cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SDSS galaxy bias from halo mass-bias relation and its cosmological implications

We combine the measurements of luminosity dependence of bias with the luminosity dependent weak lensing analysis of dark matter around galaxies to derive the galaxy bias and constrain amplitude of mass fluctuations. We take advantage of theoretical and simulation predictions that predict that, while halo bias is rapidly increasing with mass for high masses, it is nearly constant in low mass halos. We use a new weak lensing analysis around the same Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies to determine their halo mass probability distribution. We use these halo mass probability distributions to predict the bias for each luminosity subsample. Galaxies below ${L}_{*}$ are antibiased with $bl1$ and for these galaxies bias is only weakly dependent on luminosity. In contrast, for galaxies above ${L}_{*}$ bias is rapidly increasing with luminosity. These observations are in an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on weak lensing halo mass determination combined with halo bias-mass relations. We find that for standard cosmological parameters theoretical predictions are able to explain the observed luminosity dependence of bias over six magnitudes in absolute luminosity. We combine the bias constraints with those from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the SDSS power spectrum analysis to derive new constraints on bias and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$. For the most general parameter space that includes running and neutrino mass, we find ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}=0.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ and ${b}_{*}=0.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$. In the context of spatially flat models we improve the limit on the neutrino mass for the case of three degenerate families from ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}l0.6\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ without bias to ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}l0.18\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ with bias (95% C.L.), which is weakened to ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}l0.24\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ if running is allowed. The corresponding limit for $3\text{ }\mathrm{\text{massless}}+1\text{ }\mathrm{\text{massive}}$ neutrino is 1.37 eV.
Irradiation creep under 60 MEV alpha irradiation

Abstract Accelerator-produced charged-particle beams have advantages over neutron irradiation for studying radiation effects in materials, the primary advantage being the ability to control precisely the experimental conditions and improve the accuracy in measuring effects of the irradiation. An apparatus has recently been built at ORNL to exploit this advantage in studying irradiation creep. These experiments employ a beam of 60 MeV alpha particles from the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC). The experimental approach and capabilities of the apparatus are described. The damage cross section, including events associated with inelastic scattering and nuclear reactions, is estimated. The amount of helium that is introduced during the experiments through inelastic processes and through backscattering is reported. Based on the damage rate, the damage processes and the helium-to-dpa ratio, the degree to which fast reactor and fusion reactor conditions may be simulated is discussed. Recent experimental results on the irradiation creep of type 316 stainless steel are presented, and are compared to light ion results obtained elsewhere. These results include the stress and temperature dependence of the formation rate under irradiation. The results are discussed in relation to various irradiation creep mechanisms and to damage microstructure as it evolves during these experiments.
Shape-It-Up: Hand gesture based creative expression of 3D shapes using intelligent generalized cylinders

We present a novel interaction system, ''Shape-It-Up'', for creative expression of 3D shapes through the naturalistic integration of human hand gestures with a modeling scheme dubbed intelligent generalized cylinders (IGC). To achieve this naturalistic integration, we propose a novel paradigm of shape-gesture-context interplay (SGCI) wherein the interpretation of gestures in the spatial context of a 3D shape directly deduces the designer's intent and the subsequent modeling operations. Our key contributions towards SGCI are threefold. Firstly, we introduce a novel representation (IGC) of generalized cylinders as a function of the spatial hand gestures (postures and motion) during the creation process. This representation allows for fast creation of shapes while retaining their aesthetic features like symmetry and smoothness. Secondly, we define the spatial contexts of IGCs as proximity functions of their representational components, namely cross-sections and the skeleton with respect to the hands. Finally, we define a natural association of modification and manipulation of the IGCs by combining the hand gestures with the spatial context. Using SGCI, we implement intuitive hand-driven shape modifications through skeletal bending, sectional deformation and sectional scaling schemes. The implemented prototype involves human skeletal tracking and hand posture classification using the depth data provided by a low-cost depth sensing camera (Kinect(TM)). With Shape-It-Up, our goal is to make the designer an integral part of the shape modeling process during early design, in contrast to the case for current CAD tools which segregate 3D sweep geometries into procedural 2D inputs in a non-intuitive and onerous process requiring extensive training. We conclusively demonstrate the modeling of a wide variety of 3D shapes within a few seconds.
Studies on the interrelation between Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Helicobacter pylori, and proton pump inhibitor therapy

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: The interrelation between Helicobacter pylori infection and proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with Zollinger- Ellison syndrome is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of these factors on parameters of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. METHODS: Prevalence of H. pylori was determined by biopsy and antibody testing in 84 patients. The influence of H. pylori status on clinical and laboratory parameters of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was evaluated. Seroconversion after surgery was assessed retrospectively in infected patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori exposure was 23% (10% with active infection). Acid output was higher in H. pylori-negative patients, but other clinical and biochemical parameters did not differ. Parameters were also similar for patients determined to be H. pylori positive by histology or antibody testing alone. Seroconversion rates did not differ between those rendered or not rendered disease free despite a significant reduction in acid output. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori infection is not a risk factor for peptic ulceration in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The prevalence is lower than in the general population and much lower than for patients with idiopathic peptic ulcer disease. Long-term omeprazole therapy in H. pylori-positive patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may-lead to a reduction in parietal cell mass. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jan;112(1):84-91)
Hepatic uptake of [99mTc]galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin is sensitive to receptor quantity

Abstract [Technetium-99m]galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (TcNGA) is a synthetic radioligand specific to the receptor, hepatic binding protein (HBP), which resides exclusively at the cell surface of hepatocytes. If the TcNGA time-activity data are to provide valid estimates of receptor biochemistry via pharmacokinetic modeling, the shape of the hepatic uptake curve must change with alterations in receptor concentration or affinity. An index of TcNGA hepatic uptake, T 90 , was obtained by calculating the time at which the liver time-activity curve reached 90% of its maximum. Receptor quantity was measured by Scatchard binding assay of liver biopsy samples obtained prior to each TcNGA study. The range of T 90 was 3.7–16.8 min; HBP quantity ranged from 0.022 to 0.100 μmol. Significant correlation ( r ) and slope ( b ) was observed between T 90 and HBP quantity ( r = 0.82, P = 0.003; t b = 3.98, P = 0.003). We concluded that the hepatic uptake of TcNGA is sensitive to HBP quantity.
Chemical forms of plant and soil iron as influenced by soil moisture

Experiments were conducted to determine whether soil moisture content has an effect on the chemical forms of plant and soil iron. Soybean plants, variety Lee, were grown on Adelanto loam soil under greenhouse conditions. Two different moisture levels, 75 per cent and 120 per cent of the moisture equivalent, were maintained in soil samples placed in individual containers. The same moisture treatments were used for separate soil samples on which the test plants were grown. Soil iron forms were determined in the moisture-treated soil by using different extracting agents. A significant decrease in soil iron extracted with 10−4 M EDTA from soil at the high moisture level was attributed to a relative increase in the free calcium ion. Soybean plants grown under the high moisture level were chlorotic while those under the low moisture level were green in appearance. Plant samples were taken at two stages of growth for subsequent analysis. The chemical analysis of the leaf tissues have shown the presence of equal amounts of total iron and less amounts of water-soluble and “active iron” in chlorotic tissues as compared to non-chlorotic tissues. The difference found between chlorotic and non-chlorotic plants in the amount of iron in the water extract was in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fraction. The water- and salt-soluble protein nitrogen was approximately the same in chlorotic and non-chlorotic leaves.
Quantum efficiencies for the production of electronically excited iodine atoms I ( 5 p 5 P 1 2 2 ) following laser photolysis of I 2 near 5000 Å

The production of electronically excited iodine atoms is observed by time-resolved atomic absorption spectroscopy following the dissociation of molecular iodine excited by a tunable dye laser to the $B^{3}\ensuremath{\Pi}_{{0}_{u}^{+}}$ state above and below the thermochemical dissociation limit. The quantum efficiency is independent of excitation wavelength above the dissociation limit. Substantial yields of $\mathrm{I}(5^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})$ are found for excitation as much as $4.5kT$ below the dissociation limit.
Rare-earth nuclei and the pseudo-SU(3) model|

An extended version of the pseudo-SU(3) model is used to describe low-energy positive-parity states of three rare-earth nuclei in a full proton-neutron formalism. Along with other residual interactions, the Hamiltonian includes the pairing which induces mixing between different representations of SU(3). Excitation energies, B(E2) values, B(M1) values, quadrupole moments, andgR factors of136Xe,138Ba, and204Hg are calculated in a truncation free environment and the results are compared with the experimental data and other theories.
The formation of citrovorum factor in the developing chick egg and the effect of injecting folic acid antagonists.

Abstract The proportion of citrovorum factor (CF) present in the developing chick egg increases with incubation time. The transfer of folic acid to the embryo occurs at a time concomitant with the greatest increase of this derivative. Homogenates of both yolk sac and embryonic liver promote the enzymic synthesis of CF from pteroylglutamic acid (PGA). Injection of either Methotrexate or Aminopterin into the yolk on the eighth day of incubation inhibits the in vitro conversion of PGA by yolk sac homogenates 2 and 4 days later and the conversion by embryonic liver homogenates 10 days later. The persistent inhibition of these antagonists decreases the amount of CF found in whole egg.
Anesthetic management for intra-arterial therapy in stroke.

Purpose of review Efforts in intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke mainly focus on new devices to reperfuse ischemic brain. Equally, if not more important is the anesthesiologists' role in controlling the consciousness level as well as anxiety, movement, airway and respiration and hemodynamic parameters and in a nutshell the safety of patients in a timely manner. We find paucity in studies designed to show the ideal method, level of anesthesia and optimal hemodynamic parameters for these. This review is designed to relate current thought process and debate on the best anesthetic method for this population. Recent findings The primary argument in literature regarding anesthetic management in acute ischemic stroke lies in the sedation level. The ongoing debate is whether general anesthesia is better than local anesthesia with or without sedation. Both sides bring their own argument, which seem legitimate but the bulk of the data are based on retrospective experiences rather than a well designed prospective randomized study. The definition of local vs. general anesthesia is still unclear. Retrospective studies mostly fail to identify cases that had to be converted to general anesthesia, which may influence the outcome. Less has been attributed to the importance of hemodynamic control which seems more important regardless of the anesthetic technique. The potential protective and harmful effect of the anesthetics used needs to be considered as well. Summary Current literature review on anesthetic considerations of intra-arterial treatment of acute ischemic stroke emphasizes the need for well designed prospective studies to demonstrate the role of anesthetics in brain protection if any as well as define a suitable sedation method and guidelines for hemodynamic parameters.
Time- and frequency-domain models for Smith-Purcell radiation from a two-dimensional charge moving above a finite length grating.

Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR), formed by an electron beam traveling above a grating, is a very promising source of coherent radiation from the THz to the optical regime. We present two theoretical calculations of the SPR from a two-dimensional bunch of relativistic electrons passing above a grating of finite length. The first calculation uses the finite-difference time-domain approach with the total-field/scattered-field procedure for fields incident on the grating. This calculation allows good physical insight into the radiation process and also allows arbitrary geometries to be treated. The second calculation uses an electric-field integral equation method. Good agreement is obtained between these two calculations. The results of these theoretical calculations are then compared with a theoretical formalism based on an infinite-length grating. The latter formalism allows periodic boundary conditions to be rigorously applied. For gratings with less than {approx}50 periods, a significant error in the strength of the radiated field is introduced by the infinite-grating approximation. It is shown that this error disappears asymptotically as the number of periods increases. The Wood-Rayleigh anomalies, predicted in the infinite-grating approximation, were not seen in our finite-grating calculations. The SPR resonance condition is the same in all three formalisms. Numerical examples are presented for anmore » {approx}18 MeV, 50 nC/m, 200 {mu}m bunch traveling 0.6 mm above a ten-period echelle grating having a 2.1-mm periodicity.« less
Mechanical Properties of Metallic Films on Sapphire

A knowledge of interfacial mechanical properties is of considerable importance to the areas of oxidation, corrosion, metallization, and composite materials. We have developed an experimental apparatus capable of simultaneous measurements of elastic and anelastic properties of materials in controlled atmospheres (10−6 to 104 Pa) from 25 to 1000°C. The apparatus employs the technique of dynamic reasonance in which a material’s mechanical resonance spectrum can be determined over a range 102 to 105 Hz with resolution ±0.001 Hz. This resolution has enabled us to determine the mechanical properties of films as thin as approximately 10 nm. We shall present resonance results for thin films (~100 nm) of nickel and gold on sapphire substrates. These results suggest that nickel films on sapphire are adherent, i.e., cyclic strain is continuous at the film-substrate interface, over a range of temperature about the film growth temperature; whereas gold films show nonadherent behavior at all temperatures studied.
Predisaster trait anxiety and negative affect predict posttraumatic stress in youths after hurricane Katrina

On the basis of theory and previous research, it was hypothesized that predisaster child trait anxiety would predict disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptoms and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, even after controlling for the number of hurricane exposure events. Results support this hypothesis and further indicate that predisaster negative affect predicted disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptoms and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms. Also, Katrina-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were predicted by the number of hurricane exposure events and sex (being female). Predisaster generalized anxiety disorder symptoms predicted postdisaster generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, and predisaster trait anxiety predicted postdisaster depressive symptoms. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for developing interventions to mitigate the impact of disasters in youths.
An analytical model for recirculating conveyors with stochastic inputs and outputs

Abstract An algorithm is developed for the analysis of the traffic behaviour in the recirculating conveyor with stochastic inputs and outputs. The approach is through the theory of conveyor systems as ordered entry queueing systems, extended to include models with recirculation. The analysis of overflow traffic from loss models and the superposition of two general point processes combine to yield an approximation for the first two moments of the processes on both the outward and inward cycles of the conveyor. A simulation model of the conveyor is also developed. A comparison of the simulation with the algorithm not only indicates the accuracy of the algorithm, but points out the inherent shortcomings of the simulation approach. This effect is dramatized as the value of the traffic intensity is increased.
Computer-based instruction and generative strategies: Conceptual framework & illustrative example

Adult students who are enrolled in higher education must experience computer-based instruction that is well-designed in terms of both efficiency and relevance. Published practical examples of processes that will result in such instruction are rare. This article begins by describing the needs of adult students who are enrolled in higher education. Then, this article describes a project in which Morrison, Ross, and Kemp's (2004) curvilinear instructional design model was used to create computer-based instruction in the field of developmental mathematics. Both the design and development phases are described. The article concludes with implications for others who might use a similar approach in higher education.
Peacebuilding in Indonesia: Christian–Muslim Alliances in Ambon Island

This article aims to examine two major issues: (1) religious roots of reconciliation and forgiveness, which are often unfortunately forgotten in the academic discussion of peacebuilding and peace policy-related issues, and (2) Christians' and Muslims' attempts to quell interreligious violence and prevent renewed outbreaks in the conflict zone of Ambon of the Moluccas (Maluku) in eastern Indonesia. More specifically, it discusses the role of Ambonese Christian and Muslim leaders in the process of interreligious peacemaking and reconciliation. A comparative study of conciliation within Islam and Christianity, the piece investigates factors underlying Christian–Muslim collaboration for establishing peaceful settlement in the region. Unlike most previous analyses and studies, which have tended to undermine the contribution of religion in the conflict settings of Ambon, the article shows that religious identities, discourses, and actors have contributed to and also enhanced the chances for peace and reconcilia...
Indications for and current results with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with myelofibrosis

To the editor: We enjoyed the recent authoritative review by Dr Tefferi on current management of patients with myelofibrosis.[1][1] The article provides guidance for hematologists and oncologists in both academic settings and community-based practices. We would like to complement those
Elastic differential cross sections for space radiation applications

The eikonal, partial wave (PW) Lippmann-Schwinger, and three-dimensional Lippmann-Schwinger (LS3D) methods are compared for nuclear reactions that are relevant for space radiation applications. Numerical convergence of the eikonal method is readily achieved when exact formulas of the optical potential are used for light nuclei $(A\ensuremath{\le}16)$, and the momentum-space representation of the optical potential is used for heavier nuclei. The PW solution method is known to be numerically unstable for systems that require a large number of partial waves, and, as a result, the LS3D method is employed. The effect of relativistic kinematics is studied with the PW and LS3D methods and is compared to eikonal results. It is recommended that the LS3D method be used for high-energy nucleon-nucleus reactions and nucleus-nucleus reactions at all energies because of its rapid numerical convergence and stability.
Sparse data structure and algorithm for the phase field method

The concepts of sparse data structures and related algorithms for phase field simulations are discussed. Simulations of polycrystalline grain growth with a conventional phase field method and with sparse data structures are compared. It is shown that memory usage and simulation time scale with the number of nodes but are independent of the number of order parameters when a sparse data structure is used.
Status of Closed Chest Cardiac Massage

This paper describes the steps in the development of the closed chest defibrillator which led to the discovery that, by applying external heart massage to the closed chest with concomitant artificial respiration, it is possible to provide sufficient artificial circulation of oxygenated blood to maintain the heart and brain alive for an hour or more. The results of the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to 301 patients at The Johns Hopkins Hospital are also presented and discussed.
Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction.

Seven hundred fifteen participants from a multicenter natural history study of acute myocardial infarction were studied (1) to determine the correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability, (2) to determine the correlations between the measures of heart period variability and previously established post-infarction risk predictors, and (3) to determine the predictive value of time domain measures of heart period variability for death during follow-up after acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-four hour electrocardiographic recordings obtained 11 +/- 3 days after acute myocardial infarction were analyzed and 11 measures of heart period variability were computed. Each of 4 bands in the heart period power spectrum had 1 or 2 corresponding variables in the time domain that correlated with it so strongly (r greater than or equal to 0.90) that the variables were essentially equivalent: ultra low frequency power with SDNN* and SDANN index,* very low frequency power and low-frequency power with SDNN index,* and high-frequency power with r-MSSD* and pNN50.* As expected from theoretical considerations, SDNN and the square root of total power were almost perfectly correlated. Correlations between the time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability and previously identified postinfarction risk predictors, e.g., left ventricular ejection fraction and ventricular arrhythmias, are remarkably weak. Time domain measures of heart period variability, especially those that measure ultra low or low-frequency power, are strongly and independently associated with death during follow-up. * Defined in Table II.
Sūrat Maryam (Q. 19): Lexicon, Lexical Echoes, English Translation

Q. 19 (Sūrat Maryam) – an end-rhyming, and, by general consensus, middle to late Meccan sura of 98 (or 99) verses – has been the subject of considerable exegetical and scholarly attention. Besides commentary, naturally, in every tafsīr of the Qur'an, Sura 19 has also benefited from separate, individual treatment. It has been the object of special attention by modern Western scholars, in particular those of comparative religion and of Christianity, whose attention has centred largely on the virtue and piety of Mary, on the miraculous nature of the birth of Jesus, on Jesus' ministry, and on how Jesus' time on Earth came to an end. In addition, Sura 19 is a favourite of the interfaith community. Given this sustained and multivectored scrutiny, it is remarkable how little analysis has been devoted to its lexicon. This article is a contribution to the study of the lexicon of this sura, with a particular emphasis on three features: rhyming end words, hapaxes, and repeating words and roots, some of which occur i...
A theoretical analysis of the effect of forest structure on synthetic aperture radar backscatter and the remote sensing of biomass

Stand level forest canopy structure as measured by the size, density, and distribution of the stems, branches, and leaves may have a strong effect on SAR backscatter. This study used the Michigan Microwave Canopy Scattering model (MIMICS) and forest canopy biometric data from tropical and subtropical broadleaf forests to simulate a series of forest stands having equivalent above ground biomass while still exhibiting substantial structural differences. The model stands were made to represent a wide range of basic structural differences found in Earth’s broadleaf forests. The radar response to these structural differences is shown for the NASNJPL AIRSAR P-, L-, and C-band quadpol. configuration at incidence angles of 20°, 40°, and 60°. Results for three sets of equal-biomass-foreststands were generated: five structural types having a total above ground biomass of 5 kg/m2 (50 tonha), three structural types at 15 kg/m2 (150 tonsha), and three structural types at 30 kg/m2 (300 tonsha). Simplified model input were used to reduce the number of geometric variables tested across the range of structural types. The potential effect that extreme structural differences might have on the biomass signal and saturation threshold was assessed. Results indicate that structure can have a considerable effect on the SAR return for forests with equivalent above ground biomass. Differences in backscatter of up to 18 dB were predicted for some bands and polarizations. A forest canopy structural descriptor derived from the vegetation surface area to volume ratio (SAN), which is a measure of stuctural consolidation, appears to explain the differences in backscatter. In many vegetation stands structural consolidation is directly related to an increase in biomass during the "thinning phase" of forest succession. This structural effect may explain the good relationship between SAR backscatter and biomass in these cases.
Charm, Beauty, and Beyond

To search for the possible existence of the fourth generation of quarks, it is best to begin what we know for sure, which then can serve as a base for making guesses at what is coming. Here I shall report mainly the recent work done with Hai-Yang Cheng analyzing the recent data of exclusive two-body charm decays, and extracting their theoretical implications as well as pointing out future interesting experiments, based upon the quark diagram scheme. Using the same approach, we also classified the rare charmless beauty particle decays and estimated their branching ratios. We also pointed out decay channels of B meson decays with large partial decay rate differences for experimental search. Finally we emphasize again that it is possible for charm particle decays to have large partial decay rate differences if the fourth generation of quark exists. Of special interest are those partial decay rate differences coming solely from the tree-diagram interferences, which depends only on the existence of the fourth generation of quarks but not on their masses. It is therefore important to search for such charm, partial decay rate differences.
Antibodies Specific for the High-Molecular-Weight Adhesion Proteins of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Are Opsonophagocytic for both Homologous and Heterologous Strains

The HMW1/HMW2-like adhesion proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) are expressed by 75% of NTHI strains. Antibodies directed against these proteins are opsonophagocytic in vitro and are protective in an animal model of infection. The objective of the present study was to determine the opsonophagocytic activity of high-titer anti-HMW1/HMW2 immune sera against both homologous and heterologous NTHI strains. Chinchillas were immunized with purified HMW1/HMW2-like proteins from five prototype NTHI strains. Serum opsonophagocytic activity was monitored in an assay that uses a human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60, as the source of phagocytic cells. Preimmune sera did not demonstrate opsonophagocytic killing of any strains. In contrast, the immune sera demonstrated killing of the five homologous NTHI strains at titers ranging from 1:320 to 1:640. The immune sera also demonstrated killing of eight heterologous NTHI strains that express HMW1/HMW2-like proteins at titers ranging from 0 to 1:640. Killing of heterologous strains sometimes demonstrated a prozone phenomenon. None of the immune sera killed NTHI strains that did not express HMW1/HMW2-like proteins. Adsorption of immune sera with HMW1/HMW2-like proteins purified from either homologous or heterologous NTHI strains eliminated opsonophagocytic killing of homologous strains in most cases. These data demonstrate that antibodies produced following immunization with the HMW1/HMW2-like proteins are opsonophagocytic for both homologous and heterologous NTHI and strongly suggest that common epitopes recognized by functionally active antibodies exist on the HMW1/HMW2-like proteins of unrelated NTHI strains. The results argue for the continued investigation of the HMW1/HMW2-like proteins as potential vaccine candidates for the prevention of NTHI disease.
Localized positioning in ad hoc networks

Position centric approaches, such as Cartesian routing, geographic routing, and the recently proposed trajectory based forwarding (TBF), address scalability issues in large ad hoc networks by using Euclidean space as a complementary name space. These approaches require. that nodes know their position in a common coordinate system. While a GPS receiver in each node would be ideal, in many cases an approximation algorithm is necessary for networks with only a few GPS enabled nodes. These algorithms however require collaboration of large portions of the network, thus imposing an overhead for nodes which do not need positioning, or are mobile. We propose Local Positioning System (LPS), a method that makes use of local node capabilities-angle of arrival, range estimations, compasses and accelerometers, in order to internally position only the groups of nodes involved in particular conversations. Localized positioning enables position centric uses, like discovery, flooding and routing in networks where global positioning is not available.
Corn Stover Removal for Expanded Uses Reduces Soil Fertility and Structural Stability

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is an asset to recycle essential plant nutrients and buffer soil against natural and human perturbations. Its indiscriminate removal for industrial uses may thus adversely impact soil fertility and productivity. Research data on the impacts of stover removal are needed to establish threshold levels of stover management. Thus, this study documented the 4-yr impacts of a systematic removal of stover on selected soil fertility indicators and structural stability across three contrasting soils in Ohio under no-till (NT) management, including a Rayne silt loam, Celina silt loam, and Hoytville clay loam. Stover was removed at rates of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% after harvest for 4 yr. Complete stover removal reduced the total N pool by, on average, 0.82 Mg ha -1 in the silt loams but had no effect in the clay loam. It reduced available P by 40% and exchangeable Ca +2 and Mg +2 and the cation exchange capacity by 10% on the sloping silt loam. Exchangeable K + decreased by 15% on the silt loams for stover treatments ≥75% removal and by 25% under complete removal on the clay loam in the 0- to 10-cm depth. Stover removal at rates ≥25% reduced soil macroaggregates (>4.75 mm) by 40% in nearly level soils while 100% removal reduced them by 60% on the sloping soil. Available P and K + were predictors (R 2 = 0.77) of grain yield while soil organic C (SOC) and total N pools were predictors (R 2 = 0.45) of stover yield on the sloping silt loam. Based on the data (e.g., SOC pools) from this and previous studies, we determined that only about 25% of stover might be available for removal, and that stover removal has the most adverse impacts on sloping and erosion-prone soils.
GETTING BACK TO THE BASICS IN TEACHING ENGINEERING: LET US START WITH PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE

The purpose of an undergraduate laboratory course in concrete should be to familiarize civil engineering and technology students with two of the most important materials on construction: portland cement (PC), and PC concrete (PCC). The aim is to assist students in gaining an understanding of PC and PCC through the physical handing and testing of these materials in the laboratory environment. This guest editorial outlines the six elements of instruction he believes should be included in an undergraduate concrete laboratory course: an understanding of the basic materials that go into a PCC mix (aggregates, various types of portland cement, and how it is tested and manufactured, water, and an explanation of additives); guidance for the students in developing the mix design that their work squad will use in the course; preparation of specimens for compression, flexure, methods of determining tensile strength, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, and the interaction of steel and concrete; an understanding of the importance of curing and proper methods for the handling of fresh concrete; an understanding of the relationship between concrete strength, time, and mixture ingredients, particularly the water-to-cement ratio; and the testing of the prepared specimens and the preparation of detailed reports based upon these tests. The author believes that today's problem with engineering education is not balancing engineering theory with design, but determining the appropriate sequence of instruction. He questions whether today's faculty, trained in engineering theory and largely lacking in industrial experience, as evidenced by the profuse lack of engineering licenses, can successfully impart the new engineering philosophy.
AFM characterization of the interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites subjected to hygrothermal treatments

The interface quality of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites is critical to the structural integrity of composites. The environment in which composites are used also has significant effects on their performance. The objective of this work is to characterize CFRP composites, their interface and the effect of hygrothermal treatments using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The cross-sections of three CFRP epoxy composites were polished and investigated with AFM. AFM height images showed fibers higher than matrix caused by polishing. Hygroscopic treatment progressively reduced the height difference between fiber and matrix indicating the swelling of matrix by absorption of moisture. Thermal treatment increased the height difference, believed to be caused by matrix shrinkage resulted from additional cure under elevated temperature. The sheath-core structure of AS4 and T700 fibers manifested itself in both height and phase AFM images. AFM phase images revealed fiber/matrix interface susceptible to hygrothermal environments, implying that degradation and failures likely initiate at the interface.
Implications of Plant Remains from the East Face of Monks Mound

AbstractFlotation-recovered plant remains from a series of 11 sod block samples, 7 features, a limestone concentration, and a mass of organic debris provide insights into the construction of Monks Mound. The presence of uncarbonized seeds exclusively of annuals (other than those of perennial elderberry and wild grape, which probably represent food remains) indicates that the construction of Monks Mound was relatively continuous. The presence of quillwort megaspores and other indicators of wetlands provide additional data on how Monks Mound was constructed and where some borrow and/or sod blocks were likely obtained to construct at least part of this monument.
Effect of additives on the microstructure and thermal properties of a mica-based glass-ceramic.

Previous work has shown that lithium mica glass-ceramics were excellent potential candidates as dental ceramics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various additives on the microstructure and thermal properties of a mica glass-ceramic in the system Li2O-K2O-SiO2-MgO-F. Five glass compositions were prepared: a base composition and four compositions with various additives. The compositions were melted at 1400 °C for 2 h and cast into 50 × 8 mm ingots. Differential thermal analyses were performed on the glasses up to 1400 °C. Bars (4 × 8 × 25 mm) were cut from the ingots and heat treated at various temperatures. The crystalline phases were analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The percent crystallinity, crystal density, and average particle size were calculated from stereology measurements. X-ray diffraction revealed that the major crystalline phase was taeniolite for all glass-ceramics. Differential thermal analyses showed that the crystallization exotherm occurred in the temperature range 600–700 °C. The addition of calcium fluoride was most efficient in promoting the growth of mica crystals. Larger mica plate diameter could be beneficial to the crack-propagation resistance of the glass-ceramic. The addition of aluminum phosphate promoted nucleation rather than crystal growth and led to a significantly lower glass transition temperature and crystallization exotherm temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 146–151, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10122
Prostate Specific Antigen Velocity Threshold for Predicting Prostate Cancer in Young Men

Purpose: Longitudinal changes in prostate specific antigen are increasingly used to guide the recommendation for biopsy. Prostate specific antigen velocity 0.75 ng/ml yearly has been proposed to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostate conditions. However, this threshold might be too high in young men with lower total prostate specific antigen.Materials and Methods: In a large prostate cancer screening study 6,844 men were 60 years or younger at study entry and prostate specific antigen velocity calculation was possible. Of these men 346 (5%) were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer and various prostate specific antigen velocity thresholds were examined for prediction of prostate cancer risk. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether prostate specific antigen velocity is an independent predictor of prostate cancer in men younger than 60 years.Results: Median prostate specific antigen velocity was significantly higher in men who were later diagnosed with prostate cancer than ...
Hyperlipidemia and thrombotic complications in patients with membranous nephropathy

Membranous nephropathy (MN), the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS) in Caucasians, is associated commonly with the secondary complications of hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulability. These may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, alter the rate of progression of renal disease, and raise the risk for thromboembolic events. The treatment of these secondary effects remains controversial. Although no clear practice guidelines are available to assist the clinician in deciding how and when to start disease-modifying therapies, the literature provides enough information to make reasonable decisions in most clinical scenarios. Prospective trials in the future will provide definitive information on how to best treat these abnormalities.
Hardware for information processing systems: Today and in the future

A broad, panoramic view of the history, current state-of-the-art, and predicted developments in the central processor, main memory, and peripheral areas of information processing systems is presented. The historic development is discussed by machine generations, and within each generation, the then current state-of-the-art of the three pertinent areas. Emphasis is placed upon the third or current generation, with future trends and developments receiving the second emphasis. The extrapolation technique employed in generating the data for the 1970 projections is described.
Deacetylation of p53 induces autophagy by suppressing Bmf expression

Interferon γ (IFN-γ)–induced cell death is mediated by the BH3-only domain protein, Bik, in a p53-independent manner. However, the effect of IFN-γ on p53 and how this affects autophagy have not been reported. The present study demonstrates that IFN-γ down-regulated expression of the BH3 domain-only protein, Bmf, in human and mouse airway epithelial cells in a p53-dependent manner. p53 also suppressed Bmf expression in response to other cell death–stimulating agents, including ultraviolet radiation and histone deacetylase inhibitors. IFN-γ did not affect Bmf messenger RNA half-life but increased nuclear p53 levels and the interaction of p53 with the Bmf promoter. IFN-γ–induced interaction of HDAC1 and p53 resulted in the deacetylation of p53 and suppression of Bmf expression independent of p53’s proline-rich domain. Suppression of Bmf facilitated IFN-γ–induced autophagy by reducing the interaction of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2. Furthermore, autophagy was prominent in cultured bmf−/− but not in bmf+/+ cells. Collectively, these observations show that deacetylation of p53 suppresses Bmf expression and facilitates autophagy.
Developing Ethical Guidelines for Creating Social Media Technology Policy in Social Work Classrooms

This paper will discuss social media technology in the context of social work education. While social media technology is prevalent in social work education, most discourse about ethical use of social media in the classroom has taken a prescriptive and overly cautious approach that neglects the context dependent nature that social work educators teach in as well as the overwhelmingly positive potential of social media technology in the classroom. This paper utilizes social constructivist theory and the Competing Values framework to guide the development of an ethical decision making framework for social work educators to use in order to create dynamic classroom policies related to social media technology. The authors strive to make a modest contribution to the existing literature related to social media technology and social work through the development of this new ethical decision making framework and discourse related to social media technology, ethics, and social work education.
Neutrino oscillations in matter

Abstract Neutron oscillations can be drammatically altered in the presence of matter. This effect can give a natural explanation of the solar neutrino problem. Recent experiments are analyzed in this framework and bounds on neutrino masses and mixing parameters are given.
Math and Reading Differences Between 6-8 and K-8 Grade Span Configurations: A Multiyear, Statewide Analysis

We analyzed the effect of grade span configurations (i.e., 6-8 versus K-8) on reading and math performance in Texas public schools for the last 5 school years. Participants in this study were 628 Texas schools (i.e., 314 middle schools and 314 K-8 schools) distributed across the 5 school years examined. Schools configured as K-8 schools were matched to middle schools using a rigorous distance-based formula. All 15 reading comparisons (i.e., grade level by school year) yielded statistically significant results, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. Eleven of the 15 math comparisons yielded statistically significant results, with all of the effect sizes being small. Regardless of student grade level or school year examined, students who were enrolled in K-8 schools had higher average passing rates on the TAKS Reading and Math assessments than did students enrolled in middle schools. Implications of our findings are discussed.
The Formal Evolutionary Development of Low Entropy Dendritic Thermal Systems

The present work explores the formal evolutionary development of complex thermal physical systems using a bio-inspired evolutionary method. The bio-inspired method consists of Lindenmayer systems (L-systems) with its turtle interpretation for the modeling of the complex dendritic structures, the finite element method for the analysis of the structure and an evolutionary algorithm to evolve the topology of the dendritic structure. With this method, we investigate the optimal topology of a highly conductive dendritic structure for draining excessive thermal energy from a fixed area subject to uniform heat generation. The results show that the evolutionary approach can yield complex, dendritic topologies that are highly performing and robust. Moreover, our results demonstrate that a better performance in heat removal implies an increased complexity of the draining system; and that there is an optimal level of complexity beyond which the performance of the system is not substantially improved. Finally, we discuss the robustness of hierarchical, dendritic complex topologies for heat transfer systems.
Verhulst and Poisson Distributions

The logistic curve (or Verhulst sigmoid curve) sometimes is used in spatial econometrics (see, e.g., Domencich and McFadden, 1975; Paelinck and Klaassen, 1979, pp. 68–72, 156–168). Two examples will be given hereafter, one for estimation in the binary case, the other for a dynamic specification. A related Poisson distribution problem is then treated; the latter distribution is less frequently used, because count data have to be available for econometric treatment.
The influence of regime type on Russian foreign policy toward “the West,” 1992–2015

Abstract Russia's foreign policy does not follow directly from the nature of its internal political system but rather from the interaction of that political system with other political systems. Russian policy toward the Western world is best understood in terms of the capacity of Russia's post-Soviet rulers to achieve two goals that are in implicit tension with each other. They are: a) maximizing the benefit to the Russian state of the country's multifaceted relations with the Western world; and b) securing Russia's status as the undisputed hegemon throughout the country's historical borderlands. These broad policy objectives—shared by Russian liberals and nationalists alike–have been common to both the Yeltsin and Putin administrations, albeit expressed in different ways over time and with differing expectations of being able to reconcile the two. Building upon authoritarian and interventionist patterns established early in the Yeltsin years and reacting to the West's refusal to acknowledge Russian regional primacy, Putin has consolidated an arbitrary personalist regime at home and waged war along the Russian periphery, even at the cost of relations with the Western world. In this respect, Putin's regime may usefully be seen as a “state-nation” with a strong imperial imprint, building upon powerful legacies of Russian political development. The removal of Putin from power will not in se change that regime type or key challenges in Russian–Western relations.
The Survival of Asceticism in Education

(1914). The Survival of Asceticism in Education. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 10-18.