cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome and primary depression.

To evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), we studied three patient groups: a CFS-treatment group (n=22), a primary depression-treatment group (n=20), and a no-treatment control group of subjects with CFS (n=22). For the CFS-treatment group, a trend toward reduced depression-symptom scores was noted, but there were no significant changes in stress-related symptoms or fatigue severity. For the most depressed treated subjects with CFS, significant score reductions were observed in measures of depression, stress, fatigue severity, and fatigue-related thinking. In the depression group, significant reductions in depression, stress, and fatigue severity scores were found
Empirical Tests of Attribute, Social Field, and Status Field Theories on International Relations Data

This paper begins with the assumption that theoretical elaboration and empirical testing must go hand in hand if progress is to be made in the science of international relations. The purpose is to report on the results of testing attribute, social field, and status-field theories, utilizing international relations conflict and cooperation data generated in the early 1 960s.' Rummel has been primarily responsible for the development of the equations which stand behind attribute, social field, and status-field theories. His elaborations can be found in the various DON Research Reports and elsewhere. A concise mathematical treatment of attribute versus social field theory is given in Rummel (1 969a), and the equations of status-field theory may be found in Rummel (1971). A recent application of attribute theory may be found in Vincent (1972a), which
Dissecting Dissent and its Discontents

This review of Antipolitics in Central European Art: Reticence as Dissidence under Post-Totalitarian Rule 1956–1989 by Klara Kemp-Welch situates the book in the existing literature and discussions of post-war unofficial art in Central Europe and assesses the book's significant contributions, which include a transnational approach, an extensive analysis of six oeuvres created by unofficial artists through their socio-political contexts, and a rigorous interpretive framework built around the titular concept of “antipolitics,” which Kemp-Welch borrows from the Hungarian dissident writer Gyorgy Konrad. The review, however, also suggests that applying a framework rooted in the writings of political dissidents to unofficial art risks reducing complex and ambiguous works too much to local politics and thus reinforcing Cold War assumptions about art from the former East.
Alcohol and trauma.

Countermeasures to alcohol-related trauma are essential. The public perception that there is low risk of detection and punishment for alcohol-precipitated violence is being addressed. Current legislation is aimed at decreasing the availability of alcohol (e.g., adjusting legal drinking age, decreasing the serum alcohol intoxication limit, restricting the sale of alcoholic beverages at public events), increasing detection (e.g., greater driver surveillance, increased number of dedicated personnel), strengthening legal penalties for alcohol-related offenses, and mandating rehabilitative therapy. Physicians can intervene in the alcohol-trauma cycle. Unfortunately, they are notably poor in detecting the patient with alcohol-related injury. Moreover, physicians infrequently refer these patients to facilities and personnel that are expert in alcohol detoxification and rehabilitation. Recidivism can be positively impacted by physicians who are sensitive to and versed in the medical and social patterns of alcohol abuse.
Small-Molecule Inhibition of Rho/MKL/SRF Transcription in Prostate Cancer Cells: Modulation of Cell Cycle, ER Stress, and Metastasis Gene Networks

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer deaths and control of gene transcription has emerged as a critical contributing factor. RhoA- and RhoC-induced gene transcription via the actin-regulated transcriptional co-activator megakaryocytic leukemia (MKL) and serum response factor (SRF) drive metastasis in breast cancer and melanoma. We recently identified a compound, CCG-1423, which blocks Rho/MKL/SRF-mediated transcription and inhibits PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasion. Here, we undertook a genome-wide expression study in PC-3 cells to explore the mechanism and function of this compound. There was significant overlap in the genes modulated by CCG-1423 and Latrunculin B (Lat B), which blocks the Rho/MKL/SRF pathway by preventing actin polymerization. In contrast, the general transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-1H-benzimidazole (DRB) showed a markedly different pattern. Effects of CCG-1423 and Lat B on gene expression correlated with literature studies of MKL knock-down. Gene sets involved in DNA synthesis and repair, G1/S transition, and apoptosis were modulated by CCG-1423. It also upregulated genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress. Targets of the known Rho target transcription factor family E2F and genes related to melanoma progression and metastasis were strongly suppressed by CCG-1423. These results confirm the ability of our compound to inhibit expression of numerous Rho/MKL-dependent genes and show effects on stress pathways as well. This suggests a novel approach to targeting aggressive cancers and metastasis.
The Open Approach to Severe Stent Encrustation: A Consecutive Case Series

Urologists rely heavily on indwelling ureteral stents to manage urinary tract obstruction secondary to calculi, malignancy, stricture, congenital anomalies, or edematous response to operative procedures (Borboroglu and Kane, 2000). The use of a ureteral stent is a temporary intervention and requires removal to prevent potential complications. However, patient noncompliance with follow-up may lead to encrustation of the ureteral stent. Given the widespread use of indwelling ureteral stents in urologic practice, the issue of encrustation secondary to a retained stent is a significant clinical challenge.
Use of Comparative Case Study Methodology for US Public Health Policy Analysis: A Review.

Context: There is growing recognition that policies influence population health, highlighting the need for evidence to inform future policy development and reform. Objectives: This review describes how comparative case study methodology has been applied to public health policy research and discusses the methodology's potential to contribute to this evidence. Methods: English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 1995 and 2012 were sought from 4 databases. Articles were included if they described comparative case studies addressing US public health policy. Two researchers independently assessed the 20 articles meeting review criteria. Main Outcome Measures: Case-related characteristics and research design tactics utilized to minimize threats to reliability and validity, such as the use of multiple sources of evidence and a case study protocol, were extracted from each article. Results: Although comparative case study methodology has been used to analyze a range of public health policies at all stages and levels, articles reported an average use of only 3.65 (out of 10) research design tactics. Conclusion: By expanding the use of accepted research design tactics, public health policy researchers can contribute to expanding the evidence needed to advance health-promoting policies.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in the Elderly. Intensive Induction Chemotherapy Improves Survival

Abstract Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in the elderly has poor prognoses and carries inferior results with therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of elderly AML, examine clinical outcomes with treatment and investigate the impact of intensive induction chemotherapy and other variables such as such as age, leucocytoses, cytogenetics and presence of antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD) on survival, in a cohort of elderly patients with AML treated at our institution. Patients and Methods: The retrospective review included all patients (age>59) treated between January 1999 and February 2008. Patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia were excluded. Records were reviewed from time of diagnoses till death or last follow-up. Statistical analyses: Median survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier method and differences in survival between patients treated with intensive chemotherapy and those receiving supportive care were compared using the logrank test which was also used to determine the association between survival and variables such as older age ( 10k), cytogenetics and history of AHD. Results: Study cohort included 51 patients with age>59. This represented 29% of all AML cases (n=176) treated at our institution. 31(60.78%) were males. Mean age was 68.42 years, range (60–82) with 23 (45.10%) being >69 years of age. History of AHD was observed in 15 (29.41%). Results of cytogenetic studies were available for 29(56.86%) patients of which 11(37.93%) had poor risk cytogenetics with the remainder falling in the intermediate risk group. Elevated WBC count was seen in 25(49.02%). Intensive induction chemotherapy was administered with an anthracycline and cytarabine regimen to 42(82.35%) patients with an induction mortality of 26%. Total of 23 (54.76%) patients achieved first complete remission (CR1). Of those who achieved CR1, 19(82.60%) underwent consolidation. Median survival was 120 days, range (1–2035). By univariate analyses, survival was not affected by older age (p=0.98), poor cytogenetics (p=0.23) or history of AHD (p=0.59), but was affected by induction chemotherapy (p=0.0001), ability to achieve CR1 (p=0.0001) and elevated WBC (p=0.05). In multivariate analyses after adjusting for other variables risk of death was influenced by ability to achieve CR1 (HR 0.146), AHD (HR=2.66) and elevated WBC count (HR=2.48). Conclusion: Elderly AML has poor clinical outcomes. Risk of death is reduced by intensive induction chemotherapy and achievement of CR1. It is increased by history of AHD and elevated WBC at presentation.
When Bad Things Happen from Good People (and Vice-Versa): Hume's Political Ethics of Revolution

In the first Stuart volume of his History of England, David Hume provides ample evidence for his self-proclaimed "Whig principles" regarding "things" and "Tory prejudices" regarding "persons." Hume...
Laboratory Exercise for Studying the Morphology of Heat-Denatured and Amyloid Aggregates of Lysozyme by Atomic Force Microscopy.

To facilitate learning advanced instrumental techniques, essential tools for visualizing biomaterials, a simple and versatile laboratory exercise demonstrating the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in biomedical applications was developed. In this experiment, the morphology of heat-denatured and amyloid-type aggregates formed from a low-cost and well-characterized model protein, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), are compared. Structural differences between the amorphous and ordered particles are quantified using ImageJ for the analysis of AFM images as a postlaboratory assignment. The laboratory exercise allows the direct observation of changes in the protein structure and helps students to understand the operation of AFM, as well as protein folding and misfolding related to many physiological and pathological processes. The described protocol stands alone, but also fits well into a larger module on protein structure and function or microscopic techniques as it can be linked easily to existing laboratory exercises on these topics. It can be easily adapted to the upper level undergraduate laboratory courses with limited lab hours as well as graduate level courses to improve students' research skills. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(2):162-171, 2018.
Design and development of some novel phased arrays and anti-jamming antennas

Beam steering antennas are widely used both in radar and communications applications for their ability to form arbitrary beam patterns in real time with superior speed compared to their mechanically gimbaled counterparts. In this talk, design and development of some novel phased arrays and anti-jamming antennas will be discussed which are completed at the Antenna and Microwave Lab (AML), San Diego State University. The different radiating elements used for the phased array antenna research are: multiple modes based radiating elements, frequency agile and polarization reconfigurable radiating element, and millimeter wave (W-band) series fed linear arrays. We classify phased array antennas in three categories based on the selection of radiating elements which are applied to beam steering feed network and beamforming algorithms: Convetional identical fixed modes, fixed multiple modes and aperture reconfiguration. In case of the conventional identical fixed mode beam steering antenna, we employ dominant mode miniaturized radiating elements for 1 dimension (D) phased array antenna performance at Ku-band [1]. In [2], we employ a series fed linear array antenna utilizing conventional radiating elements for achieving a 1D beam steering at W-band frequencies for CubeSat applications. The fixed multiple collocated radiating modes based phased array antennas along with its beamforming networks (BFNs), beamforming algorithms, and beam peak control by a microcontroller for phased array architecture are discussed in [3-4]. In 1D beam steering case, this novel concept in [3] led to the enhanced scanning range to ±68deg with only 3dB gain variation. In the case of 2D beam peak steering demonstration [4], a 2×2 patch array along with collocated monopole radiating elements is designed which showed a scan range of ±50 deg. Further, a phased array antenna employing a multifunctional frequency agile and polarization reconfigurable radiating elements is discussed in [5]. In [5], it was demonstrated that beam scanning is obtained while simultaneous tuning of the frequency and the polarization reconfiguration is implemented. Such a multifunctional phasedarray antenna included a polarization feed network (PFN) in addition to BFN, beam forming algorithms and microcontroller based control for beam peak steering. The talk will also include some discussion on multiple radiating modes based controlled reception pattern antennas for GPS receivers for anti-jamming applications. The first work in [6] employed a novel circularly polarized dual mode patch antenna capable of full hemispherical null steering and limited beam peak steering. This work has been expanded to provide two independent nulls steering and limited beam peak steering by employing three radiating modes in the antenna element [7]. In both [6, 7], the radiating elements are integrated with the BFNs, in addition to associated beam peak and null forming algorithms.
Paying with Plastic: Maybe Not So Crazy

As a former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission has observed, credit cards are one of the great innovations of the twentieth century.1 On par with the microprocessor and the cell phone, credit cards and the larger family of payment cards have transformed how people live.2 Payment cards provide a safe, secure, and convenient alternative to cash and checks, reducing the cost and risk of payment. Since the introduction of the first general purpose credit cards3 in 1958, the ownership and usage of credit cards have extended to consumers of nearly all socioeconomic groups. As of 2001, 76.2 percent of U.S. households held at least one general purpose credit card, and such credit cards accounted for nearly 20 percent of U.S. personal consumption expenditures.4
Correction to: Domain agnostic online semantic segmentation for multi-dimensional time series

The article Domain agnostic online semantic segmentation for multi-dimensional time series, written by Shaghayegh Gharghabi, Chin-Chia Michael Yeh, Yifei Ding, Wei Ding, Paul Hibbing, Samuel LaMunion, Andrew Kaplan, Scott E. Crouter, Eamonn Keogh was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 25 September 2018 without open access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Asymptotic Simulated Annealing for Variational Inference

Variational inference (VI) is an effective deterministic method for approximate posterior inference, which arises in many practical applications. However, it typically suffers from non-convexity issues. This paper proposes a novel optimization tool called asymptotically-annealed variational inference (AVI), for better local optimal convergence of VI by using ideas from small-variance asymptotics to efficiently search for better solutions. The algorithm entails a simple modification to the basic VI algorithm, has little additional computational cost and is very simple. Furthermore, our algorithm can be viewed as an asymptotic limit of simulated annealing, connecting it to a recent literature in machine learning on deterministic versions of stochastic algorithms. Experiments show better convergence performance than VI and other annealing methods for models such as LDA and the HMM, as well as on stochastic variational inference problems for big data.
ANGINA IS ASSOCIATED WITH CORONARY BLOOD FLOW - RESULTS FROM THE NHLBI-SPONSORED WOMEN'S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION: CORONARY VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION (WISE-CVD) PROJECT

Women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). We have previously observed that baseline average peak flow velocity (BAPV) is correlated with volumetric flow and predicted major adverse cardiovascular
The Timothy 0. Webster Papers and the Pearce Civil War Collection: Using Civil War Military Collections for Women's History:

Working-class and rural white women and free and enslaved African American women left few material traces, making it difficult for scholars to document their experience of the Civil War. This three...
Controlling dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries through forced advection

Abstract Instabilities during metal electrodeposition create dendrites on the plating surfaces. In high energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) dendrite growth causes safety issues and accelerated aging. In this paper, analytical models predict that dendrite growth can be controlled and potentially eliminated by small advective flows normal to the surface of lithium metal electrode. Electrolyte flow towards the Li metal electrode lowers the dendrite growth rate, overpotential, and impedance. Flow in the opposite direction, however, enhances the dendrite growth. For every current density, there exists a critical velocity above which dendrite growth can be totally eliminated. The critical velocity increases almost linearly with increasing current density. For typical current densities and inter-electrode separation, the critical velocity is very small, indicating the potential for practical application.
The fir engraver beetle in western states

The fir engraver beetle, Scolytus ventralis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was first described from two specimens collected at Vancouver, Washington, but the species has been subsequently recorded throughout the western United States and British Columbia.20,55 Its primary hosts are true firs, Abies; specifically white fir (A. concolor), California red fir (A. magnifica), and grand fir (A. grandis).34 It has also been observed on occasion attacking subalpine fir, Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce, mountain hemlock, and Western larch.20,55
Binding Mode of Human Norepinephrine Transporter Interacting with HIV-1 Tat

The increase of HIV infection in macrophages results in HIV proteins being released, like HIV Tat which impairs the function of monoamine transporters. HIV-infected patients have displayed increased synaptic levels of dopamine (DA) due to reduced binding and function of monoamine transporters such as the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the dopamine transporter (DAT). Development of a three-dimensional model of the HIV-1 Tat-human NET (hNET) binding complex would help reveal how HIV-1 Tat causes toxicity in the neuron by affecting DA uptake. Here we use computational techniques such as molecular modeling to study microscopic properties and molecular dynamics of the HIV-1 Tat-hNET binding. These modeling techniques allow us to analyze noncovalent interactions and observe residue-residue contacts to verify a model structure. The modeling results studied here show that HIV-1 Tat-hNET binding is highly dynamic and that HIV-1 Tat preferentially binds to hNET in its outward-open state. In particular, HIV-1 Tat forms hydrogen bond interactions with side chains of hNET residues Y84, K88, and T544. The favorable hydrogen bonding interactions of HIV-1 Tat with the hNET side chain residues Y84 and T544 have been validated by our subsequently performed DA uptake activity assays and site-directed mutagenesis, suggesting that the modeled HIV-1 Tat-hNET binding mode is reasonable. These mechanistic and structural insights gained through homology models discussed in this study are expected to encourage the pursuit of pharmacological and biochemical studies on HIV-1 Tat interacting with hNET mechanisms and detailed structures.
Perinephric abscess in infants and children

Abstract 1. 1. Perinephric abscess is not as rare a disease in infants and children as has been believed. A series of twenty-six proved and six possible cases is presented. 2. 2. To classify patients on the etiologic basis of their lesion as metastatic, complicated by underlying renal disease, or secondary to trauma to the kidney, is important for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. 3. 3. In children, a history which includes urinary complaints or a finding of albumin or white cells in the urine strongly suggests a complicated type of lesion, and indicates a thorough study of the urinary tract. 4. 4. An intravenous pyelogram should be done preoperatively on all patients suspected of having perinephric abscess, unless they are too ill to tolerate the procedure. 5. 5. For metastatic, or traumatic abscess, early incision and drainage is the treatment of choice. 6. 6. In abscess complicating urinary disease, therapy must be individualized and is two-fold in purpose: first, the immediate treatment of the abscess, and second, the subsequent treatment of the underlying urinary tract disease. 7. 7. In metastatic or traumatic abscess in children, the mortality was nil and the hospitalization averaged about three weeks. 8. 8. In abscess complicating urinary disease in children, the mortality was 45 per cent and the hospital stay averaged about ten weeks.
Dexamethasone causes translocation of glucose transporters from the plasma membrane to an intracellular site in human fibroblasts.

To investigate the mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit glucose transport in peripheral tissues, we have used a monoclonal antibody directed against the human glucose transporter to measure the relative amounts of glucose transporter polypeptide in various cell fractions of human foreskin fibroblasts after treatment with and without dexamethasone. In cells treated for 4 h with 100 nM dexamethasone, a decrease of 48% in glucose transport was accompanied by a decrease of 40% in the amount of glucose transporter polypeptide in a plasma membrane fraction enriched 10-fold in 5′-nucleotidase activity and a 78% increase in the amount of transporter polypeptide in a fraction of putative intracellular membranes, designated P2. There was no significant change in the amount of transporter polypeptide in whole cell lysates. Insulin (200 nM) stimulated glucose transport in basal fibroblasts by only 9%. However, addition of insulin for 30 min to cells that had been treated for 4 h with dexamethasone completely reversed the dexamethasone-induced decrease in glucose transport and also reversed the dexamethasone-induced changes in glucose transporter polypeptide content of the plasma membrane and P2 fractions. From these observations we conclude that dexamethasone decreases glucose transport by causing translocation of glucose transporters from the plasma membrane to an internal location and that insulin reverses the dexamethasone effect by reversing the translocation.
Control of Autonomous Mobile Robots

An example of a reactive, mobile, embedded control system that has received considerable attention during the last decade is the autonomous mobile robot. The flurry of research activities in this area can be directly traced to the many exciting current and future applications where robotic systems are safer/cheaper/more effective than their human counterparts. Examples of current applications include
Comparison of three methods for culturing throat swabs from cystic fibrosis patients.

In patients with cystic fibrosis who do not produce sputum, deep throat swabs are cultured for potential respiratory pathogens. Usually these swabs are directly streaked onto selective agar media. In a study of 50 pediatric cystic fibrosis patients, we compared this traditional method using rayon swabs with two methods having quantitative modifications: calcium alginate swabs eluted in Ringer9s lactate and rayon swabs eluted in normal saline. The eluates were then processed quantitatively (three-step dilution series). The yield of potential pathogens was significantly higher with the two quantitative methods. Overall, the combination of alginate with Ringer9s lactate was superior to the combination of rayon with saline, although only some of these differences achieved statistical significance.
Status and Issues in the Development of a Gamma-Ray Laser

A gamma-ray laser would stimulate the emission of radiation at wavelengths below 1 A from excited states of nuclei. However, the difficulties in realizing such a device were considered insurmountable when the first cycle of study ended in 1981. Nevertheless, research on the feasibility of a gamma-ray laser has taken a completely new character since then. A nuclear analog of the ruby laser has been proposed and many of the component steps for pumping the nuclei have been demonstrated experimentally. A quantitative model based upon the new data and concepts of this decade shows the gamma-ray laser to be feasible if some real isotope has its properties sufficiently close to the ideals modeled.
Carbon cycle: Feedbacks from the sea floor

Over geological time, massive amounts of organic carbon of marine origin have accumulated in the Earth's sedimentary rocks. So a leading question for oceanographers has been what controls the balance between carbon burial and, conversely, its oxidization and recycling. A new analysis provides evidence that a crucial factor is the time that organic matter is exposed to dissolved oxygen after it has been incorporated into sediment. This seemingly simple explanation is attractive because it unites two variables -- the rate at which organic carbon is falling to the sea floor, and bottom-water oxygen content.
Signal component separation using the wavelet transform

Many contributions to the wavelet theory by mathematicians have initiated a flurry of activity in using the wavelet transforms for practical applications. To solve a particular problem, one is confronted with the choice of the mother wavelet and the wavelet grid that should be used in the transform. Given some a priori information about the signals, the authors have attempted to design the mother wavelet and the associated grid for signal classification or separation applications. Analysis of ECG signals for the presence of late potentials is explored. >
Constitutional Law: The Religion Clauses, 2nd edition

This book provides a theoretical framework for conceptualizing and evaluating the Supreme Court’s decisionmaking under the Religion Clauses of the First Amendment. It discusses the original understanding, offers a brief history of American religious liberty, and identifies a variety of embedded and evolving constitutional values that can be seen to influence the Court’s constitutional doctrine. These values include religious equality and voluntarism; the protection of religious identity; the protection of religion from governmental contamination and of government from improper religious involvement; and the preservation of traditional governmental practices. Using these values to construct a framework for analysis, the book goes on to concisely explain and evaluate all of the major facets of the Court’s decisionmaking in this area, ranging from the definition of “religion” and other general questions to the many and diverse strands of the Court’s specific doctrine under the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses.In this SSRN paper, I reproduce the table of contents and the final chapter of the book. In this final chapter, I summarize some of the book’s basic themes and conclusions, and I suggest that the Court’s contemporary decisionmaking is increasingly driven by the value of religious equality, understood in a strictly formal sense, along with the values of judicial restraint and federalism. I critique the Court’s selective emphasis on these values, which comes at the expense of other and competing values that the Religion Clauses can be understood to promote.
Experimental Studies of Spray Deposition on a Flat Surface in a Vacuum Environment

Cooling of spacecraft components in the space environment is an on-going research effort. The electronics used in modern spacecraft are always changing and the heat flux is increasing. New, one-of-a-kind missions require new approaches to thermal control. In this research, under vacuum conditions, a pulsed water spray impinged on a small disc, while a high speed data acquisition system recorded the temperature histories of this copper disc. The water droplets froze quickly and accumulated on the disc as the spray continued. After the spray stopped, the frozen water that remained on the disc then sublimated into the vacuum environment and cooled the disc. This paper examines two important aspects of this process: 1) the difference in spray start up and shutdown in a vacuum environment versus in a standard atmospheric pressure environment, and 2) the water utilization efficiency in a vacuum environment due to the effects of drop trajectories and drop bouncing on the surface. Both phenomena play a role during spray cooling in a vacuum. This knowledge should help spacecraft designers plan for spray cooling as an option to cool spacecraft electronics, human metabolic generated heat, and heat from other sources.
A high energy gamma camera using a multiple hole collimator and PSPMT

Abstract A high energy gamma camera using a parallel hole tungsten collimator and a 7.62 cm square Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT) has been assembled and tested. The measured energy resolution is 12–20% FWHM for 137 Cs (662 keV) gamma rays, and 17–23% FWHM for 57 Co (122 keV). The measured spatial resolution measured is 2.8–3.2 mm for 122 keV and 3.4–5.3 mm for 662 keV. The variation in the energy and spatial resolution is due to the continuously varying gain across the PSPMT. Measured energy spectra and images obtained are presented.
The Wise Know: Decline Tender Loving Care and Respect Silver Hair

To the Editor: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) [1], establishes 11 criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorders. Although the criteria are very well researched and widely used in clinical practice, they are not easy to memorize. This short communication proposes a whimsical mnemonic to help students and practitioners commit the 11 DSM-5 criteria to memory. The 11 criteria may be summarized and grouped in four categories:
Multimodality approach to management of the paralyzed face.

Objectives: Despite the ability of facial reanimation techniques to introduce meaningful movement to the paralyzed face, dynamic methods do not address all zones of the face. Our objective was to retrospectively review outcomes after multimodality management of the patient with facial paralysis, to describe several novel surgical methods that introduce subtle improvements in static facial balance, and to present an algorithm for comprehensive management of the paralyzed face. Methods/Results: Three hundred thirty-seven patients with facial paralysis were seen and treated in a busy facial nerve center setting over a 3-year period using a range of standard muscle transfers, physical therapy, chemodenervation with botulinum toxin, and static surgical techniques. Three adjunct techniques emerged as novel and useful procedures that more fully addressed facial balance issues than existing techniques. Of patients proceeding with physical therapy, greater than 80% of patients experienced a benefit, and 97% of those who proceeded with botulinum toxin therapy experienced a benefit. Conclusions: Facial paralysis is best managed using a multimodality approach that includes surgical interventions, physical therapy, and chemodeneveration. We describe three adjunctive surgical techniques for management of the paralyzed face and present a comprehensive algorithm for management of the paralyzed face. That may provide improved function and cosmesis in all zones of the paralyzed face.
Language and Reality in Abraham J. Heschel's Philosophy of Religion

The relation of inner spiritual life to traditional theological and philosophical categories is the dynamic foundation of Abraham J. Heschel's religious thought. Not systematic in form, nor objectively philosophical in intent, his writings have suffered from lack of scholarly attention in great part because their consistent conceptual framework is not immediately apparent. The beauty of his style, however, has been recognized, though often to the detriment of serious consideration of the intellectual system implicit in his vision. His texts have indeed been appreciated as devotional literature by Christians as well as Jews because of the vitality of their poetry. Close scrutiny reveals that Heschel's use of language follows a coherent and explicit theory which, though dispersed in different works, is rigorous and susceptible to critical understanding. An account of Heschel's linguistic assumptions can clarify his interpretation of religious tradition, with the broader benefit of helping us to participate in the spiritual awareness which his personal witness should convey. Heschel's endeavor is founded upon a logical contradiction which his theory of poetic language seeks to harmonize. On the one hand, he attempts to evoke in his reader authentic religious insights which are, in essence, ineffable by expressing his own experience in passages of great poetic beauty. On the other hand, he presents a conceptualized description of man's relation to God using accepted theological and philosophical categories as points of reference. The very tension which this paradox involves is at the root of religious understanding in Heschel's sys-
Revision of Leucophoropterini: Diagnoses, Key to Genera, Redescription of the Australian Fauna, and Descriptions of New Indo-Pacific Genera and Species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae)

Abstract The Leucophoropterini (Miridae: Phylinae) is an Indo-Australian group including 23 genera and 104 species. Diagnoses are provided for all genera of Leucophoropterini. All genera and species of Australian fauna are revised and redescribed to complement earlier detailed study of Schuh for the Indo-Pacific fauna. Additional new taxa from Papua New Guinea are described and a key to the currently recognized genera is provided, as are keys to the species of Ausejanus, n. gen., and Blesingia Carvalho and Gross. Previously described genera include: Abuyogocoris Schuh (4 species), Aitkenia Carvalho and Gross (2 species, 1 described as new), Arafuramiris Schuh (7 species, 3 described as new), Biromiris Schuh (6 species, 3 described as new), Blesingia Carvalho and Gross (7 species, 5 as new combinations), Collessicoris Carvalho and Gross (1 species), Ctypomiris Schuh (3 species, 1 described as new), Gulacapsus Schuh (4 species, 1 described as new), Leucophoroptera Poppius (5 species, 2 described as new), Pa...
Copper: toxicological relevance and mechanisms

Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral essential for many biological processes. The vast majority of all Cu in healthy humans is associated with enzyme prosthetic groups or bound to proteins. Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated through a complex system of Cu transporters and chaperone proteins. Excess or toxicity of Cu, which is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic disorder, neurodegenerative changes and other disease conditions, can occur when Cu homeostasis is disrupted. The capacity to initiate oxidative damage is most commonly attributed to Cu-induced cellular toxicity. Recently, altered cellular events, including lipid metabolism, gene expression, alpha-synuclein aggregation, activation of acidic sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, and temporal and spatial distribution of Cu in hepatocytes, as well as Cu-protein interaction in the nerve system, have been suggested to play a role in Cu toxicity. However, whether these changes are independent of, or secondary to, an altered cellular redox state of Cu remain to be elucidated.
Loss of tissue sensitivity to growth hormone during maternal deprivation in rats

Abstract Ovine growth hormone (oGH) (100 μg) was given intracisternally (i.c.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to 8 day old rat pups that had been separated from the mother for 2 hours before injection or left undisturbed in the home cage, and ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) was determined in brain and liver. GH (s.c.) increased liver ODC to 400% of control in undisturbed pups but had no effect on liver ODC activity when given to maternally deprived pups. Similarly, i.c. administration of oGH increased brain ODC activity to 150% of control in undisturbed pups but had no effect in maternally deprived pups. The response of liver ODC to oGH returned when the deprived pups were returned to the mother 2 hours prior to administration of GH. A similar suppression of the liver ODC response to GH was observed in pups placed with a urethane-anesthetized mother, although urethane administration itself did not decrease the response of liver ODC to GH. Placing the pups with a mother whose nipples had been ligated did not decrease the stimulation of liver ODC evoked by oGH administration. Ovine placental lactogen (oPL) (100 μg) also failed to stimulate liver ODC activity in maternally deprived rat pups, although it stimulated liver ODC in control pups. In contrast to these results, s.c. administration of dexamethasone (.2 mg), dibutyryl cAMP (.8 mg), PGE-1 (50 μg) or insulin (10 μg) stimulated liver ODC activity comparably in both maternally deprived and control pups. Similarly, intracisternal adminstration of dibutyryl cAMP (50 μg) stimulated brain ODC activity in both maternally deprived and control pups. These results suggest that maternal deprivation is associated with a specific suppression of tissue response to the growth promoting peptide hormones GH and oPL. This suppression is reversed rapidly when pups are returned to the mother, and appears to be triggered by the removal of active mothering behavior, not by nutritional deprivation or the removal of passive sensory stimuli associated with the mother.
A Society Without Money: Reflections on Jacques Maritain

It is appropriate in these sessions called in honour of Anghel N. Rugina to consider the nature of money, a topic that he has concerned himself with during much of his career and that forms a significant link in his current major project, “Toward a New Principia Politica”.
Genetics of chromosome 15q13-q14 in schizophrenia.

Positive genetic linkage to the 15q13-q14 region has been found in 11 studies, and several association reports support this locus as a candidate region for schizophrenia. The locus is unusual in that it was first linked to an endophenotype found in schizophrenia, the P50 deficit, and subsequently to schizophrenia. There is also biological data showing that a candidate gene in the region, the α7 nicotinic receptor CHRNA7 , plays a seminal role in the linked endophenotype, and is decreased in expression in the patient population. The 15q13-q14 region is complicated by a partial duplication of the CHRNA7 gene that includes exons 5–10 and considerable sequence downstream. Evidence from multiple studies supports a broad region of genetic linkage around the marker D15S1360.
Imaging Cellular Distribution of Bcl Inhibitors Using Small Molecule Drug Conjugates

Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 is a cellular mechanism to evade apoptosis; consequently, Bcl-2 inhibitors are being developed as anticancer agents. In this work, we have synthesized a fluorescent version of ABT-199 in an effort to visualize a drug surrogate by high resolution imaging. We show that this fluorescent conjugate has comparable Bcl-2 binding efficacy and cell line potency to the parent compound and can be used as an imaging agent in several cancer cell types. We anticipate that this agent will be a valuable tool for studying the single-cell distribution and pharmacokinetics of ABT-199 as well the broader group of BH3-mimetics.
Graphene: Show of adhesive strength

The adhesion energies for atomically thin graphene membranes on silicon dioxide substrates have now been measured.
Sedimentology of a Melange: Franciscan of Trinidad, California

ABSTRACT A study of layer features within coarse proximal-exotic sediment gravity-flow deposits of the Jurassic(?) Franciscan Formation and Patricks Point metasedimentary unit of the Trinidad quadrangle reveals the following common layer sequence: I--massive fine to medium-grained or inversely graded pebbly sandstone, II--pebbly sandstone or conglomerate with or without preferred clast orientation, III--coarse tail and/or content normally graded pebbly sandstone, IV--diffusely laminated and/or cross-stratified pebbly sandstone, V--massive fine to medium-grained sandstone, and VI--diffuse to sharply laminated fine to medium-grained sandstone which may contain dish and pillar structures. This sequence is developed vertically and laterally during a single flow event. It reflects transitions from rain support by dispersive pressure to fluid turbulence which occur as a sediment gravity-flow progresses downslope and the entrained grain population becomes finer. The sequence may therefore be used to recognize individual flow events in a vertical sequence and to determine proximality of deposition on the inner submarine fan or suprafan. Franciscan Formation sedimentary rocks were deposited chiefly on an inner fan, whereas those of the Patricks Point unit were deposited on an outer fan downfan from a suprafan lobe. The Patricks Point unit is either allochthonous and of a different age than the Franciscan Formation, or was severed, metamorphosed and emplaced east of the Trinidad Franciscan during melange formation.
Alcohol-Influenced Nonverbal Behaviors During Discussions About a Relationship Problem

We examined the effect of alcohol intoxication on the display of nonverbal behaviors during discussions with dating partners about a relationship problem. Forty-four heterosexual dyads engaged in a 7-min conversation about a hypothetical infidelity. Males were randomly assigned to drinking condition (sober or .08 g/dl) and their behaviors were coded for behavioral expressivity, verbal expressivity, positive affect, and anxiety at 30 s and 3 min into the interaction. A series of 2 (drinking condition) × 2 (time) repeated measures analyses indicated that as time passed, drinkers nonverbally conveyed more agitation and less positivity, and consequently less pro-relational behavior. Further, drinkers showed more behavioral variability over time compared to their sober counterparts. The implications of these results for understanding alcohol-influenced communication in close relationships are discussed.
Social Psychological Contributions to the Understanding and Prevention of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the contributions of basic theory and research in social psychology to our understanding of an important public health problem - adolescent cigarette smoking -and to smoking prevention. The authors describe how social psychological theory and research have enabled us to better understand the processes underlying adolescent smoking adoption and to devise more effective intervention programs to deter adolescent smoking.
Understanding the relationship between physical and virtual representations of transit agencies

This study examines whether physical attributes of transit agencies, such as agency size, make a difference in how transit websites are designed, and how transit information is distributed. The objective of this study is to see if there is a relationship between physical and virtual representations of transit agencies. A rating instrument is developed for evaluating the quality of transit websites. Our findings suggest that transit agency size plays a key role in determining website quality: When the size of transit system is large, the information about the agency is too complex to be effectively presented on web pages. Thus, the quality of the large agencies’ websites is lower than medium-sized agencies. Instead, we find that large agencies attempt to design more user-friendly sites, and provide advanced information searching tools to compensate for low information quality. Policy implications for transit agencies are discussed.
Family and school socioeconomic disadvantage: interactive influences on adolescent dating violence victimization.

Although low socioeconomic status has been positively associated with adult partner violence, its relationship to adolescent dating violence remains unclear. Further, few studies have examined the relationship between contextual disadvantage and adolescent dating violence, or the interactive influences of family and contextual disadvantage. Guided by social disorganization theory, relative deprivation theory, and gendered resource theory, we analyzed data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994-1996) to explore how family and school disadvantage relate to dating violence victimization. Psychological and minor physical victimization were self-reported by adolescents in up to six heterosexual romantic or sexual relationships. Family and school disadvantage were based on a principal component analysis of soecioeconomic indicators reported by adolescents and parents. In weighted multilevel random effects models, between-school variability in dating violence victimization was proportionately small but substantive: 10% for male victimization and 5% for female victimization. In bivariate analyses, family disadvantage was positively related to victimization for both males and females; however, school disadvantage was only related to males' physical victimization. In models adjusted for race/ethnicity, relative age within the school, and mean school age, neither family nor school disadvantage remained related to males' victimization. For females, family disadvantage remained significantly positively associated with victimization, but was modified by school disadvantage: family disadvantage was more strongly associated with dating violence victimization in more advantaged schools. Findings support gendered resource theory, and suggest that status differentials between females and their school context may increase their vulnerability to dating violence victimization. Language: en
Optimization of a continuous-time maximum power point tracking algorithm in the presence of noise

This paper introduces an analysis of the effect of noise on a continuous-time maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic systems, leading to an optimization of the system parameters. The results of this are then compared to discrete-time algorithms. This analysis provides a better understanding of how noise affects the performance of MPPT algorithms and how well those effects can be mitigated.