cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHANCE, HABITAT AND DISPERSAL IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF BIRDS IN THE WEST INDIES

New approaches to the analysis of insular communities have stimulated a strong revival of interest in the field of biogeography (Preston, 1960; MacArthur and Wilson, 1963, 1967; Hamilton et al., 1964). Of the many problems associated with the determination of insular faunas, the one of how the number of species within a taxonomic group is regulated has proven most amenable to theoretical abstraction (MacArthur and Wilson, 1967). A carefully conducted empirical test has subsequently confirmed many predictions of the equilibrium theory, and places on a solid footing the idea that the number of species on islands is regulated by a balance of immigration and extinction rates (Simberloff and Wilson, 1969). The importance of these fundamental processes in island biogeography seems well enough established that it is now of interest to build upon them as assumptions in seeking to extend the analysis. In this paper I will explore two problems in the distribution of West Indian birds. The first involves the degree of determinism in insular faunas. How accurately can the list of species present be predicted from a knowledge of easily recorded ecological features, i.e., an island's location in relation to sources of colonists, size and range of habitats? The second concerns the regulation of sympatry within adaptively related groups of species as a function of faunal size.
Abstract 2097: ARHI (DiRAS3): A novel component in the formation of the autophagy initiation complex

The maternally imprinted Ras-related tumor suppressor gene Aplasia Ras homolog member I (ARHI; also known as DiRAS3) is downregulated in more than 60% of ovarian cancers. We reported that re-expression of ARHI in vitro at physiologic levels induces autophagy by blocking PI(3)K-Akt signaling and inhibiting mTOR activity, and participates directly in the autophagic vesicles, co-localizing with MAP-LC3-II in the vesicle membrane. Nucleation of autophagic vesicles is controlled by the activity and formation of multi-protein complexes that include Beclin-1 and several other positive and negative regulators. While binding of Beclin-1 to Vps34 and ATG14 forms proautophagic complexes to promote autophagy, binding of Bcl-2 to Beclin-1, however, disrupts the Beclin-1:Vps34 interaction and inhibits autophagy. The mechanisms that regulate the switch between different binding partners to Beclin-1, and therefore controls the level of autophagy is not clear. Here we report that ARHI physically interacts with endogenous Beclin-1 and Vps34 in ovarian cancer cells. Interaction with ARHI decreases the association between Beclin-1 and its negative regulator Bcl-2, by disrupting Beclin-1 homodimerization. An N-terminal deletion of ARHI that cannot induce autophagy fails to block Beclin-1 homodimerization and cannot disrupt Beclin-1:Bcl-2 interaction. Consistent with its role in promoting the formation of autophagy initiation complex, cells with knockdown of ARHI fail to respond to starvation-mediated dissociation of Beclin-1:Bcl-2 interaction and are unable to induce Beclin-1:Vps34 complex formation. Finally, ARHI knockdown decreases PI(3)KC3 activity and reduces starvation-mediated autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest that ARHI is a positive and necessary regulator of Beclin-1:Vps34 complex and that ARHI regulates starvation-mediated autophagy by promoting the formation of the autophagy initiation complexes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2097. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2097
Studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in Iran. I. Virus isolates obtained from Phlebotomus.

Abstract A total of 62 virus isolates was obtained from 12,485 male and female sandflies (predominately Phlebotomus papatasi) collected in a village in central Iran during the summer of 1975. The overall virus isolation rate from female sandflies was 1 per 177 insects processed. Of the 62 virus strains obtained, 49 were identified as Sicilian virus, 11 as Karimabad, and 2 as a new member of the vesicular stomatitis serogroup. One isolate each of Sicilian and Karimabad virus was made from pools of male sandflies. The three virus types were active in the sandfly population simultaneously. Sicilian virus isolation rates showed little variation during the study period, suggesting continuous virus activity during the sandfly season. The implications of these findings for the epidemiology of sandfly fever are discussed.
Use of posterior night splints in the treatment of plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is a frequent cause of heel pain in athletes, as well as in persons who are not involved in sports. Stretching, strengthening, correction of training errors and orthotics are essential components in any treatment program. For patients who do not respond to these interventions, posterior night splints can obviate the need for invasive therapies such as corticosteroid injections and surgery.
On the Importance of Family, Morality, Masculine, and Feminine Honor for Theory and Research

This paper presents an approach to honor as multifaceted. In this approach, honor is defined as having four different facets, or honor codes: morality-based honor, family honor, masculine honor, and feminine honor. The honor-as-multifaceted approach has generated much psychological research examining the importance of each honor code across different cultural and social groups. An overview of this research shows that that the different honor codes exert a powerful influence on a variety of group processes, including collective action, in-group identification, the definition of gendered roles within the family, in-group responses to threats to collective honor, intergroup attitudes, and value change within groups. The paper discusses how defining and measuring honor as multifaceted -rather than as an unitary construct- provides a fuller understanding of honor's role in group life.
An All-Natural Composite Material Roof System for Residential Construction

Publisher Summary Researchers at the Department of Chemical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Delaware are working to develop an all-natural composite material roof system for residential construction. The roof will be fabricated using innovative composite materials made from soy-oil based resins and all-natural fibers. The all-natural composites are significantly less expensive than traditional polymer-based composites and are environmentally friendly. The composite resin is derived from soy-oil, a plentiful, renewable crop, and the fibers are byproducts or waste from other seasonal crops. The research will involve design and optimization of the composite material for the roof, development of an integral weather protection layer for the roof, and structural design, analysis and testing of the roof system. The preliminary design of the roof is a sandwich structure configuration, with top and bottom face sheets, periodically spaced webs, and a foam core. The use of low-cost, all-natural composite materials should open the door for alternatives in design, fabrication, and manufacturing in residential construction that may lead to improved performance during earthquakes and hurricanes.
"Bizarre Beliefs & Rational Choices: A Behavioral (& Neuroimaging) Investigation"

Political actors often arrive at very different beliefs from the very same information. In some cases, such divergent – even bizarre – beliefs can lead to extreme political behavior such as ethnic mobilization and war. This paper presents some preliminary behavioral results from two experiments designed to test one mechanism behind biased belief updating: aversive associations with political symbols. The experiments examined the effects of aversive memories on conditional belief formation by comparing two groups (aversively conditioned and a control) estimating likelihoods in a modified card game and then making choices with monetary payoffs based those estimated likelihoods. Our results lend provisional support to the hypothesis that aversive memories lead to increased estimates of the negative event and the choice of actions to avoid it, even when subjects share a common prior belief and are exposed to the same information.
Are the average gait speeds during the 10 meter and 6 minute walk tests redundant in Parkinson disease

We investigated the relationships between average gait speed collected with the 10Meter Walk Test (Comfortable and Fast) and 6Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in 346 people with Parkinson disease (PD) and how the relationships change with increasing disease severity. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses determined relationships between 10Meter Walk Test and 6MWT gait speed values for the entire sample and for sub-samples stratified by Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage I (n=53), II (n=141), III (n=135) and IV (n=17). We hypothesized that redundant tests would be highly and significantly correlated (i.e. r>0.70, p<0.05) and would have a linear regression model slope of 1 and intercept of 0. For the entire sample, 6MWT gait speed was significantly (p<0.001) related to the Comfortable 10 Meter Walk Test (r=0.75) and Fast 10Meter Walk Test (r=0.79) gait speed, with 56% and 62% of the variance in 6MWT gait speed explained, respectively. The regression model of 6MWT gait speed predicted by Comfortable 10 Meter Walk gait speed produced slope and intercept values near 1 and 0, respectively, especially for participants in H&Y stages II-IV. In contrast, slope and intercept values were further from 1 and 0, respectively, for the Fast 10Meter Walk Test. Comfortable 10 Meter Walk Test and 6MWT gait speeds appeared to be redundant in people with moderate to severe PD, suggesting the Comfortable 10 Meter Walk Test can be used to estimate 6MWT distance in this population.
Competency-Based Framework and Continuing Education for Preparing a Skilled School Health Workforce for Asthma Care: The Colorado Experience:

School health teams commonly address the needs of students with asthma, which requires specific knowledge and skills. To develop a skilled school health team, a competency-based framework for managing asthma in schools was developed. A modified Delphi with 31 panelists was completed. Consensus (≥80% agreement) was reached for all 148 items regarding the appropriateness as a minimum competency for asthma care in schools. The resultant Colorado Competency Framework for Asthma Care in Schools guided the development and pilot testing of a continuing education curriculum for school nurses. Pre- and postassessments demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge and self-confidence related to asthma care in schools and inhaler technique skills. This work is the first to use a consensus process to identify a framework of minimum competencies for providing asthma care in schools. This framework informed a continuing education curriculum that resulted in improved knowledge, confidence, and skills for school nurses.
Perceptions of emotion and age among younger, midlife, and older adults.

Objectives: Older adults report greater emotional well-being than younger persons, yet negative stereotypes about aging are pervasive. Little is known about age group perceptions of emotion in adul...
The Accidental Director: Critical Skills in Library Leadership

The first appointment as an academic library director can be fraught with unexpected challenges, even if you are mentally prepared for that opportunity and have moved up as planned through the organizational structure. When the appointment is unexpected and sudden, the move can be much more complicated. This article discusses how to draw on a wide variety of previous professional experiences, sharpen communication skills, and incorporate emotional intelligence during and following that transitional time to ease the path to effective leadership. The experience of being an “accidental director” will become part of a valuable tool kit regardless of your ultimate career path.
Surgical Graduate Medical Education Program Accreditation and the Clinical Learning Environment: Patient Safety and Health Care Quality

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education provides accreditation for more than 9000 US residency programs and more than 120,000 residents and fellows. This chapter focuses on the two key activities by which ACGME is seeking to advance the quality of GME around patient safety and health care quality among its programs. The first section of this chapter reviews the evolution of the issue of patient safety and health care quality within its accreditation standards. The second section reviews the rapidly evolving Clinical Learning Environment Review (CLER) program, its formative evaluative design, and how its initial findings are informing the GME community along with their hospital, medical center, and ambulatory care participating sites on how their surgery residents and fellows may better contribute to improving clinical care.
Association between modifiable risk factors and pharmaceutical expenditures among adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United States: 2012-2013 medical expenditures panel survey

Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) causes most deaths in the United States and accounts for the highest healthcare spending. The association between the modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of ASCVD and pharmaceutical expenditures are largely unknown. Methods and Results We examined the association between MRFs and pharmaceutical expenditures among adults with ASCVD using the 2012 and 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. A 2‐part model was used while accounting for the survey9s complex design to obtain nationally representative results. All costs were adjusted to 2013 US dollars using the gross domestic product deflator. The annual total pharmaceutical expenditure among those with ASCVD was $71.6 billion, 33% of which was for medications for cardiovascular disease and 14% medications for diabetes mellitus. The adjusted relationship between MRFs and pharmaceutical expenditures showed significant marginal increase in average annual pharmaceutical expenditure associated with inadequate physical activity ($519 [95% confidence interval (CI), $12–918; P =0.011]), dyslipidemia ($631 [95% CI, $168–1094; P =0.008]), hypertension: ($1078 [95% CI, $697–1460; P P P Conclusions Worsening MRFs were proportionally associated with higher annual pharmaceutical expenditures among patients with established ASCVD regardless of non‐ASCVD comorbidity. In‐depth studies of the roles played by other factors in this association can help reduce medication‐related expenditures among ASCVD patients.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical outcomes among patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer

Background Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a surrogate for outcome, but not necessarily conversion to BCT eligibility. We sought to examine the impact of NACT on surgical decision making among HR+ patients. Methods Our IRB-approved breast cancer database was queried for patients who underwent NACT, including the clinicopathologic data and surgeon's pre- and post-NACT assessment. Surgical conversion rate (SCR) was defined as patients ineligible for BCT prior to NACT, who were given the choice following NACT. Results Among 289 patients, pCR rates were highest among patients with HER2-enriched subtype (60%) and lowest in patients with luminal A disease (4%). Overall, the BCT rate was 41%, while 28% opted for bilateral mastectomy across subtypes. Despite a low pCR, the SCR was still high (54%) among patients with the luminal A subtype. Conclusion Despite poor pCR rates, NACT still has potential to improve surgical outcomes among hormone receptor positive patients. The surgical conversion rate is a superior measure of the impact of NACT on surgical decision making than examining BCT rates.
Brain metastases: epidemiology

Brain metastases (BM) are the most commonly diagnosed type of central nervous system tumor in the United States. Estimates of the frequency of BM vary significantly, as there is no nationwide reporting system for metastases. BM may be the first sign of a previously undiagnosed cancer, or occur years or decades after the primary cancer was diagnosed. Incidence of BM varies significantly by primary cancer site. Lung, breast, and melanoma continue to be the leading cause of BM. These tumors are increasingly more common as new therapeutics, advanced imaging, and improved screening have led to lengthened survival after primary diagnosis for cancer patients. BM are difficult to treat, and for most individuals the diagnosis of BM generally portends a poor prognosis.
Coda: With Byron on Acrocorinth

In this chapter, we return to the very spot on the Greek landscape where we began in Chap. 2: Acrocor inth. I argue that we can read Byron’s The Siege of Corinth as a poem of resistance to the trope of oneness . Byron, unconcerned with the crisis of subjectivity that plagued so many other poets and thinkers of the era, takes up the trope of melding into one—with nature and with a female object of desire—only to set it down again. He thus rejects vibrant materiality in favour of earthly corporeality. In the poem’s concluding scene, an enormous explosion of gunpowder atop Acrocorinth, which sends body parts flying into the air in bloody confusion, Byron appears, with some irony, to literalize the metaphor of “one with all.”
Minorization-Maximization (MM) algorithms for semiparametric logit models: Bottlenecks, extensions, and comparisons

Abstract Motivated by the promising performance of alternative estimation methods for mixed logit models, in this paper we derive, implement, and test minorization-maximization (MM) algorithms to estimate the semiparametric logit-mixed logit (LML) and mixture-of-normals multinomial logit (MON-MNL) models. In particular, we show that the reported computational efficiency of the MM algorithm is actually lost for large choice sets. Because the logit link that represents the parameter space in LML is intrinsically treated as a large choice set, the MM algorithm for LML actually becomes unfeasible to use in practice. We thus propose a faster MM algorithm that revisits a simple step-size correction. In a Monte Carlo study, we compare the maximum simulated likelihood estimator (MSLE) with the algorithms that we derive to estimate LML and MON-MNL models. Whereas in LML estimation alternative algorithms are computationally uncompetitive with MSLE, the faster-MM algorithm appears emulous in MON-MNL estimation. Both algorithms – faster-MM and MSLE – could recover parameters as well as standard errors at a similar precision in both models. We further show that parallel computation could reduce estimation time of faster-MM by 45% to 80%. Even though faster-MM could not surpass MSLE with analytical gradient (because MSLE also leveraged similar computational gains), parallel faster-MM is a competitive replacement to MSLE for MON-MNL that obviates computation of complex analytical gradients, which is a very attractive feature to integrate it into a flexible estimation software. We also compare different algorithms in an empirical application to estimate consumer’s willingness to adopt electric motorcycles in Solo, Indonesia. The results of the empirical application are consistent with those of the Monte Carlo study.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT Enterprise Zone Employment Act: Provide for Additional Qualifying Businesses and Services; Limit Governmental Authority to Investigate and Inspect Residential Rental Property

The Act adds entities engaged in day-care activities to the list of businesses and services eligible for tax exemptions and abatements under the Enterprise Zone Employment Act of 1997. The Act prohibits local governments from investigating or inspecting residential rental property unless they have probable cause to believe that a violation of applicable codes exists or exited. The Act also prohibits local governments from requiring registration of residential rental property.
Towards a Behavioral Model of a Spatial Labor Market

Migration is increasingly recognized as one of the fundamental processes in geographical analysis—a process that both shapes and reflects the areal differentiation of social systems. Of particular importance is the migration that occurs in response to changes in employment (i. e., labor migration). A variety of models have attempted to describe both the general migration process (see Clark, 1982, for a complete review), as well as the more specialized labor migration process (see Rogerson, 1982). All of these models, however, are deficient in at least two areas. The first arises from the manner in which they conceptualize space; the second is their failure to recognize the importance of person-specific characteristics such as age and job tenure. The model developed in this paper will attempt to address these two shortcomings. First a formulation of space that recognizes its continuous nature will be incorporated into a general model of labor migration. Second, a disaggregate behavioral model of the migrant that recognizes the role of individual characteristics in the decision process will be developed.
Processivity Clamps in DNA Replication

Cells from all domains of life contain ring-shaped sliding clamp proteins that encircle DNA and slide along it. Sliding clamps were initially discovered by their ability to hold the chromosomal replicase to DNA for high processivity during replication of long chromosomes. Sliding clamps are opened and closed around DNA by a clamp-loading machine driven by ATP hydrolysis. Sliding clamps also bind many other proteins including ligase, mismatch repair factors, certain nucleases, and numerous DNA polymerases involved in DNA repair. We briefly review the structure and function of sliding clamps and clamp-loading machines. We then describe how clamps are utilized by the replicating apparatus to circumvent various obstacles encountered during replication.
Evaluation of Matrix Effects in Quantifying Microbial Secondary Metabolites in Indoor Dust Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Mass Spectrometer.

Abstract Background Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) for simultaneous analysis of multiple microbial secondary metabolites (MSMs) is potentially subject to interference by matrix components. Methods We examined potential matrix effects (MEs) in analyses of 31 MSMs using ultraperformance LC-MSMS. Twenty-one dust aliquots from three buildings (seven aliquots/building) were spiked with seven concentrations of each of the MSMs (6.2 pg/μl–900 pg/μl) and then extracted. Another set of 21 aliquots were first extracted and then, the extract was spiked with the same concentrations. We added deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM) to all aliquots as a universal internal standard. Ten microliters of the extract was injected into the ultraperformance LC-MSMS. ME was calculated by subtracting the percentage of the response of analyte in spiked extract to that in neat standard from 100. Spiked extract results were used to create a matrix-matched calibration (MMC) curve for estimating MSM concentration in dust spiked before extraction. Results Analysis of variance was used to examine effects of compound (MSM), building and concentration on response. MEs (range: 63.4%–99.97%) significantly differed by MSM (p Conclusion We found that dust MEs resulted in substantial underestimation in quantifying MSMs and that DOM was not an optimal universal internal standard for the adjustment but that the MMC method resulted in more accurate and precise recovery compared with DOM. More research on adjustment methods for dust MEs in the simultaneous analyses of multiple MSMs using LC-MSMS is warranted.
Dementia is associated with increased mortality and poor patient-centered outcomes after vascular surgery.

Abstract Objective Dementia has been associated with increased complications and mortality in orthopedics and other surgical specialties, but has received limited attention in vascular surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the association of dementia with surgical outcomes for elderly patients with Medicare who underwent a variety of open and percutaneous vascular surgery procedures. Methods We reviewed claims data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Part A fee-for-service insurance from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011, who underwent inpatient vascular surgery. Only the first surgery during the first admission was considered for analysis. Traditional outcomes (30- and 90-day mortality, intensive care admission, complications, length of stay) and patient-centered outcomes (discharge to home, extended skilled nursing facility [SNF] stay, time at home) were adjusted for patient and procedure characteristics using multilevel linear or logistic regression as appropriate. All analyses were performed using SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC). Results Our study included 210,918 patients undergoing vascular surgery, of whom 27,920 carried a diagnosis of dementia. The average age of the entire cohort was 75.74 years, and 55.43% were male. Patients with dementia were older and had higher rates of comorbidities compared with patients without a dementia diagnosis. The three most common defined classes of intervention excluding miscellaneous ones were cerebrovascular, peripheral arterial, and aortic cases, which jointly accounted for 53.15% of cases. Among all cases, 56.62% were open. Emergent/urgent cases were more frequent amongst those with dementia (60.66% vs 37.93%; P Conclusions Dementia is associated with poor traditional outcomes, including increased 30- and 90-day mortality and longer hospital lengths of stay in this large national patient sample. It is also associated with worse patient-centered outcomes, including substantially lower discharge rates to home, less time spent at home after discharge, and higher rates of extended stay in a SNF. These data should be used to counsel patients facing vascular surgery to provide goal-concordant care, particularly to patients with dementia.
Abstract P233: Prevalence of Healthy Lifestyles by Country of Origin and Level of Acculturation among Diverse Hispanic/Latino Men and Women: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos

Introduction: Hispanics/Latinos experience a high burden of CVD risk factors, particularly diabetes and obesity, and CVD is a leading cause of death in this ethnic group. Individual healthy lifestyle factors (HLF) - ideal weight, healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption and physical activity, and non-smoking are associated with favorable levels of CVD risk factors. Little data exist on prevalence of combined HLF among diverse Hispanics/Latinos with varying levels of acculturation. Hypothesis: Prevalence of all 5 HLF varies among Hispanic/Latino men and women of different backgrounds and levels of acculturation. Number of HLF will be higher with lower acculturation. Methods: HCHS/SOL participants (6164 men, 9356 women) ages 18-74. Five HLF were considered: BMI[[Unable to Display Character: ˂]]25kg/m2, healthy diet (highest sex-specific 40% of Alternate Healthy Eating Index), moderate physical activity (moderate-vigorous activity [[Unable to Display Character: ˃]]150 min/week; or vigorous activity [[Unable to Display Character: ˃]] 75 min/week), not currently smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption (men ≤30g/day; women ≤15g/day). Measures of acculturation included nativity, years resided in the US, and language preference. Prevalence of HLF was examined by gender, Hispanic/Latino background, and level of acculturation. Results: Prevalence of having all 5 HLF was low, i.e., only 3.0% in men and 4.4% in women; 18.3% and 22.0% had any four HLF. Among women, prevalence of 5 HLF was highest among Mexicans (7% of 3910), followed by Central (3.8% of 993) and South Americans (3.8% of 609), Cubans (2.3% of 1177), Dominicans (1.6% of 913), and Puerto Ricans (0.7% of 1497). Proportion of those US-born or who had resided in the US [[Unable to Display Character: ˃]]10 years was lower with higher number of HLF; proportion preferring Spanish was higher with higher number of HLF. For example, 17% of women with 5HLF (n=354) were US-born, vs. 40% of those with 0-1 HLF (n=444, all p-values: [[Unable to Display Character: ˂]]0.0001). Among men, Mexicans had highest prevalence of all 5 HLF (4.7% of 2333), followed by Central Americans (4.4% of 648), South Americans (2.4% of 411), Dominicans (1.5% of 474), Puerto Ricans (1.3% of 1057), and Cubans (1.2% of 1036). Among all men, there were no differences in number of HLF by levels of acculturation (p-values: 0.0007-0.019). Conclusions: Having all 5 HLF was low among all Hispanics/Latinos although this differed by Hispanic/Latino background. For women only, greater acculturation was associated with lower prevalence of having all 5 HLF; the lower the acculturation the higher the number of HLF. Public health efforts targeting adverse lifestyles are required to prevent cardiovascular risk factors and disease among Hispanic/Latinos.
Stanford’s Olympus System

Stanford University’s Olympus synthesis system consists of three major components: high-level synthesis (Hercules, Hebe, and Vulcan), logic synthesis (Mercury), and module binding (Ceres). Hercules parses the behavioral description to produce the internal representation, and performs transformations; Hebe performs data path synthesis, scheduling, and design iteration. As an alternative, Vulcan performs simultaneous partitioning and control step scheduling. The system also supports an algorithmic level simulator (Ariadne) and a logic level simulator (Mercury.
Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents: Clinical Applications

Atypical antipsychotics offer superior safety and similar efficacy compared with conventional agents in adults with psychotic disorders. Consequently, atypical antipsychotics have been increasingly used in children and adolescents. Because most information now available on pediatric use comes from case reports and small open-label studies rather than large controlled trials, treatment in pediatric patients is often guided by experience with adults or based on limited evidence in youths. Although the literature contains reports on the use of each agent in this class in children, risperidone has been the focus of the greatest number of reports. However, the atypical antipsychotics are not interchangeable; each has a unique pharmacologic profile and may differ considerably in terms of adverse effects. Evidence on the use of atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents is summarized in this review.
Advances in Pulsed Doppler Methods for Peripheral Perfusion Imaging

We report on methods for imaging blood perfusion in peripheral skeletal muscle tissues without exogenous contrast enhancement. The ultimate goal is to provide new tools for monitoring the development and treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in diabetic patients. Sparse ultrasonic pulse-echo acquisitions are arranged into 3-D echo data arrays. Each array is decomposed using higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) methods to uncouple echo sources for clutter filtering before signal power is mapped into power Doppler (PD) images. This method enables further segmentation of the blood-echo power into flow maps covering non-overlapping velocity ranges. Our method is compared with other imaging modalities that together assess the recovery in a murine hindlimb ischemia model of PAD.
PROSTHESIS-PATIENT MISMATCH BETWEEN TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVES IN TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been associated with increased mortality, but the impact of valve choice on PPM remains unknown. We used a theoretical model to compare the incidence of PPM between the SAPIEN 3 (S3) and EvolutR/Pro
Capital, habitus, and education in contemporary China: Understanding motivations of middle-class families in pursuing studying abroad in the United States

The growing Chinese middle class and their accumulation of wealth and economic capital have seen an increasing number of Chinese students pursuing their education in the West. Due to this growing n...
American Lobster, Homarus americanus , Reproduction and Recruitment in a New England Estuary

While egg-bearing (ovigerous) American lobsters are found in estuaries, it is not known if they are present when their eggs hatch. The major goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a portion of the larvae that serve as new recruits to the Great Bay Estuary lobster population originate from females that are year-around residents. First, a total of nine ovigerous lobsters were fitted with acoustic transmitters and tracked from October through the following spring-to-early summer. We found that all lobsters overwintered in the estuary and were located again within 1 km of their fall positions the following May–June, when their eggs likely hatched. Second, sea sampling surveys carried out in the spring revealed that ovigerous lobsters in the estuary were carrying more developed eggs than their coastal counterparts. Third, through a series of laboratory-based studies, we calculated the putative hatch dates of egg clutches carried by estuarine and coastal lobsters and show that estuarine lobster eggs likely hatch 2–3 weeks earlier than eggs carried by coastal females. Finally, plankton tow surveys in the estuary revealed that stage I larval lobsters (zoeae) were present in the estuary from May to July, which encompasses the predicted hatching period for both estuarine and coastal eggs. Therefore, new recruits to the Great Bay Estuary lobster population likely come from both resident estuarine lobsters and coastal females.
The SUMO‐specific protease SENP1 deSUMOylates p53 and regulates its activity

The stability and activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein are tightly regulated by various posttranslational modifications, including SUMOylation. p53 can be modified by both SUMO1 and SUMO2, although how SUMOylation regulates p53 activity is still obscure. Whether p53 activity is directly regulated by deSUMOylation is also unclear. Here, we show that SENP1, a SUMO-specific protease implicated in pro-oncogenic roles, is a p53 deSUMOylating enzyme. SENP1 interacts with p53 and deSUMOylates p53 in cells and in vitro. Knockdown of SENP1 markedly induced p53 transactivation activity. We further show that SENP1 depletion synergizes with DNA damage-inducing agent etoposide to induce p53 activation and the expression of p21, leading to synergistic growth inhibition of cancer cells. Our results reveal that SENP1 is a critical p53 deSUMOylating enzyme and a promising therapeutic target in wild-type p53 containing cancer cells.
Abstract 1288: BCL6 drives an oncogenic transcriptional and epigenetic program in NSCLC whose inhibition results in antineoplastic activity in vivo

BCL6 is an oncogenic transcription factor that represses multiple target genes by recruiting three essential co-repressors (SMRT, NCOR, BCOR) via its BTB domain. These, in turn, serve as scaffold to form distinct complexes with various chromatin remodelers. We found that BCL6 is required to sustain oncogenic features in NSCLC such as cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BCL6 allows NSCLC cells to survive several stress conditions including exposure to DNA damaging agents. Although these data demonstrated a critical role of BCL6 in NSCLC oncogenesis, the mechanism underlying its oncogenic activity remains unknown. To elucidate the role of BCL6 in NSCLC, we used the small molecule FX1 which specifically disrupts the interaction between the BTB domain and its essential corepressors (Kd 7+/- 3 uM). An in vitro screening demonstrated that FX1 impaired the survival of 6/15 (40%) BCL6-positive NSCLC cell lines that we considered as BCL6-dependent. Furthermore, FX1 (25mg/kg, every other day) significantly decreased the tumor growth of two BCL6-dependent human NSCLC xenograft models (p Citation Format: Rossella Marullo, Maria V. Revuelta, Yong Ai, Fengtian Xue, Leandro Cerchietti. BCL6 drives an oncogenic transcriptional and epigenetic program in NSCLC whose inhibition results in antineoplastic activity in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1288.
Modification of the Pulmonary MyD88 Inflammatory Response Underlies the Role of the Yersinia pestis Pigmentation Locus in Primary Pneumonic Plague.

Pneumonic plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is a rapidly progressing bronchopneumonia involving focal bacterial growth, neutrophilic congestion, and alveolar necrosis. Within a short time after inhalation of Y. pestis, inflammatory cytokines are expressed via the Toll/IL1 adaptor myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), which facilitates the primary lung infection. We previously showed that Y. pestis lacking the 102kb chromosomal pigmentation locus (pgm) are unable to cause inflammatory damage in the lungs, whereas the WT strain induces the toxic MyD88 pulmonary inflammatory response. In this work, we investigated the involvement of the pgm in skewing the inflammatory response during pneumonic plague. We show that the early MyD88-dependent and -independent cytokine responses to pgm- Y. pestis infection of the lungs are similar yet distinct from those that occur during pgm+ infection. Furthermore, we found that MyD88 was necessary to prevent growth of the iron-starved pgm- Y. pestis despite the presence of iron chelators lactoferrin and transferrin. However, while this induced neutrophil recruitment, there was no hyper-inflammatory response and pulmonary disease was mild without MyD88. In contrast, growth in blood and tissues progressed rapidly in the absence of MyD88, due to an almost total loss of serum IFNγ. We further show that the expression of MyD88 by myeloid cells is important to control bacteremia, but not the primary lung infection. The combined data indicate distinct roles for myeloid and non-myeloid MyD88, and suggest that expression of the pgm locus is necessary to skew the inflammatory response in the lungs to cause pneumonic plague.
Anti-Racism Education and Training for Adult Mentors Who Work With BIPOC Adolescents:

Racism and White supremacy culture shape the experiences of youth and adults in mentoring programs, which is detrimental to the development of BIPOC youth. The aims of this paper are to a) show why...
An Alternative Function For The Wind And Temperature Gradients In Unstable Surface Layers

The function φ(ζ)=(1+γ|z/L|2/3)1/2,where z is the height, L the Obukhov length, and γ a constant,is proposed for the nondimensional wind speed and temperaturegradients (flux-profile relationships) in anunstable surface layer. This function agrees quite well withboth wind speed and temperature data,has the theoretically correct behaviour in convective conditions,and leads to simple results when integrated to produce the mean profiles.
A Constitutional Birthright: The State, Parentage, and the Rights of Newborn Persons

State parentage laws, dictating who a newborn child’s first legal parents will be, have been the subject of constitutional challenges in several U.S. Supreme Court and many lower court decisions. All of those decisions, however, have focused on constitutional rights of adults (especially unwed biological fathers) who wish to become, or to avoid becoming, legal parents. Neither courts nor legal scholars have considered whether the children have any constitutional rights that constrain legislatures and courts in deciding which adults will be their legal parents. If a state enacted a parentage law that said, for example, that any child born to a birth mother who already had two children would be placed in a parentchild relationship at birth with applicants for adoption rather than with the birth mother, would that infringe on any constitutional right of the child? Or would the birth mother be the only person with standing to challenge the law? Such a law would be purely hypothetical in the U.S. (though not far from reality in some other parts of the world). But the actual current parentage laws in the United States, which confer legal parent status in almost all instances on biological parents, with no regard for fitness, also have a seriously adverse affect on a subset of children - specifically, children whose birth parents are manifestly unfit to raise children, as evidenced by serious child maltreatment histories, criminal records, substance abuse, mental illness, and/or imprisonment. This Article is the first to consider whether states violate a constitutional right of some children when their parentage laws consign the children to legal relationships with, and into the custody of, adults whom the state knows to be unfit. It identifies opportunities for children’s advocates to advance constitutional challenges to state parentage laws as applied to newborn offspring of adults unfit to parent, and it presents a robust legal theory to underwrite such challenges.
The Effect of Employment Frictions on Crime: Theory and Estimation

I investigate how long it takes for released inmates to find a job, and when they find a job, how their incarceration rate changes. An on-the-job search model with crime is used to model criminal behavior, derive the estimation method and analyze several policies including a job placement program. The results show the unemployed are incarcerated twice as fast as the employed and take on average four months to find a job. Combining these results, it is demonstrated that reducing the average unemployment spell of criminals by two months reduces crime and recidivism by more than five percent.
The Impact of Size and Age on Firm-Level Performance: Some Evidence from India

Using contemporary data for an extensive sample of 1020 Indian firms, this paper investigates the impacts that size and age of firms have on firm-level productivity and profitability. In India older firms are found to be more productive and less profitable, whereas the larger firms are, conversely, found to be more profitable and less productive. These performance differences are explained as arising from the market-restricting industrial policies that have been followed in India over the past three decades.
Getting a Competitive Edge Through Economics

Students who choose to major or minor in economics do not always do so because they are interested in becoming economists. Unlike degrees in accounting or nursing, the practical applications of an economics degree are not often obvious. Some of us choose economics simply because we enjoy it, and do not realize until later all of the avenues open to graduates with an economics background. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol4/iss1/5 From the Economics Department Getting a Competitive Edge Through Economics
Commonplace Human Factors Problems Experienced by the Colorblind—A Pilot Questionnaire Survey

The scientific literature on defective color vision contains virtually no studies of the commonplace human factors problems experienced by the "color-blind." The majority of relevant studies reported, have either been concerned with genetics or with color vision theories. The practical problems involved in human engineering products used by color deficient individuals become more significant, when it is considered that some surveys place the incidence of some form of defective color vision as high as 8 percent of world male population and 2 percent of the female. A pilot questionnaire survey was undertaken to test a proposed methodology for learning about and cataloguing the human factors problems experienced by color deficient individuals in dealing with the natural and man-made worlds. Language: en
The IκB-NF-κB Signaling Module: Temporal Control and Selective Gene Activation

Nuclear localization of the transcriptional activator NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) is controlled in mammalian cells by three isoforms of NF-κB inhibitor protein: IκBα, -β, and -ɛ. Based on simplifying reductions of the IκB–NF-κB signaling module in knockout cell lines, we present a computational model that describes the temporal control of NF-κB activation by the coordinated degradation and synthesis of IκB proteins. The model demonstrates that IκBα is responsible for strong negative feedback that allows for a fast turn-off of the NF-κB response, whereas IκBβ and -ɛ function to reduce the system's oscillatory potential and stabilize NF-κB responses during longer stimulations. Bimodal signal-processing characteristics with respect to stimulus duration are revealed by the model and are shown to generate specificity in gene expression.
Autotomy reflex in a freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae)

A novel apparatus was developed that induced segmental autotomy in the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. The apparatus delivered a quantifiable amount of focal compression to the dorsal body surface at a selected site along the worm. This resulted in a rapid and stereotyped autotomy sequence, beginning with formation of a lateral fissure in the body just anterior to the compression site. Formation of the fissure usually occurred 100– 200 ms after the onset of compression. Autotomy readily occurred in the absence of significant longitudinal tension at the autotomy site and in the absence of direct laceration of the body wall. Autotomy culminated in a complete, transverse separation and sealing of anterior and posterior body fragments with no apparent blood loss from either end. There was a direct relationship between the amount of compression and the probability of autotomy in both midbody and tail regions. However, there was a consistently greater probability of autotomy in tail versus midbody regions. Autotomy did not occur if the duration of compression was less than 77 ms. Autotomy responses were suppressed in dose-dependent manner by a 15 min treatment with nicotine prior to compression. In instances where compression just failed to induce autotomy there was no evidence of disruption of impulse conduction in giant nerve fibers. Rapid and clear-cut autotomy, in combination with this worm’s significant capacity for regeneration of lost segments, are adaptively significant strategies for surviving predatory attack.