cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fractional-order Boubaker wavelets method for solving fractional Riccati differential equations

Abstract We give an effective method for solving fractional Riccati differential equations. We first define the fractional-order Boubaker wavelets (FOBW). Using the hypergeometric functions, we determine the exact values for the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator of the FOBW. The properties of FOBW, the exact formula, and the collocation method are used to transform the problem of solving fractional Riccati differential equations to the solution of a set of algebraic equations. These equations are solved via Newton's iterative method. The error estimation for the present method is also determined. The performance of the developed numerical schemes is assessed through several examples. This method yields very accurate results. The given numerical examples support this claim.
Social determinants of health impacting adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations.

Introduction This study evaluates the association of multidimensional social determinants of health (SDoH) with non-adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations. Research design and methods This was a post-hoc subgroup analysis of adults with diabetes in a prospective cohort study of enrollees in the Washington, DC Medicaid program. At study enrollment, participants were given a comprehensive SDoH survey based on the WHO SDoH model. Adherence to recommended dilated diabetic retinopathy examinations, as determined by qualifying Current Procedural Terminology codes in the insurance claims, was defined as having at least one eye examination in the 2-year period following study enrollment. Results Of the 8943 participants enrolled in the prospective study, 1492 (64% female, 91% non-Hispanic Black) were included in this post-hoc subgroup analysis. 47.7% (n=712) were adherent to the recommended biennial diabetic eye examinations. Not having a regular provider (eg, a primary care physician) and having poor housing conditions (eg, overcrowded, inadequate heating) were associated with decreased odds of adherence to diabetic eye examinations (0.45 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.64) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.94), respectively) in the multivariate logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, overall health status using the Chronic Disability Payment System, diabetes severity using the Diabetes Complications Severity Index, history of eye disease, and history of diabetic eye disease treatment. Conclusions A multidimensional evaluation of SDoH revealed barriers that impact adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations. Having poor housing conditions and not having a regular provider were associated with poor adherence. A brief SDoH assessment could be incorporated into routine clinical care to identify social risks and connect patients with the necessary resources to improve adherence to diabetic retinopathy examinations.
Psych ER: Psychiatric Patients Come to the Emergency Room

I. Straightforward Stories 1. Depression: The World Pushing Down 2. Panic: The World Coming Apart 3. Borderline Personality: A Brittle World, A Labile Mood 4. Multiple Personality: Taking on the World with More Than One Identity 5. Alcohol: Chemically Altering One's World by Mouth 6. Drugs: Chemically Altering One'sWorld by Nose and Vein 7. Bipolar Depression: The World Too Low Down 8. Bipolar Mania: The World Too High Up 9. Schizophrenia: Being Unable to Share the World with Others 10: Alzheimer's Dementia: The World Dissolves as the Glue of Memory Cracks II. Complex Stories 11. Panic Disorder Fed by Emotional Dependence 12. Histrionics Mistaken for Schizophrenia III. Veiled and Bizarre Stories 13. Malingerers and Manipulators 14. The "Dump" 15. The "Stumble" 16. Murder and Mayhem, Maybe IV. Stories with a Medical Component 17. Why Is This Schizophrenic Patient Hearing Voices? 18. How a Stomachache Turned a Head 19. A Serious Overdose, But of What? 20. A Closed Head Injury Leads to Paranoid Psychosis 21. A Patient Who Risked Death Trying to Drown His Hiccups 22. Delirium Missed as the Reason for Psychotic Symptoms V. How Patient's Stories Lead to a Psychiatric Diagnosis 23. The Narrative in Psychiatric Diagnosis: It's the Story, Stupid! 24. Alexithymia: When There Is No Story To Tell 25. Renegotiating the "Contract for Safety" 26. Jean-Paul Sartre in the ER
The legal frontier in the United States space program.

Domestic and international law compared in connection with space program, considering legal aspects of using satellites in discovering and exploiting earth resources
[WC] central stars of planetary nebula and the born-again phenomenon

[WC] central stars of planetary nebulae are members of the larger class of hydrogen-deficient central stars. The whole class constitutes about20% of all spectroscopically-known central stars. Observational connections between [WC] central stars and the born-again phenomenon show that at least a fraction of the [WC] stars can be createdthrough this scenario. However, it is unlikely that the class as a wholeevolved through this channel.In this paper the arguments against a born-again origin for the whole class of [WC] central stars of planetary nebula are outlined. It is suggested that the roleof the H-deficient weak emission lines stars might be crucial in explaining the origin of [WC]stars. It is also demonstrated how difficult it isto pin down the exact stellar parameters of these objects (which help toposition them on the HR diagram). This is due to the largely unknown distancesand to the fact that small changesin the model assumptions can have large repercussions on the derived parameters.This difficultyhampers our efforts to determine the true evolutionary position of individual [WC] central stars, as well as their relationship to one another, andtherefore pin down their origin.
Adaptively Mapping Code in an Intelligent Memory Architecture

This paper presents an algorithm to authomatically map code to a generic Processor-In-Memory (PIM) system that consists of a host processor and a much simpler memory processor. To achieve high performance with this type of architecture, code needs to be partitioned and scheduled such that each section is assigned to the processor on which it runs most efficiently. In addition, processors should overlap their execution as much as possible. Our algorithm is embeded in a compiler and run-time system and maps applications fully automatically using both static and dynamic information. Using a set of applications and a simulated architecture, we show average speedups of 1.7 over a single host with plain memory. The speedups are very close and often higher than ideal speedups on a more expensive multiprocessor system composed of two identical host processors. Our work shows that heterogeneity can be cost-effectively exploited, and represents one step toward effectively mapping code to more advanced PIM systems.
Collimated Outflows in Planetary Nebulae

The kinematics of the gas motions in several e-m E planetary nebulae (PNs) have been mapped with ~ 1 — 2″ resolution. All of the eE PNs (e.g., NGC 2392, 3242, 6543, 6826, 7009, and 7662) show evidence of highly focused linear flows at projected velocities of 20 – 170 km s-1. The flows generally appear as linear, almost jet-like features in emission lines of low ionization. mE PNs show expanding protuberances along their polar axes.
Molecular Sieve Studies of Interacting Protein Systems III. MEASUREMENT OF SOLUTE PARTITIONING BY DIRECT ULTRAVIOLET SCANNING OF GEL COLUMNS

Direct optical scanning of gel columns provides a useful new approach to analytical molecular sieve chromatography. Configurations of solute zones can be observed in detail during column experiments, and molecular parameters of a solute system can thus be analyzed at many intervals during a single experiment of short duration. A scanning system has been built in which the column is driven through a horizontally collimated beam of monochromatic light and absorbance values are recorded as a function of distance along the column. Accurate measurements can be made at wave lengths as low as 220 mµ. Three new procedures for quantitative characterization of single component systems of macromolecules by direct scanning of gel columns are presented. Partition coefficients are obtained from either moving zones or saturated column experiments. In moving zone experiments peak positions of a small zone or centroid positions of large zone boundaries are measured along with corresponding values of volume flow. In the static experiment, solute partitioning at any level within a saturated column is directly related to the optical density measured at that level. The three independent methods are shown to yield equivalent results. Preliminary results indicate that the technique of scanning gel chromatography is well suited for studies of interacting systems of macromolecules.
Economic Development Assistance for Communities Affected by Employment Changes Due to Military Base Closures

This report discusses the geographic impact of base closures and realignments, provides an analysis of federal economic assistance programs for those affected by such closures, and analyzes possible policy issues for Congress.
Approach to the Analysis of Toxicant Interactions in the Aquatic Environment

Most methods currently used to evaluate the joint action (the effects of toxicants applied in combination) of two toxicants rely on toxicity estimates of the individual components and one mixture. For both theoretical andpractical reasons, such approaches are unsatisfactory oversimplifications that are insensitive when applied to experimental data. Although isoboles can be used to illustrate interactive patterns for several mixtures, direct statistical analyses of isoboles are awkward because the variances are not restricted to a single axis. An alternative approach is proposed based on a comparison of the assumption of simple similar action with two models of interactive joint action.
Ulcerative Colitis: Surgical Management

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a diffuse inflammatory disease of the mucosal lining of the colon and rectum that manifests clinically as diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, and rectal bleeding. Since removal of the affected organ is curative, surgery has assumed a pivotal position in the management of these patients. Although removal of the entire colon and rectum with a permanent ileostomy had been the standard operation for decades, increased experience with anal sphincter preservation has demonstrated the feasibility of performing surgical procedures which spare sphincter function while still removing all disease. This chapter considers the surgical alternatives, decision making, and techniques surrounding these procedures.
Tobramycin and cephalothin for treatment of suspected sepsis in neutropenic children with cancer.

The safety and efficacy of tobramycin and cephalothin in treatment of suspected sepsis were studied in neutropenic children with various malignancies. Twenty episodes of suspected sepsis in 19 febrile children with cancer were treated with parenteral tobramycin and cephalothin; the duration of therapy ranged from one to 80 days. In 14 of the 20 episodes of suspected sepsis, a favorable clinical response was achieved within five days after initiation of antibiotic therapy. These episodes included a urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis and sepsis due to Escherichia coli. In four of the additional six episodes, clinical deterioration was thought to be caused by the underlying malignancies. Two episodes included a case of E. coli sepsis that ended fatally and a nosocomial infection with Eikenella corrodens. Results of this study suggest that combination therapy with tobramycin and cephalothin is safe and efficacious in treatment of suspected sepsis in febrile children with malignancies and neutropenia. With recent advances in the treatment of cancer in children, neoplasms that were previously uniformly fatal have become potentially curable. Because the aggressive antineoplastic therapy required to achieve long-term survival is often associated with immunologic suppression, these children are susceptible to overwhelming infection. These infections are usually caused by gramnegative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1]. Despite continued improvements in antimicrobial therapy, the mortality rate from infection in children with cancer remains high. The major predisposing factor to infection in these children is neutropenia, defined here as < 1,000 polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)/mm3" of blood. Neutropenia may result from the underlying malignancy or may be related to
The Responsiveness of Direct and Indirect Elections

Previous research argues the Seventeenth Amendment made Senate elections more responsive. To make this claim, existing work compares the vote-seat relationships of direct and indirect elections before and after the Seventeenth Amendment. I argue this approach is problematic because it does not account for regional variation and compares elections from different time periods using presidential instead of Senate vote. I overcome these problems by simulating indirect elections using state legislatures’ partisan compositions to evaluate the responsiveness of direct and indirect elections after the Seventeenth Amendment. With this counterfactual approach, my findings suggest direct elections are not necessary for electoral responsiveness.
Organolanthanide-Based Coordination and Insertion Reactivity of the Anion Formed by Deprotonation of ε-Caprolactam

Methods to incorporate the strong ligation capacity of e-caprolactam into monoanionic ligands suitable for electropositive metals such as yttrium are described. e-Caprolactam, is deprotonated by (C...
Correspondence: Apodization and Windowing Functions

In beamforming, a critical design issue is the choice of the window or apodization function. Because the transverse beam pattern at focal depth is related to the Fourier transform of the apodization function, designers must evaluate the properties of the function and its transform, jointly, to optimize the system. This paper illustrates systematic approaches to designing useful functions.
Addresses to American Scholars

Slater discusses the history of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and its oratory.Â His sources for the article come from The Rutgers Phi Beta Kappa Collection which was started in 1900 by Librarian George A. Osborn, with the assistance of the Rev. Oscar M. Voorhees of New Brunswick, historian of Phi Beta Kappa.
Synthesis and characterization of acrylated phosphonates and their polymers having 1,3‐dioxolane and 1,3‐dioxane moieties derived from brominated cyclic acetals of polyols through the Arbuzov reaction. II

Glycerol, D-mannitol, and D-sorbitol were converted into their mono- and di-O-1,3-dioxolane and 1,3-dioxane bromoethylidene derivatives through a transacetalation reaction with bormoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal under controlled conditions. These brominated dioxolane or dioxane derivatives were subsequently phosphonylated through the Arbuzov reaction. The phosphonylated cyclic acetals were used as precursors for the synthesis of acrylated phosphonate monomers. All these compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic (IR, 1H-,13C-, 31P-NMR and mass) methods. A mixture of 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane derivatives was obtained with D-sorbitol, whereas the reaction products with glycerol and D-mannitol yielded primarily the 1,3-dioxolane derivatives. The acrylated phosphonates of glycerol and mannitol have been polymerized and studied on the basis of gel permeation chromatography and their spectral and thermal properties. The acrylated phosphonates, monomers, and polymers, were shown to have a large capacity to solvate and dissolve heavy metal salts. This results in a dramatic increase (> 100°C) of the glass transition temperature of these polymers.
Epimerization and deuterium exchange studies in selected cis,trans‐1‐alkyl‐2‐aryl(alkyl)‐3‐aroylaziridines

A series of base catalyzed reactions performed on selected cis, trans-1-alkyl-2-aryl(alkyl)-3-aroylaziridines at room temperature reveal the cis isomer to be of greater thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, base catalyzed deuterium exchange studies suggest this to be the case. Solvent effects on the isomeric cis/trans ratios are also presented and discussed.
Fenamates protect neurons against ischemic and excitotoxic injury in chick embryo retina

Three fenamates (flufenamate, meclofenamate and mefenamate) were examined for their protective effect on neurons under ischemic (glucose/oxygen deprivation) or excitotoxic conditions, using the isolated retina of chick embryo as a model. Retinal damage was evaluated by histology and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Whole-cell recording was used to examine the direct effect of the fenamates on glutamate receptor-mediated currents. The fenamates protected the retina against the ischemic or excitotoxic insult. Part of the neuroprotection by the fenamates derived from inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated currents. However, kainate receptor-mediated currents were not blocked by the fenamates, which nonetheless reduced kainate receptor-mediated retinal damage. Our results raise the possibility that fenamates may serve as lead structures in the development of novel therapeutic agents against brain ischemia.
Collagen Injection Therapy for Female Intrinsic Sphincteric Deficiency

ABSTRACTPurpose: Since glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen was approved for use, studies have reported success or improved rates of 63 to 86%. Long-term efficacy with strictly defined outcome criteria has not been reported. We report our experience with collagen injection therapy for female patients with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency to establish efficacy, duration of response and clinical predictors of success.Materials and Methods: A total of 96 women underwent collagen injection via a periurethral approach with local anesthesia. In all patients history, physical examination and video urodynamics documented intrinsic sphincteric deficiency without urethral hypermobility. Continence success was defined as dry or socially continent (minimal leakage requiring 1 or no pad daily even with strenuous activity). Median followup was 14.0 months.Results: Of 94 patients 67.0% achieved continence, 38.3% became dry and 28.7% became socially continent. Of 35 patients who achieved continence with at least 1 year f...
DockoMatic - Automated Ligand Creation and Docking

Background The application of computational modeling to rationally design drugs and characterize macro biomolecular receptors has proven increasingly useful due to the accessibility of computing clusters and clouds. AutoDock is a well-known and powerful software program used to model ligand to receptor binding interactions. In its current version, AutoDock requires significant amounts of user time to setup and run jobs, and collect results. This paper presents DockoMatic, a user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) application that eases and automates the creation and management of AutoDock jobs for high throughput screening of ligand to receptor interactions.
Determination of thigh muscle stiffness using magnetic resonance elastography.

Purpose To measure the elastic properties of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and sartorius (Sr) muscles using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Materials and Methods To obtain a normative database of the aforementioned muscles, oblique scan directions were prescribed passing through each muscle. Shear waves were induced into the muscles using pneumatic and mechanical drivers at 90 and 120 Hz, respectively. These drivers were attached to the distal end of the right thigh with the knee flexed at 30°. The foot was placed in a footplate containing MR-compatible load cells to record the force during a contraction (10% and 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction). Results The shear moduli measured at rest in the VL (N = 12), VM (N = 14), and Sr (N = 13) were 3.73 ± 0.85 kPa, 3.91 ± 1.15 kPa, and 7.53 ± 1.63 kPa, respectively. The stiffness of both vasti increased with the level of contraction, while the stiffness of the Sr remained the same. Conclusion The MRE technique was able to approximate the stiffness of different thigh muscles. Furthermore, the wave length was sensitive to the morphology (unipennate or longitudinal) and fiber composition (type I or II) in each muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bondholder gains from the annexation of Texas and implications of the US bailout

Abstract The fate of distressed Republic of Texas debt offers a rare example of bondholder gains associated with state annexation. While soaring in hopes of a US bailout, Texas debt prices remained well below par and never seemed to presume full repayment, however. The fluctuations of the Texas debt on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange over the 1845–1855 period between annexation and final settlement feature structural breaks typically connected with either actual legislation or rumors of pending action. Negative turning points follow when US legislative initiatives in 1845 and 1850 failed to yield a quick resolution of the Texas debt.
On the stabilizing control of a class of nonlinear stochastic systems

A class of discrete-time nonlinear stochastic control systems is considered. By using previously established proper mean-square stabilizability and observability conditions, the author shows the relationship between the stabilization conditions for the moving- and infinite-horizon quadratic optimal controllers. In this way, the existence of the mean-square stabilizing infinite-horizon controller implies the existence of a multitude of moving finite-horizon controllers with different horizon lengths with the same stability property. The results allow the use of finite-stage solutions of a Riccati-like matrix equation in a stabilizing control design which can drastically reduce the computation time. >
Synchronous and asynchronous modes of synaptic transmission utilize different calcium sources

Asynchronous transmission plays a prominent role at certain synapses but lacks the mechanistic insights of its synchronous counterpart. The current view posits that triggering of asynchronous release during repetitive stimulation involves expansion of the same calcium domains underlying synchronous transmission. In this study, live imaging and paired patch clamp recording at the zebrafish neuromuscular synapse reveal contributions by spatially distinct calcium sources. Synchronous release is tied to calcium entry into synaptic boutons via P/Q type calcium channels, whereas asynchronous release is boosted by a propagating intracellular calcium source initiated at off-synaptic locations in the axon and axonal branch points. This secondary calcium source fully accounts for the persistence following termination of the stimulus and sensitivity to slow calcium buffers reported for asynchronous release. The neuromuscular junction and CNS neurons share these features, raising the possibility that secondary calcium sources are common among synapses with prominent asynchronous release. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01206.001.
Synaptic Vesicles: Half Full or Half Empty?

The regulation of quantal size through pre- rather than postsynaptic mechanisms has recently received considerable attention as a potential mechanism for plasticity. Vesicular transporters catalyze the filling of synaptic vesicles with transmitter and are thus potential substrates for such presynaptic regulation. In this issue of Neuron , Prado et al. pursue this line of investigation and show that changes in transporter expression that alter quantal size can affect behavior.
Rib Development in Chick Embryos Analyzed by Means of Tantalum Foil Blocks

Rib development in chick embryos, with special emphasis on the origin of ribforming cells, has been analyzed by inserting tantalum foil blocks parallel to certain somites of the prospective rib-forming level. Intact edges of bent pieces of foil the width of 4–6 somites were inserted through the somatopleure at stage 14–16 either (1) immediately lateral to the nephrotome, (2) between proximal and distal portions of the lateral plate or (3) within the distal lateral plate. Edges of similar pieces of foil containing a triangular notch the width of 2 somites were likewise inserted through the somatopleure of stage 14–16 embryos (4) immediately lateral to the nephrotome or (5) between proximal and distal portions of the lateral plate. On the basis of the modified rib pattersn studied in toto after 11 days of incubation it was concluded that the (1) original somatic mesoderm does not participate in formation of vertebral rib components, (2) original somatic mesoderm plays some role in formation of sternal rib components (ribs 3–7) but probably does not contribute chondroblasts for this purpose, and (3) distalmost somatic mesoderm is not involved in rib formation. Consistent types of modified wings are described and also modifications of the body wall, breast and ventral feather tracts of the right side.
Treatment of patients with hepatitis C and normal serum aminotransferase levels

Approximately 30% of patients with chronic hepatitis C have normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and another 40% have ALT levels that are less than twice the upper limit of the normal range. Most patients with normal ALT levels have mild degrees of inflammation with mild or no fibrosis, and the rate of disease progression is reduced compared with that in patients with elevated ALT levels. Some patients with normal ALT levels have advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Treatment of patients with normal ALT levels with either interferon monotherapy or interferon/ribavirin combination therapy has shown sustained virological response (SVR) rates that are equivalent to those achieved for patients with elevated ALT levels. Thus, patients with chronic hepatitis C should not be excluded from therapy based on ALT levels alone. The decision to initiate therapy with interferon and ribavirin should be based on a combination of factors independent of ALT levels including amount of fibrosis on liver biopsy, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and viral level, patient age and motivation, and co-morbid illness, and the presence of other complicating conditions.
Temped Out? Industry Rhetoric, Labor Regulation and Economic Restructuring in the Temporary Staffing Business

The article develops a conceptualization of the role of the temporary staffing industry (TSI) in the wider economy, with particular reference to the 'home'of temping, the USA. It is suggested that the TSI should be understood as an active agent of labor-market deregulation and restructuring, contrary to the industry's selfrepresentation as a neutral intermediator in the job market and as a mere facilitator of more efficient and flexible employment systems. The article draws attention to the active steps that the industry has taken to establish (and defend) the legally ambiguous 'triangular' employment relationship upon which its very viability depends and, more generally, to make and grow its markets in segments as diverse as light assembly and construction work, health care, accountancy, teaching and a range of clerical occupations. The article argues also for a more finely grained analysis of the ways in which the temporary staffing business has itself transformed and restructured - as an inventive and ...
B cell lines from a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency undergo enhanced apoptosis associated with an increased display of CD95 (Apo-1/fas), diminished CD38 expression, and decreased IgG and IgA production

Investigation of common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is hampered by lack of a suitable in vitro models. We have developed EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines from a selected subset of CVI patients and characterized them for phenotypic and functional properties that provide evidence for their representation of the CVI disease state. B cell lines from the patients expressed increased levels of sIgM and reduced levels of sIgD and sIgG. Essentially none of the CVI-derived B cell lines produced IgG and IgA while all produced IgM, in contrast to normal B cell lines that produced large amounts of IgG and IgM and detectable levels of IgA. Expression of CD95 (fas/Apo-1), a molecule that can induce apoptosis, was increased on the CVI B cell lines while CD38, a novel signaling molecule whose stimulation may prevent apoptosis, showed reduced expression. The B cell lines from the CVI patients exhibit increased apoptosis in vitro spontaneously, in response to anti-CD95 mAb and to X-irradiation. These phenotypic and functional changes are similar to findings on freshly derived B cells from the patients. EBV-derived B cell lines from patients with hyper-IgM immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia did not demonstrate increased CD95 expression or enhanced apoptosis. Thus the EBV-derived B cell lines from our selected CVI patients manifest many characteristics of the patients' fresh cells and may provide critical reagents for the further elucidation of the nature of the B cell dysfunction in the selected subset of CVI patients.
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: the search for a better outcome.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a standardized treatment approach for sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). Study Design: Single-center, retrospective case series. Methods: Fifteen patients with newly diagnosed SNUC were seen in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Virginia from 1991 to 2000. Long-term follow-up on five additional patients diagnosed between 1986 and 1991 was also analyzed. Results: Overall, 10 patients were treated with curative intent with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by craniofacial resection (CFR). The majority of the remainder was treated with palliative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy alone. Four patients who underwent CFR are currently free of disease at 4, 36, 49, and 164 months postoperatively. The 2-year survival of all evaluable patients, regardless of treatment, was 47%. Two-year survival was 64% in the group treated by CFR and 25% in the group treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy (P = .076). Conclusion: For patients with good performance status and limited intracranial or intraorbital disease, we continue to advocate initial chemoradiotherapy followed by craniofacial resection. Patients who are deemed inoperable as a result of advanced disease may nevertheless experience significant palliation with chemoradiotherapy only.
Monolithically integrated near-infrared and mid-infrared detector array for spectral imaging

Abstract A multi-band focal plane array sensitive in near-infrared (near-IR) and mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) is been developed by monolithically integrating a near-infrared (1–1.5 μm) p–i–n photodiode with a mid-infrared (3–5 μm) QWIP. This multiband detector involves both intersubband and interband transitions in III–V semiconductor layer structures. Each detector stack absorbs photons within the specified wavelength band, while allowing the transmission of photons in other spectral bands, thus efficiently permitting multiband detection. Monolithically grown material characterization data and individual detector test results ensure the high quality of material suitable for near-infrared/QWIP dual-band focal plane array.
ERCP—Methods of tissue sampling

There are several methods for obtaining tissue samples from the pancreaticobiliary tract during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Confirmation of histology is often necessary to guide subsequent therapy. In this review, several techniques are described, including exfoliative cytology, brush cytology, endobiliary forceps biopsy, and endobiliary fine-needle aspiration. In addition, digital image analysis and molecular genetic analysis are discussed. This review of all the above tissue sampling and analysis techniques also provides practical advice, and high-lights more recent studies, which suggest that the diagnostic yield from tissue obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is increased with multimodal tissue sampling.
Influence of father and pregnancy on maternal care in red-backed voles

Presence of fathers and concurrent pregnancy have been shown to influence maternal behavior in rodents, but often are confounded in studies of species that mate during postpartum estrus. I examined parent-young interactions in red-backed voles ( Clethrionomys gap-peri ) to document patterns of parental care in this species and to determine whether the separate factors of presence of father and concurrent pregnancy influenced maternal behavior. Experiments were conducted in a seminatural environment with observations occurring every other day from day 1 to day 20 of life of the young. Although male and female red-backed voles always built and maintained separate nests, there was substantial variation among females in their response to fathers in the vicinity of the natal nest. Whereas some females permitted fathers in the nest soon after birth, others reacted aggressively and prevented fathers from interacting with young throughout most of the preweaning period. Such variation in behavior of females appeared responsible, at least in part, for variation among individual males in level of paternal care. Overall, females caring for young in the presence of fathers spent less time nursing and groomed their young less frequently than did females rearing young in the absence of fathers. Lower maternal care in the father present condition may reflect reduced maternal workload in the pairs in which males spent considerable time in the nest with young or disruption caused by presence of males in the pairs in which females aggressively excluded males from the natal nest. The maternal behavior of pregnant females did not differ from that of nonpregnant females.
Twins and lamellar structures in the Ti-Al system with managanese addition

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Mn on twin formation and lamellar structure formation in an off stoichiometric TiAl alloy
Permeability of Rubber to Air II—Effect of Stretch, Thickness, Milling, Compounding Ingredients, Kind of Crude Rubber, and Temperature of Vulcanization

Abstract The permeability of rubber membranes was found to be approximately inversely proportional to thickness. The recently developed “super” automobile inner tubes are therefore undoubtedly better air containers than the ordinary tubes of smaller gage. Most of the increase in permeability resulting from stretch can be accounted for by the decrease in thickness accompanying stretch. Pure-gum stocks made from various commonly used plantation rubbers did not vary much in permeability. A stock made from a wild rubber, caucho ball, had a somewhat lower permeability. Milling on a steam-heated mill was found not to change permeability appreciably. The early stages of milling on a cold mill reduced the permeability of a stock slightly. The temperature of vulcanization seemed to have no influence on permeability, provided the test slabs were cured to the same state. It may be concluded, therefore, that the recent trend towards higher temperatures of cure for inner tubes has not adversely affected their air-reta...
Evaluating uncertainty in the calculation of non‐exchangeable hydrogen fractions within organic materials

We calculated the fraction of exchangeable hydrogen atoms in proteinaceous materials commonly analyzed for stable isotopic composition related to the region-of-origin of an animal. These included several types of alpha- and beta-keratin, and muscle tissue. We find that the fraction of H atoms in keratin available for exchange at a biologically relevant temperature (25 degrees C) averaged 9% across a range of ground organic materials, but was as high as approximately 17% in cut hair; muscle tissue has approximately 12% exchangeable H atoms. Under most analysis conditions, the difference in exchangeable fractions due to physical sample processing has a minimal effect on the calculated delta2H values of the non-exchangeable H atoms within a keratin-containing tissue (<2 per thousand). However, extreme mismatches between sample and reference material types could affect delta2H values.
Enhanced parasympathetic tone shortens atrial refractoriness in man

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enhanced vagal tone on human right atrial refractoriness in 12 patients. A specially built neck collar connected to a vacuum source was placed around the patient's neck and enhanced vagal tone was produced during neck suction using intracollar negative pressures of 50 to 60 mm Hg. Refractory periods were determined with a catheter electrode positioned in the high right atrium near the sinus node. Induced neck suction increased the spontaneous sinus cycle length from 837 +/- 96 to 1.136 +/- 273 ms (p less than 0.001) and shortened the atrial effective refractory period from 241 +/- 24 to 230 +/- 20 ms (p less than 0.01) and the atrial functional refractory period from 272 +/- 32 to 262 +/- 29 ms (p less than 0.01). In 2 of 2 patients, collar-induced decreases in atrial refractoriness and increases in spontaneous cycle length were prevented after atropine (0.03 mg/kg) was given intravenously. It is concluded that enhanced vagal tone mediated through muscarinic receptors shortens atrial refractory periods in man.
X and UV radiation from accreting magnetic degenerate dwarfs.

We have carried out detailed numerical calculations of high-harmonic cyclotron emission from a hot plasma, and from these calculations we have developed at self-consistent, quantitative model of X-ray and UV emission from accreting magnetic degenerate dwards. We find that such stars are typically strong UV sources, and emit only at small fraction of their luminosity in soft and hard X-rays. The qualitative features of the X and UV spectra suffice to determine the mass, magnetic field strength, and luminosity of the source with relative confidence. Our results show that the soft and hard X-ray emission observed from AM Her, AN UMa, and 3A 0211--227 are typical of these objects.
Study of high-quality epitaxial YBCO thin films grown directly on Y-Cut LiNbO 3

Pulsed laser deposition was used to deposit high-quality YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) thin films directly on y-cut LiNbO3 substrates. The as-deposited YBCO films had a high degree of in-plane orientation and showed superconducting transition temperature (Tco) at 91K with a transition width of less than IK. Transport critical current densities were found to be ∼106 A/cm2 at 77K and zero field. An ion beam minimum channeling yield of 16% was obtained for YBCO films, indicating high crystallinity. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the interface between the film and the substrate was quite smooth and free from interfacial interdiffusion. The defects in thin films are also identified. The work showed that high-quality high Tc thin films can be deposited directly on LiNbO3. Novel devices based on the properties of both YBCO and LiNbO3 could be realized based on these results.
Evaluation of shoulder laxity.

An understanding of the anatomy and biomechanical features of the glenohumeral joint is necessary when understanding the concept of shoulder laxity. Glenohumeral laxity is a normal feature of shoulder motion, but only when that laxity becomes excessive does instability occur. The clinician must use the history and physical examination to distinguish normal from pathological laxity. Several examination techniques are commonly used to evaluate anterior, posterior, inferior, and multidirectional shoulder laxity. It has become appreciated that subluxation of the shoulder upon physical examination does not necessarily mean that the shoulder is clinically or symptomatically unstable. This paper reviews the current techniques to evaluate shoulder laxity and discusses the interpretation of these examinations as they relate to normal and pathological laxities.
Plasma-mediated leukemia cell destruction: concentration and purification of the antileukemia factor.

SummarySelective destruction of leu-kemic cells has been observed in AKR mice following infusion of normal serum, plasma, or whole blood. Heparinized plasma has significantly greater antileukemia activity than serum, and the active factor can be concentrated and purified by heparin precipitation or adsorption onto a calcium phosphate gel.
Two heads of the same drum? Musical narratives within a transatlantic religion

The Nigerian bata is a two-headed talking drum (spelled and pronounced bata in Cuba) and provides an apt metaphor and microcosm for the transatlantic conversations and symbiotic relationships between Nigerian and Cuban religious elites involved in the various sects of orisha religion. This article revises Gilroy's Black Atlantic (1993), challenging his term ‘black music’ and the notion that black Atlantic populations are fundamentally unified by shared memories of slavery. Furthermore, this discussion challenges the privileging of text in transatlantic musical studies and argues for the centralising of purely musical data across academic disciplines.
Verlet-I/R-RESPA/Impulse is Limited by Nonlinear Instabilities

This paper shows that in molecular dynamics (MD) when constant- energy (NVE) simulations of Newton's equations of motion are attempted using the multiple time stepping (MTS) integrator Verlet-I/r-RESPA/Impulse, there are nonlinear instabilities when the longest step size is a third or possibly a fourth of the period(s) of the fastest motion(s) in the system. This is demonstrated both through a thorough set of computer experiments and through the analysis of a nonlinear model problem. The numerical experiments include not only the unconstrained dynamics simulation of a droplet of flexible water and a flexible protein, but also the constrained dynamics simulation of a solvated protein, representing a range of simulation protocols commonly in use by biomolecular modelers. The observed and predicted instabilities match exactly. Previous work has identified and explained a linear instability for Verlet-I/r-RESPA/Impulse at around half the period of the fastest motion. Mandziuk and Schlick discovered nonlinear resonances in single time stepping MD integrators, but unstable nonlinear resonances for MTS integrators are reported here for the first time. This paper also offers an explanation on the instability of MTS constrained molecular dynamics simulations of explicitly solvated proteins. More aggressive multiple step sizes are possible with mild Langevin coupling or targeted Langevin coupling, and its combination with the mollified Impulse method permits step sizes 3 to 4 times larger thanVerlet-I/r-RESPA/Impulse while still retaining some accuracy.
Prevalence, correlates, and natural history of epiretinal membranes surrounding idiopathic macular holes

Abstract Objective To report on the prevalence, correlates, and natural history of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in eyes with stage II or III/IV macular holes. Design A subgroup analysis arising from a multicentered, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Setting Community and university-based ophthalmology clinics. Patients Two hundred twenty four eyes with stage II or III/IV macular holes. Interventions No intervention for 100 eyes randomly assigned to observation. Outcome measures Grade of ERM determined by stereoscopic examination of fundus photographs at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up. Results The prevalence of ERM was 65% (145 of 224 eyes), was greater in pseudophakic than in phakic eyes (80% vs. 63%, P = 0.10), and increased with increasing severity of the hole ( P P P > 0.5). In the 100 phakic eyes that were randomly assigned to observation, there was a significant increase in the severity of ERM over follow-up ( P Conclusions ERM are common in eyes with full-thickness idiopathic macular holes. Although ERM prevalence increases with severity and size of the macular hole, the presence of ERM are not closely correlated with visual acuity. These factors may be important in considering the removal of ERM during vitrectomy for macular hole.
RECRUITMENT VS. POSTRECRUITMENT PROCESSES AS DETERMINANTS OF BARNACLE POPULATION ABUNDANCE

Determining the relative contributions of recruitment vs. postrecruitment processes to adult populations is an unresolved issue. The “recruit–adult” hypothesis suggests that the density of recruits is a good predictor of adult density when low but not when high. That is, the relative importance of recruitment vs. postrecruitment factors varies inversely with increasing density of recruits. In a rocky intertidal habitat at two Oregon coastal sites, a field experiment was done using two barnacle species to test this hypothesis. The relative impacts of these factors on adult barnacle abundance was determined using a reciprocal transplant design to manipulate both the density of barnacles established by recruitment and the postrecruitment conditions (tidal height, wave exposure) in which they lived. The relative contribution of recruitment to adult densities was strongly context dependent and species specific. While density of recruits clearly influenced density of adults for both species in most combinations...
An unusual complication of umbilical catheterisation

We report the first case of perforated Meckel's diverticulum in a 1-day-old pre-term infant as a consequence of umbilical vein catheterisation. The clinical course consisted of abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum that occurred after 12 h of life. Perforated Meckel's diverticulum was found at laparotomy. Neither inflammatory phenomena nor ectopic mucosa were found at microscopical examination. Perforation of the diverticulum was a complication of umbilical catheter insertion through a narrow lumen in the umbilical cord mistaken for an umbilical vein and connected to Meckel's diverticulum through a very short fibrous band. A search of the literature did not reveal any similar cases.
Indicators of Dematerialization and the Materials Intensity of Use

Summary We review the major empirical analyses of the related concepts of dematerialization and intensity of use. Dematerialization refen to the absolute or relative reduction in the quantity of materials used and/or the quantity of waste generated in the production of a unit of economic output A common indicator is the intensity of material use, which is the quantity of material used per unit of economic output. Our discussion focuses on seven topics: the environmental Kuznets curve for materials, material use and long wave theory material decomposition analysis, statistical, inpuboutput and dynamic models of material use, and analyses of national material use. We examine the measurement of aggregate material use and waste emissions, hypothesis testing, the importance of imports, and forces that countervail dematerialization such as rising affluence and the “rebound effect.” We conclude that: our knowledge of the extent of and mechanisms behind the patterns of material use are limited largely to individual materials or very specific industries, and most of those examples are metals; the economy is getting “lighter” but the aggregate economic significance of that trend, if any, is unknown; there is no compelling macroeconomic evidence that the US. economy is “decoupled” from material inputs; and we know even less about the net environmental effects of many changes in materials use. We caution against gross generalizations about material use, particularly the “gut” feeling that technical change, substitution, and a shift t o the “information age” inexorably lead to decreased materials intensity and reduced environmental impact. We end with some suggestions for research that may help answer these important questions.