cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Walter’s Group Parties

During the three years between 1987 and 1990 when I was a postdoc of Walter at UCSB, I had the opportunity of having numerous one-on-one discussions with him and listening regularly to his slow, precise and insightful comments during our group’s Wednesday lunch meetings. I also enjoyed greatly the group parties that Walter held at his home every few months then. In the typical air-conditioned Santa Barbara sunny days, the dinner tables were usually placed on a patio in the sloping backyard, with the spectacular wide view of the Pacific Ocean in the distance and Mara’s colorful and neatly kept garden in the immediate surroundings. Walter warmly greeted our families, served delicious barbecue cooked by himself, and told us the fine, fine stories. These were the most beautiful moments of life.
Response of Propionibacterium to acid and low pH: tolerance and inhibition

GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Characteristics and Metabolism 4 Industrial Importance 9 Acid Inhibition and Tolerance 15 RESPONSE OF CULTURES OF 45 PROPIONIBACTERiUM TO ACID AND LOW PH: TOLERANCE AND INHIBITION Abstract 45 Introduction 46 Materials and Methods 47 Results and Discussion 51 References 61 THE EFFECT OF LOW PH, ACID, AND GROWTH 71 ON THE PROTON MOTIVE FORCE OF PROPIONIBACTERIUM THOENII P127 IN BATCH CULTURE Abstract 7
Comparing Traditional Versus Retrospective Pre-/Post-assessment in an Interdisciplinary Leadership Training Program.

Objectives As the U.S. healthcare system shifts toward collaboration, demand for leaders with interdisciplinary skills increases. Leadership competencies guide interdisciplinary training programs; however, identifying cost-effective methods for evaluating leadership competencies is challenging, particularly when interdisciplinary trainees have different areas of expertise and professional goals. Traditional pre-/post-testing, a common method for evaluating leadership competencies, is subject to response-shift bias, which can occur when participants’ understanding of a construct changes between pre- and post-test. As a result, participants may rate their knowledge of the construct lower at post-test. Retrospective pre-tests are one method thought to reduce response-shift bias in pre-/post-tests. The current study explores the use of a retrospective pre-test to control for response-shift bias in an interdisciplinary training program. Methods Over three cohort years, thirty-four trainees from an interdisciplinary leadership program completed a self-assessment aligned with MCH leadership competencies. The traditional pre-test self-assessment was completed at the beginning of the training program. The retrospective pre-/post-test self-assessment was completed at the end of the training program. Results Retrospective pre/post-test scores indicate significant self-reported increases in all 24 leadership areas (p ≤ .001). Furthermore, participants’ self-ratings were significantly higher on the traditional pre-test for all 24 areas than on the retrospective pre-test (p ≤ .001). Conclusions for Practice Retrospective pre-tests appeared to control for response-shift bias and may be a cost-effective way to evaluate trainee change within an interdisciplinary leadership program. These findings suggest the methodology’s usefulness in interdisciplinary training and its potential use in the broader world of community-based MCH training initiatives.
Visual Detection and Avoidance of Pathogenic Bacteria by Aphids

Summary Aphids are diverse sap-sucking insects [ 1 ] that can be serious agricultural pests and vectors of plant disease [ 2 ]. Some species, including pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), are susceptible to infection by epiphytic bacteria that are commonly found on plant surfaces [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Pea aphids appear unable to recover from these infections, possibly because pea aphids are missing apparent orthologs of some immune response genes [ 6 ], and these aphids exhibit relatively low immune responses after pathogen exposure [ 7 ]. We therefore tested the ability of pea aphids to use avoidance as a non-immunological defense against Pseudomonas syringae, a widespread plant epiphyte and aphid pathogen [ 8 , 9 ]. Pea aphids avoided highly virulent strains of P. syringae, but not all strains, and avoidance led to a significant reduction in infection among aphids. We found that aphids can use visual cues to detect the ultraviolet (UV)-based fluorescence of the bacterial siderophore pyoverdine [ 10 ] produced by virulent strains. Avoided epiphytic bacteria caused light leaving the surface of leaves to be richer in wavelengths that were tightly linked to both aphid visual sensitivities and the fluorescent emission spectra of pyoverdine, suggesting that pyoverdine fluorescence mediates avoidance and may be a visual cue used by aphids to detect epiphytic pathogens. Although pyoverdine production in Pseudomonas species may be a broadly reliable indicator of bacterial virulence within the phyllosphere, it was not directly responsible for virulence to aphids. Aphids may be under selection to avoid fluorescence on leaves, a phenomenon with potential use for the control of agricultural pest insects.
Selection of Patients With Localized Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma for Treatment With Perioperative Chemotherapy.

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous disease, in terms of histologic subtype, body site of presentation, and behavior. Localized soft tissue sarcoma may be cured with complete tumor excision, but overall, outcomes are sub-optimal. Metastatic disease is associated with shortened survival. Systemic therapy has been studied for several decades as adjunctive therapy, but the use of adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. The heterogeneity of patients included in clinical trials, and of sarcoma in general, has made it difficult to draw conclusions about which patients with localized STS should be treated with chemotherapy. Over time, published outcomes for STS of the extremities have improved, and one of the factors that contributes to this improvement may be selection of patients most likely to benefit from the prescribed treatment. Recent studies of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy have recruited patients with the highest recurrence risk—those with large, high-grade, deep tumors. It is reasonable, in practice, to apply similar criteria in deciding whether to recommend treatment. Looking ahead, it will be important to refine our ability to identify patients at highest risk of recurrence, and to develop tools to predict which patients and tumors will respond to chemotherapy.
Detecting Low Self-Esteem in Youths from Web Search Data

Online behavior leaves a digital footprint that can be analyzed to reveal our cognitive and psychological state through time. Recognizing these subtle cues can help identify different aspects of mental health, such as low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. Google's web search engine, used daily by millions of people, logs every search query made by a user, which is accessible through a platform called Google Takeout. Previous researchers have made efforts to detect and predict behaviors associated with depression and anxiety from web data, but only at a population level. This paper fills in the gap of looking into signs of low self-esteem, a condition that work in a vicious cycle with depression and anxiety, at an individual level by looking into Google search history data. We target college students, a population prone to depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, and ask to take mental health assessment survey along with their individual search history. Textual analysis show that search logs contain strong signals that can identify individuals with current low self-esteem. For example, participants with low self-esteem have fewer searches pertaining to family, friend, and money attributes; and we also observed differences in the search category distribution, over time, when compared with individuals with moderate to high self-esteem. Using these markers we were able to build a probabilistic classifier that can identify low self-esteem conditions, based on search history, with an average F1 score of 0.86.
Transcriptional profiling of single fiber cells in a transgenic paradigm of an inherited childhood cataract reveals absence of molecular heterogeneity

Our recent single-cell transcriptomic analysis has demonstrated that heterogeneous transcriptional activity attends molecular transition from the nascent to terminally differentiated fiber cells in the developing mouse lens. To understand the role of transcriptional heterogeneity in terminal differentiation and the functional phenotype (transparency) of this tissue, here we present a single-cell analysis of the developing lens, in a transgenic paradigm of an inherited pathology, known as the lamellar cataract. Cataracts hinder transmission of light into the eye. Lamellar cataract is the most prevalent bilateral childhood cataract. In this disease of early infancy, initially, the opacities remain confined to a few fiber cells, thus presenting an opportunity to investigate early molecular events that lead to cataractogenesis. We used a previously established paradigm that faithfully recapitulates this disease in transgenic mice. About 500 single fiber cells, manually isolated from a 2-day-old transgenic lens were interrogated individually for the expression of all known 17 crystallins and 78 other relevant genes using a Biomark HD (Fluidigm). We find that fiber cells from spatially and developmentally discrete regions of the transgenic (cataract) lens show remarkable absence of the heterogeneity of gene expression. Importantly, the molecular variability of cortical fiber cells, the hallmark of the WT lens, is absent in the transgenic cataract, suggesting absence of specific cell-type(s). Interestingly, we find a repetitive pattern of gene activity in progressive states of differentiation in the transgenic lens. This molecular dysfunction portends pathology much before the physical manifestations of the disease.
The clinical management of factor XI deficiency in pregnant women.

Introduction Factor XI (FXI) deficiency is associated with highly variable bleeding, including excessive gynecologic and obstetrical bleeding. Since approximately 20% of FXI-deficient women will experience pregnancy-related bleeding, careful planning and knowledge of appropriate hemostatic management is pivotal for their care. Areas covered In this manuscript, authors present our current understanding of the role of FXI in hemostasis, the nature of the bleeding phenotype caused by its deficiency, and the impact of deficiency on obstetrical care. The authors searched PubMed with the terms, 'factor XI', 'factor XI deficiency', 'women', 'pregnancy', and 'obstetrics' to identify literature on these topics. Expectations of pregnancy-related complications in women with FXI deficiency, including antepartum, abortion-related, and postpartum bleeding, as well as bleeding associated with regional anesthesia are discussed. Recommendations for the care of these women are considered, including guidance for management of prophylactic care and acute bleeding. Expert commentary FXI deficiency results in a bleeding diathesis in some, but not all, patients, making treatment decisions and clinical management challenging. Currently available laboratory assays are not particularly useful for distinguishing patients with FXI deficiency who are prone to bleeding from those who are not. There is a need for alternative testing strategies to address this limitation.
The Black Locust Tree: Toxalbumin-Induced Tissue Necrosis of the Upper Extremity.

We present the case of a 48-year-old male who developed tissue necrosis and subsequent necrotizing fasciitis in his right upper extremity after sustaining a puncture injury from a large black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) splinter. Blood and intraoperative wound cultures revealed Streptococcus constellatus and Eikenella corrodens infection. The treatment consisted of IV antibiotics, fasciotomy, and multiple debridements, which left a 30 x 5-cm defect, requiring negative pressure wound therapy with Integra Dermal Regeneration Template (Integra Lifesciences, Plainsboro Township, NJ) and, ultimately, split-thickness skin grafts. Although uncommon, plastic surgeons should be aware of tissue necrosis associated with robin toxalbumin in cases of black locust tree puncture wounds. Robin toxalbumin causes cellular death by inhibiting protein synthesis. In this patient, the toxalbumin from the black locust tree fragment led to extensive tissue necrosis, serving as the nidus for necrotizing fasciitis.
A Novel ‘Starfish’ Flap for Syndactyly Release: Technique and Early Results

Background/Purpose: Multiple incisions and flaps have been designed for congenital syndactyly release. Despite advances in synthetic dermal substitutes, graftless surgery has been advocated to decrease scarring, surgical time, and perhaps improve cosmesis. Dorsal skin rearrangement is the most common technique to add vascularized flaps to the release. We describe a novel technique, using a ‘starfish’ dorsal commissure flap, which incorporates a z-plasty advancement of the lateral commissure leaving transverse scars over the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints along Langer’s lines. Methods: The ‘starfish’ flap presented here is designed with a dorsal star …
Social Networks Analysis to Retrieve Critical Comments on Online Platforms.

Social networks are rich source of data to analyze user habits in all aspects of life. User's behavior is decisive component of a health system in various countries. Promoting good behavior can improve the public health significantly. In this work, we develop a new model for social network analysis by using text analysis approach. We define each user reaction to global pandemic with analyzing his online behavior. Clustering a group of online users with similar habits, help to find how virus spread in different societies. Promoting the healthy life style in the high risk online users of social media have significant effect on public health and reducing the effect of global pandemic. In this work, we introduce a new approach to clustering habits based on user activities on social media in the time of pandemic and recommend a machine learning model to promote health in the online platforms.
Aneurysmal Dilatation of the Superficial Femoral Artery After Endovascular Intervention.

A patient with occlusion of the left superficial femoral artery (SFA) underwent endovascular intervention. Six-month follow-up angiography revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the previously stented artery. This finding may be a result of maladaptive vascular remodeling or arterial injury resulting in aneurysmal dilatation secondary to subintimal crossing, atherectomy, and paclitaxel therapies. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.).
U.S. Monetary Policy: A View from Macro Theory

We use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to address two questions about U.S. monetary policy: 1) Can monetary policy elevate output when it is below potential? and 2) Is the zero lower bound a trap? The model’s answer to the first question is yes it can, but the effect is only temporary and probably not welfare enhancing. The answer to the second question is more complicated because it depends on policy. It also depends on whether it is the inflation rate or the real interest rate that will adjust over the longer run if the policy rate is held near zero for an extended period. We use the Fisher equation to analyze possible outcomes for situations where the central bank has promised to keep the interest rate near zero for an extended period.
Elbow Pathology: Nontraumatic

In the absence of trauma, most disease processes encountered in the elbow are related to the soft tissues. MR imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis and characterization of multiple nontraumatic elbow pathologies, given its superior soft tissue contrast capability. As such, MR imaging also plays a vital role in subsequent management, leading to better clinical outcomes in many circumstances. This chapter discusses degenerative, inflammatory, and metabolic elbow arthropathies, benign and malignant elbow tumors, infectious and inflammatory conditions, as well as congenital elbow anomalies, with emphasis on MR imaging characteristics.
Fran: A Simulation Model of Free Recall

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses fran—a simulation model of free recall. The basic free recall experiment with which one will be concerned involves the presentation to a subject (S) of a list of words, one word at a time. After seeing all the words in the list, the S is asked to recall them in any order one chooses. The experimental paradigm derives its name from the fact that the S is not constrained to recall items in a particular order. The free recall paradigm has recently attracted much research interest because of evidence indicating the strong influence of various types of conceptual organization upon the S's recall. This chapter outlines how several different strategies could be implemented in terms of FRAN's mental mechanisms. The fact that these various strategies can be formulated in terms of FRAN's machinery supports the assertion that FRAN models the structures and processes underlying human memory in general.
Predicting customer address changes using transaction behavior patterns

Financial services companies are concerned with identifying when customers have moved because of customer service and marketing concerns. Knowing when customers have moved can create opportunities for these companies to better market their financial products and provide improved customer service. This paper focuses on identifying features of customers who have moved for the purpose of predicting customer address changes. The data consisted of transactional and event data from the customer databases of a large financial services company. The analysis involved supervised learning techniques that used information about whether a customer had changed their address in the system as a response variable. The information gained about the features that explain customer address changes was extrapolated to all customers under the assumption that customers that have moved undergo similar spending patterns regardless of whether they changed their address in the database or not. A logistic model found that a combination of various spending factors leads to an 85.6% increase in positive predictive value in predicting customer movement over the general population. The customers labeled by the model as having moved can be marketed to by the financial company to reach a higher percentage of moving customers, including those customers who did not change their address in the database when they moved.
An integrated assessment of productivity and efficiency impacts of information technology investments: Old data, new analysis and evidence

We reexamine the •Information Technology (IT) productivity paradox• from the standpoints of theoretical basis, measurement issues and potential inefficiency in IT management. Two key objectives are: (i) to develop an integrated microeconomic framework for IT productivity and efficiency assessment using developments in production economics, and (ii) to apply the framework to a dataset used in prior research with mixed results to obtain new evidence regarding IT contribution. Using a stochastic frontier with a production economics framework involving the behavioral assumptions of profit maximization and cost minimization, we obtain a unified basis to assess both productivity and efficiency impacts of IT investments. The integrated framework is applied to a manufacturing database spanning 1978–1984. While previous productivity research with this dataset found mixed results regarding the contribution from IT capital, we show the negative marginal contribution of IT found in an important prior study is attributable primarily to the choices of the IT deflator and modeling technique. Further, by ignoring the potential inefficiency in IT investment and management, studies that have reported positive results may have significantly underestimated the true contribution of IT. This positive impact of IT is consistent across multiple model specifications, estimation techniques and capitalization methods. The stochastic production frontier analysis shows that while there were significant technical, allocative and scale inefficiencies, the inefficiencies reduced with an increase in the IT intensity. Given that the organizational units in our sample increased their IT intensity during the time period covered by the study, management was taking a step in the right direction by increasing the IT share of capital inputs. Our results add to a small body of MIS literature which reports significant positive returns from IT investments.
Isolation and physical characterization of three essential conidiation genes from Aspergillus nidulans.

We cloned and characterized three genes from Aspergillusnidulans, designated brlA, abaA and wetA, whose activities are required to complete different stages of conidiophore development. Inactivation of these genes causes major abnormalities in conidiophore morphology and prevents expression of many unrelated, developmentally regulated genes, without affecting expression of nonregulated genes. The three genes code for poly(A)+RNAs that begin to accumulate at different times during conidiation. The brlA-and abaA-encoded RNAs accumulate specifically in cells of the conidiophore. The wetA-encoded RNA accumulates in mature conidia. Inactivation of the brlA gene prevents expression of the abaA and wetA genes, whereas inactivation of the abaA gene prevents expression of the wetA gene. Our results confirm genetic predictions as to the temporal and spatial patterns of expression of these genes and demonstrate that these patterns are specified at the level of RNA accumulation.
Training sequence size and vector quantizer performance

The authors examined vector quantizer performance as a function of training sequence size for tree-structured and full-search vector quantizers. The performance was measured by the mean-squared error between the input image and the quantizer output at a given bit rate. The training sequence size was measured either by the number of training images, or by the number of training vectors. When the training vectors were counted, they were selected randomly from among the training images. For every training sequence size, vector quantizers were developed from several different training sequences, and the distortion was calculated for different test sequences in a cross validation procedure. Preliminary results suggest that plots of distortion vs. number of training images follow an algebraic decay, as expected from analogous results of learning theory. >
Electron-like carriers in p-type superconductor La2−xSrxCuO4−δ: a joint transport, infrared and defect chemistry study

Abstract We investigate the contribution of electron-like carriers (or electrons) to the transport and infrared (IR) properties of high transition temperature (high T c ) cuprate superconductor La 2− x Sr x CuO 4− δ (LSCO). Data from the Hall effect, defect chemistry and IR spectroscopy are fitted to a two-band model. The result shows significant content of electron-like (n-type) carriers in LSCO. The relation between the electron concentration and superconductivity in p-type cuprates is discussed.
Associated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion in ovariectomized gilts.

Abstract The secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its temporal association with pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) was examined in ovariectomized prepuberal gilts. Push-pull cannulae (PPC) were implanted within the anterior pituitary gland and LHRH was quantified from 10 min (200 μl) perfusate samples. Serum LH concentrations were determined from jugular vein blood obtained at the midpoint of perfusate collection. Initial studies without collection of blood samples, indicated that LHRH secretion in the ovariectomized gilt was pulsatile with pulses comprised of one to three samples. However, most pulses were probably of rapid onset and short duration, since they comprised only one sample. Greater LHRH pulse amplitudes were associated with PPC locations within medial regions of the anterior pituitary close to the median eminence. In studies which involved blood collection, LH secretion was not affected by push-pull perfusion of the anterior pituitary gland in most gilts, however, adaptation of pigs to the sampling procedures was essential for prolonged sampling. There was a close temporal relationship between perfusate LHRH pulses and serum LH pulses with LHRH pulses occurring coincident or one sample preceding serum LH pulses. There were occasional LHRH pulses without LH pulses and LH pulses without detectable LHRH pulses. These results provide direct evidence that pulsatile LHRH secretion is associated with pulsatile LH secretion in ovariectomized gilts. In addition, PPC perfusion of the anterior pituitary is a viable procedure for assessing hypothalamic hypophyseal neurohormone relationships.
The projected inbound market trends of 12 tourist destinations in South-East Asia and the Pacific, 1997-2001

The purpose of this paper was to project international tourist arrivals in 12 major tourist destinations in South-East Asia and the Pacific to the year 2001. The SAS forecast autoregressive time series trend model was applied and 25 years (1970-94) of historical data was used to project international tourist flows in these destinations. The five years' projection (1997-2001) showed that tourist arrivals in the 12 destinations will increase from 69.9 million in 1997 to 104.6 million in the year 2001, with an overall growth rate of 49.6 per cent and an average annual growth rate of 10.6 per cent. The tremendons growth of international tourism in the region has been very much associated with intra-regional travel in the past. In the projected regional market share, intra-regional travel will still maintain its dominant position, increasing from 61 per cent of market share in 1997 to 63.5 per cent in 2001, followed by Europe, America, and Oceania. By the year 2001, Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, China, and S...
Larvae of air-breathing fishes as countercurrent flow devices in hypoxic environments

Larvae of the air-breathing teleost fish Monopterus are frequently exposed to periods of critical hypoxia, which they can survive because they have (i) dense capillary networks in the skin, (ii) a small blood-water barrier, (iii) an active pectoral fin mechanism that generates a posteriorly directed respiratory water current originating from the oxygen-rich surface layer, and (iv) a principal flow of blood that runs countercurrent to the water stream. Experimental data show that the larva as a whole is a functional analog of a fish gill lamella and that similar adaptive mechanisms are present in larvae of ancient fishes and some modern teleosts inhabiting permanently or periodically hypoxic waters.
On the Limiting Shape of Young Diagrams Associated with Inhomogeneous Random Words

The limiting shape of the random Young diagrams associated with an inhomogeneous random word is identified as a multidimensional Brownian functional. This functional is identical in law to the spectrum of a Gaussian random matrix. Since the length of the top row of the Young diagrams is also the length of the longest (weakly) increasing subsequence of the random word, the corresponding limiting law follows. The Poissonized word problem is also briefly studied, and the asymptotic behavior of the shape analyzed.
How heritability misleads about race

The Bell Curve revives and elaborates an argument given by Jensen to the effect that facts about heritability of IQ in whites dictate that blacks are genetically inferior in IQ. But clarification of the concept of heritability shows that this reasoning is fallacious. Heritability is an uninteresting measure that only misleads us about race.
Myths and Truths from Exercise Physiology

(2008). Myths and Truths from Exercise Physiology. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 79, No. 8, pp. 23-25.
A Flexural Method for Evaluation of Metal-Ceramic Bond Strengths:

A test technique is presented for evaluating metal-ceramic bond strengths. The test piece consists of a four-point loaded metal beam with porcelain bonded to the central tension side of the beam. The test produced failures at predictable locations and was able to differentiate between metal surface treatments.
Symposium: Professionalization and professionalism in public administration

The Symposium on Professionalization and Professionalism in Public Administration, contained in this volume of The International Journal of Public Administration, presents some of the most recent outlooks of prominent scholars and practitioners in the field. They have offered their research and insights into a subject of perennial importance. They have charted the significant progress being made in public administration toward its professional development. This collection of refereed articles is a survey updating the evolution of the field in this regard. Several features are noteworthy. First, the articles are arrayed from general to specific--that is, from theoretical presentations and overviews to case studies. Second, the case studies have been arranged from the federal level to sub-national jurisdictions. Third, the Symposium examines not only professional developments in public administration but also the mechanisms engendering and supporting such changes--namely, associations and formal higher educ...
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve as expo-exponential paradigm of asymmetric sigmoid function

Abstract From the assumption that the fractional increase of HbO2 as a function of pO2 is proportional to HbO2, and that the proportionality coefficient of that relation decreases exponentially with pO2, an equation can be derived that gives an excellent fit to the full range of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. To generate this asymmetric sigmoid curve, only one rate constant is required. In addition, the initial and final conditions specify an intermediate constant B, the “shift factor” that determines the horizontal displacement of the curve. The rate constant K specifies the rate of change of the specific rate of increase of HbO2 with respect to O2. Governing the slope of the curve, K decreases as temperature and acidity increase, while the B factor remains constant. For Hb in solution, B decreases with decrease of concentration, but K appears to be unchanged. The expo-exponential constants provide convenient specification of the full course and position of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve.
Femtosecond dynamics of photodetachment of the iodide anion in solution: resonant excitation into the charge-transfer-to-solvent state

Abstract The photodetachment of iodide ions in solution is probed via ultrafast spectroscopy with ∼50 fs time resolution. Excitation of I − is achieved with a single photon at 255 nm, populating the quasi-bound charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) state. The detached electron is trapped by the solvent within 200 fs. Electron–iodine recombination is observed to take place on ∼25 ps timescale, but a reasonable fraction of electrons escape geminate recombination beyond 400 ps. The dynamics of electrons generated from the I − CTTS state are compared with those arising from two-photon ionization of the neat solvents.
A family-based program of care for women with recurrent breast cancer and their family members.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the FOCUS Program (family involvement, optimistic attitude, coping effectiveness, uncertainty reduction, and symptom management), a family-based program of care for women with recurrent breast cancer and their family caregivers. DATA SOURCES Randomized clinical trial. SETTING Midwest region of the United States. DATA SYNTHESIS The family-based program of care consisted of five components: family involvement, optimistic attitude, coping effectiveness, uncertainty reduction, and symptom management. The program was delivered in three home visits and two follow-up phone calls over a five-month period of time. CONCLUSIONS Patients with recurrent breast cancer and their family members reported high satisfaction with the FOCUS Program. Although the FOCUS Program had a number of strengths, limitations of the program also were identified that need to be addressed in future family-based interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING A need exists for family-based programs of care that enable both patients and their family members to manage the multiple demands associated with recurrent breast cancer.
Usability tests refine requirements (abstract)

The traditional approach to developing a computer system is to gather requirements, write the specifications, code the programs, write the documentation, test, distribute, then wait for the accolades. Sometimes the accolades are long in coming. Sometimes they never come. People draw funny cartoons about how the system turns out differently form the basic requirements. These cartoons depict the historical struggle between users and programmers…between requirements and finished products. Why can't developers interpret requirements and build systems the users are really asking for? In an attempt to solve this problem, requirements-definition documents and programming specifications are routed back to the users to review. But, do they really review them?One way to improve the development process is to break from tradition and do usability testing in the design phase. Refine the requirements using the test results and the system will be a better match between desires and deliverables.A usability test is conducted in a controlled environment, often a human factors lab, with typical users doing sample tasks. Prototypes of the user interface are necessary, but not complete functional code. As testers perform their everyday tasks, observers record their impressions. These are analyzed and become recommendations back to the developers to include in the final product.For example, a test scenario may be designed to exercise the placement of the cursor on the display screen. How irritating to find a cursor on a protected field. You can't enter date in this field, so why have the cursor there? Did the requirements definition tell where to put the cursor? Probably not. Usually it specifies function without noting usability specifics. So how could the programmer know?Usability testing during the design phase is a good way to find out if the design will meet the users' needs. After all, that's what computer systems are all about.
Improvement in packet-reordering with limited re-sequencing buffers: An analysis

Packet reordering is a common, and an unavoidable network phenomenon. Recovery from reordering requires re-sequencing buffers, e.g., at transport or application layer at the end nodes. Input or output buffers are used in high-performance routers to mitigate reordering due to massive internal parallelism. Reordering caused by multi-path routing in sensor networks has to be dealt with at nodes with limited buffers. Yet, no formal techniques exist to analyze or predict the improvement in packet order achievable with limited re-sequencing buffers. A theoretical foundation for analysis of the impact on packet reordering under different re-sequencing buffer availabilities is presented. Analytical relationships for variation of Reorder Density (RD) and Reorder Buffer occupancy Density (RBD), two measures of packet reordering, are provided as packet streams pass through re-sequencing buffers. Simulations driven by Internet measurement traces are used to verify the analytical results. The model provides an overall perspective of the impact of re-sequencing buffers and allows for buffer allocation to meet bounds related to packet reordering.
The entire γ‐carboxyglutamic acid‐ and helical stack‐domains of human coagulation factor IX are required for optimal binding to its endothelial cell receptor

The minimal region of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain of human factor (f) IX that interacted with its putative bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) receptor was examined by chemical synthesis of peptides with sequence counterparts in this region of the protein, and assessment of their relative abilities to compete with fIX for receptor binding. We found that IC50 values (total peptide concentrations needed to achieve 50% inhibition of binding of [125I]-fIX to BAEC) were ca. 18 nM for unlabeled fIX and 23 nM for the peptide consisting of the entire Gla domain/helical stack (HS) region (residues 1-47) of fIX. The peptide containing only the Gla domain of fIX (residues 1-38) displayed an IC50 value of > 500 nM for this same competitive binding, whereas peptides containing sequences present in positions 1-14 and 1-24 of the Gla domain of human fIX did not significantly compete with [125I]-fIX for BAEC binding. We conclude that whereas a specific receptor recognition element is present within residues 1-14 of fIX, as has previously been concluded by others and by us, full expression of this epitope requires its presence within the entire Gla domain and HS for proper folding. All determinants for proper folding of fIX that lead to BAEC receptor binding appear to be present within these two domains.
Optical tuning of nematic liquid crystal claddings for chip scale photonic circuits

Civil and military avionics applications are growing at a rapid pace and in order to keep up with the recent advances in data communications offering high compute density, avionics system architects have been moving toward an integrated optical network using optical fibers and components to replace their electrical counterparts [1,2]. Compact, low weight, high bandwidth, low-power and cost-effective avionics are gaining momentum. The use of all-optical components offers advantages in terms of high data rate, immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) / Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), higher signal-to-noise ratio, lower bit error rate (BER), lower power consumption, and lower lifetime system cost as compared to traditional approaches. Recently, a reconfigurable chip-scale optical routing fabric using photonic crystal waveguides for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) was introduced [2], and optically controlled switching devices embodying carbon nanotubes combined with electro-active materials for fiber optic aircraft control systems were proposed [3].
38. Rumination, post-stress contemplation, and diurnal cortisol among mid-life adults

Rumination, or repetitive, past-oriented unwanted thinking, has been shown to be related to cortisol recovery after an experimental stressor. However, no one has investigated the role of ruminative tendencies on diurnal cortisol levels. This study explores the association between rumination, as well as post-stress contemplation (different from rumination because it includes positive musings regarding the stressor) and diurnal levels of salivary cortisol. Ninety-six healthy participants (59% female, 94% white, mean age 50) collected daily saliva samples (wake, wake +4 h, wake +9 h, wake +11 h) across 6 days. Post stress-rumination and contemplation were assessed 50 min after two separate administrations of a modified Trier Social Stress Test. Analyses examined relationships between mean cortisol levels across the 6 days and mean rumination and contemplation scores across the two stress visits, controlling for BMI, race and age. Amount of rumination was not associated with diurnal cortisol. However, those who reported negative contemplation showed decreased cortisol throughout the day (measured by AUC) compared to those that reported positive contemplations (p = .011). This association was largely driven by end of day cortisol measurements and was more pronounced in men than women. The fact that negative thoughts are associated with reduced diurnal cortisol is consistent with recent findings that after a stressor, negative affect attenuates the cortisol response (Het et al., 2012), suggesting that cortisol may be related to mood-buffering.
Teaching research to undergraduate engineers

A method for introducing undergraduates to graduate-level research in electrical engineering is presented. The three-phase, year-long program involves extension of analytical theory from core and elective courses to a specialized research problem, construction and validation of numerical simulation techniques, and conduct of the experiment, with emphasis on analysis of results.
Single bubble eruptions in gas fluidized beds

Abstract The motion of the solids thrown above the bed surface by single bubble eruptions was studied using a high speed video system. Data on the motion of the bubble and emulsion phases are presented as functions of bubble size, type of bed material, fluidizing velocity and bed depth. When plotted in dimensionless form, the trajectories of the tops of the bulge layer, bubble and wake can be condensed into three universal curves which represent the trajectories for these points for the entire range of bed materials, bubble sizes, fluidization velocities and bed depths tested. There appeared to be no significant effect of excess air, bubble size or bed depth on the dimensionless heights reached by the wake and bulge materials. In all cases the bulge material was ejected to a greater height above the bed than the wake.
BigBIRD: A large-scale 3D database of object instances

The state of the art in computer vision has rapidly advanced over the past decade largely aided by shared image datasets. However, most of these datasets tend to consist of assorted collections of images from the web that do not include 3D information or pose information. Furthermore, they target the problem of object category recognition—whereas solving the problem of object instance recognition might be sufficient for many robotic tasks. To address these issues, we present a highquality, large-scale dataset of 3D object instances, with accurate calibration information for every image. We anticipate that “solving” this dataset will effectively remove many perceptionrelated problems for mobile, sensing-based robots. The contributions of this work consist of: (1) BigBIRD, a dataset of 100 objects (and growing), composed of, for each object, 600 3D point clouds and 600 high-resolution (12 MP) images spanning all views, (2) a method for jointly calibrating a multi-camera system, (3) details of our data collection system, which collects all required data for a single object in under 6 minutes with minimal human effort, and (4) multiple software components (made available in open source), used to automate multi-sensor calibration and the data collection process. All code and data are available at http://rll.eecs.berkeley.edu/bigbird.
Developmentally ordered appearance of thymocytes expressing different T-cell antigen receptors

The T-cell repertoire is elaborated by a still poorly understood process during which precursor cells arising in the bone marrow seed the thymus to provide a starting point for intrathymic differentiation and selection. The products of the process are cells which express antigen receptors composed of either α/β or γ/δ heterodimers in association with CD3 (refs 1–3). The finding that the appearance of T-cell antigen receptor γ- and δ-gene rearrangements and transcripts precedes those of full-length β- and α-transcripts during ontogeny indicates that the process is ordered4–8, a conclusion supported by the fact that the appearance of thymocytes expressing CD3-associated γ/δ heterodimers precedes the appearance of those bearing α/β heterodimers9. The recent demonstrations that within the γ- and δ-loci there is ordered and sometimes transient rearrangement and expression of specific Vδ and Vγ gene segments during ontogeny7,8,10 raised the possibility that qualitative changes in the capacity of the differentiative process to generate components of the T-cell armamentarium might occur. We have produced a monoclonal antibody that detects an epitope of the Vγ3 gene product10, a gene segment expressed only in the early fetal thymus11. In this report we demonstrate that cells expressing Vγ3 are present transiently at the earliest stages of thymocyte development, preceding the appearance of cells bearing other γ/δ or α/β receptors. In the adult mouse, Vγ3 expression appears to be limited to Thy-1+ cells in the epidermis. These results suggest a profound programming and staging in elaboration of the components of the T-cell system during the early stages of thymocyte development in the embryo.
Stress-induced heat shock protein 70 expression in adrenal cortex : an adrenocorticotropic hormone-sensitive, age-dependent response

The induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) by cellular stress and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by physiologic stress are biological responses that aid in the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis, respectively. In this report, restraint stress, known to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, is shown to induce expression of HSP70 mRNA selectively in the adrenal cortex of the rat. Restraint-induced HSP70 expression in the adrenals is rapid and is preceded by the activation of a protein factor capable of binding to the heat shock transcriptional control element. The ability of restraint to induce HSP70 expression in the adrenal is virtually eliminated in hypophysectomized rats but can be restored by the exogenous administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The magnitude of this induction declines as a function of increasing age, which may contribute to a reduced stress tolerance by aged animals. These results support a role for HSP70 in the physiologic stress response mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
When Should We Use Intellectual Property Rights

The economic analysis of property rights proceeds in two steps. The first distinguishes rival from nonrival goods. The second contrasts the welfare effects of property rights for these two types of goods. For rival goods, strong property rights lead to efficient outcomes. For nonrival goods, property rights involve the trade-off formalized by William Nordhaus (1969): Weak property rights lead to under-provision. Strong property rights create monopoly distortions. Recent discussions of copyright protection for recorded music have obscured the underlying economic issues. Interested firms deny that music-sharing will reduce the incentives for firms to release new recordings. Artists and recording companies never acknowledge the efficiency costs of prices that far exceed marginal cost. It is left to economists with no stake in the outcome to clarify these issues. (Full disclosure: I have not consulted for anyone in the Napster case.) The stakes in the battle over the music business are small enough to get lost in rounding
Pride, prejudice, and transatlantic relations: The case of Woodrow Wilson reconsidered

Woodrow Wilson played a significant role in transatlantic relations during an enormously important time. In extending economic and military assistance to Great Britain and France during the First World War, Wilson helped provide for victory, and in articulating a peace program for the postwar world, he attracted considerable attention for his vision. What Wilson lacked, however, was an understanding of European conditions, and this article claims that his failure to appreciate the death and destruction that the war brought to Europe was a function of the president's highly selective understanding of America's own history.
Characteristics of firms correcting previously reported quarterly earnings

Abstract This paper analyzes economic characteristics of firms that correct previously reported quarterly earnings. The basic findings are that, relative to their industry, the sample (correcting) firms are smaller, less profitable, have higher debt, are slower growing, and face more serious uncertainties. Their average stock returns between the issuance of erroneous quarterly reports and their correction are negative. Also, correction disclosure frequently precedes SEC or stockholder suits against firm management. Results are consistent with predictions based on the economic interests of management and their auditors.