cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three monomeric compounds containing the dipyrimidine-2-thiolategold(I) anion

Abstract Three complexes containing the dipyrimidine-2-thiolategold(I) anion, [Au(2-pymS)2]-, (2-pymSH = pyrimidine-2-thione), Na[Au(2-pymS)2] (1), N(C2H5)4[Au(2-pymS)2] (2), and H[Au(2-pymS)2] (3), have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy (1H NMR, IR, and ESI –MS) and by X-ray crystallography. The monomeric compounds are easily solubilized in water and in various polar organic solvents. The complex anion shows a linear S Au S geometry in all three compounds, but the counter cations create a different space group for each compound and also deter Au Au interactions.
PROFESSIONALISM AMIDST BARRIERS TO ESTABLISHING COUNSELING ASSOCIATIONS

This study investigate the responses of counseling students on professionalism amidst barriers to establishing counseling associations it adopted the descriptive survey research using one hundred and fifty (150) counseling students as the respondents. A twenty (20) item likert scale questionnaire was designed for use in gathering data. Using one sample population t-test in analyzing the data, the result showed that ethical principles, rules and guidelines contribute to strengthening professionalism as well the attitudes of experts promote adherence as it affect specific problem situations. Cultural and religious nouns has little barrier which change with the ever growing society. It concluded that prudency and confidentiality will promote the acceptance of counseling associations at the rural areas. The research recommended among others, that counselors should propagate the counseling profession by forming smaller groups to organize programmes periodically to sensitize and create awareness at the local areas. Article visualizations:
Vergence Endurance Test: A Pilot Study for a Concussion Biomarker.

Abstract The Vergence Endurance Test (VET), a quantitative and objective eye movement assessment, was utilized to differentiate control from concussed subjects. Nine symptomatic concussed (2 male; ...
Learning from Omission.

Pragmatic reasoning allows humans to go beyond the literal meaning when interpret- ing language in context. Previous work has shown that such reasoning can improve the performance of already-trained language understanding systems. Here, we explore whether pragmatic reasoning during training can improve the quality of learned meanings. Our experiments on reference game data show that end-to-end pragmatic training produces more accurate utterance interpretation models, especially when data is sparse and language is complex.
The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research Strategy to Advance Therapeutic Development of PINK1 and Parkin.

The role of mitochondria in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been investigated since the 1980s and is gaining attention with recent advances in PD genetics research. Mutations in PRKN and PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase 1 (PINK1) are well-established causes of autosomal recessive early-onset PD. Genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that PINK1 and Parkin proteins function together in the same biological pathway to govern mitochondrial quality control. These proteins have also been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and other mitochondrial functions. Additionally, structural studies on Parkin have delineated an activation mechanism and have identified druggable regions that are currently being explored by academic and industry groups. To de-risk therapeutic development for these genetic targets, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF) has deployed a strategic funding and enabling framework that brings together the research community to discuss important breakthroughs and challenges in research on PINK1-Parkin biology, supports collaborative initiatives to further our understanding within this field and develops high-quality research tools and assays that are widely available to all researchers. The Foundation’s efforts are leading to significant advances in understanding of the underlying biology of these genes, proteins and pathways and in the development of Parkinson’s therapies.
The Antarctic mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus, shares bacterial microbiome community membership but not abundance between adults and tritonymphs

The Antarctic mite (Alaskozetes antarcticus) is widely distributed on sub-Antarctic islands and throughout the Antarctic Peninsula, making it one of the most abundant terrestrial arthropods in the region. Despite the impressive ability of A. antarcticus to thrive in harsh Antarctic conditions, little is known about the biology of this species. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the microbiome of the final immature instar (tritonymph) and both male and female adults. The microbiome included a limited number of microbial classes and genera, with few differences in community membership noted among the different stages. However, the abundances of taxa that composed the microbial community differed between adults and tritonymphs. Five classes—Actinobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Sphingobacteriia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria—comprised ~ 82.0% of the microbial composition, and five (identified) genera—Dermacoccus, Pedobacter, Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium—accounted for ~ 68.0% of the total composition. The core microbiome present in all surveyed A. antarcticus was dominated by the families Flavobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Chitinophagaceae and Cytophagaceae, but the majority of the core consisted of operational taxonomic units of low abundance. This comprehensive analysis reveals a diverse microbiome among individuals of different stages, with overlap likely due to their shared habitat and common feeding preferences as herbivores and detritivores. The microbiome of the Antarctic mite shows considerably more diversity than observed in mite species from lower latitudes.
Successful treatment of refractory tumor necrosis factor inhibitor-induced palmoplantar pustulosis with tofacitinib: Report of case

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor–induced palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) can present with debilitating, refractory disease that requires changing or stopping anti-TNF agents or adding systemic treatments. Here, we report an update of a previously reported case of severely recalcitrant PPP successfully treated with the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib.
The evolution of bacterial shape complexity by a curvature-inducing module

Abstract Bacteria can achieve a staggering diversity of cell shapes that promote critical functions like growth, motility, and virulence1-4. Previous studies suggested that bacteria establish complex shapes by co-opting the core machineries essential for elongation and division5,6. In contrast, we discovered a two-protein module, CrvAB, that can curve bacteria autonomously of the major elongation and division machinery by forming a dynamic, asymmetrically-localized structure in the periplasm. CrvAB is essential for curvature in its native species, Vibrio cholerae, and is sufficient to curve multiple heterologous species spanning 2.5 billion years of evolution. Thus, modular shape determinants can promote the evolution of morphological complexity independently of existing cell shape regulation.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Is Associated with Elevated Urine CXCL10 and CXCL9

ABSTRACT Acute kidney injury (AKI) is nearly universally associated with worse outcomes, especially among children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). Our objective was to examine urinary immune biomarkers of AKI after HCT to provide insights into novel mechanisms of kidney injury in this population. Studying patients undergoing allogeneic HCT provides a unique opportunity to examine immune markers of AKI because the risk of AKI is high and the immune system newly develops after transplant. Children (>2 years old) and young adults undergoing their first allogeneic HCT and enrolled in a prospective, observational cohort study at 2 large children's hospitals had urine collected pre-HCT and monthly for the first 4 months after HCT. Urine samples at each monthly time point were assayed for 8 immune-related biomarkers. AKI was defined as a 1.5-fold increase in the monthly serum creatinine value, which was recorded ±1 day from when the research urine sample was obtained, as compared with the pre-HCT baseline. Generalized estimating equation regression analysis evaluated the association between the monthly repeated measures (urinary biomarkers and AKI). A total of 176 patients were included from 2 pediatric centers. Thirty-six patients from 1 center were analyzed as a discovery cohort and the remaining 140 patients from the second center were analyzed as a validation cohort. AKI rates were 18% to 35% depending on the monthly time point after HCT. Urine CXCL10 and CXCL9 concentrations were significantly higher among children who developed AKI compared with children who did not (P
THYROTOXIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS AND COMPLICATED THYROTOXICOSIS, TWO PRESENTATIONS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM WITH NOTABLE DIFFERENCES IN THEIR CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN THE UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT Objective: Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a muscular disorder characterized by sudden episodes of muscle weakness and hypokalemia in the setting of thyrotoxicosis. We aimed to repo...
On–The–Fly Feature Selection and Classification with Application to Civic Engagement Platforms

Online feature selection and classification is crucial for time sensitive decision making. Existing work however either assumes that features are independent or produces a fixed number of features for classification. Instead, we propose an optimal framework to perform joint feature selection and classification on–the–fly while relaxing the assumption on feature independence. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is showed by classifying urban issue reports on the SeeClickFix civic engagement platform. A significant reduction in the average number of features used is observed without a drop in the classification accuracy.
Comment on "Late Upper Paleolithic occupation at Cooper's Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago".

Davis et al. (Research Articles, 30 August 2019, p. 891) report human occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 years ago, well before Greenland Interstadial 1 (GI-1). Critical review suggests that this early date is not supported by the evidence. Human occupation might have begun in the mid-16th millennium before the present, but would have been more likely after ~15,000 years ago, coeval with GI-1.
Multidirectional Pathways of Tobacco and Marijuana Use, Including Comorbid Use, Among Young Adults (Aged 18–25 Years) in Texas: A Six-Wave Cross-Lagged Model

Abstract Purpose Prevalence of past 30-day tobacco and marijuana use are highest among young adults in the U.S., and comorbid use of these products is common. However, it is unclear whether the use of one product precedes the other—an important consideration, given the new climate surrounding marijuana legalization and the popularity of e-cigarette products. Methods Six-panel cross-lagged regression models, with 6 months between each panel/wave, were used to model bidirectional paths between past 30-day use and comorbid use of marijuana and tobacco products from 2014 to 2017 among young adults (N = 5,221 college students, aged 18–25 years). Results Combustible tobacco use and e-cigarette use were prospectively associated with greater risk of future marijuana use while controlling for the stability of use over time, age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Marijuana use was prospectively associated with greater risk of future combustible tobacco and e-cigarette use. Comorbid use was common, but while the odds of comorbid use decreased with increasing age, odds of tobacco use increased. Conclusions More young adults may be consolidating their use than are successfully ceasing their tobacco or marijuana use as they mature through young adulthood. Although we observed decreases in comorbid use of combustible tobacco with marijuana and e-cigarettes with marijuana, we simultaneously observed strong stability in single use of these products over time. Taken together, these results should help structure interventions specific to young adults that target use and comorbid use in early young adulthood to discourage initiation, encourage cessation, and curb subsequent escalation in later young adulthood.
Outcomes of Operative Management of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy in the Young vs Elderly

Background:Insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) is a common cause of chronic posterior heel pain. Surgical intervention reproducibly improves patients’ pain and functional status. We hypothesize...
Discursive constructions of night sky experiences: Imagination and imaginaries in national park visitor narratives

Abstract Communities and protected areas worldwide have initiated programs to protect and promote dark night skies. Yet, limited research has explored how and why night skies become of interest or meaningful to people. Because night skies are literally beyond human reach, we focus on how visitors to a U.S. national park imagine night skies and invoke imaginaries that make night skies meaningful. Drawing from interviews, we examine how visitors use symbolic language, narrative, and other discursive practices to develop the social, cultural, and spatial contexts of their night sky experiences. Findings inform our understanding of imagination and imaginaries in tourism and recreation research, while offering new approaches to night skies research.
Association of MRI Brain Injury With Outcome After Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Objective To determine the association between the extent of diffusion restriction and T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) injury on brain MRI and outcomes after pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods Diffusion restriction and T2/FLAIR injury were described according to the pediatric MRI modification of the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (modsASPECTS) for children from 2005 to 2013 who had an MRI within 14 days of OHCA. The primary outcome was unfavorable neurologic outcome defined as ≥1 change in Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) from baseline resulting in a hospital discharge PCPC score 3, 4, 5, or 6. Patients with unfavorable outcomes were further categorized into alive with PCPC 3–5, dead due to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies for poor neurologic prognosis (WLST-neuro), or dead by neurologic criteria. Results We evaluated MRI scans from 77 patients (median age 2.21 [interquartile range 0.44, 13.07] years) performed 4 (2, 6) days postarrest. Patients with unfavorable outcomes had more extensive diffusion restriction (median 7 [4, 10.3] vs 0 [0, 0] regions, p Conclusions More extensive diffusion restriction and T2/FLAIR injury on the modsASPECTS score within the first 14 days after pediatric cardiac arrest was associated with unfavorable outcomes at hospital discharge.
ϱ(770)0, K*(892)0 and f0(980) production in AuAu and pp collisions at GeV

Abstract Preliminary results on ϱ(770) 0 → π + π − , K * (892) 0 → πK and f 0 (980) → π + π − production using the mixed-event technique are presented. The measurements are performed at mid-rapidity by the STAR detector in S N N = 200 GeV Au Au and pp interactions at RHIC. The results are compared to different measurements at various energies.
Prediction of Genotype Positivity in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using Machine Learning.

Background: Genetic testing can determine family screening strategies and has prognostic and diagnostic value in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, it can also pose a significant psychosoc...
Estimating the glutamate transporter surface density in mouse hippocampal astrocytes

Glutamate transporters preserve the spatial specificity of synaptic transmission by limiting glutamate diffusion away from the synaptic cleft, and prevent excitotoxicity by keeping the extracellular concentration of glutamate at low nanomolar levels. Glutamate transporters are abundantly expressed in astrocytes. Previous estimates in the rat hippocampus suggest that the surface density of glutamate transporters in astrocytic membranes is ~10,800 μm−2. Here, we estimate their surface density in astrocytic membranes of the mouse hippocampus, at different ages. By using realistic 3D Monte Carlo reaction-diffusion models, we show that varying the local glutamate transporter expression in astrocytes can alter profoundly the activation of extrasynaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors. Our findings show that the average density of astrocyte membranes and their surface density of glutamate transporters is higher in mice compared to rats, and increases with mouse age. There are stark differences in the density of expression of these molecules in different subcellular compartments, indicating that the extent to which astrocytes limit extrasynaptic glutamate diffusion depends not only on the level of astrocytic coverage, but also on the identity of the astrocyte compartment in contact with the synapse. Together, these findings provide information on the spatial distribution of glutamate transporters in the mouse hippocampus, which can be used in mathematical models of the spatiotemporal profile of extracellular glutamate after synaptic release.
Abstract P173: Physical Activity In Relation To Fasting And Post-meal Blood Glucose In Pregnant Women With Diabetes

Introduction: Pregnant women with diabetes often show low levels of physical activity (PA) and high sedentary behavior (SED). Longitudinal studies with objective measures are needed to understand t...
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 mediates the effects of viral infection on the host cell transcriptome

To identify functions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we performed transcriptomic analyses of cells expressing individual viral proteins. Expression of Nsp14, a protein involved in viral RNA replication, provoked a dramatic remodeling of the transcriptome that strongly resembled that observed following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, Nsp14 expression altered the splicing of more than 1000 genes and resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of circRNAs, which are linked to innate immunity. These effects were independent of Nsp14 exonuclease activity and the co-factor Nsp10. Activation of the NFkB pathway and increased expression of CXCL8 occurred early upon Nsp14 expression. IMPDH2, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of guanine biosynthesis, was identified as a key mediator of the effect. Nsp14 expression caused an increase in GTP cellular levels, and the effect of Nsp14 was strongly decreased in presence of an IMPDH2 inhibitor. Together, our data demonstrate an unknown role for Nsp14 with implications for therapy.
Neutrino Oscillations — History, Status and Challenge

In this lecture I review the developments of ideas and early searches for neutrino oscillations. The issues are whether neutrinos are massive, and whether they are pure or mixed states. The search for oscillations constitutes an important test of the standard model and the quest for new physics.
A morphologic concept of the limbic lobe.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a morphologic concept of the limbic lobe. The concept presented in this chapter is based upon a brief historic review of the source of the existing nomenclature adapted to the present concepts of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of the human telencephalon. Three major projection tracts are responsible for carrying information into and away from the limbic lobe,which are (1) the fornix, (2) the medial forebrain bundle in conjunction with the stria medullaris and terminalis, and (3) the anterior thalamocingulate projections. The limbus or immediate medial border of each half of the bulbus telencephalon is that portion bounding the foramen of Monro. It includes one-half of the isthmus (telencephalon medium), the indusium griseum, hippocampus, dentate fascia, and medial amygdaloid. The chapter discusses that the limbic lobe is formed by the medial border of the telencephalon and incorporates its early precursors, the archipallium, and telencephalon medium, in its inner ring. The outer ring is formed by further differentiation of the cerebral tissue bordering this inner ring-paleopallium ventrally and neopallium dorsolaterally.
Geometric-Phase Atom Optics and Interferometry

We illustrate how geometric gauge forces and topological phase effects emerge in atomic and molecular systems without employing assumptions that rely on adiabaticity. We show how geometric magnetism may be harnessed to engineer novel quantum devices including a velocity sieve, a component in mass spectrometers, for neutral atoms. We introduce and outline a possible experimental setup that demonstrates topological interferometry for neutral spin-1/2 systems. For that two-level system, we study the transition from Abelian to non-Abelian behavior and explore its relation to the molecular Aharonov-Bohm effect.
Reply from Authors re: Guillaume Ploussard, James W. Catto. The Quest for an Optimal Definition of Prostate-specific Antigen Failure Following Radical Prostatectomy: The Risk of Not Seeing the Forest for the Trees. Eur Urol 2014;66:211–13: Identifying the Candidates for Early Salvage Therapy After Radical Prostatectomy

prostatectomy alone in pT3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostate-specific antigen: ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2924–30. [10] Goenka A, Magsanoc JM, Pei X, et al. Long-term outcomes after high-dose postprostatectomy salvage radiation treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:112–8. [11] Van der Kwast TH, Bolla M, Van Poppel H, et al. Identification of patients with prostate cancer who benefit from immediate postoperative radiotherapy: EORTC 22911. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4178–86. [12] Ploussard G, Staerman F, Pierrevelcin J, et al. Predictive factors of oncologic outcomes in patients who do not achieve undetectable prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2013; 190:1750–6.
Noise-constrained design of reliable power networks for mixed-power supply systems

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) accounts for over 30% chip failure that occurs during VLSI chip manufacturing. On-chip ESD network should be able to withstand the heating effects, sink the large currents during the ESD event and not be damaged by the ensuing high electric fields. The ways focused on ESD reliability may cause noise isolation concern among multiple power supplies. Our experimental results show that the noise coupled through ESD networks significantly degrades the performance of mixed-signal systems. This coupling noise cannot be easily suppressed because reducing the noise usually leads to the degradation of ESD performance. This paper presents a new method for designing noise-constrained ESD networks while improving the reliability. This idea features a common electrostatic discharge line (CEDL) with utilizing the estimation of maximum power/ground (PG) noise in digital circuits in the ESD network design. Experimental results demonstrate the potential for alleviating a tradeoff between ESD robustness and noise isolation in mixed-power supply networks.
A geometric analysis of mastectomy incisions: Optimizing intraoperative breast volume.

Maintaining breast volume and shape during mastectomy reconstruction relies heavily on two factors: adequate parenchymal volume replacement and maximal preservation of native mastectomy skin flaps. Several novel techniques, such as acellular dermis-assisted expander implant reconstruction, have allowed for significant intra-operative volume expansion and replacement of excised breast parenchyma (1–5). These techniques permit reconstructive surgeons to achieve intraoperative volume expansions that are 60% to 100% of the final breast volume (6–8). Priority has been placed on preserving native breast skin to maximize volume during the immediate reconstruction, and minimize or obviate the need for serial outpatient expansions. Several oncological techniques may be used to minimize skin flap loss during mastectomy. Although nipple-sparing mastectomy allows for complete preservation of the skin envelope, the technique is not suited to the majority of patients (8–10). Therefore, the focus is to minimize the dimension of the incision using skin-sparing mastectomy. Skin-sparing mastectomy is commonly performed through a periareolar fusiform incision. Most surgeons use a length to width ratio of 3:1, which permits a tension-free closure without relative excess at the apices. Intuitively, the ability to restore postmastectomy breast volume depends on the amount of skin envelope that is conserved. Less well known is the relationship of breast volume loss to the dimensions of these periareolar fusiform incisions. Therefore, the present study aimed to quantify the degree of volume loss associated with increasing the dimensions of the fusiform mastectomy incision using mathematical modelling.
Bibliographies Made Easy: A Guide to Using Citation Software to Create Bibliographies

Managing references, inserting citations, and creating bibliographies take a considerable amount of our time in the academic world. Help is now available in the form of citation software that could easily help us produce highly professional bibliographies easily. This article provides a beginners guide to such software with tips on using them effectively. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 5:A.5D.1-A.5D.7. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: academic software; citation manager; reference management
Toward interactive design of correct programs

Publisher Summary This chapter describes an imagined interaction between a computer programmer and his machine, which might be made feasible within the next decade. It focuses on an intelligent assistant approach. The chapter also presents the earliest published description of an intelligent programming assistant. It describes an imagined interaction between a computer programmer and an intelligent program verifier assistant; such systems will be feasible within the following decade. The programmer is at an interactive console, designing a program, first in its overall outline, then by successive developments in detail. The computer is, of course, serving its customary role as syntactic analyzer, code generator, program executor, prompter, and file handler. In addition, the computer is continually checking the program, at each level of specification, for consistency with the programmer's stated intentions.
Representation theory of the vertex algebra $W_{1 + \infty}$

In our paper~\cite{KR} we began a systematic study of representations of the universal central extension $\widehat{\Cal D}\/$ of the Lie algebra of differential operators on the circle. This study was continued in the paper~\cite{FKRW} in the framework of vertex algebra theory. It was shown that the associated to $\widehat {\Cal D}\/$ simple vertex algebra $W_{1+ \infty, N}\/$ with positive integral central charge $N\/$ is isomorphic to the classical vertex algebra $W (gl_N)$, which led to a classification of modules over $W_{1 + \infty, N}$. In the present paper we study the remaining non-trivial case, that of a negative central charge $-N$. The basic tool is the decomposition of $N\/$ pairs of free charged bosons with respect to $gl_N\/$ and the commuting with $gl_N\/$ Lie algebra of infinite matrices $\widehat{gl}$.
Students at Risk Due to a Lack of Family Cohesiveness: A Rising Need for Social Workers in Schools

Abstract The relationship between student success— defined by attendance, grades, and discipline—and residential arrangements of students due to the marital status of parents has become more apparent in recent decades and has created a new at-risk indicator (Amato 2005; Hett 1983; Bank et al. 1993; Grych and Fincham 1990). Rising rates of divorce (Johnson, Pugach, and Hawkins 2004), cohabitation (Bumpass, Raley, and Sweet 1994), and children being born to unwed parents (U.S. Census Bureau 2008a) have caused many children to enter the public school system with less parental stability and support (Amato 2005; Bank et al. 1993; Grych and Fincham 1990; Guidubaldi et al. 1983; Hetherington 1988; Hett 1983; Shifflet and Cummings 1999; Troxel and Matthews 2004). According to some studies, moreover, students who live in single-parent homes are more likely than other students to have poor attendance (Hett 1983), low grades (Amato 2005), and frequent discipline problems (Bank et al. 1993). Additional support is nec...
Callosotomy for generalized seizures associated with hypothalamic hamartoma.

AbstractA case is reported of intractable epilepsy associated with a hypothalamic hamartoma in an 18 year old man. The patient underwent a two-third anterior callsotomy and, subsequently, removal of the hamartoma. CaUosotomy did not affect the generalized seizure pattern. The authors believe this to be the first documented case of hypothalamic hamartoma in which callosotomy for seizure control was attempted. The poor response to callosotomy suggests the extracallosal diffusion of the generalized seizures from hypothalamic hamartomas. [Neurol Res 1993; 15: 139-141]
INHALED NITRIC OXIDE IN CONGENITAL HYPOPLASIA OF THE LUNGS DUE TO DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA OR OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

OBJECTIVE We determined whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) could improve systemic oxygenation in human neonates with hypoplastic lungs. METHODS A multicenter nonrandomized investigation was performed to study the efficacy of short-term NO inhalation. Inhaled NO was administered at 80 ppm to nine neonates without evidence of structural cardiac disease by echocardiography. Lung hypoplasia was due to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in eight patients and to oligohydramnios in one patient. A total of 15 trials of NO inhalation were performed in these nine patients. Eight trials in seven patients were performed before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ((ECMO); one patient had two trials) and seven trials were performed in five patients after decannulation from ECMO (two patients had two trials each). RESULTS NO inhalation before ECMO did not change postductal PaO2 (42 +/- 3 mmHg vs 42 +/- 4 mmHg), oxygen saturation (SpO2; 89% vs 88%) or oxygenation index (31 +/- 4 cm H2O/torr vs 31 +/- 4 cm H2O/torr) for the group. All patients required ECMO support, which lasted from 5 to 17 days (mean 9). After decannulation from ECMO, NO inhalation increased postductal PaO2 from a median of 56 mm Hg (range 41 to 94) to a median of 113 mm Hg (range 77 to 326), P < .05. It decreased the oxygenation index from a median of 23 cm H2O/torr (range 11 to 7) to a median of 11 cm H2O/torr (range 4 to 21), P < .05. It increased SpO2 from 91% to 96% (P < .05) and pH from 7.48 +/- .03 to 7.50 +/- .03. CONCLUSION In our patients with hypoplastic lungs, inhaled NO was effective only after ECMO. This could be due to maturational changes such as activating the endogenous surfactant system. Inhaled NO may be effective in neonates with hypoplastic lungs who have recurrent episodes of pulmonary hypertension after ECMO, even if they were previously unresponsive.
Comparison of 2 wavefront-guided excimer lasers for myopic laser in situ keratomileusis: one-year results

Purpose To compare laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes between 2 wavefront-guided excimer laser systems in the treatment of myopia. Setting University eye clinic, Palo Alto, California, USA. Design Prospective comparative case series. Methods One eye of patients was treated with the Allegretto Wave Eye-Q system (small-spot scanning laser) and the fellow eye with the Visx Star Customvue S4 IR system (variable-spot scanning laser). Evaluations included measurement of uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, and wavefront aberrometry. Results One hundred eyes (50 patients) were treated. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was −3.89 diopters (D) ± 1.67 (SD) and −4.18 ± 1.73 D in the small-spot scanning laser group and variable-spot scanning laser group, respectively. There were no significant differences in preoperative higher-order aberrations (HOAs) between the groups. Twelve months postoperatively, all eyes in the small-spot scanning laser group and 92% in the variable-spot scanning laser group were within ±0.50 D of the intended correction ( P = .04). At that time, the small-spot scanning laser group had significantly less spherical aberration (0.12 versus 0.15) ( P = .04) and significantly less mean total higher-order root mean square (0.33 μm versus 0.40 μm) ( P = .01). Subjectively, patients reported that the clarity of night and day vision was significantly better in the eye treated with the small-spot scanning laser. Conclusions The predictability and self-reported clarity of vision of wavefront-guided LASIK were better with the small-spot scanning laser. Eyes treated with the small-spot scanning laser had significantly fewer HOAs. Financial Disclosure Dr. Manche is a consultant to Equity in Calhoun Vision, Inc., Krypton Vision, Inc., Refresh Innovations, Inc., Seros Medical, LLC, Veralas, Inc., Best Doctors, Gerson Lehrman, Guidepoint Global. Dr. Yu has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Structural Modeling of Profiled Edge Laminate (PEL) Tools Using the Finite Element Method

Profiled Edge Laminate (PEL) tooling is a rapid tooling method that uses a stacked array of vertically orientated thick laminae with profiled and beveled top edges to provide the desired surface shape for part forming or molding. Since this method is being developed for commercial use, there is a need to be able to predict the response of PEL tools to both structural and thermal loads encountered during a manufacturing process. In this paper a general approach for structural modeling of PEL tools is developed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To validate this method, an experimental case study is performed. Specifically, a PEL test tool is subjected to two-dimensional structural loading to simulate a sheet metal hydroforming process, while tool displacements and strains are recorded. The experimental results are compared to those obtained using the FEM modeling approach, conclusions are drawn about its effectiveness, and more advanced modeling work is proposed.
The normal and diseased pericardium: Current concepts of pericardial physiology, diagnosis and treatment

The past quarter century has seen remarkable contributions to understanding the role of the pericardium in health and disease and to diagnostic methods in the context of significant changes in the clinical spectrum of acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion and their sequelae. Anatomic studieshave demonstrated pericardial ultrastructure and its relation to function and delineated the pericardial lymphatics and their participation in inflammation and tamponade. Physiologic investigationshave revealed the pericardium's mechanical, membranous and ligamentous functions and its role in ventricular interaction, pericardial modification of cardiac responses during acute cardiocirculatory loading and effects on diastolic function (and, at high filling pressures, systolic function), including reduction by pericardial fluid of true filling pressure—the myocardial transmural pressure. The diastolic mean pressure plateau and phasic venoatrial pressure and flow during cardiac tamponade have been further characterized and the mechanisms producing pulsus paradoxus have been elucidated, including the importance of inspiratory increase in right ventricular filling. A far reaching compensatory response to tamponade has been revealed, particularly adrenergic stimulation, and, over time, blood volume expansion. Right heart tamponade and low pressure tamponade have been identified and the importance of the pericardium in the restrictive dynamics of right ventricular myocardial infarction has been demonstrated. Constrictive pericarditis,And the currently more common effusive-constrictive pericarditis,have been studied, in depth, clinically and hemodynamically. Cardiography in pericardial diseasenow includes M-mode and two-dimensional echographic studies, enabling rapid diagnosis and further physiologic study in cardiac tamponade and constriction. The four stages of typical electrocardiographic evolutionin acute pericarditis and atypical variants have been codified and characteristic PR segment deviations identified. The non-etiologic role of acute pericarditis in arrhythmiashas been clarified in prospective clinical and postmortem investigations. Electric alternation has been elucidated and its relation to cardiac "swinging" has been at least partly explained. Special roles now exist for contrast roentgenography, computed tomography(especially for cysts) and radionuclide imaging. Clinical advancesin pericardial disease include changes in the prevalence of established etiologies and identification of new etiologies, for example, immunopathic processes to explain recurrent pericarditis and the post-injury (including postoperative) pericardial syndromes. New forms of constriction—uremic, postoperative, radiation—have appeared in increasing numbers. The pericardial rubhas been characterized and codified, confirming a typical three-component structure (with frequent exceptions).
Conditional expression of Wnt9b in Six2-positive cells disrupts stomach and kidney function.

During kidney development, canonical Wnt signaling activates differentiation, while the transcription factor Six2 maintains the progenitor pool. These opposing signals help to regulate nephron formation and ensure the full complement of nephrons are formed. Since these two factors control differing fates in kidney mesenchyme, we hypothesized that overexpression of Wnt9b in Six2-expressing cells would disrupt kidney formation and may alter cell differentiation decisions in other tissues. We created a transgenic mouse that conditionally expressed the canonical Wnt ligand in the developing kidney, Wnt9b. The transgene is activated by cre recombinase and expresses GFP. We first tested its biological activity using Hoxb7-cre and found that transgenic Wnt9b was capable of inducing differentiation genes and of rescuing kidney development in Wnt9b−/− homozygous deficient mice. In contrast, expression of Wnt9b in cells using Six2-cre caused gastrointestinal distress and severe renal failure in adult mice. Transgenic kidneys had numerous cystic tubules and elevated creatinine values (0.652±0.044) compared to wild-type mice (0.119±0.002). These animals also exhibited a malformed pyloric sphincter, duodenogastric reflux, and a transformation of the distal stomach into proximal fate. The gene expression changes observed for the Wnt9b:EGFP transgene were compared to a stabilized β-catenin allele to determine that Wnt9b is activating the canonical Wnt pathway in the tissues analyzed. These results demonstrate that expression of Wnt9b in Six2-positive cells disrupts cell fate decisions in the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract.
Chick-comb fibroblasts a new strain of cultured cells sensitive to androgens ☆

Abstract An androgen-responsive cell strain of chick-comb fibroblasts has been established in culture. Cells were obtained from combs of 1–2 day old white Leghorn cockerels and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 6 g/1 glucose. The cells required serum but not androgens for growth. In the presence of androgens, growth rate and incorporation of labeled precursors into protein and RNA were markedly increased in exponentially growing cells, but not in confluent cultures. Androgens exerted these stimulatory effects in a dose-dependent fashion. It is concluded that chick-comb fibroblasts, which respond to androgens in vivo, retain this responsiveness when cultured. They furnish a well-defined system of potential value for studies of the molecular mechanisms of androgen action.
Long Cycle Life Elevated Temperature Thin-Film Batteries Incorporating MoO3 Cathodes

MoO 3 thin films were examined as cathodes for elevated temperature Li thin-film batteries. All solid-state cells incorporating MoO 3 cathodes were found to have superior cycle life and specific capacity compared with state-of-art LiCoO 2 -based Li thin-film cells. At 150°C, the MoO 3 cells could be cycled at deep charge and discharge voltages from 3.5 to 1 V over thousands of cycles with no apparent long-term capacity fade, in contrast to LiCoO 2 cells which experienced severe capacity fade over a few hundred cycles at this temperature. The practical specific capacity of the MoO 3 cathodes, approximately 298 mAh/g, was about twice that of state-of-art LiCoO 2 cells cycled from 4.2 to 2.5 V.
Comparison of an inhalant allergy immunoassay with allergen specific IgE determinations in human serum

The diagnosis of inhalant allergy can be elusive, with symptoms resembling viral or bacterial infection, as well as immunologic deficiency. In this study an inhalant allergy immunoassay was investigated as a possible screen to rule in or out respiratory inhalant allergy in patients with allergic-type symptoms. The results of this screen were compared in 192 serum specimens submitted to our laboratory for specific IgE allergy testing and 73 blood bank samples. When the discrepant results of the inhalant allergy immunoassay were resolved by Western blot, a final sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 97.5% was calculated. We have found this inhalant allergy immunoassay to be an effective screen for detecting inhalant allergies, and believe it to be a useful tool for the primary care physician or non-allergist trying to differentiate inhalant allergens from chronic sinusitis or other causes of sinopulmonary congestion.
Four Distinct Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Phosphorylate Histone H1 at All of Its Growth-Related Phosphorylation Sites†

In mammalian cells, up to six serines and threonines in histone H1 are phosphorylated in vivo in a cell cycle dependent manner that has long been linked with chromatin condensation. Growth-associated H1 kinases, now known as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are thought to be the enzymes responsible for this process. This paper describes the phosphorylation of histone H1 by four different purified CDKs. The four CDKs phosphorylate only the cell cycle specific phosphorylation sites of H1, indicating that they belong to the kinase class responsible for growth-related H1 phosphorylation in vivo. All four CDKs phosphorylate all of the interphase and mitotic-specific H1 sites. In addition to the (S/T)PXK consensus phosphorylation sites, these four CDKs also phosphorylate a mitotic-specific in vivo H1 phosphorylation site that lacks this sequence. There is no site selectivity among the growth-related phosphorylation sites by any of the four CDKs because all four CDKs phosphorylate all relevant sites. The results imply that the cell cycle dependent H1 phosphorylations observed in vivo must involve differential accessibility of H1 sites at different stages of the cell cycle.
Association of macrophage-activation factor from a human cultured lymphoid cell line with albumin and α2-macroglobulin☆

Macrophage-activating factors (MAF) were partially purified from the supernatant culture medium of the long-term human lymphoid cell line RPMI 1788 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and preparative acrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis. The culture medium contained 2% human serum instead of the usual fetal calf serum. Macrophage activation properties were associated with α2-macroglobulin and albumin from the cell culture medium, and α2-macroglobulin was the more active on a mole for mole basis. Two assays utilizing in vivo and in vitro activation were used: (i) cytotoxicity in an adherent population of DBA2 mouse peritoneal cells against the syngeneic L1210 lymphoma and (ii) measurement of acid phosphatase in adherent cells. Since α2-macroglobulin and albumin obtained from control, nonincubated medium containing 2% human serum were inactive, it was suggested that α2-macroglobulin and albumin act as carrier molecules for a smaller molecular weight factor(s), which is the true active moiety.
Effects of environmental variables on binding of a PCB congener by dissolved humic substances

The magnitude of the binding interaction of dissolved organic matter with 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl is affected by several environmental parameters: pH, ionic strength of the aqueous media, molecular weight and the source of the binding agent. Temperature has little effect. The binding constant for Aldrich humic acid is on the order of 1 × 105. Humic acids extracted from soil and water samples have lower binding capabilities than Aldrich humic acid (KDOC range: 0.24 × 105-0.64 × 105), whereas the fulvic acid and dissolved organic matter samples have KDOCs near the method detection limit (0.086 × 105 and 0.0076 × 105, respectively). Thermodynamic studies show the binding interaction to be entropy driven with ΔH° similar to that of van der Waals's interaction.
Competition between food and rewarding brain shock.

Abstract Some rats implanted with electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle or ventral tegmental nucleus prefer brain shock to food, even to the point of self-starvation. Non-contingent shock, however, does not seriously interfere with food intake or weight regulation. This suggests that positively reinforcing brain shock does not short-circuit a hunger regulatory mechanism.
How well can epilepsy syndromes be identified at diagnosis? A reassessment 2 years after initial diagnosis.

Summary Purpose: Epilepsy syndromes can be identified very early in the course of a seizure disorder. It is unclear how accurate and resilient such early classifications are. We compared the classification of epilepsy syndromes made previously on the basis of information available at diagnosis with those made 2 years later in a cohort of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Methods: Children (n = 613) were prospectively identified at me time of initial diagnosis by participating physicians in Connecticut between 1993 and 1997. Classification of epilepsy syndrome according to International League Against Epilepsy guidelines was made previously based on all relevant information available at diagnosis. All cases were reclassified again after 2 years of additional evidence had accumulated. The distributions of syndromes at diagnosis and at 2 years are compared and reasons for changes examined. Results: After 2 years, syndromes remained the same in 86.3% of the cohort and changes occurred in 13.7% (n = 84). Evolution of the syndrome occurred in 24 children (3.9%), and rectification to the initial diagnosis occurred in 60 children (9.8%). The most common scenario for evolution of a syndrome was from West syndrome (n = 5), undetermined (n = 4), or symptomatic localization-related epilepsy (n = 3) to the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The most common rectification of initial classifications involved incompletely classified syndromes (cryptogenic localization-related and undetermined syndromes; n = 36). In a few instances, a fully specified syndrome was reclassified to another apparently unrelated syndrome. In these cases, initial information at diagnosis had been difficult to interpret. Conclusions: Epilepsy syndromes can, for the most part, be identified at the time of initial diagnosis. Two years later, rectifications were made in only 9.8% of cases, and most of these involved syndromes that represented incomplete classifications in the first place. Significant changes were rare. The International League Against Epilepsy classification of the epilepsies can be meaningfully applied in epidemiological studies of newly diagnosed pediatric epilepsy.