cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Humanoid Robot Features on Patient Emotion during a Medicine Delivery Task

Human perceptions of the “humanness” of robots have been found to be influenced by face, voice and interactivity features. These features have been studied individually in a human robot interaction (HRI) and facial features appear to be strongest in promoting positive human emotions. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of combined humanoid robot features on human emotions during a medicine delivery task. Seven robot prototypes with various combinations of face, voice and interactivity features were developed and classified in terms of levels of humanness. A “Wizard of Oz” experiment was conducted in which 32 subjects received and accepted a simulated bag of medicine from each of the robot prototypes. Both subjective (arousal and valence ratings) and physiological (HR and GSR) measures were collected as indicators of participant emotional states. Results revealed robot configurations with higher levels of humanness promoted positive emotions. Arousal and valence ratings and the HR respons...
Effect of spinal cord TRH deficiency on lower motorneuron function in the rat.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), present in high concentrations in the mammalian spinal cord, exerts excitatory effects on the alpha-motorneuron (AMN) via axodendritic contacts. We used the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) to deplete TRH from the ventral horn of the spinal cord of adults rats to determine whether the tripeptide may be trophic to the AMN. The rats were studied blindly and sequentially for 11 weeks. Motor performance remained normal by clinical and electrophysiologic assessments. AMN counts were not reduced in the lumbar cord, and gastrocnemius muscle showed no evidence of denervation in treated rats. We conclude that in the adult rat chronic ventral horn TRH deficiency does not lead to AMN degeneration and is not associated with a significant alteration of AMN function.
One hundred laparoscopic adrenalectomies: a single surgeon's experience.

Background: Since the first laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in 1992, it has quickly gained acceptance as the standard of care for the treatment of benign adrenal neoplasms. We report a single surgeon’s experience with 100 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies.
A study of metadata element co‐occurrence

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the internet web page metadata usage behavior in terms of their metadata element co‐occurrences. Metadata are designed to facilitate both web publishers/authors to organize their web pages and search engines to index the web pages accurately.Design/methodology/approach – This study examines the types of metadata elements employed by different professional groups of web authors, the number of elements they prefer to use, and the types of element combinations they typically embed in their pages' HTML code.Findings – The findings reveal that the “keyword” and “description” elements were the most popular single elements. The most popular combination of two elements was that of “keyword and description”. Very few authors included combinations of five elements. This study also shows that preferences for element combinations varied by domains.Originality/value – This approach will enhance the current understanding of metadata usage behavior and may help search engine desi...
The Resveratrol Derivative Piceatannol Alters the Conformation of Alzheimer's Disease Associated Aβ Protein Aggregates

Epidemiological evidence suggests that moderate red wine intake is associated with a reduction of risk in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Together with the fact that natural polyphenol resveratrol is highly abundant in red wine, it is speculated that resveratrol and its derivatives may play a role in preventing the progression of AD. This study investigated the behavior of resveratrol and its derivatives, piceatannol, oxyresveratrol and piceid in interacting with AD associated protein Aβ peptides whose aggregation is hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.The inhibitory capability of resveratrol and derivatives toward Aβ monomer aggregation was evaluated using dot blotting with LOC antibody, which binds to amyloid aggregate fibril structure. Piceatannol exhibited a significant 90% decrease of LOC recognized amyloid aggregate β structure. In contrast, other compounds elicited only a modest effect. TEM images reveal that this decrease is a result of changes in fibril structure. Moreover, piceatannol is able to induce morphology changes in pre-formed Aβ aggregates. When inhibition of the early stages of aggregation was examined using an oligomerization assay that employs SDS-PAGE and Western blot to determine the quantity and size of oligomers formed. None of the compounds are effective inhibitors at this stage of aggregation. Thus, the morphology changes induced by piceatannol occur post oligomerization.Finally, to assess the impact of Aβ aggregates’ morphology on neurotoxicity, a neuronal apoptosis assay was used to assess the toxicity of morphology-altered aggregates. Together, results suggests piceatannol to be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Forced-Choice Test of Response Bias for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This article describes the development and preliminary validation of the Morel Emotional Numbing Test for PTSD (MENT), a forced-choice test for detecting response bias in assessments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The differences in MENT error rates among four groups of military veterans applying for monetary compensation for combat-related PTSD and two groups of hospitalized military veterans were investigated (N = 102): (a) disability claimants with veritable self-presentations, who were diagnosed with PTSD; (b) disability claimants with veritable self-presentations, who were not diagnosed with PTSD; (c) older disability claimants (age 63 or older) with veritable self-presentations; (d) disability claimants with suspect self-presentations; (e) chemical-dependent inpatients; and (f) schizophrenic inpatients. Veritable versus suspect grouping among disability claimants was determined by examining MMPI-2F-K dissimulation index scores. The results indicated that the suspect group produced more er...
Analytical Reliability Analysis of 3D NoC under TSV Failure

The network-on-chip (NoC) technology allows for integration of a manycore design on a single chip for higher efficiency and scalability. Three-dimensional (3D) NoCs offer several advantages over two-dimensional (2D) NoCs. Through-silicon via (TSV) technology is one of the candidates for implementation of 3D NoCs. TSV reliability analysis is still challenging for 3D NoC designers because of their unique electrical, thermal, and physical characteristics. After providing an overview of common TSV issues, this article aims to define a reliability criterion for NoC and provide a framework for quantifying this reliability as it relates to TSV issues. TSV issues are modeled as a time-invariant failure probability. Also, a reliability criterion for TSV-based NoC is defined. The relationship between NoC reliability and TSV failure is quantified. For the first time, the reliability criterion is reduced to a tractable closed-form expression that requires a single Monte Carlo simulation. Importantly, the Monte Carlo simulation depends only on network geometry. To demonstrate our proposed method, the reliability criterion of a simple 8×8×8 NoC supported by an 8×8×7 network of TSVs is calculated.
Pathophysiology of neurally mediated syncope: Role of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance

Syncope is a common clinical condition occurring even in otherwise healthy people without underlying cardiovascular disease. Neurally mediated syncope is by far the most common cause of syncope in individuals without any structural heart disease. Based on traditional wisdom, loss of sympathetic tone with relaxation of vascular smooth muscle is the key mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of syncope, especially in patients without an acute decrease in heart rate. However, this concept has recently been challenged. Some microneurographic studies indicate that sympathetic withdrawal may not always be a prerequisite even for the development of classic "vasodepressor" forms of syncope. Conversely, a decrease in cardiac output appears to be a determinant factor for syncope in most circumstances. This article reviews the relative contribution of cardiac output versus sympathetic vasoconstriction in neurally mediated syncope in otherwise healthy individuals. It is suggested that a moderate to severe fall in cardiac output with or without vasodilatation may contribute to syncope.
Sarcomas of the hand and foot: Analysis of local control and functional result with combined modality therapy in extremity preservation

Abstract Purpose : The records of 28 patients with sarcomas of the hand and foot treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) between 1977 and 1992 were reviewed to assess local control and functional results. Methods and Materials : Histologic types included 15 cases of the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors, 7 cases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and 6 cases of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. Median age of all patients was 18 years (range 4–61), with a median potential follow-up of 114 months following diagnosis. Surgery varied from incisional biopsies for Ewing's Sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma lesions to complete excision when possible for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma lesions. Amputation was not primarily performed, except in two patients who underwent ray resections of hand lesions (patients 13 and 24). Radiotherapy generally consisted of 50 Gy/25 fractions (fx)/5 weeks for Ewing's Sarcoma, 54 Gy/30 fx/6 weeks for rhabdomyosarcoma, and 63 Gy/35 fx/7 weeks for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. Chemotherapy was administered on various NCI protocols. Results : Actuarial local control for Ewing's Sarcoma was 84% at 5 and 10 years. All but one survivor are capable of hand/foot function for routine activities without orthotic requirements. Five of six patients (83%) who died of metastatic disease had functional distal extremities. Actuarial local control for rhabdomyosarcomas was 100% at 5 years, with similar function. Three patients (60%) died of distant disease progression with functional distal extremities. Five-year actuarial local control for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas was 100%, with equivalent function. No patient developed a second malignancy in the treatment field. Conclusions : Although equivalent local control may be achieved in these lesions with either amputation or radiotherapy, a prudent management course would be to defer amputation for management of local recurrences. Many patients with these lesions fail in distant sites only and die without local failure. For these patients and for those who remain long-term survivors, we believe a functional hand and foot provides a better quality of life than a prosthesis.
Protein crystal growth in space, past and future

Abstract The Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering (CBSE) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham has performed protein crystal growth experiments on more than 39 US space shuttle missions. Results from these experiments have clearly demonstrated that the microgravity environment is beneficial in that a number of proteins crystallized were larger and of higher quality than their Earth-grown counterparts. Improvement in crystal quality is judged by analysis of ultimate diffraction resolution, individual peak mosaicity, and electron density maps. There are now a number of protein crystals that exhibited resolution improvements of 0.5–1.5 A. Mosaicity studies revealed dramatic decreases in peak widths for the microgravity-grown crystals. These microgravity results plus data from a variety of other investigators have stimulated various space agencies to support fundamental studies in macromolecular crystal growth processes. The CBSE has devoted substantial effort toward the development of dynamically controlled crystal growth systems which allow scientists to optimize crystallization parameters on Earth or in space. These systems enable monitoring and control of the approach to nucleation and post-nucleation growth phases, thereby dramatically improving the crystal size and X-ray diffraction characteristics. The CBSE is currently designing a complete crystallographic laboratory for the International Space Station including: a crystal growth rack, which will support a variety of crystallization hardware systems; an X-ray diffraction rack for crystal characterization or a complete X-ray data set collection; and robotically controlled crystal harvesting/cryopreservation systems that can be operated with minimal crew time via telerobotic and/or robotic procedures. Key elements of the X-ray system include unique X-ray focusing technology combined with a lightweight, low-power source. The X-ray detection system is based on commercial CCD-based technology. This paper will describe the X-ray facility envisioned for the International Space Station.
Media Review: Transformative Learning Through Engagement: Student Affairs Practice as Experiential Pedagogy

(2014). Media Review: Transformative Learning Through Engagement: Student Affairs Practice as Experiential Pedagogy. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 106-108.
Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part II: Comparison of Non-Developing versus Developing Systems

Abstract The thermodynamic and dynamic fields surrounding the composite tropical weather systems described in Part I (McBride, 1981a) are examined for differences between non-developing and developing systems. The main findings are as follows: (i) Both non-developing and developing systems are warm core in the upper levels. The temperature (and height) gradients are more pronounced in the developing system, but the magnitudes are so small that the differences would be difficult to measure for individual systems. (ii) The developing or pre-typhoon cloud cluster exists in a warmer atmosphere over a large horizontal scale, for example, out to 8° latitude radius in all directions. (iii) There is no obvious difference in vertical stability for moist convection between the systems. (iv) There is no obvious difference in moisture content or moisture gradient. (v) Pre-typhoon and pre-hurricane systems are located in large areas of high values of low-level relative vorticity. The low-level vorticity in the vicinit...
Binding of organophosphate insecticides to lecithin: A proton magnetic resonance study

Abstract The interaction of four vinyl-type organophosphate insecticides with a phospholipid lecithin has been studied by proton magnetic resonance technique. The vinyl proton of organophosphate showed a low field chemical shift change when lecithin was added to a CCl 4 solution of the former. When organophosphate insecticide was added to a dilute solution of lecithin the choline protons peak also showed small chemical shift changes. These chemical shift changes suggest that the most probable binding site in the interaction involves a hydrogen bond formation between the vinyl proton and oxygen atom of phosphatidyl group of lecithin. Chemical shift data has been used to calculate the equilibrium constant of the interaction.
Nanomanufacturing by layer-by-layer assembly - from nanoscale coating to device applications

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is emerging as a key nanomanufacturing technique that is finding a broad range of applications. It is a versatile, simple, and easy to use technique, allowing the realization of novel nanometer-scale multi-layered materials and structures that can be made to have highly desirable properties, including chemical, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, and optical. The present paper discusses the LbL assembly technique and its applications, including for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) (in combination with microfabrication), for biocompatible coating, for nanoengineered capsules, for pulp microfibre nanocoating to obtain better paper, and for polymer-based electronic devices.
X-ray diffraction studies on cation-collapsed DNA

Abstract The polyamines spermidine, spermine and putrescine are now known to induce tertiary collapse of DNA. In this collapsed state DNA assumes a compact toroidal conformation. However, the structural details of DNA in these compact particles and the forces that stabilize the collapsed state are not clear. We show here that the structural arrangement of DNA in this tertiary conformation is determined by the chemical structure of the agent used to collapse. We have used aliphatic triamines (NH3+-(CH2)3-NH2+-(CH2)n-NH3+ with n = 3, 4, 5 and 8) and diamines (NH3+-(CH2)x-NH3+ with x = 2, 3, 4 and 6) to collapse DNA. We find that the Bragg spacing and the calculated interhelical spacing for a hexagonal packing model vary systematically with the length of the methylene bridge. We also find that the ionic strength of the solution has no effect on the Bragg spacing. This observation suggests that the arrangement of DNA strands in the complexes is determined by the structure of the polycation, and argues against suggestions that the structure of the collapsed state is maintained by the balance of long-range electrostatic repulsive and attractive forces. Instead we propose that DNA helices form a hexagonal array with counterions in the interstices between the helices resulting in a stable three-dimensional phase with high structural order. Arguments are presented favoring such a model in terms of stabilizing and destabilizing thermodynamic forces.
A methodology for solving chemical equilibrium systems

This paper describes a methodology for solving chemical equilibrium systems. The methodology is especially appropriate when many systems with the same structure must be solved quickly, as in finite-difference models of fluid flow and combustion. The approach features identifying a ''canonical form'' for such systems and exploiting this canonical form to effect a preliminary algebraic reduction. Then numerical scaling and iterative solution techniques are evoked. Both homotopy continuation and a variant of Newton's method are effective solution methods. This methodology is a significant advance over previous approaches to solving chemical equilibrium systems. The problem of solving such systems has heretofore been regarded as challenging; solution techniques have tended to emphasize case-by-case analyses and hit-or-miss numerical methods. We show that the problem can be solved by a unified approach, quickly and reliably.
A root cause analysis interface for error reporting

We describe a web-based interface that facilitates entering and analyzing medical errors. It uses an interactive causal tree-building component. The interactive component allows a user to build a causal tree with any number of events and antecedents. This replaces a form-based approach that is limited to a predetermined number of events and antecedents. After the causal tree is completed, the user can save the tree to a database. Causal trees can be retrieved and rebuilt as well. We developed an algorithm that, given a data bank of reported errors, will help detect similar events. This facilitates recognizing patterns of errors.
The past, present and future of crop genetic modification

The introduction of science and technology into agriculture over the past two centuries has markedly increased agricultural productivity and decreased its labor-intensiveness. Chemical fertilization, mechanization, plant breeding and molecular genetic modification (GM) have contributed to unparalleled productivity increases. Future increases are far from assured because of underinvestment in agricultural research, growing population pressure, decreasing fresh water availability, increasing temperatures and societal rejection of GM crops in many countries.
Superconducting materials: superconductivity on the verge of catastrophe.

A new study suggests that the highest transition temperatures in cuprate superconductors occur when the materials are on the edge of instability to another, non-superconducting, ordered 'stripe' phase.
Thrombectomy reduces the systemic complications in device-related right atrial septic thrombosis

Background Septic thrombosis of the right atrium is an unusual complication associated with the use of indwelling devices. The optimal management of this condition is unclear. Our experience with a patient with hemodialysis catheter-related septic thrombosis of the right atrium illustrates the difficulties associated with this condition. Objectives To determine the effects of surgical thrombectomy compared with nonsurgical treatment with antibiotics (with or without anticoagulation) on mortality rates and complications in patients with device-related septic thrombosis of the right atrium. Methods A retrospective analysis of all reported cases of devicerelated right heart septic thrombosis in which therapy and outcome were reported was conducted using a PubMed search in the English-language literature (1985 to 2006). Results Forty cases of device-related right atrial septic thromboses were reported in the literature during the chosen time period. The treatments administered were none (12.5%), antibiotics (12.5%), antibiotics and anticoagulation (20%), and thrombectomy (55%). The mean clot size was significantly larger in patients who underwent thrombectomy. All untreated patients died. Excluding the untreated patients from the analysis, systemic complications were significantly lower in the thrombectomy group than in the groups receiving nonsurgical therapies. Using multivariate modelling with survival as the primary outcome, age, sex, clot size, clot location, microbial organism or type of treatment were not predictive of the outcome. Conclusion Device-related right atrial septic thrombosis is associated with significant mortality and is uniformly fatal if untreated. Surgical thrombectomy is associated with less frequent systemic complications. A well-designed prospective, randomized trial is needed to determine the optimal treatment of this condition.
Hypothalamic hamartoma: basic mechanisms of intrinsic epileptogenesis.

The hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare developmental malformation commonly associated with gelastic seizures that are notoriously refractory to medical therapy. Recent evidence supports the intrinsic seizure propensity of HH. Despite increasing clinical recognition of this condition, the mechanisms of seizure genesis in HH tissue remain unclear. This review summarizes the histochemical and electrophysiological properties of HH neurons, and relates these findings to those characteristics identified in other types of epileptic tissue. Initial studies have revealed two distinct populations of neurons in surgically resected HH tissue. One group consisted of small γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing neurons that occurred principally in clusters and displayed spontaneous rhythmic firing. The second group was composed of large, quiescent, pyramidal-like neurons with more extensive dendritic and axonal arborization. We propose that the small, spontaneously firing GABAergic neurons send inhibitory projections to and drive the synchrony of large output neurons. These observations constitute the basis for future investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of subcortical epileptogenesis.
Observations of free oscillation amplitude anomalies

In a frequency domain analysis of long-period seismic data, observations of free oscillation excitation amplitudes are required in addition to frequency shifts to constrain odd-degree aspherical earth structure. To determine the feasibility of incorporating such data into large-scale inversions, we have undertaken a preliminary analysis of the observed amplitudes of fundamental spheroidal mode multiplets oSl with 26 ≤ l ≤ 43 using seismograms recorded by the IDA network. For many records, the amplitudes may be significantly better fit by allowing for a systematic shift of the theoretical spherical earth nodal lines either toward or away from the epicenter. In the great-circular geometrical optics approximation, this spatial phase shift of the amplitude pattern can be asymptotically represented in terms of the minor arc integral of δωlocal — along the source-receiver path. Results from common source-receiver paths indicate consistent sampling of the structure underlying these paths. For a number of paths, the results differ significantly from the theoretical predictions of model M84A of Woodhouse and Dziewonski.
Hypophysectomy promotes gastric lesions in rats

Much research suggests that hypophysectomy renders an animal especially vulnerable to the effects of stress. In this experiment hypophysectomized rats were found to be much more susceptible to restraint-produced gastric lesions than were sham-operated controls (4.5 vs. 0 mean lesions). Concurrent behavioral measures of nociception did not distinguish between the two groups.
Total joint arthroplasty in patients with hepatitis C.

Background: Hepatitis C is present worldwide. Little is known about the outcome of joint arthroplasty in asymptomatic patients with hepatitis C. We evaluated the surgical complications following hip and knee arthroplasty in patients who were seropositive for hepatitis C in a matched study. Methods: Seventy-one patients with hepatitis C underwent forty total hip arthroplasties and thirty-two total knee arthroplasties from 1995 to 2006. The patients had normal preoperative liver function tests. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis B, and hemophilia were excluded. A control group was matched in a 2:1 ratio with the hepatitis-C group for age, body-mass index, sex, year of surgery, and medical comorbidities, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and immunosuppressive conditions. Results: In the group of patients with hepatitis C who were managed with total hip arthroplasty, six patients (15%) had wound complications requiring oral antibiotics or wound irrigation and debridement and four hips (10%) had mechanical complications, including implant loosening or dislocation. In the control group, three patients (3.8%) had wound complications requiring oral antibiotics or irrigation and debridement and three patients (3.8%) had mechanical complications, including dislocation, periprosthetic femoral fracture, and implant failure. In the group of patients with hepatitis C who underwent total knee arthroplasty, three patients (9.4%) had mechanical complications, including loosening and periprosthetic fracture requiring revision. In the control group, three patients (4.7%) had wound complications, one (1.6%) had a deep infection requiring two-stage revision, and one (1.6%) underwent revision because of a mechanical problem. The combined hepatitis-C group had significantly longer hospital stays and higher rates of surgical and mechanical complications, reoperation, and revision. Conclusions: Patients with hepatitis C undergoing joint arthroplasty had a higher rate of surgical complications and a longer hospital stay. The reason for the higher rate of complications in this group of patients is unknown, and further investigation is needed. Patients with hepatitis C should be counseled about the potential for a higher incidence of postoperative complications prior to undergoing joint arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The use of transcriptomic biomarkers for personalized medicine

Microarrays are a high throughput technology that allows the quantification of tens of thousands of RNA transcripts in a single reaction. This new technology offers the promise of comprehensive study of disease at a genomic level, potentially identifying novel molecular abnormalities, developing novel clinical biomarkers, and investigating drug efficacy. The ability to develop a molecular profile corresponding to a therapeutic effect is the basis for the concept of drug repositioning. With regard to prediction of clinical events, microarray technology has the potential to contribute to the development of sophisticated new biomarkers useful as predictors of disease etiology, outcome, and responsiveness to therapy-so-called personalized medicine. Currently progress in the field is hampered by a degree of skepticism about the reliability of microarray data and its relevance for clinical applications. Here we discuss possible pitfalls of transcriptomic analysis, review current developments in the cardiovascular area and address the use of transcriptomics for clinical applications.
Is there a viable alternative to ordinary least squares regression when security abnormal returns are the dependent variable

Regression analysis is often used to estimate a linear relationship between security abnormal returns and firm-specific variables. If the abnormal returns are caused by a common event (i.e., there is “event clustering”) the error term of the cross-sectional regression will be heteroskedastic and correlated across observations. The size and power of alternative test statistics for the event clustering case has been evaluated under ideal conditions (Monte Carlo experiments using normally distributed synthetic security returns) by Chandra and Balachandran (J Finance 47:2055–2070, 1992) and Karafiath (J Financ Quant Anal 29(2):279–300, 1994). Harrington and Shrider (J Financ Quant Anal 42(1):229–256, 2007) evaluate cross-sectional regressions using actual (not simulated) stock returns only for the case of cross-sectional independence, i.e., in the absence of clustering. In order to evaluate the event clustering case, random samples of security returns are drawn from the data set provided by the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) and the empirical distributions of alternative test statistics compared. These simulations include a comparison of OLS, WLS, GLS, two heteroskedastic-consistent estimators, and a bootstrap test for GLS. In addition, the Sefcik and Thompson (J Accounting Res 24(2):316–334, 1986) portfolio counterparts to OLS, WLS, and GLS, are evaluated. The main result from these simulations is none of the other estimator shows clear advantages over OLS or WLS. Researchers should be aware, however, that in these simulations the variance of the error term in the cross-sectional regression is unrelated to the explanatory variable.
577 LIPID INTAKE DURING THE SUCKLING PERIOD REGULATES GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN THE DEVELOPING RAT INTESTINE

577 LIPID INTAKE DURING THE SUCKLING PERIOD REGULATES GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN THE DEVELOPING RAT INTESTINE
Biochemical studies of chick brain development and maturation: II. Alterations in the mechanisms of cell-free protein synthesis

Abstract The molecular mechanisms responsible for the decreased cell-free protein synthetic activity of chicken brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, and optic lobes) from the late embryonic stage to the adult stage were investigated. The changes in polyribosome content closely paralleled changes in cell-free protein synthetic activity; both increased during late embryonic development, reached a maximum around hatching, and thereafter decreased to the level found in the adult. Both cell sap and microsomal or ribosomal fractions from the adult brain tissue were less active in protein synthesis; however, the microsomal or ribosomal fractions contributed more to the decreased protein synthesis that did the cell sap. The lower activity of adult cell sap in protein synthesis was primarily due to a decreased activity in the aminoacylation of tRNA with no apparent change in the ability of the cell sap to catalyze the elongation of polyphenylalanine synthesis. Ribosomal particles (80 S) from adult and embryonic brain tissue had similar biological activities and fidelity in the translation of polyuridylic acid; however, the cell-free protein synthetic activity of the embryonic post-mitochondrial supernatant preparation was more sensitive to inhibitors of the initiation of protein synthesis (aurintricarboxylic acid and polyinosinic acid) than adult post-mitochondrial supernatant, indicating a decreased initiation capacity in adult brain post-mitochondrial supernatant compared to embryonic brain post-mitochondrial supernatant.
Photoaffinity labeling of the glucagon receptor with a new glucagon analog.

The preparation, purification and characterization of N-4-azidophenylamidinoglucagon are described. This photoreactive peptide was found to be 50% as potent as native glucagon in competing with 125I-labeled glucagon for binding to glucagon receptors on rat liver plasma membranes. Similarly, the analog was 50% as potent as native glucagon in its ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase. The photoreactive glucagon analog was radioiodinated to high specific activity with iodine-125 and was used to label rat liver plasma membrane proteins. Analysis of labeled membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed covalent incorporation predominantly into a protein of relative molecular mass, Mr, of 50000–60000. Occasionally a protein of Mr 170000–180000 was also labeled. Irradiation of membranes in the presence of unlabeled glucagon or GTP selectively inhibited the labeling of the 50000–60000-Mr protein(s). As a result of these studies we suggest that the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-dissociated glucagon receptor is a 50000–60000-Mr protein.
Growing Up and Growing Older

Americans are living longer than ever before. A child born today can expect to live 80 years, 90 years, or longer. Many of today's children will live to be centenarians. Aging education to prepare people for the long life ahead has been endorsed since the first White House Conference on Aging in 1961. However, little is happening with aging education in our homes, schools, and communities. This article discusses the school nurse's role in helping to prepare children for the long life ahead of them and presents aging education resources and activities. School nurses can help to create a generation of Americans who value older adults, have positive attitudes about aging, and plan for successful healthy aging.
Theory of enzymatic reverse-protonation catalysis

Abstract Consideration of the requirements for realization of concurrent acid-base catalysis, together with the consequences of differential binding energy for enzyme-substrate complexes within kinetically equivalent protonation states, provides an indication of a general mechanism for promotion of substrate conversion at enzyme active sites.
Fluorescence Measurements of OH in a Turbulent Flame

Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to measure OH concentration probability density functions (PDFs) in a turbulent premixed flame. The methane-air flame is stabilized on a rod flame holder located downstream of a turbulence producing grid. Measurements in both the streamwise and transverse directions have been made for a variety of flow conditions. The PDFs display a single peaked behavior throughout the flame, with the broadest structure in the center of the flame. A simple limit analysis shows that the observed behavior of the PDF is consistent with expected behavior for an intermediate radical specie over the range of flame, optical, and turbulence length scales present in our experiment. HE study of turbulent premixed flames traditionally has been limited by a lack of experimental data that could be of help in closing the governing equations. In recent years, much work has focused on the use of probability density distribution functions (PDFs) of the dependent variables in an attempt to close the turbulent transport equations in a way amenable to experimental verification. It has been shown that a knowledge of PDFs can often greatly simplify the closure problem and lead to practical numerical schemes for predicting flame behavior. Until now, work has focused on the passive scalars tem- perature or reaction progress variable. Little has been done to incorporate more realistic chemical kinetics into an ex- perimentally verifiable theory. Since we have the capability of making spatially and temporally resolved OH concentration measurements using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, we felt that measurement of OH PDFs in a turbulent premixed flame would provide both useful data and a feasibility test for the experimental technique. Concurrently with making the measurements, we have been working on a theoretical model of our flow. To be reported on in detail elsewhere, the model treats reaction kinetics in a two- step mechanism: R-+I and /HP, where reactants R form intermediates / which react to form products P. The con- servation equations are then, cast in a form which leads to integrodifferential transport equations for the probability density of each specie. The reactant, intermediate, and product pools are chosen based on the kinetic modeling of Guirgius et al., 1 who show that OH can be used as a representative specie for the intermediate pool. Thus a measurement of OH PDFs would provide useful data for direct verification of an analytic model. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) involves the selective excitation of a chemical specie of interest and detection of the resulting fluorescence signal.2 Under suitable conditions the fluorescence signal resulting from a molecule such as OH can be shown to remain linearly related to con- centration over the temperature and mixture variation found in a turbulent flame. Because the focal volume formed at the intersection of the laser beam and collection optics can be quite small, spatial resolution on the order of 0.3 mm is easy to obtain. Furthermore, excitation with a pulsed laser of 1 />ts
Serine Residues in the Cytosolic Tail of the T-cell Antigen Receptor α-Chain Mediate Ubiquitination and Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of the Unassembled Protein

The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) α-chain (TCRα) is a type I integral membrane protein that becomes ubiquitinated and targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway when it fails to assemble into the heteromeric TCR complex. Remarkably, TCRα has a cytosolic tail of only five amino acid residues (i.e. RLWSS), none of which is the conventional ubiquitin acceptor, lysine. Herein we report that substitution of two conserved serine residues in the cytosolic tail of TCRα to alanine decreased ubiquitination, whereas placement of additional serine residues enhanced it. Moreover, replacement of the cytosolic serine residues by other ubiquitinatable residues (i.e. cysteine, threonine, or lysine) allowed ubiquitination to take place. Serine-dependent ubiquitination perfectly correlated with targeting of TCRα for ERAD. We also found that this ubiquitination was mediated by the ER-localized ubiquitin ligase, HRD1. These findings indicate that serine-dependent, HRD1-mediated ubiquitination targets TCRα to the ERAD pathway.
Navajo World View and Culture Patterns of Speech: A Case Study in Ethnorhetoric.

Using ethnographic literature on the Navajo, an attempt was made to describe Navajo ideas about rhetoric. The purpose of such description was to discover the Navajo conception of rhetoric and to determine whether that conception shows significant culture patterning. The inquiry begins with an exposition of certain features of Navajo ethnophilosophy, including metaphysical, epistemological, and psychological beliefs. It is concluded that while the Navajo present no written theory, their discourse is governed by principles of right and strategic action. These principles are related to Navajo conceptions of the nature of man, ways of knowing, and the nature of truth, and they are evidence of distinct culture patterning.
INSECTICIDE INHIBITION OF GROWTH AND PATULIN PRODUCTION BY Penicillium Urticae

Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of insecticides from selected chemical groups on growth and patulin production by P. urticae at a concentration of 1, 10 and 100 mg/liter(ppm). The organophosphate insecticides Naled and Dichlorvos inhibited patulin production by 100 and 89%, respectively, at the 100 mg/liter concentration. Variable inhibitory activities were ascribed to the organophosphate insecticides Malathion and Diazinon® which inhibited patulin production by O-52% at the 100 mg/liter concentration. The carbamate insecticides Landrin® and Sevin® inhibited patulin production by 85 and 100% and completely inhibited sporulation at the 100 mg/liter concentration; however, they did not inhibit growth of P. urticae significantly. Inhibition of growth and sporulation by other insecticides varied and was not significant at the 1 and 10 mg/liter concentration.
Scorpion toxins targeted against the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-release channel of skeletal and cardiac muscle

Abstract We report the purification of two peptides, called "imperatoxin inhibitor" and "imperatoxin activator," from the venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator targeted against ryanodine receptor Ca(2+)-release channels. Imperatoxin inhibitor has a M(r) of approximately 10,500, inhibits [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum with an ED50 of approximately 10 nM, and blocks openings of skeletal and cardiac Ca(2+)-release channels incorporated into planar bilayers. In whole-cell recordings of cardiac myocytes, imperatoxin inhibitor decreased twitch amplitude and intracellular Ca2+ transients, suggesting a selective blockade of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Imperatoxin activator has a M(r) of approximately 8700, stimulates [3H]ryanodine binding in skeletal but not cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum with an ED50 of approximately 6 nM, and activates skeletal but not cardiac Ca(2+)-release channels. These ligands may serve to selectively "turn on" or "turn off" ryanodine receptors in fragmented systems and whole cells.
Methods to determine solubility parameters of polymers at high temperature using inverse gas chromatography

Experimental values of Flory–Huggins parameters, χ, between polymers and probes, are frequently used to determine the solubility parameters of the polymers by the method of DiPaola–Baranyi and Guillet. The solubility parameters of probes were usually estimated by using heat of vaporization. When χ is measured at a temperature near the critical temperature of the probes and used to determine the solubility parameter of polymers, the departure of enthalpy of the probe vapor from the ideal gas state should be considered. This study discussed the method to make the correction and its effect on the determination solubility parameter of polymers. Without correction in the vapor phase enthalpy, the solubility parameters of the probes and polymer tend to be underestimated and the error increases when the critical temperature is approaching. Analytical expressions for the effect of correction on the solubility parameter of probes and parameters of polymers were derived. By use of probes with a range of solubility parameters on both sides of the solubility parameter of polymers, the correlation between parameters of polymers was shown to be reduced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1547–1555, 2004
Envelope representations for screened Coulomb potentials.

We study the discrete eigenvalues ${E}_{\mathrm{nl}}$ of the Schr\"odinger Hamiltonian H=-(1/2)\ensuremath{\Delta}+V(r), where V(r)=g(-1/r) is an increasing concave transformation of the Coulomb potential, and n is the principal (radial) quantum number. It is demonstrated by the method of potential envelopes that upper bounds are provided by the simple formula ${E}_{\mathrm{nl}}$\ensuremath{\le} ${\mathrm{min}}_{\mathrm{s}g0}$ {(1/2)s+V((n+l)/${\mathrm{s}}^{1/2}$)}, where s is a real variable. Numerical results are compared with previous work for two specific screened Coulomb potentials. In the case of the Yukawa potential V(r)=-(v/r)exp(-\ensuremath{\lambda}r), it is shown that the inequality (n+l${)}^{2}$\ensuremath{\lambda}/v2/e is sufficient to guarantee the existence of the eigenvalue ${E}_{\mathrm{nl}}$: In the case of S states, sharp upper and lower bounds are also provided by a different method.
Sonographic diagnosis of traumatic gallbladder rupture.

Callbladder injuries after blunt abdominal trauma are rare and often follow a vague and insidious clinical course. Consequently, gallbladder injuries commonly go undiagnosed until exploratory laparotomy. 1 Early diagnosis is essential, because trauma to the gallbladder is typically treated surgically, and delay in treatment can result in considerable mortality and morbidity. 2,3 With sonography emerging as a first-line modality for evaluation of intra-abdominal trauma, sonographers may wish to become more familiar with the appearance of gallbladder injury on sonography to facilitate earlier diagnosis and to improve treatment and prognosis. We report a case of gallbladder perforation after blunt abdominal trauma diagnosed on the basis of computed tomography (CT) and sonography.
CARRY TRADE: THE GAINS OF DIVERSIFICATION

Market participants routinely take advantage of the failure of uncovered interest rate parity to speculate in currency markets. Perhaps the most widely used currency speculation strategy is the carry trade. In this article we take the perspective of an individual currency trader and document the gains to diversifying the carry trade across different currencies. We show that these gains are large. Diversification boosts the typical Sharpe ratio by over 50%.
Has the analgesic efficacy of neurolytic celiac plexus block been demonstrated in pancreatic cancer pain

Cancer of the pancreas is rising in incidence and will strike 27,000 Americans this year. There is no curative therapy for most patients, so palliation of symptoms should be the prime concern. Severe pain is very common, and often difficult to treat. Neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) is claimed by some to be the most effective way to treat pancreatic cancer pain (PCP), yet only a minority of patients undergo this procedure. We have reviewed the literature on NCPB to determine if it has been adequately evaluated in the management of PCP. There have been 15 published series since 1964 on NCPB for PCP. A total of 480 patients with cancer of the pancreas were reported; at least a satisfactory response to NCPB was reported in 418 (87%). We found major deficiencies in these reports. None described the pre-NCPB analgesic history. Post-NCPB data were also limited. No information was given concerning post-NCPB analgesic dosages, and only 4 series stated that most patients did not require opiates. Information on whether NCPB was effective until death was lacking or incomplete in 12 series. Many claimed additional benefits of NCPB such as decreased nausea, decreased constipation, and increased appetite, but none provided any data to support these claims. We conclude that the data available on NCPB for PCP are insufficient to judge for efficacy, long-term morbidity, or cost effectiveness, and rigorous evaluation of the technique is required.
Impact of jammers on the CRLB of the SOI estimation

From the forging figures, we can generally come to the following conclusions (1) The strength of a jammer will not influence much on CRLB of the absolute amplitude of the SOI. (2) The arriving direction of a jammer has impact on the CRLB of the absolute amplitude of the SOI. The nearer its arriving angle is to that of the SOI, the larger the impact will be and consequentially, the estimated solution will be worse. (3) The quantity of incoming jammers also has impact on the CRLB of the absolute amplitude of the SOI. More jammers coherent with the SOI, the larger the impact will be and consequentially, the estimated solution will be worse. (4) No matter how affected the CRLB is by jammers, we can always diminish this effect by increasing the number of antenna elements. It is because more receiving elements will produce more accurate estimation results. Although we focus only on the CRLB of the absolute amplitude of the SOI, we can reach similar conclusions on the CRLB of other parameters of the SOI such as its initial phase and arriving direction, which are not discussed in this paper.
Moralizing emotion: A breakdown in Thailand

Emotional practices serve as privileged sites for moral action in a Buddhist community in Northern Thailand. In this article I draw out some of the theoretical implications of this emphasis for the...