. We also discuss the use of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the understanding of and therapeutic approach to receptor related diseases.
Unintended passive resonant structures in interconnect designs for multi-gigabit signaling

In a computer system design, printed-circuit board (PCB) and package designers may unknowingly ignore critical high-Q resonate phenomena. This is often associated with structures that are not direct part of the intended signaling path and/or not actively included in a typical signal integrity analysis. An example of the detrimental resonance impact due to an improperly terminated “no-connect” pin reveals a new class of problems associated with multi-gigabit signaling.
Dynamic personal roles for ubiquitous computing

This paper presents doctoral research on a key problem for ubiquitous computing: implementation of representatives for physical objects, particularly people. This poster outlines an approach to implementing dynamic personal roles suitable for a ubiquitous computing environment.
Toward the implementation of automated analysis idealization control

Abstract The design and implementation of a framework to support the application of all levels of analysis idealization control within a feedback loop is presented. The system architecture allows for the addition of new idealization control techniques and definition of analysis strategies without the need for extensive procedural program development. It also supports the direct integration with other software packages such as those used to define and house the geometry of the artifact.
Patterns of olfactory projections in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis.

The neural organization of the olfactory system in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, has been investigated by using the Fink-Heimer technique to trace the efferents of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs, and Golgi preparations to determine the spatial relations between olfactory afferents and neurons in the primary olfactory centers. The accessory olfactory bulb projects to the ipsilateral nucleus sphericus via the accessory olfactory tract. The main olfactory bulb projects to the ipsilateral telen-cephalon via four tracts. The medial olfactory tract projects to the rostral continuation of medial cortex and to the septum. The intermediate olfactory tract projects to the olfactory tubercle and retrobulbar formation. The lateral olfactory tract projects to the rostral part of lateral cortex. The intermediate and lateral olfactory tracts also merge caudally to form the stria medullaris, which crosses the midline in the habenular commissure and distributes fibers to the contralateral hemisphere via two tracts. The lateral corticohabenular tract terminates in the contralateral lateral cortex. The anterior olfactohabenular tract terminates in the contralateral olfactory tubercle, retrobulbar formation and septum. The relation of olfactory afferents to neurons in the medial cortex, lateral cortex, nucleus sphericus, and septum corresponds to a pattern of organization that is typical of many olfactorecipient structures. Such structures are trilaminar, with neurons whose somata are situated in the intermediate layer (layer 2) sending spine-laden dendrites into an outer, molecular layer (layer 1). Olfactory afferents intersect the distal segments of these dendrites. By contrast, other olfactorecipient structures in Dipsoaurus deviate from the familiar pattern. Olfactory afferents intersect somata lying in layer 2 of the retrobulbar formation. Olfactory afferents include some fibers which course perpendicularly to the surface of the olfactory tubercle and extend deep to layer 2.
Zone compressesion effects in high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A mathematical description of the post-column compression and acceleration of peaks eluted from a liquid chromatographic column is presented. By using specialized on-column concentration instrumentation for the sequential entrapment, compression and acceleration of individual solute zones, automatic enrichment of long retained solutes is possible. The techniques is useful for preparative separations, where gradient elution cannot always be utilized.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein regulation of microsomal phospholipase D activity of canine cerebral cortex

The hydrolytic activity of microsomal phospholipase D from canine cerebral cortex was measured by a radiochemical assay using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoryl[3H]choline and 1-palmitoyl-2-[9,10(n)-3H]palmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine as the exogenous substrates. Of several detergents tested, Triton X-100 was found to be the most effective in allowing expression of phospholipase D hydrolytic activity. The microsomal phospholipase D does not require any metal ion for its hydrolytic activity. Calcium and magnesium were slightly inhibitory between concentrations of 1 and 4 mM, but zinc was greatly inhibitory, causing a loss of greater than 90% activity at the 4 mM concentration. Non-hydrolyzable guanine nucleotide analogues such as guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate and guanyl-5'-yl-(beta, gamma-methylene)diphosphonate but not guanosine 5'-(2-thio)diphosphate were able persistently to stimulate phospholipase D hydrolytic activity at micromolar concentrations. Guanosine 5'-(2-thio)diphosphate was capable of partially blocking guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate stimulation of phospholipase D. Aluminum fluoride was able to cause a two- to threefold increase in hydrolytic activity of the phospholipase D. Cholera toxin had a stimulatory effect on the hydrolytic activity of phospholipase D, whereas islet-activating protein pertussis toxin had no effect. These results indicate that regulation of microsomal phosphatidylcholine phospholipase D activity by the guanine nucleotide-binding protein(s) in canine cerebral cortex may play an important role in signal transduction processes as well as in brain choline metabolism.
Quantitative Overview of Randomized Trials of Amiodarone to Prevent Sudden Cardiac Death

Background Some randomized clinical trials of amiodarone therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death have had positive results and others have had negative results, but all were relatively small. This meta-analysis aimed to pool all trials to assess the effect of amiodarone on mortality and the impact of differences in patient population and study design on trial outcomes. Methods and Results Fifteen randomized trials were identified, and outcome measures were combined by use of a random effects model. The effect of patient population and study design on total mortality was assessed by use of a hierarchical Bayes model. Amiodarone reduced total mortality by 19% (confidence limits, 6% to 31%; P<.01), with somewhat greater reductions in cardiac mortality (23%, P<.001) and sudden death (30%, P<.001). Mortality reductions were similar in trials enrolling patients after myocardial infarction (21%), with left ventricular dysfunction (22%), and after cardiac arrest (25%). There was a trend toward greater risk reduct...
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders reviewer acknowledgement 2013

We thank all of our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in volume 5 (2013). High quality and timely reviews are critical to the overall quality of the journal. We are committed to providing a unique and important outlet for scholarship regarding neurodevelopmental disorders and are indebted to the outstanding reviewers who have contributed their time over the last year in helping us to reach this goal.
Adamantane and diamantane; phase diagrams, solubilities, and rates of dissolution

Abstract Properties of adamantane and diamantane relevant to their occurrence in and removal from gas pipelines have been determined. The phase diagrams for these two diamondoids have been determined between ambient temperature and the estimated critical point using vapor pressure measurements, S-S and S-L phase transition observations, and solubilities in dense carbon dioxide. Diamantane exhibited three different solid phases. Although many common organic liquids were strong solvents for adamantane and diamantane, cyclohexane was particularly effective due to the similarity between its structure and the fused cyclohexane ring structure of the diamondoids. A generalized correlation for the mass transfer coefficient governing the dissolution of extremely thick diamantane deposits from the inter wall of pipelines developed in this study can be used to provide accurate estimates of the amount of solvent required to remove the deposit. Reasonable estimates can also be obtained with the analytical solution derived in this study if an invariant, average mass transfer coefficient is used.
Complement anaphylatoxins as immune regulators in cancer

The role of the complement system in innate immunity is well characterized. However, a recent body of research implicates the complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a as insidious propagators of tumor growth and progression. It is now recognized that certain tumors elaborate C3a and C5a and that complement, as a mediator of chronic inflammation and regulator of immune function, may in fact foster rather than defend against tumor growth. A putative mechanism for this function is complement-mediated suppression of immune effector cells responsible for immunosurveillance within the tumor microenvironment. This paradigm accords with models of immune dysregulation, such as autoimmunity and infectious disease, which have defined a pathophysiological role for abnormal complement signaling. Several types of immune cells express the cognate receptors for the complement anaphylatoxins, C3aR and C5aR, and demonstrate functional modulation in response to complement stimulation. In turn, impairment of antitumor immunity has been intimately tied to tumor progression in animal models of cancer. In this article, the literature was systematically reviewed to identify studies that have characterized the effects of the complement anaphylatoxins on the composition and function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. The search identified six studies based upon models of lymphoma and ovarian, cervical, lung, breast, and mammary cancer, which collectively support the paradigm of complement as an immune regulator in the tumor microenvironment.
Effective transverse Young's modulus of composites with viscoelastic interphase

Time dependent effects of interfacial layers and matrices on the mechanical properties of laminated composites with various fiber-matrix volume fractions are investigated. Both elastic and viscoelastic constitutive relations are considered for the matrix
Geographic Patterns and Stand Variables Influencing Growth and Vigor of Populus tremuloides in the Sierra Nevada (USA)

Awareness of geographic patterns and stand variables that influence tree growth will help forest managers plan appropriate management and monitoring strategies. We quantified influences of stand location, species composition, stand density, and tree size on aspen tree growth and vigor around the Lake Tahoe Basin in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California and Nevada, USA. Radial growth data were taken from increment cores. Aspen trees on the south and west sides of the lake grew 20–25% faster than aspen in north and east side stands. Diameter growth at 2,400 m elevation was 58% of growth at 1,900 m near lake level. Aspen grew faster with less competition from neighbor trees. At any level of competition, aspen growth was slower beside conifer neighbors and correlated with crown ratio (CR: length of live crown relative to total tree height, a proxy for tree vigor). Analysis of independent CR data for 707 aspen trees in nine additional stands indicated that aspen had smaller crowns in the presence of greater competition, and that composition of neighbor trees also affected CR: aspen trees had shorter crowns in the presence of conifer at higher stand densities. Taken collectively, our analyses point towards a cascading decline in aspen growth and vigor incited by succession of aspen stands to conifers. Our findings suggest that conifer removal and stand density control in aspen-conifer stands at Lake Tahoe will enhance aspen growth and vigor.
Sunscreens and Hair Photoprotection

Photoprotection as it pertains to hair is not a common topic addressed by the dermatologist. Hair is nonliving and requires no protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation because carcinogenesis of the hair shaft itself is not possible. If hair proteins are altered by sun exposure, damaged hair can be removed and replaced by new growth. Thus, at first glance, the whole issue of photoprotection for the hair might seem irrelevant; however, patients frequently consult the dermatologist for advice on hair growth and appearance problems. Hair photoprotection is an important part of maintaining the cosmetic value of the hair shaft. This article focuses on the chemical effects of UV radiation on the hair shaft, hair photoaging, intrinsic hair UV photoprotective mechanisms, and the use of hair sunscreens. The whole science of hair and photoprotection is currently in its infancy and an area of focused research within the hair care product and salon industries.
Direct quantification of in vitro cell growth through image analysis.

Objective, accurate, non-intrusive measurement of in vitro cell growth was realized through microcomputerized video image analysis. Recently-released video and digitizing hardware and software were incorporated into an analytical system which accurately quantified visual differences between cultures on a cell number or fresh mass basis. Sequential measurements during culture incubation further detected and quantified subtle changes in colony area and density resulting from growth. Each measurement was acquired rapidly, without encroaching on the in vitro environment, so cell growth was undisturbed. Custom software routines coordinated the quantification of this detailed record into precise cumulative growth curves.
Influence of cholinergic agents on dopamine release from medial basal hypothalamus

The ability of acetylcholine to influence the stimulation-induced release of [3H]dopamine in medial basal hypothalamus was evaluated. A muscarinic facilitation of electrical field-stimulated but not potassium-stimulated release was observed. These data suggest a muscarinic enhancement of dopamine release perhaps via an action at the level of the cell body. These data suggest that observed effects of cholinergic agents on prolactin release may be mediated in part through such a cholinergic-dopaminergic interaction.
Maria José Tonelli: rigor and relevance in research

Purpose – This paper is a conversation with Maria Jose Tonelli, conducted by Santiago Ibarreche, about her career as an Iberoamerican scholar.Design/methodology/approach – Interview.Findings – The interview explores Tonelli's career, her achievements and continued search for excellence in her institution, the IAM, and her country Brazil, as well as the way she has coped with life's demands.Originality/value – The interview in this special section, A Life in Research, brings out an individual scholar's experience and history, not only as recognition of scholarly impact, but also as recognition of the person.
Agriculture and global warming

Abstract Global warming poses a distinct threat to agricultural systems worldwide and to attempts to place farming on more sustainable foundations. The magnitude and severity of that threat is systematically understated by the use of inappropriate models of risk and economic analysis that underestimate potential costs of global warming. The author proposes that the logic underlying Pascal's wager about the existence of God, a variant of minimax strategies in game theory, may be an instructive alternative.
Critical Thinking Skills Through Reflective Journal Writing Among Non – Science Majors: Basis for an Enhancement Guide

Physical Science involves study of non – living things. Since it is being offered among non–majors, teachers surmount challenges particularly appreciation for scientific inquiry. Likewise, De la Salle Lipa exposes students to transformative learning approach to attain its expected La Sallian Graduate Attributes and one of which is being a critical thinker. Thus, this study assessed the extent by which critical thinking skills were enhanced through reflective journal writing. Using the descriptive instructional method of research, this study used the Provus Evaluation Model in its approach to assessment of major variables concerned. Purposive sampling technique was used among 80 Second Year Bachelor of Science in Accountancy and Bachelor of Science in Legal Management who were enrolled during the second semester of School Year 2011 – 2012. Data and other information needed were gathered through questionnaires, informal interviews, observations, documentary analysis and the use of triangulation of data. Results revealed that indicators of critical thinking skills have been found to have been “enhanced to a great extent” However, in consideration of the Total Quality Assurance (TQA), it was found that gap existed between the mean assessment of the respondents and the intent of TQA. In consideration of the findings, an enhancement guide has been proposed to introduce and implement reflective journal writing among non – majors in college or universities’ quest to continuously improve instructional program and attain total quality assurance. Keywords - reflective journal writing, critical thinking skills, total quality assurance.
Neuro Excellence in the ICU Another Model for a Neuro-ICU

There is significant literature showing improved outcomes in patients who are cared for in a specialized neurocritical care unit. The authors propose a model where the key aspects of specialized neurocrticial care can be provided within the framework of an existing ICU in an efficient and effective manner as an alternative to a separate neurocritical care unit. The key aspects of programmatic success are described.
Derivation of closed-form Green's functions for a general microstrip geometry

The derivation of the closed-form spatial domain Green's functions for the vector and scalar potentials is presented for a microstrip geometry with a substrate and a superstrate, whose thicknesses can be arbitrary. The spatial domain Green's functions for printed circuits are typically expressed as Sommerfeld integrals, which are inverse Hankel transforms of the corresponding spectral domain Green's functions and are time-consuming to evaluate. Closed-form representations of these Green's functions in the spatial domains can only be obtained if the integrands are approximated by a linear combination of functions that are analytically integrable. This is accomplished here by approximating the spectral domain Green's functions in terms of complex exponentials by using the least square Prony's method. >
Articulated Body Model for Serial Chains

This chapter introduces articulated body models for the component links in a serial-chain system. This model is an alternative to the terminal and composite body models discussed earlier. While the composite body model is appropriate for the inverse dynamics problem, the articulated body model is better suited for the forward dynamics problem.
Dietary phosphate deprivation in women and men: effects on mineral and acid balances, parathyroid hormone and the metabolism of 25-OH-vitamin D.

We evaluated the effects of dietary PO4 restriction on 25-OH-Vitamin D3 metabolism, serum iPTH levels, and mineral balances in healthy women and men. PO4 balances were progressively negative because of fecal losses without sex difference. Turnover of the plasma 25-OH-D pool was increased from 5.8 ± 0.4 to 12 ± 1.2 nmol/day; P < 0.001, despite a fall in serum iPTH of −1.1 ± 0.3 μlEq/ml; P < 0.01. In both sexes, net intestinal calcium and magnesium absorption increased in proportion to a more rapid turnover of the plasma 25-OH-D pool, implying increased renal 1, 25-(OH)2-D3 production. By contrast, there was a striking sex difference in the response of serum PC4, to dietary PO4 deprivation; the levels falling progressively in women, but remaining at control levels in men. Women demonstrated progressive hypercalciuria and negative Ca balances while in men the increments in intestinal Ca absorption were approximately matched by the increments in urinary Ca excretion so that Ca balances were not different from...
Assessment of the economic benefits of new manufacturing technologies

A conceptual foundation for assessing the long-term strategic benefits of integrated design and manufacturing technologies is presented. A software system to assess investments in new technologies including robotic and computer-integrated manufacturing systems, is being developed. This system is being implemented using two different production technologies: the Intelligent Machinist Workstation and Rapid Tool Manufacturing. >
Constraint and target effects in the attribution of attitudes

Subjects viewed a person reading an essay on videotape and then attributed to him both an attitude related to the essay topic and attitudes toward issues peripherally related to this topic. The target person's causal role in the behavior and his physical appearance were manipulated. Although the influence of the target person's behavior was sharply reduced when he was under strong situational pressure to manifest the behavior, essay direction was still a significant determinant of attributions. The target person's appearance affected attributions primarily in the condition of highest constraint, in which he was given no role in the composition of the essay he read. Attributions of attitudes on topics related to the essay topic decreased in extremity as their implicational distance from the target attitude increased; however, the effect of essay direction was influential throughout the series of judgments, even when the target person was under high constraint. Individual differences in judges' perceptions of the convincingeness of the essay presentation and the target person's freedom were also related meaningfully to attributions of attitude. The results suggested that judges averaged the implications of the information available to them in arriving at their attributions, with the relative weights attached to information from different sources depending upon the situational constraints.
Soft decision metric generation for QAM with channel estimation error

The channel code bit log likelihood ratio (LLR) for soft decision decoding is derived for quadrature amplitude modulated signals (QAM). The effect of imperfect channel knowledge on soft decision decoding performance is studied. Our results indicate this effect increases with channel estimation error and/or QAM modulation level. A metric based on generalized log likelihood ratio (GLLR) is derived for soft decision channel decoding with imperfect channel knowledge. Numerical results show that the GLLR-based metric outperforms the conventional minimum distance decoding metric that does not take into account channel estimation error.
A Model-Based Method for Organizing Tasks in Product Development

This research is aimed at structuring complex design projects in order to develop better products more quickly. We use a matrix representation to capture both the sequence of and the technical relationships among the many design tasks to be performed. These relationships define the “technical structure” of a project, which is then analyzed in order to find alternative sequences and/or definitions of the tasks. Such improved design procedures offer opportunities to speed development progress by streamlining the inter-task coordination. After using this technique to model design processes in several organizations, we have developed a design management strategy which focuses attention on the essential information transfer requirements of a technical project.
Effects of Positive Iron Status at a Cellular Level

The human body is not equipped to eliminate excess iron. As a result, cells continously store excess absorbed iron in a complex with the protein ferritin. This poses no great threat under normal conditions. However, under certain disease conditions, oxidative processes cause iron to be mobilized and released as Fe(II). This iron is capable of initiating lipid peroxidation, which can lead to loss of membrane structure and function.
Effect of backward ASE noise on the gain distribution in a cascade of SOA switches

Backward ASE results in a relatively uniform gain distribution along the cascade link of SOA switch gates, especially at lower powers. The overall performance is however limited due to more noise and saturation effect.
PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MAJOR BASIC PROTEIN FROM GUINEA PIG EOSINOPHIL GRANULES

Guinea pig eosinophil granules are characterized by the presence of a basic protein of low molecular weight which accounts for greater than 50% of granule protein. This protein, termed the major basic protein (MBP), readily aggregates and becomes insoluble, and the formation of aggregates is dependent on the establishment of disulfide bonds. Analysis of concentrated preparations of MBP often revealed a series of bands which were multiples of a monomeric unit with a mol wt of approximately 11,000. Analysis of reduced and alkylated MBP on a 10% agarose column equilibrated with 6 M guanidinium chloride revealed a single polypeptide chain with a mol wt of 10,800. Amino acid analysis of the protein revealed the presence of 13% arginine, consistent with the basic character of the molecule. Four residues of tryptophan, were present, indicating that MBP is not a histone. The MBP did not increase vascular permeability when injected into the skin of guinea pigs, nor did it antagonize the effect of histamine and bradykinin in the skin. MBP also did not contract the isolated guinea pig ileum and when mixed with histamine or bradykinin did not inhibit their activity on the gut. MBP had only weak, if any, antihistaminic activity. MBP possessed weak bactericidal activity when compared to histone and then only with one strain of E. coli. MBP precipitated DNA, neutralized heparin, and activated papain. On a molar basis MBP was more active than cysteine in activating papain. These results do not point to any unique biological activity associated with MBP other than those expected of a protein as basic as it is and one which possesses reactive sulfhydryl groups. Possible functions of eosinophils based on the properties of the MBP are discussed.
Intraoperative hypothermia during cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer and perioperative morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intraoperative hypothermia as a predictor for morbidity after open abdominal surgery for ovarian cancer. METHODS: This cohort study included 146 women with stage IIIC and IV ovarian cancer who underwent debulking surgery at our institution from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2003. Hypothermia was defined as end operative temperature lower than 36°C. Early complications (occurring within 30 days of surgery) included: mortality, infectious morbidities, cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolic (VTE) events, anastomotic leak, readmission, and reoperation. Survival was also evaluated. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for known confounders. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.9±11.7 years; 46 (32%) patients had a body mass index higher than 30; mean operative time was 239±85 minutes. There were five deaths perioperatively, all in the hypothermic group. Hypothermia was associated with an increased risk of any early complications (34 [42.0%] compared with 11 [16.9%]) with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–8.33). For individual complications, hypothermic patients were at higher risk for VTE events with an adjusted OR of 3.53 (95% CI 1.02–16.44); infectious morbidity with an adjusted OR of 2.99 (95% CI 0.97–11.35); and reoperation with an adjusted OR of 4.96 (95% CI 0.80–95.7). The overall survival was shorter in hypothermic group with a median of 34 compared with 45 months (P=.045); this remained significant for an optimally resected subgroup with a median overall survival of 40 compared with 48 months (P=.049). CONCLUSION: Surgical hypothermia is an independent predictor of early perioperative complications and overall survival after cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. This is a critically important finding, because maintaining normothermia is an inexpensive modifiable factor, which could result in reduced morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
refabricating ARCHITECTURE: How Manufacturing Methodologies Are Poised to Transform Building Construction

(2005). Refabricating Architecture: How Manufacturing Methodologies are Poised to Transform Building Construction. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 51-52.
Using an RBF Neural Network to Locate Program Bugs

We propose an RBF (radial basis function) neural network-based fault localization method to help programmers locate bugs in a more effective way. An RBF neural network with a three-layer feed-forward structure is employed to learn the relationship between the statement coverage of a test case and its corresponding execution result. The trained network is then given as input a set of virtual test cases, each covering only a single statement. The output of the network for each test case is considered to be the suspiciousness of the corresponding statement; a statement with a higher suspiciousness has a higher likelihood of containing a bug. The set of statements ranked in descending order by their suspiciousness are then examined by programmers one by one until a bug is located. Three case studies on different programs (space, grep and make) were conducted with each faulty version having exactly one bug. An additional program gcc was also used to demonstrate the concept of extending the proposed method to programs with multiple bugs. Our experimental data suggest that an RBF neural network-based fault localization method is more effective in locating a program bug (by examining less code before the first faulty statement containing the bug is identified) than another popular method, Tarantula, which also uses the coverage and execution results to compute the suspiciousness of each statement.
Field recording, sound art and objecthood

The commercially available field recordings of Francisco Lopez and Toshiya Tsunoda are difficult to classify. These field recordings are not site specific in the conventional sense because they are not tied to a particular architectural or listening space. Nor can field recordings be categorised as just another subgenre of experimental electronic music. Whereas in musique concrete and acousmatic music, sounds are organised according to musical or thematic parameters, Lopez’s and Tsunoda’s field recording sounds are subjected to minimal editing and processing, and are organised according to the innate traits of the sounds themselves. It would be insufficient, however, to offer the usual conciliatory conclusion that Lopez’s and Tsunoda’s recordings straddle the sound art/music divide by possessing qualities of both. This article argues that these field recordings can best be understood in relation to the visual arts concept of objecthood, Michael Fried’s term for deciphering minimalist sculpture of the late 1960s. Objecthood explains how these field recordings use appropriated sounds that are nonetheless treated as non-referential, autonomous materials. This strategy posits its own type of site specificity that purports to be acultural and ahistorical, yet is nevertheless steeped in culture and history.
Boundary issues in teacher-student relationships

Increasing concern about therapist-patient sex has led to a consideration of boundaries in all trust-based relationships, which always include elements of power and dependency. Such relationships include those between teacher and student, especially those involving research or clinical supervision. Teacher-student relationships differ from those between therapist and patient because of the collegiality considered important for the student's development. Yet, both share the objective of fostering independence of the "client." Therefore, teachers need to find a balance of nurturance and separateness in their relationships with their students, so that the students can carry that modeling into their own careers.
Newborn Screening for Fragile X Syndrome: Do We Care What Parents Think?

The Scottish philosopher David Hume famously observed that moral arguments cannot move directly from describing what “is” to concluding what “ought” to be done. That is, we must include assumptions or arguments between our observations of fact and our conclusions about how we should respond. In this issue of Pediatrics , Skinner et al1 describe the response of new parents to offers of newborn screening (NBS) for fragile X syndrome (FXS). They found that a majority of new parents (63%) consented to the screening of their child for this condition. An important aspect of this research is that it entailed actual choices about screening, not hypothetical scenarios, and their broader research agenda included a careful assessment of how parents and the children were affected by this information. So, although the project has provided valid information on parental choices in this screening opportunity, a larger question is whether we should care what parents think. As Skinner et al note, FXS has been under consideration for a number of years as a potential addition to the panel of conditions targeted by state NBS programs. FXS was not included on the uniform panel recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) in 2005.2 At that time, the condition did not meet criteria for the test, and there was uncertainty about the benefits to children from early identification. However, the ACMG noted the potential benefits … Address correspondence to Jeffrey R. Botkin, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 50 N Medical Dr, Room 1C375, Salt Lake City, UT 84132. E-mail: jeffrey.botkin{at}hsc.utah.edu
Fundamental limits of detection in the far infrared

Abstract We study the fundamental limits of detection for astrophysical observations in the far infrared. Understanding these fundamental limits is critical to the planning and analysis of experiments in this region. We specifically characterize the difficulties associated with observing in the 0.1–10 THz (30–3000 μm) regime including extraterrestrial, atmospheric, and optical emission. We present signal, noise, and integration time models for selected terrestrial, aircraft, balloon, and space missions. While ground based telescopes offer the great advantage of aperture size, and hence angular resolution, they suffer from the relatively low transmission and high radiance of the atmosphere, particularly for wavelengths less than 500 μm. Space telescopes are the inverse; they are limited by a small aperture, while an aircraft-borne telescope is constrained by both. Balloon-borne telescopes provide an option over much of the band. A quantitative understanding of this is critical in comparing the sensitivity of various experiments and in planning the next generation of missions. As representative sources we use the luminous far-IR dusty galaxies NGC 958 and Mrk 231, but the same formalism can be applied to any source. In this paper we focus on continuum emission while a future paper will focus on line emission.