cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INI1 protein expression distinguishes atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor from choroid plexus carcinoma

Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) are rare, highly malignant tumors that predominantly arise in infants and young children. Overlapping clinical, histologic, ultrastructural, or immunophenotypic features may obscure the diagnosis in some cases. AT/RT is characterized by deletions and/or mutations of the INI1 tumor-suppressor gene on chromosome band 22q11.2. We have recently developed an INI1 immunohistochemical staining assay. Negative staining of tumor cells resulting from inactivation of the INI1 gene is a consistent feature of AT/RT. Mutations of INI1 in some CPCs have been reported. The purpose of the present study was to determine if immunohistochemical staining with an INI1 antibody would provide a sensitive means of distinguishing between CPC and AT/RT. We examined 28 tumors with a submitted diagnosis of CPC. Twenty-one CPCs showed retained expression of INI1 and seven tumors showed loss of INI1 expression. Cytogenetic, FISH, and/or INI1 mutation results were also available for 13 tumors. In three of the seven cases, monosomy 22 was the only cytogenetic abnormality, suggestive of AT/RT. However, monosomy 22 was also identified in 3 tumors with complex karyotypes that retained INI1 expression. The 7 tumors that were immunonegative for INI1 had features that were consistent with AT/RT. Immunostaining for INI1 protein is retained in the majority of CPC and is lost in AT/RT. This expression pattern seems to better define the 2 groups of tumors than does light or electron microscopy, routine immunohistochemistry, or cytogenetic analysis alone.
Topological photonics and its applications to microwave devices

In this talk, I will provide an overview of the field of topological photonics, with special emphasis on the photonic emulation of the canonical quantum topological phases such as the Hall, spin-Hall, and valley-Hall phases. I will then describe how such heterogeneous photonic topological phases can be integrated and used for developing novel devices such as compact circulators and delay lines. Experimental results demonstrating reflectionless transport of topologically protected edge states will be presented. I will also discuss how the ideas from topological photonics can be used for complete reimagining of the architectures of photonic devices such as add/drop filters and delay lines. Future directions towards bringing topological photonics to nanoscale will also be discussed.
Harry Potter in Guantanamo: Gothic War/Peace from Bush to Obama

This chapter focuses on how ideas of youth and peace have animated US foreign policy in relation to the War on Terror by tracing the evolution of news stories about the Guantanamo Bay detainees reading the Harry Potter books. The chapter draws on Foucault in showing how Guantanamo was discursively constructed as a fantasy of liberal peacebuilding. The rhetoric of the Bush Administration and its critics and the media commentary on young prisoners such as Omar Khadr show how the Guantanamo prisoners were rhetorically constructed as benignly disciplined subjects. These official stories reflected fears about domestic youth as well, including of the United States’ own soldiers, and concerns about generational transmission of values. Stories of popular culture are related to the discourses of world politics in complex ways. Pop culture and politics blend and fact and fiction are blurred in both.
Evaluating the Effect of Baquacil® and Sanosil® on Salmonella spp., in the Aquatic Habitat of the Red-Eared Slider Turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans

ABSTRACT Turtle-associated salmonellosis was first recognized as a public health concern in the 1960's, particularly due to an increase in the incidence of disease among children. In response to the public health threat, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented regulations in 1975 restricting the sale of turtles with a carapace length <10.2 cm. Since that time, the turtle industry has pursued research to eliminate Salmonella spp. Recent work has focused on identifying non-antibiotic products to reduce or eliminate Salmonella and reverse the FDA regulations. Baquacil® and Sanosil® are commercial non-antibiotic, antimicrobial products. Eighty-four red-eared slider turtle hatchlings, Trachemys scripta elegans, were used to evaluate the efficacy of these products as a method to suppress Salmonella spp., in the turtles' habitats. The turtles were maintained individually in plastic containers that contained chlorinated tap water, chlorinated tap water and 10, 50, or 100 ppm Sanosil®, or ...
Importance of a global scale approach to using regional models in the assessment of source-receptor relationships for mercury

Regional atmospheric models simulate their pertinent processes over a limited portion of the global atmosphere. This portion of the atmosphere can be a large fraction, as in the case of continental-scale modeling, or a small fraction, as in the case of urban-scale modeling. Regional modeling of any air pollutant requires that the meteorological and chemical conditions at the boundaries of the model domain be taken into account, especially if the pollutants are long-lived. It was once a common practice for the boundary concentrations of mercury and its reactants to be specified using time-constant values based on limited historical observation. These values were often invariant in the horizontal and vertical dimensions too. This relatively simple procedure for establishing boundary concentrations could be justified based on the previous notion that mer-cury was a rather inert and long-lasting air pollutant. However, with the subsequent discovery of rapid physical and chemical transformations of atmospheric mercury and significant concentra-tions of oxidized mercury far removed from known emission sources, the presumption of mer-cury as an inert substance has generally disappeared. The effect of intercontinental transport is now treated with greater concern in regional atmospheric mercury modeling. Global mercury models are now commonly used to define boundary values for regional mercury modeling. How-ever, the global and regional models must use consistent information for emissions, surface physiology and meteorology to achieve consistent simulation results and associated source-receptor relationships. There is certainly a need for international InstitutionalAuthorNameoration on field research and numerical model development to supply the tools needed for confident assessment of source-receptor relationships for mercury on both global and regional scales.
Interlayer adhesion and fracture resistance of polymers printed through melt extrusion additive manufacturing process

Abstract This study aims to establish the relationships between the process parameters, mesostructural features (interlayer neck and void sizes), and the fracture resistance of 3D printed parts. The proposed method enables the decoupling of bond quality and mesostructure effects on the overall fracture behavior. Double cantilever beam specimens of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were designed, printed, and fracture tested. The apparent fracture resistance (Jc,a), the interlayer fracture resistance (Jc,i), and the microstructure were characterized. The fracture results and the microscopic examinations indicate that Jc,a is strongly correlated with the process parameters through both the interlayer adhesion as well as the mesostructure. Nozzle and bed temperatures and layer height were found to have significant effects on the fracture behavior. For instance, the Jc,a increased by 38% with a 20 °C increase in the nozzle temperature. This originated from 15% increase in the interlayer fracture resistance and 23% increase in the actual fracture surface area (interlayer neck size). The quality of interlayer bond was explained in terms of temperature, pressure, and time of the process. This work quantifies the relationships between the printing process and the fracture behavior and provides novel tools and insights in the design and analysis of printed materials.
PORTFOLIO PREFERENCES ACROSS MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM MUTUAL FUND OWNERSHIP

This paper is about evaluating and comparing the portfolio preferences of domestic and foreign mutual funds in developed and emerging markets over the period 1998–2007. We find that foreign and domestic mutual funds have some different preferences toward firm characteristics and firms’ information environments, and economic development affects the preferences for both types of funds. A country’s characteristics and institutions also influence mutual fund investment decisions when fund managers form their portfolio holdings. Results further show that foreign and domestic mutual funds play a monitoring role in their portfolio firms, but foreign mutual funds cannot monitor firms effectively in emerging markets.
Timing of a single daily meal and diel variations of serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine and cortisol in goldfish Carassius auratus.

Two groups of goldfish were maintained on a 12L:12D photoperiod at 19°C and fed either at 0800 (light onset) or 1600 h daily. After 3 weeks, blood samples were taken at one of six times of day and the serum was analyzed for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Fish fed in the morning had significant diel variations in circulating titers of thyroxine and cortisol, those fed in the afternoon had significant variations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Meal feeding appeared to entrain, and phase shift, the cortisol rhythm but not the rhythms of thyroid hormones. These results are briefly discussed in light of the effects of timing the daily meal on weight gain in fish.
Entamoeba histolytica and Other Intestinal Protozoa. Pathogenesis and Immunology

Entamoeba histolytica provides a striking example of how the infliction of harm to its host is altogether counterproductive for the normal propagation of the parasite. Paradoxical as it may appear, people with amebic dysentery and an ulcerated colon are noninfective to others (except under special circumstances to be considered later). True enough, the feces of such a person swarm with amebae, highly motile and full of red blood cells and tissue debris. But such amebae die quickly in the external environment. Even if swallowed immediately by another person, or if fed to a susceptible animal, such as a dog or a kitten, they cannot establish infection since they are killed by the acidity of the stomach. Only the cysts can survive externally for some days in a moist environment at ordinary temperatures, and only the cysts are able to pass through the stomach without injury and to excyst in the intestine (see Chapter 2). For reasons that are not understood, no cysts are formed when there is active amebic disease of the colon. Similarly, the other main manifestation of amebic disease, abscess of the liver, again constitutes a blind alley for the parasite. Cysts are not formed, and even if formed they would have no outlet from the host. It is only in healthy carriers, when relatively smaller amebae live mainly as harmless commensals in the lumen of the colon, feeding largely on bacteria, that large numbers of the cysts essential to infection of other hosts are formed. Over a million cysts per gram of feces may be excreted daily by such a person. What triggers cyst formation remains one of the unsolved major problems in the biology of E. histolytica. As already noted (Chapter 8), in axenic culture encystation has never been induced. The only way to get cysts in vitro is still the method developed years ago by that pioneer protozoologist C. Dobell, requiring cultivation with bacteria without rice starch and the subsequent addition of rice starch. This experimental difficulty in obtaining cysts remains as a hindrance in work with animal models of amebiasis.
SAPIEN Valve Implantation in the Pulmonary Position

The introduction of transcatheter pulmonic valve replacement to the world of interventional structural and congenital cardiology has revolutionized the field. Although the Edwards SAPIEN valve was initially designed to be used as a transcatheter alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement, it has emerged as a strong candidate in the pulmonic position as well. In certain patient populations, this procedure is a safe and effective alternative to repeat open heart surgery. In this chapter, we review the history of the transcatheter pulmonic valve replacement procedure and the Edwards SAPIEN valve, as well as the potential patient population, necessary imaging, and step-by-step detail of the procedure itself.
Low-velocity Gunshot Injuries to the Femur: What Is the Utility of Stabilizing Incomplete Fractures?

INTRODUCTION Extremity involvement is common among nonfatal gunshot injuries. Most of these injuries are low energy in nature and may be associated with fractures. Although displaced fractures of lower extremity long bones are often treated surgically, the purpose of this study was to review our experience in managing incomplete femur fractures caused by gunshot penetration and to develop treatment recommendations. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical and radiographic data for 46 consecutive patients with incomplete femur fractures secondary to low-energy gunshot wounds. Fracture patterns included OTA/AO 31 (n = 7), 32 (n = 20), and 33 (n = 19). All fractures were nondisplaced and extra-articular. Type of treatment, clinical and radiographic healing, and related complications were recorded. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (70%) were managed nonsurgically with progressive weight bearing from toe touch to full weight bearing by 6 weeks of follow-up, whereas 14 patients (30%) underwent prophylactic fixation of the femur. No differences in treatment were seen based on age, body mass index, fracture pattern, or the presence of other fractures or systemic injuries. Two of the 32 patients (6.2%) treated nonsurgically for femoral shaft fractures fell subacutely after the original injury and displaced their fractures. Both underwent reduction and fixation. All other fractures maintained alignment until union. No infections or nonunions were seen. Among patients who underwent prophylactic fixation, two underwent removal of prominent implants after union. DISCUSSION Only 6% of incomplete femur fractures treated at our hospital required later surgery for fracture displacement. Although incomplete fractures occur infrequently, nonsurgical management with limited weight bearing seems to be successful and cost-effective for most patients. We propose initial nonsurgical management of nondisplaced femoral fractures secondary to cortical penetration from low-energy gunshot wounds.
An electron microscope study of the source and distribution of ferritin in hepatic parenchymal cells of the newborn rabbit.

Evidence that erythrocytes are phagocytized and dismantled by hepatic parenchymal cells in the newborn rabbit is presented. It is concluded that in these cells iron is recovered from disintegrating erythrocytes, synthesized into ferritin and released into the hepatic cell cytoplasm and into the biliary passages. These conclusions are based upon observations on the distribution of material giving the Prussian blue reaction in sections of liver as revealed by the light microscope and upon electron microscopic images of particles displaying the size, density and configuration of the ferritin molecule.
Mobile dreaming: oneiric subjectivities in the age of the smartphone

Emerging scientific models of dreaming posit that dreams are continuous with waking life and that they engage a (possibly functional) rehearsal of human sociality. This article supplements these models by bringing it into productive conversation with anthropologically informed approaches to subjectivity, intersubjectivity, and technicity, showing how oneiric ecologies and sociality are culturally and sociohistorically situated. Based on dreams collected from US college students that prominently figure the complex relationality of mobile media, this article argues moreover that dreams often index, question, and comment on otherwise hypocognized changes in the texture of everyday life. New models of dreaming, in other words, are greatly enriched by qualitative, ethnographically sensitive modes of analysis that move beyond ahistorical notions of the social and that reveal emergent, agentive, and culturally responsive subjectivities at work.
Logic Monolithic 3D ICs: PPA Benefits and EDA Tools Necessary

Monolithic 3D (M3D) ICs provide a way to achieve high performance and low power designs within the same technology node, thereby bypassing the need for transistor scaling. M3D ICs have multiple 2D tiers sequentially fabricated on top of each other and connected through Monolithic Inter-tier vias (MIVs) which go from the top metal of the bottom die to the top metal of the top die. MIVs go through the dielectric separation between tiers and the active layer of the top die. The traditional APR tools only support place and route optimization in 2D IC designs and thus cannot handle the M3D designs. This paper provides a survey of all the efforts done to implement commercial quality M3D ICs using 2D APR tools and the benefit of M3D ICs over traditional 2D ICs.
Non-target effects of soybean aphid, Aphis glycinces Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), management in Iowa

Since the arrival of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Iowa, insecticide usage has increased from fewer than 10,000 acres to as much as 3 million acres. In field experiments conducted over two years (2005 and 2006) three reduced-risk insecticides (imidacloprid, pymetrozine, and thiamethoxam) were compared to a broad-spectrum insecticide ( -cyhalothrin) and evaluated on three criterion; 1) effectiveness in reducing A. glycines populations, 2) yield protection, 3) and impact to natural enemies. In both 2005 and 2006, the foliar insecticide -cyhalothrin provided the greatest reduction in A. glycines exposure, and the greatest level of yield protection. The seed treatments imidacloprid and thiamethoxam provided the lowest level of A. glycines control and the lowest yield protection compared to the control. Pymetrozine and the foliar application of imidacloprid provided an intermediate level of protection both in terms of soybean exposure to A. glycines, and yield protection when compared to -cyhalothrin. Seed treatments had no observable effect on the abundance of natural enemies. All foliar applied insecticides resulted in a reduction of the abundance of natural enemies compared to the untreated control. Pymetrozine and the foliar application
Preoperative Predictors of Achieving Clinically Significant Athletic Functional Status After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement at Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose To identify predictors of achieving clinically significant sport function in athletic patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Methods Data were analyzed for all patients who treated for FAIS between 2012 to 2016 and reported being athletes, including recreational and competitive athletes. All patients had a minimum of 2-year follow-up with patient-reported athletic function in the form of the Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific (HOS-SS), visual analog score–pain, and patient satisfaction. Achieving clinically significant sports function was defined as either reaching the minimally clinical important difference (MCID) or the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for HOS-SS at 2-year follow-up. An exploratory factor analysis was used to determine specific domains for the predictor variables and to reduce the redundancy in these variables. A ogistic regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of achieving clinically significant sports function. Results Of 780 qualifying patients, 626 completed the 2-year minimum follow-up (80%), with a mean age and body mass index of 31.6 ± 11.9 years and 24.6 ± 8.6, respectively. A total of 500 patients (86.5%) achieved high functional status, with 77.9% achieving MCID HOS-SS and 68.7% achieving PASS HOS-SS. Logistic regression analysis identified increased the α angle (odds ratio [OR] 0.976; P = .027), preoperative pain duration (OR 0.729; P = .011), and body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.919; P = .018), as well as the presence of femoral chondral defects (OR 0.769; P = .013), as negative predictors for achieving MCID. Negative predictors for achieving PASS HOS-SS included the presence of a preoperative limp (OR 0.384; P = .013), anxiety or depression (OR 0.561; P = .041), and increased BMI (OR 0.945; P = .018) and preoperative pain duration (OR 0.987; P Conclusions Several predictors of achieving clinically significant sport function performance exist, including a history of anxiety or depression, BMI, preoperative α angle, limp, femoral chondral damage, *and preoperative symptom duration. Our results suggest there are both modifiable and nonmodifiable preoperative factors that have the potential to predict achieving high athletic function after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
Electronic cigarette survey characteristics

Electronic cigarettes (EC) remain a controversial topic with uncertainty about harm reduction in current smokers, their efficacy in smoking cessation, their potential for addiction, the need for re...
Viruserkrankungen der Leber

Das Virus der infektiosen Hepatitis und das Virus der Serumhepatitis fuhren zu ahnlichen Krankheitsbildern, stets wird die Leber befallen und die charakteristischen Symptome bestehen in Fieber, Schwindel, einem allgemeinen Krankheitsgefuhl sowie einer Gelbsucht.
Srsf3 mediates alternative RNA splicing downstream of PDGFRα signaling

Signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is critical for mammalian craniofacial development, though the mechanisms by which the activity of downstream intracellular effectors is regulated to mediate gene expression changes have not been defined. We find that the RNA-binding protein Srsf3 is phosphorylated at Akt consensus sites downstream of PI3K-mediated PDGFRα signaling in palatal mesenchyme cells, leading to its nuclear translocation. We further demonstrate that ablation of Srsf3 in the neural crest lineage leads to facial clefting due to defective cranial neural crest cell specification and survival. Finally, we show that Srsf3 regulates the alternative RNA splicing of transcripts encoding protein kinases in the facial process mesenchyme to negatively regulate PDGFRα signaling. Collectively, our findings reveal that PI3K/Akt-mediated PDGFRα signaling primarily modulates gene expression through alternative RNA splicing in the facial mesenchyme and identify Srsf3 as a critical regulator of craniofacial development.
A Heretical View of Teaching: A Contrarian Looks at Teaching, the Carnegie Report, and Best Practices

The author analyzes two reports that scrutinize law school pedagogy: the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Report, Educating Lawyers (2007); and Best Practices for Legal Education (2007). The author contends that the reports’ criticisms of Socratic dialogue are inaccurate, asserting that experiential learning does not teach analytical and synthesis skills or foster professionalism better than Socratic dialogue. Rather, many of the problems addressed by the reports are due to poor teaching – not flaws in the Socratic Method.
SPT6 promotes epidermal differentiation and blockade of an intestinal-like phenotype through control of transcriptional elongation

In adult tissue, stem and progenitor cells must tightly regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation to sustain homeostasis. How this exquisite balance is achieved is an area of active investigation. Here, we show that epidermal genes, including ~30% of induced differentiation genes already contain stalled Pol II at the promoters in epidermal stem and progenitor cells which is then released into productive transcription elongation upon differentiation. Central to this process are SPT6 and PAF1 which are necessary for the elongation of these differentiation genes. Upon SPT6 or PAF1 depletion there is a loss of human skin differentiation and stratification. Unexpectedly, loss of SPT6 also causes the spontaneous transdifferentiation of epidermal cells into an intestinal-like phenotype due to the stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate P63. Our findings suggest that control of transcription elongation through SPT6 plays a prominent role in adult somatic tissue differentiation and the inhibition of alternative cell fate choices.
From Clinic to Community: Adapting Evidence-Based Weight Management for Overweight Latinx Children to Better Address Social Determinants:

BackgroundThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends referral of all obese children to intensive weight management programs. When available, programs are limited to clinical settings and do...
Electron-lattice and electron-electron coupling in conjugated polymers: Minimum total-energy calculations on the Hubbard-Peierls Hamiltonian.

Minimum total energy calculations, which account for both electron--lattice and electron--electron interactions in conjugated polymers are performed for chains with up to eight carbon atoms. These calculations are motivated in part by recent experimental results on the spectroscopy of polyenes and conjugated polymers and shed light on the longstanding question of the relative importance of electron--lattice vs. electron--electron interactions in determining the properties of these systems.
Designing and Implementing a Skin Care Protocol for Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome to Decrease Rates of Diaper Dermatitis.

Background Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are at an increased risk for diaper dermatitis, which can cause skin breakdown and lead to significant pain and potential infection exposure. Skin care protocols in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting seldom specifically address the needs of this at-risk population, leading to inconsistent skin care management. Purpose The goal was to support a decrease in the rate of diaper dermatitis for infants with NAS by designing and implementing an evidence-based skin care protocol. Methods A retrospective medical record review was used to examine outcomes of 25 infants preintervention and 8 infants postintervention. The skin care protocol was a bundle of 5 evidence-based interventions: (1) a specific diaper dermatitis assessment tool; (2) frequent diaper changes with superabsorbent diapers; (3) application of petroleum jelly and alcohol-free wipes; (4) infant bathing in pH neutral soap; and (5) application of zinc oxide barrier cream for erythema. Results There was an overall 80.5% decrease in diaper dermatitis from pre- to postimplementation (P ≤ .01) as noted when comparing positive cases of diaper dermatitis with negative cases from pre- to postintervention. Implications for practice Expanding the skin care protocol to all neonates in the NICU and nursery could aid in maintaining skin integrity and decreasing diaper dermatitis in the NICU. More research is needed following this study for the data to be generalizable to other NICUs. This study offers key takeaways including using a specific diaper dermatitis assessment tool and consistently using the bundle of interventions.Video Abstract Available at:https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx?autoPlay=false&videoId=47.
Emotions in the Moral Life

1. Studying virtues 2. The roles of emotions: an overview 3. Emotions, perception, and moral judgment 4. Objections to the perception thesis 5. Emotional truth 6. Emotions and actions 7. Personal relationships 8. Emotions and happiness 9. Diversity and connection among the virtues.
An evidence management model for web services behavior

Web service choreographies, orchestrations and dynamically invoking web services are three kinds of sample compositions. These compositions create service interdependencies that can be misused for monetary or other gains. When a misuse is reported, investigators have to navigate through a collection of web-service or network logs to recreate suspected misuses. In order to facilitate this task, I propose creating forensic web services (FWS), specialized web services that, when used, would securely maintain transactional records between other web services. An independent agency can re-link these secure records residing in distributed FWS stations to reproduce the transactional history, and thereby substantiate or refute claims of misuse by providing supporting or refuting evidence. As multi-participant transactions migrate to web services, there is a potential for some of these parties to not fulfill their specified obligations or to work to achieve objectives contrary to those specified objectives. Preserving evidence of service behavior of all participating actors in complex web-based transactions can resolve such shortcomings. In order to achieve this, I propose a three-layered framework to preserve evidence of service behaviors in a non-refutable way. The lowest layer of my framework preserves transactional evidence of pair-wise participation using cryptographically secured FWS. The second layer uses this pair-wise evidence to derive evidence of complex interactions. The highest layer generates evidence of complex transactional behavior. Web service choreographies can be misused at multiple levels: namely exploiting their technical capabilities that I refer to as Service Misuses and using them to design complex illegal business schemes that I refer to as Business Misuses, such as Ponzi, pyramid, or money laundering schemes. One of the main problems with the latter kind of misuses is that they appear similar to a legal multi-stage business scheme to an external observer with a microscopic view; but in truth are macroscopically illegal. I define some of these schemes precisely and show how to produce evidence of them using cryptographically secure local message repositories. Such evidence would be helpful to financial fraud investigators, business arbiters, potential investors, and judicial actors. Detecting service or business misuses, in particular, over a set of evidence of observed web service interactions through a post-mortem investigation might disclose an extremely dramatic level of damage as is in the case of Ponzi schemes. Live detection of business misuses can assist a collection of services by alerting them to a spreading misuse that may target them or help in preventing service misuses. I abstract post-mortem detection queries for business and service misuses.
A Survey of Social Media Usage Integrating Daily Facebook Participation Time with In-Person Social Interaction among College Undergraduate Students

The initial stage of this academically-sanctioned research study gathered basic demographic information from a selected sample of university undergraduate students in an array of courses administered by faculty members and research members of this study. The stated questions elicited student responses in twenty-four aspects of the social networking spectrum involving student opinions, concerns, attitudes, practices, personal participation and usage parameters. The research model is based on the resulting relationship of the dependent variable, which is the frequency of Facebook usage, and the independent variables of religion/ethnicity, academic major, access device, and employment status. From these data, four null hypotheses were developed and tested. Usage hours were compared and correlated across the four independent variables. Conclusions were statistically derived, resulting in the retention of three null hypotheses, and the rejection of one null hypothesis. .
Use of PVFS for Efficient Execution of Jobs with Pipeline-Shared I/O

This paper is concerned with efficient execution of applications that are composed of chain of sequential data processes, which exchange data through a file system. We focus on pipeline-shared I/O behavior within a single pipeline of processes running on a cluster. We examine several scheduling strategies and experimentally evaluate them for efficient use the parallel virtual file system (PVFS) as a common storage pool.
Global Integration of Brands and New Product Development at General Motors

The rapidly globalizing marketplace reflects environmental characteristics requiring the development of unique capabilities that enable the firm to create competitive advantages. Correspondingly, this study addresses challenges faced by managers in a large company with a broad global footprint as it integrates the product development process and the portfolio of brands across geographic markets. In a global organization, the unique dynamic capabilities that need to be developed include a global orientation, global market knowledge competencies, and global coordination. The present study considers these capabilities with respect to process, position, and evolutionary history of the firm and its brands. Qualitative research methodology is employed to explore the phenomenon of moving products and brands from multidomestic to global. The findings indicate the structure of a global brand portfolio evolves through complex interactions among new product development, marketing, and brand management. Overall, the organization’s current positions and past history form the basis of the ways routines, practices, and means of learning are combined and coordinated to implement product decisions that support brand objectives. A Note from the Authors Since this paper was accepted, and prior to publication, General Motors filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States. It then emerged from bankruptcy with a great deal of aid from the American government. There are important considerations that arise from this circumstance, some of which have relevance to the future of the intersection of branding and product development in this company. However, these future considerations are secondary to the study presented in this paper for a number of reasons. First, academic study is meant to focus on a particular phenomenon observed at a given point in time— effectively transcending time by describing and explaining the occurrence. Although things have changed, it does not negate the qualitative data that were reflective of the situation at the moment in time they were collected or the subsequent analysis. The principles are still relevant. The qualitative study transcends time by contextualizing the phenomenon and highlighting the factors that explain the features described, enabling comparison with and grounding for discussion of similar or related phenomenon in other contexts (including other times). Also, while the firm’s performance, especially in the North American market, caused it to be unable to cope with the environmental shock of the global financial meltdown in 2008, poor firm performance is not a reason to dismiss academic research related to a particular subject—in this case, a firm. Selecting on the outcome would result in a restriction of variance that would not allow us to derive valid insights— essentially, if we study companies that only fail or companies that only succeed, we don’t know what happened to firms that pursued the exact same policies but had different outcomes.
Enhanced Sensitivity to anti-Benzo(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide DNA Damage Correlates with Decreased Global Genomic Repair Attributable to Abrogated p53 Function in Human Cells

DNA damage from exposure to environmental chemical carcinogens and failure of repair systems to eliminate these lesions from the genome are considered as the crucial initial steps in the development of various human malignancies. Many cellular proteins are known to play vital roles to overcome the effects of DNA damage. Among such proteins, p53 is known to respond to DNA damage by accumulating in the nucleus and inhibiting cell cycle progression to facilitate DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. In this study, we have investigated the role of p53 protein in modulating nucleotide excision repair of anti-benzo-(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts and related effects using human fibroblasts with normal (p53-WT) and altered p53 protein (p53Mut and p53-Null). Interestingly, irrespective of the presence or absence of p53, the anti-BPDE dose-dependent p21 protein induction response was qualitatively comparable in all of the three cell lines. However, cells with defective p53 function were deficient for the removal of anti-BPDE-DNA adducts from the overall genome compared to cells with wild-type p53 activity. Strand-specific repair analysis within the individual strands of the p53 gene revealed decreased repair of adducts from the nontranscribed strand in p53-Mut and p53-Null cells. However, the repair of the transcribed strand appeared to be identical in all of the three cell lines. Furthermore, p53-Mut and p53-Null cells were more sensitive than p53-WT cells and displayed increased levels of anti-BPDE-induced apoptosis. Thus, wild-type p53 is required for the efficient global genomic repair of anti-BPDE-induced DNA adducts from the overall genome, but not for transcription-coupled repair of actively transcribed genes. These findings indicate that inefficient DNA repair of potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic lesions from the nontranscribed strand due to the loss of p53, but not the loss of p21, function might be responsible for enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human cells upon DNA damage.
Decentralized Model Reference Adaptive Control of Robotic Manipulators

This paper presents a class of decentralized adaptive control schemes based on a model reference approach for a multi-jointed robotic manipulator. An integrated model for the combined dynamics of the manipulator and the joint actuators is developed which provides an ideal framework for the design of decentralized controllers. The adaptive control schemes obtained consist of an on-line recursive estimation of model parameters which are then used to compute the feedback controller gains. To account for the dynamic coupling that exists between the joint motions appropriate feedforward compensation signals are used. Simulation results performed on a VAX 11/780 computer have demonstrated the tracking performance of the adaptive controllers and have illustrated the important connections that exist between the representation of joint motion coupling effects and the controller performance under different tasks and demanded motions. Major strong points of the present schemes are: (i) possibility of implementation by distributed processing techniques and to meet independent joint control objectives, (ii) insensitivity to drift in motor parameters and (iii) possibility of making appropriate selection of control schemes based on specific representations of joint coupling effects and demanded motion characteristics to realize improved performance.
Wavelet subband coding of computer simulation output using the A++ array class library

Summary form only given. The work focuses on developing discrete wavelet transform/scalar quantization data compression software that can be ported easily between different hardware environments. This is an extremely important consideration given the great profusion of different high-performance computing architectures available, the high cost associated with learning how to map algorithms effectively onto a new architecture, and the rapid rate of evolution in the world of high-performance computing. The approach is to use the A++/P++ array class library, a C++ software library originally designed for adaptive mesh PDE algorithms. Using a C++ class library has the advantage of allowing to write the scientific algorithm in a high-level, platform-independent syntax; the machine-dependent optimization is hidden in low-level definitions of the library objects. Thus, the high-level code can be ported between different architectures with no rewriting of source code once the machine-dependent layers have been compiled. In particular, while "A++" refers to a serial library, the same source code can be linked to "P++" libraries, which contain platform-dependent parallelized code. The paper compares the overhead incurred in using A++ library operations with a serial implementation (written in C) when compressing the output of a global ocean circulation model running at the Los Alamos Advanced Computing Lab.
Antibiotic prophylaxis and risk of Clostridium difficile infection after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Abstract Objective Antibiotic use, particularly type and duration, is a crucial modifiable risk factor for Clostridium difficile . Cardiac surgery is of particular interest because prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for 48 hours or less (vs ≤24 hours for noncardiac surgery), with increasing vancomycin use. We aimed to study associations between antibiotic prophylaxis (duration/vancomycin use) and C difficile among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods We extracted data on coronary artery bypass grafting procedures from the national Premier Perspective claims database (2006-2013, n = 154,200, 233 hospitals). Multilevel multivariable logistic regressions measured associations between (1) duration ( C difficile as outcome. Results Overall C difficile prevalence was 0.21% (n = 329). Most patients (59.7%) received a cephalosporin only; in 33.1% vancomycin was added, whereas 7.2% received vancomycin only. Extended prophylaxis was used in 20.9%. In adjusted analyses, extended prophylaxis (vs standard) was associated with significantly increased C difficile risk (odds ratio, 1.43; confidence interval, 1.07-1.92), whereas no significant associations existed for vancomycin use as adjuvant or primary prophylactic compared with the use of cephalosporins (odds ratio, 1.21; confidence interval, 0.92-1.60, and odds ratio, 1.39; confidence interval, 0.94-2.05, respectively). Substantial inter-hospital variation exists in the percentage of extended antibiotic prophylaxis (interquartile range, 2.5-35.7), use of adjuvant vancomycin (interquartile range, 4.2-61.1), and vancomycin alone (interquartile range, 2.3-10.4). Conclusions Although extended use of antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with increased C difficile risk after coronary artery bypass grafting, vancomycin use was not. The observed hospital variation in antibiotic prophylaxis practices suggests great potential for efforts aimed at standardizing practices that subsequently could reduce C difficile risk.
Nano-pattern Profile Control Technology using Reactive Ion Etching for 100 GB Optical Disc Mastering

For high-density patterning, we tried to control the nano-pattern profile using a reactive ion etching technology. Line edge roughness could be improved and the line width fluctuation 7 nm could be realized.
Rodney Benson, Shaping Immigration News: A French-American Comparison

In an article that appeared in this journal last year, Frank Esser observed “the gradual emergence of comparative communications as a recognized subdiscipline, comparable to comparative politics in political science” (2013, p. 114). The contours of this subdiscipline are still taking shape as other communication subdisciplines—for example, media sociology, global media studies, critical and cultural studies, and the like—have fashioned their own comparativist research projects. In his newest book, Shaping Immigration News, Rodney Benson offers a comparison of French and U.S. immigration news that is modest in the scope of its analysis but ambitious, and even exemplary, in demonstrating what comparative communications is capable of methodologically.
The meaning in life for patients recently hospitalized with congestive heart failure

AbstractPurpose:Quality of life (QOL) is based on individual values and is identified by what each person believes it to be. To provide patient centered care, practitioners must have an understanding of what each individual identifies as important in their lives. The purpose of this study was to ide
Flare Energy Release: Observational Consequences and Signatures

It is generally accepted, but not yet compellingly demonstrated, that the energy released in solar flares is stored in stressed magnetic fields. Little is known, at present, about how the most obvious manifestations of flare energy release - heating, mass motion, magnetic field reconfiguration and particle acceleration - are related to the spatial distribution of free energy within those fields. To address this issue we have underway at Mees Solar Observatory a programme of simultaneous polarimetric and spectroscopic observations that allow us to explore the spatial relation between active region currents, flare particle acceleration and flare heating. In this paper we discuss several days observations of two flare-productive active regions. By using the Haleakala Stokes polarimeter, we observed the spatial distribution of the Stokes profiles of two photospheric Fe$^{\text{I}}$ lines, from which we inferred the spatial distribution of the vector magnetic field and the vertical current density. In flares that were observed on the same days, we then compared the locations of vertical currents to the sites of non-thermal electron precipitation and high coronal pressure inferred from H$\alpha $ line profiles and spectroheliograms obtained with the Mees charge coupled device imaging spectrograph. Without exception we found that the sites of significant energetic electron precipitation into the chromosphere were at the edges of regions of vertical current, not within them. In contrast, we found that the footpoints of high-pressure flare plasmas during the main phase of the observed flares all coincided very well with such currents.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor. Though gener ally not aggressive this malignancy will ultimately be fatal unless resected. Surgical resection is possible when the tumor is...
Time Required for Improvement of an Analgesic Rebound Headache

There is typically delayed improvement in analgesic rebound headache after the offending agents have been discontinued. This case history documents that, at times, it might be necessary to omit medications for 6 months until the almost daily headaches cease.
Determination of picogram quantities of zinc in zinc metalloproteins by atomic absorption spectrometry using a graphite furnace atomizer.

Abstract Optimum operating conditions have been determined for the atomization of zinc from metalloproteins in a graphite furnace. Addition of 50 m m ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to to protein and measurement of the integrated absorbance suppresses or eliminates matrix interference effects. Using a 5-μl sample both the sensitivity and the detection limit are 0.3 ng of Zn/ml, i.e., 1.5 pg of zinc on an absolute basis. For 10 ng/ml of zinc in 5-μl samples of a zinc metalloenzyme, the coefficient of variation is 1.5%. Accuracy has been established by analysis of zinc metalloenzymes of known zinc stoichiometry. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of zinc in several proteins for which zinc stoichiometry had been unknown.