cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women Modernists and Fascism

Modernism both influenced and was fascinated by the rhetorical and aesthetic manifestations of fascism. In examining how four artists and writers represented fascist leaders, Annalisa Zox-Weaver aims to achieve a more complex understanding of the modernist political imagination. She examines how photographer Lee Miller, filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, writer Gertrude Stein and journalist Janet Flanner interpret, dramatize and exploit Hitler, Goring and Petain. Within their own artistic medium, each of these modernists explore confrontations between private and public identity, and historical narrative and the construction of myth. This study makes use of extensive archival material, such as letters, photographs, journals, unpublished manuscripts and ephemera, and includes ten illustrations. This interdisciplinary perspective opens up wider discussions of the relationship between artists and dictators, modernism and fascism, and authority and representation.
Regulation of Type II Responses in Lung Fibrosis and Systemic Autoimmunity: A Dissertation

Preclinical models of lupus indicate that T cell-B cell collaboration drives antinuclear antibody (ANA) production and sustains T cell activation. Autoreactive B lymphocytes are present in the normal repertoire but persist as ignorant or anergic cells. Mechanisms that normally limit T cell activation of autoreactive B cells remain incompletely resolved, but potentially include the absence of autoreactive effector T cell subsets and/or the presence of autoAgspecific regulatory T cells (Tregs). Several studies have addressed this issue by using experimental systems dependent on transgenic autoreactive B cells, but much less is known about the activation of autoreactive B cells present in a polyclonal repertoire. In the second chapter of this thesis, I have explored the role of effector T cells and Tregs using mice that express an inducible pseudoautoAg expressed on B cells and other antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this system, activated Th2 cells, but not naive T cells, elicit the production of ANAs, but ANA production is severely limited by autoAg-specific Tregs. Bone marrow chimera experiments further demonstrated that this B cell activation is constrained by radioresistant autoantigen-expressing APCs (rAPC) present in the thymus as well as by non-hematopoietic stromal cells located in peripheral lymphoid tissue. Importantly, peripheral rAPC expression of autoAg induced the expansion of a highly effective subset of CD62LCD69 Tregs. The third chapter of this thesis focuses on the contribution of CD8 T cells to fibrosis resulting from sterile lung injury. Type 2 effector production of IL-13 is v
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α contributes to regulation of autophagy in retinal detachment

Photoreceptor (PR) cells receive oxygen and nutritional support from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Retinal detachment results in PR hypoxia and their time-dependent death. Detachment also activates autophagy within the PR, which serves to reduce the rate of PR apoptosis. In this study, we test the hypothesis that autophagy activation in the PR results, at least in part, from the detachment-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Retina-RPE separation was created in Brown-Norway rats and C57BL/6J mice by injection of 1% hyaluronic acid into the subretinal space. Retinas were harvested and assayed for HIF protein levels. Cultured 661W photoreceptor cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions and assayed for induction of HIF and autophagy. The requirement of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in regulating photoreceptor autophagy was tested using siRNA in vitro and in vivo. We observed increased levels of HIF-1α and HIF-2α within 1 day post-detachment, as well as increased levels of BNIP3, a downstream target of HIF-1α that contributes to autophagy activation. Exposing 661W cells to hypoxia resulted in increased HIF-1α and HIF-2α levels and increase in conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Silencing of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in LC3-II formation and increased cell death in 661W cells. Silencing of HIF-1α in rat retinas prevented the detachment-induced increase in BNIP3 and LC3-II, resulting in increased PR cell death. Our data support the hypothesis that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, serves as an early response signal to induce autophagy and reduce photoreceptor cell death.
Immunopathology of Bone and Connective Tissue Cancers and Immunotherapy of Sarcomas

Sarcomas have long been recognized as being responsive to manipulations of the immune system. Dating back to over a century ago, Coley’s toxin was one of the first forms of immunotherapy for the treatment of sarcoma. With advancements in molecular oncology and the identification of specific sarcoma antigens, direct experimentation has been made possible in a variety of preclinical animal models. Discoveries from the laboratory have led to novel immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of sarcoma which are rapidly evolving.
The Role of Supramolecular Chemistry in Responsive Vectors for Gene Delivery

The investigation of the self-assembly between nucleic acids and cationic molecules, such as lipids, polymers, or dendrimers, has guided and will continue to guide the development of nonviral vectors for gene delivery. By engineering these types of supramolecular complexes to facilitate the transport, protection, and release of DNA, scientists are working to overcome the barriers that have limited transfection efficiencies. Understanding the self-assembly of cationic lipids into liposomes or micelles, as well as studying the structure of their resulting complexes with DNA, is key to enhancing gene delivery research. This chapter discusses cationic lipid–DNA supramolecular structures, their role in gene transfection, and the synthesis and evaluation of new responsive cationic lipids which aim to control both the complexation and release of DNA. Keywords: DNA; gene delivery; lipoplex; liposome; transfection; responsive vector
Who buys American alligator

Abstract Consumers' perceptions of and attitudes toward a controversial product, American alligator leather accessories, were determined and the variables influencing consumers' purchase intention of the product were evaluated using the theory of reasoned behavior. Influence variables evaluated included attitude toward product, subjective norm, involvement (fashion involvement), controversy perception (perception of social acceptance and endangerment status of the American alligator), price perception (price–quality schema and prestige sensitivity), personality traits (self-confidence and self-consciousness), and demographics. A mail survey of 1771 affluent female consumers residing in eight U.S. metropolitan statistical areas resulted in 690 useable returns for a 39% response rate. Regression analysis revealed that attitude toward the product, subjective norm, controversy perception (social acceptance), personality trait (self-confidence), and education were significant determinants of purchase intention. The model proved to be effective in predicting purchase intention for a controversial product and supported the theory of reasoned behavior.
Definition of the Stochastic Integral

In this chapter, we shall define stochastic integrals of the form ∫[0, t] X dM where M is a right continuous local L 2-martingale and X is a process satisfying certain measurability and integrability assumptions, such that the family of stochastic integrals (∫[0, t] X dM, t ∈ ℝ+ is a right continuous local L 2-martingale. For certain M and X, the integral can be defined path-by-path.
Undercover as Sex Workers

Abstract This study was done to assess the attitudes and experiences of female vice police officers who pose as decoy prostitutes. Seven officers in the central Vice Unit in a large Mid-western city were interviewed. Two decoy officers were observed during one evening shift. Most of the officers described their work as interesting and used role playing to adopt the character of a prostitute. Dressing the part of a prostitute was not a problem, but speaking the language of the street was initially embarrassing. The female officers are not bothered by comments made by male officers as long as they occur within the work environment.
But to be learned is good if . . .

On Friday April fourth the second semi-annual spring covention of AMCAP was held at the LDS Institute at the University of Utah. The theme was taken from 2 Nephi 9:28-29: "O that cunning plan of the evil one! O the vainness, and the frailties, and the foolishness of men! When they are learned they think they are wise, and they hearken not unto the counsel of God, for they set it aside, supposing they know of themselves, wherefore, their wisdom is foolishness and it profiteth them not. And they shall perish. But to be learned is good if they hearken unto the counsels of God." The single, three hour program that followed Elder Featherstone's talk and breakfast focused on "Putting the two together--professional and religious life." The three presenters were asked to "deal with the hard questions--real cases with real dilemmas." Following are the edited transcripts of their talks. Discussion groups were held following their presentations in which participants responded to the issues raised by the speakers, then the entire group reconvened for reports from the discussion groups and responses from the presenters. A brief summary of this session follows the transcripts of the three talks. We trust that this report of the "mini-convention" will help us all deal more effectively with the hard questions, the real cases and the real dilemmas we face in our practice as Mormon counselors and psychotherapists and to remember that "to be learned is good if [we] hearken unto the counsels of God." --Ed
Being Dispassionate about the Passion of the Christ: A Response to Rikkwatts’s Review

Rikk Watts can catalogue his enjoyment of the film, The Passion, which has had mass appeal. But Mel Gibson’s unhistorical additions reveal a disturbing willingness to use repugnant anti-Semitic subtexts as well as violence to elicit moviegoers’ emotions. While Gibson may claim that it expresses his faith, the film seems less about art and personal faith than about what Hollywood does best— making money by sacrificing artistic integrity.
User-oriented approach to Web referral : Museo Mediator and the hyperguide for health prevention

Outlines the results of a research into new methods and tools to design and implement user‐oriented Web referral services for the Internet. Reports on a research project aimed to build a new indexing technique which integrates into a matrix model the experience in database searching and indexing capabilities with various new criteria derived from the use of the Internet. Emphasis is on the need of improving Web usability in specific domains. Proposes a descriptive methodology, named unified multiform context (CUM) to analyze different groups of Web sites. The CUM methodology led to different results. In the direction to improve the network secondary communication, qualified support comes from the legacy of information studies, which have developed the ability to extrapolate the information elements from heterogeneous information materials of different nature, to reorganise these elements in complex value added and dynamic systems and proactively to disseminate and communicate the results into a knowledge process. Internet referral is not a static thing but a life‐cycle process. It requires building a dynamic framework sensible to major variations and modifications: to this end it is vital to activate bilateral communication with the institutions whose Web site is considered an information resource for the library service.
On the Elasticity of Ionic Compounds under Hydrostatic Pressure

The pressure derivatives of the elastic constants of CsCl, NaCl, and ZnS lattices were calculated as functions of the difference in sizes of ions and the range of the repulsive forces. General conditions for the negative pressure dependence of the shear constants are examined. The agreement with the experimental results is reasonable, which indicates that the ion-size difference will have to be taken into account in all future considerations of the elastic properties of compounds. Die Druckableitungen der Elastizitatskonstanten der CsCl-, NaCl- und ZnS-Gitter wurden in Abhangigkeit vom Grosenunterschied der Ionen und der Reichweite der Abstosungskrafte berechnet. Allgemeine Bedingungen fur die Druckabhangigkeit der Schubkonstanten wurden untersucht. Die Ubereinstimmung mit experimentellen Ergebnissen ist zufriedenstellend. Das bedeutet, das in allen zukunftigen Erorterungen der Elastizitatskonstanten von Verbindungen die Grosenunterschiede der Ionen berucksichtigt werden mus.
Uptake and concentration factor of Aroclor 1254 in aquatic organisms

There are several factors that affect PCB bioaccumulation. These include: concentration in the surrounding environment; duration of exposure; temperature; solubility of the pollutant; species age, weight, feeding habits and lipid content; trophic level variations; and adsorption. Bioaccumulation can occur either through ingestion of contaminated food organisms or by direct absorption through the integument. Higher concentrations of PCBs have been found in plankton than in fish, indicating that direct absorption is the primary route of accumulation. This investigation was conducted to follow the uptake and concentration factor (CF) of Aroclor 1254 in selected organisms representing a simple aquatic ecosystem.
Improved Bar-Lev, Bobovitch, and Boukai Randomized Response Models

In this article, two new improved randomized response models have been proposed. The proposed models are found to be more efficient than the recent randomized response model studied by Bar-Lev et al. (2004). The relative efficiency of the proposed models has been studied with respect to the Bar-Lev et al. (2004) model under different situations.
Effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for patients with medically refractory rest angina pectoris and high risk of adverse outcomes with coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a reasonable alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for some high-risk patients with medically refractory rest angina. Over a 5-year period, 1 operator at a tertiary Veterans Affairs Medical Center performed angioplasty on 624 patients, of whom 441 had unstable angina. Of these 441 patients, 288 had rest angina and 225 had medically refractory rest angina. Medically refractory unstable angina was defined as reversible myocardial ischemia occurring at rest in an intensive care unit setting with low flow oxygen despite the following medications: (1) oral aspirin, intravenous heparin, or both; (2) some combination of β blocker, calcium blocker, and/or nitrate so that resting heart rate is beats / min or resting blood pressure mm Hg , or both. There were 207 patients with medically refractory rest angina who had ≥1 of the following characteristics predictive of a more than twofold increased risk of operative death at CABG: age >70 years , prior CABG, recent myocardial infarct, need for intravenous nitroglycerin, need for intraaortic balloon pump, and left ventricular ejection fraction
Exponential perturbation theories for inelastic scattering

Abstract An Exponential Perturbation Theory (EPT) is derived whereby one calculates a phase-shift matrix by an n th order perturbation theory and then exponentiates it to obtain the scattering matrix. The theory has been developed to include high-order terms, closed channels and resonances. The radial wavefunctions used are WKB solutions which are generalized to cases where there are multiple turning points. The orbital angular momentum may be treated exactly or in the classical or sudden limits. Calculations are done for the rotationally inelastic scattering in He + H 2 , Ar + N 2 and Ar + HCl. The first two systems give fair to good agreement with accurate calculations; the last case gives poor agreement. The first-order EPT is very much better than the first-order distorted-wave approximation.
Drinking Water Residence Time in Distribution Networks and Emergency Department Visits for Gastrointestinal Illness in Metro Atlanta, Georgia

We examined whether the average water residence time, the time it takes water to travel from the treatment plant to the user, for a zip code was related to the proportion of emergency department (ED) visits for gastrointestinal (GI) illness among residents of that zip code. Individual-level ED data were collected from all hospitals located in the five-county metro Atlanta area from 1993 to 2004. Two of the largest water utilities in the area, together serving 1.7 million people, were considered. People served by these utilities had almost three million total ED visits, 164,937 of them for GI illness. The relationship between water residence time and risk for GI illness was assessed using logistic regression, controlling for potential confounding factors, including patient age and markers of socioeconomic status (SES). We observed a modestly increased risk for GI illness for residents of zip codes with the longest water residence times compared to intermediate residence times (odds ratio (OR) for Utility 1 = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03, 1.10; OR for Utility 2 = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.08). The results suggest that drinking water contamination in the distribution system may contribute to the burden of endemic GI illness.
Pressure Tuning Spectroscopy

The effect of pressure on electronic excitations is discussed, with emphasis on the balance between intra and intramolecular interactions.
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes increase current response and organic contaminant removal in wastewater microbial fuel cells

The conjugated oligoelectrolyte 4,4′-bis(4′-(N,N-bis(6′′-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)amino)-styryl)stilbene tetraiodide (DSSN+) has been employed to improve the performance of wastewater microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with respect to current generation and organic contaminant removal. The best performance was afforded by biocathode type MFCs run in the presence of DSSN+. Laser scanning confocal microscopy confirmed cellular uptake of DSSN+ in the biofilms.
Laparoscopic fundoplication: A natural extension for the thoracic surgeon

Background. Thoracic surgeons have historically played a significant role in surgical treatment of benign esophageal disorders. With the advent of video-assisted thoracic surgical techniques, chest surgeons have also become adept at minimally invasive procedures. Thus, it seems appropriate that thoracic surgeons participate in minimally invasive antireflux operations, such as laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Methods. From February 1993 to May 1995, 66 patients (32 male, 34 female) with a mean age of 45.5 years (range, 15 to 82 years) underwent a laparoscopic fundoplication. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed on the basis of history and endoscopically documented esophagitis or abnormal esophageal pH testing or both. There were 45 type I, 3 type II, and 7 type III hiatal hernias. Eleven patients had gastroesophageal reflux disease with no hernia. Results. Conversion to laparotomy occurred in 6 patients (9%) due to bleeding in 2 patients, inability to laceration in 1 patient. All but 1 patient underwent a Nissen fundoplication performed over a 50F to 60F dilator. The remaining patient (type II hernia without gastroesophageal reflux disease) underwent a reduction, closure, and anterior gastropexy. There was no operative mortality. Immediate postoperative morbidity included moderate dysphagia in 7 patients (11%), ileus in 2 patients (3%), and deep venous thrombosis and atrial arrhythmia in 1 each (1.5%). Excluding 1 patient hospitalized for 42 days due to severe psychosis, the mean postoperative stay was 4.0 ± 2.5 days (median, 3 days). Three patients (5%) required dilation for dysphagia, and 1 (1.5%) has noted recurrent reflux during follow-up (mean, 14.4 months; range, 6 to 30 months). A single patient has undergone reoperation for persistent dysphagia (1.5%). Conclusions. A laparoscopic Nissen procedure is safe, effective treatment for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease when performed by thoracic surgeons experienced in minimally invasive surgical procedures.
Serologic and Immunologic Studies in Patients With AIDS in North America and Africa: The Potential Role of Infectious Agents as Cofactors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Serologic and immunologic studies were performed in 38 African and 60 US patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 100 African and 100 US heterosexual men and women, and 100 US homosexual men to examine the potential role of infectious agents in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A and B viruses, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis among the African and US patients with AIDS, African heterosexual controls, and US homosexual men. However, these four groups all demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of antibodies to each of these infectious agents compared with US heterosexual men. Immunologic studies demonstrated a significant elevation of activated lymphocytes (HLA-DR and T3 positive) and immune complexes in both AIDS populations and African heterosexual and US homosexual populations, compared with the US heterosexual population. These data demonstrate that the immune systems of African heterosexuals, similar to those of US homosexual men, are in a chronically activated state associated with chronic viral and parasitic antigenic exposure, which may cause them to be particularly susceptible to HIV infection or disease progression. ( JAMA 1987;257:2617-2621)
Self-assembled quantum dot formation during the growth of In0.4Ga0.6As on GaAs(001) by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy: The role of In segregation

Abstract The stabilization of planar In0.4Ga0.6As on GaAs, above thickness typically reported to undergo spontaneous island formation, has been observed. The effect of growth temperature, AsH3 partial pressure, and In0.4Ga0.6As thickness on island size and density was evaluated. Planar films are stabilized by low growth temperatures and high AsH3 partial pressures. Spontaneous island formation is enhanced by high growth temperatures and low AsH3 partial pressures. The results presented are interpreted within the phenomenology of In segregation to the surface, which has been identified previously for the InGaAs/GaAs system. Based on equilibrium models for the critical thickness for island formation, the critical segregation layer thickness for island formation is predicted to be 0.6 nm.
Calculation of the uncertainty of the mean of autocorrelated measurements

When repeated measurements are autocorrelated, it is not appropriate to use the traditional approach to calculate the uncertainty of the average of the measurements, which assumes that the measurements are statistically independent. In this paper, we propose a practical approach to calculate the corresponding uncertainty and the confidence interval when the data are from a stationary process. For illustration, the approach is applied to two examples: linewidth measurements made by a scanning electron microscope and weight measurements. The results are also extended to the general case in which both Type A and Type B uncertainty components are presented and to the case of weighted means.
The effect of polarons on the conductivity of the narrow-band Hubbard chain

Abstract We consider a half-filled, narrow band Hubbard chain with Holstein-type electron-phonon coupling to a set of intramolecular vibrational modes. We allow for dispersion in the vibrational spectrum and show, in the limit of zero temperature, that contrary to some recent results the one-electron density of states vanishes at the Fermi energy and the d.c. conductivity does not diverge as the inverse temperature.
Immunological Studies of the Placenta in Maternal Connective Tissue Disease

Maternal connective tissue disease is an important cause of second-trimester fetal loss. In order to assess the pathological changes in the placenta in maternal connective tissue disease, we reviewed the clinical histories and performed histologic and immunofluorescence studies on nine placentas: five from mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), two from mothers with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), one from a mother with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and one from a mother without prior known connective tissue disease. Excessive intervillous fibrin deposition and infarction were noted in all cases. Immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase studies showed deposits of fibrinogen, IgG, IgM, IgA, and complement 3 (C3) localized to the trophoblast basement membrane (TBM). Electron microscopy documented thickening of the trophoblast basal lamina in three SLE placentas examined. The use of immunofluorescence may be enhanced further if antitrophoblast antibodies can be linked to placental compromise.
Direct observation of anticrossing behavior in a luminescent Cr 3 + -doped system

We present a direct experimental demonstration of $^{2}$E${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$${\mathit{T}}_{2}$ anticrossing behavior in ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$. The behavior was seen in a high-pressure luminescence study of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Sc}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{12}$. Upon increasing pressure, the energy of the R lines ${(}^{2}$E${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{4}$${\mathit{A}}_{2}$ transition) of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ first increases, then levels, and finally decreases. This shift reversal for the R lines of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ is attributed to a decrease in $^{2}$E${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$${\mathit{T}}_{2}$ spin-orbit coupling with increasing pressure. A simple anticrossing model provides reasonable quantitative agreement with the data.
Implementation of cavity squeezing of a collective atomic spin.

We squeeze unconditionally the collective spin of a dilute ensemble of laser-cooled $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms using their interaction with a driven optical resonator. The shape and size of the resulting spin uncertainty region are well described by a simple analytical model [M. H. Schleier-Smith, I. D. Leroux, and V. Vuleti\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, arXiv:0911.3936 [Phys. Rev. A (to be published)]] through 2 orders of magnitude in the effective interaction strength, without free parameters. We deterministically generate states with up to 5.6(6) dB of metrologically relevant spin squeezing on the canonical $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ hyperfine clock transition.
EXPORTIN 1 INHIBITION ATTENUATES NUCLEAR FACTOR-κB-DEPENDENT GENE EXPRESSION

Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB is mediated by signal-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, subsequent IkappaBalpha degradation, and then translocation of unbound NF-kappaB to the nucleus. Termination of gene expression occurs when IkappaBalpha binds NF-kappaB subunits (Rel A) in the nucleus. Leptomycin B specifically inhibits export of IkappaBalpha and the inactive IkappaBalpha/Rel A complex via the nuclear export protein exportin 1. We hypothesized that inhibition of IkappaBalpha nuclear export would increase nuclear IkappaBalpha and attenuate NF-kappaB inflammatory gene expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. We found that inhibition of exportin 1 causes nuclear accumulation of both endogenous NF-kappaB (Rel A) and IkappaBalpha. IL-1beta causes nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB (Rel A) but does not increase nuclear IkappaBalpha. Inhibition of exportin 1 before IL-1beta prevented an increase in the nuclear ratio of NF-kappaB (Rel A) to IkappaBalpha and decreases NF-kappaB DNA binding. Furthermore, inhibition of exportin 1 attenuates IL-1beta-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha without affecting IkappaB kinase phosphorylation. Lastly, inhibition of exportin 1 attenuates monocyte chemoattractant protein, IL-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule expression in response to IL-1beta stimulation. We suggest that the decrease in cell activation due to exportin 1 inhibition is a result of termination of NF-kappaB DNA binding due to increased concentration of IkappaBalpha in the nucleus.
An atypical complication of atypical pneumonia

RESENTATION previously healthy 45-year-old African-American man resented to the hospital with a 1-week history of malaise, atigue, anorexia, fever, and rigors. He reported temperaures exceeding 104° F (40° C); intermittent chills and renching sweats that occurred mainly at night; and lowerxtremity myalgias and paresthesias that made it uncomortable for him to walk. He also had a 2-day history of mild yspnea at rest, accompanied by a nonproductive cough. On he day prior to admission, the patient noticed that he was roducing only very small amounts of urine, and that this as dark brown. His wife stated that he had been mildly onfused for the last day. A review of systems was negative or abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysuria, headaches, hemoptyis, focal neurological symptoms, nasal congestion, nausea, leuritic pain, precordial discomfort, or vomiting. He deied sick contacts. His past medical history was unremarkable, and the paient was not taking any medications, supplements, or herbal emedies. He had no known drug allergies. His family istory was positive only for a brother with adult polycystic idney disease. He was an active smoker with a 15-packear smoking history, but he did not drink alcohol or use llicit drugs. He denied foreign travel and had no risk factors or HIV.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MAGNESITE BRICK

The thermal conductivity of magnesite brick has been determined from 200 to 2500deg;F with a new type of furnace and the results compared with previous experimenters.
Approximate coupled equations for multiphoton processes induced by one or more lasers

Abstract Approximate coupled equations are presented which can simplify the calculation of state-to-state multiphoton transition amplitudes in molecular systems, particularly when there are several cw laser fields present These coupled equations are based on a time-independent effective dressed state Hamiltonian and are derived using an adiabatic approximation to eliminate the off-resonant state amplitudes.
Cationic and Anionic Requirements for the Binding of 2β‐Carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)[3H]tropane to the Dopamine Uptake Carrier

The present study reports the ion dependency of 2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)[3H]tropane ([3H]CFT) binding to the dopamine transporter in the rat striatum. The results indicate that [3H]CFT binding to synaptosomal P2 membranes requires low concentrations of Na+ (peak binding between 20 and 50 mM Na+), is stimulated by phosphate anion or I-, but is unaffected or only slightly affected by F-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, or SO(4)2-. Concentrations of Na+ of > 50 mM become inhibitory except in the presence of I-, which shifts peak binding levels toward higher Na+ concentrations and also elevates the peak binding level. K+ strongly decreased [3H]CFT binding with a shallow inhibition curve, and Na+ could not overcome this effect. Saturation analysis of [3H]CFT binding revealed a single binding site changing its affinity for CFT depending on the concentration of sodium phosphate buffer (6, 10, 30, 50, 130, or 200 mM; 1 mM plus 49 mM NaCl versus 10 mM plus 40 mM NaCl; or 1 mM plus 129 mM NaI versus 10 mM plus 120 mM NaI). No differences were observed in the density of CFT binding sites between any of the conditions examined.
IMPACT OF SELENIUM FERTILIZATION ON GLUCOSINOLATE CONCENTRATION IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA AND RAPID CYCLING BRASSICA OLERACEA

Brassica vegetables are a significant source of glucosinolates (GSs), which are sulfur (S)-containing phytonutrients exhibiting, upon hydrolysis by endogenous myrosinase, antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activity. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in mammalian health exhibiting antioxidant activity by inhibiting experimental carcinogenesis in animal models and reducing cancer incidence in human clinical trials. Selenium is readily accumulated in both Brassica species and Arabidopsis thaliana, a model species with similar S-metabolism. The research objectives for this project were to: 1) compare the impact of Se fertilization on GS concentrations between Arabidopsis thaliana and rapid cycling Brassica oleracea; and 2) determine the level of Se fertilization needed to optimize plant tissue Se concentration to maximize potential human health benefits. Both S and Se concentrations increased in A. thaliana and B. oleracea tissues in response to increasing Se treatments. Concentrations of glucoiberin...
Comparison of the crystal structure and molecular models of N,N-diisobutyl-2- (octylphenylphosphinyl) acetamide (CMPO)

The crystal structure of N,N-diisobutyl-2-(octylphenylphosphinyl)acetamide, or CMPO was recently determined. The compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c witha=13.446(6),b=22.280(7),c=17.217(7) A, β=92.07(4)°, andDcalc=1.05 g/cm3 forZ=8 @20°C). Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and MNDO calculations were also performed on CMPO utilizing the SYBYL1 suite of programs. The results from these calculations are compared to the crystal structure and to similar calculations performed on CMPO using ALCHEMY2,3. In general, the results from the calculations agree fairly well with the parameters from the crystal structure.
The Enormous Diversity in Genome Sizes of Fish as a Reflection of Nature's Extensive Experiments with Gene Duplication

Abstract It appears that nature has experimented extensively with various modes of gene duplication in fish. We witness extreme diversity in the genome size as well as in the degree of gene duplication among fish. There are those that have increased their genome size exclusively by repeated tandem duplication of chromosomal segments. They show no proportional increase in the number of functional gene loci. In this group, the trend for progressive elimination of excessive genetic redundancy appears to have started in modern times. There is another group which went through tetraploid evolution. These fish are endowed with twice the number of gene loci for many of the gene products.
Regulation of fat body pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae).

Fat body pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) from Manduca sexta undergoes interconversion between an active, nonphosphorylated form and an inactive, phosphorylated form. Inactivation is catalyzed by a Mg2+-ATP-requiring kinase, and reactivation is catalyzed by a Ca2+-Mg2+-requiring phosphatase. By altering the kinase activity, NAD+ and CoA activate the PDC while NADH and acetyl-CoA facilitate inactivation of the complex. Levels of active enzyme are highest during larval development and in the fed state. Injection of glucose into mature larvae, starved for 48 hr, produces a threefold increase in total PDC activity with a corresponding increase in the fraction in the active form. Experiments conducted with ligated larvae provide evidence that a neuroendocrine factor may facilitate activation of the fat body complex.
Developing a command and control system in war

The Army Central Forces (ARCENT) Command and Control Information System (AC2IS) that provided Army level staff officers with a secure means to pass electronic messages quickly and transfer data files long distances is discussed. AC2IS allowed users to generate memos, charts, and spreadsheets on a personal computer or workstation and then transmit them to a remote destination error-free. The system combined special computer networking equipment with existing automation and communications equipment to connect users. AC2IS users in Saudi Arabia regularly communicated with other users in Saudi Arabia, the United States, and Germany. The equipment and architecture of AC2IS, the secure channels provided by AC2IS, the initial fielding and subsequent expansion of the system are discussed. >
Increasing evidence of the role of Helicobacter pylori SabA in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease

Although infection with Helicobacter pylori always results in chronic active gastritis, only a fraction of those infected develop severe clinical disease. In addition, certain populations with high incidences of H. pylori infection, such as those in East Asian countries, have high incidences of gastric cancer, while other highly infected populations, such as those in Africa and South Asia, do not. This phenomenon might be partially explained by differences in the genotypes of H. pylori; however, currently no definite H. pylori factors can clearly explain it. Recently, the importance of sialic acid binding adhesin (SabA), a novel outer membrane protein in gastroduodenal pathogenesis, has become increasingly apparent. Binding of blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA) to Lewis b antigen and related fucosylated ABO blood group antigens is probably important in the initial stage of infection. However, when host inflammation increases, expression of sialyl-Lewis x increases, and H. pylori is likely to adhere to the gastric mucosa with SabA. Many of the genes encoding outer membrane proteins undergo phase variation such that not all strains will produce functional proteins, and SabA expression is frequently switched "on" or "off", suggesting that SabA expression can rapidly respond to changing conditions in the stomach or in different regions of the stomach. SabA production is indeed reported to be associated with severe intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy, and the development of gastric cancer in both developed and developing countries, confirming the importance of investigating SabA in developing countries.
Individual and sibling-group variation in metabolism of lizards: The aerobic capacity model for the origin of endothermy

Abstract 1. 1. We measured standard, resting and exercise metabolism of 28 Chaicides ocellatus (Scincidae). Individual lizards consistently showed statistically significant differences in mass-independent rates of standard and exercise metabolism during three replicates of the experiments at weekly intervals. 2. 2. Metabolic differences were also detected among groups of siblings. 3. 3. Mass-independent resting metabolic rates were closely correlated with standard rates, but there was no correlation of metabolic rates during forced activity with either standard or resting rates. 4. 4. These data suggest a heritable component of metabolism for lizards, but they do not support the “aerobic capacity model” of the origin of endothermy, which proposes that initial selection for high resting metabolic rates operated via selection for high rates of aerobic metabolism during exercise.
The information content of distressed restructurings involving public and private debt claims

Abstract This paper examines debt restructurings by financially distressed firms. We develop a model which predicts that, in public debt exchange offers, firms with unfavorable private information will offer equity claims to convince bondholders that the firm's prospects are poor. In contrast, offering equity to well-informed private lenders conveys favorable private information to outsiders. Consistent with our analysis, we find positive average abnormal returns around restructurings that offer equity to private lenders and senior debt to public debtholders, and we find significant negative average abnormal returns when private lenders are offered senior debt and public lenders are offered equity.
Low frequency fluctuations of the ohmically heated plasma in the Proto-Cleo torsatron

Low-frequency (f<500 kHz), turbulent density fluctuations have been observed in the Ohmically heated plasma of the Proto-Cleo torsatron. The power density spectrum indicates a spectral decay of the form f−2.5 with no coherent modes present in the observed band. Phase spectral characteristics indicate wave number estimates which vary in magnitude and direction consistent with drift-wave phenomena. Parallel wave numbers are coupled proportionally to the shear.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Guyatt G, Rennie D, editors and The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. Users' guides to the medical literature. A manual for evidence-based clinical practice. Chicago: AMA Press, 2002 The JAMA series on how to use the medical literature has been expanded and put into book and CD-ROM format. The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group along with editors Gordon Guyatt and Drummond Rennie have provided practitioners with a valuable resource for evaluating evidence relevant to their practice. The authors of this “how to” book have made certain that it includes challenges to all levels of users of evidence, from beginners to experts. The material is presented in 3 formats: a 700 page manual for evidence-based practice (EBP) (Manual) that is thorough and comprehensive; a 440 page pocket version of the essentials of EBP (Essentials) that provides an indepth discussion of the basics; and a hyperlinked CD-ROM that contains the contents of the Manual and is included with both hardcopy versions. The Essentials book is small enough to keep in a large pocket, although the print is small and may be difficult for really tired eyes to read. The Manual …
Respiration Corrections for Bacterial Uptake of Dissolved Organic Compounds in Natural WATERS1

The uptake of 14C-labeled organic compounds has been used by many workers to study heterotrophic microorganisms in natural waters. However, if flux rates of organic compounds are to be measured, the loss of 14CO2 during incubation becomes an important source of error. A method is proposed in which the experiment is run in a closed system and the 14CO2 collected after killing and acidification. Phenethylamine on chromatographic paper is the absorbing agent and the paper is counted by liquid scintillation. Studies of 19 compounds from pond water showed that 60% (aspartic acid) to 8% (arginine) of the labeled material entering the microorganisms was respired.
The suitability of Melanoplus differentialis for electrophysiological investigation based on hemolymph ionic and anatomical studies

Abstract 1. 1. Inorganic ionic concentrations of hemolymph were determined, and histological features of the nerve cord investigated in adult female Melanoplusdifferentialis. 2. 2. Hemolymph ionic concentrations are as follows (in mM) : Na+, 64·9 ± 3·7; K+, 10·6 ± 0·5; Ca2+, 23·3 ± 5·5; Mg2+, 9·9 ± 0·4; Cl−, 85·6 ± 1·2. 3. 3. The mean nerve cord weight of females with the body mass range of 1·13–1·95 g was 7·00 ± 1·11 mg; histological studies of the abdominal nerve cord revealed eight giant axons (diameter, 13–20 μ). 4. 4. We conclude that M. differentialis has the following characteristics which make it suitable for microelectrode studies: a low hemolymph Na+ concentration, and giant axons in the nerve cord.
Inequivalent measures of noncompactness

Two homogeneous measures of noncompactness β and γ on an infinite dimensional Banach space X are called “equivalent” if there exist positive constants b and c such that b β(S) ≤ γ(S) ≤ c β(S) for all bounded sets $${S\subset X}$$ . If such constants do not exist, the measures of noncompactness are “inequivalent.” We ask a foundational question which apparently has not previously been considered: For what infinite dimensional Banach spaces do there exist inequivalent measures of noncompactness on X? We provide here the first examples of inequivalent measures of noncompactness. We prove that such inequivalent measures exist if X is a Hilbert space; or if (Ω, Σ, μ) is a general measure space, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, and X = L p (Ω, Σ, μ); or if K is a compact Hausdorff space and X = C(K); or if K is a compact metric space, 0 < λ ≤ 1, and X = C 0,λ(K), the Banach space of Holder continuous functions with Holder exponent λ. We also prove the existence of such inequivalent measures of noncompactness if Ω is an open subset of $${\mathbb{R}^n}$$ and X is the Sobolev space W m,p(Ω). Our motivation comes from questions about existence of eigenvectors of homogeneous, continuous, order-preserving cone maps f : C→C and from the closely related issue of giving the proper definition of the “cone essential spectral radius” of such maps. These questions are considered in the companion paper [28]; see, also, [27].
TM data on disk

The Earth Observing Satellite Company (EOSAT) in Lanham, Md., is now selling Thematic Mapper data from Landsat satellites on floppy disks. The IBM PC-compatible format of the data is designed to use with standard image-processing software. Each subscene or set of data contains seven disks, one for each o f seven bands of radiation recorded by the Thematic Mapper instrument. The area covered in each subscene is about 213 km2 . Matthew Willard, EOSAT Planning Director, said the disks “will support the rapidly expanding sales of microcomputer-based geographic information systems.” The information retrievable from the the TM data has application to geology, urban planning, soil science, hydrology, conservation, agriculture, and other fields.
Planning, Urban Revitalization, and the Inner City: An Exploration of Structural Racism:

The almost inextricable weaving together of the issues of race and inner-city revitalization presents a complex and seemingly intractable problem for urban and regional planners, scholars, policyma...
Gonadal regulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors during sexual maturation in the rat.

The number of pituitary GnRH receptors increases during sexual maturation in rats. In females, GnRH receptor content (GnRH-RC, femtomoles bound per gland) rises to a plateau (50 ± 9 fmol) between 15–30 days of age before increasing further to 107 ± 19 at 50 days. In males, GnRH-RC rises gradually to 140 ± 9 fmol at 35 days, then remains stable through 60 days. Administration of estradiol or testosterone to immature females and males, respectively, inhibits the early rise in GnRH-RC. GnRH given for 2 days to steroid-treated immature animals restores receptor content to control levels. Neonatal castration in both sexes rapidly increases GnRH-RC and this response is maintained through 60 days of age. Castrations performed at different ages between 5–60 days showed a sex difference in GnRH-RC responses. Females exhibited a 2-fold increase in GnRH-RC by 5 days post castration at all ages studied. In males a similar increase in GnRH-RC was seen up to 25 days, but later diminished and no receptor response occurr...
Fiber volume fraction effects on fatigue crack growth in SiC/Ti-15-3 composite

The effects of fiber volume fraction (15, 37, and 41%) on fatigue crack growth in unidirectional SiC/Ti-15-3 composite were investigated at room temperature. The effect of fiber volume fraction on the fiber bridging mechanism was studied to support development of physically-based crack growth models. While each fiber volume fraction exhibits similar decreasing crack growth rates prior to fiber bridging induced crack arrest, post-arrest behavior (observed after incrementally increasing the applied stress level) is quite different. After crack arrest, the 15% (37 and 41%) material exhibited higher (lower) crack growth rates and lower (higher) toughness values than the unreinforced matrix. These different behaviors occur because of differences in the amount of fiber bridging during the post-arrest regime. Metallography of interrupted tests revealed the extent of fiber bridging in the crack wake and matrix plasticity ahead of the crack tip. Models for predicting the effective matrix stress intensities were evaluated and compared to experimental data. A fiber pressure model and finite element studies were used to estimate the condition of the bridged fiber zone and associated fiber stresses. Since the vast majority of useful life for these materials experiences fatigue crack growth, these results assist in discerning an optimum fiber volume fraction for structural applications.
Retail Clinics: A Promise Made Is a Promise Kept

Abstract Retail clinics (also known as convenient care clinics) debuted in 2000 as the result of a consumer-driven mandate for easily accessible, low cost, quality healthcare. The promise was to provide quality care at convenient times and places at reasonable cost. This article provides an update on some of the changes in the industry, particularly how they affect nurse practitioners.