cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ipsilateral fractures of the scaphoid and radius

From 1985 to 1990, six patients were treated for ipsilateral fractures of the scaphoid and radius. All these injuries resulted from falls from a substantial height, with multiple injuries occurring in all patients. Two of the patients had minimally displaced fractures (1.0 mm), whereas the other four patients had moderately displaced scaphoid fractures (2.0 mm). The treatment for fracture of the distal radius was dependent on the fracture type, but all the scaphoid fractures were treated with internal fixation. All the fractures united, with the radial fractures healing in 6 weeks and the scaphoid fractures healing in an average of 13 weeks. The follow-up time averaged 2.9 years (range, 1.0 to 4.6 years). Internal fixation of the scaphoid in these combined injuries allowed for earlier and more aggressive therapy to maximize wrist and forearm motion.
Abstract LB-9: Cyclooxygenase-2/15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase derived endogenous canonical NF-κB inhibitors

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL In colon, breast, and lung cancers, up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and down-regulation of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) has been hypothesized to lead to a pro-proliferative, angiogenic, and chronically inflamed state. Prostaglandin E2 has been thought to drive the feed forward aspect of this pathology; however, other endogenous lipids may be involved in this process. COXs also mediate the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which can then be further oxidized by dehydrogenases to the corresponding keto-products. We have previously established that 11-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (oxo-ETE) is a major COX-2/15-PGDH derived metabolites formed from human cells expressing COX-2 treated with AA. 11-oxo-ETE has been identified from human isolates yet currently has no known receptors or known physiologic function. Earlier studies had indicated that molecules possessing a similar α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety may act as canonical Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the signaling of this novel COX-2/15-PGDH-derived eicosanoid. The stability and uptake of 11-oxo-ETE into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was quantified with stable isotope dilution chiral liquid chromatography coupled with electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical-ionization/mass spectrometry. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced NF-κB p50/p65 subunit nuclear translocation and consensus DNA binding was reduced by pre-incubation with 11-oxo-ETE. Dosage and reduction in NF-κB were consistent with the levels for the prostaglandin analog 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Using a HEK293 line stably expressing a firefly luciferase reporter driven by a 5x-NF-κB consensus sequence repeat, 11-oxo-ETE and its methyl ester were shown to significantly inhibit NF-kB signaling induced by TNF-α treatment. Ethacrynic acid (EA) was used in an additional experiment to inhibit cellular glutathione-S-transferases, and this increased the ability of 11-oxo-ETE to inhibit NF-κB signaling in the reporter assay. In vitro biochemical studies also revealed inhibition of the activating kinase Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase subunit β (≥KKβ) by 11-oxo-ETE. In summary, the present study has established that the COX-2/15-PGDH derived 11-oxo-ETE can enter target endothelial cells and inhibit NF-κB p50/p65 mediated signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-9. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-9
Processing Of Infrared Images By Multiple Microcomputer System

The processing of digitized infrared images in real time requires more processing power than usually provided by a single sequential processor. A system of tightly-coupled 16 bit microcomputers (INTEL 8612) is being developed to provide the needed computational capa-city. This paper first describes an image processing program for detection of moving targets in infrared images. It then describes how several microcomputers on a system bus form a cluster and how a complete star bus switch network permits memory references between clusters. The operating system allocates code and data segments to memory in order to minimize bus contention. Several computational processes are multiprogrammed on each microcomputer. Criteria for partitioning the algorithms into explicit processes and segments is discussed.
Identification of broadly reactive continuous antigenic determinants of simian immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins.

The env polyprotein sequences of several simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates were analyzed using computer algorithms designed to predict immunologically reactive protein segments. Peptides corresponding to predicted epitopes were synthesized and employed in peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) screening of serum panels from experimentally infected macaques, as well as naturally infected, asymptomatic mangabeys and African green monkeys. Several of the peptides are recognized by a high percentage of antisera from each panel of monkeys indicating that they represent group-specific antigenic determinants of SIV. Several type-specific determinants also were identified. These peptides may be a useful tool for studying the kinetics of SIV glycoprotein-specific immune responses produced by infected and vaccine-protected monkeys at the epitope level.
Hydrogenation enthalpimetry. I. Microcomputer assisted calibration and data-acquisition

A calorimetric device is described which permits enthalpimetric determination of unsaturated hydrocarbons through the enthalpy change for their catalytic hydrogenation. Samples with weights from < 1 to about 20 mg can be analysed with a mean error of about 2%. The method makes extensive use of digital electronics and is well suited to routine automated determination of unsaturation. The principal drawback is lack of specificity.
Analysis of a multiphasic radiographic examination for detecting reflux esophagitis.

Radiographic and endoscopic findings were correlated in 46 normal patients and in 49 with reflux esophagitis to assess the efficacy of a multiphasic examination employing mucosal relief, full-column, and double-contrast techniques. Esophagitis was graded endoscopically as mild, moderate, or severe, and the quality and sensitivity of each technique and of the examination as a whole were determined. The radiographic specificity in the normal patients was 98%. The overall sensitivity was 65% for all grades of esophagitis, and 90% for the moderate and severe grades. Sensitivities of the individual techniques were: mucosal relief: 43%; full-column: 53%; double-contrast: 45%. These differences were not statistically significant. We conclude that a combination of radiographie techniques is needed to detect reflux esophagitis optimally.
Transesterification thio effects of phosphate diesters: free energy barriers and kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects from density-functional theory.

Primary and secondary kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects are calculated with density-functional methods for the in-line dianionic methanolysis of the native (unsubstituted) and thio-substituted cyclic phosphates. These reactions represent reverse reaction models for RNA transesterification under alkaline conditions. The effect of solvent is treated with explicit (single and double) water molecules and self-consistently with an implicit (continuum) solvation model. Singly substituted reactions at the nonbridging OP1 position and bridging O2‘, O3‘, and O5‘ positions and a doubly substituted reaction at the OP1 and OP2 positions were considered. Aqueous free energy barriers are calculated, and the structures and bond orders of the rate-controlling transition states are characterized. The results are consistent with available experimental data and provide useful information for the interpretation of measured isotope and thio effects used to probe mechanism in phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by en...
Pouring and running a protein gel by reusing commercial cassettes.

The evaluation of proteins using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis is a common technique used by biochemistry and molecular biology researchers1-4. For laboratories that perform daily analyses of proteins, the cost of commercially available polyacrylamide gels (˜$10/gel) can be considerable over time. To mitigate this cost, some researchers prepare their own polyacrylamide gels. Traditional methods of pouring these gels typically utilize specialized equipment and glass gel plates that can be expensive and preclude pouring many gels and storing them for future use. Furthermore, handling of glass plates during cleaning or gel pouring can result in accidental breakage creating a safety hazard, which may preclude their use in undergraduate laboratory classes. Our protocol demonstrates how to pour multiple protein gels simultaneously by recycling Invitrogen Nupage Novex minigel cassettes, and inexpensive materials purchased at a home improvement store. This economical and streamlined method includes a way to store the gels at 4°C for a few weeks. By re-using the plastic gel cassettes from commercially available gels, labs that run frequent protein gels can save significant costs and help the environment. In addition, plastic gel cassettes are extremely resistant to breakage, which makes them ideal for undergraduate laboratory classrooms.
On-Line Determination of Reaction Completion in a Closed-Loop Hydrogenator Using NIR Spectroscopy:

An on-line near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method has been developed to determine in situ the endpoint of a bulk pharmaceutical hydrogenation reaction in a loop hydrogenator. This hydrogenation employs a 5% palladium-on-carbon catalyst with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the reaction solvent. The traditional test for monitoring the endpoint of the hydrogenation is a gas chromatographic procedure that requires an estimated 60 min from the time a sample is taken to the point where the analysis results become available. The use of NIR spectroscopy in an on-line mode of operation allows spectra to be collected every 2 min and thereby significantly improves response time and result availability. The need for obtaining results in ''real time'' stems from the creation of undesired side products if the reaction is allowed to continue past the optimal endpoint. If the reaction is not stopped before these side products reach a level of approximately 0.8% (wt/wt), the batch requires additional purification at considerable time and cost. A partial least-squares model was constructed, validated, and successfully used to determine the endpoint of subsequent batches.
Exterminator-mites (Acari: Dermanyssidae) on the giant Madagascar hissing-cockroach

Abstract Predation on immature stages of cockroach parasites by adult female hissing-cockroach mites, Gromphadorholaelaps schaeferi (Till), was observed in isolation vials and on actual adult cockroaches, implying that mites benefit the host cockroach by acting as exterminators. Of interest is that effective extermination is linked to this mite's life history pattern and genetic system, and their occurrence as the sole mite species on the cockroach is based on heterochrony. Preliminary results suggest that mites do not benefit the cockroach by acting as fungivores. Until now it was thought that mites benefited only from this partnership (cockroach saliva=mite food). This study is the first to report that mites benefit the hissing-cockroach.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of probable impact melt from three large lunar highland craters

Near IR terrestrial telescope data are used to compare the composition of small areas in three large lunar highland craters, whose walls and central peaks yield spectra indicative of crystalline components encompassing olivine, two types of pyroxene, and occasionally Fe-bearing feldspar. Spectra from other crater wall and floor areas suspected of being impact melt deposits yield similar yet anomalous features which are interpreted as indications of pyroxene, Fe-bearing glass, and Fe-bearing feldspar.
Core Competencies for Electronic Resource Access Services

Managing and supporting electronic resources are important library service functions that continue to increase in both complexity and scope. The author examined and analyzed electronic resource access problems reported through the virtual reference system in a large academic library system to determine core competencies, that is, the specific skill sets, based on data and practical experience, which account for ongoing success in providing this type of access support service. Since the library-specific organizational context is a medical library, these competencies are mapped to professional competencies delineated by the Medical Library Association. Suggestions for staff training to build access support services are offered.
Visual equivalence: towards a new standard for image fidelity

Efficient, realistic rendering of complex scenes is one of the grand challenges in computer graphics. Perceptually based rendering addresses this challenge by taking advantage of the limits of human vision. However, existing methods, based on predicting visible image differences, are too conservative because some kinds of image differences do not matter to human observers. In this paper, we introduce the concept of visual equivalence, a new standard for image fidelity in graphics. Images are visually equivalent if they convey the same impressions of scene appearance, even if they are visibly different. To understand this phenomenon, we conduct a series of experiments that explore how object geometry, material, and illumination interact to provide information about appearance, and we characterize how two kinds of transformations on illumination maps (blurring and warping) affect these appearance attributes. We then derive visual equivalence predictors (VEPs): metrics for predicting when images rendered with transformed illumination maps will be visually equivalent to images rendered with reference maps. We also run a confirmatory study to validate the effectiveness of these VEPs for general scenes. Finally, we show how VEPs can be used to improve the efficiency of two rendering algorithms: Light-cuts and precomputed radiance transfer. This work represents some promising first steps towards developing perceptual metrics based on higher order aspects of visual coding.
Materials removal and energy dissipation during sawing of polycarbonate and glass

Abstract A series of experiments on sawing plastic (PC) and glass (TaFD5) samples was conducted to verify the validity of the French–Preston law and also to study the environmental (air, water, decanol and cyclohexanol) effects on the sawing energy. Linear relations between cutting rate and sawing power were found using any liquid coolant, as predicted by the French–Preston law. The normal load and tangential force in sawing had a linear relation, as suggested by the law of kinetic friction, independent of speed or temperature in the ranges studied. However, air is not a good coolant for sawing PC although it is good for sawing glass. By blowing air on the PC sample at the cutting interface and extrapolating to infinite air pressure, the French–Preston law was found to be obeyed. Using a coolant in sawing may cause extra energy dissipation, namely, the energy required to shear the fluid. The investigation shows that the extra energy dissipation is proportional to the viscosity of the coolant so the sawing power required for PC was in the order of air, water, decanol and cyclohexanol. However, for sawing glass the cutting efficiency (cutting rate per sawing power) is the highest in decanol, next in water and the lowest in air, just the opposite to the case of sawing PC. In order to understand the difference between PC and glass the fracture toughness of TaFD5 was measured by the indentation method and the lowest fracture toughness was found in decanol, next in water and the highest in air based on the lengths of indentation cracks. So it appears that the material removal rate increases with decreasing of fracture toughness, but not exactly inversely proportional to it, as proposed by Buijs and Houten. Since the glass removal rate is strongly dependent on the fracture toughness, it suggests that sawing of glass takes place by a process of microscopic fracture. On the other hand, the mechanism for sawing PC appears to be plastic deformation or ductile tearing.
Antimicrobial pterocarpans of nigerian Erythrina mildbraedii

Abstract Bioassay-directed fractionation of ethanolic extracts of the roots of Erythrina mildbraedii , a plant used in the indigenous system of medicine in Nigeria, resulted in the isolation of the previously known pterocarpans erythrabyssin-II and isoneorautenol and the new pterocarpans erybraedins A, B, and C. The structures of the new compounds were determined by chemical transformations and/or spectroscopy and their in vitro antimicrobial spectra and potencies are reported.
Treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes--an update.

Treatment of hypertension in patients with diabetes—an update George L. Bakris, MD* and James R. Sowers, MD, on behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group Hypertensive Diseases and Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; and The Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine and VA Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE PAEONILACTONES A, B AND C

The first total syntheses of the title monoterpenes are reported. Boot extracts from plants of the paeony family have been used extensively in Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine for treatment of a variety of painful afflictions’ including use in an analgesic Salve for soothing muscle pain.2 Anecdotal evidence of analgesic activity in these extracts has prompted Japanese workers to examine the paeony species Paeonia Albiflora PALLAS var. tricbocarpa BUNGE for pharmacologically active components and has led recently to the isolation of the novel tricyclic monoterpene paeoniflorigenone, 1 ,3 and the structurally related bicycfic systems, the paeonliactones -A (2) -B (3) and -C(4).4 Pharmacological studies have established that 1 produces a blocking effect on the neuromuscular juction in phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations from mice,2 while 4 suppresses both directly and indirectly stimulated muscle twitching of sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparations from frogs5 Similar in structure to 1, 7R-paeonimetaboline-I, 5, a metabolite isolated’ from bacterial digestion of paeony extracts, inhibits penetetraxoleand pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in rats7 The interesting anesthetic-like activity of these materials and the unusually high density of stereocenters and oxygencontaining functional groups on their central cyclohexane nuclei makes them challenging targets for synthesis. Herein, we report the first progress made in the synthesis of this monoterpene family with our stereoselectffe syntheses of the paeonilactones -A (2) -B (3) and C (4).
Enzymatic and Color Changes During Post-harvest Storage of Lychee Fruit

Hunter color dimension scores were related to loss of red color and darkening during post-harvest storage of fresh lychee fruit at 4°C. Peroxidase declined whereas polyphenyloxidase increased in the lychee endocarp during storage. The peroxidase of the exocarp increased to 36.93 U/min at 29 days, but declined during subsequent storage. No change in polyphenyloxidase of the exocarp was observed until 29 days when activity increased nearly ten fold to 0.55 U/min. The decrease in peroxidase and increase in polyphenyloxidase activities coincided with onset of discoloration of fruit.
Circadian factors during sustained performance: Background and methodology

Cornell University Medical College, Westchester Division, The New York Hospital, White Plains, New York It is well established that there is a complex timekeeping mechanism in the human brain. This mechanism is associated with a variety of physiological and psychological rhythms having a period of about a day, and thus referred to as circadian rhythms. The circadian system has recently been modeled in terms of two underlying oscillators, one much more resistant to changes in routine than the other. These oscillators are considered to be endogenous, that is, internal to the organism, and not reliant for their existence upon changes in the person’s environment or general behavior. They thus continue to run even when the sleep/wake cycle is suspended, as in sustained operations. Thus, by their very nature, sustained operations require the individual to override the inputs that are coming from his or her circadian system (especially the indication that sleep is required). The aim of this paper is to provide a background to the area of circadian rhythms research, including a section on the methodology, so that the impact of the circadian system on sustained operations can be better understood.
Organoamines-grafted on nano-sized silica for carbon dioxide capture

Abstract Organoamine–inorganic hybrid adsorbent materials were synthesized by covalent immobilization of alkylaminotrimethoxysilanes and polyethyleneiminetrimethoxysilane onto fumed silica (nanosilica). The obtained silica–organic hybrid materials were characterized by thermogravimetry and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) confirming the successful grafting of the amine derivatives to silica and their surface area measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET). The influence of reaction conditions on the graft density of organoamines was investigated and it was found that the saturation of the silane coupling agents with carbon dioxide prior to surface modification resulted in higher graft densities. Carbon dioxide uptake of the obtained hybrid materials were determined by thermogravimetric analysis at room temperature as well as higher temperatures resulting in CO2 adsorption capacities from 32.4 to 69.7 mg g−1 adsorbent.
Lysosomal delivery of ANP receptors following internalization in PC12 cell

Internalization and intracellular processing of ANP-B and C receptors play an important role in regulating cell responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP). Receptor internalization was indirectly monitored with [sup 125]I labelled ligand. When [sup 125]I-ANP(99-126) was internalized by the cells at 37[degrees]C, 55% of the internalized radioactivity was localized in the lysosomal fraction. When receptors were affinity-labelled with [sup 125]I-ANP(99-126) and allowed to internalize for varying time periods, two radiolabelled proteins in the m.wt. range of 56 and 52 KDa were detected in the cytosolic extract. These proteins appear to be the hydrolytic products of the ANP-C receptor expressed on the plasma membrane. In addition to lysosomal delivery, shedding of the ANP-C receptor from the cell surface was detected following incubation of cells with [sup 125]I-ANP(99-126). The dual processes may function to clear exogenous ANP from the extracellular compartments.
The speciation of marine particulate iron adjacent to active and passive continental margins

Abstract We use synchrotron-based chemical-species mapping techniques to compare the speciation of suspended (1–51 μm) marine particulate iron collected in two open ocean environments adjacent to active and passive continental margins. Chemical-species mapping provides speciation information for heterogeneous environmental samples, and is especially good for detecting spectroscopically distinct trace minerals and species that could not be detectable by other methods. The average oxidation state of marine particulate iron determined by chemical-species mapping is comparable to that determined by standard bulk X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy. Using chemical-species mapping, we find that up to 43% of particulate Fe in the Northwest Pacific at the depth of the adjacent active continental margin is in the Fe(II) state, with the balance Fe(III). In contrast, particulate iron in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, which receives the highest dust deposition on Earth and is adjacent to a passive margin, is dominated by weathered and oxidized Fe compounds, with Fe(III) contributing 90% of total iron. The balance is composed primarily of Fe(II)-containing species, but we detected individual pyrite particles in some samples within an oxygen minimum zone in the upper thermocline. Several lines of evidence point to the adjacent Mauritanian continental shelf as the source of pyrite to the water column. The speciation of suspended marine particulate iron reflects the mineralogy of iron from the adjacent continental margins. Since the solubility of particulate iron has been shown to be a function of its speciation, this may have implications for the bioavailability of particulate iron adjacent to passive compared to active continental margins.
Self-versus drug-produced relaxation and the effects of instructional set in standardized systematic desensitization.

Abstract Snake fearful college students underwent Standardized Systematic Desensitization (SSD) treatment in which they received instructions designed to induce cognitions of either self- or drug-produced relaxation. Half of the subjects in each of these conditions were also given high expectancy therapy instructions and low expectancy therapy instructions respectively. All four SSD groups showed significantly greater improvement than a no-treatment control group on both the behavior avoidance test (BAT) and the self-report measure of fear. No differences between self- and drug-attributions of relaxation were found on any measure. Subjects' high expectancy ratings were significantly correlated with improvement on self-report measures but not related to BAT performance.
Noncoherent Detection In Asynchronous Multi-user Channels

The noncoherent demodulation of multiple differentially phase-shift-keyed signals transmitted simultaneously over an asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channel with white Gaussian background noise is considered. A class of bilinear detectors is defined with the objective of obtaining the optimal bilinear detector. The optimality criterion considered is near-far resistance that denotes worst-case asymptotic efficiency over the signal energies and phases which are unknown at the receiver. The optimal bilinear detector is therefore obtained by solving a minimax optimization problem. In the finite packet length case, this detector is shown to be a time-varying multiinput multioutput linear decorrelating filter followed by differential decision logic. In the limit as packet lengths go to infinity, the time-varying decorrelating detector is replaced by a time-invariant multiinput multioutput decorrelating filter. Several properties of the optimally near-far resistant detector are established. >
A new genus, Uniyala, from peninsular India and Sri Lanka (Vernonieae: Asteraceae)

Abstract The genus Uniyala, of southern India and Sri Lanka, is described as new for seven shrubby species, previously placed in Vernonia, with 4- or 5-costate achenes and blunt sweeping hairs on the style branches. The new combinations are Uniyala anceps, U. bourdillonii, U. comorinensis, U. multibracteata, U. ramaswamii, U. salvifolia, and U. wightiana.
ELECTRICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RATE OF FILTRATION OF AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS THROUGH CELLOPHANE MEMBRANES

The mechanisms by which electrokinetic factors might influence the filtration rate of aqueous electrolyte solutions through membranes are discussed. The filtration rate of a thorium chloride solution in which the membrane is isoelectric is compared with those of other solutions. The maximum filtration rate is found at the isoelectric concentration, the rate falling as the electrokinetic potential increases. The results demonstrate an inverse relation between the electrokinetic potential and the filtration rate but do not permit the evaluation with any great exactitude of the respective roles played by the two proposed mechanisms, namely, a stream potential-electroosmotic back-transport and a variation in effective pore diameter due to an orientation of water dipoles determined by electrical factors. Evidence is presented that Lepeschkin's membrane resistance is an artifact.
Link layer driver architecture for unified radio power management in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) represent a new generation of networked embedded systems that must achieve long lifetimes on scarce amounts of energy. Since radio communication accounts for the primary source of power drain in these networks, a large number of different radio power management protocols have been proposed. However, the lack of operating system support for flexibly integrating them with a diverse set of applications and network platforms has made them difficult to use. This article focuses on providing link layer support toward realizing a unified power management architecture (UPMA) for WSNs. In contrast to existing monolithic approaches, we provide (i) a set of standard interfaces that separate link layer power management protocols from common MAC level functionality, (ii) an architectural framework that allows applications to easily swap out different power-management protocols depending on its needs, and (iii) a mechanism for coordinating multiple applications with different power management requirements. We have implemented our approach on both the Mica2 and Telosb radio drivers in TinyOS-2.0, the second generation of the de facto standard operating system for WSNs. Microbenchmark results show that our approach can coordinate the power-management requirements of multiple applications in a platform independent fashion while incurring negligible overhead.
Dopamine modulation of Ca2+ dependent Cl- current regulates ciliary beat frequency controlling locomotion in Tritonia diomedea

SUMMARY The physiological mechanisms controlling ciliary beating remain largely unknown. Evidence exists supporting both hormonal control of ciliary beating and control via direct innervation. In the present study we investigated nervous control of cilia based locomotion in the nudibranch mollusc, Tritonia diomedea. Ciliated pedal epithelial (CPE) cells acting as locomotory effectors may be electrically excitable. To explore this possibility we characterized the cells9 electrical properties, and found that CPE cells have large voltage dependent whole cell currents with two components. First, there is a fast activating outward Cl- current that is both voltage and Ca2+ influx dependent (ICl(Ca)). ICl(Ca) is sensitive to DIDS and 9-AC, and resembles currents of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCC). Ca2+ dependence also suggests the presence of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; however, we were unable to detect these currents. The second current, a voltage dependent proton current (IH), activates very slowly and is sensitive to both Zn2+ and changes in pH. In addition we identify a new cilio-excitatory substance in Tritonia, viz., dopamine. Dopamine, in the 10 μmol l-1-1 mmol l-1 range, significantly increases ciliary beat frequency (CBF). We also found dopamine and Tritonia Pedal Peptide (TPep-NLS) selectively suppress ICl(Ca) in CPE cells, demonstrating a link between CBF excitation and ICl(Ca). It appears that dopamine and TPep-NLS inhibit ICl(Ca) not through changing [Ca2+]in, but directly by an unknown mechanism. Coupling of ICl(Ca) and CBF is further supported by our finding that DIDS and zero [Cl-]out both increase CBF, mimicking dopamine and TPep-NLS excitation. These results suggest that dopamine and TPep-NLS act to inhibit ICl(Ca), initiating and prolonging Ca2+ influx, and activating CBF excitation.
Antinuclear antibodies defining autoimmunity pathways

Immunofluorescent imaging has been a powerful technique in helping to identify intracellular nuclear and cytoplasmic molecules which are target antigens of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune disorders. Patterns of staining can be correlated with molecules engaged in specific cellular functions and distributed in distinct cellular domains. Different autoimmune disorders have different profiles of autoantibodies, and immunodiagnostics has become an important adjunct in differential diagnosis. An important finding that has eluded explanation is the presence of autoantibodies to many different antigens, manifested strikingly in systemic lupus erythematosus. In cancer, the occurrence of autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens is not uncommon and a characteristic feature is also the presence of multiple autoantibodies. The targeted tumor-associated antigens are either oncogene or tumor suppressor gene products or their coactivators, which are altered or mutated and driving the autoimmune response. Most cancer cells have between two and eight mutated genes before oncogenic transformation occurs, initiating a process called synthetic lethality in tumorigenesis pathways. These observations beg the question of whether there are similar mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus and other disorders driving autoimmunity pathways. Targeting molecules that are synthetic lethal to each other is in the forefront of the search for anticancer therapy, and this could also be an objective in systemic autoimmune disorders.
The economic implications of self-care: the effect of lifestyle, functional adaptations, and medical self-care among a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries.

Objectives Self-care includes actions taken by individuals to promote or ensure their health, to recover from diseases or injuries, or to manage their effects. This study measured associations between self-care practices (lifestyle practices, adaptations to functional limitations, and medical self-care) and Medicare expenditures among a national sample of adults 65 years and older. Methods Regression models of Medicare use and expenditures were estimated by using the National Survey of Self-Care and Aging and Medicare claims for 4 years following a baseline interview. Results Lifestyle factors (swimming and walking) and functional adaptations (general home modifications) were associated with reductions in monthly Medicare expenditures over a 12-month follow-up period. Expenditure reductions were found over the 48-month follow-up period for participation in active sports, gardening, and medical self-care. Practices associated with increases in expenditures included smoking, physical exercise (possibly of a more strenuous nature), and specific home modifications. Conclusions Certain self-care practices appear to have significant implications for Medicare expenditures and presumptively for the health status of older adults. Such practices should be encouraged among older adults as a matter of national health policy.
Government Interventions in a Dynamic Market with Adverse Selection

We study government interventions in a dynamic market with asymmetric information. We show that if the government can only carry out budget-neutral policies, introducing a short tax-exempt trading window followed by short-lived positive taxes creates a Pareto improvement in the market. Under a su¢ cient condition on the shape of the gains from trade and the distribution of asset values, we show that, even when not requiring budget-neutrality, it is optimal to subsidize trades only at time zero while imposing prohibitively high taxes afterwards. Subsidies can greatly enhance welfare but they can also be detrimental if they are provided with delay.
Identification of chromosome abnormalities in subtelomeric regions by microarray analysis: A study of 5,380 cases

Subtelomeric imbalances are a significant cause of congenital disorders. Screening for these abnormalities has traditionally utilized GTG-banding analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is a relatively new technology that can identify microscopic and submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances. It has been proposed that an array with extended coverage at subtelomeric regions could characterize subtelomeric aberrations more efficiently in a single experiment. The targeted arrays for chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), developed by Baylor College of Medicine, have on average 12 BAC/PAC clones covering 10 Mb of each of the 41 subtelomeric regions. We screened 5,380 consecutive clinical patients using CMA. The most common reasons for referral included developmental delay (DD), and/or mental retardation (MR), dysmorphic features (DF), multiple congenital anomalies (MCA), seizure disorders (SD), and autistic, or other behavioral abnormalities. We found pathogenic rearrangements at subtelomeric regions in 236 patients (4.4%). Among these patients, 103 had a deletion, 58 had a duplication, 44 had an unbalanced translocation, and 31 had a complex rearrangement. The detection rates varied among patients with a normal karyotype analysis (2.98%), with an abnormal karyotype analysis (43.4%), and with an unavailable or no karyotype analysis (3.16%). Six patients out of 278 with a prior normal subtelomere-FISH analysis showed an abnormality including an interstitial deletion, two terminal deletions, two interstitial duplications, and a terminal duplication. In conclusion, genomic imbalances at subtelomeric regions contribute significantly to congenital disorders. Targeted array-CGH with extended coverage (up to 10 Mb) of subtelomeric regions will enhance the detection of subtelomeric imbalances, especially for submicroscopic imbalances.
Mechanical efficiency improvement in relation to metabolic changes in sedentary obese adults.

Purpose Mechanical efficiency (ME) refers to the ability of an individual to transfer energy consumed by external work. This performance indicator is impaired by obesity and is associated with decreased high-intensity exercise performance. However, it is unclear if ME may be improved in response to high intensity training (HIT). This study aimed to determine if ME increases in response to HIT in obese adults and to identify the factors associated with these changes. Methods 24 obese adults (body mass index=∼33 kg/m 2 ) were randomised into control (n=12) and trained (n=12) groups. Following baseline metabolic, anthropometric, fitness and ME measurements, the participants completed a 6-week exercise intervention that included 18 sessions of six repeats of 6 s supramaximal sprints on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. The metabolic, anthropometric and fitness assessments were repeated postintervention. ME (expressed as a %) was calculated during an incremental maximal cycling test at stages of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 W. Results ME did not differ across the groups at 25 and 50 W. Following HIT, ME increased significantly at 75, 100 and 125 W (p Conclusions Although there were no changes in the participants’ anthropometric variables, HIT improved ME in obese adults, an enhancement that appears to be related to increases in muscle strength and metabolic adaptations.
Molecular Diversity and Functional Considerations in Transmembrane Signalling by G Proteins

Signal transduction by G proteins is a fundamental and widespread mechanism by which a wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and auto- and paracrine factors regulate cellular functions. G proteins modulate cAMP formation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, arachidonic acid release and membrane potential. The mechanism by which G proteins are activated provides for amplification, reversal of action and continued monitoring of factor levels. Not all G proteins are known and some are known of which their functions are still unknown. Clearly more G proteins and more effector functions affected by them will surely be found. These features of signal transduction by G proteins and some of the current questions are discussed below.
How Annealing and Charge Scavengers Affect Visible Emission from ZnO Nanocrystals

Simultaneous transmission infrared (IR) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies are used to reveal the correlation of free electron and defect densities during the stepwise annealing of ZnO nanocrystals in high vacuum. For increasing annealing temperatures between 700 and 1000 K, the free electron density increases with a negligible increase in PL yield. With increased annealing temperature above 1000 K, the free electron density decreases and the PL yield increases in inverse proportion. Accompanying the free electron loss are indications of increased bound charges and changes in the multiphonon bands in the infrared spectrum, which collectively suggest that structural change and defect formation accompanies the loss of free electrons and the increase in PL. Exposure of the previously annealed sample to electron (O2) and hole (MeOH) scavengers shows that the buildup of holes quenches visible emission, while additional electrons have a marginal effect on the PL yield. Given that certain neutr...
Epidural Blood Patch Performed for Severe Intracranial Hypotension Following Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery. Retrospective Series and Literature Review

Intracranial hypotension (IH) can occur following lumbar drainage for clipping of an intracranial aneurysm. We observed 3 cases of IH, which were all successfully treated by epidural blood patch (EBP). Herein, the authors report our cases.
Mathematical Modeling of Constrained Vapor Bubbles

We develop a mathematical model of a long vapor bubble in a micro-channel with given temperature distributions on the walls. We assume that the shape of the bubble is dominated by capillary forces everywhere except near the walls of the channel and use a lubrication-type analysis to find the local vapor-liquid interface shapes and mass fluxes near the walls. Both two- and three-dimensional steady-state solutions are found such that evaporation near the heated bottom is balanced by condensation in colder areas of the vapor-liquid interface. The total length in this steady regime is found from the integral mass balance and investigated as a function of heating conditions. Steady-state conditions can no longer be satisfied when the intensity of heating is above a certain level. In this regime the bubble is expanding. We investigate such expansion in the framework of a two-dimensional model in the limit of small capillary number.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Multiple Routes to Self- versus Other-Expression in Consumer Choice:

Abstract Studies of consumer decision making often begin with the identification of a dimension on which options differ, followed by an analysis of the factors that influence preferences along that dimension. Building on a conceptual analysis of a diverse set of problems, the authors identify a class of related consumers choices (e.g., extreme vs. compromise, hedonic vs. utilitarian, risky vs. safe) that can all be classified according to their levels of self- versus other-expression (or [un]conventionality). as shown in four studies, these problem types respond similarly to manipulations that trigger or suppress self-expression. Specifically, priming self-expression systematically increases the share of the self-expressive options across choice problems. conversely, expecting to be evaluated decreases the share of the self-expressive options across the various choice dilemmas. in addition, priming risk seeking increases only the choice of risky gambles but not of other self-expressive options. these find...
The Silver Anniversary of the Entomological Society of America

During 1977 the Entomological Society of America celebrates its 25th year. It came into being on January 1, 1953 with the amalgamation of the American Association of Economic Entomologists (1889–1952) and the former Entomological Society of America (1906–1952). The first meeting of the new organization was held in Los Angeles, California on December 7–10, 1953 with C. E Palm of Cornell University as President.
Recent advances in understanding and treating ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome represents a complex syndrome with considerable morbidity and mortality, for which there exist no targeted treatment strategies. However, recent advances in clinical care have improved outcomes, and we will review a number of these approaches here, as well as explore the mechanisms underlying the benefit of intervention that might point us in the direction toward future treatment and preventive strategies for this devastating syndrome.
Minithyrotomy with radiofrequency‐induced thermotherapy for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia

Objectives/Hypothesis A simple, safe and effective surgical alternative for treating adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) would appeal to many patients. This study evaluates a new option, using radiofrequency-induced thermotherapy (RFITT) of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) via the minithyrotomy approach to reduce the force of adduction. Methods Fifteen dogs were used. In part 1, the optimal RFITT power settings, exposure time, probe location, and number of passes were determined. Part 2 compared laryngeal adductor pressures (LAPs) at baseline; immediately postintervention; and at 1, 3, or 6 months postintervention. Interventions included RFITT via the transcervical minithyrotomy approach (n = 15), transoral RFITT (n = 3), botulinum toxin (Botox) injection (n = 3), or no-intervention controls (n = 3). Postintervention induced phonation and histologic analyses were performed as well. Results In the minithyrotomy RFITT group, the mean LAP was 30.3% of baseline immediately posttreatment. At 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, the mean LAPs were 24.9%, 44.8%, and 43.5%, respectively. Transoral RFITT reduced LAP to 56.6% of baseline immediately posttreatment, but returned to normal in the 1 and 3 month animals. The Botox injections dropped the LAP to 57% of baseline at 1 month, but returned to normal at 3 months. Mucosal waves, based on induced phonation stroboscopy, were present at the terminal date in all animals. Thirteen of 15 transcervical RFITT preparations (87%) showed no injury to the lamina propria, whereas 80% showed evidence of TA muscle atrophy and fibrosis. Conclusion Minithyrotomy RFITT is a feasible technique that shows encouraging long-term results for the potential treatment of patients with ADSD. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 2016
Accelerating Analysis of Biological Targets from Raw Solid-State Micropore Data

Early cancer cell detection is important and many micro and nano-scale systems have been developed to detect biological targets. These approaches have significant background noise in the raw data, which makes the data analysis tedious, and causes the process to be inefficient, monotonous, and repetitive. Conventional detection and analysis is done manually, which also creates a lag in the analysis. As novel devices are discovered for the early detection of cancer, there is a high demand for an efficient and quick method to analyze the data in real-time. A step-by-step machine-learning approach was developed to record single cell event (pulses) using a solid-state micropore system. The algorithm computed pulse features, and classifies specific patterns for the respective type of cell analyzed for cancerous and noncancerous cells. A graphics-processing unit (GPU) was used to detect and classify cancer cells from RBC and WBC clusters. This method was tested in parallel with an Intel-i7 processor (CPU), however, the GPU analyzed the data 3-4 times faster than the CPU. The approach had 70% accuracy for classifying cancerous cells from a large raw data set by detecting patterns using the following statistical features: average of mean and standard deviation, width, and amplitude of each pulse. The k-nearest neighbor approach was used in this system to detect all types of cells with high accuracy when there was a suitable proportion of training samples and neighborhood sizes. The accuracy rate of this machine-learning algorithm also increased with an increase in the amount of training data used. This method has the potential to enhance and advance research conducted for early cancer-detection systems across the globe.