cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancements in composition and structural characterization of bone to inform mechanical outcomes and modeling

Advancements in imaging, computing, microscopy, chromatography, spectroscopy and biological manipulations of animal models, have allowed for a more thorough examination of the hierarchical structure and composition of the skeleton. The ability to map cellular and molecular changes to nano-scale chemical composition changes (mineral, collagen cross-links) and structural changes (porosity, lacuno-canalicular network) to whole bone mechanics is at the forefront of an exciting era of discovery. In addition, there is increasing ability to genetically mimic phenotypes of human disease in animal models to study these structural and compositional changes. Combined, these recent developments have increased the ability to understand perturbations at multiple length scales to better realize the structure-function relationship in bone and inform biomechanical models. The intent of this review is to describe the multiple scales at which bone can characterized, highlighting new techniques such that structural, compositional, and biological changes can be incorporated into biomechanical modeling.
Ecological Evidence for Lower Risk of Lymphoma with Greater Exposure to Sunlight and Higher Altitude

Introduction: Sunlight exposure increases vitamin D-related immune modulation and motility of T lymphocytes. Blue light exposure from the sun can stimulate immune function and help promote healthy ...
The Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Development of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), the Asian Citrus Psyllid.

The effects of six average daily temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35°C, that were either constant or fluctuating over 24 h on development times of California-sourced Diaphorina citri Kuwayama nymphs were examined. Thermal performance curves for immature stages of D. citri were characterized using one linear and six nonlinear models (i.e., Ratkowsky, Lobry-Rosso-Flandrois, Lactin-2, Briere-2, Beta, and Performance-2). Daily thermal fluctuations had significant effects on development times of D. citri nymphs, which differed across experimental temperatures. Diaphorina citri nymphs reared at constant temperatures completed development faster than those reared under fluctuating profiles with equivalent temperature means. Linear model estimates of degree-days required for completion of cumulative development of D. citri were 25% lower for constant temperatures when compared with fluctuating temperature regimens. Nonlinear model estimations of optimum developmental temperature and upper theoretical temperature bounds for development were similar for individuals reared under constant and fluctuating temperatures. Nevertheless, the estimated values of lower theoretical temperature limits above which development occurred were lower under fluctuating than constant temperatures. A meta-analysis of published D. citri temperature-dependent development literature, synthesizing datasets of five globally distributed populations (Brazil, California, China, Florida, and Japan) reared under different constant temperatures on six different host plants (i.e., Citrus limonia, C. sinensis cv Natal, C. sinensis cv. Pera, C. reticulata, Fortunella margarita, and Murraya paniculata), together with the results of this study (C. volkameriana), revealed convergence in estimates of developmental parameters. These results have implications for predicting D. citri invasion and establishment risk and subsequent population performance across various climactic gradients and geographic regions.
Practices to Foster Physician Presence and Connection With Patients in the Clinical Encounter.

Importance Time constraints, technology, and administrative demands of modern medicine often impede the human connection that is central to clinical care, contributing to physician and patient dissatisfaction. Objective To identify evidence and narrative-based practices that promote clinician presence, a state of awareness, focus, and attention with the intent to understand patients. Evidence Review Preliminary practices were derived through a systematic literature review (from January 1997 to August 2017, with a subsequent bridge search to September 2019) of effective interpersonal interventions; observations of primary care encounters in 3 diverse clinics (n = 27 encounters); and qualitative interviews with physicians (n = 10), patients (n = 27), and nonmedical professionals whose occupations involve intense interpersonal interactions (eg, firefighter, chaplain, social worker; n = 30). After evidence synthesis, promising practices were reviewed in a 3-round modified Delphi process by a panel of 14 researchers, clinicians, patients, caregivers, and health system leaders. Panelists rated each practice using 9-point Likert scales (−4 to +4) that reflected the potential effect on patient and clinician experience and feasibility of implementation; after the third round, panelists selected their “top 5” practices from among those with median ratings of at least +2 for all 3 criteria. Final recommendations incorporate elements from all highly rated practices and emphasize the practices with the greatest number of panelist votes. Findings The systematic literature review (n = 73 studies) and qualitative research activities yielded 31 preliminary practices. Following evidence synthesis, 13 distinct practices were reviewed by the Delphi panel, 8 of which met criteria for inclusion and were combined into a final set of 5 recommendations: (1) prepare with intention (take a moment to prepare and focus before greeting a patient); (2) listen intently and completely (sit down, lean forward, avoid interruptions); (3) agree on what matters most (find out what the patient cares about and incorporate these priorities into the visit agenda); (4) connect with the patient’s story (consider life circumstances that influence the patient’s health; acknowledge positive efforts; celebrate successes); and (5) explore emotional cues (notice, name, and validate the patient’s emotions). Conclusions and Relevance This mixed-methods study identified 5 practices that have the potential to enhance physician presence and meaningful connection with patients in the clinical encounter. Evaluation and validation of the outcomes associated with implementing the 5 practices is needed, along with system-level interventions to create a supportive environment for implementation.
Rotational statistics in granular flows of smooth cylindrical particles

We report the results of an experiment to investigate the energy dissipation in the rotational degree of freedom for smooth cylindrical particles in a driven granular flow. The 2D geometry and the experimental design allow for the measurement of three degrees of freedom in the dynamics: the rotational degree of freedom for the disks to spin about their cylindrical axes as well as the two translational degrees of freedom of the particles within the cell. The rotational velocity statistics demonstrate non-Gaussian behavior as well as a significant amount of energy being dissipated through the flow via the tangential friction between particles. These results are significant in that many driven granular experiments use smooth cylindrical or spherical particles to investigate granular dynamics, but the contribution to the dynamics from the rotational degrees of freedom is often unmeasured.
Survival differences by race after minimally invasive versus open radical hysterectomy.

6029Background: Black patients with cervical cancer have historically experienced worse survival compared with white women, as well as decreased rates of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) including ...
Biologic effects of CP-724,714, a selective HER-2/neu kinase inhibitor, on human breast cancer cells with variable expression of EGFR and HER-2

4556 HER-2/neu and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are Type I receptor tyrosine kinase receptors which consist of an extracellular ligand binding domain, transmembrane domain, tyrosine kinase domain, and intracellular cytoplasmic tail. Amplification of the HER-2 proto-oncogene is found in ∼25% of human breast cancers and correlates with a poor prognosis. Elevated expression of EGFR has also been correlated with a more aggressive phenotype and is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many human epithelial malignancies as well. For these reasons, HER-2 and EGFR have been targeted for therapy in human cancers. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER-2 has single agent activity of ∼30% of patients, and prolongs survival in combination with chemotherapy in women whose breast cancers have amplification of HER2. CP-724,714 is a novel, selective, reversible, small molecule inhibitor of the HER2 tyrosine kinase. To evaluate its potential role in the treatment of human breast cancer, we tested its activity across a panel of >20 human breast cancer cell lines with variable levels of HER2 and EGFR as determined by Northern and Western analysis. On day 0, cells were seeded in 24-well plates with duplicate wells for each concentration of CP-724,714. On day 1 cells were treated with concentrations ranging from 10μ M to 0.312μ M in order to determine a dose response curve. On day 6, cells were trypsinized and counted with an automated cell counter. Experiments were repeated at least two times. We found that in 9 of 9 lines with HER2 amplification, CP-724,714 had significant activity in vitro with IC50s less than 5μ M and was more potent in inhibiting growth than 10 mcg/ml trastuzumab in most of these cell lines. An in vivo comparison is yet to be done. Of the 13 cell lines without HER2 amplification, CP-724,714 had an IC50 of less than 5μ M in only 3 cell lines, one of which has elevated levels of HER2 with multiple copies of chromosome 17 by FISH. Of note, CP-724,714 did not have significant activity against two cell lines with elevated expression of EGFR. In conclusion, CP-724,714 has significant activity in human breast cancer cell lines with elevated levels of HER2. CP-724,714 may also have activity in some breast cancers that do not have HER2 amplification. Studies to evaluate the molecular mechanism of growth inhibition are in progress.
The Effects of Visual Realism on Spatial Memory and Exploration Patterns in Virtual Reality

Understanding the effects of environmental features such as visual realism on spatial memory can inform a human-centered design of virtual environments. This paper investigates the effects of visual realism on object location memory in virtual reality, taking account of individual differences, gaze, and locomotion. Participants freely explored two environments which varied in visual realism, and then recalled the locations of objects by returning the misplaced objects back to original locations. Overall, we did not find a significant relationship between visual realism and object location memory. We found, however, that individual differences such as spatial ability and gender accounted for more variance than visual realism. Gaze and locomotion analysis suggest that participants exhibited longer gaze duration and more clustered movement patterns in the low realism condition. Preliminary inspection further found that locomotion hotspots coincided with objects that showed a significant gaze time difference between high and low visual realism levels. These results suggest that high visual realism still provides positive spatial learning affordances but the effects are more intricate.
Cardiac endothelial cells maintain open chromatin and expression of cardiomyocyte myofibrillar genes.

Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely heterogenous depending on tissue and vascular localization. Jambusaria et al. recently demonstrated that ECs in various tissues surprisingly possess mRNA signatures of their underlying parenchyma. The mechanism underlying this observation remains unexplained, and could include mRNA contamination during cell isolation, in vivo mRNA paracrine transfer from parenchymal cells to ECs, or cell-autonomous expression of these mRNAs in ECs. Here, we use a combination of bulk RNASeq, single cell RNASeq datasets, in situ mRNA hybridization, and most importantly ATAC-Seq of FACS-isolated nuclei, to show that cardiac endothelial cells actively express cardiomyocyte myofibril (CMF) genes and have open chromatin at CMF gene promoters. These open chromatin sites are enriched for sites targeted by cardiac transcription factors, and close upon expansion of ECs in culture. Together, these data demonstrate unambiguously that the expression of CMF genes in ECs is cell-autonomous, and not simply a result of technical contamination or paracrine transfers of mRNAs, and indicate that local cues in the heart in vivo unexpectedly maintain fully open chromatin in ECs at genes previously thought limited to cardiomyocytes.
What to Sell and How to Sell Matters: Focusing on Luxury Hotel Properties’ Business Performance and Efficiency:

Due to service product characteristics and a mix of complex sales, it is crucial for hotel firms to efficiently design limited physical spaces that serve multiple purposes to optimize revenue and m...
Objectivity for Actual Human Beings

When I say, for example, "Liberalism is best," am I speaking the *truth*? Do the facts and the evidence and the arguments make my assertion *justified*? Consequently, is my belief *objective*—or subjective? Do I *know* it, or is mine just another *opinion*? Is it all “just” semantics—or do concepts have real *meanings*? Do statistics lie or capture probabilities? Is history written by the winners and so dismissible* bias*, or can we all genuinely learn from it? In this essay I focus on two mistakes that regularly plague thinking about objectivity. One is the mistake of seeing two only options (intrinsicism and subjectivism) when in fact there are three. The second is making assumptions that implicitly demand omniscience or a view from nowhere—and taking the failure of human cognition to live up to those impossible standards as making objectivity impossible. Instead, we should start with actual human beings and discover how their cognitive capacities work and why objectivity arises as a need for them to strive for.
Cognition and motor learning in a Parkinson's disease cohort: importance of recall in episodic memory.

Impaired motor learning in individuals with Parkinson's disease is often attributed to deficits in executive function, which serves as an important cognitive process supporting motor learning. However, less is known about the role of other cognitive domains and its association with motor learning in Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between motor learning and multiple domains of cognitive performance in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Twenty-nine participants with Parkinson's disease received comprehensive neuropsychological testing, followed by practice of a bimanual finger sequence task. A retention test of the finger sequence task was completed 24 h later. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the associations between motor learning (acquisition rate and retention) and cognitive performance in five specific cognitive domains, while controlling for age, sex, and years of Parkinson's disease diagnosis. We found that a higher acquisition rate was associated with better episodic memory, specifically better recall in visual episodic memory, in individuals with Parkinson's disease. No significant associations were observed between retention and cognitive performance in any domains. The association between motor acquisition and episodic memory indicates an increased dependency on episodic memory as a potential compensatory cognitive strategy used by individuals with Parkinson's disease during motor learning.
Framework for the Classification of Imbalanced Structured Data Using Under-sampling and Convolutional Neural Network

Among machine learning techniques, classification techniques are useful for various business applications, but classification algorithms perform poorly with imbalanced data. In this study, we propose a classification technique with improved binary classification performance on both the minority and majority classes of imbalanced structured data. The proposed framework is composed of three steps. In the first step, a balanced training set is created via under-sampling. Then, each example is converted into an image depicting a line graph. In the last step, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is trained using the images. In the experiments, we selected six datasets from the UCI Repository and applied the proposed framework to them. The proposed model achieved the best receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Balanced Accuracy (BA) on all the datasets and five datasets, respectively. This demonstrates that the combination of under-sampling and CNNs is a viable approach for imbalanced structure data classification.
Configuring stack filters by the LMS algorithm

Stack filters are a class of sliding-window nonlinear digital filters that possess the weak superposition property (threshold decomposition) and the ordering property known as the stacking property. They have been demonstrated to be robust in suppressing noise. A new method based on the least means squares (LMS) algorithm is developed to adaptively configure a stack filter. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to noise suppression. >
Not All CBS Are Created Equally: COTS-Intensive Project Types

COTS products affect development strategies and tactics, but not all CBS development efforts are equal. Based on our experiences with 20 large government and industry CBS projects assessed during our development of the COCOTS estimation model, and our hands-on experience with 52 small e-services CBS projects within USC's graduate level software engineering course, we have identified four distinct CBS activity areas: assessment intensive, tailoring intensive, glue-code intensive, and non-COTS intensive. The CBS activity type fundamentally affects the COTS related activity effort and project risks. In this work we define the three COTS activity intensive CBS types and discuss their strategic comparisons based on an empirical study of the spectrum of large and small CBS projects.
Fishing for Microbes

Bioremediation is an attractive approach for removing chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater using bacteria that degrade the contaminants for energy. In his Perspective, [Gossett][1] discusses the discovery of a new bacterium ([Sun][2] et al .) that reduces trichloroethane during the process of dehalorespiration and may be of value for removing this very common contaminant from the environment. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5595/974 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/298/5595/1023
Rethinking the Kyoto Protocol: Are There Legal Solutions to Global Warming and Climate Change?

Professor Williams moderates a panel discussion of the Kyoto Protocol and potential solutions to climate change. Other participants include Anita Halvorssen, J. Kevin Healy, William Pizer, and Jacob Werksman.
Transfusion as a Risk Factor for ALI and ARDS

Transfusions are regularly employed in the care of the critically ill. While the transmission of infectious agents and clerical errors have long been major concerns, a more common non-infectious complication of transfusion, namely acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), has been neglected. Indeed, during the past several years, post-transfusion ALI/ARDS (transfusion-related acute lung injury — TRALI) has become the leading cause of transfusion-related death in the United States [1]. It likely occurs much more frequently than previously estimated. With skyrocketing health care costs and the continuous emphasis on improvement in patient care, it is of paramount importance to better define this transfusion-related phenomenon and to design effective strategies for its prevention. Several investigator groups have been on the leading edge in the quest to clearly elucidate this disease entity and define its prevalence.
Visualization of Gene Regulatory Networks

Networks are a useful visualization tool for representing many types of biological data such as gene regulations. In this paper, We will present a novel graph drawing technique for visualizing gene regulatory networks. This technique is based on drawing the shortest paths between genes of interest using breadth-first-search algorithm. By drawing genes of interest and showing their regulatory networks, we were able to clearly understand the interaction between these genes. Visualization of Gene Regulatory Networks considerably reduces the number of displayed nodes and edges. This reduction in nodes and edges depends on the number of genes of interest as well as to the number of interactions between these genes.
Shear stress and cellular stretch induces intracellular calcium increases in the thick ascending limb: role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (892.3)

The thick ascending limb (TAL) reabsorbs 30 % of the filtered NaCl. Thus it plays a pivotal role in the regulation of salt homeostasis. Luminal flow enhances both shear stress and cellular stretch....
Jainism: Key Themes

The Jains have constituted a small but highly culturally significant minority community in the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years. Probably best known for the profound commitment to an ethos of ahimsa, or nonviolence in thought, word, and deed, it is in the areas of nonviolence and ascetic practice that the Jains have had their greatest impact on the Hindu majority. Key themes and topics of ongoing scholarly debate and discussion in relation to Jainism are the question of its origins, the relationship of Jainism to Hinduism, the roles of women—especially ascetics—in the tradition, Jainism and ecology, and finally, the distinctive Jain approach to religious pluralism contained in a set of teachings called the Jain doctrines of relativity—anekantavada, nayavada, and syadvada.
Chapter 18 Role of the Cytoskeleton in Membrane Alterations in Ischemic or Anoxic Renal Epithelia

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the models primarily employed to study the effects of renal-cell energy depletion and reviews intracellular ramifications of renal ischemia or anoxia. The focus is on the alterations in signal transduction primarily involved in the regulation of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The ramifications of these alterations upon the regulation and structure of the cytoskeleton and how the cytoskeletal changes result in a loss of cellular and tissue function are discussed in the chapter. These studies have not only begun to unravel the cellular events that underlie the ischemia-induced pathological processes but have also dissected and defined several physiological characteristics of the membrane cytoskeleton. The characterization of the in vivo model of reversible ischemic injury has greatly increased the understanding of the molecular events associated with ischemia. The development of a reversible model of ATP depletion promises the opportunity to isolate and biochemically characterize the protein(s) responsible for the cellular changes associated with ATP depletion. Important questions remain; for example, it is not clear why the actin-cytoskeletal network depolymerizes, especially since ATP is not essential for actin polymerization in vitro . The question as to the effect of ATP depletion on the protein-sorting mechanisms remains open. Further work is necessary to determine the effect of ischemia-reperfusion on the microtubule and intermediate filament network.
Organic and inorganic carbon dynamics in a karst aquifer: Santa Fe River Sink‐Rise system, north Florida, USA

Spatiotemporal variations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), major ions concentrations and other geochemical parameters including stable carbon isotopes of DIC (δ13CDIC), were measured in surface water and deep and shallow well water samples of the Santa Fe River Sink-Rise eogenetic karst system, north Florida, USA. Three end-member water sources were identified: one DOC-rich/DIC-poor/δ13CDIC-depleted, one DOC-poor/DIC-rich/δ13CDIC-enriched, and one enriched in major ions. Given their spatiotemporal distributions, they were presumed to represent soil water, upper aquifer groundwater, and deep aquifer water sources, respectively. Using assumed ratios of Na+, Cl, and SO42− for each end-member, a mixing model calculated the contribution of each water source to each sample. Then, chemical effects of biogeochemical reactions were calculated as the difference between those predicted by the mixing model and measured species concentrations. In general, carbonate mineral dissolution occurred throughout the Sink-Rise system, surface waters were net autotrophic and the subsurface was in metabolic balance, i.e., no net DOC or DIC production or consumption. However, there was evidence for chemolithoautotrophy, perhaps by hydrogen oxidizing microbes, at some deep aquifer sites. Mineralization of this autochthonous natural dissolved organic matter (NDOM) led to localized carbonate dissolution as did surface water-derived NDOM supplied to shallow well sites during the highest flow periods. This study demonstrates linkages between hydrology, abiotic and microbial processes and carbon dynamics and has important implications for groundwater quality, karst morphologic evolution, and hydrogeologic projects such as aquifer storage and recovery in karst systems.
Relational aggression in school settings : the efficacy of the First Step to Success intervention.

This dissertation is a study of relational aggression (RA) in school settings. RA is a nonphysical type of aggression where the intent is to harm relationships and the social standing of a targeted peer. Examples include social exclusion, gossip, spreading rumors and the silent treatment. RA has negative consequences for both perpetrators and victims, and is associated with friendship problems, peer rejection, depression, anxiety, poor academic performance and dropout. RA is stable and reaches its peak in middle school, continuing into adulthood. In order to address RA, this dissertation argues that early intervention is necessary with young children as early as preschool. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy of a broad-based intervention in reducing RA levels in young children. Chapter One provides an overview of RA, including definitions and significance. The development of RA has been associated with its use by parents and older siblings, social information processing deficits in children entering preschool and socioeconomic status. Methods of measuring RA include teacher report, peer nomination and observation. Chapter Two presents the major tenets of social learning theory, asserting that young children learn RA from their home and neighborhood environments, while school settings may enhance or inhibit these behaviors, depending upon various reinforcement strategies. Chapter Three reviews RA interventions that have been developed for early childhood and elementary settings, with less than definitive findings. Chapter Four describes the Preschool First Step (PFS) intervention (Feil et al., 2015), and methods for the current study. In order to explore the potential efficacy of PFS, this study addressed the following research questions: 1) Is the PFS intervention efficacious in reducing RA? 2) Do the effects of the PFS intervention differ for children with elevated levels of RA? Chapter Five presents hypotheses and results. While ANCOVA and ANOVA analyses did not yield significant findings for the intervention group, a responder analysis showed that more children in the intervention group improved, and twice as many children in the control group deteriorated. Chapter Six concludes the study with implications, limitations and suggestions for future research.
Extremely low profile wideband UHF antenna

This research analyzes the properties of anisotropic magnetic media used to reduce the profile of a radiating rectangular cavity at low UHF. Traditionally, air-filled rectangular waveguides achieve broadband performance via a coaxial line-to-waveguide transition which terminates in a tuning element. The waveguide is terminated in a short below the tuning element. Usually the electrical height between the tuning element and the short is approximately one quarter the guide wavelength. We propose loading this portion of a waveguide with high index anisotropic media to reduce this height. Furthermore, we explore the concept of a low profile radiating waveguide at low UHF by also minimizing the distance between the tuning element and the radiating aperture. The aperture is the opening of our cavity surrounded by a one inch flange. At this point, the structure is more accurately described as a cavity rather than a waveguide due to its being a very small fraction of wavelength. We use a transverse resonance condition established between the walls of the cavity and the anisotropic medium to suppress the introduction of high order resonances introduced by the high refractive index of the medium. We derive this transverse resonance condition for the anisotropic case and apply the results to the design of our cavity.
Superior vena cava syndrome after heart transplantation: percutaneous treatment of a complication of bicaval anastomoses ☆ ☆☆ ★

Abstract Objectives: Our objectives were (1) to investigate the incidence and cause of symptomatic superior vena caval anastomotic stenosis and central venous thrombosis in patients receiving heart or heart-lung transplantation and (2) to explore percutaneous methods of thrombolysis and endoluminal intervention to treat these complications. Methods: Review of 1016 cases revealed three cases of superior vena cava syndrome. Anatomy, surgical technique, and medical risk factors were examined. Percutaneous treatments, including urokinase thrombolysis, mechanical thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stent placement, were attempted. Results: All three of these patients underwent transplantation by means of the bicaval anastomotic technique. In addition, the diameters of the donor and recipient cavae were grossly mismatched in all three. Stenoses in all three patients were successfully treated percutaneously with balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Treatment of the accompanying large-volume thrombosis was problematic in these patients, and two had hemorrhagic complications of urokinase thrombolysis. A mechanical thrombolysis device was used successfully in the third patient. Conclusions: Anastomotic stricture and central venous thrombosis is an uncommon complication of the bicaval anastomotic technique of heart and heart-lung transplantation. Discrepancy between donor and recipient caval diameters appears to be the major risk factor. Endoluminal thrombolysis and stenting provides rapid and enduring relief of symptoms and precludes repeat sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and general anesthesia. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;116:253-61)
Reduction of NOx over Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts: mechanistic causes of activity differences between alkanes

Abstract Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by sublimation of FeCl 3 onto H/ZSM-5 catalyze the selective reduction of NO x by hydrocarbons to N 2 . The order of the relative rates and N 2 yields obtained with different alkanes reveals a non-trivial chemistry. The maximum yield is lower for propane than for n -butane but about the same for n - and iso -butane. However, at temperatures below this maximum, the N 2 yield is higher for propane and n- butane than for iso -butane. Deposits are formed on the catalyst that contain N atoms in a low-oxidation state which are able to react with NO 2 to form N 2 . TPO and FTIR results show that the amount and also the character of the deposits depend on the nature of alkanes. The change of the oxidation state of nitrogen from a high value in NO or NO 2 to a lower value in nitrile and amino groups of the deposit is rationalized by applying mechanistic concepts of organic chemistry, including the Beckmann rearrangement and fragmentation. FTIR spectra and the observed oxygen- and nitrogen-containing compounds by GC-MS are potential clues to the reaction mechanism.
Insecticidal activity and mode of action of novel nicotinoids synthesized by new acylpyridinium salt chemistry and directed lithiation

Abstract Novel acylpyridinium salt chemistry and directed lithiation methodology was developed to add for the first time substitutions directly to the phenylpyridine heterocyclic ring of nicotine. A variety of 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-4-(alkyl, aromatic, heterocyclic and silanyl) and -N-alkyl pyridines were synthesized (compounds 1–9). In vial tests with the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, compounds 1–4 were 1.1, 1.8, 2.3 and 1.9×, respectively, more active than nicotine and 64, 40, 31 and 38×, respectively, less active than acetamiprid. Against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, 1–4 were 1.4, 2.1, 2.0 and 1.6×, respectively, more active than nicotine and 9, 6, 6 and 8×, respectively, less active than acetamiprid. For the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, the activity of 1–9 was similar to nicotine. Compounds 7 and 9 when incorporated into artificial diet produced low mortality for larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, but were not active against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. When 1–4 and 6–9 were injected into larvae of the beet armyworm, a variety of symptoms similar to acetamiprid were observed which included tremors, uncoordinated movement, diuresis, paralysis and death. In addition, imidacloprid-binding to membranes from the house fly head, Musca domestica, was inhibited by compounds 1–9, when using a concentration range of 1–100 μM. These studies demonstrate that our new chemistry enhances the insecticidal activity of nicotine with an apparent mode of action as an acetylcholine agonist.
Distinct cadherin profiles in special variant carcinomas and other tumors of the breast.

The cadherins are homotypic adhesion proteins that are important in cell sorting during organogenesis. Classical cadherins include several different types that show tissue-specific expression. Cell lineage-specific expression of different cadherin subtypes can differentiate morphologically similar but histogenetically distinct tumors. We examined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections, the expression of E- (epithelial), N- (neural), and P- (placental) cadherin in 36 unusual tumors of the breast (22 medullary carcinomas, 5 metaplastic carcinomas, 2 carcinosarcomas, 4 phyllodes tumors, and 3 periductal stromal tumors). All carcinomas stain with E-cadherin (22 of 22 medullary and 5 of 5 metaplastic). E-cadherin also stained the epithelial component but not the sarcomatous areas of 2 of 2 cases of carcinosarcomas. E-cadherin was not detected in the stromal tumors (phyllodes, periductal stromal tumor). N-cadherin was most frequently expressed in sarcomatoid metaplastic carcinomas (5 of 5), and variably in other tumors, including the sarcomatous area of carcinosarcoma (1 of 2), and 6 of 22 medullary carcinomas. P-cadherin was frequently identified in medullary carcinomas (20 of 22), in 5 of 5 metaplastic carcinomas, and in the proliferating stroma and benign epithelium of 3 of 3 periductal stromal, but not in phyllodes tumors (0 of 4). All sarcomatoid metaplastic carcinomas co-expressed all 3 classical cadherins. Our results show that these breast tumors have unique patterns of cadherin expression suggesting different histogenetic origin or lines of differentiation. The cadherin profiles in these tumors may be useful for classification and diagnosis.
Role of structural health monitoring in bridge security

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is becoming increasingly popular with bridge owners and administrators for bridge evaluation and management. At the same time, bridge security is also emerging as an important consideration for all infrastructure owners. But the role of SHM for bridge security aspects is not well understood or studied. A workshop was held with representative members of bridge owners, researchers, consultants, and security personnel to evaluate several aspects of this issue. This paper summarises these deliberations, subsequent data analysis, and pertinent results associated with various SHM technologies, measurement methods, and interaction between stakeholders. These results will be helpful to the SHM and security communities in understanding the role of SHM in enhancing bridge security.
The interaction of energy transfer inhibitors with the adenine nucleotide binding sites on soluble chloroplast coupling factor 1.

1. Introduction Coupling factor 1 (CF,), ‘isolated from chloroplasts, is believed to be the protein which catalyzes the syn- thesis of ATP in photophosphorylation [ 11. The latent, isolated protein exhibits ATPase activity when properly activated by heat [2], trypsin [3], or dithio- threitol [4]. It has been shown that the protein contains multi- ple nucleotide binding sites [5-l 11. However, the relationship between the ‘tight’ nucleotide binding sites (Kd CL PM) in the isolated, latent or activated protein and the ATPase catalytic site(s) is unclear. It has been argued that the rate of association of nucleo- tides such as EADP, eAMP-P(NH)P [5] or formycin di- and triphosphate [ 1 l] with the tight sites of the latent enzyme is too slow for such sites to be involved in catalytic turnover. However, it was reported [ 1 l] that the association of nucleotides with the activated enzyme is much faster and suggested that this change in association kinetics may reflect the activation of the ATPase. The binding site for the ATP analogue AMP-P(NH)P, exposed upon heat activation of CF1, has been suggested as the active site for the ATPase,
Norm-Based Behavioral Consulting

A norm-based approach to behavioral consulting was presented. A behavioral code and norms for 32 behaviors were developed for indoor free play situations in Head Start classrooms, with comparisons for age, sex, exceptional status, referral status, and semester reported. Among the results indicated were the following: older children engaged in more cooperative behavior and talking, in general the boys were more active than the girls, both exceptional and referred children were involved in more conflicts with their peers and in inappropriate activities, referred children also used inarticulate speech more often and received more one-to-one direction from adults, sex and special needs seemed to influence the referral process with the more withdrawn boys and the more active girls being referred, the exceptionals who were involved in less conflict with their peers were also more likely to be referred, and, overall, inappropriate behaviors declined while cooperative activities increased across semesters. Finall...
Self-talk functions: portrayal of an elite power lifter.

Summary.—The study presents the results of a case study with a repeated data collection design: a recent and former world champion power lifter provided weekly e-mails, during approximately 6 mo. of training and competition, with a description of his ‘self-determined self-talk.’ The instruction used for self-talk (ST) mentioned its associations with emotions, staying focused, maintaining motivation, and improving exercise skills. The obtained e-mails were coded using categories indicating functions of ‘self-determined self-talk’ mainly based on previous literature. The frequency of the functions during training and competition were compared and discussed following the qualitative research tradition.
Soft tissue sarcomas in infancy and childhood

Thirty-one soft tissue sarcomas in children were studied. The majority of these tumors occurred between the ages of 6 and 10; there were 18 boys and 13 girls. Three main histologic types were encountered, 14 children had fibrosarcoma, 13 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 had solitary malignant schwannoma, and in 2 the histogenetic origin could not be determined. Head and neck region was found to be the most common anatomical site, and 16 of 31 patients had their primary tumors in this region. In the rhabdomyosarcoma group of the 11 eligible patients, 6 lived free of disease for 5 years; in the fibrosarcoma group of the 12 eligible patients, 6 lived for 5 years or more. Both children with solitary malignant schwannoma are living. It is proposed that rhabdomyosarcoma in children be treated by combining irradiation, chemotherapy, and surgery while fibrosarcoma should be treated by excision alone. Furthermore, it is also proposed that, when the histogenetic type of a tumor can not be determined, these children be treated as having rhabdomyosarcoma.
A new rectangular beam theory

Abstract A new theory for beams of rectangular cross-section which includes warping of the cross-sections is presented in the present work. By satisfying the shear-free conditions on the lateral surfaces of the beam a pair of coupled equations of motion are obtained such that no arbitrary shear coefficient is required. It is shown that the uncoupled equation for the transverse displacement is the same as the corresponding equation in Timoshenko beam theory provided that for the Timoshenko equation the shear coefficient is taken to be 5 6 ; this value lies within the range of values, 0·822–0·870, appearing in the literature for the beam of rectangular cross-section. Results for two typical static examples are given for both the new theory and Timoshenko beam theory. These results are compared with the solutions of the comparable problems in the linear theory of elasticity. For the end loaded cantilever beam the new theory predicts the same result for the neutral surface deflection as does the linear theory of elasticity while Timoshenko beam theory underestimates the shear correction term by 20%. For the uniformly loaded and simply supported case both beam theories provide the same overestimate of the central deflection when compared with the theory of elasticity solution.
Defining visitor satisfaction in the context of camping oriented nature-based tourism — the driving force of quality!

Whether out of economic circumstance or a genuine desire to reconnect with nature, recent years have witnessed increased demand for nature-based forms of tourism activity. Alongside this interest in the outdoors has come a demand for quality servicing infrastructure to meet the very wide variety of needs, wants and expectations expressed and sought by today’s traveling public. This has presented a range of challenges to those in the nature-based tourism supply sector, not least those at the front line, whose role is now shifting from environmental stewardship and education to one of customer service agent. Against this background this paper seeks to address the issue of quality product/service provision in satisfying nature based tourists in the state of Alabama. A study of visitor perceptions in 23 state parks sought to evaluate visitor satisfaction with state park camping service provision and its role in driving visitors future behavior with respect to potential re-visitation and recommendation intenti...
AQM performance in multiple congested link networks

TCP Reno, the most widely used implementation on the Internet, uses retransmission timeouts and the receipt of three duplicate ACKs to detect packet loss in the network. In case of multiple congested links, it is important to detect packet losses as early as possible in order to prevent unnecessary timeouts and retransmits. Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes seek to improve the overall user response time by using queue build-ups at the routers to detect congestion. Previous research has focused on determining the effects of AQM schemes on HTTP/1.0 traffic in single congested link networks [2]. In this experiment, we evaluated the performance of TCP Reno with drop-tail routers and ECN-enabled TCP with Selective Acknowledgements (SACK) [5] over Adaptive Random Early Detection (ARED) [4] routers in a multiple congested link network.
In vivo and in vitro studies on the effect of tryptophan on translocation of RNA from nuclei of rat liver.

Abstract The effect of a single administration of tryptophan on the transport of nuclear RNA to the cytoplasm of rat liver was investigated. Using a cell-free system containing nuclei (RNA labeled in vivo with [14C]orotate) and dialyzed cell sap of liver, the isolated hepatic nuclei of tryptophantreated rats demonstrated an increase in the release of labeled RNA into the medium in comparison to hepatic nuclei of control rats. Also, liver cell sap of tryptophan-treated rats with added tryptophan to the medium was found to stimulate the release of labeled RNA (poly(A)-mRNA) from isolated control nuclei. Pretreatment of rats with cycloheximide or puromycin before tryptophan administration prevented the liver cell sap effect. However, the hepatic nuclei of puromycin- and tryptophan-treated rats demonstrated an increase in the release of labeled RNA into the medium incubated with control liver sap, similar to that observed with hepatic nuclei of rats treated with tryptophan alone. These results suggest that the tryptophan-induced enhancement of nucleocytoplasmic translocation of RNA may be related to alterations in the controls within the nucleus and cytoplasm that act to regulate the intracellular transport of RNA.
Spectral and structural characterization of amidate-bridged platinum-thallium complexes with strong metal-metal bonds.

The reactions of [Pt(NH3)2(NHCOtBu) 2] and TlX3 (X = NO3-, Cl -, CF3CO2-) yielded dinuclear [{Pt(ONO2)(NH3)2-(NHCOtBu)} Tl(ONO2)2(MeOH)] (2) and trinuclear complexes [{PtX(RNH2)2(NHCOtBu)2} 2Tl]+ [ ...
The use of a tailored surgical technique for minimally invasive esophagectomy

Objective Uncertainty exists among surgeons as to whether minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is a comparable operation to open esophagectomy (OE). The surgical technique and oncologic dissection should not be degraded when using a minimally invasive approach. Methods We reviewed a single hospital's experience with both OE and MIE. From 2000 to 2010, 257 patients underwent esophagectomy by 1 of 3 surgical techniques: transhiatal, Ivor Lewis, or 3-hole. Results Of the 257 patients (median age, 67 years; range, 58–74), 92 underwent MIE. Both groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, comorbidities, surgical technique, and induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The overall median follow-up was 29.5 months (range, 9.9–61.5). The MIE group had a significantly shorter operative time (MIE vs OE, 330 vs 365 minutes, P = .04), length of stay (MIE vs OE, 9 vs 12 days, P P P P P P = .93) and overall survival ( P = .19), as well as in the rates of all complications, except pneumonia (MIE vs OE, 2% vs 13%; P = .01). Conclusions A thoracic surgeon can safely tailor the MIE to a patient's anatomy and oncologic demands while maintaining equivalent survival.
Bridging the Great Divide: Improving Relations between Librarians and Classroom Faculty.

Abstract Based on comprehensive literature review, this article articulates a rationale for seeking improved librarian-faculty relations, explores various methods for evaluating the quality of librarian-faculty relations, discusses several published examples of programs intended to improve these relations, and calls for increased attention to the evaluation of such programs.
Bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm with symptomatic mediastinal hematoma

Abstract Purpose To discuss the rare finding of bronchial artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms as well as describing available endovascular treatment options. Case report A 61-year-old male presented to the emergency department and was found to have a paraesophageal hematoma and 1cm bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm. The patient was taken for successful endovascular exclusion by embolization. Conclusion Bronchial artery pseudoaneurysms are rare but have a chance of rupture. Percutaneous embolization is a reasonable treatment option for these patients.