cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A85: Breast cancer pathology, receptor status, and patterns of metastasis in a rural Appalachian population

Background: Breast cancer patients in rural Appalachia have a high prevalence of obesity and poverty, together with excessive expression of the triple-negative phenotype. Methods: Clinical records for 687 patients provided data which included tumor receptor status and time to distant metastasis. Breast cancers with the triple-negative phenotype were compared with other receptor combinations. Body mass index, tumor size, grade, nodal status, and receptor status, were related to metastatic patterns. Results: Ninety-five of 687 patients, (13.8%) developed metastases to bone (n=42) or visceral sites (n=53). Metastases to viscera occurred within five years, a latent period which was shorter than that for bone (P = 0.042). Significantly more women with visceral metastasis presented with grade 3 tumors compared with the bone and non-metastatic groups (P = 0.0002). There were 135/574 women (23.5%) with triple-negative breast cancer, who presented with lymph node involvement and visceral metastases (68.2% versus 24.3%; P = 0.033). Triple-negative tumors that metastasized to visceral sites were significantly larger (P = 0.007). Although the probability of developing a visceral metastasis within 10 years was higher among women with triple-negative tumors, this relationship was not influenced by increasing body mass index. Conclusions: For all breast cancer receptor subtypes, the probability of remaining distant metastasis-free was greater for brain and liver than for lung. The excess risk of metastatic spread to visceral organs in triple-negative breast cancers, even in the absence of positive nodes, was combined with the burden of larger and more advanced tumors. Impact: The reduced survival of breast cancer patients in rural areas may be explained by a high prevalence of triple-negative tumors with a propensity for visceral metastasis. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):A85.
Anoxia-induced release of colloid- and nanoparticle-bound phosphorus in grassland soils.

Particle-facilitated transport is a key mechanism of phosphorus (P) loss in agroecosystems. We assessed contributions of colloid- and nanoparticle-bound P (nPP; 1–415 nm) to total P released from grassland soils receiving biannual poultry litter applications since 1995. In laboratory incubations, soils were subjected to 7 days of anoxic conditions or equilibrated at pH 6 and 8 under oxic conditions and then the extract was size fractionated by differential centrifugation/ultrafiltration for analysis of P, Al, Fe, Si, Ti, and Ca. Selected samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and field flow fractionation (FFF-ICP-MS). Particles released were present as nanoaggregates with a mean diameter of 200–250 nm, composed of ∼50-nm aluminosilicate flakes studded with Fe and Ti-rich clusters (<10 nm) that contained most of the P detected by EDS. Anoxic incubation of stimulated nPP release with seasonally saturated soils released more nPP and Fe2+(aq) th...
Criteria for compliance: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services pain management at F-Tag 309.

OBJECTIVE Outline the key points and list the criteria for compliance with the new Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) pain management at F-Tag 309. DATA SOURCES Live symposium presentation based on clinical practice and research and current clinical guidelines. CONCLUSIONS In March 2009, CMS implemented revised guidelines for long-term care surveyors at F-Tag 309, Quality of Care, including a new general investigative protocol and pain-management guidance. While the regulations have remained the same, the way surveyors interpret pain management has changed. By understanding the criteria surveyors will use to determine F-Tag 309 deficiencies, consultant pharmacists can educate other interdisciplinary team members to improve pain management practices in long-term care.
B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of carotid artery in obese children

Objective: To study the structure and blood flow of carotid artery in children with simple obesity by B-mode and Doppler ultrasound.Methods: The diameter(d) of common carotid artery(CCA),internal carotid artery(ICA),external carotid artery(ECA) and vertebral artery(VA),and intimal-medial thickness(IMT) of CCA were measured in 60 obese children and 30 normal children in the control group by B-dimensional ultrasound.Systolic peak velocity(Vs),diastolic velocity(Vd),mean flow velocity(Vm),RI and S/D were measured by Doppler ultrasound.Results: ①The IMT of CCA in obese group was significantly higher than those of the control group,but there was no difference between the fatty liver group and nonfatty liver group(P﹥ 0.05).There was a positive linear correlation between IMT and BMI.②CCA-Vs,ICA-Vd and ECA-Vd in obesity group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and carotid resistance(ICA-RI,ECA-RI,ECA-S/D) was higher in obseity than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Carotid structure and blood flow are changed in obese children.Ultrasound technology can evaluate the characteristics in obese children.
Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Nutritious Elements of Red Rice Germplasm Resources in Jiangxi Province

The major agronomic traits of 94 accessions of red rice landraces and nutritious elements of 33 accessions in Jiangxi were analyzed and evaluated.The results showed a high seed setting rate for all entries with other characteristics of lodging,weak resistance to rice blast,medium 1000-grain weight and type of maintainer line.Nutritious elements were generally at a high level and 26 varieties had higher content of lipid(more than 3.0%) with that of Liushuihong up to 4.62%.Some varieties with high content of Ca,Se,vitamin B1and B2 were selected including Hongmimake(81.6mg/kg Ca) and Hongjingmi(0.09mg/kg Se).Six varieties with vitamin B1 more than 2.0mg/kg were screened with the highest of 17.0mg/kg for Zaohong.Ten varieties contained vitamin B2 more than 0.1mg/kg with 0.6mg/kg in Youhongzi.Studies on the red rice provide valuable information to the utilization of germplasm resources and will contribute to rice breeding programs.
Use of Oleic Acid To Reduce the Population of the Bacterial Flora of Poultry Skin

The effect of oleic acid on native bacterial flora of poultry skin was examined. Skin from commercial broiler carcasses was washed once or twice in solutions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% (wt/vol) oleic acid and rinsed in peptone water. Aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci in the rinsates were enumerated. Significantly fewer aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci were recovered from rinsates of skin washed in oleic acid than from control samples. Additionally, fewer bacteria were recovered from rinsates of skin washed in higher concentrations of oleic acid than from skin washed in lower concentrations of the fatty acid. In most cases, there was no significant difference in the number of bacteria recovered from rinsates of skin washed once or twice in solutions of oleic acid. Washing skin samples twice in 10% solutions of oleic acid significantly reduced the number of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter, and enterococci that remained attached to the skin. Campylobacter sp., Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria monocytogenes isolates possessed the least resistance to the antibacterial activity of oleic acid in vitro, while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed higher resistance. Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus lentus, and Salmonella Typhimurium had the greatest resistance to the antibacterial activity of oleic acid. Findings indicate that oleic acid reduces the number of bacteria on the skin of processed broilers and that the fatty acid is bactericidal to several spoilage and pathogenic bacteria associated with poultry.
Comparison of Three Diagnostic Test Kits for Rubella

Three different methods for detecting serum antibodies to rubella virus were compared in terms of efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, labor cost, and reagent cost. Serum samples were analyzed using the Rubacella, PHAST-Rubellab, and Rubascanc test kits. The results obtained for 197 of the 215 samples tested were identical with all three procedures. Inconclusive results were obtained for 18 specimens, in that they were positive by one or two of the procedures and negative by one or two others. These persons were classified as either immune or susceptible by examining their clinical history and laboratory results. The Rubascan method was highly sensitive, specific, and the most efficient of the assays tested. It was also cost-effective, simple to perform, and easy to interpret.
Trustworthy patient decision aids: a qualitative analysis addressing the risk of competing interests.

Objective Our aim in this study was to examine the competing interest policies and procedures of organisations who develop and maintain patient decision aids. Design Descriptive and thematic analysis of data collected from a cross-sectional survey of patient decision aid developer's competing interest policies and disclosure forms. Results We contacted 25 organisations likely to meet the inclusion criteria. 12 eligible organisations provided data. 11 organisations did not reply and 2 declined to participate. Most patient decision aid developers recognise the need to consider the issue of competing interests. Assessment processes vary widely and, for the most part, are insufficiently robust to minimise the risk of competing interests. Only half of the 12 organisations had competing interest policies. Some considered disclosure to be sufficient, while others imposed differing levels of exclusion. Conclusions Patient decision aid developers do not have a consistent approach to managing competing interests. Some have developed policies and procedures, while others pay no attention to the issue. As is the case for clinical practice guidelines, increasing attention will need to be given to how the competing interests of contributors of evidence-based publications may influence materials, especially if they are designed for patient use.
Unsupervised Tensor Mining for Big Data Practitioners.

Abstract Multiaspect data are ubiquitous in modern Big Data applications. For instance, different aspects of a social network are the different types of communication between people, the time stamp of each interaction, and the location associated to each individual. How can we jointly model all those aspects and leverage the additional information that they introduce to our analysis? Tensors, which are multidimensional extensions of matrices, are a principled and mathematically sound way of modeling such multiaspect data. In this article, our goal is to popularize tensors and tensor decompositions to Big Data practitioners by demonstrating their effectiveness, outlining challenges that pertain to their application in Big Data scenarios, and presenting our recent work that tackles those challenges. We view this work as a step toward a fully automated, unsupervised tensor mining tool that can be easily and broadly adopted by practitioners in academia and industry.
Teaching Online, Challenges and Motivations: A Research Synthesis

Millions of students are enrolled in online classes, and while some faculty members are still concerned about the medium, other faculty members are excited about the possibilities of online learning. In order to gauge what hinders or motivates faculty members’ online teaching, I conducted a research synthesis to examine the literature from 2002 to the present that addressed the motivations and concerns of instructors around the world. Although the time from 2002 until the present marks a little over 10 years of work related to online teaching, faculty members’ concerns and motivations have not changed much during that time.
Effects of dams and geomorphic context on riparian forests of the Elwha River, Washington.

Understanding how dams affect the shifting habitat mosaic of river bottomlands is key for protecting the many ecological functions and related goods and services that riparian forests provide and for informing approaches to riparian ecosystem restoration. We examined the downstream effects of two large dams on patterns of forest composition, structure, and dynamics within different geomorphic contexts and compared them to upstream reference conditions along the Elwha River, Washington, USA. Patterns of riparian vegetation in river segments downstream of the dams were driven largely by channel and bottomland geomorphic responses to a dramatically reduced sediment supply. The river segment upstream of both dams was the most geomorphically dynamic, whereas the segment between the dams was the least dynamic due to substantial channel armoring, and the segment downstream of both dams was intermediate due to some local sediment supply. These geomorphic differences were linked to altered characteristics of the shifting habitat mosaic, including older forest age structure and fewer young Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa stands in the relatively static segment between the dams compared to more extensive early-successional forests (dominated by Alnus rubra and Salix spp.) and pioneer seedling recruitment upstream of the dams. Species composition of later-successional forest communities varied among river segments as well, with greater Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga heterophylla abundance upstream of both dams, Acer spp. abundance between the dams, and P. balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa and Thuja plicata abundance below both dams. Riparian forest responses to the recent removal of the two dams on the Elwha River will depend largely on channel and geomorphic adjustments to the release, transport, and deposition of the large volume of sediment formerly stored in the reservoirs, together with changes in large wood dynamics.
Music, Language, and the Brain

1. Introduction 2. Sound Elements: Pitch and Timbre 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Musical Sound Systems 2.3 Linguistic Sound Systems 2.4 Sound Category Learning as a Key Link 2.5 Conclusion Appendixes 3. Rhythm 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Rhythm in Music 3.3 Rhythm in Speech 3.4 Interlude: Rhythm in Poetry and Song 3.5 Non-Periodic Aspects of Rhythm as a Key Link 3.6 Conclusion Appendixes 4. Melody 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Melody in Music: Comparisons to Speech 4.3 Speech Melody: Links to Music 4.4 Interlude: Musical and Linguistic Melody in Song 4.5 Melodic Statistics and Melodic Contour as Key Links 4.6 Conclusion Appendix 5. Syntax 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Structural Richness of Musical Syntax 5.3 Formal Differences and Similarities between Musical and Linguistic Syntax 5.4 Neural Resources for Syntactic Integration as a Key Link 5.5 Conclusion 6. Meaning 6.1 Introduction 6.2 A Brief Taxonomy of Musical Meaning 6.3 Linguistic Meaning in Relation to Music 6.4 Interlude: Linguistic and Musical Meaning in Song 6.5 The Expression and Appraisal of Emotion as a Key Link 6.6 Conclusion 7. Evolution 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Language and Natural Selection 7.3 Music and Natural Selection 7.4 Music and Evolution: Neither Adaptation nor Frill 7.5 Beat-Based Rhythm Processing as a Key Research Area 7.6 Conclusion Appendix Afterword References List of Sound Examples Lis of Credits Author Index Subject Index
Time resolved calorimetry of photo-induced folding in horse heart cytochrome c at high pH

Here the molar volume and enthalpy changes associated with the early events in the folding of ferrocytochrome c (Cc) at high pH have been examined using time resolved photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC). The data reveal an overall volume change of 1.3 ± 0.3 mL mol-1 and an enthalpy change of 13 ± 7 kcal mol -1 occurring subsequent to photodissociation of the unfolded CO bound Cc species in <∼20 ns. Two additional kinetic phases are observed that are associated with non-native His binding (ΔH and ΔV of 2 ± 4 kcal mol-1 and -0.5 mL mol-1, τ ∼ 2.5 μs ) and Met binding (ΔH and ΔV -0.4 ± 2 kcal mol-1 and -0.1 ± 0.1 mL mol-1, τ∼ 660 ns). Considering only protein conformational changes (excluding volume and enthalpies associated with heme ligation events) the initial conformational event exhibits a ΔH and ΔV of 6 ± 3 kcal mol-1 and -3±0.1 mL mol-1, respectively, that are attributed to a small contraction of the unfolded protein. The corresponding enthalpy associated with both native and non-native ligand binding are found to be -5±4 kcal mol-1 (Fe-Met) and +20 ± 4 kcal mol-1 (Fe-His) with the change in volume for both phases being essential negligible. This would indicate that non-native ligand binding likely occurs from an already collapsed conformation.
Recognition of dissolved gas in transformer oil by ant colony optimization support vector machine

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) has been approved as an accurate method to assess the insulation condition of power transformer. The ant colony optimization algorithm is competent to obtain the global optimum values of the support vector machine (SVM). This paper presents an approach of ant colony optimization SVM to recognize histograms of characteristic dissolved gas in transformer oil. DGA data of transformer oil with normal operation and four types of typical power transformer faults were selected, and characteristic dissolved gas were used to establish histograms. Statistical characteristic parameters involving mean, skewness and kurtosis, etc. were calculated as recognition features. Three approaches including IEC three ratio method, SVM and ant colony optimization SVM were used to diagnosis DGA of power transformer. Results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the accuracy of the recognition for characteristic dissolved gas histograms compared with the other two methods.
Semantic Interoperability across Digital Image Collections: Evaluation of Metadata Mapping for Resource Discovery and Sharing

The goal of this project is evaluation of the current status of semantic mapping between cataloger-defined field names and Dublin Core metadata elements across digital image collections and identification of the most frequently occurring incorrect and null mappings. A pilot study has been conducted comparing and analyzing 20 digital image metadata templates and 659 metadata item records. L’objectif de ce projet est d’evaluer l’etat actuel de la mise en correspondance semantique entre les noms de champs definis par les catalogueurs et les elements de metadonnees du Dublin Core a travers des collections d’images numeriques et d’identifier les correspondances qui sont le plus frequemment incorrectes et sans valeur. Une etude pilote a ete effectuee en comparant et analysant 20 modeles de metadonnees d’images numeriques et 659 enregistrements d’elements de metadonnees.
Feature Illustration: Thyroid Nodule Margins and Extrathyroidal Extension and Invasion

Appreciation of the contour of thyroid nodules is relevant, in the most practical sense, as one feature that contributes to the assessment of risk of malignancy, where those contours may be irregular and infiltrative. All other appearances of the contour, or margin, of a thyroid nodule are useful for overall characterization of the nodule but alone are not sufficient for determination of the need to biopsy and especially not for diagnosis. Physicians and sonographers who perform thyroid ultrasound benefit from keen observation and cultivating knowledge in interpreting margin features accurately. Contour is an essential feature to include in ultrasound reporting. The focus of this chapter is to provide both definitions and ultrasound illustrations related to thyroid nodule margins.
Suppression of Alfvén Modes on the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade with Outboard Beam Injection

In this Letter we present data from experiments on the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade, where it is shown for the first time that small amounts of high pitch-angle beam ions can strongly suppress the counterpropagating global Alfven eigenmodes (GAE). GAE have been implicated in the redistribution of fast ions and modification of the electron power balance in previous experiments on NSTX. The ability to predict the stability of Alfven modes, and developing methods to control them, is important for fusion reactors like the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor, which are heated by a large population of nonthermal, super-Alfvenic ions consisting of fusion generated α's and beam ions injected for current profile control. We present a qualitative interpretation of these observations using an analytic model of the Doppler-shifted ion-cyclotron resonance drive responsible for GAE instability which has an important dependence on k_{⊥}ρ_{L}. A quantitative analysis of this data with the hym stability code predicts both the frequencies and instability of the GAE prior to, and suppression of the GAE after the injection of high pitch-angle beam ions.
To Charge or Not to Charge: Examining Stakeholder Perceptions of Nonrevenue Sports Ticketing Policies

All across college campuses, dozens of intercollegiate sports teams compete each year. It is assumed that attendance will vary across these sports for a number of factors. However, the impact of one organizationally controlled factor (choosing to ticket the event or not) has not been explored in the literature. In this study, the authors examined the ticketing practices of intercollegiate athletics departments. A qualitative interview approach was utilized to explore the importance and implications of ticketing practices of intercollegiate athletics departments. Terms such as reputation, legitimacy, and value were used to describe the reasoning behind whether or not to charge attendees at sporting events. Subscribe to JASM
Creating Meaning at Work through Transformational Leadership

Following the work of Pratt and Ashforth (2003), we distinguish between meaningfulness at work and meaningfulness in work. Meaningfulness at work occurs by being part of an organization that is perceived as significant, rather than focusing on what an individual does. Meaningfulness at work can be enhanced through a variety of organizational practices that provide a sense of meaning by being part of an organization instead of what an individual does. This is done by leaders who build strong organizational cultures. Strong cultures provide a sense of identity that creates a unifying bond among the organization’s members. Leaders can enhance positive meaning by engaging in behaviors associated with transformational leadership to arouse and inspire the members of their organization. In this chapter, we examine the role of these transformational leadership behaviors on an employee’s experience of meaningful work.
Augmented Reality Activism

The explosion of mobile technology and its growing accessibility to the global public has made augmented reality [AR] a powerful tool for activism. This is the story of the first generation of activists that began working with augmented reality [AR] to further their causes. These activists pioneered the development of mobile AR in search of what made it unique from other mediums and what traits could be used to further activists agendas. Many of these works are the first explorations of their type with this new technology and act as a road map for future activists working with AR. What dangers do those working with this technology face? Does AR have the ability to empower the masses? Can it create real social change and can it unite society by turning virtual experiences into physical ones? The activists in this chapter set out to find these answers.
Modified Aortic Uncrossing Procedure: A Novel Approach for Norwood Palliation of Complex Univentricular Congenital Heart Disease With a Circumflex Aorta.

The circumflex aorta is a rare type of true vascular ring anomaly. It consists of a retroesophageal right aortic arch, a left-sided descending thoracic aorta, and a left-sided ligamentum arteriosum. The "aortic uncrossing procedure" described by Planche and Lacour-Gayet is the procedure of choice for managing this aortic anomaly in patients with a biventricular heart. The presence of a circumflex aorta in a patient with heterotaxy syndrome and univentricular congenital heart disease requiring Norwood palliation is highly unusual. We report such a case and describe our approach to its surgical management.
Design of fuel cell powered data centers for sufficient reliability and availability

Abstract It is challenging to design a sufficiently reliable fuel cell electrical system for use in data centers, which require 99.9999% uptime. Such a system could lower emissions and increase data center efficiency, but the reliability and availability of such a system must be analyzed and understood. Currently, extensive backup equipment is used to ensure electricity availability. The proposed design alternative uses multiple fuel cell systems each supporting a small number of servers to eliminate backup power equipment provided the fuel cell design has sufficient reliability and availability. Potential system designs are explored for the entire data center and for individual fuel cells. Reliability block diagram analysis of the fuel cell systems was accomplished to understand the reliability of the systems without repair or redundant technologies. From this analysis, it was apparent that redundant components would be necessary. A program was written in MATLAB to show that the desired system reliability could be achieved by a combination of parallel components, regardless of the number of additional components needed. Having shown that the desired reliability was achievable through some combination of components, a dynamic programming analysis was undertaken to assess the ideal allocation of parallel components.
The Muslims Present Orgena

The Trial (1956), a black nationalist play by Louis X (Louis Farrakhan), was expanded into a musical pageant called Orgena (1959) and performed in major venues by “The Muslims” of Boston’s Mosque N...
Manipulating the stability of crystallographic and magnetic sub-lattices: A first-order magnetoelastic transformation in transition metal based Laves phase

Abstract A first-order magnetoelastic transition (FOMT) is found near the triple point between ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases in the magneto-chemical phase diagram of (Hf1-xNbx)Fe2 Laves phase system. We show that bringing different magnetic states to the edge of stability, both as a function of the chemical composition and under the influence of external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure and magnetic field, is essential to obtain and control FOMTs. Temperature dependent X-ray diffraction experiments reveal a discontinuity in the lattice parameter a and the unit cell volume without the change in the crystal symmetry at the FOMT. Under applied pressure, the transition temperature drastically shifts downward at a remarkable rate of −122 K/GPa. It is this first-order magnetic transition that leads to a negative thermal expansion (NTE) with average ΔV/(VΔT) ≈ −15 × 10−6 K−1 observed over a 90 K broad temperature range, which is uncommon for magnetoelastic NTE materials. Density functional theory calculations and microstructural analyses demonstrate that the unusual broadness of the FOMT originates from phase separation between ferro- and antiferromagnetic phases, which in turn is rooted in partial segregation of Hf and Nb and a peculiar microstructure. This new understanding of the composition-structure-property relationships in transition metal based Laves phases is an essential step toward a better control and more precise tailoring of rich functionalities in this group of material.
High Resolution Spectroscopy using Fabry Perot Intereferometer Arrays: An Application to Searches for O$_{2}$ in Exoplanetary Atmospheres

We present a novel implementation for extremely high resolution spectroscopy using custom-designed Fabry Perot Interferometer (FPI) arrays. For a given telescope aperture at the seeing limited case, these arrays can achieve resolutions well in excess of ${\rm R\sim10^5}$ using optical elements orders of magnitude smaller in size than standard echelle spectrographs of similar resolution. We apply this method specifically to the search for molecular oxygen in exoplanetary atmospheres using the ${\rm O_2}$ A-band at 0.76 ${\rm \mu m}$, and show how a FPI array composed of $\sim10$ etalons with parameters optimized for this science case can record ${\rm R=3-5\,\cdot10^5}$ spectra covering the full ${\rm O_2}$ A-band. Using simulated observations of the atmosphere of a transiting nearby Earth-like planet, we show how observations with a FPI array coupled to a long-slit spectrograph can reduce the number of transit observations needed to produce a ${\rm 3\sigma}$ detection of ${\rm O_2}$ by $\sim30\%$ compared to observations with a ${\rm R=10^5}$ echelle spectrograph. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in an observing program duration of several years. The number of transits needed for a ${\rm 3\sigma}$ detection can be further reduced by increasing the efficiency of FPI arrays using dualons (an etalon with a buried reflective layer), and by coupling the FPI array to a dedicated spectrograph optimized for the ${\rm O_2}$ A-band.
Dynamic properties of hydrogels and fiber-reinforced hydrogels.

Hydrophilic polymers, or hydrogels, are used for a wide variety of biomedical applications, due to their inherent ability to withhold a high-water content. In recent years, a large effort has been focused on tailoring the mechanical properties of these hydrogels to become more appropriate materials for use as anatomical and physiological structural supports. A few of these such methods include using diverse types of polymers, both natural and synthetic, varying the type of molecular cross-linking, as well as combining these efforts to form interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. While multiple research groups have characterized these various hydrogels under quasi-static conditions, their dynamic properties, representative of native physiological loading scenarios, have been scarcely reported. In this study, an E-glass fiber reinforced family of alginate/PAAm hydrogels cross-linked by both divalent and trivalent cations are fabricated and investigated. The effect of the reinforcement phase on the dynamic and hydration behaviors is then explicated. Additionally, a micromechanics framework for short cylindrical chopped fibers is utilized to discern the contribution of the matrix and fiber constituents on the hydrogel composite. The addition of E-glass fibers resulted in the storage modulus exhibiting a ~50%, 5%, and ~120%, increase with a mere addition of 2 wt% of the reinforcing fibers to Na-, Sr-, and Al-alginate/PAAm, respectively. In studying the cross-linking effect of various divalent (Ba, Ca, Sr) and trivalent (Al, Fe) cations, it was noteworthy that the hydrogels were found to be effective in dissipating energy while resisting mechanical deformation when they are cross-linked with higher molecular weight elements, regardless of valency. This report on the dynamic properties of these hydrogels will help to improve their optimization for future use in biomedical load-bearing applications.
Delayed high-frequency suppression after automated single-pulse electrical stimulation identifies the seizure onset zone in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Abstract Objective Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) of intracranial electrodes evokes responses that may help identify the seizure onset zone (SOZ); however, lack of automation and response variability has limited clinical adoption of this technique. We evaluated whether automated delivery of low-current SPES could evoke delayed high-frequency suppression (DHFS) of ongoing electrocorticography (ECoG) signals that, when combined with objective analytic techniques, may provide a reliable marker of this zone. Methods Low-current SPES (1-ms, 3.5-mA biphasic pulses) was delivered to 652 electrodes across 10 patients undergoing ECoG for seizure focus localization. DHFS was measured by calculating the normalized trial-averaged time-frequency power (70–250 Hz) 0.4–1 sec post-stimulation. Electrodes that evoked suppression when stimulated or recorded suppression when stimulation was nearby were used to estimate the SOZ. Results The estimated SOZ significantly identified the clinical SOZ in 6 of 10 patients (5 of 7 temporal foci) with a false-positive rate of 0–0.06. Stimulation required Conclusions We show that DHFS provides accurate estimates of the clinical SOZ in patients with refractory epilepsy. Significance This approach may increase the safety, speed, and reproducibility of SOZ identification while reducing cost, subjectivity, and patient discomfort.
A FRACTAL DESCRIPTION OF FLAMELETS

Under appropriate conditions, reaction in premixed turbulent flames is known to occur in thin sheets called flamelets. For weak turbulence the local structure of these flamelets approaches that of unperturbed steady laminar flames. It has been hypothesized that the geometry of flamelets may be described by the techniques of fractals, and combustion models based on this hypothesis have been proposed.
D0–$$\bar D^0 $$ mixing and new physics

The Standard Model (SM) and new physics (NP) descriptions of D0 mixing are discussed. The SM part of the discussion addresses both quark-level and hadron-level contributions. The NP part describes our recent works on the rate difference ΔΓD and the mass difference ΔMD. In particular, we describe how the recent experimental determination of ΔMD is found to place tightened restrictions on parameter spaces for 17 out of the 21 NP models considered.
Jouët-Pastré, Clémence, and Patricia Isabel Sobral. Viajando através do alfabeto. A Reading and Writing Program for Intermediate to Advanced Portuguese. Focus, 2010.

The newest addition to intermediate/advanced Portuguese language textbooks by Focus Publishing is based on Moacyr Scliar’s Dicionario do viajante insolito , which is a compilation of cronicas related to travels. Taking these cronicas as a starting point, the authors of Viajando atraves do alfabeto have developed grammar, style, and writing exercises that provide students with opportunities to review what they have learned (in the case of grammar), to learn something new (likely in the case of style), and to combine these two skills in order to produce original texts.
On Mobile Edge Caching

With the widespread adoption of various mobile applications, the amount of traffic in wireless networks is growing at an exponential rate, which exerts a great burden on mobile core networks and backhaul links. Mobile edge caching, which enables mobile edges with cache storages, is a promising solution to alleviate this problem. In this paper, we aim to review the state-of-the-art of mobile edge caching. We first present an overview of mobile edge caching and its advantages. We then discuss the locations where mobile edge caching can be realized in the network. We also analyze different caching criteria and their respective effects on the caching performances. Moreover, we compare several caching schemes and discuss their pros and cons. We further present a detailed and in-depth discussion on the caching process, which can be delineated into four phases including content request, exploration, delivery, and update. For each phase, we identify different issues and review related works in addressing these issues. Finally, we present a number of challenges faced by current mobile edge caching architectures and techniques for further studies.
Bouncer: static program analysis in hardware

When discussing safety and security for embedded systems, we typically divide the world into software checks (which are either static or dynamic) or hardware checks (which are dynamic). As others have pointed out, hardware checks offer more than just efficiency. They are intrinsic to the device's functionality and thus are live from power-up; they require little to no dependency on other software functioning correctly, and due to the fact they are wired directly into the operation of the system, are difficult or impossible to bypass. We explore an experimental new embedded system that uses special-purpose hardware for static analysis that prevents all program binaries with memory errors, invalid control flow, and several other undesirable properties from ever being loaded onto the device. Static analysis often requires whole-binary-level, rather than instruction-level, examination. We show that a carefully constructed hardware state machine, using available scratch-pad memory, is capable of efficiently checking functional binaries in a streaming and verifiably non-bypassable way directly in hardware as they are loaded into the embedded program store. The resulting system is surprisingly small (taking no more than .0079 mm2), efficient (capable of checking binaries at an average throughput of around 60 cycles per instruction), and yet guarantees execution free from many of the fragile behaviors that result in security and safety concerns. We believe this is the first time any static analysis has been implemented at the hardware level and opens the door to more complex hardware-checked properties.
An application of hidden Markov model on determination of root cause frequency and locations

Manufacturers are often interested in deciding frequency of an abnormal status causing a nonconformity of a certain quality attribute. In this article, analytical solutions for determining the freq...
Sequential Optimization for State-Dependent Opinion Dynamics

Stability and analysis of networked decision systems with state-dependent switching typologies have been a fundamental and longstanding challenge in control, social sciences, and many other related fields. These already complex systems become further complicated once one accounts for asymmetry or heterogeneity of the underlying agents/dynamics. Despite extensive progress in analysis of conventional networked decision systems where the network evolution and state dynamics are driven by independent or weakly coupled processes, most of the existing results fail to address decision systems where the network and state dynamics are highly coupled and evolve based on status of heterogeneous agents. Motivated by numerous applications of such dynamics in social sciences, in this paper we provide a new direction toward analysis of dynamic networks of heterogeneous agents under complex environments. As a result we show how Lyapunov stability of several problems from opinion dynamics can be established using a simple application of our framework. Our results provide new insights toward analysis of complex networked multi-agent systems using exciting field of sequential optimization.
Dispersion in the Open Ocean Seasonal Pycnocline at Scales of 1-10 km and 1-6 days

AbstractResults are presented from two dye release experiments conducted in the seasonal thermocline of the Sargasso Sea, one in a region of low horizontal strain rate (~10−6 s−1), the second in a ...
Evidence of the Topological Hall Effect in Pt/Antiferromagnetic Insulator Bilayers.

The topological Hall effect has been a primary indicator of nontrivial spin textures in magnetic materials. We observe the evidence of the topological Hall effect in $\mathrm{Pt}/{\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bilayers grown on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(0001)$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(11\overline{2}0)$, where the ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ epitaxial film is an antiferromagnetic insulator. The $\mathrm{Pt}/{\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ bilayers exhibit topological Hall resistivity for ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thicknesses below 6 nm near and above room temperature, which is above the N\'eel temperature of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, revealing the key role of thermal fluctuations in the formation of spin textures. The similarity of topological Hall signals in (0001)- and $(11\overline{2}0)$-oriented ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films indicates that the emergence of spin textures is insensitive to crystalline orientation.
The c-kit Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Marks Sweet or Umami Sensing T1R3 Positive Adult Taste Cells in Mice

Previous studies have described a number of protein tyrosine kinases (epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3, and c-kit) to be expressed in taste bud cells, their innervating nerves, and in developing taste papillae. Immunohistochemical staining of mouse taste buds was performed to characterize the expression patterns of the c-kit receptor in taste. Here we demonstrate that c-kit positive cells are exclusively co-localized with T1R3 (which forms one half of the receptors for sweet and umami taste) in adult taste cells. This implies that c-kit+ cells are primarily taste cells that respond to sweet and umami, but not to bitter, sour, or salty. These data indicate that the control of c-kit activation may be important for proper taste bud formation and may aid in the maintenance of this specific mature taste cell subpopulation. Further characterization of the functional role of c-kit in taste may lead to superior taste cell cultures or organoids, and elucidate mechanisms of taste cell regulation.
Virtual Interviews in the Era of COVID-19: A Primer for Applicants.

Problem The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving crisis with widespread impact upon our medical system, including senior trainee travel for fellowship interviews. Numerous institutions have conscientiously deferred in-person interviews or virtual formats. Given the competitive nature of fellowship interviews, candidates may express concern that they are at a disadvantage in engaging in online meetings versus live, on-site interviews, and similarly may feel ill prepared to perform optimally during online interviews. Approach We draw upon our experience with online interview platforms in this guide for fellowship candidates who are rapidly adapting to new technology and styles associated with videoconference interviews so that they can best promote themselves for competitive positions.
Examination of the Development of 63 Full-Term, Small-for-Date Chinese Children

This study was undertaken to offer some information on the development of small-for-date (SFD) children with intrauterine growth retardation.
Engaging families around museum exhibits: comparing tangible and multi-touch interfaces

Over the last decade, large multitouch displays have become commonplace in museums and other public spaces. While there is preliminary evidence that exhibits based on tangible technologies can be more attractive and engaging for visitors than displays alone, very little empirical research has directly compared tangible to large multitouch displays in museums. In this paper, we present a study comparing the use of a tangible and a multitouch tabletop interface in an exhibit designed to explore musical rhythms. From an observation pool of 791 museum visitors, a total of 227 people in 82 groups interacted with one of the two versions of our exhibit. We share the exhibit design, experimental setup, and methods and measures. Our findings highlight advantages of tangible interaction in terms of attracting and engaging children and families. However, the two exhibits were equally effective at supporting collaborative interaction within visitor groups. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for museum exhibit design vis-a-vis visitor engagement and learning.
Jost Functions and Jost Solutions for Jacobi Matrices, I. A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Szego Asymptotics

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a Jacobi matrix to produce orthogonal polynomials with Szeg\H{o} asymptotics off the real axis. A key idea is to prove the equivalence of Szeg\H{o} asymptotics and of Jost asymptotics for the Jost solution. We also prove $L^2$ convergence of Szeg\H{o} asymptotics on the spectrum.
Chapter 11 – Advances in Microfluidics and Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies

Advances in molecular biology are enabling rapid and efficient analyses for effective intervention in domains such as biology research, infectious disease management, food safety, and biodefense. The emergence of microfluidics and nanotechnologies has enabled both new capabilities and instrument sizes practical for point-of-care. It has also introduced new functionality, enhanced sensitivity, and reduced the time and cost involved in conventional molecular diagnostic techniques. This chapter reviews the application of microfluidics for molecular diagnostics methods such as nucleic acid amplification, next-generation sequencing, high-resolution melting analysis, cytogenetics, protein detection and analysis, and cell sorting. We also review microfluidic sample preparation platforms applied to molecular diagnostics and targeted to sample-in, answer-out capabilities.
Continual Representation Learning For Evolving Biomedical Bipartite Networks.

MOTIVATION Many real-world biomedical interactions such as 'gene-disease', 'disease-symptom', and 'drug-target' are modeled as a bipartite network structure. Learning meaningful representations for such networks is a fundamental problem in the research area of Network Representation Learning (NRL). NRL approaches aim to translate the network structure into low-dimensional vector representations that are useful to a variety of biomedical applications. Despite significant advances, the existing approaches still have certain limitations. First, a majority of these approaches do not model the unique topological properties of bipartite networks. Consequently, their straightforward application to the bipartite graphs yields unsatisfactory results. Second, the existing approaches typically learn representations from static networks. This is limiting for the biomedical bipartite networks that evolve at a rapid pace, and thus necessitate the development of approaches that can update the representations in an online fashion. RESULTS In this research, we propose a novel representation learning approach that accurately preserves the intricate bipartite structure, and efficiently updates the node representations. Specifically, we design a customized autoencoder that captures the proximity relationship between nodes participating in the bipartite bicliques (2 × 2 sub-graph), while preserving both the global and local structures. Moreover, the proposed structure-preserving technique is carefully interleaved with the central tenets of continual machine learning to design an incremental learning strategy that updates the node representations in an online manner. Taken together, the proposed approach produces meaningful representations with high fidelity and computational efficiency. Extensive experiments conducted on several biomedical bipartite networks validate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed approach. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ready, willing, and able: California college campus law enforcement officers' respond to the opioid overdose attitudes scale.

College campus police departments are providing law enforcement officers the authority to administer naloxone, the antidote to opioid overdose. This study explored the competence, concerns, and rea...
Expectations for Astrometry with the Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope, a large optical instrument having an aperture of 2.4 meters and a length of 8.8 meters has been developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the European Space Agency. The Space Shuttle will be used to place the telescope in orbit. The primary astrometric instrument will be one of the three Fine Guidance Sensors which have the capability of measuring the position of one object with respect to another to an accuracy of ±0.″002. To facilitate use of the Hubble Space Telescope, observers will be provided with the Astrometric Data Reduction Software package. The variety of astrometric problems and the several modes of operation are mentioned as well as the cooperative program with the European astrometric satellite project HIPPARCOS.