cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Data Collection

Fundamental to social work practice is collecting informationmdash;data—about a client's problems, strengths, and environment, and then using this information to make judgements about the client and how to best assist her or him. This chapter presents an in-depth discussion of the collection of information from and about a client, and then the use of this information to make inferences about what is happening with the client and how to best provide assistance. Keywords: assessment; diagnosis; clinical assessment; clinical measurement; positive predictive value
Promoting Health‐Related Fitness for Elementary Students With Intellectual Disabilities Through a Specifically Designed Activity Program

The Motivate, Adapt, and Play Program was specifically designed as an adapted physical activity (PA) program for students with intellectual disabilities (ID) to meet required school PA policies to combat childhood obesity. The policies commonly require a minimum of 30 min of PA per school day. A study was undertaken to test the efficacy of the program. Twenty-five students with ID (9 girls, 16 boys; ages 9.7 ± 1.2) from four elementary schools in the southeastern United States participated in the study. The health-related fitness measures of the 16-m shuttle run test, the modified curl-up test, and the back-saver sit-and-reach test were completed at the beginning and at the end of an 8-week period. Body mass index (BMI) measurements were also obtained. During the interval, participants completed a 30 min/day, 5 days/week activity program, focusing on cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and muscular strength and endurance activities, utilizing specialized equipment. Over the 8 weeks, there was a significant increase in the health-related fitness scores obtained. As expected, there was a slight decrease in BMI over 8 weeks, although it was a nonsignificant finding. The findings suggest that the health-related fitness of students with ID can be improved through engaging in a school-based daily adapted PA program.
FROM SPRINGTIME TO WINTER: THE '92 AND '94 ELECTIONS AND THE IMPACT ON OKLAHOMA POLITICS

The 1992 election was one in which the Democrats were competitive in almost all elections in the state of Oklahoma, yet the 1994 election was one that the Oklahoma Democrats have yet to recover from. This paper analyzes those two elections and the time span in between to determine the cause of the Democratic Party's precipitous decline in Oklahoma. The paper determines that there was a populists' backlash against the Democratic Party during the 1992 to 1994 time span. This form of populism, which is cultural, has remained a primary explanation for the failures of Democrats in Oklahoma. Also the built-in demographic advantages for Republicans put the Democrats in an increasingly minority status that does not appear to be changing.
NEW APPROACH TO ROADWAY PERFORMANCE INDICES

In 1964, Carey and Irick defined the present serviceability index (PSI) by assuming that the PSI can be expressed on a scale of 0 to 5 as the sum of a logarithmic function of slope variance, a quadratic function of mean rut depth, a square root function of cracks and patches, and a random error term using the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) road test data. These functional forms have been used widely although they yield intercept values for PSI over 5 and some other nonphysical results for both rigid and flexible pavements; similar difficulties appear in the work of others performed over the years since then. To resolve these difficulties, we propose a new methodology dealing with the test data by applying Fechner’s psychophysical law. It is found that the AASHO road test data, road test data obtained in Texas, road test data from Canada, and data from the international road roughness experiment are organized well by the simple summation of logarithmic terms of roadway characteristic variables. The methodology can be further applied to handle similar types of road test data.
Improvement of Crack-Detection Accuracy Using a Novel Crack Defragmentation Technique in Image-Based Road Assessment

AbstractA common problem of crack-extraction algorithms is that extracted crack image components are usually fragmented in their crack paths. A novel crack-defragmentation technique, MorphLink-C, is proposed to connect crack fragments for road pavement. It consists of two subprocesses, including fragment grouping using the dilation transform and fragment connection using the thinning transform. The proposed fragment connection technique is self-adaptive for different crack types, without involving time-consuming computations of crack orientation, length, and intensity. The proposed MorphLink-C is evaluated using realistic flexible pavement images collected by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). Statistical hypothesis tests are conducted to analyze false positive and negative errors in crack/no-crack classification using an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier associated with feature subset selection methods. The results show that MorphLink-C improves crack-detection accuracy and reduces...
Scales to Assess Child and Adolescent Depression: Checklists, Screens, and Nets

Abstract Child self-report and parent-report measures of depressive symptoms are useful both for preliminary screening and to monitor change in symptomatology. These two aims, however, demand different psychometric properties. Currently available self- and/or parent-reports of depressive symptoms are reviewed in terms of their content validity and criterion validity. There is wide variability in the symptoms covered by the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), Children's Depression Scale (CDS), and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). A review of criterion validity showed that information needed is often unavailable. Suggestions are made for ways to provide information that will enable clinicians and researchers to select measures for their purposes.
A note comparing parameters controlling low-angle normal and thrust movement

Abstract A simple model for the initiation of normal and thrust motion along pre-existing low-angle faults shows that the parameters necessary for fault movement are nearly the same in both cases. The parameters controlling fault movement (which are tectonic tension and tectonic compression as well as fault friction or fault strength) are considered in terms of available observations of crustal stresses, and possible crustal stresses predicted from laboratory rock friction experiments. Because tectonic compression can exceed tectonic tension it is concluded that thrust movement along low-angle zones of weakness is somewhat more likely than normal movement; the relative difficulty of the different motions depends upon the ratio of tectonic compression to tectonic tension. If available observational data of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses in the crust represent reasonable upper and lower limits to tectonic compression and tectonic tension, then low-angle movement is greatly facilitated by low coefficients of fault friction, similar to values obtained in a number of recent studies of weak faults.
Conceptions of Privacy: Current Status and Next Steps

Meanings of privacy in everyday speech, in behavioral and social science, and in American law are compared. A variety of independent meanings emerge within each domain, and these distinctions are repeated across domains. A common-core definition is proposed that appears to be consistent with these meanings. One behavioral theory that attempts to bring conceptual order to the various meanings of privacy is reviewed, and the review is extended to a general commentary on the current status of behavioral theories of privacy. Future tasks and directions for establishing a more complete understanding of privacy are indicated, including the explication of theoretical systems and the creation of linkages across disciplines and concepts.
Dynamic spectrum management system aggregating non-contiguous spectrum over TVWS

This paper proposes a wireless communication system comprising a DSM (Dynamic Spectrum Management) Engine and DSM clients that can dynamically and opportunistically use and aggregate TVWS spectrum when deployed in a local area such as a home or a small office. Operation in TVWS spectrum requires technology that can address the sparse and non-contiguous nature of TVWS spectrum as well as the availability and quality of the TVWS channels due to the presence of primary and secondary users. A new wireless communication architecture is proposed where the focal point is an aggregated robust wireless link (DSM Link) between the DSM engine and the DSM clients. Simulation results show significant gains in performance in terms of satisfied users, robustness and latency when compared with a conventional 802.11 system.
Recent Nutrition Research: Implications for Foods of the Future

Dietary habits and the foods we ingest influence health. Nutrition is one factor that can be controlled in such a way as to influence an individual's destiny in such diseases as coronary heart disease (CHD) hypertension, stroke, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes and gall stone disease. The role of nutrition in treatment and prevention of CHD is one example. It is not only a problem in Western Europe and in the United States anymore but with "westernization" of Asia and Africa and in many Eastern European countries, CHD is increasing at an alarming rate. Led by the American Heart Association, influential groups have provided dietary recommendations to the general public over the past 30 years. These recommendations have been based to a large extent on research carried out to determine the influence of various dietary components, particularly fatty acids and dietary cholesterol, on the risk factors leading to CHD. The results of these investigations can now be used by industry to provide foods for the future which will provide the public with more healthy choices and hopefully aid in the control of diseases which can be influenced by diet.
SOLVING HARD PROBLEMS BY EASY METHODS: DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL QUADRATURE

Abstract With the recent advance in parallel processing computers, it is important to develop a library of computational procedures which can be applied one after the other to obdurate problems in an adaptive fashion. The methods of differential and integral quadrature are discussed and are shown to be such powerful computational procedures. To illustrate the approach, these methods, combined with other numerical procedures such as spline, are applied to system identification and radiative transfer.
Angular distribution functions for the decay of charmonium states directly produced by polarized proton-antiproton collisions.

We calculate the combined angular distribution functions in the cascade process [ital p[bar p]][r arrow][chi][sub [ital J]][r arrow][psi][gamma][r arrow]([ital e][sup +][ital e][sup [minus]])[gamma] ([ital J]=0,1,2) in terms of the complex angular momentum helicity amplitudes or equivalently in terms of the multipole transition amplitudes in [chi][sub [ital J]][r arrow][psi][gamma], when the proton ([ital p]) and the antiproton ([ital [bar p]]) are both arbitrarily polarized. The results are expressed as a sum over products of linearly independent spherical harmonics. We discuss the results for the special cases when neither particle is polarized, a single particle is polarized, and both particles are polarized. In general, by measuring the angular distributions in polarized [ital p[bar p]] collisions we are not only able to get the magnitudes, but also the relative phases of the decay amplitudes in the process [chi][sub [ital J]][r arrow][psi][gamma] and of the production amplitudes in [ital p[bar p]][r arrow][chi][sub [ital J]].
Ground state vacancies and magnetic ordering in solid3He

The description of the magnetic properties of solid3He via a simple Heisevberg model, so long deemed adequate, has been made untenable by recent experimental evidence. The required theoretical modifications to the model are by no means evident. Here we show that a very small concentration of ground state vacancies can qualitatively explain the experimental data. Quantitative calculations are made difficult by the complicated combinatorial problems involved in computing the free energy.
The composition of the mantle of the eucrite parent body and the origin of eucrites

Previous estimates of the composition of the EPB have tacitly assumed chondritic abundances of refractory LIL elements. A model is presented here which utilizes refractory element ratios instead. Consideration of these ratios and of known olivine-liquid partition coefficients for Sc, Mg and Si imply that the EPB mantle may be accurately modeled as a simple mixture of 25 percent eucrite + 75 percent olivine. The model also implies that eucrites such as Juvinas and Sioux County were derived by large degrees of partial melting (20-30 percent). Comparison of the model EPB mantle to known meteorite classes indicates a similarity between the element abundances of the EPB and C3 chondrites.
Changes in cholesterol levels in women after coronary artery bypass surgery.

Abstract Objective: To examine the predictors of change in cholesterol levels in a cohort of women between the time of surgery and 1 year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Design and Setting: This study was a prospective, descriptive study held at a Mid-Atlantic tertiary care medical center. Methods: Lipid profiles, lifestyle behaviors, and other major coronary risk factors were measured at the time of surgery and again 12 months later from a consecutive convenience sample of 130 women who underwent first-time, isolated CABG. Results: The sample population was 24% black and 76% white and had a mean age of 65 years and an average of 11 years of education. Although no statistically significant changes in cholesterol levels were observed, a majority (55%) of women had increases in total cholesterol level, whereas 45% had decreased total cholesterol level between baseline and 1 year of follow-up. After controlling for preoperative cholesterol values, a change in cholesterol level was independently predicted by ejection fraction, smoking status, and body mass index. At 1 year, plasma lipoprotein levels were not optimally managed, with high proportions of values exceeding national guidelines for secondary prevention. Conclusions: Women continue to have high cholesterol levels after CABG, putting them at high risk for future coronary heart disease events. Effective secondary prevention programs targeting multiple lifestyle behaviors and adequate pharmacotherapy are needed. (Heart Lung ® 1999;28:270-5.)
Fuzzy-logic-based sensor fusion of images

The fusion of visual and infrared sensor images of potential driving hazards in static infrared and visual scenes is computed using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). The FLA is presented as a new method for combining images from different sensors for achieving an image that displays more information than either image separately. Fuzzy logic is a modeling approach that encodes expert knowledge directly and easily using rules. With the help of membership functions designed for the data set under study, the FLA can model and interpolate to enhance the contrast of the imagery. The Mamdani model is used to combine the images. The fused sensor images are compared to metrics to measure the increased perception of a driving hazard in the sensor-fused image. The metrics are correlated to experimental ranking of the image quality. A data set containing IR and visual images of driving hazards under different types of atmospheric contrast conditions is fused using the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA). A holographic matched-filter method (HMFM) is used to scan some of the more difficult images for automated detection. The image rankings are obtained by presenting imagery in the TARDEC Visual Perception Lab (VPL) to subjects. Probability of detection of a driving hazard is computed using data obtained in observer tests. The matched-filter is implemented for driving hazard recognition with a spatial filter designed to emulate holographic methods. One of the possible automatic target recognition devices implements digital/optical cross-correlator that would process sensor-fused images of targets. Such a device may be useful for enhanced automotive vision or military signature recognition of camouflaged vehicles. A textured clutter metric is compared to experimental rankings.
Face recognition using distributed, mobile computing

This paper describes a distributed computing framework calledBlueHoc, that uses mobile devices connected using a Bluetooth, wireless ad hoc network. For a network composed of different devices, we have developed a load balancing method to optimize performance of BlueHoc. The eigenfaces technique for face recognition is implemented and used to benchmark performance. With four devices and an 80 subject face database, we can achieve a speedup (including all overheads) of 1:37 without load balancing and with a 40 subject database a speedup of 1:08 with load balancing. Because of fixed communications and initialization costs, the speedup factor can grow as the number of subjects in the recognition system grows. Consequently, by aggregating the computing capabilities of local mobile devices, BlueHoc provides an effective solution for distributed mobile computing.
Dealing with mentally ill domestic violence perpetrators: A therapeutic jurisprudence judicial model

People suffering from mental illness are increasingly referred to the domestic violence court. Yet the typical diversion programs available, including batterer's intervention programs, are inappropriate for those with serious mental illness. As a result, the Miami-Dade Domestic Violence Court has developed a new approach for dealing with this population that applies mental health court techniques in domestic violence court. This article will describe and discuss this pioneering model. It also will situate this model within the context of other problem-solving courts and discuss how the court uses principles and approaches of therapeutic jurisprudence. The paper presents some preliminary data that describe the social and legal characteristics of 20 defendants in the Domestic Violence Mental Health Court followed over a two year period between 2005 and 2007.
The Kinetic Characterization of Escherichia coli MurG Using Synthetic Substrate Analogues

Bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics poses a serious threat to human health. Because the peptidoglycan layer surrounding bacterial cells is essential for survival, the enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis are attractive targets for the design of new antibiotics. Unfortunately, many of these enzymes are difficult to study because substrates to monitor enzymatic activity are either not available or not soluble under suitable assay conditions. These problems can be solved by utilizing synthetic alternative substrates. We recently reported the synthesis of a soluble substrate analogue for MurG, the enzyme that forms the β-(1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide subunit of peptidoglycan. Using this substrate analogue, we have been able to develop a direct assay to monitor the activity of the enzyme. We now report the purification of Escherichia coli MurG and information on its kinetic properties and substrate requirements in the absence of membranes. This work lays the foundat...
Sorptive stabilization of organic matter in soils by hydrous iron oxides

Strong correlations between iron oxides (FeOx) and organic matter (OM) in soils have implied the importance of the former in stabilizing the latter. One mechanism thought to be important in this stabilization is sorption. We tested this possibility by reductively dissolving FeOx in a wide variety of soils and measuring the organic carbon (OC) that was solubilized. The OC dissolved from non-FeOx phases via anion exchange was corrected for by parallel control extractions. The resultant pool, reductively soluble OC, made up a minor amount of total soil OC in all but one of these soils, indicating that simple sorption reactions do not stabilize the bulk of soil OC in most mineral soils. OC:Fe ratios in the extracts from 2/3 of these soils were less than 0.22 (wt/wt), consistent with a sorbed state for this OC and showing that OC sorption by FeOx in these soils is limited by the amount of FeOx. The remaining soils had low pH and high OM concentrations; their higher OC:Fe ratios indicate inclusion of precipitated organo-Fe complexes in the extracts, which are likely only partially extracted by our method. The high volumetric ratios of OM to FeOx found in correlations between them from the literature are inconsistent with a dominant sorption control and point instead to stabilization to other mechanisms such as organo-Fe complexes or ternary associations among FeOx, OM and other minerals.
miR393 and miR164 influence indeterminate but not determinate nodule development

The roles of auxin in the regulation of symbiotic legume nodule formation are unclear. We recently showed that enhanced sensitivity to auxin resulting from overexpression of miR160 inhibits determinate nodule formation in soybean. We examined the roles of miR393 and miR164 in soybean (that forms determinate nodules) and Medicago truncatula (that forms indeterminate nodules). Our results together with previous studies suggest that indeterminate nodule formation requires a higher, but narrow window of auxin sensitivity and that miR164 regulation is not crucial for determinate nodule formation.
FPGA simulation engine for customized construction of neural microcircuits

In this paper we describe an FPGA-based platform for high-performance and low-power simulation of neural microcircuits composed from integrate-and-fire (IAF) neurons. Based on high-level synthesis, our platform uses design templates to map hierarchies of neuron model to logic fabrics. This approach bypasses high design complexity and enables easy optimization and design space exploration. We demonstrate the benefits of our platform by simulating a variety of neural microcircuits that perform oscillatory path integration, which evidence suggests may be a critical building block of the navigation system inside a rodent's brain. Experiments show that our FPGA simulation engine for oscillatory neural microcircuits can achieve up to 39x speedup compared to software benchmarks on commodity CPU, and 232x energy reduction compared to embedded ARM core.
V(z) Curve Synthesis Using Two Ultrasonic Transducers

Traditionally V(z) curves are generated by acoustic microscopes. However, because of the high costs of the commercially available acoustic microscopes, their use is rather limited. In this paper it is shown how V(z) curves, which contain quantitative information about the material under inspection, can be generated using two ultrasonic transducers instead of an acoustic microscope. A theoretical analysis is given to synthesize V(z) curves of orthotropic plates by this technique. A basic mechanics problem of the reflection of plane waves by an orthotropic plate immersed in a fluid is solved for this purpose. Theoretically synthesized V(z) values are compared with experimental results.
Identification of estrogen receptor beta expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and comparison of estrogen-responsive gene transcription in cells adapted to serum-free media.

Abstract Most cultured cell lines require addition of serum to the medium to maintain their proliferative capacity. For studies examining the cellular effects of estrogens serum is charcoal-stripped to remove steroids. Nonetheless, addition of the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) inhibits the basal transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha or beta (ERα or ERβ) in transfected cells. We tested the hypothesis that elimination of serum from the culture medium will block 4-OHT’s repression of basal activity. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells adapted to serum-free medium exhibited estrogen responsiveness that was identical with that of the cells grown in serum-containing media. 4-OHT-suppressed basal transcription of an estrogen response element (ERE)-reporter in ERα-transfected cells even in the absence of serum, indicating that the 4-OHT suppressive activity is not mediated by blocking ER interaction with serum estrogens. We speculate that 4-OHT-ER recruits co-repressors to suppress basal transcription. We discovered that CHO-K1 cells express ERα and ERβ mRNA. However only ERβ protein was expressed and use of ERβ-selective 2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionitrile (DPN) and ERα-selective 4-propyl-1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxy-phenyl)pyrazole) (PPT) revealed that only ERβ was transcriptionally active. In conclusion, growing CHO-K1 in serum-free medium does not impact the estrogen responsiveness and this cell line expresses functional ERβ.
An improved theoretical model of orientation softening and cross-shear wear of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

Abstract A theoretical model was previously proposed by Wang et al. and Turell et al. to explain the molecular reorientation and wear mechanisms of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). This model has been used to explain observed wear behavior in orthopaedic devices using UHMWPE as a bearing surface. Frictional energy exerted into the UHMWPE is dissipated in the form of heat, wear, and also in reorientation of the molecular chains of the polymer. While the previous model addresses the wear portion of this energy, it fails to account for the active molecular reorientation that occurs due to the cumulative stresses experienced by the polymer. Multiple physical tribological studies have shown a discrepancy with the predictions of the original model. By accounting for the molecular reorientation, wear, and orientation softening effects of the total energy exerted into the UHMWPE, the current model improves upon the simplified assumptions of the previous model. This study correctly predicts the cross shear ratio that generates the maximum wear as demonstrated in the physical tribological studies.
Getting What You Want: Positive Inducements in International Relations

Positive inducements as a strategy for dealing with regimes that challenge core norms of international behavior and the national interests of the United States (“renegade regimes”) contain both promises and pitfalls. Such inducements, which include policy concessions and economic favors, can serve two main purposes: (1) arranging a beneficial quid pro quo with the other side, and (2) catalyzing, via positive engagement, a restructuring of interests and preferences within the other side's politico-economic system (such that quid pro quos become less and less necessary). The conditions for progress toward either purpose can vary, as can the requirements for sufficient and credible concessions on both sides and the obstacles in the way of such concessions. For renegade regimes, a primary consideration involves the domestic purposes that internationally objectionable behavior can serve. An examination of the cases of North Korea, Iran, and Libya finds that negative pressures have been relatively ineffective, ...
Electrostatic Switching in Vertically Oriented Nanotubes for Nonvolatile Memory Applications

We have demonstrated electrostatic switching in vertically oriented nanotubes or nanofibers, where a nanoprobe was used as the actuating electrode inside an SEM. When the nanoprobe was manipulated to be in close proximity to a single tube, switching voltages between 10 V–40 V were observed, depending on the geometrical parameters used. The turn-on transitions appeared to be much sharper than the turn-off transitions which were limited by the tube-to-probe contact resistances. In many cases, stiction forces at these dimensions were dominant, since the tube appeared stuck to the probe even after the voltage returned to 0 V, suggesting that such structures are promising for nonvolatile memory applications. The stiction effects, to some extent, can be adjusted by engineering the switch geometry appropriately. Nanoscale mechanical measurements were also conducted on the tubes using a custom-built nanoindentor inside an SEM, from which preliminary material parameters, such as the elastic modulus, were extracted. The nanoscale mechanical measurements also revealed that the tubes are well adhered to the substrate. The material parameters gathered from the mechanical measurements were then used in developing an electrostatic model of the switch using a custom available finite-element simulator. The calculated pull-in voltages appeared to be in agreement to the experimentally obtained switching voltages to first order.
A prospective trial of colchicine and methotrexate in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Abstract Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to determine if colchicine or methotrexate improves blood test results, symptoms, and/or liver histology in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed primary biliary cirrhosis whose serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were at least 2 times above normal and who were not yet candidates for liver transplantation received colchicine or methotrexate and were followed up for 2 years. Results: In patients receiving colchicine (n = 43), mean pruritus score decreased from 1.63 to 1.12 ( P = 0.04), ALP level from 494 to 355 U/L ( P P P = 0.0001), ALP from 478 to 235 U/L ( P P = 0.0001). Methotrexate but not colchicine significantly improved liver histology ( P = 0.005) and serum immunoglobulin G levels ( P = 0.0002). Methotrexate improved most blood test results more than colchicine. Serum bilirubin levels increased slightly with each drug, and albumin levels decreased slightly. Conclusions: Both colchicine and methotrexate improved biochemical test results and symptoms in primary biliary cirrhosis, but the response to methotrexate was greater. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1999;117:1173-1180
Asymptotic efficiency of ridge estimator in linear and semiparametric linear models

Abstract The linear model with a growing number of predictors arises in many contemporary scientific endeavor. In this article, we consider the commonly used ridge estimator in linear models. We propose analyzing the ridge estimator for a finite sample size n and a growing dimension p . The existence and asymptotic normality of the ridge estimator are established under some regularity conditions when p → ∞ . It also occurs that a strictly linear model is inadequate when some of the relations are believed to be of certain linear form while others are not easily parameterized, and thus a semiparametric partial linear model is considered. For these semiparametric partial linear models with p > n , we develop a procedure to estimate the linear coefficients as if the nonparametric part is not present. The asymptotic efficiency of the proposed estimator for the linear component is studied for p → ∞ . It is shown that the proposed estimator of the linear component asymptotically performs very well.
Extending Acrostic Poetry Into Content Learning: A Scaffolding Framework

Acrostic poems make use of a keyword written vertically, where each line of the poem begins with a letter of the keyword. The structure of this formula poem combined with teacher modeling provides a scaffold for students, showing them how to think flexibly and develop ideas and choose interesting words. Moreover, encoding information in poetic form is a thought-provoking way to capture and retain important content. This article describes an instructional framework for teachers to extend acrostic poetry into content areas. يوجد نوع من القصائد تستخدم فيه كلمة مفتاح مكتوبة أفقيا بحيث كل بيت من القصيدة يبدأ بحرف الكلمة المفتاح. ويوفر جمع نظام هذه القصيدة مع تمثيل المعلم سقالة للطلاب يبين لهم كيف يفكرون بطريقة لينة مرونة ويطورون الأفكار ويختارون الكلمات المثيرة للانتباه. وفوق ذلك إن ترميز معلومات في قالب شعري هو طريقة لتثير الأفكار فيها من أجل الاستيلاء على مضمون المحتوى الهام والاحتفاظ به. لذا تشرح هذه المقالة إطارا تعليميا للمعلمين لتمديد هذا النوع من القصيدة إلى مجالات المحتوى. 离合诗使用垂直的英文字母写法把关键字词写出，使诗歌里每一行的首字母能组合成该关键字词。这样的公式化诗歌结构，结合教师的示范，能为学生提供一种支援，向他们展示如何灵活地思考、发展思路及选择有趣的关键字词。此外，把信息编码成诗歌形式，是一种捕捉及记忆重要内容的启发思考方法。本文描述一个教学框架，以便教师把离合诗写作延展到学科范畴的教学上。 Les poemes acrostiches utilisent un mot cle ecrit verticalement, ou chaque ligne du poeme commence par une lettre du mot cle. La structure de ce format de poesie associee a un modelage de la part de l'enseignant fournit un echafaudage aux eleves qui leur montre comment penser de facon souple, developper des idees et choisir des mots interessants. En outre, encoder de l'information sous forme poetique est une facon intellectuellement provocante de capter et de memoriser quelque chose d'important. Cet article presente un dispositif educatif destine aux enseignants en vue d'etendre la poesie acrostiche a differents domaines de connaissance. Акростих – это стихотворение, где каждая строка начинается с определенной буквы, а вместе эти буквы составляют читаемое по вертикали ключевое слово. Учитель демонстрирует школьникам, как можно работать с этой стихотворной формой, благодатной для развития собственных идей и гибкости ума, а также для подбора интересных слов. Кроме того, чтобы облечь информацию в поэтическую форму необходимо глубоко вникнуть в содержание. В статье предложен метод применения акростихов в различных предметных областях. En los poemas acrosticos, las letras iniciales de los versos forman un vocablo. La estructura de este formulario poetico junto con demostraciones de la maestra crea una plataforma que les muestra a los estudiantes como pensar con flexibilidad, como desarrollar ideas y como usar palabras interesantes. Ademas, codificar informacion en un poema es una manera intelectualmente estimulante de capturar y recordar contenido importante. Este articulo describe un marco de instruccion para los maestros que quieran usar poemas acrosticos en areas de contenido.
On determining the distribution of software response times

This paper reports on a simulation model for predicting software response time in symmetric distributed computing systems. This model extends previous work by considering a collection of similar processing elements connected together by some interconnection mechanism. The model also extends previous work by considering stimuli that require processing at multiple priority levels.The paper begins by describing the nature of the problem. In this section, the overall problem is decomposed so that attention may be focused on the software response, the topic of this report. Next a model is formulated. The coding of the model in GPSS/H is described. Finally, sample results are presented.
Characteristics and efficacy of early psychological interventions in children and adolescents after single trauma: a meta-analysis.

Background: Single traumatising events are associated with an elevated rate of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. To date, it remains unclear whether early psychological interventions can reduce longer term psychological maladjustment. Objective: To systematically review the literature to determine the characteristics and efficacy of early psychological interventions in children and adolescents after a single, potentially-traumatising event. Design: Systematic searches were conducted of all relevant bibliographic databases. Studies on early psychological interventions were included if the first session was conducted within 1 month of the event. Two independent observers assessed each study for eligibility, using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and rated the study’s methodological quality. A meta-analysis was conducted on the group effects between individuals allocated to intervention versus control groups. Hence, effect sizes (ES) and confidence intervals were computed as well as heterogeneity and analogue-to-the ANOVA analyses. Results: Seven studies (including four randomised controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. Depending on the specific outcome variable (e.g., dissociation, anxiety and arousal), small to large beneficial ES were noted. Although the meta-analysis revealed unexplained heterogeneity between the ES of the included studies, and although studies varied greatly with regards to their methodological quality and the interventions tested, findings suggest that early interventions should involve psycho-education, provide individual coping-skills and probably involve some kind of trauma exposure. Also, a stepped procedure that includes an initial risk screen and the provision of multiple sessions to those children at risk may be a promising strategy. Conclusions: To date, research on the effectiveness of early interventions in children after a potentially traumatising event remains scarce. However, our review suggests that early interventions may be helpful. Keywords: systematic review; PTSD; post-traumatic stress; crisis intervention; critical incident stress debriefing (Published: 15 December 2011) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2011, 2 : 7858 - DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.7858 For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Reading Tools).
Real-time three-dimensional TEE-guided repair of a paravalvular leak after mitral valve replacement

Paravalvular leaks are well-known complications seen following cardiac valve surgery. We report a case in which real-time three-dimensional TEE (3D-TEE) was utilized intraoperatively to identify the number, severity, and precise locations of a paravalvular leak at the time of surgery for mitral valve replacement.
Z-contrast Tomography of Nanoscale Heterogeneous Catalysts

Most industrial catalysts are high-surface-area solids such as amorphous or crystalline oxides, onto which an active component (often clusters of a metal, metal oxide, or metal sulfide, often including high-Z contrast elements) is dispersed in the form of very small clusters or particles [1,2]. So far, metal clusters on support have been restricted almost entirely to group 8 metals but recently supported early transition metal catalysts exemplified by tantalum clusters on SiO2 have been reported [3]. Catalyst performance is sensitive to cluster size, because the surface structure, electronic properties and cluster–support interactions depend on this size. The location of metal particles and their orientation with respect to the support material are also important in determining catalytic properties. For example, partial coverage of the metal by an amorphous oxide can influence the catalytic activity and selectivity [2].
Architecture and Blocking

We discuss theoretical approaches to blocking effects, with particular emphasis on cases in which words appear to block phrases (and perhaps vice versa). These approaches share at least one intuiti...
Towards temperature-stable level shifters

A family of temperature stable level shifter circuits, covering a wide range of voltage level shifts, is presented in this paper. Design analysis is provided for both shift-up and shift-down circuits. Circuits are designed in 0.13 µm BiCMOS technology, and simulation results are presented.
Hypocholesterolemia and hypocortisolemia in acute and terminal Babesia bovis infection

Sera from Babesia bovis-infected cross-bred cows and purebred steers were evaluated throughout the course of acute Babesia bovis infection for cholesterol and cortisol concentrations. Cholesterol and cortisol values of survival cattle became markedly reduced (< 50% of normal values) during the acute phase of the disease, Days 10–15 postinoculation, and returned to essentially normal values by the end of the 35 day experimental period. The combined control group values were approximately 2.98 mM/l cholesterol and 0.085 mM/l cortisol throughout the experimental period. The results suggest that if normal synthesis of cholesterol by hepacytes or other tissues is not maintained, then cholesterol-derived compounds such as cortisol may not be produced at levels adequate to protect against the effects of stress and cell damage during the disease process.
Imaging of Brain Perivascular Spaces

While they tend to cluster normally around the anterior commissure, prominent PVSs can be seen normally in virtually any location in the brain, at virtually all ages. Giant “tumefactive” PVSs can assume a spectrum of bizarre appearances and should not be mistaken for neoplasm. The pial-lined, interstial fluid-filled PVSs provide a natural route of spread for a spectrum of infectious, inflammatory, demyelinating and neoplastic diseases to involve the brain parenchyma.
Teaching Staff Members to Provide Choice Opportunities for Adults with Multiple Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a staff training package on staff members' ability to present single-stimulus choice opportunities in daily routines for four adults with profound mental retardation and severe physical disabilities. A multiple baseline across staff member/adult dyads was used to evaluate the effects of a three-component training package involving a consultation meeting, in vivo training using modeling and practice sessions, and feedback on the behavior of staff members and adults. Results showed an increase in the number of choices provided by the staff members and the number of choices made by the adults with disabilities. The changes in staff member behavior and adult responses were maintained immediately following training and at 1- and 3-month follow ups. Generalization data showed increased choice opportunities during the lunch routine with the same adult and during the dressing and grooming routine with another adult. Advantages of structuring choice opportunities using sin...
A prospective test of distal and proximal determinants of smoking initiation in early adolescents

This study tests a broad array of determinants of utility for developing smoking preventive interventions using a population-based cohort of early adolescents. Multivariable logistic regressions using never-smokers at baseline (N=1137; age 11-14) showed a model of distal determinants was more predictive of initiation within the approximate 10 month follow up period than one of proximal determinants. When all determinants were simultaneously considered, lesser academic achievement and fewer environmental impediments to smoking most strongly predicted initiation. The findings are consistent with some current smoking prevention programs, however such programs may be further potent by using theory-based social development approaches and through reducing tobacco availability or social contexts where youth can smoke without another adult knowing.
Condition numbers, iterative refinement and error bounds

Concentration estimates of components present in a sample mixture can be obtained using matrix mathematics. In the past, the condition number of the calibration matrix has been used to give an amplification factor by which uncertainties in data can work through to errors in the concentration estimates. This paper explores an additional interpretation of condition numbers with regards to significant figures and rounding errors. A procedure is suggested which will always give the most accurate concentration estimates provided the calibration matrix is not too ill-conditioned. Condition numbers have also been used by analytical chemists to discuss the error bounds for concentration estimates. Unfortunately, only one representative error bound can be approximated for all the components. This paper will show how to compute bounds for individual concentration estimates obtained as solutions to a system of m equations and n unknowns. The procedure is appropriate when calibration data and sample responses are inaccurate.
Preparation of High-Tc Oxide Films via Flaming Solvent Spray

Thick films of the high-temperature superconductors YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} and Bi{sub 1.7}Pb{sub 0.3}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10} have been prepared by spraying an ignited ethanol, ethylene glycol, or liquid ammonia solution of stoichiometric amounts of the metal nitrates (or acetates) onto polycrystalline MgO. The flaming spray is mechanically forced to traverse a region directly in front of the substrates. This new method is simple and inexpensive, and eliminates the problem of substrate cooling encountered in normal spray pyrolysis methods. Since decomposition of the solvent and metal salts occurs before deposition, the resulting films are relatively free of craters and nonuniformities common with spray methods. The method can be adapted to coat large areas and irregular or nonplanar shapes (i.e., cylinders), which could have useful magnetic shielding properties. The films were characterized by XRD and show single-phase material with preferred c-axis orientation. For YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}, resistance v.s. temperature measurements show a T{sub c} onset at 90 K and a T{sub c0} at 76 K. Silver nitrate has been added to some of the solutions in an attempt to improve contact among individual grains. 21 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Evaluation of Two Approaches for Aligning Data Obtained from a Motion Capture System and an In-Shoe Pressure Measurement System

An in-shoe pressure measurement (IPM) system can be used to measure center of pressure (COP) locations, and has fewer restrictions compared to the more conventional approach using a force platform. The insole of an IPM system, however, has its own coordinate system. To use an IPM system along with a motion capture system, there is thus a need to align the coordinate systems of the two measurement systems. To address this need, the current study examined two different approaches—rigid body transformation and nonlinear mapping (i.e., multilayer feed-forward neural network (MFNN))—to express COP measurements from an IPM system in the coordinate system of a motion capture system. Ten participants (five male and five female) completed several simulated manual material handling (MMH) activities, and during these activities the performance of the two approaches was assessed. Results indicated that: (1) performance varied between MMH activity types; and (2) a MFNN performed better than or comparable to the rigid body transformation, depending on the specific input variable sets used. Further, based on the results obtained, it was argued that a nonlinear mapping vs. rigid body transformation approach may be more effective to account for shoe deformation during MMH or potentially other types of physical activity.
Isolation and characterization of a large molecular-weight polypeptide of herpes simplex virus type 1

Abstract Infection of human embryonic lung cells at the nonpermissive temperature (39°) with tsB2, a DNA-negative mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) resulted in the accumulation of a large molecular-weight (175,000) virus-induced polypeptide detectable by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This polypeptide (VP175) was detectable only in small amounts and was found mainly in the nuclear fraction of cells infected with tsB2 at the permissive temperature (34°) or with wild-type HSV-1 at both 34° and 39°. However at 39° VP175 accumulated to become the major component in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of tsB2-infected cells. Identical results were obtained with a second mutant (tsB21) in the same complementation group. Temperature-shift studies suggest that the events responsible for the accumulation of VP175 at 39° occur early in the replicative cycle. With the use of a combination of SDS-preparative and analytical disc gel electrophoresis, VP175 was isolated and rabbit antisera to this polypeptide were prepared. By immunofluorescence assay, anti-VP175 sera reacted only with the nucleus of wild-type HSV-1-infected cells, whereas tsB2-infected cells cultured at 39° showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear immunofluorescence. In addition, the anti-VP175 serum reacted preferentially with HSV-1 as compared with HSV-2-infected cells, suggesting a possible type specificity for the reagent.