cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Capsule Function Following Anterior Dislocation Elucidate the Need for Standardized Clinical Exams to Diagnose Shoulder Instability

The anteroinferior glenohumeral capsule (anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL), axillary pouch) limits anterior translation, particularly in positions of external rotation, and as a result is frequently injured during anterior dislocation. [1,2] A common capsular injury is permanent tissue deformation, however, the extent and effects of this injury are difficult to evaluate as the deformation cannot be seen using diagnostic imaging. In addition, clinical exams to diagnose this injury are not reliable [3] and poor patient outcome still exists following repair procedures. [4] Previous experimental models have observed increased joint mobility following permanent tissue deformation. [5] While other models have quantified the permanent deformation using nonrecoverable strain [6], no model has correlated the amount of tissue damage to altered capsule function. Understanding the relationship between the extent of tissue damage and changes in capsule function following anterior dislocation could aid surgeons in diagnosing and treating anterior instability. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to 1) quantify the nonrecoverable strain in the anteroinferior capsule resulting from an anterior dislocation and 2) evaluate capsule function (strain distribution in anteroinferior capsule, anterior translation) during a simulated clinical exam at three joint positions, in the intact and injured joint.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A model for reimplantation and transplantation of a complex organ: the rat hind limb.

Abstract A model for this study of reimplantation and transplantation of a complex organ has been developed utilizing the rat hind limb. The limb is amputated at the pelvis except for mid-femoral division of the bone. Reimplantation includes repairs of the femoral artery and vein; femoral and sciatic nerves, bone, and tendons. The immediate success rate is 77%. Histology and electron microscopy at 10 days and at 4 months post-reimplantation are summarized in Table 1. The model is inexpensive and enables the acute and chronic evaluation of a complex organ following preservation, autografting, and allografts.
Variations of fern spore ultrastructure as reflections of their evolution

Abstract The spores of five species each of Bolbitis, Teclaria, Polybotria, Elaphoglossum, Ctenitis, Arthropteris, Lomariopsis, Davallia, Nephrolepis, Leucostegia, Oleandro and Humata, all genera of tropical ferns, were studied by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscope. Spore features were then compared and used to determine natural relationships. An exospore wall and a perispore wall were observed in spores of every species, including some that had previously been described as lacking a perispore. The exospore is stratified into two layers in the area of the aperture. The perispore may be unilayered, bilayered or multilayered. In some cases the perispore exhibits a columella‐like structure that resembles the exine of angiosperm pollen. This study indicates that spore characteristics can be used to show relationships among species and genera of ferns.
Stability of a buoyancy-driven coastal current at the shelf break

Buoyancy-driven surface currents were generated in the laboratory by releasing buoyant fluid from a source adjacent to a vertical boundary in a rotating container. Different bottom topographies that simulate both a continental slope and a continental ridge were introduced in the container. The topography modified the flow in comparison with the flat bottom case where the current grew in width and depth until it became unstable once to non-axisymmetric disturbances. However, when topography was introduced a second instability of the buoyancy-driven current was observed. The most important parameter describing the flow is the ratio of continental shelf width W to the width L * of the current at the onset of the instability. The values of L * for the first instability, and L * - W for the second instability were not influenced by the topography and were 2-6 times the Rossby radius. Thus, the parameter describing the flow can be expressed as the ratio of the width of the continental shelf to the Rossby radius. When this ratio is larger than 2-6 the second instability was observed on the current front. A continental ridge allowed the disturbance to grow to larger amplitude with formation of eddies and fronts, while a gentle continental slope reduced the growth rate and amplitude of the most unstable mode, when compared to the continental ridge topography. When present, eddies did not separate from the main current, and remained near the shelf break. On the other hand, for the largest values of the Rossby radius the first instability was suppressed and the flow was observed to remain stable. A small but significant variation was found in the wavelength of the first instability, which was smaller for a current over topography than over a flat bottom.
Transfusion‐induced changes in the breathing pattern of healthy preterm anemic infants

In order to evaluate the effects of transfusion on breathing pattern in growing, otherwise healthy, anemic preterm infants, we studied 14 infants whose mean +/- SD birthweight was 1,212 +/- 294 grams, gestational age 29.28 +/- 2.23 weeks and hematocrit 25.86 +/- 2.24%. At a mean postnatal age of 41.35 +/- 19.45 days 12 hour nocturnal (transthoracic impedance) pneumocardiograms were obtained 24 hours prior to and after transfusion with 10 mL/kg of packed red blood cells. Posttransfusion pneumocardiograms revealed significant reduction of periodic breathing, of apnea episodes with 11-15 second duration, of apnea density, and of heart rate. These findings indicate that transfusion with packed red blood cells significantly alters certain cardiorespiratory variables in anemic preterm infants.
Union rents and market structure revisited

Several recent studies give conflicting evidence on whether market power associated with industry concentration is an important source of union rents. Using a 1977 sample of 327 four-digit manufacturing industries, we re-examine the issue with a regression analysis that allows for differential union effects on price-cost margins across three levels of concentration. Large and small firm as well as industry average price-cost margins are analyzed. The results reaffirm those of Hirsch and Connolly (1987), who conclude that the effect of unions on profits is independent of market structure, and thus market power is not an important source of union rents. We find that unionization: (1) reduces industry profits in all three concentration groups with statistically insignificant differential effects, and (2) has a greater negative effect on the profits of large firms than it does on the profits of small firms, regardless of the concentration category.
Vertical Heat Fluxes Generated by Mesoscale Atmospheric Flow Induced by Thermal Inhomogeneities in the PBL

Abstract An analytical evaluation of the vertical heat fluxes associated with the mesoscale flow generated by thermal inhomogeneities in the PBL in the absence of a synoptic wind is presented. Results show that the mesoscale fluxes are of the same order as the diabatic heat fluxes. In the sea-breeze case results show that in the lower layer of the atmosphere the heat flux is positive over the land and negative over the sea with an overall positive horizontal average. In the free atmosphere above the PBL the mesoscale vertical heat flux is negative over the land and over the sea; that is, the lower atmosphere becomes warmer while the free atmosphere above becomes cooler. As a result the mesoscale flow contributes to the weakening of the atmospheric stability within a region that extends a Rossby radius distance from the coastline, and up to an altitude larger than twice the depth of the convective PBL. The average momentum flux equals zero because the momentum removed over the sea is fed back into the atmo...
Pre-menstrual steroids.

A number of steroid hormones and their metabolites fluctuate in the circulation across the human menstrual cycle. In addition to their classic actions on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, many of these hormones act as 'neuroactive steroids' to alter the function of neurotransmitters, such as GABA, within central nervous system circuits. Clinically, these steroids are important because they have not only acute but also long-term effects, and 'withdrawal' properties. This review discusses the effects of steroids such as 3α-OH-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP or allopregnanolone) which alter GABA function in distinct ways dependent upon the time course of exposure, to either enhance or decrease inhibition in the brain. These effects are discussed in light of recent clinical findings which seek to further character-ize the steroid milieu which underlies pre-menstrual dysphoria.
Using anion-exchange membranes to measure soil nitrate availability and net nitrification

Abstract There are few methods that provide adequate integrative measures of soil N availability to plants. We evaluated a new ion-exchange membrane (IEM) technique for measuring soil NO3 availability and nitrification by burying commercially-available anion-exchange membranes (IEMs) in a silt-loam Luvisol (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudalf) and in the same soil amended with either wheat straw, legume leaves or both materials. Soil was incubated in the laboratory for periods ranging from 1 to 27 days before removing the IEMs and determining membrane-bound NO3 and soil inorganic N concentrations. The soil amendments led to large differences in soil N dynamics and rates of net N mineralization and nitrification among treatments. In all soil treatments, rates of NO3N uptake by IEMs were rapid initially, but slowed after 7 days. On all dates, significantly less NO3N was recovered from IEMs in the amended soils than from those in the control soil, probably because of greater microbial immobilization of NO3 due to the added organic substrates. The IEMs did not act as infinite sinks for NO3, since under strongly N-immobilizing conditions in the wheat straw-amended soil membrane-bound NO3N declined between 3–14 days. Across all soil treatments and sampling dates, membrane-bound NO3N was significantly correlated with soil NO3N concentrations and net soil nitrification (r2 = 0.53 and 0.86, respectively), even when net nitrification was negative. Correlations improved when data from the initial membrane equilibration period (days 1 and 3) were excluded (r2 = 0.85 and 0.96, respectively). The presence of IEMs significantly reduced soil NO3N concentrations in 3 of the 4 soil treatments, and in all of the soil treatments, net soil nitrification and N mineralization were significantly greater in the presence of the IEMs. Results from our correlative study suggest that the IEM technique can be a useful tool for assessing soil nutrient availability and mineralization processes. However, more work is needed to develop this technique before reliable interpretations can be made under a wide variety of field and laboratory conditions.
Using Microblogging Tools for Library Services

ABSTRACT Microblogs are ubiquitous participant Web technologies that enable users to share information, interact with content, and generate resources. Librarians can use these applications for library services, instructional activities, and event promotion. For librarians and patrons, these technologies can be combined with other social media to develop personal learning networks (PLNs) for teaching, learning, and research. As PLN tools, microblogs can provide librarians with many opportunities to build cohorts of professional support and gain access to materials not readily accessible in traditional formats. This article provides an overview of issues to consider when using microblogs as library tools.
Signal detectability theory applied to conceptual discrimination

Signal Detectability Theory (SDT) was applied to the discrimination of the source (magazine) of two-word and four-word samples of English text. Operating characteristics obtained from ratings of individual four-word samples were well fit by an SDT theoretical curve, but two-word data were poorly fitted. Indices of signal detectability derived from rating responses, two alternative forced choice responses, and four alternative forced choice responses were found to be equivalent, thus supporting a key implication of SDT.
Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles Preferentially Induce Cell Death in Transformed Cells in a Bak/Bax-Independent Fashion

While the cytotoxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been under intense investigation, the molecular mechanisms of this cytotoxicity remain unknown. Here we investigated the influence of oncogenic transformation and a major apoptotic signaling pathway on cellular responses to TiO2 nanoparticles. Isogenic wild-type (WT) and apoptosis-resistant (Bak−/−Bax−/−) cell lines with and without tumorigenic transformation were examined. TiO2 nanoparticles preferentially reduced viability of tumorigenic cells in a dose-dependent fashion compared with their untransformed counterparts. Importantly, the elevated cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles was independent of a major Bak/Bax-dependent apoptosis pathway. Because transformation does not affect cellular fluid-phase endocytosis or nanoparticle uptake, it is likely that the increased cytotoxicity in tumor cells is due to the interaction between TiO2 nanoparticles and the lysosomal compartment. Overall, our data indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity preferentially in transformed cells independent of a major apoptotic signaling pathway.
Sampling challenges in end-of-life research: Case-finding for family informants

Background: Research on end-of-life care is hampered by challenges in accessing appropriate subjects for data collection. Although families of decedents are rich sources of research data, they are underutilized, most likely due to the access difficulties they present to investigators. Objectives: To describe case-finding strategies that can achieve a large and representative sample of family informants for research studies about end-of-life care. Methods: Case-finding strategies were developed and honed over the course of three epidemiological studies on end-of-life care. Family location information was culled from death certificates and a combination of public and commercial sources. Results: The researchers generated large random samples of study-eligible decedents and, using the case-finding strategies described, recruited family members of decedents as informants. By the third study, two-thirds of family members were located and interviewed within the narrow time frame of 2-5 months following the death of their loved one. Discussion: Epidemiological studies on end-of-life, using large random samples of decedents and their family members, are feasible when armed with an array of effective case finding strategies.
Inhalational, Gastrointestinal, and Cutaneous Anthrax in Children: A Systematic Review of Cases: 1900 to 2005

Objective To systematically review all published case reports of children with anthrax to evaluate the predictors of disease progression and mortality. Data Sources Fourteen selected journal indexes (1900-1966), MEDLINE (1966-2005), and the bibliographies of all retrieved articles. Study Selection Case reports (any language) of anthrax in persons younger than 18 years published between January 1, 1900, and December 31, 2005. Main Exposures Cases with symptoms and culture or Gram stain or autopsy evidence of anthrax infection. Main Outcome Measures Disease progression, treatment responses, and mortality. Results Of 2499 potentially relevant articles, 73 case reports of pediatric anthrax (5 inhalational cases, 22 gastrointestinal cases, 37 cutaneous cases, 6 cases of primary meningoencephalitis, and 3 atypical cases) met the inclusion criteria. Only 10% of the patients were younger than 2 years, and 24% were girls. Of the few children with inhalational anthrax, none had nonheadache neurologic symptoms, a key finding that distinguishes adult inhalational anthrax from more common illnesses, such as influenza. Overall, observed mortality was 60% (3 of 5) for inhalational anthrax, 65% (13 of 20) for gastrointestinal anthrax, 14% (5 of 37) for cutaneous anthrax, and 100% (6 of 6) for primary meningoencephalitis. Nineteen of the 30 children (63%) who received penicillin-based antibiotics survived, and 9 of the 11 children (82%) who received anthrax antiserum survived. Conclusions The clinical presentation of children with anthrax is varied. The mortality rate is high in children with inhalational anthrax, gastrointestinal anthrax, and anthrax meningoencephalitis. Rapid diagnosis and effective treatment of anthrax in children requires recognition of the broad spectrum of clinical presentations of pediatric anthrax.
E(nos)/CG4699 required for nanos function in the female germ line of Drosophila.

Reduction of Nanos activity causes germ line stem cell failure in the Drosophila ovary. Only a few cysts with Vasa-positive (green) differentiating germ line cells remain. The adducin-like molecule Hts, which marks membranes, is red and DNA is blue. See the article by Yu et al. in this issue.
Expression of interleukin-1α and β in early passage fibroblasts from aging individuals

Abstract Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) from newborn foreskin constitutively express interleukin-1 (IL-1) mRNA and protein after completing at least 70% (≈40 population doublings) of their in vitro life span. This IL-1 in turn induces the synthesis of specific proteins in aging HDFs. To determine whether IL-1 expression may be promoted by in vivo aging, we analyzed the expression of IL-1 and of inducible mRNAs in HDFs from two normal individuals 55 and 92 years old and in HDFs from a patient with premature aging caused by Werner's syndrome. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we detected expression of IL-1α and β mRNA and protein in early passage HDFs from both normal individuals and the Werner's syndrome patient. These HDFs also expressed the IL-1-inducible mRNAs for stromelysin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2, manganous superoxide dismutase, and collagenase. These results suggest that an age-dependent expression of IL-1 occurs either in vivo or after a few cell divisions in vitro. Therefore, the fibroblast phenotype is modified by the expression of IL-1-inducible genes during aging.
984 THE INFLUENCE OF PROLONGED PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES (PPROM) ON THE FETUS

A conservative approach to non-delivery of women with prolonged premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 36 wks. was associated with congenital postural deformities and hypoplastic lungs but not with neonatal asphyxia or sepsis. PPROM> 24 hrs. occurred in 89 infants (15.8/1000 deliveries 1975-1977). Positional foot deformity (PFD), congenital dislocation of hips (CDH) and hypoplastic lungs (HL) were present only with PPROM at 28 wks. gestation or less. The incidence of PFD and CDH in this group was significantly higher than in all newborns (5.5% and 1.1% vs. 0.4% and 0.5% respectively). 3/89(3.3%) of the infants were stillborn; 8/89 (9.0%) died; 8/11 perinatal deaths were <1000 gm. There was no difference in the incidence of neonatal asphyxia in PPROM infants matched for gestational age and birth weights with non-PPROM controls. The one PPROM infant with infection survived Group B streptococcal septicemia.
Sensitization of Photoconduction in a Zinc Oxide Film by Eosin

The electrical conductivity in a zinc oxide thin film is increased by light absorption in an adjacent layer of eosin (Na). Activation spectra show that response is excited by irradiation in the eosin monomer and dimer absorption bands and in the long wavelength tail induced by the zinc oxide substrate. The photoresponse in bilayers varies with the one-half power of the illuminance, builds up and decays by first-order processes, and is proportional to the zinc oxide dark current. The temperature dependence approximately follows the zinc oxide dark conductivity. Measurements with voltaic couples show that charge transfer takes place across the interface. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Overseas military cemeteries as american sacred space: mine eyes have seen la gloire

ABSTRACTThe American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) maintains twenty-three cemeteries worldwide for American soldiers and war workers killed in the Great War and World War II. This article examines ABMC cemeteries as American sacred space, foregrounding their fusion of Christian and American symbol and text and the barely submerged theologies and mythologies to which they point. ABMC cemeteries have given families of fallen soldiers places to mourn and remember. They have also served as spaces for the United States to tell all comers of the righteousness of the American soldier and the saving power of dying while fighting for the United States. Compelling as these memorial landscapes are, the sacred narratives they construct are often in subtle but real tension with the histories they contain and conceal.
The electronic emission spectrum of aluminum carbide

Abstract The gas phase spectrum of the aluminum carbide radical has been observed at low temperature in emission from a corona excited supersonic expansion source. The original rotational assignment of the B4Σ−–X4Σ− system is confirmed. Numerous bands of the previously unknown A4Π–X4Σ− system with v′ = 0–3 and v″ = 1–13 have been observed allowing for characterization of a significant part of the ground state potential energy surface.
The Effects on Facilitators of a Substance Abuse Education Program.

This retrospective–anecdotal study was conducted to determine if involvement in a learner-centered continuing education program in substance abuse prevention would influence the careers and work-related activities of thefacilitators. A questionnaire was sent to 33 individuals who served as facilitators of a large substance abuse prevention education project. Of the 31 who responded, 21 (67.7%) indicated that serving as a facilitator resulted in either “major changes” or “some changes” to their careers, and 25 (80.6%) felt that they were “much more likely” or “more likely” to incorporate substance abuse prevention activities into their work. Teaching in substance abuse education programs may cause changes in the career paths and work-related activities of the facilitators. Investigators may need to incorporate evaluations of the effects of a particular program on the intended learners as well as the facilitators.
Polymeric composite materials incorporating an elastomeric interphase: A mathematical assessment

Abstract A mathematical model based upon the method of cells is extended in order to describe three-phase composite materials containing an interphase. A parametric study is performed wherein the effective properties of the composites are determined as a function of interphase material properties, interphase thickness and fiber volume fraction. The simulation is designed in particular towards describing the behavior of model composites which incorporate elastomeric polymers as an interphase to bond carbon fibers chemically to a polymeric matrix. Two hypothetical interphases are considered: one whose properties are representative of elastomers (Young's modulus less than fiber and matrix) and one whose properties are intermediate with respect to the fiber and matrix. The two cases provide a broad assessment of how the interphase properties influence the effective composite properties.
Honoring the Personal Response

AbstractMany groups of adult museum visitors welcome the invitation to make personal connections to works of art. Time for individual reflection and sharing with others may enable relationships to deepen and new insights to emerge. This article describes an approach to gallery teaching that honors the memories, associations, and emotions that visitors bring to their encounters with works of art. The approach has been particularly effective with groups of health care professionals, and as a reminder to docents of the powerful affective experiences that will naturally occur for some members of the public. In an addendum, the author reports on a recent conference that brought together museum educators and medical educators to discuss emerging collaborations.
Pertussis: An historical review of the research and of the development of whole-cell and acellular vaccines

Pertussis (whooping cough), an acute respiratory infection that can affect any susceptible host, is most common and serious among young children. Guillaume de Baillou (1536–1616), a Paris graduate of 1570, provided the first description of an epidemic of pertussis in 1578. By the close of the 19th century, approximately 20 microorganisms had been described as the cause of pertussis. In 1906, Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou first identified a small coccoid bacillus that was found in the sputum of active pertussis cases. Their success resulted from the discovery that previous failures in identifying the source of pertussis were due to confusion with the Pfeiffer influenza bacillus. In 1914, pertussis vaccine products of six USA manufactures were licensed, and the pertussis vaccine was listed by the American Medical Association (it was deleted in 1931 and readmitted in 1944). In 1931, Leslie and Gardner showed the differences between the antigenic properties of the smooth (phase I) and the rough (phase II) types of organisms. A second area of research involved determining the site of the lesion. This article reviews these matters, as well as the history of the development of whole-cell and acellular vaccines for pertussis, and offers a note on the prospects for the future.
Exception management on a shop floor using online simulation

A framework for a supervisory controller to manage hard and soft exceptions on a shop floor is discussed. Various tasks involved in managing exceptions, the times at which these tasks are to be performed, and their impact on the performance of a supervisory controller are studied. Online simulation methodology is utilized to detect, classify, and handle exceptions. A synchronization procedure, an essential step to perform online control using a discrete-event simulation language, is developed. Its main purpose is to resolve discrepancies between the behavior of entities and resources in the simulation model and shop floor. The framework is restricted to manufacturing cells; however, it can easily be extended to manage exceptions in logistics and distribution systems. A simulation model of a flexible manufacturing cell is used to illustrate exception detection and synchronization concepts.
A kinetic and product study of the Cl + HO2 reaction

Absolute rate data and product branching ratios for the reactions Cl + HO2 to HCl + O2 (k1a) and Cl + HO2 to OH + ClO (k1b) have been measured from 226 to 336 K at a total pressure of 1 Torr of helium using the discharge flow resonance fluorescence technique coupled with infrared diode laser spectroscopy. For kinetic measurements, pseudo-first-order conditions were used with both reagents in excess in separate experiments. HO2 was produced by two methods: through the termolecular reaction of H atoms with O2 and also by the reaction of F atoms with H2O2. Cl atoms were produced by a microwave discharge of Cl2 in He. HO2 radicals were converted to OH radicals prior to detection by resonance fluorescence at 308 nm. Cl atoms were detected directly at 138 nm also by resonance fluorescence. Measurement of the consumption of HO2 in excess Cl yielded k1a and measurement of the consumption of Cl in excess HO2 yielded the total rate coefficient, k1. Values of k1a and k1 derived from kinetic experiments expressed in Arrhenius form are (1.6 +/- 0.2) x 10-11 exp[(249 +/- 34)/T] and (2.8 +/- 0.1) x 10-11 exp[(123 +/- 15)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. As the expression for k1 is only weakly temperature dependent, we report a temperature-independent value of k1 = (4.5 +/- 0.4) x 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Additionally, an Arrhenius expression for k1b can also be derived: k1b = (7.7 +/- 0.8) x 10-11 exp[-(708 +/- 29)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. These expressions for k1a and k1b are valid for 226 K T 336 and 256 K T 296 K, respectively. The cited errors are at the level of a single standard deviation. For the product measurements, an excess of Cl was added to known concentrations of HO2 and the reaction was allowed to reach completion. HCl product concentrations were determined by IR absorption yielding the ratio k1a/k1 over the temperature range 236 K T 296 K. OH product concentrations were determined by resonance fluorescence giving rise to the ratio k1b/k1 over the temperature range 226 K T 336 K. Both of these ratios were subsequently converted to absolute numbers. Values of k1a and k1b from the product experiments expressed in Arrhenius form are (1.5 +/- 0.1) x 10-11 exp[(222 +/- 17)/T] and (10.6 +/- 1.5) x 10-11 exp[-(733 +/- 41)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. These expressions for k1a and k1b are valid for 256 K T 296 and 226 K T 336 K, respectively. A combination of the kinetic and product data results in the following Arrhenius expressions for k1a and k1b of (1.4 +/- 0.3) x 10-11 exp[(269 +/- 58)/T] and (12.7 +/- 4.1) x 10-11 exp[-(801 +/- 94)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. Numerical simulations were used to check for interferences from secondary chemistry in both the kinetic and product experiments and also to quantify the losses incurred during the conversion process HO2 to OH for detection purposes.
Impact-Parameter Expansion of High-Energy Elastic-Scattering Amplitudes

An impact-parameter expansion of high-energy scattering amplitudes is formulated, and the unitarity condition at large but finite energies is discussed. Applications are then made to high-energy $\ensuremath{\pi}p$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ elastic scattering with particular reference to the Van Hove model. This model is shown to give a good description of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ scattering at 17.0 BeV/c scattering momentum; the addition of a short-range real part gives a qualitative description of $\mathrm{pp}$ scattering at momenta between 12 and 20 BeV/c.
Sixty polymorphic microsatellite markers for the oldfield mouse developed in Peromyscus polionotus and Peromyscus maniculatus

We isolated and characterized 60 novel microsatellite markers from the closely related oldfield mouse ( Peromyscus polionotus ) and deer mouse ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) for studies of conservation, ecological, quantitative and population genetics. We assessed all 60 markers in a wild population of Peromyscus polionotus rhoadsi ( N = 20) from central Florida and found an average of nine alleles per marker and an observed heterozygosity ( H O ) of 0.66 (range = 0.00–1.00). These polymorphic markers contribute to the growing number of genomic resources for Peromyscus , an emerging model system for ecological and evolutionary research.
14-3-3ζ interacts with human thromboxane receptors and is involved in the agonist-induced activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase

Abstract Thromboxane receptor (TP) signaling results in a broad range of cellular responses including kinase activation and subsequent nuclear signaling events involved in cell transformation, proliferation, and cell survival. Proteins that may participate in the early signaling following receptor activation remain to be identified. We found that 14-3-3ζ is a novel protein interacting with TP intracellular loop 3 (i3) by yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was further confirmed by GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation methods. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicated that Pro-236 of the TP-i3 was involved in the binding to the 14-3-3ζ. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in the same cell lysate by TP antibody showed that TP binds not only with the 14-3-3ζ but also with the Raf-1. Our data also demonstrated that TP receptor activation induced by agonist rapidly recruited 14-3-3ζ and Raf-1 to form a complex with the TP on the plasma membrane. The significance of assembling this protein complex was examined by TP agonist-induced extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in intact cells. TP agonist, I-BOP, induced ERK phosphorylation in HEK 293 cells expressing wild type TPα but significantly lower in those expressing TPα-P236V mutant. Attenuation of the expression of 14-3-3ζ by 14-3-3ζ siRNA decreased I-BOP-induced ERK phosphorylation indicating the involvement of the 14-3-3ζ in the signal transduction process. These results suggest that 14-3-3ζ may serve as a scaffold protein to form a protein complex consisting of TP, 14-3-3ζ, and Raf-1, and that this protein complex may be involved in the activation of ERK pathway following TP receptor activation.
A Comparison of Ambulatory Perioperative Times in Hospitals and Freestanding Centers

Abstract Background The volume of surgical procedures performed in ambulatory surgical centers has increased rapidly. Methods Ambulatory surgical visits of Medicare beneficiaries were compared for hospital-based and freestanding ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs). The main outcomes were time in surgery, time in operating room, time in postoperative care, and total perioperative time. Results The mean total perioperative time for all procedures examined was 39% shorter in freestanding ASCs then in hospital-based ASCs (83 vs 135 min; P P P P Conclusions Perioperative times were significantly shorter in freestanding ASCs than in hospital-based ASCs. It is unclear how much of the difference was the result of efficiency versus patient selection.
A protective gene for graft-versus-host disease.

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is an effective but toxic therapy for a number of life-threatening diseases, especially hematologic cancers. The principal complication of allogeneic stem-ce...
Comparison of automated platelet counts and potential effect on transfusion decisions in cancer patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of platelet counts from various hematology analyzers using a reference immunologic method. Methods: We tested 403 samples with platelet counts less than 50 × 10 9 /L with the Advia (Siemens, Tarrytown, NY),
Studying sudden infant death syndrome in a developing country.

The biblical quotation above is evidence that children have been dying in their sleep since antiquity although this phenomenon has been described by several names. Even up to the 1950s physicians commonly thought that infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly had either smothered in their own bedding or that an adult had "overlaid" them. I never heard of crib death during my training in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It was not mentioned in pediatric textbooks and no organized research was taking place. That might still be the case today were it not for the indignation of several American parents who lost infants. They would not accept the veil of ignorance surrounding crib death nor more importantly the absence of any effort to accumulate knowledge about the condition. (excerpt)
Academic Progress of Community College Nursing Aspirants: An Institutional Research Profile

The community college is a major site preparing students for nursing careers, an important role at a time of a national shortage. However, many of the low socioeconomic status (SES), minority students who aspire to associates degrees in nursing display low levels of academic preparedness. An analysis of 3-year institutional data from a single community college showed that a cohort of nursing aspirants were similar to students in other majors, but developmental-education outcomes differed for successful and unsuccessful students. To address serious difficulties in retention and academic performance found for the group as a whole, a nursing-specific tutoring, advisement, and counseling intervention is recommended.
Synthesis of α,α′-dipotassio- m -xylene and its use as a dianionic initiator

α,α′-Dipotassio-m-xylene was prepared by di-metalation of m-xylene with a butyllithium/potassium t-butoxide mixed base system. Its functionality was determined by combining the dianion with chlorotrimethylsilane which resulted in the di-substituted carbosilane. GC and 1H NMR analysis confirmed that the di-substituted carbosilane was synthesized in>90% yield. The effectiveness of this dianion as an initiator for living anionic polymerization was demonstrated by the polymerization of isoprene and the synthesis of the triblock copolymer of dimethylacrylamide-isoprene-dimethylacrylamide.
Agonist and Antagonist Recognition by RIG-I, a Cytoplasmic Innate Immunity Receptor

Cytoplasmic RNA receptors are important in the detection of and response to viral infections. We analyzed ligand recognition by the retinoic acid-inducible protein I (RIG-I) protein in biochemical assays and in transiently transfected cells and characterized the requirements for both single- and double-stranded RNA agonists for RIG-I activation of signaling. RIG-I mutants such as K270A and T409A/S411A that were defective in signaling with triphosphorylated single-stranded RNAs were perfectly capable of signaling with dsRNAs. Furthermore, phosphorothioated oligodeoxynucleotides were found to antagonize RIG-I signaling. Both agonists and antagonist bind purified RIG-I protein and a truncated RIG-I protein that lacked the signaling domain. The agonists were necessary to activate RIG-I ATPase activity in vitro, whereas antagonist inhibited ATPase activity. Differential scanning fluorometry showed that RIG-I bound to agonists, and antagonists have different denaturation properties, suggesting a difference in protein conformations. Last, single particle reconstruction was used to generate three-dimensional models of the RIG-I dimers in complex with an agonist and an antagonist. The two complexes exhibited dramatically different structures.
Late Paleozoic noncoaxial deformationin the Green Pond outlier, New Jersey Highlands

An analysis of mesostructures in an outlier of Silurian and Devonian rocks which were folded and downfaulted within middle Proterozoic rocks of the New Jersey Highlands reveals a noncoaxial two-stage kinematic and dynamic history of deformation. Mesostructures include disjunctive slaty and spaced cleavages of two orientations and generations, slickenfiber faults, and en echelon vein arrays. Most slickenfiber faults and the predominant cleavage record northwest-southeast-directed shortening approximately normal to fold hinges. The en echelon vein arrays record a transition from northwest-southeast- to northsouth-directed shortening. East-west- to east-northeast-west-south-west- trending cleavage records a near north-south-directed shortening, and a few slickenfiber faults preserve both northwest-southeast and north-northwest-south- south-east slip directions. Crosscutting relations indicate that the direction of maximum shortening and compression rotated clock-wise from northwest- southeast (stage 1) to near north-south (stage 2). The orientations of mesostructures and their timings of development correlate with the two stages of Alleghanian deformation reported northwest of the New Jersey Highlands. The use of slickenfiber faults and en echelon vein arrays for dynamic analysis supports the notion that the two stages of noncoaxial deformation recorded by Alleghanian structures reflect a clockwise shift in the regional or tectonic stress field that operated on the New York structural recess (concave toward craton) during the late Paleozoic. Geometric relations between the mesostructures and macroscopic folds suggest that deformation of the outlier was controlled by northwest-southeast compressive block faulting in the basement during stage 1 and by reactivated left-lateral, oblique basement faulting and north- south compression during stage 2.
From technology imitation to market dominance: the case of iPod

Purpose – This study aims to examine validity of the first mover advantage theory (FMA) in the context of digital audio player (DAP) market. It explores two research questions: do first‐movers improve their resources and capabilities and thus establish industry leadership? Do firms' initial resources affect the timing of entry?Design/methodology/approach – To overcome the methodological problems of earlier research, the study employs historical analysis of archival sources, capturing the longitudinal nature of the market evolution and competitive dynamics within the industry.Findings – The results show that pioneering entry is significantly inferior to later entry strategy. While the pioneers failed, Apple Computer, a follower, gained dominance. Firm's resources influence timing of entry. The pioneers are small firms while large firms prefer to enter later.Research limitations/implications – This study analyzed the evolution of a single radical innovation from its inception through growth stage and result...
A Hemorrhagic-Crusted Papule With a Central Crater on the Heel

A young woman presented with an asymptomatic papule on her right heel that shenoticed2weekspriorwhile traveling inUganda. It initially had a black center that disappeared as the lesion grew. She was able to express purulent material, but the papule failed to resolve.Thepatientdeniedsystemicsymptomsandwasotherwisewell. Physical examination revealed a circular hemorrhagic-crusted papulewith a central crater (Figure, A). The surrounding skin had a slight yellowish discoloration. A shave biopsy was performed with complete excision of the lesion (Figure, B and C). What is your diagnosis?
Quantitative Technique for Investigating Macromolecular Adsorption and Interactions at the Liquid−Liquid Interface

We present a total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) technique for quantitative molecular-level investigations of macromolecular adsorption and interactions at liquid−liquid inter...
A pilot study of lorazepam-induced amnesia with cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy☆

Eighteen patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer were given 36 courses of cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Patients were given lorazepam (Ativan) prior to chemotherapy. Amnesia for the day of chemotherapy was reported in 29 courses. Lack of recall for the chemotherapy infusion and the subsequent 8 hr or greater was reported in 33 of the 36 courses. In two courses, no amnesia effects were noted. No serious side effects of lorazepam therapy occurred and all patients believed that the amnesic effect was beneficial during chemotherapy. Lorazepam (Ativan) appears to be a safe medication to induce amnesia for cis-platinum chemotherapy and deserves further study to determine its effect on anticipatory vomiting, nausea and vomiting, and patient compliance with continued chemotherapy.
Conditions associated with the appearance of guanine nucleotide-dependent adenylate cyclase activity in turkey erythrocyte membranes.

Abstract The mechanisms involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase in turkey erythrocyte membranes may include the release of inhibitory nucleotides from the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N) and the subsequent formation of an active GTP-N complex. We have studied the conditions required tor the appearance of guanine nucleotide-dependent adenylate cylase activity in turkey eryhrocyte membranes in an effort to understand further the mechanisms involved in its activation. Turkey erythrocye membranes, whose adenylate cylase enzyme is usually poorly responsive to the direct actions of GTP or its analogue. Gpp(NH)p. became markedly responsive after previous exposure to isoproterenol in a sucrose-containing buffer. Without sucrose, isoproterenol alone did not lead to Gpp(NH)p responsiveness. Maximum expression of Gpp(NH)p-dependent adenyate cylase activity required prior incubation with both GMP and isoproterenol. The requirement tor sucrose when isoproterenol was used without GMP was lost when GMP was present. With or without GMP. isoproterenol induced a half-maximum effect after 5 min at 37°. The development and maintenance of Gpp(NH)p-dependent adenyate cylase activity were mediated, in part. by beta-adrenergic receptors. Following a 10-min incubation period with isoproterenol and GMP. the addition of the beta-adrenergic inhibitor, propranolol. for 4 additional min completely reversed the stimulation produced by isoproterenol and GMP. In addition, high-affinity agonist binding to beta-receptors was necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of Gpp(NH)p responsiveness.
Long-term depression at the medial perforant path-granule cell synapse in developing rat dentate gyrus

Abstract Long-term depression (LTD) is a decrease in synaptic efficacy that may model the elimination of inappropriate synapses during brain development. LTD might therefore be expected to be prominent in the juvenile hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), where the majority of neuronogenesis and excitatory synapse production and pruning occur in the first postnatal month. Thus far, however, LTD in immature DG remains unexplored. Low-frequency stimulus induced homosynaptic LTD was studied at the medial perforant path-granule cell synapse in rats 8–30 days of age. LTD was most consistent and was of greatest magnitude in the youngest animals, and was more robust in response to stimulation at 1 Hz than at 3 or 5 Hz. LTD was saturable by repetitive delivery of low-frequency stimulation, and reversible by tetanic stimulation that induced long-term potentiation (LTP). LTD of the field EPSP was not prevented by bath application of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5, the mGluR antagonist MCPG, or the L-type voltage sensitive calcium channel antagonist nitrendipine. In whole cell recordings LTD induction was blocked by hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron but not by calcium chelation with BAPTA. Calcium chelation blocked LTP and simultaneously unmasked tetanus induced LTD. These data demonstrate that LTD is prominent in immature DG, that LTP and LTD are complementary processes, and that LTD is likely to be induced postsynaptically because it is voltage dependent, although the mechanism of voltage dependence remains to be elucidated.
Interactions of copper with oxidized TaSiN

Abstract Tantalum rich TaSiN exposed to the ambient results in a homogenous surface composition of a silicon rich Ta x Si y O z mixture. The interaction of sputter deposited copper with oxidized TaSiN (O/TaSiN) is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Copper is found to wet (grow conformally on) O/TaSiN at 300 K. For copper coverages of less 0.4 ML (based on the Cu to O atomic ratio), copper is present as Cu(I). At higher coverages, Cu(0) is observed. A change in slope of the copper coverage curve is coincident with the change in copper oxidation state. The data indicate that copper is initially deposited in a conformal ionic layer followed by Cu(0) formation in subsequent depositions. The data also show that although the O/TaSiN surface contains significant amounts of silicon and oxygen, the ability of copper to wet O/TaSiN is superior to that of SiO 2 . Post-deposition annealing experiments performed indicate that although diffusion does not occur for temperatures less than 900 K, copper “de-wetting” occurs for temperatures above 500 K.
Worker Adjustment to Import Competition: The United States Experience

Over the last decade there has been increased worldwide interest in “adjustment assistance” programmes that facilitate the rehabilitation of workers disadvantaged as a result of increased import competition. In particular, interest has been generated as a corollary of the multilateral movement towards freer international trade and the desire on the part of developed countries to offer preferential trading treatment to products from developing countries. Such international organisations as UNCTAD, GATT, ILO, and OECD have studied the adjustment problem and have recommended the adoption of national trade‐adjustment programmes[l].