cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[32P]orthophosphate and [35S]methionine label separate pools of neurofilaments with markedly different axonal transport kinetics in mouse retinal ganglion cells in vivo.

Newly synthesized neurofilament proteins become highly phosphorylated within axons. Within 2 days after intravitreously injecting normal adult mice with [32P]orthophosphate, we observed that neurofilaments along the entire length of optic axons were radiolabeled by a soluble32P-carrier that was axonally transported faster than neurofilaments.32P-incorporation into neurofilament proteins synthesized at the time of injection was comparatively low and minimally influenced the labeling pattern along axons.32P-incorporation into axonal neurofilaments was considerably higher in the middle region of the optic axons. This characteristic non-uniform distribution of radiolabel remained nearly unchanged for at least 22 days. During this interval, less than 10% of the total32P-labeled neurofilaments redistributed from the optic nerve to the optic tract. By contrast, newly synthesized neurofilaments were selectively pulse-labeled in ganglion cell bodies by intravitreous injection of [35S]methionine and about 60% of this pool translocated by slow axoplasmic transport to the optic tract during the same time interval. These findings indicate that the steady-state or resident pool of neurofilaments in axons is not identical to the newly synthesized neurofilament pool, the major portion of which moves at the slowest rate of axoplasmic transport. Taken together with earlier studies, these results support the idea that, depending in part on their phosphorylation state, transported neurofilaments can interact for short or very long periods with a stationary but dynamic neurofilament lattice in axons.
DIY-IT: an empirical study of website development staffing by non-profit organizations

Scholars have extensively examined the role of information technology workers through the prism of the corporate world, a viewpoint open to bias tending toward constructs that deal exclusively with professional IT workers. The purpose of this study is to investigate a significant area that has been under explored, namely, the use of non-traditional or "do-it-yourself IT" workers, and to explore the possibility that with the advent of more user-friendly and ubiquitous IT productivity tools, the use of non-professional IT staff, or "DIY-IT," is becoming an attractive and viable option, particularly for non-profit organizations and small businesses. This study will examine the impact of web design software products and cost-effective hosting solutions on website development and website maintenance staffing by non-profit arts organizations and by small businesses. A hypothesis is that in the non-profit world, DIY-IT is performed by volunteers and by paid employees who are not primarily IT workers and whose primary job descriptions focuses on broader tasks. In small businesses, it is hypothesized that DIY-IT is performed by staff who are not primarily IT workers. The extent of DIY-IT is of interest, as well as its impact, i.e., are organizations more satisfied with their websites when professional IT personnel are involved, how does the degree of sophistication vary as a function of the type of IT staffing, can the value of professional IT personnel be quantified, and are there circumstances when DIY-IT is more appropriate in fulfilling the needs of the organization? As this research progresses, a goal is to develop a model that can be generally applied to IT staffing by non-profit organizations and small businesses.
Development, fabrication, and metrology of the electro-optical breadboard model for the reflection grating array of the XMM Grating Spectrometer

A prototype array consisting of eight diffraction gratings has been fabricated for the XMM Reflection Grating Spectrometer. A component of the full spectrometer is an array of approximately 200 diffraction gratings. The diffraction gratings were produced using lightweight silicon carbide substrates and a replication technique. The prototype array was developed and assembled using the same tolerances as the flight arrays which have typical tolerances of 3 micrometers in translation and sub-arc seconds in rotation. The metrology applied during inspection and assembly included precision linear measurements, full aperture figure measurements, and angular interferometry.
Data-driven partially observable dynamic processes using adaptive dynamic programming

Adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) has been widely recognized as one of the “core methodologies” to achieve optimal control for intelligent systems in Markov decision process (MDP). Generally, ADP control design requires all the information of the system dynamics. However, in many practical situations, the measured input and output data can only represent part of the system states. This means the complete information of the system cannot be available in many real-world cases, which narrows the range of application of the ADP design. In this paper, we propose a data-driven ADP method to stabilize the system with partially observable dynamics based on neural network techniques. A state network is integrated into the typical actor-critic architecture to provide an estimated state from the measured input/output sequences. The theoretical analysis and the stability discussion of this data-driven ADP method are also provided. Two examples are studied to verify our proposed method.
Venoarterial pulsatile circulatory assist in the treatment of resistant ventricular fibrillation

Abstract Ninety-six percent successful resuscitation was achieved after circulatory support in 25 dogs with resistant ventricular fibrillation; in 17 of these the fibrillation was induced by coronary occlusion. When arterial-coronary sinus lactate differences were studied, a negative balance of lactate was found during ventricular fibrillation. Circulatory assist was able to provide a positive lactate balance, suggesting improvement of altered metabolic pathways in the myocardium. Since cardiac arrest secondary to myocardial infarction induces hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances similar to those presented in this experimental model, this study provides evidence of the value of circulatory assist to enhance defibrillation when refractory cardiac arrest is present.
Maturation of the contractile response of the Emu ductus arteriosus

The avian embryo has a pair of ductus arteriosi that allow the blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation prior to the initiation of lung ventilation. Our objective was to characterize the factors regulating DA tone during the later stages of development in the emu embryo. We examined in vitro the reactivity of the emu ductus from day 39 through 49 of a 50-day incubation. Steady state tension was not altered by the COX inhibitor indomethacin or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME. However, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced a significant relaxation. Norephinephrine and U-46619 produced strong significant contractions in the emu DA and the adrenergic response matured with development. The contractile response to oxygen matured as the embryo developed with significant oxygen-induced contraction on days 45 and 49, but not on day 39 of incubation. The Kv channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine induced the contraction of the day 48–49 ductus of similar magnitude as the oxygen-induced contraction. The oxygen-induced contraction was reversed by the reducing agent DTT and the electron transport chain inhibitor rotenone. These results suggest that while the emu DA responds to PGE2, locally produced PGE2 are not the important regulators of vessel tone. Additionally, relaxation upon addition of the mitochondria electron transport chain inhibitor rotenone suggests that the mitochondria might be acting as vascular oxygen sensors in this system through the production of reactive oxygen species to stimulate the oxygen-induced contraction in a similar fashion to mammals.
Osteopenia of Prematurity

INTRODUCITON . 169 CLINICAL CASES ......... . 170 INCIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . •. 173 PATHOPHYSIOLOGy 173 DIAGNOSIS ...... . 176 TREATMENT/OUTCOME 180
Horizontal distribution of adult Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to habitat structure, oviposition, and other mosquito species.

A total of 3734 female and 4004 male Aedes triseriatus from the WALTON laboratory strain were marked and released into a 4.6-ha oak-maple Woodlot in northern Indiana, USA. Through aspiration sampling, 5.9% of the marked female and 4.7% of the marked male mosquitoes were recaptured over a 40-day period. Daily survivorship of released Ae. triseriatus was 0.80 for females and 0.81 for males. The distribution of marked mosquitoes was highly correlated with the distribution of the natural population of Ae. triseriatus . The distribution of 13,311 eggs collected from ovitraps was not significantly correlated with either the distribution of marked females or with the natural population of female Ae. triseriatus . Significant positive correlations were found between the resting distributions of most mosquito species. Most species were highly aggregated in a relatively small area of the woodlot that contained dense ground cover. The distribution of oviposition by Ae. triseriatus was not correlated with any of the 8 habitat variables measured.
40Gbps links using plastic optical fiber

We demonstrate that plastic optical fiber can support 40 Gbps for short link lengths ~200 m links via DMD and impulse measurements. Further, we report BER and eye measurements for 10, 20 and 30 Gbps POF links confirming the DMD results.
EDITORIAL COMMENT: GUEST EDITORIAL THE RHETORIC OF WHOLE LANGUAGE: PART ONE

(1992). EDITORIAL COMMENT: GUEST EDITORIAL THE RHETORIC OF WHOLE LANGUAGE: PART ONE. Reading Psychology: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 3-15.
Field ion microscopy investigations of grain boundary topography

Abstract Field ion microscopy in conjunction with computer graphics has been used to study the topography of a number of grain boundaries. Nearly all of the boundaries observed showed a tendency toward the existence of relatively wide expanses of planar regions. In some cases, hills connecting planar regions appeared. Also, in some cases, small ridges, valleys, pits, and protrusions were superimposed on the planar regions. In at least one case the ridge-valley structure seemed to be periodic. Stereographic pole plots were also obtained for each boundary. These confirmed the tendency toward planarity, in that clustering of poles about particular orientations occurred. The characteristics observed were analysed in terms of lattice coincidence at the boundary. It was found that in three out of four cases examined there was correlation with the coincidence model. In the fourth case the boundary planes were planes of low coincidence and were low-index planes in the crystal lattice.
Design of an MRI compatible haptic interface

This paper proposes an MRI-compatible, 1-axis force sensing unit which is designed to be used as a haptic interface on an MRI compatible robot. Recently, it became a popular research direction to enable MRI in surgical operations and brain studies with the help of robotic devices. However, due to high magnetic field in MRI environment, conventional sensors and robots cannot be used in MRI rooms. Existing MRI-compatible force sensors have limited number of degrees of freedom or they do not offer compact solutions for multiple-axis sensing. In this paper, a compact 1-axis force sensing unit which employs a compliant displacement amplification mechanism is introduced and then analyzed for better sensitivity and accuracy. A combination of multiple proposed sensing units can be assembled to have a force sensor with desired number of degrees of freedom. Prototypes made of delrin and ABS-plastic are tested. Experiments indicated that the proposed sensor is suitable for force sensing and fully compatible to MRI. Also, the sensor made of delrin is superior in mechanical performance and MRI compatibility to ABS-plastic sample.
Integration in the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses integration in the central nervous system. The nervous system deals with time-varying signals, picked up by a wide variety of receptors. Each of these receptors modifies the signal that it receives from the external or internal environment of the animal. Consequently, the central nervous system, provided only with information reaching the receptors, must operate on this information in a form modified by the receptors. In many of these receptors, signals from the central nervous system adjust the rules by which the receptor modifies the signal from the environmental signal. Thus, the function of the central nervous system cannot be isolated from the function of the receptors. For survival value, the information in the nervous system becomes important only when it causes a change in the relationship between the animal and some part of its environment. This chapter discusses a set of important principles of information processing in the nervous system that are derived from, or at least strongly suggested by, the mass of details available in the neurophysiological literature. The chapter discusses the handling of single signals and also describes the capability of a network of simple elements .
Follicular fluid stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in vitro.

Follicular fluid from porcine antral follicles stimulates progesterone secretion by porcine granulosa cells from small antral follicles in vitro. Fluid from large (6-12 mm) follicles has more stimulatory activity than fluid from smaller follicles. In this study, we have examined the action of charcoal-treated and filtered follicular fluid on 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity (3f3-HSD) and the ability of exogenous pregnenolone to increase progesterone secretion. Granulosa cells cultured with 30% follicular fluid in TC 199 (v/v) for 3 days were less dependent on the presence of exogenous pregnenolone to enhance their progesterone secretion and exhibited more 3j3-HSD activity than control cells incubated in 30% serum in TC 199. The apparent Vmax of 3a-HSD was increased 80% in follicular fluid-treated cells over that observed in controls (4.8 vs. 2.6 nM/min/100 mg protein) whereas the apparent Kms for 313-HSD were similar (1.3 ± 0.34 pM) in both experimental and control cells.
Design rule optimization of regular layout for leakage reduction in nanoscale design

The effect of non-rectilinear gate (NRG) due to sub-wavelength lithograph dramatically increases the leakage current by more than 15X. To mitigate this penalty, we have developed a systematic procedure to optimize key layout parameters in regular layout with minimum area and speed overhead. As demonstrated in 65 nm technology, the optimization of regular layout achieves more than 70% reduction in leakage under NRG, with area penalty of ~10% and marginal impact on circuit speed and active power.
Self-stabilizing running

Legged robots can sustain stable dynamic locomotion without sensors or feedback. It is possible to construct a running robot that is inherently stable and needs no sensing to reject minor perturbations; it is therefore self-stabilizing. In contrast, most previous attempts to make robots run have used active, high bandwidth feedback control systems. We use a simplified monopod to give an understandable reason why self-stabilizing running should be possible. Physically realistic simulations running with one, two, or four legs demonstrate self-stabilizing running, as does a physical monopod robot.
"Feeling the RAGE" in the atherosclerotic vessel wall.

Molecular imaging can be broadly defined as the in vivo characterization and measurement of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level.1 In this context, the noninvasive detection of molecular signatures of disease entities using molecular imaging holds great promise for the development of personalized medicine and drug development.2,3 One of the first clinically validated and useful tomographic molecular imaging techniques was implemented in the field of oncology, with the use of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) and, more recently, that of FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) in cancer diagnosis and management. Although traditionally the primary focus has been on cancer biology, molecular imaging techniques have been expanded into the field of cardiovascular disease for a wide variety of clinically important entities.4 Especially, the molecular imaging of atherosclerosis has gained much attention. Article see p 212 One major focus of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis is the detection of vessel wall inflammation and associated atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Conventional imaging modalities, such as x-ray angiography, can precisely define the artery lumen but do not provide any additional information about plaque composition or its grade of inflammation and associated risk of rupture. The accurate determination of the plaque inflammatory state might permit more precise patient risk stratification, better monitoring of therapy response, and rapid evaluation of novel therapeutic drugs by serial imaging. Historically, radionuclide conjugated antibodies were one of the earliest methods applied for the detection of …
Suicide in later life: psychological autopsy findings

The authors report preliminary data from a psychological autopsy study of completed suicide in late life. Sixteen of 18 victims had diagnosable psychopathology, most commonly major depression of late onset. Symptoms manifest prior to death are described and directions for future investigation discussed. The psychological autopsy is shown to be a viable method for studying suicide in the elderly.
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum:

Infection by Plasmodium falciparum is the leading cause of malaria in humans. The parasite contains a unique and essential plastid-like organelle called the apicoplast that, similar to the mitochondria and chloroplast, houses its own genome that must undergo replication and repair. The putative apicoplast replicative DNA polymerase, POM1, has no direct orthologs in mammals, making the P. falciparum POM1 an attractive antimalarial drug target. Here, we report on a fluorescent high-throughput DNA polymerase assay that relies on the ability of POM1 to perform strand-displacement synthesis through the stem of a DNA hairpin substrate, thereby separating a Cy3 dye from a quencher. Assay-validation experiments were performed using 384-well plates and resulted in a signal window of 7.90 and aZ' factor of 0.71. A pilot screen of a 2880-compound library identified 62 possible inhibitors that cause more than 50% inhibition of polymerase activity. The simplicity and statistical robustness of the assay suggest it is well suited for the screening of novel apicoplast polymerase inhibitors that may serve as lead compounds in antimalarial drug-discovery efforts.
The Re-Emergence of Critical Pedagogy: A Three-Dimensional Framework for Teacher Education in the Age of Teacher Effectiveness

In light of the extensive treatment given over its thirty year existence, this article develops a framework for helping teachers understand the applicability and relevance of critical pedagogy in the classroom during this age of effectiveness and standardization. To do this, critical pedagogy is theoretically framed three-dimensionally. The purpose is to help teachers think through critical pedagogy in a way that might encourage them to analyze their own practices and thus create and enact critical pedagogies that are uniquely their own. The first dimension pertains to its contested terrain. An understanding of critical pedagogy must begin with a disclaimer. This disclaimer suggests that though there are common objectives, there are key points of contestation. The second dimension, then, seeks to find the common ground. This dimension focuses on the commitments of critical pedagogy, and thus, the commitments of those who might try. Lastly, critical pedagogy impels teachers to use their classrooms to make life more humane. To aid in this task, teachers engaging in critical pedagogics take certainphilosophical positions, the third dimension of critical pedagogy.
Dry (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite in the Earth's lower mantle

Combined synthesis experiments and first-principles calculations show that MgSiO3-perovskite with minor Al or Fe does not incorporate significant OH under lower mantle conditions. Perovskite, stishovite, and residual melt were synthesized from natural Bamble enstatite samples (Mg/(Fe + Mg) = 0.89 and 0.93; Al2O3 < 0.1 wt % with 35 and 2065 ppm weight H2O, respectively) in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell at 1600–2000 K and 25–65 GPa. Combined Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrates little difference in the resulting perovskite as a function of initial water content. Four distinct OH vibrational stretching bands are evident upon cooling below 100 K (3576, 3378, 3274, and 3078 cm−1), suggesting four potential bonding sites for OH in perovskite with a maximum water content of 220 ppm weight H2O, and likely no more than 10 ppm weight H2O. Complementary, Fe-free, first-principles calculations predict multiple potential bonding sites for hydrogen in perovskite, each with significant solution enthalpy (0.2 eV/defect). We calculate that perovskite can dissolve less than 37 ppm weight H2O (400 ppm H/Si) at the top of the lower mantle, decreasing to 31 ppm weight H2O (340 ppm H/Si) at 125 GPa and 3000 K in the absence of a melt or fluid phase. We propose that these results resolve a long-standing debate of the perovskite melting curve and explain the order-of-magnitude increase in viscosity from upper to lower mantle.
The big pileup

Programmers no longer write monolithic applications, they assemble code from a sea of reusable libraries and frameworks. This layered process of construction has a magnifying effect on local coding decisions. Piece by innocent piece, seemingly harmless constant factors pile up. They become part of an interstitial excess, marbled throughout the code and APIs, and difficult to remove. It is not uncommon for large applications to miss their performance targets by an order of magnitude. We commonly see web requests create objects and invoke methods by the hundreds of thousands to retrieve and format a few database records. Current Java optimizers and garbage collectors don't address many of these systemic problems. This talk discusses these issues, via many examples, with a goal of motivating research on the programming of large-scale artifacts in a way that local, often ad hoc, decisions can be unwound, rather then pile up, in the large.
The PEIN in Spain: Telecommunications and Government Policy

The process of forming a national policy and the projects subsequently approved under that policy bad less to do with “decreasing foreign dependency and more to do with which groups would benefit most from the infomation technology ‘bandwagon.’”
Catches of Larval Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus Mordax) and Alewife (Alosa Pseudoharengus) in Plankton Nets of Different Mesh Sizes

Four 0.5-m plankton nets (one each of 0.355-, 0.450-, 0.560-, and 0.750-mm mesh) were used to collect larvae of the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in northwestern Lake Huron and the St. Marys River. The number of larvae collected varied inversely with mesh size and the average length of larvae varied directly with mesh size. Numbers of each species caught in 0.355- and 0.450-mm mesh nets were significantly greater (P < 0.01) than the numbers caught in 0.560- and 0.750-mm mesh nets. Numbers of alewives caught were significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the 0.355- than in the 0.450-mm mesh, but numbers of rainbow smelt caught in the two meshes were about equal. Between the two larger-mesh nets, numbers of each species caught did not differ significantly. Nets with mesh larger than 0.355 mm were less effective at catching recently hatched larvae, and this reduced effectiveness accounted wholly for the smaller numbers caught in the 0.450-mm mesh net. Smaller numbers were caught in the 0.560- and 0.750-mm mesh nets not only because they caught fewer recently hatched larvae but also because they failed to retain older, larger larvae. Information on the effect of mesh size and towing speed on catches of larvae is important for making accurate estimates of larval densities.
Fatal Recall Responses Mediated by CD8 T cells during Intracellular Bacterial Challenge Infection

The roles(s) of CD8 T cells during infections by intracellular bacteria that reside in host cell endocytic compartments are not well understood. Our previous studies in a mouse model of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis indicated that CD8 T cells are not essential for immunity. However, we have observed an unexpected role for these cells during challenge infection. Although immunocompetent mice cleared a primary low-dose (nonfatal) Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia infection, a secondary low-dose challenge infection resulted in fatal disease and loss of control of infection. The outcome was CD8-dependent, because CD8-deficient mice survived secondary low-dose challenge infection. Moreover, effector and/or memory phenotype CD8 T cells were responsible, because adoptive transfer of purified CD44high CD8 T cells to naive mice induced fatal responses following a primary low-dose infection. The fatal responses were perforin- and Fas ligand-independent, and were associated with high serum concentrations of TNF-α and CCL2, and low levels of IL-10. Accordingly, blockade of either TNF-α or CCL2 ameliorated fatal recall responses, and in vitro coculture of memory CD8 T cells and Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia-infected peritoneal exudate cells resulted in substantial increases in TNF-α and CCL2. Thus, during monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, inflammatory cytokine production, by CD8 T cells and/or other host cells, can trigger chemokine-dependent disease. These findings highlight a novel role for CD8 T cells, and reveal that live vaccines for intracellular bacteria can, under some conditions, induce undesirable consequences.
Evaluating Software Safety Standards: A Systematic Review and Comparison

Software safety standards are commonly used to guide the development of safety-critical software systems. However, given the existence of multiple competing standards, it is critical to select the most appropriate one for a given project. We have developed a set of 15 criteria to evaluate each standard in terms of its usage, strengths, and limitations. Five standards are studied, including a NASA Software Safety Standard, an FAA System Safety Handbook, MIL-STD-882D (US Department of Defense), DEF-STAN 00-56 (UK Ministry of Defense), and DO-178B (Commercial avionics). Results of our evaluation suggest that different standards score differently with respect to each evaluation criterion. No standard performs better than others on all the criteria. The lessons learned from software-related accidents in which the standards were involved provide further insights on the pros and cons of using each standard.
PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC DEMAND MODELS AND FRAGILITY ESTIMATES FOR RC BRIDGES

A Bayesian methodology to construct probabilistic seismic demand models for the components of a structural system is developed. Existing deterministic models and observational data are used. The demand models are combined with previously developed capacity models for reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns to estimate the seismic fragilities of bridge components and systems. The approach properly accounts for all relevant uncertainties, including model error. Application to two bridge examples typical of modern California practice is presented.
Nutrition and Metabolic Support Recommendations for the Bariatric Patient

Managing the metabolic needs of the patient with obesity is a challenge unto itself without the added demands of accounting for an altered gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, with about 200,000 bariatric procedures being performed annually in the United States, clinicians must be prepared to manage the critically ill bariatric surgery patient. This article reviews the recent literature relating to nutrient needs and metabolic support for the bariatric patient. Bariatric patients are at risk for several micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamins D and B₁₂, calcium, and iron; some bariatric procedures affect macronutrient needs as well. Literature on nutrition support guidelines for the bariatric population is limited. However, with an understanding of the anatomical and physiological effects of bariatric surgery, recent guidelines for critically ill patients with obesity can be applied to the bariatric surgery population. The unique needs of the bariatric population, such as susceptibility to micronutrient deficiencies and specialized access routes, must be considered to provide safe and efficacious nutrition support. Further research is necessary to develop specific nutrition support recommendations for the bariatric population.
Regionalization of snowfall frequency and trends over the contiguous United States

This study examines the regional variations in the frequency of snowfall across the conterminous United States from 1930 to 2007. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis are used to group stations together based on the main modes of variation in snowfall frequency. Results indicate the existence of seven unique snowfall regions, which correspond to predominant storm tracks across the United States. These are the southeast, the south central Plains and southwest, the Ohio River Valley and mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and three sub-regions in the Upper-Midwest. Quantile regression reveals that the distribution functions of each region's snowfall frequency are different and in some regions, changing over time. The northern part of the Upper-Midwest is experiencing increasing trends in all percentiles of snowfall frequencies, the Pacific northwest is experiencing declines in greater than median snowfall frequencies, and the southeast is seeing a decline in extreme frequency years. Correlation analysis between large-scale teleconnection patterns and regionally averaged snowfall frequencies corroborate previous findings and indicate specific forcing mechanisms for snowfall frequency in each region.
Source enumeration of speech mixtures using pitch harmonics

This paper proposes a method to simultaneously estimate the number, pitches, and relative locations of individual speech sources within instantaneous and non-instantaneous linear mixtures containing additive white Gaussian noise. The algorithm makes no assumptions about the number of sources or the number of sensors, and is therefore applicable to over−, under−, and precisely-determined scenarios. The method is hypothesis-based and employs a power-spectrum-based FIR filter derived from probability distributions of speech pitch harmonics. This harmonic windowing function (HWF) dramatically improves time-difference of arrival (TDOA) estimates over standard cross-correlation for low SNR. The pitch estimation component of the algorithm implicitly performs voiced-region detection and does not require prior knowledge about voicing. Cumulative pitch and TDOA estimates from the HWF form the basis for robust source enumeration across a wide range of SNR.
CueVideo: a system for cross-modal search and browse of video databases

The detection and recognition of events is a challenging problem in video databases. It involves cross-linking and combining information available in multiple modalities such as audio, video and associated text metadata. CueVideo is a system designed for the discovery and recognition of specific events called topics of discussion through advanced video summarization and cross-modal indexing. It supports search for relevant video content through several modes of video summarization including storyboards, moving storyboards and time-scale modified audio summarization. It also enables the recognition and indexing of topical events through cross-model search of audio and video content based on text and image queries respectively.
Influence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) on UV absorption by particulate and dissolved organic matter in La Jolla Bay

Experimental work with cultures of the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum suggested mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a component of the organic matter excreted by cells. MAAs in dissolved organic matter (DOM) also may have a large influence on absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light through the water column. To test these hypotheses in a natural setting, data were collected from March 1995 through April 1996 in coastal waters off California, U.S.A. During this time, a large red tide of L. polyedrum occurred in March and April 1995. In this field study, we show that MAAs are a quantifiable component of DOM, particularly during the period following the red tide events. Absorption spectra of particulate organic matter (POM) and DOM samples revealed disproportionately high levels of UV absorption relative to visible wavelengths. UV absorption by POM at 330 nm was linearly related to phytoplankton biomass (between 0–10 µg chlorophyll [Chl] a L−1), measured as Chl a, accounting for 71% of the variability in absorption. Chromatographic analyses revealed the presence of various MAAs in both POM and DOM pools. MAAs were observed in 83% (n = 53) and 47% (n = 13) of the samples analyzed with concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.75 µM (0–696.00 µmol µg−1 Chl a) in the POM and 0 to 111.40 nM in the DOM fraction. Absorption by dissolved MAAs, as calculated from the measured concentrations, correlated with DOM UV absorption (r2 = 0.77) and accounted for up to 10% of the total DOM absorption at 330 nm. Thus, MAAs are a small but quantifiable component of the DOM pool in the field and contribute to UV absorption.
Decentralized formation control via the edge Laplacian

Formation keeping strategies for groups of interconnected agents have recently been of great research interest in the systems community. In this work, we explore the utility of the edge variant of the graph Laplacian in the synthesis of formation keeping control laws. Along the way, we show a general duality relation between networked dynamic systems with measurement restrictions and those with control constraints. In both cases, it is shown that the closed loop error dynamics for the formation reduces to the edge agreement problem- which in turn-can be fully characterized via the spanning trees of the underlying interconnection topology.
Resisting the Event: Aesthetics of the Non-Event in the Contemporary South Asian Novel

This essay interrogates the ways in which contemporary fiction from the subcontinent responds to the evental-turn in Western philosophy, historiography and popular media discourse. Today, this seemingly unanimous and all pervasive fixation with colossal moments – whether they are revolutionary, politically progressive ones or apocalyptic, terroristic ones – grips our collective global imaginary like never before. The post-9/11 context of the war on terror has compelled us all to accept, willy-nilly, the cloying power of event-centric narratives. In this context I study Vikram Chandra's Sacred Games, Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things and Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist to suggest that that contemporary literary experimentations emerging out of South Asia proactively resist the event’s magnetic power to create an inescapable force field that keeps everything constantly aligned in relation to itself.
Seasonality of Large-Scale Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction over the North Pacific

This paper attempts to resolve a long-standing paradox concerning the season-to-season memory of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the North Pacific. Summertime SSTAs are confined to a shallow mixed layer that is obliterated by wind-driven mixing in late autumn or early winter storms. The mixing exposes waters that were last in contact with the surface during the previous spring. Hence, SSTAs at fixed locations exhibit little memory from summer to the next winter. Yet despite this apparent lack of memory, a well-defined pattern of summertime and autumn SSTAs exhibits significant correlations with the sea level pressure field over the North Pacific a season later. It is shown that the dominant mode of SSTA variability over the North Pacific, as inferred from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, exhibits a rather similar spatial structure year-round, with highest amplitude during summer. By means of singular value decomposition analysis, it is shown that this pattern is much more persistent from one season to the next (and particularly from summer to the next winter) than SSTAs at fixed grid points. It is substantially more persistent from one summer to the next than from one winter to the next, reflecting the relatively greater prominence of the interdecadal variability in the summertime SSTAs. The minor differences in the structure of the winter and summer EOFs can be attributed to the coupling with the atmospheric Pacific North American pattern during winter, which induces SSTAs off the west coast of North America opposite in polarity to those in the central and western Pacific.
Resiliency and success in adults with Moebius syndrome.

Abstract Objective: This study asked selected mature individuals with Moebius syndrome to discuss the sources of strength and resiliency that allowed them to achieve professional and personal success. Design: Adults with Moebius syndrome were selected in a nonrandom manner based primarily on their affiliation with the Moebius Syndrome Foundation. Following a letter from the author describing the objective, the subjects were interviewed by telephone and were encouraged to respond at length. Participants: Eighteen adults (aged 29 to 70 years) responded. All were or had been gainfully employed in a variety of professional or vocational positions. Results: The respondents reported the following as major sources of resiliency and success: family support, faith, humor, sense of self, special skills, determination, and networking. Conclusions: The recognition and reinforcement of strengths and resiliences in younger patients may help maximize their professional and personal success as adults.
Molecular imaging: antidote to cardiac stem cell controversy.

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and industrialized countries ([1][1]). In acute myocardial infarction, tissue loss leads to hemodynamic stress followed by compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation ([2][2]). In recent years, several
Predictors for survival of penetrating trauma using emergency department thoracotomy in an Urban Trauma Center: The cardiac instability score

Background Emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) is a procedure used in an attempt to save lives of patients in extremis. This study aims to determine predictors of survival and futility by proposing a scoring scale that measures cardiac instability and its use in predicting survival of victims of penetrating trauma undergoing EDT. Methods This retrospective study analyzes patients who underwent EDT during a 45-month period at Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC. Vital signs and Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) scores were analyzed at the scene and in the emergency department. A cardiac instability score (CIS) was devised to assign values to vital signs, and the GCS was based on scores from the emergency department. Results Emergency department vital signs, female gender, absence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and high CIS were found to be statistically significant predictors of survival. Conclusions The CIS correlated with survival of patients who underwent EDT and was found to be statistically significant in determining the outcome of an EDT.
Convergence Rates of Neumann problems for Stokes Systems

Abstract In quantitative homogenization of the Neumann problems for Stokes systems with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients, this paper studies the convergence rates of the velocity in L 2 and H 1 as well as those of the pressure term in L 2 , without any smoothness assumptions on the coefficients.
Employment Law & Ethics: 7 Things You Need to Know About: Workplace Privacy (Presentation Slides)

These slides cover privacy in the workplace. They cover the ways in which employers monitor employees -- email, phone, video, GPS -- and the laws that protect both parties to the monitoring. These slides look at social media monitoring and emerging threats such as big data aggregation.
[A comparison study on the life expectancy among residents in Fujian province, 1990-2010].

Objective To analyze the change of life expectancy (LE) among residents of Fujian province over the past two decade and to evaluate the impact of age and causes of death on the differences related to LE.Methods Mortality data from Causes of Death Surveillance System of Ministry of Health in Fujian province during 1990-2010 were used to calculate the life expectancy,and Arriaga decomposition method was applied to quantitatively evaluate its changes,based on the age-specific and cause-specific mortality.Results The LE in urban and rural residents of Fujian province had an increase of 5.82 and 11.67 years during the past two decade,respectively,which were higher in urban residents than in rural residents.Although the increment of LE was higher in rural populations than in urban population,the difference of LE between urban and rural was seen narrowed.The contribution rate of children on LE was reducing and the contribution rate of children below 14 years old to LE in rural resident declined from 78.29％ to 31.23％.Middle age and elderly populations had become the major ones that causing the change of LE.The impact of cancer,respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases on LE in urban residents was reducing,while the influence of infectious disease,nervous system disease and cardiac disease was increasing,causing the LE of urban resident increased 1.54,0.67 and 0.49 years,respectively.The impact of respiratory diseases,digestive system diseases,as well as injury and poisoning on LE in the rural residents was reducing,while the effect of cancer,cerebrovascular and cardiac disease increased,causing the LE in the rural resident increased 1.23 years.Different causes of death had different impact on the LE in each age group.Conclusion To reduce the mortality rate in the middle-aged and elderly population and to control the incidence of non-communicable diseases could help to improve the LE in the residents of Fujian province. Key words: Life expectancy; Decomposition of life expectancy; Mortality; Cause of death
The Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program: A History and Overview of the First Projects

In 2009, Congress passed the Forest Landscape Restoration Act, a significant new piece of legislation guiding restoration activities on competitively selected National Forest System lands. The Act established the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP), which solicits collaboratively developed proposals for landscapescale ecological restoration projects that are socially and economically viable. In many ways, the CFLRP reflects a number of longer-term patterns in forest governance that have increasingly emphasized large-scale planning, collaboration, monitoring, and restoration. The program also represents an emerging trend of using competitive processes to allocate funding. We begin by providing an overview of the CFLRP’s primary objectives and requirements and then discuss how this program and the capacity to make it successful have resulted from a number of past policies and initiatives. We then provide an overview of the first 10 funded projects, which we evaluated based on a systematic review of their funding proposals, followed by a closer look at several of the projects. The piece concludes with a discussion of the primary challenges that lie ahead for the program.
The Ultimate Shaygets and the Fiction of Anzia Yezierska

Jewish-American literature has often detailed ways in which the Jew, in an effort to avoid being the victim of anti-Semitism, has tried to assimilate. In works of first generation writers, such as Abraham Cahan's Yekl, a Tale of the New York Ghetto (1896), Mary Antin's The Promised Land (1912), or Anzia Yezierska's "America and I," (1923)1 the protagonists appear to have an obsessive concern with new clothing so that they will look like Americans, rather than fugitives from the shtetlach.2 These same works also make much of the need to learn to speak unaccented English-a skill which would typically be learned by the children of immigrants, if not by the immigrants themselves. But even those who managed to wear fine clothing or speak the English taught in America's best schools and colleges might still suffer the stings of anti-Semitism. Therefore, in Philip Roth's Goodbye Columbus, Brenda Patimkin's nose is bobbed so that her appearance will not reflect her Eastern European Jewish heritage. But perhaps the surest means of transforming the outsider into an insider is through an interfaith liaison, and, therefore, many Jewish American writers have written accounts of Jewish-Gentile love affairs.
When Theory Meets Practice: A New Approach for Teaching Undergraduate Sales Management Courses

Most sales management undergraduate courses teach students about sales management rather than how to successfully manage a sales team. A desire to change this paradigm resulted in a newly designed hands-on, skill-based sales management course that uses business case studies in combination with students developing, practicing, and performing the hard (analytic) and soft (people) skills needed to succeed as sales managers. Results indicate that students learned important competencies related to their ability to calculate and interpret marketing analytics for decision making, as well as in developing effective sales coaching skills.
Atomistic Simulation of Defect Structure in Ternary Intermetallics

Interatomic potentials of the Embedded Atom type were used to study defect structure in ternary intermetallics. Interatomic potentials with appropriate inner consistency were developed for the modeling of ternary systems. Alloys were considered in the Nb-Al-Ti and in the Ni-Al-Ti systems. The stability of ternary phases in these systems was studied, particularly the B2 phase in Nb rich alloys of the Nb-Al-Ti system. The effects of increasing Ti additions in these alloys were studied, as well as the APB energies in these ternary alloys.
Centennial Presidential Address 1983: Realizing Fictions

The proceedings somehow opened. The talking and laughing and shuffling suddenly subsided … a figure rose; she took her way from among us; she mounted a platform; she spoke for precisely five minutes; she descended. Directly she sat down another rose; mounted the platform; spoke for precisely five minutes and descended; then a third rose; then a fourth—and so it went on, speaker following speaker, one from the right, one from the left, one from the middle, one from the background—each took her way to the stand, said what she had to say, and gave place to her successor. … They were like marksmen, I thought, standing up in turn with rifle raised to aim at a target. Sometimes they missed, and there was a roar of laughter; sometimes they hit, and there was a roar of applause. (Woolf 229)