cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embryonic development and metabolic costs in Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis exposed to varying environmental salinities

The Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) is a euryhaline fish found in coastal marsh along the entire of Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic of coast of the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on embryogenesis in the Gulf killifish. Four recirculation systems at salinities of 0.4, 7, 15, and 30 g/L were maintained at a static temperature with flow-through trays, containing embryos (n = 39) placed in triplicate into each system. Throughout embryogenesis, the rate of development, ammonia and urea excretion, and heart rate were monitored. Percent hatch was recorded, and morphological parameters were measured for larvae at hatch. As salinity was increased, the rate of embryogenesis decreased. Salinity significantly affected percent hatch with an 80.0% ± 2.6% for 7 g/L and 39.1 ± 4.3, 45.4 ± 4.5, and 36.3% ± 12.0% for 0.4, 15, and 30 g/L, respectively. Salinity and stage of development significantly affected production of ammonia and urea. As salinity increased, the dominate metabolite end product changed from urea to ammonia. However, the 15 g/L salinity treatment had the two highest levels of urea recorded. Heart rate was unaffected by salinity but increased throughout embryogenesis and remained constant once embryos reached stages where hatching has been recorded. While mean total length was not affected by salinity, embryos incubated in 30 g/L produced larvae with significantly thicker body depth at hatch. The 0.4, 7, and 15 g/L salinity treatments all had similar mean hours to hatch. The 30 g/L treatment resulted in a significantly longer mean time to hatch and smaller body cavity area at hatch.
Fading of latent tracks in CR-39 due to environmental conditions

Abstract Evidence presented in the literature indicates that the sensitivity and stability of latent tracks in CR-39 is affected by the environmental conditions which the detector experiences both before and after the irradiation. Studies have been made to determine the magnitude of these effects in CR-39 with ion beams of 1 H, 16 O, 20 Ne, 40 Ar and 56 Fe. Post-irradiation annealing studies were performed in air and vacuum. As a result, the beneficial effect of anti-oxidant doping of CR-39 on the stability of the material and of latent tracks was confirmed.
Implications of sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy

Objective The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a high-risk cohort. Study Design This was a planned analysis of a prospective cohort designed to estimate the prevalence and trends of SDB in high-risk pregnant women. We recruited women with a body mass index of 30 kg/m 2 or greater, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, prior preeclampsia, and/or a twin gestation. Objective assessment of SDB was completed between 6 and 20 weeks and again in the third trimester. SDB was defined as an apnea hypopnea index of 5 or greater and further grouped into severity categories: mild SDB (5-14.9), moderate SDB (15-29.9), and severe SDB (≥30). Pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, infant weight) were abstracted by physicians blinded to the SDB results. Results Of the 188 women with a valid early pregnancy sleep study, 182 had complete delivery records. There was no relationship demonstrated between SDB exposure in early or late pregnancy and preeclampsia, preterm birth less than 34 weeks, and small-for-gestational-age ( 95%) neonates. Conversely, SDB severity in early pregnancy was associated with the risk of developing gestational diabetes (no SDB, 25%; mild SDB, 43%; moderate/severe SDB, 63%; P = .03). The adjusted odds ratio for developing gestational diabetes for moderate/severe SDB was 3.6 (0.6, 21.8). Conclusion This study suggests a dose-dependent relationship between SDB in early pregnancy and the subsequent development of gestational diabetes. In contrast, no relationships between SDB during pregnancy and preeclampsia, preterm birth, and extremes of birthweight were demonstrated.
Direct evidence for formation of hybrid vesicles by fusion of plasma and outer acrosomal membranes during the acrosome reaction in boar spermatozoa

A variety of treatment procedures was utilized to identify the origin and composition of the vesicles formed during the acrosome reaction of boar spermatozoa. Whether the acrosome reaction occurred spontaneously or was induced chemically the vesicles were hybrid vesicles composed of roughly equal proportions of plasma and outer acrosomal membranes.
A solid molecular basket sorbent for CO2 capture from gas streams with low CO2 concentration under ambient conditions

In this paper, a solid molecular basket sorbent, 50 wt% PEI/SBA-15, was studied for CO2 capture from gas streams with low CO2 concentration under ambient conditions. The sorbent was able to effectively and selectively capture CO2 from a gas stream containing 1% CO2 at 75 °C, with a breakthrough and saturation capacity of 63.1 and 66.7 mg g−1, respectively, and a selectivity of 14 for CO2/CO and 185 for CO2/Ar. The sorption performance of the sorbent was influenced greatly by the operating temperature. The CO2-TPD study showed that the sorbent could be regenerated under mild conditions (50–110 °C) and was stable in the cyclic operations for at least 20 cycles. Furthermore, the possibility for CO2 capture from air using the PEI/SBA-15 sorbent was studied by FTIR and proved by TPD. A capacity of 22.5 mg g−1 was attained at 75 °C via a TPD method using a simulated air with 400 ppmv CO2 in N2.
Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type A disease among Navajo and White Mountain Apache children, 1988-2003.

Background. Before the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines, rates of H. influenzae disease among Navajo and White Mountain Apache (WMA) children were among the highest reported worldwide. Routine Hib vaccination has significantly reduced rates of Hib disease in these populations. As Hib disease rates decrease to very low levels, there are concerns that non-type b strains of H. influenzae may emerge as more prevalent causes of invasive disease in children. Methods. We reviewed population-based, active laboratory surveillance data from the period of 1988-2003 for invasive H. influenzae type a (Hia) disease among Navajo and WMA children aged <5 years. Clinical information on cases was collected by chart review. A sample of Hia isolates from Navajo children was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results. During 1988-2003, a total of 76 reported cases of invasive Hia disease occurred among Navajo and WMA children. The overall annual incidence was 20.2 cases per 100,000 population aged <5 years. There was no increase in Hia disease rates after Hib vaccination was introduced. The median age of patients was 12 months. Meningitis (50% of cases) was the most common presentation, followed by pneumonia (27.6%). Two children with Hia disease died. PFGE analysis revealed a limited genetic diversity of Hia strains in this population. Conclusions. Active surveillance data showed high rates of invasive Hia disease among Navajo and WMA children but no increase in the incidence after Hib vaccination was introduced. The presentation of Hia disease is similar to that of Hib disease in the prevaccine era.
Maternal Grandsire Model for Dairy Sire Evaluation

In the application of best linear unbiased prediction to evaluation of dairy sires, computational considerations have required that relationships among cows and their descendants be ignored. Hence, a sire's evaluation does not incorporate the information from all of his female relatives, nor does it reflect information about the dams of his daughters. A procedure which uses this information becomes computationally feasible if some relationships are approximated. This procedure is equivalent to computing under a model which includes both sire and maternal grandsires.
Effect of dark exposure in the middle of the day on Period1, Period2, and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase mRNA levels in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland.

Abstract The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus contains a central circadian pacemaker, which adjusts circadian rhythms within the body to environmental light–dark cycles. It has been shown that dark exposure in the day causes phase shifts in circadian rhythms, but it does not induce changes in the melatonin levels in the pineal gland. In this study, we examined the effect of dark exposure on two “circadian clock” genes Period1 and Period2 mRNA levels in the rat SCN, and on Period1, Period2, and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aa-Nat, the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis) gene expression in the pineal gland. Period1 and Period2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the SCN after 0.5 and 2 h, respectively, therefore suggesting that changes in those mRNA levels may be the part of the mechanisms of dark-induced phase shifts. Period1 and Aa-Nat mRNA levels in the pineal gland were not affected by darkness, but Period2 was moderately affected. Since Period1 and Aa-Nat mRNA levels in the pineal gland did not respond to dark stimulation, we further examined whether the pineal gland itself is capable of responding to adrenergic stimulation at this time of the day. Isoproterenol significantly induced Period1 and Aa-Nat mRNA levels; however, it did not affect Period2. Although previous studies have reported that during the day the SCN “gates” the dark information reaching the pineal, our data demonstrate that dark information may reach the pineal during the daytime.
Developmental Regulation of Expression of Multiple γ-Glutamyl-Transpeptidase mRNAs in the Postnatal Rat Epididymis

Abstract Northern blot analysis was used to examine the pattern of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) mRNA expression during postnatal development of the rat epididymis. Multiple GGT mRNAs were detected in whole epididymides ranging in size from 2.2 to 2.5 kb. Expression of GGT mRNAs was low at birth and remained constant until postnatal day 8. From days 8-12, expression of GGT mRNAs decreased, then increased from day 14 thereafter until adult levels were attained. RNase protection analyses identified these GGT transcripts as mRNAs II, III and IV , corresponding to previously characterized GGT mRNAs that are transcribed from independent promoters. These results demonstrate that expression of multiple GGT mRNAs is regulated during postnatal development of the rat epididymis.
Longitudinal Differentiation of Eukaryotic Chromosomes

Longitudinal differentiation of chromosomes is expressed at several different levels. However, there are still gaps in the information gained by different methods, and the goal of future studies will be to close these gaps. Observations on nonbanded chromosomes have been replaced to a large extent by studies on variously banded chromosomes. Molecular studies have shown that chromosomes consist of repetitive, middle repetitive, and unique DNA sequences; a picture of the fine structure of the eukaryotic chromosome is finally emerging (Chapter VI).
Personalised performance feedback reduces narcotic prescription errors in a NICU

Objective Neonates are at high risk for significant morbidity and mortality from medication prescribing errors. Despite general awareness of these risks, mistakes continue to happen. Alerts in computerised physician order entry intended to help prescribers avoid errors have not been effective enough. This improvement project delivered feedback of prescribing errors to prescribers in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and measured the impact on medication error frequency. Methods A front-line multidisciplinary team doing multiple Plan Do Study Act cycles developed a system to communicate prescribing errors directly to providers every 2 weeks in the NICU. The primary outcome measure was number of days between medication prescribing errors with particular focus on antibiotic and narcotic errors. Results A T-control chart showed that the number of days between narcotic prescribing errors rose from 3.94 to 22.63 days after the intervention, an 83% improvement. No effect in the number of days between antibiotic prescribing errors during the same period was found. Conclusions An effective system to communicate mistakes can reduce some types of prescribing errors.
SPECIES-SPECIFIC EDGE EFFECTS ON NEST SUCCESS AND BREEDING BIRD DENSITY IN A FORESTED LANDSCAPE

Using natural nests of eight bird species, we provide one of the first multi- species tests for edge effects on reproductive success in a forested landscape. Our primary objective was to assess whether distance to the edge of recent clearcuts was related to nesting success in intact northern hardwood forests. Estimated nest success was generally lower for the two ground-nesting species than for the six canopy-nesting species. Brood parasitism was <3% for species which typically accept eggs of the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), and nest predation was the most common cause of nest failure. Probability of nest failure was influenced by distance to forest edge for the ground-nesting Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), but not for six canopy- nesting species. For the Hermit Thrush and Ovenbird, nest success relative to decreasing distance to the edge was reduced during the nestling stage, but not the incubation stage. Nest density appeared to be higher in forest zones near the clearcut edge for ground-nesting and for several canopy-nesting species. Our data suggest that the effect of proximity to edge on nest success for ground-nesting species may penetrate 300 m into intact forest, while the effect of proximity to edge on nest density may penetrate farther. These data suggest that the creation of openings in forested landscapes reduces nest success and in- creases nest density for some species of migratory birds in a zone adjacent to the opening. This pattern supports the notion that "ecological traps" may exist for ground-nesting birds in areas near recently created forest openings. Because areas of contiguous forest (e.g., publicly owned forest) in the Upper Great Lakes remain relatively intact, they may serve as source habitat for regional songbird metapopulations. ~ and ~~~~l~ 1983, paton 1994, ~i~~ ~ i ~ ~
Do angry women choose alcohol

Women's alcohol treatment usually includes anger management, predicated on the hypothesis that anger increases their drinking. Studies show strong association between anger and drinking but to date there is no laboratory support for this hypothesis. We examined effects of a "female-specific" anger provocation on young adult women's drinking behavior by randomly assigning 30 women (age 21-30) to one of two conditions: Provocation (n=15) or Non-Provocation (n=15). In the Provocation condition, a female confederate was both annoying and condescending to the participant for 8min. A manipulation check showed heightened anger and hostility (but not anxiety or depression) in the Provocation participants. In a subsequent taste-task, all participants could drink placebo "beer" and ginger ale. When the data analysis controlled for participants' baseline negative emotions, Provocation participants consumed more "beer" (M=172.33ml, SD=78.90) than did Non-Provocation participants (M=118.60ml, SD=75.74) (p<.04), with no differences in ginger ale consumption. Results support a causal relationship between young women's anger and their specific choice to drink alcohol.
The dynamic simulation research on application of SVC in the south Hebei power grid

The static var compensator(SVC) can realize two-direction, continuous, and quick adjustment of reactive power, and it is its prominent features. SVC is recognized as the most remarkable device for voltage control, stabilization and damped oscillation of power system. According to the features of the south Hebei power grid, against partial power system which is impacted by stronger load, and the wind farm of which output power is influenced hardly by natural resources, plenty of simulation analyses about cut-in SVC are performed in this paper. The result proved that SVC can reduce the pulsation of partial voltage, and improve the quality of electric energy.
Social Factors in Schizophrenia

One of the defining characteristics of schizophrenia is impaired social functioning. This was recognized a century ago in the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Today, deterioration of social relations remains a hallmark of schizophrenia, with social isolation and withdrawal forming part of its clinical profile in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. But what kind of social problems do patients with schizophrenia have? When do they become apparent? Who is most affected? In this article, I present a brief review of what is currently known and highlight issues that still require attention from researchers. In addition to describing the social deficits associated with schizophrenia, I also consider some of the social consequences that may arise from these deficits. These consequences include social rejection, stigma, and problematic family relationships. I also consider the role of social-skills training in improving patients’ general social functioning and the clinical course of their disease.
Coping variables that mediate the relation between intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes among low-income, African American women.

Coping variables that mediate the relation between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health outcomes among African American women were investigated. The study sample included 143 economically disadvantaged African American women ranging in age from 21 to 64 years old who were receiving services at an urban public health system. Sixty-five had experienced IPV within the past year and 78 had never experienced IPV. Results indicated that (a) the IPV status-depressive symptoms link was mediated by multiple ways of coping, spiritual well-being, and social support; (b) the IPV status-anxiety symptoms link was mediated by multiple ways of coping, social support, and ability to access resources; and (c) the IPV status-parenting stress link was mediated by multiple ways of coping, spiritual well-being, and social support, implications of these findings for clinical practice with abused women are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
At What Cost A Room of Her Own? Factors Contributing to the Feminization of Poverty Among Prime-Age Women, 1939–1959

This article investigates the feminization of poverty prior to 1960 by focusing on three factors that contributed to the increase in the propensity to form female-headed households and to the poverty rate among such households. Compared with 1939, households headed by prime-age women in 1959 included fewer adults, thereby reducing earnings potential. The earnings level at which such women formed independent households was lower relative to the poverty line; and although higher earnings allowed more women to form independent households, the increase was not large enough to lift some of these households out of poverty.
Assessing No Child Left Behind and the Rise of Neoliberal Education Policies

No Child Left Behind and other education reforms promoting high-stakes testing, accountability, and competitive markets continue to receive wide support from politicians and public figures. This support, the author suggests, has been achieved by situating education within neoliberal policies that argue that such reforms are necessary within an increasingly globalized economy, will increase academic achievement, and will close the achievement gap. However, the author offers preliminary data suggesting that the reforms are not achieving their stated goals. Consequently, educators need to question whether neoliberal approaches to education should replace the previously dominant social democratic approaches.
Movement patterns, depth preferences, and stomach temperatures of free-swimming juvenile mako sharks, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the Southern California Bight

Acoustic telemetry was used to track vertical and horizontal movement patterns and to monitor the stomach temperatures of seven juvenile shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque) in the Southern California Bight from July to November 2002. Makos (80–145 cm fork length, FL) were attracted to the tracking vessel, where they were fed a mackerel containing an acoustic transmitter that reported temperature and pressure. Tracks ranged from 6.8–45.4 h. Collectively, the mako sharks spent 80% of the track record at 0–12 m, 15% at 12–24 m, and 5% at depths >24 m. The average horizontal swimming speed was 2.3 km h−1 or 0.55 FLs s−1, and the greatest distance traveled was 145 km in 45.4 h. For the six tracks >21 h, there was a positive correlation between body size and maximum depth. Makos used more of the water column during daylight hours. Mean stomach temperature was 3.8±1.5°C above ambient, and body size was positively correlated with both maximum and average stomach temperature. Stomach content analyses of four makos captured at the end of tracking verified the occurrence of feeding events as indicated by changes in stomach temperature.
An Examination of Articles in Gifted Education and Multicultural Education Journals.

an analysis of gifted education and multicultural education journals was performed to identify the number of multicultural education articles in gifted education jour- nals and the number of gifted education articles in multicultural education journals. Journals reviewed were Multicultural Education, Multicultural Perspectives, Urban Education , Gifted Child Quarterly, Journal for the Education of the Gifted, and Roeper Review (1995 to 2004). issues related to multicultural education are discussed in gifted education journals, but issues related to gifted education are largely neglected in multicultural education journals. mplications are that policy makers in the two fields need to discuss ways to infuse issues related to gifted education into the discourse on multicultural education.
Two-dimensional effect in high-density SPS charge transfer

The incomplete charge transfer associated with serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial SPS organization in high-density arrays is identified as being due to a narrow-width-induced well-reduction effect. It is suggested in this note that the channel widths be kept the same for serial-to-parallel corner turning but the output serial channel width be widened for parallel-to-serial transfer turning.
Regulator to Control Current Sharing among Parallel-Connected Power Transistors

A current regulator is described that controls the peak current of a power transistor driving an inductive load, such as magnet coils. Presently, the current pulse has a 0.1- to I-ms adjustable duration with duty cycle to 5%. Ultimately, the pulse length must be ~ 7 ms with 50% duty cycle. The peak current nominally is 200 A, as set by a reference pulse. Several transistors, each controlled by an individual regulator, are connected in parallel to provide the total peak load current. The regulators compensate for differences between the power transistors and assure equal current sharing among the collectors. The regulator comprises an 8-bit multiplying digital-to-analog (D/A) converter that drives the base of the power transistor, an 8-bit up-down counter, an analog differencing circuit, and a comparator. For control purposes, a current-sensing resistor in the transistor's collector produces the second input to the differencing circuit. Regulation is accomplished over a collector current range of 200 ± 50 A per stage.
The Dynamic Manifestation of Cognitive Structures in the Cerebral Cortex

Cognitive structures are organized systems of information that embody the knowledge used to construct an individual’s reality. Having phylogenetic and ontogenetic determinants, they reside latently in the connectional organization of the cerebral cortex, both within and between areas. Different cortical areas, containing separate classes of knowledge in their local associative memories, operate in conjunction with one another to instantiate cognitive structures in perceptuo-motor behavior. As multiple areas recursively interact in largescale networks, their mutual constraint leads to the emergence of coordinated large-scale activity patterns. These patterns constitute a consistent construction of reality that fits the constraints imposed by the structures of the internal and external environments. This construction is the dynamic manifestation of cognitive structures in the cerebral cortex.
Effects of microstructure on the formation, shape, and motion of voids during electromigration in passivated copper interconnects

In situ scanning electron microscope observations have been performed on passivated damascene Cu interconnect segments of different widths during accelerated electromigration tests. In some cases, voids form and grow at the cathode. However, an alternative failure mode is also observed, during which voids form distant from the cathode end of the interconnect segment and drift toward the cathode, where they eventually lead to failure. The number of observations of this failure mode increased with increasing linewidth. During void motion, the shape and the velocity of the drifting voids varied significantly. Postmortem electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis was performed after in situ testing, and a correlation of EBSD data with the in situ observations reveals that locations at which voids form, their shape evolution, and their motion all strongly depend on the locations of grain boundaries and the crystallographic orientations of neighboring grains.
Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid-sequence induction using a variation of the timing principle.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine if, using a variation of the "timing" principle, 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium can achieve an onset time and intubating conditions similar to those achieved with succinylcholine. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical comparison. Setting: Operating room in a university medical center. Patients: 42 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery. Interventions: All patients were fitted with a Grass FT-10 force transducer attached to the thumb. Supramaximal stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve with a variable current peripheral nerve stimulator. 22 patients (succinylcholine group) received a placebo bolus injection followed 20 seconds later by thiopental 4 to 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg; 20 additional patients (rocuronium group) received a bolus dose of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg followed 20 seconds later by thiopental 4 to 5 mg/kg and a placebo bolus injection. Measurements and Main Results: We measured the onset time from administration of the muscle relaxant to 95 % twitch reduction and assessed the quality of intubating conditions 60 seconds after the induction of anesthesia. There was a significant difference in the mean onset time of rocuronium (72 sec) versus succinylcholine (42 sec, p Conclusion: Rocuronium given 20 seconds prior to thiopental provides intubating conditions equivalent to thiopental-succinylcholine for rapid-sequence inductions, circumventing rocuronium's longer onset time to 95% neuromuscular blockade.
Promises and limitations of youth activism in the 1960s: the case of the National Teacher Corps

The National Teacher Corps (NTC) was created in 1965 to improve the education of “disadvantaged” students by upgrading the quality of their teachers. Specifically, the initiative sought to deploy bright, young liberal arts graduates as teaching “interns” in public schools attended by low‐income students of color. This essay explores the attempts of some participants to carry out a mission of social reform through this government‐sponsored program that operated within local public schools across the country. In situating the NTC on a historical map of social activism, the article expands the field’s understandings of youth‐driven, anti‐poverty activities in the 1960s, illuminating both the promise and limitations that shaped possibilities for social change at the time.
Cohort Differences in Drug-Use Pathways to Crack among Current Crack Abusers in New York City

Much prior literature has focused on substance use progression through alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana leading from a time of no drug use as a youth to the possibility of serious drug abuse. This article extends this literature by empirically examining retrospectively the sequence of hard drugs used as reported retrospectively by 994 hard drug abusers from New York City. The sequence was strongly mediated by birth year. Nearly all (81%) current crack abusers born prior to 1953 had previously injected heroin. At the other extreme, prior heroin injection was rare (10%) among crack abusers born since 1967. Many (37%) of these younger crack abusers initiated use of crack just after having used gateway drugs. Theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed. Language: en
BIRTH ORDER AND SEX-TYPE

94 subjects were administered the Bem Sex-role Inventory and also asked whether they were first-, only-, or later-born children. A χ2 test indicated that androgynous and masculine sex-typed subject...
A Simplified Explanation of Deconvolution

An overview of the mathematical technique of deconvolution as applied to coded excitation is presented. Knowledge of the coded transmission waveform in conjunction with the received echo wavetrain allows the reflectors along the beam path to be identified. Multiple illustrative examples demonstrate the application of deconvolution to real-time image formation.
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals that Intact Histone H1 Phosphorylations are Variant Specific and Exhibit Single Molecule Hierarchical Dependence

Breast cancer was the second leading cause of cancer related mortality for females in 2014. Recent studies suggest histone H1 phosphorylation may be useful as a clinical biomarker of breast and other cancers because of its ability to recognize proliferative cell populations. Although monitoring a single phosphorylated H1 residue is adequate to stratify high-grade breast tumors, expanding our knowledge of how H1 is phosphorylated through the cell cycle is paramount to understanding its role in carcinogenesis. H1 analysis by bottom-up MS is challenging because of the presence of highly homologous sequence variants expressed by most cells. These highly basic proteins are difficult to analyze by LC-MS/MS because of the small, hydrophilic nature of peptides produced by tryptic digestion. Although bottom-up methods permit identification of several H1 phosphorylation events, these peptides are not useful for observing the combinatorial post-translational modification (PTM) patterns on the protein of interest. To complement the information provided by bottom-up MS, we utilized a top-down MS/MS workflow to permit identification and quantitation of H1 proteoforms related to the progression of breast cells through the cell cycle. Histones H1.2 and H1.4 were observed in MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cells, whereas an additional histone variant, histone H1.3, was identified only in nonneoplastic MCF-10A cells. Progressive phosphorylation of histone H1.4 was identified in both cell lines at mitosis (M phase). Phosphorylation occurred first at S172 followed successively by S187, T18, T146, and T154. Notably, phosphorylation at S173 of histone H1.2 and S172, S187, T18, T146, and T154 of H1.4 significantly increases during M phase relative to S phase, suggesting that these events are cell cycle-dependent and may serve as markers for proliferation. Finally, we report the observation of the H1.2 SNP variant A18V in MCF-10A cells.
Monte Carlo Surface Density Solution to the Dirichlet Heat Transfer Problem

A new and efficient Monte Carlo approach to the solution of the Dirichlet heat transfer problem is developed and implemented. The adaptability of this approach to Monte Carlo radiation transport co...
Seasonal Return Volatility and Firm Size: Implications for Conditional Heteroskedasticity

This paper reports evidence that the standard deviation of stock returns exhibits seasonal patterns. The seasonal patterns are considerably different between portfolios of different market value of equity stocks. January and August are the two most volatile months for the small decile portfolio while April and November are most volatile for the largest decile portfolio. Return variance anomalies have been modeled using different variations of the general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. We compare two methods to account for the seasonal differences in volatility between size portfolios in conditional heteroskedastic models. The first alternative specifies one month, one quarter and one year variance lags. The second alternative uses selected monthly dummy variables in the variance structure. Of the models tested, our results suggest that the best overall model is the EGARCH(1,1)-m with seasonal dummies. The GARCH-m model with seasonal lags performs well for portfolios of large market capitalization stocks. However, none of the models were able to account for the seasonality in volatility for large stocks and the models with variance lags failed to account for the seasonality for small stocks.
Novel Magnetic Orders and Ice Phases in Frustrated Kondo-Lattice Models

We review recent theoretical progress in our understanding of electron-driven novel magnetic phases on frustrated lattices. Our specific focus is on Kondo-lattice or double-exchange models assuming finite magnetic moments localized at the lattice sites. A salient feature of systems with SU(2) symmetric local moments is the emergence of noncoplanar magnetic ordering driven by the conduction electrons. The complex spin textures then endow the electrons a nontrivial Berry phase, often giving rise to a topologically nontrivial electronic state. The second part of the review is devoted to the discussion of metallic spin ice systems, which are essentially frustrated Ising magnets with local spin ordering governed by the so-called ice rules. These rules are similar to those that describe proton configurations in solid water ice, hence the name "spin ice". The nontrivial spin correlations in the ice phase give rise to unusual electron transport properties in metallic spin-ice systems.
New developments in an old strategy: heterologous vector primes and envelope protein boosts in HIV vaccine design

Prime/boost vaccination strategies for HIV/SIV vaccine development have been used since the early 1990s and have become an established method for eliciting cell and antibody mediated immunity. Here we focus on induction of protective antibodies, both broadly neutralizing and non-neutralizing, with the viral envelope being the key target antigen. Prime/boost approaches are complicated by the diversity of autologous and heterologous priming vectors, and by various forms of envelope booster immunogens, many still in development as structural studies aim to design stable constructs with exposure of critical epitopes for protective antibody elicitation. This review discusses individual vaccine components, reviews recent prime/boost strategies and their outcomes, and highlights complicating factors arising as greater knowledge concerning induction of adaptive, protective immunity is acquired.
Equip for Life

Children who do not routinely participate in sports or activities outside of school are more likely to be overweight or obese compared with children who participate in free-time physical activity. It is recommended that children participate in >60 minutes of physical activity everyday. In Pittsburgh 33% of children have a BMI >85th percentile and 15.9% have a BMI >95percentile. Anecdotally, families describe lack of access to resources for play opportunities, lack of knowledge about local parks or safe places to play, and lack of events in their …
Intracavity DNA melting analysis with optofluidic lasers.

DNA melting analysis holds great promise for simple and fast DNA sequence discrimination. However, conventional fluorescence-based methods suffer from a small differential signal and demanding melting curve analysis, both of which make it difficult to distinguish the target DNA from the mismatched one. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a highly specific intracavity DNA melting analysis scheme utilizing an optofluidic laser. The laser optically amplifies the small yet intrinsic thermal dynamic difference between the target and the single-base-mismatched DNA, resulting in a differential signal that is orders of magnitude greater than with fluorescence-based methods. In particular, the existence of a phase transition between the stimulated laser emission and fluorescence (i.e., spontaneous emission) enables accurate determination of the DNA transition temperature difference. Furthermore, the high differential signal in the intracavity detection allows for scanning of the laser excitation at a fixed temperat...
Seismic crustal anisotropy in Northern Georgia

Abstract The following velocities were observed in the piedmont of Georgia, principally from quarry explosions: Pg , 6.2; Sg , 3.6; Pn , 8.2 km/sec. Velocity variation with azimuth was about 0.75 and 0.45 km/sec for Pg and Sg , respectively. The principal cause is probably velocity banding in the crust, observed previously in short refraction profiles in the coastal plain.
Characterizing f-vectors (Supplemental)

What characterizes an f-vector of a simplicial complex? The entries are obviously nonnegative integers, and f0 = 1, but what other restrictions are there? Well, for one thing, if there are n vertices there can be at most \(\binom{n}{2}\) edges, since there is at most one edge for every pair of vertices. That is, $$\displaystyle{f_{2} \leq \binom{f_{1}}{2}.}$$ This simple observation can be greatly generalized. It turns out there is a sharp upper bound on the number of (k + 1)-faces expressed as a polynomial in f k . (Likewise, there is a sharp lower bound on the number of k faces required for a given number of (k + 1)-faces.) Collectively, these restrictions, known as the Kruskal-Katona-Schutzenberger inequalities (or KKS inequalities), characterize the set of f-vectors of simplicial complexes. We remark that characterizing f-vectors of boolean complexes is much, much simpler. See Problem 8.7 (Fig. 10.1).
Fast algorithms for learning with long N -grams via suffix tree based matrix multiplication

This paper addresses the computational issues of learning with long, and possibly all, N-grams in a document corpus. Our main result uses suffix trees to show that N-gram matrices require memory and time that is at worst linear (in the length of the underlying corpus) to store and to multiply a vector. Our algorithm can speed up any N-gram based machine learning algorithm which uses gradient descent or an optimization procedure that makes progress through multiplication. We also provide a linear running time and memory framework that screens N-gram features according to a multitude of statistical criteria and produces the data structure necessary for fast multiplication. Experiments on natural language and DNA sequence datasets demonstrate the computational savings of our framework; our multiplication algorithm is four orders of magnitude more efficient than naive multiplication on the DNA data. We also show that prediction accuracy on large-scale sentiment analysis problems benefits from long N-grams.
The transport of oxidized glutathione from the erythrocytes of various species in the presence of chromate.

1. Erythrocytes from normal and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient humans were subjected to hydrogen peroxide diffusion to oxidize the GSH. Studies were carried out in the presence and absence of chromate to inhibit glutathione reductase and with or without the addition of glucose. 2. The GSH content of erythrocytes from other species was oxidized by subjecting them to hydrogen peroxide diffusion in the presence of chromate and glucose. 3. Chromate (1·3mm) inhibited glutathione reductase by about 80%, whereas glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were not inhibited. 4. The GSSG formed was transported from the erythrocytes to the medium. 5. The transport rate of GSSG from glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes subjected to hydrogen peroxide diffusion in the presence of chromate was comparable with that from normal and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes. 6. The rate of transport of GSSG from erythrocytes of various species studied could be ranked: pigeon>rabbit>rat>donkey>man>dog>horse>sheep>chicken>fish.
Now which operation for chronic duodenal ulcer

Clinical appraisal of results of operations for chronic duodenal ulcer is beset with peculiar difficulties, such as variations in the selection of patients, problems in interpreting equivocal operative findings, differences in operative technics, and subjective values in appraisal of end results. A comparison of two types of operation in a personal series is presented, which avoids some of these variables; the series includes 100 patients who underwent vagotomy-posterior gastrojejunostomy and 100 patients who underwent vagotomy-hemigastrectomy.
Postoperative venous thromboembolism and brain tumors: part I. Clinical profile

Forty-six patients who underwent surgery for brain tumors were studied prospectively with 125I labeled Fibrinogen leg scans to detect postoperative venous thrombosis. The incidence of thrombosis was 72% for meningioma patients, 60% for glioblastoma patients, and 20% for brain metastasis patients. Correlation between the occurrence of venous thrombosis and the various clinical factors thought to be responsible for the high incidence of thrombosis generally failed to show statistical significance. This finding, along with the marked variation in the incidence of venous thrombosis between the different brain tumor groups, strongly suggests that biological factors play a more important role than clinical factors in determining which brain tumor patient will suffer a postoperative thrombosic event.
Designing for Robust and Effective Teamwork in Human-Agent Teams

We investigated the impact of team structure, task uncertainty, and information-sharing tools on team coordination and team performance in human-agent teams. In applications such as search and rescue, command and control, and air traffic control, operators in the future will likely need to work in teams together with robots. It is critical to understand how these teams could be robust against uncertainty and what influences team performance. We conducted two experiments in which teams of three operators controlled simulated heterogeneous robots on the same testbed. Experiment 1 investigated the impact of team structure and uncertainty of task arrival processes on team coordination and performance. Experiment 2 explored the usage of information-sharing tools under different uncertainty levels. In Experiment 1, it was found that divisional teams were more robust against the uncertainty on task arrival processes. However, this robustness was achieved with an overall worse performance compared to functional teams. Three reasons for the degraded performance were identified, namely duplication on task assignment, under-utilization of vehicles, and infrequent communication. In Experiment 2, it was found that information-sharing tools reduced the duplication on task assignments, improved overall task performance, and reduced workload. These results provide insights for achieving robust and effective teamwork. This goal can be achieved by using a team structure that could adapt to uncertainties together with effective information-sharing tools. These findings could inform the design of robust teams and the development of information-sharing tools to improve teamwork.
Optimisation of the Crushing Performance of Tubular Structures

This paper presents crashworthiness design for thin-walled tubes with circular cross sections, including straight and curved tubes, which are used as energy-absorbing devices. Optimised designs of the circular cross sectional profile for both straight and curved thin-walled tubes are obtained to maximise such tubes’ crushing performance. The optimisation process is carried out by using the design of experiments method (DOE) and finite element analysis (FEA). Crash behaviour of both straight and curved tubes is investigated and the effects of the circular cross sections on the structures’ crushing performance are analysed through a parametric study. In this paper, a comparatively new but efficient FEA model, simplified model, is used for this design project. It is validated that compared to the detailed FE model, the simplified model can well be used for the product design problem while saving much more modelling labour and computer resources.
The Peripheral and Central Nervous System

Abstract The human nervous system can be divided into the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system includes everything else including the peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, and autonomic structures. In this chapter, we consider the surface structures, support structures, regional organization, and blood supply of the brain and spinal cord. The focus of this chapter provides a broad anatomical foundation on which the complex connectivity and function of the human nervous system can be built.
A two-source hypothesis for Gapping

In this paper, we argue that Gapping constructions like Jessie might order beans and Kerry rice are ambiguous between two structures: CP domain coordinate structures, and vP domain coordinate structures. Initial evidence for this structural ambiguity analysis comes from the scope ambiguity that such examples exhibit: scopal elements above the vP domain, such as the modal auxiliary might, can take wide scope above the coordinate structure, or distributive scope, under it. Scopal elements within the vP domain, like manner adverbs, take only distributive scope. This distribution follows directly from our two-source analysis: ambiguous scopal material is either contained within the CP sized conjuncts, yielding a distributive interpretation, or it occupies a position above, and thus scopes over, the vP domain coordinate structure. We then show that our structural ambiguity analysis correctly predicts that the distribution of the Gapping scope ambiguity interacts with seemingly independent syntactic properties, with the effect that only one or the other reading is available in certain syntactic contexts.
Pseudo-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura presenting as multi-organ dysfunction syndrome: A rare complication of pernicious anemia.

Objective:We present a rare case of pernicious anemia presented as multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, later found to have pseudo-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Methods:An 86-year-old female pre...
Tor traffic analysis and identification

Tor is an anonymous Internet communication system based on the second generation of onion routing network protocol. Using Tor is really difficult to trace the users Internet activity: this is the reason why the usage of Tor is intended in order to protect the privacy of users, their freedom and the ability to conduct confidential communications without being monitored. Tor is even more used by cyber criminals in order to cover their illegal activities: the Tor community has observed, for instance an alarming increase in the number of malware that abuse of the popular anonymizing network to hide their command and control infrastructures. In this paper we present a technique able to identify whether an host is generating Tor-related traffic. We resort to well-known machine learning algorithms in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed feature set in a real world environment. In addition we demonstrate that the proposed method is able to recognize the kind of activity (e.g., email or P2P applications) the user under analysis is doing on the Tor network.