cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Person-Environment Congruence and Sociability:

The move from an isolating living environment to one rich in social opportunity had long-term (eight-year) effects of increased sociability and improved satisfaction among the majority of elderly in-movers who had chosen and been screened as suitable for the actively sociable situation, compared to similar persons who did not make the move. Individual differences among movers were important also: Persons most active socially and those rated high in extraversion, prior to the move, tended to make the greatest gains in social behavior and satisfaction. For a minority, effects were small or even reversed. The findings support the importance of congruence between the person's sociability needs and the environment's sociability resources.
Spatial trends in saturated hydraulic conductivity of vegetated dunes in the Nebraska Sand Hills: Effects of depth and topography

Summary In the Nebraska Sand Hills (NSH), the largest vegetated dune field in the Western Hemisphere, dunes have relatively high hydraulic conductivities, and surficial aquifers can partially retain a significant fraction of precipitation as groundwater recharge and return it for preservation of plants. This important mechanism for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem in the NSH requires knowledge of saturated hydraulic conductivity ( K fs ) in the vadose zone. A unique 3D dataset for the distribution of K fs was collected within the framework of the Grassland Destabilization Experiment (GDEX) at the Barta Brothers Ranch site, Nebraska, using direct in situ measurements. The results show that K fs increases with depth towards the lower boundary of the root zone (up to 2 m). For the topographic effects, highlands generally present higher K fs values than lowlands, and there exists a significant correlation between K fs and absolute elevation. It is found that the effect of short-term vegetation disturbance on K fs was minimal that may not hold in the long run.
Baboon Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Be Genetically Modified to Secrete Human Erythropoietin In Vivo

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple mesenchymal lineages including chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes, and marrow stromal cells. Using a nonhuman primate model, we evaluated nonhuman primate MSCs as targets for gene therapy. Baboon MSCs (bMSCs) cultured from bone marrow aspirates appeared as a homogeneous population of spindle-shaped cells. bMSCs were capable of differentiating into adipocytes and osteocytes in vitro and chondrocytes in vivo. bMSCs were genetically modified with a bicistronic vector encoding the human erythropoietin (hEPO) gene and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Transduction efficiencies ranged from 72 to 99% after incubation of MSCs with retroviral supernatant. Transduced cells produced from 1.83 x 10(5) to 7.12 x 10(5) mIU of hEPO per 10(6) cells per 24 hr in vitro before implantation. To determine the capacity of bMSCs to express hEPO in vivo, transduced bMSCs were injected intramuscularly in NOD/SCID mice. In a separate experiment, transduced bMSCs were loaded into immunoisolatory devices (IIDs) and surgically implanted into either autologous or allogeneic baboon recipients. Human EPO was detected in the serum of NOD/SCID mice for up to 28 days and in the serum of five baboons for between 9 and 137 days. NOD/SCID mice experienced sharp rises in hematocrit after intramuscular injection of hEPO-transduced bMSCs. The baboon that expressed hEPO for 137 days experienced a statistically significant (p < 0.04) rise in its hematocrit. These data demonstrate that nonhuman primate MSCs can be engineered to deliver a secreted and biologically active gene product. Therefore, human MSCs may be an effective target for future human gene therapy trials.
Design and Interface Considerations for Web-Enabled Data Management in Civil Infrastructure Health Monitoring

We present principles and techniques for design of Web-enabled data aggregation, storage, and visualization software for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure: the process of collecting and analyzing sensor data related to the condition or behavior of constructed facilities (e.g., bridges, dams, tunnels) to promote safe and efficient service at a reasonable cost. Due to widely variable user requirements and the vast range of data types and display methods required, good human-computer interfaces for engineering applications are still difficult to design and implement, and continue to be constructed in more-or-less ad hoc manners. We approach human-computer interaction in the civil engineering domain through common HCI methods, such as user interviews, use case design and analysis, representation in UML, and so on. However, this paper is focused on two special techniques that are not commonly found in HCI development: (1) a rigorous analysis of the nature of the data and how it will be used, and (2) a general method for sending data into functions for display on the user interface. The addition of two techniques like the above adds new tools to the engineering HCI toolkit and increases HCI designers’ ability to meet the needs of engineers who examine large volumes of engineering data.
Synthesis, flame‐retardancy testing, and preliminary mechanism studies of nonhalogenated aromatic boronic acids: A new class of condensed‐phase polymer flame‐retardant additives for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene and polycarbonate

This study describes the syntheses and thermal properties of aromatic boronic acids and their use as flame retardants. The possible flame-retardancy mechanisms are also discussed. The materials were synthesized from aromatic bromides using one of two procedures. The first procedure involved traditional approaches to boronic acids, using lithium–halogen exchange and quenching with trimethylborate followed by hydrolysis. The second procedure used a nickel catalyst and a dialkoxy borane to generate aromatic dialkoxyboronates that were converted to boronic acids by acid hydrolysis. The thermal properties of these aromatic boronic acids were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). These materials were blended into acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) resins and tested for ignition resistance, using the UL-94 flame test. A 10 wt % loading of 1,4-benzenediboronic acid in polycarbonate gave a UL-94 V-0 result. This same diboronic acid showed flame retardancy and char formation in ABS, but this result was not quantifiable by the UL-94 test. Burn times for the ABS samples often exceeded 5 min, thereby showing unusual resistance to consumption by fire. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1257–1268, 2000
Long-Term Persistence of Spent Lead Shot in Tundra Wetlands

We seeded experimental plots with number 4 lead pellets and sampled these plots for 10 years to assess the settlement rate of pellets in tundra wetland types commonly used by foraging waterfowl. After 10 years, about 10% of pellets remained within 6 cm of the surface, but >50% remained within 10 cm. We predict that spent lead pellets will eventually become unavailable to waterfowl; however, it will likely require >25 years for all pellets to exceed depths at which waterfowl species may forage.
Wellbeing Begins with “We”

Social closeness is a critical component of wellbeing, both mental and physical. Socially connected people appear to live longer, happier, and healthier lives, to have stronger and more resilient immune systems, and to be less prone to developing various mental illnesses including anxiety and depression. Much attention has been directed to interventions that foster social closeness in vulnerable groups such as elderly persons, mentally ill people, at-risk youths, and those who report often feeling lonely. Less work has been done to develop social closeness interventions for non-lonely individuals. In this chapter, we briefly review the literature linking social closeness and wellbeing, describe and compare the benefits to wellbeing of interventions that increase social closeness for lonely and non-lonely individuals, and explore the role of individual differences and electronically mediated communication in modifying the effectiveness of social closeness interventions.
Pressure sensors for printed blast dosimeters

Disposable printed sensor tapes are being developed to record the magnitude of explosive blasts in the battlefield. The goal is to detect and mitigate the possible occurrence of traumatic brain injury in soldiers. This paper presents results on the pressure sensors to measure the blast pressure and the blast noise. The sensors are based on piezoelectric polymers and their fabrication is compatible with roll-to-roll fabrication methods to enable low cost.
Clinically undiagnosed prostate carcinoma metastatic to renal oncocytoma

Tumors-to-tumor metastasis is an uncommon occurrence and can be a source of great diagnostic difficulty, especially when the donor tumor is undiagnosed. Here we report a case of a kidney resected for a primary neoplasm (oncocytoma) that harbored metastases from a clinically undiagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma. The presence of the poorly differentiated metastasis within an otherwise typical oncocytoma in the absence of metastases in the surrounding nonneoplastic renal parenchyma resulted in a diagnostic dilemma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case in the English literature of a clinically undiagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to a renal oncocytoma identified on examination of the resected renal neoplasm.
Observational Analysis of the 27 May 1997 Central Texas Tornadic Event. Part I: Prestorm Environment and Storm Maintenance/Propagation

Abstract A detailed analysis of the 27 May 1997 central Texas tornadic storm complex is undertaken in an attempt to document the prestorm environment and identify the roles played by preexisting boundaries on storm maintenance/propagation and rotation. Analysis is carried out using a broad suite of synoptic and subsynoptic data but focuses on the level-II and -III Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from three Texas radars. The 27 May 1997 event was characterized by a back-building (propagation against the mean flow) storm complex that produced at least 12 tornadoes including the F5 Jarrell, Texas, tornado. Furthermore, five of the eight longest-lived cells during the analysis period are shown to contain midlevel mesocyclones. However, one-dimensional metrics calculated using representative vertical profiles of state variables reveal that, despite the extreme values of CAPE in place (>6500 J kg−1), the (1D) environment associated with this event is best classified as only marginally fav...
Antecedents to willingness to participate in a planned organizational change

Abstract This field study examines factors contributing to employees’ openness to participate in a planned change within a national insurance company. Drawing from recent meta‐analyses indicating that both job characteristics (JCM) and social information processing (SIP) models contribute to job attitudes, a model of factors pertaining to the change is hypothesized and tested using path analytic methods. Results indicate employees receiving “quality” information about the change and having a high need for achievement viewed the change favorably. Contrary to expectations, employees’ anxiety about the change did not influence their attitude about change. These findings are discussed in light of JCM and SIP research and their implications for research on organizational change.
Rapid Changes in Cortical and Subcortical Brain Regions after Early Bilateral Enucleation in the Mouse

Functional sensory and motor areas in the developing mammalian neocortex are formed through a complex interaction of cortically intrinsic mechanisms, such as gene expression, and cortically extrinsic mechanisms such as those mediated by thalamic input from the senses. Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are believed to be involved in cortical patterning and the establishment of areal boundaries in early development; however, the nature of the interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic processes is not well understood. In a previous study, we used a perinatal bilateral enucleation mouse model to test some aspects of this interaction by reweighting sensory input to the developing cortex. Visual deprivation at birth resulted in a shift of intraneocortical connections (INCs) that aligned with ectopic ephrin A5 expression in the same location ten days later at postnatal day (P) 10. A prevailing question remained: Does visual deprivation first induce a change in gene expression, followed by a shift in INCs, or vice versa? In the present study, we address this question by investigating the neuroanatomy and patterns of gene expression in post-natal day (P) 1 and 4 mice following bilateral enucleation at birth. Our results demonstrate a rapid reduction in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) size and ephrin A5 gene expression 24-hours post-enucleation, with more profound effects apparent at P4. The reduced nuclear size and diminished gene expression mirrors subtle changes in ephrin A5 expression evident in P1 and P4 enucleated neocortex, 11 and 8 days prior to natural eye opening, respectively. Somatosensory and visual INCs were indistinguishable between P1 and P4 mice bilaterally enucleated at birth, indicating that perinatal bilateral enucleation initiates a rapid change in gene expression (within one day) followed by an alteration of sensory INCs later on (second postnatal week). With these results, we gain a deeper understanding of how gene expression and sensory input together regulate cortical arealization and plasticity during early development.
Energy Efficiency Limits for a Recuperative Bayonet Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Reactor for Sulfur Cycle Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

A recuperative bayonet reactor design for the high-temperature sulfuric acid decomposition step in sulfur-based thermochemical hydrogen cycles was evaluated using pinch analysis in conjunction with...
The therapeutic benefit of extensive lymphadenectomy in advanced stage ovarian cancer

15010 Background: To determine if extent of lymphadenectomy affects the disease-specific survival of women with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. Methods: Demographic and clinico-pathologic informatio...
Supervised Controlled Substance Use.

By recent estimates, the legal pain pharmacotherapeutics industry generates annual revenue of approximately $22 billion/year (Business Insights 2011). Given the extensive, extant drug research in t...
Marijuana Use Predicts Cognitive Performance on Tasks of Executive Function.

Objective:Despite growing evidence that chronic marijuana use is associated with cognitive impairment, particularly when use is initiated at an early age, national trends demonstrate significant decreases in the perceived risk of marijuana corresponding with increased use, especially among youth. The current study assessed the impact of marijuana use on executive function and whether patterns of marijuana use, including earlier age at onset, higher frequency, and increased magnitude of use, predict impairment.Method:Forty-four chronic, heavy marijuana smokers (37 male, 7 female) and 32 healthy, nonsmoking control participants (20 male, 12 female) recruited from the Greater Boston area completed two assessments of executive function: the Stroop Color Word Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).Results:Marijuana smokers had poorer executive function relative to control participants, a between-group difference that was primarily driven by individuals with early onset of marijuana use (before age 16; n =...
Si(100) Etching in Aqueous Fluoride Solutions: Parallel Etching Reactions Lead to pH-Dependent Nanohillock Formation or Atomically Flat Surfaces

A dramatic, pH-dependent change in the steady-state chemical and morphological structure of Si(100) surfaces etched in aqueous fluoride solutions is observed with infrared spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Low pH solutions (5 ≤ pH ≤ 7), such as the technologically important buffered oxide etchant (buffered HF), produce rough surfaces covered with nanoscale Si{110}-faceted hillocks. In contrast, higher pH solutions (7.8 ≤ pH ≤ 10), including 40% NH4F (aq.), produce atomically smooth surfaces. The etched surfaces are terminated by a monolayer of H atoms irrespective of pH. The pH-dependent transition is attributed to two competing multistep reaction pathways. At higher pH, the base-catalyzed formation of a surface silanone leads to the production of smooth surfaces. This reaction channel is suppressed at low pH, leading to the formation of {110}-faceted hillocks by a second reaction. The morphological transition is not affected by dissolved O2 in the etchant.
Characteristics of Ammonia Adsorption on Activated Alumina

Adsorption of ammonia was measured volumetrically on activated alumina at temperatures of (273, 298, and 323) K and gas pressures up to 108 kPa. It was found that the final adsorption amounts at the terminal pressure point were (3.13, 2.53, and 1.89) mmol·g−1 at (273, 298, and 323) K, respectively. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Toth isotherm models were employed to correlate the adsorption isotherms. Ammonia diffusivities in these adsorbents at (298 and 323) K and at five different pressure points were calculated from the adsorption kinetic uptake curves by using a classical diffusion model. It was found that the average diffusivity values were (4.02·10−14 and 4.71·10−14) m2·s−1, respectively, at (298 and 323) K. The heat of adsorption values are between (−35.6 and −15) kJ·mol−1 for adsorption loadings between (1.3 and 2.3) mmol·g−1. The Gibbs energies were calculated as (−14.01, −13.23, and −9.07) kJ·mol−1 at (323, 298, and 273) K, respectively. The value of the entropy lies within (−65 to −3) J·mo...
Profiling Chlamydomonas metabolism under dark, anoxic H2-producing conditions using a combined proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approach.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is well adapted to survive under different environmental conditions due to the unique flexibility of its metabolism. Here we report metabolic pathways that are active during acclimation to anoxia, but were previously not thoroughly studied under dark, anoxic H2-producing conditions in this model green alga. Proteomic analyses, using 2D-differential in-gel electrophoresis in combination with shotgun mass fingerprinting, revealed increased levels of proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway downstream of 3-phosphoglycerate, the glyoxylate pathway, and steps of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) reactions. Upregulation of the enzyme, isocitrate lyase (ICL), was observed, which was accompanied by increased intracellular succinate levels, suggesting the functioning of glyoxylate pathway reactions. The ICL-inhibitor study revealed presence of reverse TCA reactions under these conditions. Contributions of the serine-isocitrate lyase pathway, glycine cleavage system, and c1-THF/serine hydrox...
Mercury oxidation by halogens under air- and oxygen-fired conditions

Gas-phase mercury oxidation by halogens under air- and oxygen-fired (27% O2 in CO2) conditions was studied in a bench-scale, laminar, methane-fired, 300 W, quartz-lined reactor. The experiments provided data on the extents of elemental mercury oxidation in the presence of various flue gas components, including chlorine, bromine, SO2, and NO. A wet conditioning system and a Tekran 2537A mercury analyzer were used to determine mercury speciation and concentrations. Under the same experimental conditions and for both halogens, oxy-firing produced modest increases in mercury oxidation. Extents of oxidation at chlorine concentrations of 100–500 ppmv (as HCl) ranged from 6 to 21% for oxy-firing and from 4 to 15% for air-firing. Oxidation by bromine at concentrations of 10–50 ppmv (as HBr) ranged from 43 to 69% for oxygen-firing and from 15 to 46% for air-firing. Under both firing conditions, the addition of NO (below 300 ppmv) had little or no effect on mercury oxidation by chlorine or bromine and the addition ...
Infection Prevention Communication Within a Health Sytem's Ambulatory Surgery Centers

model fit, indicated by a nonsignificant chi square value, was calculated with the Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: In all, 3,188 HCWs completed the survey; half of which (n 1⁄4 1,719) reported no hospital work time. HCW compliance was highest for the 2010/2011 seasonal influenza vaccine (78.9%, n 1⁄4 2,514), followed by uptake of the 2009/2010 seasonal influenza vaccine (74.9%, n 1⁄4 2,383), and lowest for the H1N1 influenza vaccine (63.3%, n 1⁄4 2,017); these differences in compliance were highly statistically significant (p < .001) for all three comparisons (2010/2011 vs. H1N1, 2010/2011 vs. 2009/2010, and 2009/2010 vs. H1N1). In logistic regression stratified by hospital versus nonhospital setting, and controlling for demographics and past behavior, the determinants of 2010/2011 seasonal influenza vaccination among non-hospital-based HCWs included having a mandatory vaccination policy (odds ratio [OR], 21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 6.7 64.4]), perceived importance (OR 7.6 [CI: 4.3 13.3]), no fear of vaccine side effects (OR 4 [CI: 2.3 7.1]), free and on-site access (OR 3.3 [CI: 1.9 5.7]), and perceived susceptibility to influenza (OR 2.4 [CI: 1.3 4.2]). Determinants of hospitalbased HCW vaccine compliance included having a mandatory vaccination policy (OR 32 [CI: 8.4 118.7]), belief that HCWs should be vaccinated every year (OR 4.3 [CI: .11 .50]), occupational health encouragement (OR 2.9 [CI: 1.3 6.7]), perceived importance of vaccination (OR 2.9 [CI: 1.1 7.6]), on-site access (OR 2.9 [CI: 1.1 7.3]), and no fear of vaccine side effects (OR 2 [CI: 1.1 3.7]). The final models correctly classified 78% of the non-hospital respondents and 68% of the hospital-based workers. Conclusions: Non-hospital-based vs. hospital HCWs' reasons for vaccine uptake differed. Targeted interventions should be aimed at workers in these settings to increase their vaccine compliance, including implementing a mandatory vaccination policy.
Co(III) imidos exhibiting spin crossover and C-H bond activation.

The reaction of (ArL)Co(py) with tBuN3 afforded the isolable three-coordinate Co–imido complex (ArL)Co(NtBu), which is paramagnetic at room temperature. Variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy, VT crystallography, and magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed that (ArL)Co(NtBu) undergoes a thermally induced spin crossover from an S = 0 ground state to a quintet (S = 2) state. The reaction of (ArL)Co(py) with mesityl azide yielded an isolable S = 1 terminal imido complex that was converted into the metallacycloindoline (ArL)Co(κ2-NHC6H2-2,4-Me2-6-CH2) via benzylic C–H activation.
Evaluation of the Wettability of Molten Al with SiC Powder using Mercury Porosimetry

In this report, the wettability of molten Al alloys with SiC powder is discussed using mercury porosimetric analysis. Al-SiC powder compacts with a composition of SiC-30mass%Al are used as the starting materials. Wettability can be evaluated from their pore size distribution after heating. In the pure Al-SiC system, the increase in temperature increases the open-pore size and the open-porosity of specimens, resulting in high wettability. The addition of a slight amount of Mg to Al significantly increases the wettability. We conclude that the decrease in surface tension of molten Al alloys is seriously effective to improve the wettability.
299 POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD STEM CELLS: A MODEL FOR ONTOGENIC INVESTIGATION.

Background In 1877, Paul Ehrlich devised a system that identified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A century later, a system for the in vitro culture of HSCs was devised. Over the past four decades, great progress in HSC biology has resulted from murine models. Unfortunately, human HSC differentiation models have been difficult to produce. Specifically, the in vitro culture of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from human HSCs has been difficult, and to date, specific methods for this culture have not been defined. Here we describe a precise model for reliable differentiation of PMNs from human umbilical cord blood stem cells. Methods HSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood from full-term neonates. The cord blood underwent magnetic bead-mediated positive selection for CD34 HSCs. HSCs were cultured in X-Vivo 20 with 10% PHS for 16 days. The media was augmented with SCF 100 ng/mL and IL-3 10 ng/mL for the initial 8 days, and G-CSF 20 ng/mL for the entire culture. The cell population was purified by magnetically selecting CD16 cells. Cell morphology was verified with Wright-Giemsa staining and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Cell surface markers were verified with flow cytometry. Functional assay of respiratory burst was performed using dihydrorhodamine (DHR) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to determine stimulation index. Finally, adhesion characteristics were verified with a P-selectin-mediated cell adhesion assay. Results Morphologic evaluation demonstrated cultures with a high percentage of leukocytes with multilobed nuclei, consistent with mature PMNs. ICC probing for CD18 confirmed the presence of this PMN-specific adhesion molecule. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the cultured cells express CD16 and CD18, indicating the presence of mature neutrophils. Respiratory burst activity following DHR/PMA assay indicated intact free radical production. Adhesion of cells to P-selectin-coated plates demonstrated integrity of P-selectin/PSGL-1 adhesion. Conclusions These results demonstrate that mature and functional PMNs can be efficiently cultured from human umbilical cord blood stem cells. Although HSC culture of mature human PMNs has been difficult for a generation of cell biologists, this investigation demonstrates detailed methodology for consistent culturing of PMNs from human HSCs. The utility of this model to delineate ontogenic events in PMN differentiation will afford greater understanding of variable phenotypes encountered in human disease.
Surface Modification of Y2O3 Nanoparticles

Rare earth ion-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanocrystals are nontoxic and can be prepared as upconversion materials for cellular imaging, but they do not suspend well in water. In contrast to their tendency to dissolve in acidic media, yttria (Y2O3) nanoparticles readily react with phosphonic acids to give phosphonate-bonded yttria particles. Through the choice of phosphonic acid, the hydrophilicity of the nanoparticles can be controlled. The synthesis of a novel tetraethylene glycol-derived phosphonic acid is described; yttria treated with the corresponding phosphonate is easily dispersed in aqueous media. The preparation of yttria bonded to a phosphonate that may be used for cross coupling with biomolecules is also described.
Putting the Chinese State in its Place: A March from Passive Revolution to Hegemony

This chapter demonstrates that current studies have depicted the Chinese state in three major forms: an authoritarian state, a developmental state and a corporatist state. However, these three approaches have under-examined the ideological and hegemonic capacities of the Chinese party-state. Seeking to fill up this intellectual gap, this chapter elaborates on the overarching framework of the book: the Chinese economic reform begun in 1978 is a top-down passive revolution, and that after almost four of capitalist reform, the post-socialist Chinese state has been transforming from forcefully steering the country’s passive revolution into assisting the capitalist class to build up hegemony (i.e. cultural, moral, and political leadership). Within this framework, it is further argued that the labor law system in China is a crucial means through which the Chinese party-state has attempted to secure the working class’s consent to the ruling class.
Bridging the Technological Gaps between Rich and Poor Countries

Implicit in the technological gap between rich and poor countries is something more than acquisition of technical knowledge and the training of technical manpower. Implanted capabilities to manufacture industrial products and intermediate goods entail sustained relationships over extended periods of time between technology donors and recipient firms. It should be noted that problems and issues associated with the transfer of technology among industrialised countries are of a different order than transfers between industrially-advanced and newly industrialised countries, stemming from the much wider disparities in respective levels of technical knowledge and industrial capabilities.2 A further distinction also needs to be drawn between an ability to utilise acquired technology, with little or no alteration, and research and engineering capabilities to develop indigenous technology or to adjust acquired technology to local needs and conditions.
Acute Onset Infantile Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Two infants who were asymptomatic at birth and presented at 3 and 6 months of age with acute onset generalized muscle weakness and hypotonia following respiratory infection are reported from the Schneider’s Children Hospital, New Hyde Park, NY.
A Framework for Unrestricted Prenatal Whole-Genome Sequencing: Respecting and Enhancing the Autonomy of Prospective Parents.

Noninvasive, prenatal whole genome sequencing (NIPW) may be a technological reality in the near future, making available a vast array of genetic information early in pregnancy at no risk to the fetus or mother. Many worry that the timing, safety, and ease of the test will lead to informational overload and reproductive consumerism. The prevailing response among commentators has been to restrict conditions eligible for testing based on medical severity, which imposes disputed value judgments and devalues those living with eligible conditions. To avoid these difficulties, we propose an unrestricted testing policy, under which prospective parents could obtain information on any variant of known significance after a careful informed consent process that uses an interactive decision aid to deliver a mandatory presentation on the purposes, techniques, and limitations of genomic testing, as well as optional resources for reflection and consultation. This process would encourage thoughtful, informed deliberation ...
LINE-1 Retrotransposons as Neoplastic Biomarkers

Features of LINE-1 retrotransposons life cycle, most notably levels of promoter methylation and LINE-1-encoded proteins, ORF1p and ORF2p, have been studied for decades in various clinical specimens. LINE-1 promoter hypomethylation is commonly accepted to be a proxy for global DNA hypomethylation of the primary nuclear genome in cancer. This feature of LINE-1 retrotransposons occurs early during tumorigenesis and is common to many types of cancer; that is, both benign and malignant neoplasms exhibit LINE-1 hypomethylation and most subtypes of different types of cancers are LINE-1 hypomethylated. In comparison, about half of all neoplasms express LINE-1-encoded ORF1p and ORF2p. Finally, only 10–20 %, or less, of malignant neoplasms show evidence of rare LINE-1 retrotransposition events. We are only beginning to understand the complex regulation of LINE-1 retrotransposons in cancer and how LINE-1 retrotransposon may help drive tumorigenesis in human neoplasias.
Clinical and historical features of emergency department patients with pericardial effusions

Background Diagnosing pericardial effusion is critical for optimal patient care. Typically, clinicians use physical examination findings and historical features suggesting pericardial effusion to determine which patients require echocardiography. The diagnostic characteristics of these tools are not well described. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of historical features and sensitivity of clinical signs to inform clinicians when to proceed with echocardiogram. Methods A retrospective review of point-of-care echocardiograms performed over a two and a half year period in two emergency departments were reviewed for the presence of a pericardial effusion. Patient charts were reviewed and abstracted for presenting symptoms, historical features and clinical findings. The prevalence of presenting symptoms and historical features and the sensitivity of classic physical examination findings associated with pericardial effusion and tamponade were determined. Results One hundred and fifty-three patients with pericardial effusion were identified. Of these patients, the most common presenting complaint was chest pain and shortness of breath. Patients had no historical features that would suggest pericardial effusion in 37.5% of cases. None of the patients with pericardial effusion or pericardial tamponade had all of the elements of Beck's triad. The sensitivity of Beck's triad was found to be 0 (0%-19.4%). The sensitivity for one finding of Beck's triad to diagnose pericardial tamponade was 50% (28.0%-72.0%). Conclusion History and physical examination findings perform poorly as tests for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion or pericardial tamponade. Clinicians must liberally evaluate patients suspected of having a pericardial effusion with echocardiography.
A method of factor analysis for shape coordinates

Currently the most common reporting style for a geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis of anthropological data begins with the principal components of the shape coordinates to which the original landmark data have been converted. But this focus often frustrates the organismal biologist, mainly because principal component analysis (PCA) is not aimed at scientific interpretability of the loading patterns actually uncovered. The difficulty of making biological sense of a PCA is heightened by aspects of the shape coordinate setting that further diverge from our intuitive expectations of how morphometric measurements ought to combine. More than 50 years ago one of our sister disciplines, psychometrics, managed to build an algorithmic route from principal component analysis to scientific understanding via the toolkit generally known as factor analysis. This article introduces a modification of one standard factor-analysis approach, Henry Kaiser's varimax rotation of 1958, that accommodates two of the major differences between the GMM context and the psychometric context for these approaches: the coexistence of "general" and "special" factors of form as adumbrated by Sewall Wright, and the typical loglinearity of partial warp variance as a function of bending energy. I briefly explain the history of principal components in biometrics and the contrast with factor analysis, introduce the modified varimax algorithm I am recommending, and work three examples that are reanalyses of previously published cranial data sets. A closing discussion emphasizes the desirability of superseding PCA by algorithms aimed at anthropological understanding rather than classification or ordination.
Intentional utilization of strong nonlinearity in structural dynamics

Abstract Given that the conventional view in engineering design is to regard nonlinearity as either unwanted or detrimental–a “nuisance” to be at most tolerated and “designed around”–or as a mere perturbation of the predominantly linear dynamics, the two standard approaches of nonlinear structural dynamics were developed: The linearized and weakly nonlinear approaches. Yet, recent work has revealed the important benefits that strong nonlinearity offers over broad areas, from turbulent flows, fluid-structure interactions, vibration and shock isolation, and acoustic metamaterials, to energy harvesting, blast and acoustic mitigation, and nano/micro design. Indeed, it is the author’s view that accounting for, understanding of, and designing with strong nonlinearity will become a cornerstone of future engineering practice. This work focuses on constructive utilization of intentional strong nonlinearity to enable passive energy management in dynamical systems across spatial and temporal scales. After a brief review of recent applications, emphasis is given to passive blast mitigation of large-scale infrastructure.
E2 — M1 Admixtures in Transitions in Deformed and Transitional Even — Even Nuclei

When the nuclear spin — parity selection rules allow more than one multipole radiation in a gamma transition, only the two lowest multipole orders have been observed to compete. By far the most prevalent admixtures observed are E2/M1. As has been pointed out1), measurements of E2/M1 admixtures long have provided important tests of nuclear models in several different mass regions. This point was emphasized in earlier surveys 2–10) of E2/M1 multipole mixing ratios in which the available experimental data were compared with the predictions of various models. The most recent comparison of theory and experiment for E2/M1 admixed transitions from all classes of nuclei has been made by Grechukhin11) who surveyed the experimental data to January 1, 1968.
Caregiver burden and illness perceptions in caregivers of medically hospitalized youth with anorexia nervosa.

Abstract Caregiver burden is common in caregivers of youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) and could impede the successful implementation of family-based therapy (FBT). Thus, it is important to better understand mechanisms by which caregiver burden is developed and maintained. This study aimed to examine the relation between caregiver illness perceptions about AN, symptom severity indicators, and caregiver burden in a sample of medically hospitalized youth with AN. Fifty-one youth with AN (N = 34) or Atypical AN (AAN; N = 17; mean age = 14.85, SD = 1.41; 76% female) and their primary caregivers (N = 47 mothers and N = 4 fathers) completed self-report questionnaires at hospital admission. Collected data included caregiver and youth illness perceptions about AN, caregiver burden, and youth self-reports of psychological symptoms. Physiological data regarding symptom severity included admitting percent of expected body weight (%EBW) and minimum heart rate during admission. Findings indicated that caregiver beliefs about negative consequences of AN were associated with caregiver burden, independent of youth age, sex, illness duration, and diagnosis. Youth reports of symptom severity, %EBW, and low heart rate were not associated with increased caregiver burden. Findings suggest that the subjective experience of having a youth with AN are a greater determinant of caregiver burden than objective indicators of illness severity. Further, these findings provide support for the FBT clinician to strike a balance between providing information about the potential consequences of AN, while instilling hope for recovery and bolstering parent self-efficacy.
Intranasal Immunization with DnaK Protein Induces Protective Mucosal Immunity against Tuberculosis in CD4-Depleted Mice.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a global health challenge due to the limited efficacy of the Mtb vaccine in current use, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). To date, there is no available vaccine for immunocompromised individuals. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a new vaccine candidate which can induce mucosal immunity in hosts with different immune statuses. DnaK (HSP70) has been shown to induce protective immunity against Mtb infection when administered by DNA vaccine; however, the protection is inferior to that induced by the BCG vaccine. In our study, we vaccinated C57BL/6J mice with DnaK protein alone. Subcutaneous or intranasal vaccination with DnaK generated IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells in the spleen, but only intranasal vaccination generated IL-17-releasing CD4+ T cells in the lungs, even when circulating CD4+ T cells were diminished. Furthermore, intranasal vaccination with DnaK generated tissue resident CD4+ T cells in the lungs. Vaccination with DnaK alone resulted in protective immunity comparable to BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in mice. Our results demonstrate that intranasal vaccination with DnaK can generate mucosal immunity in immunocompromised or immunocompetent mice and DnaK vaccination can generate protection against Mtb similar to BCG, underscoring its potential utility as an Mtb vaccine candidate in humans.
Children in carts: digital rhetorics of Christian commission and capital

Compassion International is a prominent Christian humanitarian organization. Working primarily via a digital platform, Compassion International aims to connect financially stable sponsors with impo...
Overview of Nonclassical Cannabinoid Receptors

The vast majority of the biological effects of plant-derived cannabinoids and their endogenous mammalian counterparts are mediated by CB1 and CB2 receptors, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) identified by molecular cloning in the early 1990s. Since that time, there has been a growing body of pharmacological evidence indicating the existence of additional molecular targets for cannabinoids. This chapter overviews the nonclassical targets thought to be present in vascular endothelium, central nervous system and, possibly, other tissues, with emphasis on GPCRs. The possible relationship with orphan GPCR is discussed in greater detail, particularly GPR18, GPR55, GPR92, GPR119, and other GPCRs, which are reportedly activated by various endogenous, plant-derived, and synthetic cannabinoids.
Korea’s Financial Sector Reforms

Korea has made great strides in its financial sector reforms, but manychallenges remain. Most importantly these concern the deep links between corporate and financial sector reforms and the large fiscal resources required to resolve the current under capitalization of banks. This paper draws on work of other World Bank colleagues, in particular Ira Lieberman and Bill Mako. It also draws on information from the Korea government, in particular, Korean Government’s Economic Reform Progress Report. Helpful comments were received from Jose De Luna Martinez and participants in the conference, Asia: An Analysis of Financial Crisis, Chicago, October 8-10, 1998, jointly organized by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and International Monetary Fund. The opinions expressed are the authors’ own, however, and do not necessarily reflect those of the World Bank. For comments, please contact Stijn Claessens, e-mail: CClaessens@worldbank.org fax: (202) 522-2031.
Mutation of W457 Alters N-Hydroxy-L-Arginine Oxidation by Inducible no Synthase: A Single Turnover Study

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are homodimeric enzymes which catalyze Arg to nitric oxide and citrulline (1). Its subunits contain a N-terminal oxygenase domain which can bind Fe-protoporphyrin IX (heme), Arg, and the essential cofactor 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) and a C-terminal reductase domain containing binding sites for FAD, FMN, and NADPH.
Who's hiding? Room rate discounts in opaque distribution channels.

Abstract Selling hotel rooms through opaque distribution channels is an effective price discrimination instrument and a common hotel revenue management discounting practice. Similar to non-opaque channels, the opaque discount level and number of rooms are determined based on revenue-optimizing models. This study explores additional determinants, namely longer-term contextual factors that influence deep price discounts offered through opaque selling channels. Using customer-reported transaction data on opaque room rates in Houston between 2008 and 2015, we find that hotel class, operation mode, market structure, and online reputation each shape opaque discount practices. Specifically, upper-scale hotels, chain-operated hotels, hotels in decentralized markets, and hotels with low online reputations are most likely to offer deep discounts via opaque selling.
Alternative to Morse-Novikov Theory for closed 1-form (I)

This paper extends the Alternative to Morse-Novikov Theory we have proposed in [1] from real- and angle-valued map to closed 1-forms. For a topological closed 1-form on a compact ANR, a concept generalizing closed differential 1-form on a compact manifold, under the mild hypothesis of tameness, a fixed field and a non negative integer r, we propose two configurations {\delta}_r, from all real numbers to nonnegative integers, and {\gamma}_r, from positive numbers to nonnegative integers, which recover Novikov-Betti numbers and the Novikov complex associated with a Morse closed 1-form with non-degenerated zeros. Precisely, the sum of the multiplicities of the points in the support of {\delta} equals the Novikov-Betti number and that of the points in the support of {\gamma} equals the rank of the boundary map in the Novikov complex. We formulate the basic properties of these configurations, the stability and the Poincare duality when the underlying space is an orientable closed topological manifold, which in full generality will be proven in the second part of this work.
MANELA: A Multi-Agent Algorithm for Learning Network Embeddings.

Playing an essential role in data mining, machine learning has a long history of being applied to networks on multifarious tasks and has played an essential role in data mining. However, the discrete and sparse natures of networks often render it difficult to apply machine learning directly to networks. To circumvent this difficulty, one major school of thought to approach networks using machine learning is via network embeddings. On the one hand, this network embeddings have achieved huge success on aggregated network data in recent years. On the other hand, learning network embeddings on distributively stored networks still remained understudied: To the best of our knowledge, all existing algorithms for learning network embeddings have hitherto been exclusively centralized and thus cannot be applied to these networks. To accommodate distributively stored networks, in this paper, we proposed a multi-agent model. Under this model, we developed the multi-agent network embedding learning algorithm (MANELA) for learning network embeddings. We demonstrate MANELA's advantages over other existing centralized network embedding learning algorithms both theoretically and experimentally. Finally, we further our understanding in MANELA via visualization and exploration of its relationship to DeepWalk.
Photochemistry and Photobiology of Tetrapyrrole Pigments

For light to produce a photobiological effect in a living organism at least two conditions must be fulfilled. First, light must be absorbed by a photoreceptor molecule within the organism. Second, absorption and excitation of the photoreceptor must cause a significant biological response, generally via some photochemical reaction of the primary photoreceptor.
Changing demography of homeless adult populations

As the demographic characteristics of the US population have changed over the past decade, the characteristics of different homeless populations have changed as well. This study tracked changes in demographic characteristics of homeless adult, veteran, and healthcare service user populations against general adult and veteran populations from 2007-2017. The results showed that changing demographics of homeless populations largely reflected broader trends in the general population, and attention is needed on the clinical needs of aging homeless populations. There may be some unique changes in the demography of some homeless populations, such as younger homeless veterans seeking healthcare services.
From Baseball Icon to Crusading Columnist: How Jackie Robinson Used His Column in the African-American Press to Continue His Fight for Civil Rights in Sports

This study explores how Jackie Robinson continued his fight for civil rights in sports using his newspaper column in the New York Amsterdam News and syndicated in African-American newspapers during...