cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric study of hemoglobin as an interference in serum total protein blanking

Abstract A spectrophotometric study is presented to indicate the difficulty in accurately correcting for hemoglobin interference in the biuret reaction for serum total proteins. The several ways in which a serum blank is derived have been considered. An evaluation of the results leads to the conclusion that the most common blanking technique cannot make the correction it is purported to make when a copper-deficient reagent is used, if one considers what happens to hemoglobin when it is reacted with an alkaline copper solution of the biuret reagent. This conclusion also becomes evident in comparison to other blanks used, because less common serum blanks are also theoretically compromised in their intent to accomplish this same corrective purpose. In this study, hemoglobin is added to biuret reagent and the spectral structure is compared to that of pure albumin, a conventional calibrator for total protein measurements. In this comparison, it is shown that hemoglobin, a blood protein, has an intensity in absorbance almost double that of albumin, whereas the copper-deficient blank reagent does not have the same spectral character and its absorbance at the biuret peak wavelength does not correct properly. The latter is therefore not reliable as a serum blank for correcting the interference of hemoglobin in the biuret reaction even though it may minimize the error created to a partial extent.
FABRIC SPECIALITY STORES: CONSUMER DISSATISFACTION WITH SELECTED IN‐STORE ATTRIBUTES

This consumer dissatisfaction study focused on selected in-store attributes of the fabric speciality store. The procedure was to select fifteen fabric speciality stores at random in the Phoenix area and distribute thirty questionnaires to customers at each store. The 264 returns were analysed by examining the respondents' comments about the fabric speciality store most often shopped in, the respondents' ratings of the statements concerning the average fabric speciality store's attributes and the complaints the respondents made to fabric speciality stores. The fabric speciality store attributes found to be both important and dissatisfying included: salesperson's helpfulness, variety of fabrics, quality of fabrics, salesperson's product knowledge and fabric price.
Refining patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy using cardiac MRI: "brother, can you spare a paradigm?".

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is generally considered to be an adaptive response that allows for normal ejection fraction despite abnormal pressure and/or volume load.1 However, this adaptation is associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke.2–4 Insight into the prevalence and consequences of LVH and response to treatment was made possible by the advent of echocardiography,5 which has been used to measure left ventricular mass for the past 3 decades6 in cross-sectional and epidemiological studies and serially in clinical trials.7 Cardiac MRI is accepted as a more precise means to measure LV mass8,9 and is being used in large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies.10,11 The article by Khouri et al in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 12 reflects this maturation of cardiac MRI; these authors used MRI-derived mass and volume to refine the paradigm of LV hypertrophic response in a large (2803 subjects) cross-sectional study of participants in the Dallas Heart Study. Article see p 164 To understand the importance of this work, some context should be provided. Hypertrophy, defined as an increase in LV mass in relation to body size (ie, high LV mass index), is produced by an increase in chamber size, an increase in wall thickness, or both. For decades, concentric hypertrophy was considered the appropriate, even universal, response to a pressure load, as the heart adapted to maintain normal stroke volume despite high systolic pressure.13 In 1992, Ganau et al13 proposed a simple quantitative classification paradigm based on their study of …
Estimation of spectra sample size for characterizing single cells using micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Single-cell micro-Raman spectroscopy has the potential to become a powerful, new cytometric approach for discriminating between cell types and identifying subpopulations of cells based on differences in the intrinsic, molecular content of the cells. Despite the considerable progress in demonstrating many biomedical applications of single-cell Raman spectroscopy, an unresolved issue with this method is the inconsistent manner in which the technique has been applied experimentally to acquire spectra from a cell, which can potentially lead to irreproducible and inconsistent results from study to study. Specifically, the problem pertains to the validity of using micro-Raman spectroscopy to sample an arbitrary fraction of the cell volume and to claim that the resulting spectrum represents the entire cell volume. In this study, we investigate the effect of sample size (i.e. the number of Raman spectra acquired from distinct locations in a cell) on the ability to generate a Raman spectrum that accurately describes the total molecular content of the cell. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a minimum sample size of Raman spectra acquired from a cell can be used in place of a full hyperspectral Raman image to achieve the same degree of discrimination between different cell populations. Lymphocytes exposed to the chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, at different concentrations and exposure times are used as a model biological system in this study. This work demonstrates the importance of adequate spectral sampling and presents an approach for determining the minimum sample size needed to reproduce a Raman spectrum of a whole cell, which are expected to impact future single-cell Raman spectroscopy studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of heavier main‐group compounds with hydrogen, ammonia, ethylene and related small molecules

The first reaction between hydrogen and a main-group compound under ambient conditions was reported in 2005. This unexpected result has been followed by numerous others which show that such reactivity is widespread in unsaturated and multiple bonded main-group species. These may react spontaneously not only with hydrogen, but also with ethylene, ammonia and related molecules. This account focuses on results from the author's laboratory but also on parallel work by other groups. The link between HOMO-LUMO separations, symmetry considerations and reactivity of the main-group species is emphasized as is their similarity in reactivity to transition-metal organometallic compounds.DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100016
Single Mode Fiber Polarization Modulator

All-fiber acousto-optic modulators have been proposed for applications in which large insertion losses or back- reflections due to fiber-air or fiber-integrated optic interfaces cause detrimental effects.[1] Many sensing applications, such as the fiber-optic gyroscope and other heterodyned interferometers have such a requirement. A component of great interest in these applications is the in-fiber frequency shifter.
The Blitz Anesthesia Technique in Non-English Speaking Patients Undergoing Glaucoma Surgery.

Aim: To describe a less invasive method of providing anesthesia in non-English speaking patients undergoing glaucoma surgery. Settings and design: Prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary Care Eye Institute, Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Materials and methods: The blitz anesthesia technique was applied to 15 non-English speaking patients (Vietnamese, Mandarin, Russian and Korean) during glaucoma surgery. With input from family members, a diagram was created for each patient. The diagram consisted of a translation and phonetic guide to pronunciation of common words or phrases in the patient’s native language that might be used by the surgical team during the operation. Results: The blitz anesthesia technique worked well to provide patient comfort during the procedures. All patients reported adequate pain control and described their experience as comfortable. Additionally, patients reported feeling reassured that they were able to understand basic information from the surgical team during their case. This technique decreased patient anxiety prior to and during the surgical procedure.
Fitness Components of Aphytis melinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Reared in Five California Insectaries

Shipments of 50,000 commercially reared Aphytis melinus DeBach were obtained from each of the five insectaries that produce and sell this parasitoid to citrus growers in California for control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell). Shipments were received from each insectary every 2 mo over a period of a year to assess variability in quality through time and between insectaries. As indices of quality, we assessed the percentage of live parasitoids (both sexes) 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d after receipt of the shipment, shipment sex ratio, and the size of female wasps. We found a fair amount of variation in the percentage of A. melinus that were alive on different sampling days. Despite the fact that all insectaries rear A. melinus in temperature controlled rooms and all of our studies were done at 22°C, wasp mortality occurred more quickly in the colder months of November, January through February, and March. Similar trends were observed with sex ratios; many of the insectaries had male-biased sex ratios in the colder months, especially January through February. Wasp size varied significantly for each of the insectaries throughout the year, with the summer months of July through August yielding significantly smaller females than other months. Collectively our results have important implications for biological control on citrus in California.
Raging incrementalism: harnessing change with open-source software

Change is a bitter fact of life for system developers and, to a large extent, conventional practices are aimed at arresting change and minimizing its effects. We take the opposite view and are exploring system engineering practices that harness the forces of change for the ongoing, incremental improvement of systems---a view we name raging incrementalism. We harness three powerful forces to ride the waves of change: open-source software, commodity hardware, and web-like, representational state transfer architectures. This paper describes an early experiment in applying raging incrementalism to a complex system: large-scale digital video capture, distribution, and archival for launch range operations. We outline the methodology of raging incrementalism, describe the vital role open-source plays in system development and construction, and offer insights on the programmatic consequences of embracing open-source software.
Toward five-dimensional scaling: how density improves efficiency in future computers

We address integration density in future computers based on packaging and architectural concepts of the human brain: a dense 3-D architecture for interconnects, fluid cooling, and power delivery of energetic chemical compounds transported in the same fluid with little power needed for pumping. Several efforts have demonstrated that by vertical integration, memory proximity and bandwidth are improved using efficient communication with low-complexity 2-D arrays. However, power delivery and cooling do not allow integration of multiple layers with dense logic elements. Interlayer cooled 3-D chip stacks solve the cooling bottlenecks, thereby allowing stacking of several such stacks, but are still limited by power delivery and communication. Electrochemical power delivery eliminates the electrical power supply network, freeing valuable space for communication, and allows scaling of chip stacks to larger systems beyond exascale device count and performance. We find that historical efficiency trends are related to density and that current transistors are small enough for zetascale systems once communication and supply networks are simultaneously optimized. We infer that biological efficiencies for information processing can be reached by 2060 with ultracompact space-filled systems that make use of brain-inspired packaging and allometric scaling laws.
New look at fluid inclusions

The long-held fascination with natural fluid inclusions in minerals is alive and well, partly as a result of new analytical techniques. The fluids and precipitated crystals in these submillimeter-dimension inclusions could yield evidence of the last stages of crystallization of their host minerals. They are remnants of the fluids with which the mineral was in equilibrium. Thus they could be highly valuable in the interpretation of hydrothermal mineral and ore deposits, metamorphic and igneous deposits, and petroleum-bearing rocks.
Di‐tert‐butyl Chromate

[1189-85-1] C8H18CrO4 (MW 230.22) InChI = 1S/2C4H9O.Cr.2O/c2*1-4(2,3)5;;;/h2*1-3H3;;;/q2*-1;+2;; InChIKey = PNWJTIFZRHJYLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (selectively oxidizes allylic methylene groups to carbonyl groups; oxidizes alcohols to aldehydes and ketones) Alternate Names: tert-butyl chromate. Physical Data: red crystals; oil at rt; mp −5 to 0 °C. Solubility: sol CH2Cl2, C6H6, BuOH, tert-BuOH, CCl4, petroleum ether, C6H6 or CCl4 or Cl2CCCl2/Ac2O/HOAc. Preparative Method: prepared from tert-butanol and Chromium(VI) Oxide or Chromyl Chloride. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: should be used as prepared. Chromium(VI) compounds are toxic and should be handled with care; the mutagenicity of CrVI compounds is well documented.1f Use in a fume hood.
Direct interaction of Plin2 with lipids on the surface of lipid droplets: a live cell FRET analysis.

Despite increasing awareness of the health risks associated with excess lipid storage in cells and tissues, knowledge of events governing lipid exchange at the surface of lipid droplets remains unc...
Graduate Student and Faculty Perspectives about Graduate School

There has been little research concerning how entering students view graduate education (e.g., perceive their role or the control they have over the academic environment). This study investigated perceptions of the student role and expectancies of student control among entering clinical psychology graduate students and clinical faculty in nine psychology departments. Findings indicated that students arrived on campus with role perceptions generally in line with those of faculty, concerning which qualities are considered important for student success. After a semester in the program, student perceptions were even more similar to faculty perceptions. Other findings revealed expectancies of diminished control (i. e., students perceived less of an impact on the student–faculty relationship and more of a need to comply with disliked program policies after their first semester than they had anticipated before entering graduate school). Because students appear to know what it takes to succeed in graduate school,...
Interjurisdictional Competition and Local Government Spending in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Using a new comprehensive data set of 314 U.S. metropolitan areas (or all metro areas for which comparable historical data were available), this article provides a newtest of the Leviathan hypothes...
Dynamics of Machine Tool Spindle/Bearing Systems Under Thermal Growth

Increased use of high-speed machining creates the need to predict spindle/bearing performance at high speeds. Spindle dynamic response is a function of the nonlinear bearing stiffness. At high speeds, thermal expansion can play an important role in bearing stiffness. A complete bearing load-deflection analysis including thermal expansion is derived and is coupled with an analysis of spindle dynamic response. Steady-state temperature distribution is found from heat generation at the contact point and from a quasi three-dimensional heat transfer model. Numerical solutions give a good prediction of thermal growth and heat generation in the bearing. Predicted high-speed spinale frequencies show good agreement with experimentation. The effects of loading condition and bearing material type on bearing stiffness are also shown.
Involvement of the avian amygdalar homologue (archistriatum posterior and mediale) in defensively conditioned heart rate change.

Archistriatal involvement in visually conditioned heart rate change (established by pairing light and foot-shock) was studied in 198 pigeons by evaluating conditioning performance following lesions of different archistriatal subdivisions or interruption of their subtelencephalic projections. Lesions of the anterior-intermedium archistriatum or interruption of its descending projection (tractus occipitomesencephalicus) had no effect on conditioned response development. In contrast, destruction of the posterior-mediale region or interruption of its descending projection (tractus occipitomesencephalicus, pars hypothalami) produced profound conditioning deficits. The findings are entirely consistent with a recent anatomical analysis (Zeier and Karten, 1971) suggesting that only the posterior-mediale archistriatum constitutes the avian amygdalar homologue. It is concluded that the integrity of the posterior-mediale region and its projection to the hypothalamus via the tractus occipitomesencephalicus, pars hypothalami are essential for establishing visually conditioned heart rate change in a defensive conditioning paradigm, and these findings are discussed in the context of structures previously implicated in mediating this conditioned autonomic response.
Structure and electrical properties of undoped oriented poly(phenylene vinylene) films

The influence of anisotropic structure on the electrical properties of undoped oriented poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) films was investigated with impedance spectroscopy and structural characterization. The oriented structure of the stretched PPV films was studied with wave-guide coupling and infrared dichroism. It was found that the unstretched PPV film had a highly planar structure, and one-way stretching converted the planar structure into a uniaxial structure. The impedance of undoped PPV thin films was measured along three different directions: through the film thickness direction, parallel to the stretch direction in the film plane, and perpendicular to the stretch direction in the film plane. Two relaxations were observed, one corresponding to the bulk behavior in the high-frequency range and the other to an interfacial contact polarization in the low-frequency range. From equivalent circuit modeling, it was found that the bulk conductivity through the film thickness direction decreased with increasing orientation, whereas the high-frequency dielectric constant through the film direction remained constant. In addition, the conductivities measured in the film plane were at least two orders of magnitude higher than the conductivity in the direction normal to the film surface.
A single institution experience with the new bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: correlation with existing cytologic, clinical, and histological data.

Our goal was to evaluate the Bethesda system (TBS) in comparison to the previously used system at our institution. One hundred consecutive thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNAs) and 45 consecutive indeterminate FNAs were reviewed by two cytopathology-boarded pathologists, diagnosed based on TBS and correlated with management and follow-up. Re-evaluation led to a diagnosis change in 48% of cases. Thirty-nine percent of benign cases were unsatisfactory under TBS. For malignant diagnoses the positive predictive value (PPV) was unchanged, while the negative predictive value (NPV) was slightly improved using TBS. Both the PPV and NPV were improved for actionable diagnoses. Inter-observer variability across all categories was in moderate agreement. Clinical management of both follicular lesion (FL) and indeterminate cases ranged from none to immediate surgery. Repeat FNA resolved the diagnosis in 50% of indeterminate cases. Indeterminate cases had an overall malignancy rate of 27%; higher in pre- (46%) than post-TBS cases (8%). Inter-observer variability between the reviewing pathologists and the original pathologists for indeterminate cases was fair, and between the two reviewing pathologists was moderate. Using TBS criteria increased the unsatisfactory rate and led to improved prediction of malignancy and actionable diagnoses. The pre-Bethesda diagnosis of FL at our institution led to inconsistent clinical management. Clinical management of patients with indeterminate diagnoses was essentially unchanged following adoption of TBS. The moderate inter-observer agreement between the reviewing pathologists may be related to level of cytology experience, strict adherence to TBS, and the exclusive use of cytomorphology for diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:564–569. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fatigue Reliability Assessment for Long-Span Bridges under Combined Dynamic Loads from Winds and Vehicles

During a bridge’s life cycle, the stresses from multiple dynamic loads might be superposed and progressive fatigue damage might accumulate and induce serious fatigue damage issues. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for fatigue reliability analysis of long-span bridges under combined dynamic loads from vehicles and wind. After modeling the complicated structure details with equivalent orthotropic material, dynamic stress ranges of a long-span bridge are obtained via solving the equations of motion for the vehicle-bridge-wind dynamic system with multiple random variables considered, for instance, vehicle speed, road roughness conditions, and wind velocity and direction. After counting the number of stress cycles at different stress range levels using the rain flow counting method, fatigue damage increments are obtained using the fatigue damage accumulation rule. The probability of failure for the fatigue damage at the end of each block of stress cycles and the cumulative probability of failure can be obtained. As a result, the fatigue life and reliability for the given structure details can be obtained. Based on the results from a case study, the dynamic effects from vehicles are found to be relatively small for long-span bridges and the effects from vehicle speeds and road roughness conditions can be neglected. Nevertheless, even though the stresses from either the vehicle loads or wind loads may not be able to induce serious fatigue problems alone, the superposed dynamic stress ranges cannot be ignored for fatigue reliability assessment of long-span bridges.
Algorithmic mapping of feedforward neural networks onto multiple bus systems

This paper addresses the problem of mapping a feedforward ANN onto a multiple bus system, MBS, with p processors and b buses so as to minimize the total execution time. We present an algorithm which assigns the nodes of a given computational layer (c-layer) to processors such that the computation lower bound [N/sup l//p]t/sub p//sup l/ and the communication lower bound [N/sup l//b]t/sub c/ are achieved simultaneously, where N/sup l/ is the number of nodes in the mapped c-layer l and t/sub p//sup l/ and t/sub c/ are the computation and communication times, respectively, associated with a node in the layer. When computation and communication are not overlapped, we show that the optimal number of processors needed is either 1 or p, depending on the ratio t/sub p//sup l//t/sub c/. When computation and communication are overlapped, we show that the optimal number of processors needed is either 1 or ([t/sub p//sup l//t/sub c/])b. We show that there is a unique arrangement of interfaces such that the total number of interfaces is minimum and the optimal time is reached. Finally, we compare the relative merits of the MBS simulating ANNs over the recently introduced checkerboarding scheme.
Heuchera lakelae (Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Sierra La Marta and Sierra Coahuilón, Coahuila and Nuevo León, Mexico

Described herein is a new species from high-elevation limestone outcrops in the northern Sierra Madre Oriental, closely allied to Heuchera sanguinea, from which it is distinguished on the basis of 6 morphological characters (external flower surface color and indumentum, petal color, petal shape, stamen exsertion, and overall flower shape) as well restriction to high elevations and a geographical range restricted to the Sierra la Marta and Sierra Coahuilon.
Relic Processing of Fine‐Scale, Large‐Area Piezoelectric Ceramic Fiber/Polymer Composites

Fine-scale, large-area lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic fiber/polymer composites were developed using the relic method. Carbon fabrics were used as a starting template material. These fabrics were soaked in PZT stock solution, stacked, and fired, removing the carbon and resulting in a relic structure identical to that of the original template. The relics were then sintered, backfilled with polymer, polished, and poled, resulting in a piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite. The processing of the larger-area composites involved scaling up the procedure utilized in the fabrication of the smaller composites. The application of an optimum uniaxial pressure of 580 Pa to the stacks during firing was found to improve the piezoelectric properties and facilitate the increase in sample area. Scale-up to large area was achieved using two approaches: (1) the use of a larger template material, and (2) tiling smaller area relics together in an array configuration. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of relic composites of 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 area with ∼37 vol% PZT were K= 150 ± 8, d33= 180 ± 11 pC/N, dh= 85 ± 7 pC/N, and dhgh= 5525 × 10−15m2/N. The properties of large-area composites were comparable with those of small area.
Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4 (PDK4) gene expression by glucocorticoids and insulin

Abstract The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and is a key regulatory enzyme in the oxidation of glucose to acetyl-CoA. Phosphorylation of PDC by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK) inhibits its activity. The expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) gene is increased in fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. Transcription of the PDK4 gene is elevated by glucocorticoids and inhibited by insulin. In this study, we have investigated the factors involved in the regulation of the PDK4 gene by these hormones. Glucocorticoids stimulate PDK4 through two glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding sites located more than 6000 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. Insulin inhibits the glucocorticoid induction in part by causing dissociation of the GR from the promoter. Previously, we found that the estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRα) stimulates the expression of PDK4. Here, we determined that one of the ERRα binding sites contributes to the insulin inhibition of PDK4. A binding site for the forkhead transcription factor (FoxO1) is adjacent to the ERRα binding sites. FoxO1 participates in the glucocorticoid induction of PDK4 and the regulation of this gene by insulin. Our data demonstrate that glucocorticoids and insulin each modulate PDK4 gene expression through complex hormone response units that contain multiple factors.
Laser compatible waveguide electroabsorption modulator with high contrast and low operating voltage in GaAs/AlGaAs

The authors demonstrate a SQW-GRINSCH ridge-waveguide electroabsorption modulator in GaAs/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As that has a very high contrast ratio and low operating voltage and also acts as a laser with relatively low threshold current. They achieve contrast ratios of 10 dB/100 mu m of cavity length with an operating voltage of less than -4 V. In addition, when operated as laser, the device exhibits a threshold current of 25 mA. The active layer has a capacitance of 205 pF/mm/sup 2/ which would allow the fabrication of a device with a modulation bandwidth of over 20 GHz. The laser operated at a wavelength only 2-3 nm shorter than the optimum modulation wavelength. >
An information-theoretic approach to queuing in wireless channels with large delay bounds

Queuing theory allows the design of communication links that can provision for quality of service (QoS) in time-varying channels, such as mobile wireless channels, by considering an idealized queuing system that abstracts out the physical layer. Similarly, information theory allows the design and analysis of channel codes that can guarantee low decoding error probability by adapting to the time-varying channel. Whereas other researchers have attempted cross-layer design methods that combine these two approaches, these have been limited to specific choices of practical channel codes. There have been few attempts to combine these two theories to specify the ultimate limit of delay-constrained communications. The paper presents an approach that obtains a QoS exponent by combining the queuing and information theoretic models; in particular, by considering information-theoretically optimal channel codes. Calculations show that such a joint approach yields substantial improvement in QoS performance in a variety of communication scenarios.
John Locke on the Glorious Revolution: A Rediscovered Document*

Peter Laslett has demonstrated that John Locke did not write the Two treatises of government in I689 in order to justify the Glorious Revolution. He wrote them from I679 to i68i in order to counter the influence of Sir Robert Filmer's Patriarcha on the minds of the politically important.' Only a Preface and a single reference to 'Judge Jeffries. . in the late times', written in I689, tied the Two treatises to the events which occasioned their publication. Aside from these few lines, Locke wrote no Letter, no Essay, no Treatise on the Revolution or on the Settlement which followed it. On these subjects silence seems to have been his principal bequest to posterity. But a recently discovered or rediscovered document shows this not to be true. Locke did commit to eleven quarto pages his thoughts on the Glorious Revolution and the Revolution Settlement, pages which he sent untitled and unsigned to his friend, Edward Clarke. The document remained in the hands of the Clarke family until I922, when it was sold with other Clarke papers at Sotheby's. In his edition of Locke's Two treatises, Peter Laslett reports that the manuscript was seen in the I940S and gives a brief summary of its contents. Though no title appears on the manuscript, Laslett refers to it as a A call to the nation for unity.2 Sometime in the I940S the document disappeared, only to reappear on 29June i982 when Sotheby's again offered it for sale under the same title. The Bodleian Library promptly purchased the document, which now resides in the Bodleian bearing the shelfmark, MS Locke e. i8. We are most grateful to the Bodleian Library for permission to publish the manuscript at this time. The manuscript is entirely in Locke's handwriting. The text occupies the outside half of each quarto, with the inside half left clear for emendations and revisions. On only one occasion did Locke actually use the inside half for a major revision, but the rest of the manuscript is filled with minor emendations, indicating that Locke was sketching out his own ideas, not copying another pamphlet. We have not reproduced what Locke struck out in making his minor emendations, but we have
A novel MEA/AFM platform for measurement of real-time, nanometric morphological alterations of electrically stimulated neuroblastoma cells

Studies of electrically induced morphological changes in neurons have either been limited by the resolution of light microscopy or the cell fixation required for electron microscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), however, mechanically maps cell topography, offering exquisite resolution of evolving processes in three dimensions. In this paper, we present a microelectrode array (MEA) based platform for the real-time detection of subtle, electrically induced variations in neuronal morphology, with AFM. This platform required the customized design and production of a silicon-based MEA, integration with a commercial AFM, and the development of biological techniques for culture of neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells onto the device. Biphasic pulse trains (1 Hz) of electric current were delivered to a microelectrode interfaced with a neuroblastoma cell, and the AFM continuously recorded a cross-sectional height profile. Proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate that electric stimulation may induce fluctuations ranging in the 100-300-nm range, 75-fold greater than the systemic resolution, but smaller than the resolution of light microscopy modalities. In addition, the real-time capabilities of AFM captured a collapse (30%-40%) of a neurite cross section, seconds after electric stimulation. Ultimately, this platform can be used to nanocharacterize cell responses to electric stimulation and other biochemical cues, for use in neuronal patterning and regeneration studies.
Current concepts in gingival displacement

Gingival displacement is an important procedure with fabricating indirect restorations. Gingival displacement is relatively simple and effective when dealing with healthy gingival tissues and when margins are properly placed a short distance into the sulcus. Several techniques have proven to be relatively predictable, safe,and efficacious. No scientific evidence has established the superiority of one technique over the others, so the choice of technique depends on the presenting clinical situation and operator preference.
A qualitative analysis of family involvement in prescribed opioid medication monitoring among individuals who have experienced opioid overdoses

ABSTRACTBackground: Little is known about the role, extent, or effects of family member involvement in monitoring and managing opioid analgesics. Knowing when or how family members monitor prescribed opioid medication taking, whether it is acceptable to patients, or how family relationships may be affected by monitoring, are not well documented. Methods: The study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Northwest, an integrated health plan in Oregon and Washington. Semistructured in-depth interviews (N = 87) assessed circumstances surrounding overdose events among individuals who either experienced an opioid-related overdose or were family members of patients who died as a result of such an overdose. A subset of participants (n = 20) described family members' roles in monitoring opioid medications before or after overdoses. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using Atlas.ti. We used a modified grounded theory approach to categorize emergent data and to identify common themes. Results: When family me...
Asymmetric Nonlinear Smooth Transition Garch Models

Many studies of time varying volatility in stock markets have focused on an asymmetry in the volatility process known as “the leverage effect.” This asymmetry, first noted by Black in 1976, is characterized by the market’s asymmetric reaction to news, in the sense that stock market returns become more volatile after a negative price shock, than they do after a positive shock of the same absolute size. The first empirical models which explicitly attempted to capture the leverage effect include Engle’s (1990) A-GARCH model, Nelson’s (1991) E-GARCH model, and then the switching GARCH model proposed by Glosten, et al. (1993). Nowadays, there are many models which attempt to incorporate this asymmetry,1 and they are often conveniently summarized and compared using Engle and Ng’s (1993) “news impact curves,” which plot the predicted volatility response implied by a model, against past price shocks of given sign and size.
Orthopaedic Measures in the Treatment of Severe Burns

The orthopaedic surgeon, by virtue of his special training, may play an important part in the treatment of severely burned patients. Aspects of treatment which deserve his attention are physical therapy, skeletal suspension, and the design and use of special splints; aspects which require his attention are fractures and dislocations, corrective osteotomies, excision of heterotopic bone, and amputations and prosthetic care. Certain of these aspects are presented in modest detail for the purpose of defining to some extent the role of the orthopaedic surgeon in total care of burns.
Factors associated with perpetration of intimate partner violence among college students in China

Objectives Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health threat that contributes to a wide range of physical and mental health issues for victims. However, critical information on IPV in China is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting IPV perpetration as well as victimisation in mainland China. Methods The data were from the International Dating Violence Study 2001–2006 (N=731). The lifetime prevalence of victimisation and perpetration of IPV (ie, physical, psychological and/or sexual) was used for analysis. The following individual characteristics and exposures were included in the analysis based on previous studies which showed an association between these characteristics and IPV: childhood sexual abuse history, substance abuse, violence socialisation, dominance, anger management and communication problems. Results Perpetrators of physical IPV have a higher prevalence of being victims of IPV than non-perpetrators. Female perpetrators have a higher prevalence of anger management issues than male perpetrators. Levels of anger management and violence socialisation are predictors of physical IPV perpetration only for female perpetrators. Conclusions IPV interventions for victims should include interventions for perpetration given that many Chinese victims of IPV also perpetrate IPV. Practice and research on professional education and services for treating individuals who have IPV experience need to be developed in China.
Characterization of Doped GexSi1−x Multiple Quantum well Structures for Far- IR Detectors

Doped GexSi1−x/ Si multiple quantum well structures have been grown by UHV/CVD and characterized by various techniques. SIMS and X-ray confirm the intended modulation of germanium and boron concentrations, and photoluminescence has been used to assess material quality. Strong free-carrier absorption has been observed at normal incidence in some samples. The results suggest that doping intermediate between 4 × 1018 cm−3 and 4 × 1019 cm−3 is necessary for useful detectors.
Tiefgehender Unternehmenswandel durch Flussorientierung im Management

Uber Flussorientierung wird in der logistischen Fachwelt schon lange geredet. Es ist zu einem wichtigen Ritual geworden, in der Einleitung logistischer Bucher die hohe Bedeutung von Material- und Informationsflussen zu beschworen. Doch wie weit reichen die guten Vorsatze? Die moisten Autoren verfangen sich schnell in technischen Fragenstellungen oder in Optimierungsproblemen. Aber was ware, wenn man die Flussorientierung als durchgangiges Gestaltungsprinzip fur Unternehmen wirklich ernst nehmen wurde? Welche konkreten Instrumente und Vorgehensweisen waren hierfur notwendig? Was bedeutet das beispielsweise fur Organisationsstruktur und Geschaftsprozesse, fur vorhandene ERP-Systeme und die Kostenrechnung in Unternehmen?
Hemagglutination with aldehyde-fixed erythrocytes for assay of antigens and antibodies.

SummaryMethods have been described for the preservation of sheep erythrocytes by brief treatment with glutaraldehyde. These cells could be conjugated to proteins in the presence or absence of coupl...
PKG-1α leucine zipper domain defect increases pulmonary vascular tone: implications in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive increase in vasomotor tone, narrowing of the vasculature with structural remodeling, and increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Current treatment strategies include nitric oxide therapy and methods to increase cGMP-mediated vasodilatation. cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) are known mediators of nitric oxide- and cGMP-induced vasodilatation. Deletion of PKG-1 in mice has been shown to induce PH, however, the exact mechanisms by which loss of PKG-1 function leads to PH is not known. In a mouse model with a selective mutation in the NH2-terminus leucine zipper protein interaction domain of PKG-1α [leucine zipper mutant (LZM)], we found a progressive increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and right heart hypertrophy compared with wild-type (WT) mice and increased RhoA-GTPase activity in the lungs. When exposed to chronic hypoxia, LZM mice developed modestly enhanced right ventricular remodeling compared with WT mice. Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that increases cGMP levels, significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced cardiopulmonary remodeling in WT mice but had no effect in LZM mice. We conclude that a functional leucine zipper domain in PKG-1α is essential for maintenance of a low pulmonary vascular tone in normoxia and for cGMP-mediated beneficial effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition in hypoxic cardiopulmonary remodeling.
Correlation of Estimated and Actual Northern Fowl Mite Populations with the Evolution of Specific Antibody to a Low Molecular Weight Polypeptide in the Sera of Infested Hens

Abstract In order to demonstrate the population dynamics of the northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and to characterize the chicken’s immune response to the mites, White Leghorn hens were infested with mites. Visual estimates revealed populations peaked on Wk 5, 4, and 3 after being infested with 10, 50, or about 2,000 mites, respectively. Individual feathers pulled from the vent area of hens 4 wk (28 days) after the hens were infested with either 10 or 50 mites had means of 7,513 and 7,009 mites, respectively. Estimated mean total populations of NFM on these same hens were 182,000 and 258,000, respectively. In two replications, actual counts of viable NFM following infestation with 50 mites increased ca. 10-fold by the 2nd wk after infestations were established in the feathers and then another two-fold during the 3rd wk. Populations in the 4th wk were about one-third of levels observed during the 3rd wk and continued to decline rapidly. Western blot analyses demonstrated the appearance of a mite-specific antibody in sera of White Leghorn hens that was approximately proportional in time of appearance and intensity to estimated NFM populations. Detection of mite-specific antibodies in the hens’ sera continued through 12 wk of the study even though mite populations declined after 3 to 6 wk. The rapid increase and then decline of NFM following infestation in previously uninfested chickens and the fact that the immune response persisted strongly suggests that the population decline was due to an immune response. Therefore control of the mite population by a vaccine may be possible.
ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THROMBOKINASE DERIVED FROM BOVINE PLASMA.

SummaryBovine thrombokinase, incompletely purified, was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Almost all of the protein emerged from the column in the position corresponding to the third wave of serum proteins. The thrombokinase subfractions had the capacity to activate prothrombin in the presence of oxalate, to cause prothrombin activation in a system containing calcium, phospholipid and accelerator (factor V), and to activate chymotrypsinogen. No separation of these activities was evident. This makes it desirable to enquire further whether these activities, as well as the TAMe esterase and the power to correct the Stuart defect, are all properties of the thrombokinase molecule. Accumulating evidence continues to favor the view that thrombokinase can, under proper circumstances, activate prothrombin without the help of presently known forms of accelerator (factor V).
iFrame: Dynamic indoor map construction through automatic mobile sensing

Many pervasive computing applications depend upon maps for navigation and support of location based services. Maps are commonly available for outdoor pervasive applications from a variety of sources. An individual can determine their location outdoors on these maps via GPS. Indoor pervasive applications may also need to know the layout of rooms, doorways and hallways of buildings, and the objects and obstacles within them, however indoor maps of buildings are less prevalent. Moreover, indoor maps may need to be dynamic and updated regularly since the layout changes when objects and obstacles are added or removed by people within the building. In this paper, we present iFrame, a dynamic approach that leverages existing mobile sensing capabilities for constructing indoor floor plans. We explore how iFrame users may collaborate and contribute to constructing 2-dimensional indoor maps by merely carrying smartphones or other mobile devices, and to allow their mobile devices to share information with other users' devices. The iFrame approach consists of four steps: 1) Abstract the unknown indoor map as a matrix; 2) Leverage collaborating mobile devices that incorporate three mobile sensing technologies — accelerometers to support dead reckoning, Bluetooth RSSI detection, and WiFi RSSI detection; 3) Combine the three methods by Curve Fit Fusion (CFF), and 4) Extend iFrame from one room to a whole building by shadow rates and anchor points analysis. We conducted a deployment study that shows iFrame is a light-weight and unattended approach that provides a skeleton map of a real building effectively and automatically. The layouts of 12 rooms are reconstructed within 5–10 minutes. Changes of layout in indoor maps can be detected and the resolution of the reconstructed indoor floor plans can be improved when there is an increase in the number of cooperating users.
Online Dating Coaches' User Evaluation Strategies

Users of online dating systems want to evaluate each other to predict who they will be attracted to in-person. Prior research into evaluation of online dating profiles has shown how users struggle to evaluate physical attractiveness and demographic traits because of deception. Yet we have little knowledge about successful user evaluation strategies, or evaluation of other traits known to influence attraction like personality. We addressed these gaps in knowledge through an interview study of professional online dating coaches (n=27) to extract their self-proclaimed successful user evaluation strategies for 3 categories of traits derived from attraction literature: physical appearance, demographics & values, and personality. We then interpreted these strategies through the lens of theories germane to attraction--Nisbett and Wilson's theory of introspection, Asch's theory of person perception, and Signaling theory.
Visual Search Performance Study Between Single and Multi-modality Highlighting on High Level Difficulty

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of efficiency between visual modality highlighting ,auditory modality highlighting and multi-modality highlighting on high level difficulty. The results were as follows: different highlighting has different significant effects on visual search performance. On high level difficulty,visual modality highlighting and auditory modality highlighting have better visual search performance. Multi-modality highlighting has better visual search performance than single-modality highlighting.