cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metamorphism and deformation near the ∼1.4-Ga Mount Ethel pluton, Park Range, Colorado

The ∼1.4-Ga Mount Ethel pluton is a northeast-trending elliptical body of granodiorite to quartz monzonite surrounded by Lower Proterozoic (1.8–1.7 Ga) rocks in the Park Range, northeast of Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The contact along the northern and southern margins of the pluton is concordant with the northeast-striking regional foliation, whereas the western margin is discordant to the regional foliation. The southern margin of the pluton is adjacent to the subvertical, northeast-striking, northwest-dipping Soda Creek–Fish Creek shear zone, which is located entirely within metasedimentary and metavolcanic country rocks. Kinematic indicators within the shear zone yield a north-side-down sense of shear with a left-lateral component. In contrast to several other well-studied ∼1.4-Ga plutons associated with shear zones in the western U.S., penetrative strain related to the shear zone does not appear to extend into the pluton. Late dikes, which appear to be genetically related to the Mount Ethel pluton, cut the main penetrative fabric of the shear zone but are also offset by narrow, discontinuous mylonites of the shear zone. Scarce discontinuous mylonites are also present along the southern margin of the pluton. The pluton contains magmatic fabrics that parallel the strike of the shear zone along the north and south margins of the pluton, but are at a high angle to it along the western margin. These data suggest that early deformation associated with the Soda Creek-Fish Creek shear zone occurred prior to pluton emplacement, that the Mount Ethel pluton was emplaced along a northeast-striking zone of anisotropy, and that some shearing also took place after crystallization and cooling of the pluton. Country rocks in the vicinity of the Mount Ethel pluton with garnet-biotite-plagioclasemuscovite ± sillimanite have two generations of garnet: one that is syntectonic and another that is post-tectonic relative to the northeast-striking foliation. Core compositions of pre/syntectonic garnet paired with matrix biotite compositions yield temperatures of > 600°C at ∼5 kbar that are associated with early (pre-Mount Ethel) deformation within the Soda Creek-Fish Creek shear zone. Core compositions of post-tectonic garnet paired with matrix biotite compositions reveal a temperature gradient on the south side of the pluton that increases from ∼540°C 5 km away to > ∼630°C within 1 km of the Mount Ethel pluton. This may represent the thermal aureole around the intrusion, or it may represent a gradient that pre-dated the pluton. Garnet-rim compositions from both syntectonic and post-tectonic garnet, paired with compositions of biotite near garnet, yield consistent temperatures of ∼550 ± 50°C that are spatially unrelated to the Mount Ethel pluton. These rim temperatures may be related to a third thermal event; or alternatively, they may represent partial re-equilibration of garnet rims with nearby biotite during cooling following the last metamorphism.
Material Properties and Composition of Soft-Tissue Fixation

Surgical interference screws and suture anchors for attaching soft tissue, such as ligaments and tendons, to bone are routinely used in arthroscopic surgery and sports medicine. Interference screw fixation provides a press fit between bone, graft/tendon, and screw and is frequently used to attach replacement ligaments in tunnels drilled for anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Suture anchors are used in surgical procedures wherein it is necessary for a surgeon to attach (tie) tissue to the surface of the bone, for example, during joint reconstruction and ligament repair or replacement. The composition of these implants ranges from metals to polymers and composites. Typically, because of the relatively large amount of torque that must be applied during insertion, these screws are constructed from metal. However, interference screws and suture anchors have also been constructed from bioabsorbable polymers and composites. The ideal material would (1) provide adequate mechanical fixation, (2) completely degrade once no longer needed, and (3) be completely replaced by bone. Because no material has been shown to be superior for all applications, the surgeon must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each to evaluate the optimum material for a given application and patient. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the commercially available interference screws and suture anchors, with an emphasis on implant composition, interaction, and design. This article provides the orthopaedic surgeon with a background on biomaterials, specifically those used in interference screws and suture anchors. Because there is no material that is perfect for all surgical situations, this review can be used to make educated decisions on a case-by-case basis.
Collagenous Colitis Associated with Protein Losing Enteropathy in a Toddler

Collagenous mucosal inflammatory disease is a rare gastrointestinal disorder that involves the columnar lining of gastric and intestinal mucosa and is characterized by a distinct subepithelial collagen deposition. Recent clinical and pathological evidence have indicated that collagenous mucosal inflammatory disease can be extensive disease that may concomitantly involve several gastrointestinal sites at the same time. This entity, however, occurs infrequently in children. It is even less common to find concomitant depositions of collagen in the mucosa of gastrointestinal sites other than the colon. Only two cases in pediatric literature reported concomitant involvement, one with gastric and colonic involvement and the other one with gastroduodenocolitis. We are reporting a 15-month-old boy who presented with severe diarrhea and diffuse edema secondary to hypoalbuminemia. Further testing documented protein losing enteropathy (PLE) associated with collagenous colitis.
Oxygen Pressure Dependence of Lead Ion Transport in PbO‐SiO2 Melts

The diffusivity of lead in a PbO-SiO2 melt was determined as a function of oxygen pressure from kinetic data for the oxidation of liquid lead covered by a layer of lead silicate melt which is short-circuited to facilitate electronic transport. The diffusivity-oxygen pressure relation thus obtained agreed well with the corresponding prediction based on definitions of the fluxes ofPb2+ and electron holes and an appropriate equilibrium relation.
Co‐seismic deformation of deep slabs based on summed CMT data

[1] We assess the co-seismic deformation inferred from earthquake moment tensor solutions for subducting slabs at depths greater than 50 km globally. We rotate each moment tensor into a local slab reference frame, then sum tensors within 50 km depth bins to approximate long term deformation characteristics. This builds upon previous analyses by using the up-to-date global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog, incorporating a more complete slab geometry, and focusing on the 3-D aspects of slab deformation. Results show a general consistency with Isacks and Molnar (1969), who found that most slabs can be divided into intermediate-extensional, intermediate-extensional-deep-compressional, and intermediate to deep-compressional categories. Exceptions to these three categories can be related to slab bending in the top 100 km, plate convergence that is oblique to the trench normal direction, and regions of higher focal mechanism heterogeneity. The regions of higher focal mechanism heterogeneity appear where there are along-strike changes in slab geometry and/or evidence of double-seismic zones. We find that the sense of deformation in the intermediate strain axis direction is opposite to that of the down-dip direction, in agreement with Kuge and Kawakatsu (1993). By quantitative comparison to numerical models of global mantle flow, we show that these observations are consistent with deformation of viscous slabs responding to their own negative buoyancy and an upper to lower mantle viscosity increase.
Capillarity and Mass Transport at the Ni‐AhOs Interface

The morphology of periodic gratings at the Ni-Al2O3 interface was investigated. The faceted gratings observed are related to the equilibrium shape of Al2O3 particles embedded in an Ni matrix. The interfacial diffusional process at the Ni-Al2O3 interface was studied by observing the decay of sinusoidal gratings as a function of orientation. The orientation dependence of the interfacial diffusion observed for Ni-Al2O3 is similar to that of the surface diffusion observed for Ni-Al2O3.
Relationships among Urinary Aminoimidazolecarboxamide in Urine and Folate, and Vitamin B12 Concentrations in Serum

Urinary aminoimidazolecarboxamide (AIC), serum folate, and serum vitamin B12 values were determined in 84 apparently healthy individuals. An automated system for determination of AIC in urine is described. Despite claims to the contrary, we found no evidence of a strong relationship between elevated (e.g., >1.3 µg/mg of creatinine) AIC excretion as reflected in a casual sample of urine and folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Urinary AIC values ranged from 0.10 to 5.20 µg/mg of creatinine. The mean for the population examined was 1.36 ± 1.02 µg/mg of creatinine.
Mandatory Arbitration in Consumer Finance and Investor Contracts

Mandatory pre-dispute arbitration clauses are pervasive in consumer financial and investor contracts — for credit cards, bank accounts, auto loans, broker-dealer services, and many others. These clauses often ill serve households. Consumers are typically presented with contracts on a “take it or leave it” basis, with no ability to negotiate over terms. Arbitration provisions are often not clearly disclosed, and in any event are not salient for consumers, who do not focus on the importance of the provision in the event that a dispute over the contract later arises, and who may misforecast the likelihood of being in such a dispute. The lack of salience means that there is no meaningful competition over arbitration provisions or likely any price effect. Some arbitration proceedings lack procedural protections, and unbiased arbitrator selection essential for fair outcomes. In addition, many arbitration provisions contain “gag” rules barring disclosure of reasoning, evidence, or outcomes. Moreover, arbitration clauses typically preclude consumers from banding together in aggregated actions, which diminishes redress and weakens deterrence. In the wake of the financial crisis, Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which authorizes the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to prohibit or condition the use of arbitration clauses in consumer finance and investment contracts, respectively. It is well past time for these agencies to use this authority.
Polyamine depletion stabilizes p53 resulting in inhibition of normal intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

The p53 nuclear phosphoprotein plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation of target genes involved in growth arrest and apoptosis. The natural polyamines, including spermidine, spermine, a...
Treatment of urinary bilharziasis with antimony dimercaptosuccinate (TWSb).

Twenty-five schoolboys weighing between 27 and 57 kg. were each given 0.4 gm. of TWSb (Antimony Dimercaptosllccinate) daily, by intravenous injection, for four consecutive days. They thus received 1.4 gm. TWSb irrespective of weight. The drug produced no objective symptoms of any kind; one boy complained of a bitter metallic taste after his third injection. They were treated as ambulant patients.
Minding the gap: can continuing medical education bridge the quality chasm?

The Institute of Medicine (IOM)'s report, “Crossing the Quality Chasm” [(1)][1], is an indictment of our profession's ability to translate the body of medical evidence into the delivery of patient care. As research and technology rapidly advance, the gap between what should be done and what is
The Role of Medial Temporal Lobe Regions in Incidental and Intentional Retrieval of Item and Relational Information in Aging

Considerable neuropsychological and neuroimaging work indicates that the medial temporal lobes are critical for both item and relational memory retrieval. However, there remain outstanding issues in the literature, namely the extent to which medial temporal lobe regions are differentially recruited during incidental and intentional retrieval of item and relational information, and the extent to which aging may affect these neural substrates. The current fMRI study sought to address these questions; participants incidentally encoded word pairs embedded in sentences and incidental item and relational retrieval were assessed through speeded reading of intact, rearranged, and new word-pair sentences, while intentional item and relational retrieval were assessed through old/new associative recognition of a separate set of intact, rearranged, and new word pairs. Results indicated that, in both younger and older adults, anterior hippocampus and perirhinal cortex indexed incidental and intentional item retrieval in the same manner. In contrast, posterior hippocampus supported incidental and intentional relational retrieval in both age groups and an adjacent cluster in posterior hippocampus was recruited during both forms of relational retrieval for older, but not younger, adults. Our findings suggest that while medial temporal lobe regions do not differentiate between incidental and intentional forms of retrieval, there are distinct roles for anterior and posterior medial temporal lobe regions during retrieval of item and relational information, respectively, and further indicate that posterior regions may, under certain conditions, be over-recruited in healthy aging. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Theoretical Scheme to Implement MAC Protocols in VANETs Employing Cognitive Radio

Vehicular communications have the capacity to open up a plethora of service applications and most importantly, increasing road safety by providing warning messages. To enable these features, it is necessary to establish MAC protocols which not only offer good QoS and fairness but also address other concerns of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). As VANETs pose greater challenges compared to conventional Ad-hoc networks like MANETs, it is required to implement effective medium access schemes which address efficient use of spectrum, minimization of packet delay, as well as authentication, security and prioritized delivery of safety messages. In this paper, we study novel concepts of three recently proposed MAC protocols for VANETs. We provide a theoretical approach in implementing multiple MAC protocols for VANETs, which use cognitive radio technology, by combining some of the novel features proposed in the reviewed protocols.
Descartes and the Geometrization of Algebra

(1959). Descartes and the Geometrization of Algebra. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 390-393.
Continuum Modeling of Gas Flows in Micronozzles

Gas flows in De-Laval micronozzles are studied numerically with a 2D continuum axisymmetric model, which solves the governing equations by a control volume method. The continuum model is validated with experimental data and the comparisons on exit thrust values are in good agreement except at low Reynolds number. Parametric studies are conducted for the flows ranging from continuum to transitional flow regimes. The nozzle throat diameters are varied from 1 to 0.2 mm and the stagnation pressures from 17 to 1 Torr to investigate the effects of nozzle throat diameter, stagnation pressure and their combination. Slip and no-slip boundary conditions are employed in the studies.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Nesting Biology of a Forest Yellowjacket Vespula acadica (Sladen) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), in the Pacific Northwest

Vespula acadica (Sladen) typically nests in decayed logs in heavily forested habitats. Many aspects of its biology are characteristic of the V. rufa (L.) species group: one worker-rearing comb, loose-weave network of the nest envelope, ribbonlike suspensoria above the top comb and cordlike pedicels between subsequent combs, short colony duration, small colony size, and foraging only for live prey. An ichneumonid parasitoid and vertebrate predators may have an important impact on V. acadica population dynamics, but the obligate social parasite, V. austriaca (Panzer), probably has a more serious effect on the host. Inquilines successfully usurped 7 of 17 postemergence colonies. Parasitized colonies were smaller than nonparasitized ones, and unlike typical V. acadica reproductive (large-cell) combs where both queens and males are reared, only V austriaca females were reared in the large cells. Parasite males emerged only from the worker-producing comb. Parasitized colonies began to decline earlier than most queen-right host colonies.
357 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF AURICULAR ACUPUNCTURE AT LOW IMPEDANCE POINTS USING AN ANIMAL MODEL

Stimulation of the auricle of the human ear has been used as medical remedy since the ancient times, both in the East and in the West. In 1957, Nogier described a new therapy called “auriculotherapy”, which could treat several pathologies including the relief of pain. According to Nogier, the different areas of the body, as well as the viscera, are represented with a well-defined somatotopic organisation on the auricle, in a pattern that resembles an upside-down fetus. The points of auricular acupuncture are found in a region where points of low electrical impedance have been described. A double-blind study was conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats to study whether low frequency auricular electroacupuncture (EA) inhibits acute local inflammation in the carrageenan-induced paw edema and the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect. Methyl atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and naloxone, an opioid antagonist, were investigated for the involvement of the parasympathetic and the opioid system on the effects of auricular EA. Rats were divided into 4 groups: a control group (CA), an acupuncture group (CA+EA), an acupuncture group pretreated with naloxone (CA+EA +NX) (5mg/kg i.p.) and an acupuncture group pretreated with methyl atropine (CA+EA +MA) (0.2 mg/ml i.p). Bilateral stimulation was applied at the 12 o9clock position of the “anterior conchae” of the rats at an intensity of 0.8 mA, which is within the range of clinical application of electroacupucture. Prior to the CA injection and at 1 hour intervals for 4 hours after the injection, paw volume was measured with the use of a plethysomometer (Ugo Basile, Comerior, Italy) to record the changes in paw edema. Results showed that the rats which received auricular acupuncture (CA+EA) showed significant reduction in inflammation over the control group (CA) as shown in the lower levels of edema observed in the CA+EA group. The CA+MA group showed increased edema over the CA group. Although no significance was seen between the CA+EA+MA group and CA+MA group, a trend was seen where the CA+EA+MA group showed a decrease in edema to the CA+MA group. Studies with naloxone were not conclusive in the involvement of the opioid system because the CA+NX group showed a decrease in edema in comparison to the CA group; it is unknown what anti-inflammatory effect naloxone itself has. The results showed that low frequency auricular acupuncture does inhibit acute local inflammation, but the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect remains to be clarified.
A Scoping Study for High-Field-Side Launch of Lower Hybrid Waves on ADX MIT

Launching lower hybrid (LH) waves from the high field side (HFS) of a tokamak offers significant advantages over low–field-side (LFS) launch with respect to both wave physics and plasma material interactions (PMIs). The higher magnetic field opens the window between wave accessibility and the condition for strong electron Landau damping, allowing LH waves from the HFS to penetrate into the core of burning plasma, while waves launched from the LFS are restricted to the periphery of the plasma. The lower parallel refractive index ( $n\vert \vert $ ) of the waves launched from the HFS yields a higher current drive efficiency as well. The absence of turbulent heat and particle fluxes on the HFS, particularly in double null configuration, makes it the ideal location to minimize PMI damage to the antenna structure. The quiescent scrape off layer (SOL) also eliminates the need to couple LH waves across a long distance to the separatrix, as the antenna can be located close to plasma without risking damage to the structure. The Advanced Divertor eXperiment (ADX) will include an LH launcher located on the HFS. The LH system for ADX will make use of the existing infrastructure from Alcator C-Mod, including sixteen 250-kW klystrons at 4.6 GHz (total source power of 4 MW), high-voltage power supply, and controls. The ADX vacuum vessel design includes dedicated space for waveguide runs, pressure windows, and vacuum feedthroughs for accessing the HFS wall. Compact antenna designs based on proven technologies (e.g., multijunction and four-way splitter antennas) fit within the available space on the HFS of the ADX. Wave coupling simulations of these launchers with HFS SOL density profiles showing good coupling can be obtained by adjusting the distance between the separatrix and the HFS wall. Guard limiters on each side of the LH antenna protect the structure during ramp-up, ramp-down, and off-normal events.
Towards High Performance Processing of Streaming Data in Large Data Centers

Smart devices, mobile robots, ubiquitous sensors, and other connected devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) increasingly require real-time computations beyond their hardware limits to process the events they capture. Leveraging cloud infrastructures for these computational demands is a pattern adopted in the IoT community as one solution, which has led to a class of Dynamic Data Driven Applications (DDDA). These applications offload computations to the cloud through Distributed Stream Processing Frameworks (DSPF) such as Apache Storm. While DSPFs are efficient in computations, current implementations barely meet the strict low latency requirements of large scale DDDAs due to inefficient inter-process communication. This research implements efficient highly scalable communication algorithms and presents a comprehensive study of performance, taking into account the nature of these applications and characteristics of the cloud runtime environments. It further reduces communication costs within a node using an efficient shared memory approach. These algorithms are applicable in general to existing DSPFs and the results show significant improvements in latency over the default implementation in Apache Storm.
Explorer of stars and souls: Arthur Stanley Eddington

From the halls of the Royal Astronomical Society to the shores of West Africa, Arthur Eddington was no ordinary scientist. He saw science not just as a series of intellectual goals but as a way of advancing humanity as a whole. He was the man who made Einstein famous and who first peered inside a star. He combined physics with astronomy to solve scientific mysteries, and helped to reconcile British and German scientists after the First World War.
Like Giving Birth to a Dead White Star: An Introduction to the Modern Sublime in Virginia Woolf

By way of a close reading of “Moments of Being: ‘Slater’s Pins Have No Points’” O’Hara explicates his theory of the modernist sublime as it relates to Woolf. Through an act of identification and doubling that occurs between Woolf and previous thinkers, and then again between author and reader, the modernist sublime is characterized as the apparent paradox that results from the fusion of irony and the sublime within the imagination. O’Hara calls first on Pater’s definition of romanticism as beauty imbued with strangeness to set up a discussion of Freud’s uncanny, a self-preserving doubling. Woolf’s work demonstrates a modernist sublime that takes the form of, at once, pure receptivity and pure power as the outcome of an uncanny identification between author and reader.
Landmark-Constrained Elastic Shape Analysis of Planar Curves

ABSTRACTVarious approaches to statistical shape analysis exist in current literature. They mainly differ in the representations, metrics, and/or methods for alignment of shapes. One such approach is based on landmarks, that is, mathematically or structurally meaningful points, which ignores the remaining outline information. Elastic shape analysis, a more recent approach, attempts to fix this by using a special functional representation of the parametrically defined outline to perform shape registration, and subsequent statistical analyses. However, the lack of landmark identification can lead to unnatural alignment, particularly in biological and medical applications, where certain features are crucial to shape structure, comparison, and modeling. The main contribution of this work is the definition of a joint landmark-constrained elastic statistical shape analysis framework. We treat landmark points as constraints in the full shape analysis process. Thus, we inherit benefits of both methods: the landmar...
Corruption in the Middle East and North Africa: A Geographic Perspective

Corruption—rent-seeking behaviour in which a few benefit at the expense of the many—is widespread and deeply entrenched throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This article examines this issue geographically. It opens with a discussion of the causes and consequences of corruption, noting its multiple forms and levels of severity and the contexts in which it tends to thrive. Second, the article focuses on MENA corruption in particular, emphasizing the deleterious role of oil exports (the “resource curse”) and offering a series of vignettes of corruption in different countries. Third, it offers an empirical analysis, using data from Transparency International, which illustrates the relative severity of corruption in the area and its relationship to several economic and political variables. The conclusion highlights the principal findings and notes that although anti-corruption campaigns usually fail, other measures can be taken.
Evidence in favor of the mechanical (intrauterine torsion) theory over the endocrinopathy (cryptorchidism) theory in the pathogenesis of testicular agenesis.

AbstractThere are 2 competing theories regarding the pathogenesis of testicular agenesis—the endocrinopathy/cryptorchidism and the mechanical/intrauterine torsion theories. We compare the number of Leydig cells, total number of germ cells and the transformation of adult dark spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes in semithin sections of testicular biopsies from 59 contralateral descended testes of patients with testicular agenesis with those in the contralateral descended testes from 250 patients with unilateral cryptorchidism. The contralateral descended testes from boys with testicular agenesis demonstrated higher numbers of Leydig cells, higher numbers of total germ cells and a higher rate of transformation of adult dark spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes than did the contralateral descended testes from the patients with unilateral cryptorchidism. These findings favor the mechanical/intrauterine torsion theory over the endocrinopathy/cryptorchidism theory in the pathogenesis of testicular agenesis.
Non-Gradient Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Gradient blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) is a well established and widely used technique for activity analysis of high-molecular-weight proteins, protein complexes, and protein-protein interactions. Since its inception in the early 1990s, a variety of minor modifications have been made to this gradient gel analytical method. Here we provide a major modification of the method, which we call non-gradient BN-PAGE. The procedure, similar to that of non-gradient SDS-PAGE, is simple because there is no expensive gradient maker involved. The non-gradient BN-PAGE protocols presented herein provide guidelines on the analysis of mitochondrial protein complexes, in particular, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) and those in the electron transport chain. Protocols for the analysis of blood esterases or mitochondrial esterases are also presented. The non-gradient BN-PAGE method may be tailored for analysis of specific proteins according to their molecular weight regardless of whether the target proteins are hydrophobic or hydrophilic. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discrimination and anger control as pathways linking socioeconomic disadvantage to allostatic load in midlife

Abstract Objective Recent evidence suggests that experiences of discrimination contribute to socioeconomic status health disparities. The current study examined if the experience and regulation of anger—an expected emotional response to discrimination—serves as an explanatory factor for the previously documented links between socioeconomic disadvantage (SED), discrimination, and allostatic load. Methods Data were drawn from the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and included 909 adults who participated in the biomarkers subproject. Results Results revealed that perceived discrimination was associated with higher levels of allostatic load. Furthermore, we found evidence that perceived discrimination and anger control sequentially explained the relationship between SED and allostatic load, such that greater discrimination was associated with lower levels of anger control, which, in turn accounted for the effects of discrimination on allostatic load. These results remained significant after controlling for negative affect, positive affect, other forms of anger expression, as well as demographic covariates. Conclusions Our findings suggest that low anger control may be an important psychological pathway through which experiences of discrimination influence health.
Therapeutic Anticoagulation in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors or Secondary Brain Metastasis

Patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors are at increased risk of developing venous thromboses. However, the potential benefit of therapeutic anticoagulation in these patients must be weighed against the deadly complication of intracranial hemorrhage. In this review, we summarize available evidence and recent studies of intracranial bleeding risks in primary and metastatic tumors and the impact of therapeutic anticoagulation. We find that for the majority of primary and treated metastatic brain tumors, the risk of spontaneous bleeding is acceptable and not further increased by careful therapeutic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin or direct oral anticoagulants, although thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 50,000/μL) and other coagulopathies are relative contraindications. Patients with brain metastasis from melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma have a higher tendency to bleed spontaneously than noted in patients with other malignancies, and thus warrant routine brain imaging and alternative strategies such as inferior vena cava filter placement in the acute setting of venous thromboembolism before consideration of therapeutic anticoagulation. Implications for practice Malignant gliomas are associated with increased risks of both venous thromboses and intracranial hemorrhage, but the additional bleeding risk associated with therapeutic anticoagulation appears acceptable, especially after treatment of primary tumors. Most patients with treated brain metastasis have a low risk of intracranial hemorrhage associated with therapeutic anticoagulation, and low molecular weight heparin is currently the preferred agent of choice. Patients with untreated brain metastasis from melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, choriocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma have a higher propensity for spontaneous intracranial bleeding, and systemic anticoagulation may be contraindicated in the acute setting of venous thromboembolism.
Reflections on the Effectiveness of a High Density Ambient Sensor Deployment for Monitoring Healthy Aging

The percentage of the world’s population aged over 65 is growing at unprecedented rates. Many countries face the challenge of supporting an aging population despite increasing healthcare costs, and an insufficient number of caregivers. Emerging technologies, like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), can help. Activities of daily living (ADLs) are a good indicator of healthy aging and provide a baseline for detecting an elder’s changes in physical and cognitive state. Monitoring and accurately classifying elders’ activities helps prevent and mitigate some common risks faced by elders when they age-in-place. In our study, we partnered with a senior care provider to add sensors to five apartments in an independent living facility and provided the requisite 24/7 monitoring. Ambient sensors were deployed in each of the apartments and collected high-density IoT sensor data for six months for each of the study participants, who were all over the age of 70. While we successfully created a model to classify ADLs through the recognition and observation of patterns based on high-density ambient sensor placement, sensor data and semantics, and characteristics of activities, we discovered challenges in capturing every ADL for each participant. Often, the ADLs captured for each participant offered unique and personalized indicators of healthy aging. This paper explores the challenges of deploying consumer-grade, IoT, sensors, and the application of AI technology to learn and model elders’ ADLs. We also share results of our exploration to classify ADLs in the data using manual crowd-sourcing, rule-based reasoning and machine learned analytics.
What's clicking what? techniques and innovations of today's clickbots

With the widespread adoption of Internet advertising, fraud has become a systemic problem.While the existence of clickbots--malware specialized for conducting click-fraud--has been known for a number of years, the actual functioning of these programs has seen little study. We examine the operation and underlying economic models of two families of modern clickbots, "Fiesta" and "7cy." By operating the malware specimens in a controlled environment we reverse-engineered the protocols used to direct the clickbots in their activities.We then devised a milker program that mimics clickbots requesting instructions, enabling us to extract over 360,000 click-fraud directives from the clickbots' control servers. We report on the functioning of the clickbots, the steps they employ to evade detection, variations in how their masters operate them depending on their geographic locality, and the differing economic models underlying their activity.
Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields

In this chapter we carry further the algebraic theory of elliptic curves over fields of characteristic p > 0. We already know that the p-division points in characteristic p form a group isomorphic to Z/p Z or zero while the l-division points form a group isomorphic to (Z/l Z)2 for p ≠ l. Moreover, the endomorphism algebra has rank 1 or 2 in characteristic 0 but possibly also rank 4 in characteristic p > 0.
Some Stages of Processing in Speech Perception

In this paper we consider a number of theoretical issues that have occupied the attention of investigators concerned with human speech perception. Most extant theories of speech perception have been quite general and vague and for the most part not terribly well developed. It is our view that many of the theoretical issues have not been dealt with adequately in the past primarily because of the failure of these theories to make explicit and precise statements that can be tested empirically. Indeed, most of the current theories are formulated in such broad terms that the scope of the theory cannot be delimited in any satisfactory way to deal with existing phenomenon or predict new findings.
Search Engine Optimization—Black and White Hat Approaches

Abstract Today the first stop for many people looking for information or to make a purchase online is one of the major search engines. So appearing toward the top of the search results has become increasingly important. Search engine optimization (SEO) is a process that manipulates Web site characteristics and incoming links to improve a site's ranking in the search engines for particular search terms. This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the SEO process. SEO methods that stay within the guidelines laid out by the major search engines are generally termed “white hat,” while those that violate the guidelines are called “black hat.” Black hat sites may be penalized or banned by the search engines. However, many of the tools and techniques used by “black hat” optimizers may also be helpful in “white hat” SEO campaigns. Black hat SEO approaches are examined and compared with white hat methods.
Findings from an evaluation of PlanAlyzer's double cross-over trials of computer-based, self-paced, case-based programs in anemia and chest pain diagnosis.

Abstract We report on three years of research trials of the PlanAlyzer I Project--a carefully controlled research study using a microcomputer-based, self-paced, case-based, event-driven system for medical education. PlanAlyzer presents cases, elicits and critiques a second year student's approach to the diagnosis of anemias and chest pain. PlanAlyzer uses text, hypertext, images and critiquing theory. Students were randomized, one half becoming the experimental group who received the interactive PlanAlyzer cases in anemia, the other half becoming the controls who received the exact same content material in a text format. Later in each year there was a crossover, the controls becoming the experimentals for a similar intervention with the cardiology PlanAlyzer cases. Results at the end of the first two years of trials show that the programs have achieved some significant efficiency and economy gains. 96 faculty hours of classroom time were saved by using PlanAlyzer in their place, with no loss in student achievement. In terms of student proficiency and efficiency, combining the anemia and cardiology trials, the 328 students in the two years of full scale trials were able to accomplish the project's instructional objectives. The experimentals accomplished this in 43% less time than the controls. On the average, for both the anemia and chest pain programs, this amounted to students spending 7.5 hours longer on the 30 text cases than on the same 30 computer cases to achieve the same level of mastery. There have been no significant proficiency differences (as measured by current post-tests) between the experimental and control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gastrointestinal bezoars: history and current treatment paradigms.

As GI bezoars are a potentially serious problem, it is important to be aware of their risk factors, as well as subtle clinical findings that may facilitate early investigation and diagnosis. Knowing the location and type of the bezoar are important, as this information influences patient management. Treatment of gastric phytobezoars has included lavage and dissolution therapy with a variety of dissolution products—including a novel and noninvasive combination technique reported by Kramer and Pochapin—as well as endoscopic fragmentation and retrieval, and surgery.11 Following removal of a bezoar, it is prudent to prevent future occurrences via dietary counseling, avoidance of certain medications, and correction of underlying motility problems if present.
Workshop Summary: Novel Aspects in Applications and Fracture Theory

The following topics were discussed: 1. Recent understanding of relative role of plasticity and decohesion processes. 2. New experimental techniques and observations for monitoring/evaluating fracture. a. In-situ TEM b. Fracture reconstruction c. Acoustic emission fracture relationships 3. Critical experiments 4. Development of linkage between continuum and atomistic aspects of fracture. 5. Can environmental effects be modeled using continuum theory? 6. Fracture of new materials-composites, polymers, ceramics, etc. 7. Relation of in-situ TEM observations to bulk fracture phenomena. 8. Is the relation of crack angle to crack growth rate in Fe-Si universal?
Role of the vitreous in diabetic retinopathy. I. Vitreous changes in diabetic retinopathy and in physiologic aging

The vitreoretinal relationships in 1021 eyes of 570 patients with diabetic retinopathy and in 857 normal eyes were studied retrospectively in an attempt to identify the vitreous changes specifically related to diabetes. Complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) occurred in diabetic patients largely as part of the aging process, but proliferation interfered with its development. Complete PVD with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in the younger age groups was more prevalent in eyes treated by panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) than in untreated eyes and thus might have an association with PRP treatment. Partial PVD, seen mainly in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, had no correlation with aging. In the eyes of patients who were younger when diabetes was diagnosed, the development of partial PVD had a close correlation with the duration of diabetes. The data suggest the need for a clinical trial of early photocoagulation, before partial PVD develops, in younger-onset diabetic patients showing early proliferative changes.
Magical realism: assumptions, evidence and prescriptions in the Ukraine conflict

The term “realism” has been invoked often in discussions of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, both to explain what happened and to evaluate potential policy options for the West. This article examines t...
Acute transient tachypnea following gadoxetate administration in a rhesus macaque during contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract During an infectious disease modeling study, a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), experienced acute transient tachypnea including transient severe motion during the 70-second phases of serial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen. This same animal experienced transient severe motion during all but 2 of the 8 scans of the year-long study. This animal was the only animal in the study (1 of 12) to have this reaction to gadoxetate; the animal also vomited after the contrast injection once on day 146 of the study. On day 86, a different contrast agent (gadobutrol) was used, and the reaction did not occur. No treatment was required for any conditions relating to the reaction due to the self-limited nature. This type of reaction has not yet been reported in veterinary subjects before and is likely to be idiosyncratic after first exposure. However, this reaction should not be life threatening, and other contrast agents can be used if acute transient tachypnea does occur.
Real-Time Modeling and HIL Simulation of Stacked Low-Inertia Converters with Soft-Switching and Fast Dynamic Control

This paper presents the challenges in modeling of low-inertia soft-switching converters, such as soft-switching solid-state transformers (S4T), particularly for implementing fast-dynamic control using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tools. The low-inertia design leads to increased control challenges as decoupling between the input and the output is reduced. The control becomes more complex when such low-inertia converters need to be stacked using modular S4T modules (M-S4T) for medium voltage applications. Control of an M-S4T is a multi-objective, multi-degree-of-freedom problem, which requires fast-dynamic control. The non-idealities of the controller, sensors and communication channels etc. should be considered in modelling for HIL simulation to verify such fast-dynamic control algorithm. This paper discusses the challenges and a methodology to model such low inertia converters to perform an HIL real-time (RT) simulation. A quasi-real-time (QRT) HIL model is proposed to simulate this type of converters and controls. Simulation results of the HIL model of an M-S4T under steady state and transient conditions are compared to experimental results, showing that the QRT HIL model can simulate the low inertia physical converter with fast dynamic control accurately.
Stereotactic MR-guided on-table adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

TPS786Background: Standard dose radiation therapy has been unsuccessful in inoperable pancreatic cancer; with a negative study (LAP07) for conventional chemoradiation and dropping of the stereotact...
Revisiting the effectiveness of HCHO/NO2 ratios for inferring ozone sensitivity to its precursors using high resolution airborne remote sensing observations in a high ozone episode during the KORUS-AQ campaign

Abstract The nonlinear chemical processes involved in ozone production (P(O3)) have necessitated using proxy indicators to convey information about the primary dependence of P(O3) on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or nitrogen oxides (NOx). In particular, the ratio of remotely sensed columns of formaldehyde (HCHO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been widely used for studying O3 sensitivity. Previous studies found that the errors in retrievals and the incoherent relationship between the column and the near-surface concentrations are a barrier in applying the ratio in a robust way. In addition to these obstacles, we provide calculational-observational evidence, using an ensemble of 0-D photochemical box models constrained by DC-8 aircraft measurements on an ozone event during the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign over Seoul, to demonstrate the chemical feedback of NO2 on the formation of HCHO is a controlling factor for the transition line between NOx-sensitive and NOx-saturated regimes. A fixed value (~2.7) of the ratio of the chemical loss of NOx (LNOx) to the chemical loss of HO2+RO2 (LROx) perceptibly differentiates the regimes. Following this value, data points with a ratio of HCHO/NO2 less than 1 can be safely classified as NOx-saturated regime, whereas points with ratios between 1 and 4 fall into one or the other regime. We attribute this mainly to the HCHO-NO2 chemical relationship causing the transition line to occur at larger (smaller) HCHO/NO2 ratios in VOC-rich (VOC-poor) environments. We then redefine the transition line to LNOx/LROx~2.7 that accounts for the HCHO-NO2 chemical relationship leading to HCHO = 3.7 × (NO2 – 1.14 × 1016 molec.cm-2). Although the revised formula is locally calibrated (i.e., requires for readjustment for other regions), its mathematical format removes the need for having a wide range of thresholds used in HCHO/NO2 ratios that is a result of the chemical feedback. Therefore, to be able to properly take the chemical feedback into consideration, the use of HCHO = a × (NO2 – b) formula should be preferred to the ratio in future works. We then use the Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument to study O3 sensitivity in Seoul. The unprecedented spatial (250 × 250 m2) and temporal (~every 2 h) resolutions of HCHO and NO2 observations form the sensor enhance our understanding of P(O3) in Seoul; rather than providing a crude label for the entire city, more in-depth variabilities in chemical regimes are observed that should be able to inform mitigation strategies correspondingly.