cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous infection of a cat by Colletotrichum species

A 13-year-old, domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a right tarsal mass. Physical examination revealed a 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm, soft, fluctuant, subcutaneous tarsal mass. Thoracic radiographs revealed several discrete lung parenchymal lesions. Abdominal ultrasound revealed abnormal architecture to both kidneys. Fungal culture and sensitivity from the subcutaneous mass revealed a uniform growth of Colletotrichum species that was susceptible to itraconazole. Colletotrichum species infection was confirmed in the subcutis and suspected to be disseminated. Colletotrichum species fungal infections in cats have not been previously documented.
Effects of ascorbic acid and inflammation on ceruloplasmin activity levels in guinea pigs

Abstract The possibility that ascorbic acid exerts a postabsorptive effect on copper metabolism in guinea pigs was examined. A pair of ascorbic acid injections (20 mg/kg, ip, 18 h apart) caused a small but statistically significant increase in oxidase activity levels of ceruloplasmin, a serum copper protein. In contrast, dietary ascorbic acid deprivation for 14 days did not prevent increases in ceruloplasmin activity levels caused by turpentine-induced inflammation. The ascorbic acid deprivation did reduce weight gain and adrenal ascorbic acid contents but serum ascorbic acid concentrations were not significantly lowered. In summary, ascorbic acid can produce postabsorptive changes in copper metabolism but adequate intake of the vitamin is not necessary for inflammation-induced elevations of ceruloplasmin activity levels.
Management of hazardous materials at the local community level

Increasing media visibility, public concern, and restrictive legislation over the effects of chemicals in use by society is creating a range of problems and liabilities that many local jurisdictions are currently unprepared to cope with. Communities around the nation are struggling to develop cost effective, sustainable internal systems to manage their responsibilities for hazardous chemicals which are used, stored, manufactured or transported within their areas of responsibilities. Within the past few years, federal and state legislation has mandated new local responsibilities for management of chemical hazards. The sheer volume of statutes, regulations, guidance and advice available from public and private sources on how to manage these new responsibilities and liabilities can be overwhelming.
Recent radioactive nuclear ion beam program at the NSCL

Abstract The radioactive nuclear beam program at the National Superconduting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) located at Michigan State University is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to selected experiments from recent program that highlight studies in both nuclear structure and nuclear reactions.
Morphine differentially modulates nociceptive input in the superficial versus the deeper dorsal horn of the medulla (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) in the rat

Morphine enhanced the noxious thermal stimulus-evoked responses in 4/13 (31%) selectively nocireceptive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn, inhibited the responses in 4/13 (31%) neurons and produced a biphasic effect in 2/13 (17%) neurons. Naloxone antagonized these effects in 7/7 neurons. In contrast, morphine produced a naloxone reversible reduction in the nociceptive responses of 4/4 (100%) multireceptive neurons in the deeper dorsal horn of the medulla. The data are interpreted to indicate that opiates may differentially modulate nociceptive input in the superficial versus the deeper dorsal horn.
Windblown sand on Venus: The effect of high atmospheric density

The high density of the venusian atmosphere significantly affects aeolian saltation transport and may also allow rapid alterations in the radar backscatter cross-section of the surface. Saltation flux experiments were conducted under terrestrial and simulated venusian conditions to assess the effect of atmospheric density on aeolian transport of sediment. Total lane flux, the vertical distribution of saltating particles, and the average horizontal component of particle speed were measured and used to estimate the volumetric concentration of particles above the surface. Results show that so many particles are set into motion when wind speeds exceed a critical value that mid-air collisions are a common result, a condition termed 'choked' saltation. When choking occurs, there is a reduction in the rate at which the total saltation flux increases with increasing wind speed at least in part due to a reduction in the mean horizontal speed of the particles. Choked saltation on Venus may result in a reduction of the local aeolian erosion rate, the obliteration of aeolian bedforms, and rapid alteration of surface radar backscatter characteristics.
Flight evaluation of a digital electronic engine control in an F-15 airplane

A digital electronic engine control (DEEC) system on an F100 engine in an F-15 airplane was evaluated in flight. Thirty flights were flown in a four-phase program from June 1981 to February 1983. Significant improvements in the operability and performance of the F100 engine were developed as a result of the flight evaluation: the augmentor envelope was increased by 15,000 ft, the airstart envelope was improved by 75 knots, and the need to trim the engine periodically was eliminated. The hydromechanical backup control performance was evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Two system failures were encountered in the test program; both were detected and accommodated successfully. No transfers to the backup control system were required, and no automatic transfers occurred. As a result of the successful DEEC flight evaluation, the DEEC system has entered the full-scale development phase.
Hypothermic circulatory arrest for cardiac valve replacement reoperations

Three patients had cardiac valve replacement using hypothermic circulatory arrest. The patients had multiple previous operations via median sternotomy, and 1 had functioning coronary bypass grafts. This technique provided simple and safe reentry to the heart without necessity of control of the aorta or venae cavae, adequate myocardial and cerebral protection from ischemia, and excellent operating conditions for the valve replacement.
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: a form of pseudoangioedema.

Background Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is an unusual cause of facial swelling that can be confused with angioedema. Objective To describe a young woman with facial swelling initially considered to be angioedema. Methods A biopsy specimen of the eyelid demonstrated findings consistent with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Results After reviewing the differential diagnosis of pseudoangioedema, a presumptive diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome was made. The patient was successfully treated with infliximab for Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Owing to medication adverse effects, infliximab treatment was discontinued. Treatment was then continued with adalimumab, with good effect and without adverse events. Conclusions We report the case of a patient with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome presenting as angioedema. Furthermore, we report the first successful treatment of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome with adalimumab.
Multi-class, multi-residue liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry screening and confirmation methods for drug residues in milk.

This paper describes the development and optimization of a multi-residue veterinary drug screening method for whole milk. The drug residues of regulatory interest in milk include β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile and the samples were then subjected to a clean-up procedure using a bonded solid-phase extraction cartridge and a molecular weight cut-off filter. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) triple quadrupole electrospray methods were developed to monitor for the drugs in milk. Since established tolerance levels are set for most of these drugs in milk, the initial screening procedure was semi-quantitative, where samples were compared to the response of a positive control. The positive control, consisting of an extract from a portion of milk fortified with the drugs at half their allowed levels, was used to set the laboratory's minimum response criteria for unknown samples. Confirmatory analyses, with additional ion transitions for each residue, were performed on the same extracts. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of penile prosthesis infection

The implantation of inflatable penile prostheses for the treatment of erectile dysfunction continues to be widely practiced in the United States and internationally. As third-line therapy for erectile dysfunction, the numbers of implants continue to rise as the population of men treated for erectile dysfunction increases. Complications of penile prosthesis implantation continued to decline as mechanical malfunctions have decreased as a result of re-engineering inflatable penile prostheses. Inflatable penile prostheses from both available vendors continue to be reliable, effective methods for restoring erectile function with high satisfaction rates. The most troublesome complication of these prostheses, however, is not mechanical but rather that of prosthesis infection. Prosthesis infections may result in further surgery, loss of penile tissue, and even the inability to replace penile prosthesis. While standard sterile technique perioperative antibiotics and careful surgical procedures continue to be the cornerstone of penile prosthesis infection avoidance, newer designs of penile prostheses for antibiotic coating have resulted in an improvement in the prevalence and incidents of penile prosthesis infection. For those patients in whom penile prostheses become infected despite adequate prophylaxis, newer techniques of salvage have demonstrated increasing success. Once and still the most dreaded complication of penile prosthesis implantation, prothesis infections can now be avoided by perioperative preparation and antibiotics as well as antibiotic-coated penile prostheses. Treatment of penile prosthesis infections once associated with severe loss of function can often be successful with modern salvage techniques. Implanting urologists must be familiar prophylaxis, avoidance, and treatment of penile prosthesis infections.
Investigation of Complexes Formed in Solution by Caffeine: VI. Comparison of Complexing Behaviors of Methylated Xanthines with p-Aminobenzoic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Acetylsalicylic Acid, and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Previous studies have shown that caffeine forms molecular complexes in solution with various compounds. The present report extends this investigation to other methylated xanthines. It has been shown that, except for the p-aminobenzoic acid interaction, caffeine has the greatest solubilizing action on the acids listed in the title while theobromine exhibits the smallest effect. The results also indicate that the solubility of the complexes formed parallels the solubility of the parent xanthines. Although their solubilities differ greatly, the stability constants of the complexes formed with any given acid by the three xanthines are usually quite similar.
Book production and library purchases: looking beyond the thor ruling

Many of the concerns regarding the impact of the issues of the early 1980s on book publishing and library acquisitions continue to be discussed in library literature. Discussion focuses on the availability of material, while the economic realities are often overlooked. The present study was conducted to provide background data on these issues by exploring the correlation between new title output and library acquisitions, the change in new title production prior to and following the 1980Thor ruling, and changes in library spending patterns. Additionally, it discusses other factors that may be influencing library purchases and the state of scholarly publishing.
Effect of man's activities on distribution of trace elements in sub‐bottom sediments of Lake George, New York*

A core from the southern mesotrophic basin of Lake George, New York, shows enrichment in the concentration of trace elements near its top. By contrast, a core from the northern oligotrophic basin shows, with the exception of manganese, an almost constant trace-element concentration throughout the core. Man's activities in the watershed surrounding the southern basin are responsible for enrichment in the trace-element concentration of newly deposited bottom sediments. Increase in trace-element concentration is not paralleled by increase in organic-carbon concentration.
Freezing degree-days in New York state

Abstract Freezing degree-days (FDD) are examined for the period 1950–1980 at 62 locations. FDD are defined as departures in the mean daily temperature from 0°C with means below 0°C given a positive sign and means above 0°C given a negative sign. Accumulation of FDD begins 1 October. A negative accumulation is set to zero. The maximum FDD accumulation is reached during late January or February in southeastern New York, during early to middle March across central sections, and during late March or early April in the Adirondack Mountains. Temperatures above freezing after those dates lead to a decrease in FDD accumulations and indicate the melting period. The average maximum accumulation of FDD ranges from 100 on Long Island to 1000 in the Adirondack Mountains. Regression equations estimate the average annual maximum accumulation of FDD and the date of the maximum using site elevation and latitude.
Root-growth behavior of the Arabidopsis mutant rgr1. Roles of gravitropism and circumnutation in the waving/coiling phenomenon

In this study we investigated the kinetics of the gravitropic response of the Arabidopsis mutant rgr1 (reduced root gravitropism). Although the rate of curvature in rgr1, which is allelic to axr4, was smaller than in the wild type (ecotype Wassilewskija), curvature was initiated in the same region of the root, the distal elongation zone. The time lag for the response was unaffected in the mutant; however, the gravitropic response of rgr1 contained a feature not found in the wild type: when roots growing along the surface of an agar plate were gravistimulated, there was often an upward curvature that initiated in the central elongation zone. Because this response was dependent on the tactile environment of the root, it most likely resulted from the superposition of the waving/coiling phenomenon onto the gravitropic response. We found that the frequency of the waving pattern and circumnutation, a cyclic endogenous pattern of root growth, was the same in rgr1 and in the wild type, so the waving/coiling phenomenon is likely governed by circumnutation patterns. The amplitudes of these oscillations may then be selectively amplified by tactile stimulation to provide a directional preference to the slanting.
Measuring social skill in grade school boys

This study examined positive and negative assertive skill in 60 elementary school boys, grades 3–8. Subjects' role-played responses to standard analogue situations requiring expression of positive and negative assertion were videotaped and rated retrospectively. High- and low-assertive subjects were identified through ratings of overall assertiveness. Results of this study indicate that (1) high- and low-assertive subjects differ on a number of response components which are related to age level and type of assertive situation (positive vs. negative), (2) assertive skill is associated with role-taking (or decentering) ability, (3) teachers tend to perceive their assertive boys as more sociable and interpersonally sensitive than unassertive boys, (4) there is essentially no correlation between teachers' ratings of aggressiveness and separate behavioral ratings of assertive skill, and (5) behavioral ratings of assertiveness show little relationship to self-report or teachers' ratings of assertiveness.
Acculturation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Midlife Immigrant Women From the Former Soviet Union

This study examines relationships among acculturation, depression, and cardiovascular risk factors in midlife women from the former Soviet Union and identifies factors predicting Framingham Risk Scores. Data were collected at baseline and 1 year later from 218 participants in a longitudinal study of postimmigration health. The leading risk factors were obesity, dyslipidemia, and depression. Older women had lower American Behavioral Acculturation subscale scores, higher Russian Behavioral Acculturation subscale scores, and higher depression scores. Length of residence was significantly correlated with American behavioral acculturation but not Russian behavioral acculturation. Baseline body mass index, both acculturation scores, and depression scores predicted Framingham Risk Scores after 1 year, but serum glucose did not. The results suggest that contrary to findings in other immigrant groups, women from the former Soviet Union may decrease their risk for coronary heart disease as they assume a more American lifestyle. Nursing interventions to address the high cardiovascular disease risk in this population are suggested.
7.2.1 Robust Decision Making

The Idaho National Laboratory is funded through the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy and other customers who have direct contracts with the Laboratory. The people, equipment, facilities, and other infrastructure at the laboratory require continual investment to maintain and improve the laboratory's capabilities. With ever tightening federal and customer budgets, the ability to direct investments into the people, equipment, facilities, and other infrastructure that are most closely aligned with the laboratory's mission and customers' goals grows increasingly important. The ability to justify those investment decisions based on objective criteria that can withstand political, managerial, and technical criticism also becomes increasingly important. The Systems Engineering tools of decision analysis, risk management and roadmapping, when properly applied to such problems, can provide defensible decisions.
Gallium and germanium in the metal and silicates of L- and LL-chondrites.

Concentrations of Ga and Ge in the metal of 31 L-, 8 LL- and 2 H-chondrites, and in the silicates of 12 L- and LL-chondrites have been determined by spectrophotometric methods. The ranges of Ga contents in the metal of L- and LL-chondrites are 1.1 to 36.9 ppm and 1.0 to 34.1 ppm, respectively. The Ge content in the metal is positively correlated with Ga and ranges from 89.1 to 160 ppm and from 126 to 308 ppm for L- and LL-chondrites, respectively. The Ga content in the silicates of L-chondrites varies from 4.0 to 8.9 ppm. The Ga and Ge contents in the metal are clearly lower in unequilibrated than in equilibrated L- and LL-group chondrites. Unequilibrated and equilibrated chondrites are well separated in the plots of Ga vs Ge in the metal, and the L- and LL-groups are also well resolved. The Ga and Ge in the metal are well correlated with petrologic grade. This suggests that Ga and Ge variations in the metal are related to thermal metamorphism. There is evidence of an enrichment of Ga in the metal due to shock reheating.
Monetarism and the US economy

Contrary to the Keynesian view, Monetarists claim that a restrictive fiscal policy without a reduction in the rate of monetary expansion cannot reduce the rate of inflation. Alternatively, Monetarists claim that the impact of a bond financed expansionary fiscal policy is reversed after several quarters. There is also a dispute between the New Classical Economics and (what I define as) the Monetarist position concerning the short-run trade-off between the speed at which inflation is reduced and the temporary rise in the unemployment rate. My 1976 papers concerned with the first point and my recent work (1981, 1982) is concerned primarily with the second point. Meghnad Desai and David Blake have raised proper questions concerning my 1976 attempt to test whether the Monetarist or Keynesian parameter specification, concerning the effects of bond financed fiscal policy, is consistent with the data. Instead of focusing upon reduced form equations as I did, they attempt to derive maximum likelihood estimates of the structural parameters; and they ask whether the underlying structural parameters have Monetarist or Keynesian values. This is the ideal way to proceed. My theoretical system was reduced to a system of three differential equations in the form of eq. (1). The vector of state variables X(t) is: the unemployment rate U(t), the rate of inflation z(t) of the GNP deflator and the anticipated rate of inflation a*(t). Control vector C(t) consists of: the change in real government purchases DC(t), the rate of monetary expansion p(t) and the change in the debt-money ratio DO(t).
Alternative fuels from biomass and their impact on carbon dioxide accumulation.

A number of transportation fuels can be produced from renewable resources. The major fractions of lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose and hemicellulose, can be broken down into sugars that can be fermented into ethanol. Biomass can also be gasified to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen for catalytic conversion into methanol. Algae could consume carbon dioxide from power plants and other sources to produce lipid oil that can be converted into a diesel fuel substitute. Through anaerobic digestion, a consortium of bacteria can break down lignocellulosic biomass to generate a medium-energy-content gas that can be cleaned up for pipeline-quality methane. Catalytic processing of pyrolytic oils from biomass produces a mixture of olefins that can be reacted with alcohols to form ethers, such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), for use in reformulated gasoline to reduce emissions. Each of these technologies is briefly described. The costs have been reduced significantly for biofuels, and the potential exists for them to be competitive with conventional fuels. An analysis of energy flows is presented for ethanol production as an example of these technologies, and a carbon dioxide balance is provided for the fossil fuels used. This analysis includes consideration of fuel utilization performance and assignment of carbon dioxide to coproducts. Biofuels technologies are shown to require little, if any, fossil fuel inputs. As a result, most or all of the carbon is recycled through their use, reducing substantially the net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Phronesis and Phantasia: Teaching with Wisdom and Imagination

Critics of Aristotelian accounts of practical reasoning, in teaching and in other contexts, criticise phronesis for its rigidity and lack of imagination. This paper argues that phantasia, or imagination, helps us to develop a richer account of Aristotle’s phronesis. Two senses of phantasia, as producing images and as an interpretive faculty, are proposed here to be importantly involved in phronesis. By producing images that help in the selection of an end goal, and by having an interpretive faculty that helps to compare competing possibilities, phantasia plays a crucial role in the practical reasoning process of phronesis.
A new measure for assessing the contributions of higher level processes to language comprehension performance in preschoolers.

The present study reports the development of a theoretically motivated measure that provides estimates of a preschooler's ability to recall auditory text, to make text-based inferences, to access knowledge from long-term memory, and to integrate this accessed knowledge with new information from auditory text. This new preschooler component processes task is based on measures developed by Hannon and Daneman (2001) and August, Francis, Hsu, and Snow (2006), but it uses pictures and auditory text to make it more suitable for children 4--6 years of age. The results show that the new task is suitable for understanding the contributions of higher level processes to performance on a measure of language comprehension. In fact, it appears to be a better predictor of language comprehension performance than it is a measure of working memory. In addition, its medium-knowledge integration component is a good predictor of performance on a composite measure of fluid intelligence. Finally, a factor analysis reveals 3 separate clusters of abilities: word decoding skills, higher level processes associated with text-based processing, and higher level processes associated with accessing prior knowledge.
Washing Macrophage Suspensions Inhibits Protein Synthesis

SummaryWhen suspensions of rabbit alveolar macrophages are washed repeatedly at 4° by centrifuging and resuspending the cells, incorporation of [14C]- or [3H]leucine into protein is inhibited, the inhibition increasing with increasing number of washings. Although washing decreases the protein content of macrophages, it does not change the DNA content or the phagocytosis of 3H-labeled E. coli. Washing results in a depression of net leucine transport and a reduction in the translational activity of the polyribosomes, but it does not appear to change the intracellular leucine pool. Mac-rophage monolayers which are washed do not show inhibition of protein synthesis.
The Age Structure-Crime Rate Relationship: Solving a Long-Standing Puzzle

Develop the concept of differential institutional engagement and test its ability to explain discrepant findings regarding the relationship between the age structure and homicide rates across ecological studies of crime. We hypothesize that differential degrees of institutional engagement—youths with ties to mainstream social institutions such as school, work or the military on one end of the spectrum and youths without such bonds on the other end—account for the direction of the relationship between homicide rates and age structure (high crime prone ages, such as 15–29). Cross sectional, Ordinary Least Squares regression analyses using robust standard errors are conducted using large samples of cities characterized by varying degrees of youths’ differential institutional engagement for the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. The concept is operationalized with the percent of the population enrolled in college and the percent of 16–19 year olds who are simultaneously not enrolled in school, not in the labor market (not in the labor force or unemployed), and not in the military. Consistent and invariant results emerged. Positive effects of age structure on homicide rates are found in cities that have high percentages of disengaged youth and negative effects are found among cities characterized with high percentages of youth participating in mainstream social institutions. This conceptualization of differential institutional engagement explains the discrepant findings in prior studies, and the findings demonstrate the influence of these contextual effects and the nature of the age structure-crime relationship.
Astrovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus in hospitalized children: Prevalence and association with gastroenteritis

ABSTRACTBackgroundAgents of viral gastroenteritis such as astrovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus are common pediatric pathogens accounting for many physician visits, hospital admissions, and nosocomial infections. Previous hospital-based prevalence studies have examined mainly symptomatic children.Pu
Synthesis and enzyme inhibitory activity of the s-nucleoside analogue of the ribitylaminopyrimidine substrate of lumazine synthase and product of riboflavin synthase.

Lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase catalyze the last two steps in the biosynthesis of riboflavin. To obtain structural and mechanistic probes of these two enzymes, as well as inhibitors of potential value as antibiotics, a sulfur analogue of the pyrimidine substrate of the lumazine synthase-catalyzed reaction and product of the riboflavin synthase-catalyzed reaction was designed. Facile syntheses of the S-nucleoside 5-amino-6-(d-ribitylthio)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione hydrochloride (15) and its nitro precursor 5-nitro-6-(d-ribitylthio)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (14) are described. These compounds were tested against lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase obtained from a variety of microorganisms. Compounds 14 and 15 were found to be inhibitors of both riboflavin synthase and lumazine synthase. Compound 14 is an inhibitor of Bacillus subtilis lumazine synthase (Ki 26 μM), Schizosaccharomyces pombe lumazine synthase (Ki 2.0 μM), Mycobacterium tuberculosis lumazine synthase (Ki 11 μM), Escherichia...
Experimental evidence quantifying the role of benthic invertebrates in organic matter dynamics of headwater streams

SUMMARY. 1. The insecticide methoxychlor was applied seasonally to one of three small headwater streams in the southern Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina, U.S.A. The initial application caused massive invertebrate drift (>1,000,000 organisms/week) and resulted in a community with few shredders and reduced abundances of most insect taxa. 2. Bacterial densities and microbial respiration rates were not affected by treatment. 3. Disruption of the invertebrate community resulted in significant reductions in leaf litter processing rates (50–74% reduction depending on leaf species) and in the amount of leaf litter processed annually (reduction of 25–28%). 4. Reductions in leaf litter processing rates resulted in significant reductions in fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) export. Declines in both concentration and total export were detectable within 1 week of treatment. Annual FPOM export was reduced to 33% of pretreatment levels. Alteration to the invertebrate community had a much greater effect on FPOM export than a severe (50–200 year) drought. 6. Course particulate organic matter (CPOM) export was not significantly influenced by treatment but was influenced by hydrologic differences among years.
The effect of anemia on porphyrin synthesis in mouse liver

Abstract The synthesis of porphyrins from ALA by liver homogenates from congenitally anemic ( W v W v ) mice and from wild-type (+/+) mice with phenylhydrazine-induced anemia is enhanced. Hepatic ALA synthetase activity in W v W v and +/+ mice is the same. The bearing of these findings on the regulation of heme synthesis is discussed.
Comparative fecal metagenomics unveils unique functional capacity of the swine gut.

Background Uncovering the taxonomic composition and functional capacity within the swine gut microbial consortia is of great importance to animal physiology and health as well as to food and water safety due to the presence of human pathogens in pig feces. Nonetheless, limited information on the functional diversity of the swine gut microbiome is available.
Effects of Scholarly Productivity Expectations on Graduate Training in Clinical Psychology

We consider the potential upsides and downsides to expectations for high levels of scholarly productivity among clinical doctoral students in scientist–practitioner programs. As expectations for students rise, there is the potential for considerable growth as scholars. At the same time, there is the risk that an implicit emphasis on quantity of published scholarship can detract from other educational experiences that may ultimately enhance the quality of scholarly work. We consider this tension in the context of time management, creativity, motivation, intellectual risk-taking, and developmental timing of opportunities to publish scholarship.
Fully time-resolved near-field scanning optical microscopy fluorescence imaging

Abstract Time-correlated single photon counting has been coupled with near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to record complete fluorescence lifetime decays at each pixel in an NSOM image. The resulting three-dimensional data sets can be binned in the time dimension to create images of photons at particular time delays or images of the fluorescence lifetime. Alternatively, regions of interest identified in the topography and fluorescence images can be used to bin the data in the spatial dimensions resulting in high signal to noise fluorescence decays of particular regions of the sample. The technique has been demonstrated on films of poly(vinylalcohol), doped with the fluorescent dye, cascade blue (CB). The CB segregates into small circular regions of high concentration within the films during the drying process. The lifetime imaging shows that the spots have slightly faster excited state decays due to quenching of the luminescence as a result of the higher concentration. The technique is also used to image the fluorescence lifetime of an annealed film of poly(dihexylfluorene). The samples show high contrast in the total intensity fluorescence image, but the lifetime image reveals the sample to be extremely uniform.
Program package for multicanonical simulations of U(1) lattice gauge theory—Second version

Abstract A new version STMCMUCA_V1_1 of our program package is available. It eliminates compatibility problems of our Fortran 77 code, originally developed for the g77 compiler, with Fortran 90 and 95 compilers. New version program summary Program title: STMC_U1MUCA_v1_1 Catalogue identifier: AEET_v1_1 Licensing provisions: Standard CPC license, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html Programming language: Fortran 77 compatible with Fortran 90 and 95 Computers: Any capable of compiling and executing Fortran code Operating systems: Any capable of compiling and executing Fortran code RAM: 10 MB and up depending on lattice size used No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15059 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 215733 Keywords: Markov chain Monte Carlo, multicanonical, Wang–Landau recursion, Fortran, lattice gauge theory, U(1) gauge group, phase transitions of continuous systems Classification: 11.5 Catalogue identifier of previous version: AEET_v1_0 Journal Reference of previous version: Computer Physics Communications 180 (2009) 2339–2347 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: Efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation of U(1) lattice gauge theory (or other continuous systems) close to its phase transition. Measurements and analysis of the action per plaquette, the specific heat, Polyakov loops and their structure factors. Solution method: Multicanonical simulations with an initial Wang–Landau recursion to determine suitable weight factors. Reweighting to physical values using logarithmic coding and calculating jackknife error bars. Reasons for the new version: The previous version was developed for the g77 compiler Fortran 77 version. Compiler errors were encountered with Fortran 90 and Fortran 95 compilers (specified below). Summary of revisions: epsilon=one/10**10 is replaced by epsilon/10.0D10 in the parameter statements of the subroutines u1_bmha.f, u1_mucabmha.f, u1wl_backup.f, u1wlread_backup.f of the folder Libs/U1_par. For the tested compilers script files are added in the folder ExampleRuns and readme.txt files are now provided in all subfolders of ExampleRuns. The gnuplot driver files produced by the routine hist_gnu.f of Libs/Fortran are adapted to syntax required by gnuplot version 4.0 and higher. Restrictions: Due to the use of explicit real*8 initialization the conversion into real*4 will require extra changes besides replacing the implicit.sta file by its real*4 version. Unusual features: The programs have to be compiled the script files like those contained in the folder ExampleRuns as explained in the original paper. Running time: The prepared test runs took up to 74 minutes to execute on a 2 GHz PC.
Effects of lectins on cAMP production and steroidogenesis in cultured adrenal tumor cells

Abstract The plant lectins, concanavalin A (conA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulate steroidogenesis in cultured adrenal tumor cells. ConA maximally stimulated steroidogenesis at 100 μg/ml following an approximate 4 h lag phase. ConA stimulation was completely inhibited by α-methyl- d -mannopyranoside and the WGA effect was prevented by N-acetyl- d -glucosamine. It was also found that conA alone did not cause a measurable increase in either intra- or extracellular cyclic adenosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cAMP) production. In addition, conA when added simultaneously with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) doubled the intra- and extracellular cAMP production over controls treated with ACTH alone. This enhancement effect was dose dependent. When Y-1 cells were preincubated with conA and then treated with either ACTH or cholera enterotoxin (CT) there was a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of induced cAMP production. In the case of CT, the inhibitory effect occurred even with simultaneous addition of conA and CT. This effect was reversed by addition of both α-methyl- d -mannopyranoside and washing with Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) 1 h after CT had bound to its receptor. This reversal was not apparent for the inhibitory effect of conA on ACTH-induced cAMP production which occurred after 2 h of preincubation with conA. These results demonstrate that conA, as well as the other plant lectins, interact with specific membrane receptors to reversibly stimulate steroid production as well as enhancing or inhibiting ligand-induced cAMP production in cultured adrenal tumor cells.
What's Wrong with Using Grade-Equivalent Scores to Identify LD Children?.

A parent reports to another parent, "I just had Johnny tested. He's reading at the 11th grade level even though he's in fifth grade!" Or "I'm desperate. Billy should be in an LD class! He's in the ...
Leukemogenic Effect of Myleran on the Mouse Thymus

SummaryMyleran given before or after whole-body X-irradiation increased the incidence of thymic lymphomas and decreased the incidence of myeloid leukemias in male mice of the RF strain. The magnitude of these effects varied, depending on the time Myleran was administered in relation to irradiation. Effects were greatest when Myleran was given 15 days before exposure to X rays.These results are paradoxical in view of the myelotoxic action of Myleran and attest further to the complexity of factors influencing susceptibility to radiogenic leukemia.
Waterfowl Conservation in the US Prairie Pothole Region: Confronting the Complexities of Climate Change

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is the most important waterfowl production area in North America. However, waterfowl populations there are predicted to decline because of climate-related drying of wetlands. Consequently, changes in the geographic focus of PPR waterfowl conservation have been recommended, which could have long-lasting and costly impacts. We used a 40-year dataset of pond counts collected in the PPR to test hypotheses about climate-related drying. We assessed May (1974–2013) and July (1974–2003) pond numbers in 20 waterfowl survey strata to determine if trends in pond numbers were consistent with predictions of drying. We also assessed trends in precipitation and temperature for the 20 strata and developed models describing May pond numbers from 1974 through 2010 as a function of precipitation, temperature, the previous year’s pond numbers, and location. None of the 20 strata showed significant declines in May pond numbers, although seven strata showed increases over time. July pond numbers declined significantly in one stratum, and increased in seven strata. An index to hydroperiod showed significant increasing trends in three strata, and no strata had decreasing trends. Precipitation increased significantly in two strata and decreased in two from 1974 to 2010; no strata showed significant changes in temperature. The best linear model described pond numbers within all strata as a function of precipitation, temperature, the previous year’s pond numbers, and the latitude and longitude of the stratum, and explained 62% of annual variation in pond numbers. We hypothesize that direct effects of climate change on prairie pothole wetlands and waterfowl may be overshadowed by indirect effects such as intensified land use and increased pressure to drain wetlands. We recommend that an adaptive, data-driven approach be used to resolve uncertainties regarding direct and indirect effects of climate change on prairie wetlands and waterfowl, and guide future conservation efforts.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF GERMINAL CENTER CELLS IN MOUSE SPLEEN

The fine structure of tritiated thymidine-labeled cells in antigen-stimulated mouse spleen germinal centers is described. In studies on the ultrastructural level, two labeled cell types found in germinal centers are observed. Large lymphocytes are characterized by their very numerous free ribosomes, a paucity of endoplasmic reticulum, relatively few mitochondria, and a poorly developed Golgi region. The nuclei are large and vesicular, and large nucleoli are present. A second labeled cell type appears to contain more mitochondria and has a higher development of the Golgi area. The nucleus contains large, numerous blocks of chromatin, indicative of a more differentiated cell type. Reticular cells, both phagocytic and non-phagocytic, were not observed to be labeled in the germinal centers.
Neurofibromatosis of the larynx causing stridor and sleep apnea

Abstract Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 can rarely present in the larynx. Patients typically do not present with complete obstructive symptoms, but partial obstruction and stridor. We review our health centers’ case series of two patients, the first of whom presented with persistent sleep apnea post tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, and the second who presented with noisy breathing. Additionally, we will review the literature on the management and treatment options for children with this rare clinical entity. Methods Retrospective case review. Case report & results A two-year old male underwent a sleep endoscopy following persistent evidence of obstructive sleep apnea on polysomnography after initial tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Family elicited concerns about noisy breathing at night and an accompanying video documented stridor while sleeping during the monitored polysomnography. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy in the operating room revealed what appeared to be a cystic mass along the right aryepiglottic fold causing deviation of the laryngeal introitus towards the contralateral side. Subsequent direct laryngoscopy and excisional biopsy revealed pathology results consistent with a plexiform neurofibroma. A six-month-old patient with stertor and stridor was found to have a laryngeal mass, subglottic stensosis, and progressive airway obstruction due to plexiform neurofirboma in the supraglottis, subglottis, and trachea. We present a series of two patients incidentally diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 by way of a laryngeal neurofibroma and review the literature on management options. Both patients were found to have accompanying cafe au lait spots. Both patients required tracheostomy for airway management, and one was successfully decannulated. Conclusion Laryngeal neurofibroma is a rare anomaly that can manifest with airway obstruction. Both patients presented here subsequently were noted to have cafe au lait spots on physical examination. The Otolaryngologist should be reminded of this anomaly when evaluating a child with evidence of a submucosal laryngeal mass. We present our series including that of a patient whose diagnosis was prompted by persistent sleep apnea following adenotonsillectomy tonsillectomy and a patient with airway obstruction and subglottic stenosis due to a neurofibroma. The treatment of choice is complete excision of the neurofibroma while maintaining functionality of the larynx. This can lead to successful decannulation.
Virologic studies on rheumatoid arthritis.

A search for viral agents associated with rheumatoid arthritis was made using cell lines derived from 64 joint fluids and 41 tissue biopsies (including 29 synovia, 10 rheumatoid nodules, and 2 rheumatoid cartilage). Virus recovery was attempted using a variety of techniques including cell fusion. No viruses were isolated nor were significant patterns of antiviral antibodies found in sera from patients with arthritis. Using seven different viruses, including rubella and Newcastle disease virus, the viral susceptibility of cell lines derived from rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid patients was compared; there was no evidence of significant differences.
Number of people and number of generations affected by a single deleterious mutation

Abstract A deleterious autosomal dominant or X-linked mutation persists for only a finite number of generations and affects only a finite number of people. The purpose of this paper is to determine the distributions of the time to extinction and of the total number of people who eventually carry the mutant gene. The theory of subcritical branching processes forms the framework for our investigation. Autosomal mutations can be treated using single type branching processes and X-linked mutations using two-type branching processes. Application is made to Huntington's chorea and Becker's muscular dystrophy.
Review of Skin Friction Measurements Including Recent High-Reynolds Number Results from NASA Langley NTF

This paper reviews flat plate skin friction data from early correlations of drag on plates in water to measurements in the cryogenic environment of The NASA Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) in late 1996. The flat plate (zero pressure gradient with negligible surface curvature) incompressible skin friction at high Reynolds numbers is emphasized in this paper, due to its importance in assessing the accuracy of measurements, and as being important to the aerodynamics of large scale vehicles. A correlation of zero pressure gradient skin friction data minimizing extraneous effects between tests is often used as the first step in the calculation of skin friction in complex flows. Early data compiled by Schoenherr for a range of momentum thickness Reynolds numbers, R(sub Theta) from 860 to 370,000 contained large scatter, but has proved surprisingly accurate in its correlated form. Subsequent measurements in wind tunnels under more carefully controlled conditions have provided inputs to this database, usually to a maximum R(sub Theta) of about 40,000. Data on a large axisymmetric model in the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility extends the upper limit in incompressible R(sub Theta) to 619,800 using the van Driest transformation. Previous data, test techniques, and error sources ar discussed, and the NTF data will be discussed in detail. The NTF Preston tube and Clauser inferred data accuracy is estimated to be within -2 percent of a power-law curve fit, and falls above the Spalding theory by 1 percent at R(sub Theta) of about 600,000.
Economic growth and the chemical industry

Abstract Developments in economics since the later 1950s have increased our knowledge of what makes for the growth of industrial societies. The paper traces this evolution. It has become evident that competition among nations, industries, and firms is increasingly on a global basis. As opposed to the days of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, and David Ricardo's work, comparative advantage has become a dynamic affair and is no longer primarily based on resource advantages. As a result, such comparative advantage shifts from place to place and from time to time. This process is illustrated by the history of the chemical industry since the 1850s. The lessons learned from this first science-based industry may be generalized to other industries and finally to policies that the government can follow to sustain and improve the growth rate and standard of living of this country.