cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LW-GCN: A Lightweight FPGA-based Graph Convolutional Network Accelerator.

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been introduced to effectively process non-euclidean graph data. However, GCNs incur large amounts of irregularity in computation and memory access, which prevents efficient use of traditional neural network accelerators. Moreover, existing dedicated GCN accelerators demand high memory volumes and are difficult to implement onto resource limited edge devices. In this work, we propose LW-GCN, a lightweight FPGA-based accelerator with a software-hardware co-designed process to tackle irregularity in computation and memory access in GCN inference. LW-GCN decomposes the main GCN operations into sparse-dense matrix multiplication (SDMM) and dense matrix multiplication (DMM). We propose a novel compression format to balance workload across PEs and prevent data hazards. Moreover, we apply data quantization and workload tiling, and map both SDMM and DMM of GCN inference onto a uniform architecture on resource limited hardware. Evaluation on GCN and GraphSAGE are performed on Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA with three popular datasets. Compared to existing CPU, GPU, and state-of-the-art FPGA-based accelerator, LW-GCN reduces latency by up to 60x, 12x and 1.7x and increases power efficiency by up to 912x., 511x and 3.87x, respectively. Furthermore, compared with NVIDIA's latest edge GPU Jetson Xavier NX, LW-GCN achieves speedup and energy savings of 32x and 84x, respectively.
Coupled Oscillations of Aircraft Engine-Propeller Systems

The coupled oscillations of a flexible propeller and an aircraft engine with arbitrary number of cranks is investigated. In the first part of this paper a practical method is developed to determine the complete dynamical characteristics of a rotating vibrating propeller of arbitrary shape, and the legitimacy of the approximations is checked with a numerical example. In the second part the first nine torsional frequencies of a V-12 engine, with a flexible propeller are calculated and compared to the frequencies of the free-wheeling propeller and those obtained by considering the propeller as rigid. The simultaneous influence of the engine speed on all nine frequencies and the general procedure to compute the complete critical speed spectrum are also indicated.
Semiotics “Today”: The Twentieth-Century Founding and Twenty-First-Century Prospects

The present chapter undertakes to provide an overview of the twentieth century semiotic development, as well as to attempt a projection of the twenty-first century trajectory semiotics, is bound to follow in the transition (or transformation) from the modern Enlightenment intellectual culture between Descartes (1650††) and (1914†)Peirce to the truly postmodern intellectual culture within which the development of semiotics has proven to be the central positive force.
Truth, Trust, and Turing – Implications for Modeling and Simulation

This chapter has been written as the introduction to the book “Ontology, Epistemology, and Teleology of Modeling and Simulation – Philosophical Foundations for Intelligent M&S Applications.” It covers the main ideas important for modeling and simulation regarding its philosophical, computational, and conceptual aspects. What exists, how we come to know, and what we do with the knowledge are the guiding questions when the key terms are evaluated in the light of positivism, rationalism, and constructivism. Implications for a canon of research are described, and the constraints for modeling and simulation regarding truth, trust, and computability are derived. A short summary of the chapter contributions in the light of these ideas ends the chapter.
Fatigue and fracture behavior of (Zr58Ni13.6Cu18Al10.4)99Nb1 bulk-amorphous alloy

Abstract The fatigue and fracture behaviors of the (Zr58Ni13.6Cu18Al10.4)99Nb1 bulk amorphous alloy are investigated by four-point-bend fatigue tests. The material shows a fatigue–endurance limit and fatigue ratio of 559 MPa and ∼ 0.328, respectively. The fracture toughness is estimated to be about 26–43 MPa m . Shear bands were found to be oriented greater than 45° on the tension surface and smaller than 45° on the compression surface, with respect to the outer fiber-stress direction of the sample. The density of the shear bands on the tension side is greater than that on the compression side. Many wavy shear bands perpendicular to the outer fiber-stress direction also formed on the tension and compression surfaces during the fatigue process. The fracture surface can be divided into four regions: crack initiation, crack propagation, fast fracture, and melting regions. The fracture mechanism is discussed.
Chronic Fatigue in Children: Illness or Disease?

To the Editor.— Recently, Van Aerde1 strongly criticized the study by Smith and colleagues2 on grounds that the authors confused the symptom "chronic fatigue" with "chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)," because many of their patients failed to meet published criteria3 for CFS. In this regard, it is useful to differentiate "illness" from "disease," as recently done by Green and Stuy.4 "Illness" can be viewed as a disvalued change that occurs in a person9s state of being, whereas "disease" more specifically refers to a detrimental series of biological or pathogenetic events.
Sleep, brain energy levels, and food intake: Relationship between hypothalamic ATP concentrations, food intake, and body weight during sleep-wake and sleep deprivation in rats.

The feeling of hunger and feeding, a wake–state-dependent behavior, is regulated by specific centers within the hypothalamus. While paraventricular nucleus (PVN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and dorso- and ventromedial hypothalamus (DMH/VMH) regulate feeding, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is associated both with feeding and wake/REM sleep regulation. In order to examine the effects of sleep and wakefulness on food intake and body weight, we also measured hypothalamic ATP concentrations, which are known to be involved in feeding behavior and sleep–wake regulation. In rats, food intake and body weight was measured during a 24-h light–dark cycle and during 6 h of sleep deprivation (SD) performed by gentle handling. Tissue samples from the PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH, and LH were collected after 6 h of SD and from time-matched diurnal controls. ATP was measured by luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay. Across the 24-h light–dark period, rats consumed approximately 28.13±4.48 g of food and gained 5.22±1.65 g with a positive correlation between food intake and body weight. During SD, while food intake increased significantly +147.31±6.13%, they lost weight significantly (–93.29±13.64%) when compared to undisturbed controls. SD resulted in a significant decrease in ATP levels only in LH (–44.60±21.13%) with no change in PVN, ARC/DMH/VMH region when compared with undisturbed controls. The results indicate a strong overall correlation between ATP concentrations in the LH and individual food intake and suggest a sleep–wake dependent neuronal control of food intake and body weight.
Reaction of Δ5,6-Steroids with PhIO/NaN3/CH3COOH, Synthesis of 7α-Azidosteroids

Abstract Δ5,6-Steroids react with iodosobenzene, acetic acid and sodium azide to yield the corresponding 7α-azidosteroids. For example 7α-azidocholest-5-en-3β-ol acetate (2c) was obtained from 3β-cholesteryl acetate (1c) using above reaction.
Paleoreconstruction of organic carbon inputs to an oxbow lake in the Mississippi River watershed: Effects of dam construction and land use change on regional inputs

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 42 (2015): 7983–7991, doi:10.1002/2015GL065595.
Spin exchange collision cross sections for fast hydrogen atoms incident on hydrogen or alkali atoms

Spin exchange cross sections have been calculated for hydrogen atoms with energy in the keV range incident on hydrogen or alkali-atom targets. The cross sections generally decrease with increasing energy, but also show oscillations as a function of the energy. For a hydrogen atom with an energy of 5 keV incident on a Na atom target, the total spin exchange cross sections is 1.2*10-15 cm2. The effect of spin exchange collisions on an optically pumped polarised H- ion source is analysed.
Phospholipase D in hormonal and stress signaling.

Abstract Phospholipase D (PLD) is a family of diverse enzymes that are differentially regulated by Ca 2+ , polyphosphoinositides, free fatty acids, G-proteins, N -acylethanolamines, and membrane lipid environments. Two new types of PLDs were identified in the past year: one is activated by oleic acid and the other requires no cation for activity. The oleate-stimulated PLD is associated with the plasma membrane and binds to microtubules. The Ca 2+ -independent PLD contains a PX and a PH domain, but not the Ca 2+ /phospholipid-binding C2 domain found in most plant PLDs. The mechanism by which Ca 2+ , phosphoinositides, and G proteins regulate certain PLDs is better understood. PLDs and their product phosphatidic acid are involved in various stress responses, including water deficits, salts, wounding, and elicitation. Increasing evidence supports a role of PLD in the abscisic acid signaling cascades.
Copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of bicyclic tertiary amines

Abstract In their copper(II) and cobalt(II) chloride complexes, triethylamine (Et3N) and N,N, N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEN) are contrasted sterically with their bicyclic analogues, quinuclidine (QUIN) and triethylenediamine (TEDA). Cobalt(II) chloride forms an unstable higher (pink) complex with TMEN in addition to the previously known (blue) 1:1 complex, while copper(II) chloride does not. The complexes CuCl2·QUIN and CoCl2·2QUIN have been prepared, which contrast with the previously reported CuCl2·2Et3N and CoCl2·Et3N. TEDA coordinates to copper (II) in several ways, as illustrated by the compounds CuCl3· 1 2 TEDA , CuCl2·TEDA, and HTEDA [CuCl3·TEDA]; it gives indefinite tetrahedral complexes with cobalt(II). Spectral and magnetic data are presented.
Gastrointestinal symptoms are more intense in morbidly obese patients.

Background: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. However, little information is available on gastrointestinal (GI) symptomatology in this population. This study compares GI symptoms in morbidly obese patients to that of control subjects. Methods: A previously validated, 19-point GI symptom questionnaire was administered prospectively to each patient seen for surgical consultation for morbid obesity. The symptoms were then grouped into 6 clusters as follows: (1) abdominal pain, (2) irritable bowel, (3) GERD, (4) reflux, (5) sleep disturbance, (6) dysphagia. The result of each cluster of symptoms expressed as mean ± standard deviation of obese versus control is compared using student’s t-test with significance p = 0.05. Results: Forty-three patients (40 female, 3 male) age 37.3 ± 8.6 with BMI 47.8 ± 4.9, and 36 healthy control subjects (23 female, 13 male), age 39.8 ± 11.2, completed the questionnaire. Results of each cluster for morbid obese vs control subjects are expressed as mean ± standard deviation: Abdominal pain 25.3 ± 18.0 vs 12.1 ± 11.4, p = 0.0002; irritable bowel 23.0 ± 14.8 vs 15.6 ± 13.3, p = 0.02; GERD 40.3 ± 18.9 vs 22.3 ± 16.1, p = 0.0001; reflux 29.9 ± 19.0 vs 11.8 ± 13.4, p = 0.0001; sleep disturbance 50.6 ± 28.9 vs 32.9 ± 26.8, p = 0.006; dysphagia 10.9 ± 15.6 vs 7.2 ± 10.6, p = NS. Conclusions: Morbidly obese patients experience more intense GI symptoms than normal subjects, whereas dysphagia is equivalent to normal subjects. These data may be important in counseling patients and understanding that their complaints are legitimate. Follow-up in the postoperative period is needed to determine if these symptoms are improved with an operation.
Integrated human-machine intelligence

Abstract This paper presents an artificial intelligence approach to integrated human-machine intelligence in space systems. It discusses the motivations for Intelligent Assistant Systems in both nominal and abnormal situations. The problem of constructing procedures is shown to be a very critical issue. In particular, keeping procedural experience in both design and operation is critical. We suggest what artificial intelligence can offer in this direction. Some crucial problems induced by this approach are discussed in detail. Finally, we analyze the various roles that would be shared by both astronauts, ground operators, and the intelligent assistant system.
Rehabilitation of the burn patient

Rehabilitation is an essential and integral part of burn treatment. It is not something which takes place following healing of skin grafts or discharge from hospital; instead it is a process that starts from day one of admission and continues for months and sometimes years after the initial event. Burns rehabilitation is not something which is completed by one or two individuals but should be a team approach, incorporating the patient and when appropriate, their family. The term 'Burns Rehabilitation' incorporates the physical, psychological and social aspects of care and it is common for burn patients to experience difficulties in one or all of these areas following a burn injury. Burns can leave a patient with severely debilitating and deforming contractures, which can lead to significant disability when left untreated. The aims of burn rehabilitation are to minimise the adverse effects caused by the injury in terms of maintaining range of movement, minimising contracture development and impact of scarring, maximising functional ability, maximising psychological wellbeing, maximising social integration.
The effect of temperature upon foam fractionation

An experimental investigation is presented of the effect of temp on the foam fractionation of the ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide-water system. Two feed concn, two foam heights, and a temp range of 14–54C are included. For each fixed set of values of feed concn and of foam height, the greater and lesser coefficients of fractionation are both increasing functions of temp. The effect of a variation in temp on the greater coefficient is more pronounced for more dilute feed solutions, and at greater foam heights. The effect of a temp change on the lesser coefficient is more pronounced for more concd feed solutions and is not related to foam height. At any fixed temp, an increase in feed concn at constant foam height generally decreases the greater coefficient and decreases the lesser coefficient. An increase in foam height at constant feed concn increases both coefficients. The greater and lesser coefficients may be related to temp by power equations with 5% accuracy. The above results may be explained qualitatively on the basis of the response of foam stability and drainage to temp.
Schedule of voucher delivery influences initiation of cocaine abstinence.

This study examined whether voucher delivery arrangements affect treatment outcome. First, 90 cocaine-dependent adults were randomly assigned to behavioral counseling or counseling plus vouchers for cocaine-free urine samples. The value of each voucher was low at the beginning but increased as the patient progressed (Voucher Schedule 1). Voucher Schedule 1 produced no improvements relative to counseling only. Next, 23 patients received vouchers on either Voucher Schedule 1 or Voucher Schedule 2. Voucher Schedule 2 began with high voucher values, but requirements for earning vouchers increased as the patient progressed. Average durations of cocaine abstinence were 6.9 weeks on Voucher Schedule 2 versus 2.0 weeks on Voucher Schedule 1 (p = .02). This confirms that vouchers can assist in initiating abstinence and that voucher delivery arrangements are critical.
Nitrogen limitation in dryland ecosystems: Responses to geographical and temporal variation in precipitation

We investigated the relationship between plant nitrogen limitation and water availability in dryland ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that at lower levels of annual precipitation, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is limited primarily by water whereas at higher levels of precipitation, it is limited primarily by nitrogen. Using a literature survey of fertilization experiments in arid, semi-arid, and subhumid ecosystems, we investigated the response of ANPP to nitrogen addition as a function of variation in precipitation across geographic gradients, as well as across year-to-year variation in precipitation within sites. We used four different indices to assess the degree of N limitation: (1) Absolute Increase of plant production in response to fertilization (the slope of ANPP vs. amount of added N at different levels of annual precipitation); (2) Relative Response (the percent increase in fertilized over control ANPP at different levels of N addition); (3) Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE, the absolute gain in productivity per amount of fertilizer N), and (4) Maximum Response (the greatest absolute increase in ANPP at saturating levels of N addition). Relative Response to fertilization did not significantly increase with increasing precipitation either across the geographic gradient or across year-to-year variation within sites. Nor did the Maximum Response to fertilization increase with increasing precipitation across the geographic gradient. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the Absolute Increase and FUE indices with both geographical and temporal variation in precipitation. Together, these results indicate that there is not necessarily a shift of primary limitation from water to N across the geographic water availability gradient. Instead, our results support the hypothesis of co-limitation. The apparently contradictory results from the four indices of N limitation can best be explained by an integration of plant ecophysiological, community, and ecosystem mechanisms whereby plants are co-limited by multiple resources, species shifts occur in response to changing resource levels, and nitrogen and water availability are tightly linked through biogeochemical feedbacks.
Electrothermal simulation of SOI CMOS analog integrated circuits

An analytical approach, combining a heat flow device model for SOI devices and a thermal model for interconnects, is presented for electrothermal simulation of SOI analog integrated circuits. The proposed approach is able to account for large temperature gradients in device, heat exchanges between devices, heat losses from the silicon islands and interconnects to the substrate through oxide, and temperature influences on electronic characteristics. Electrothermal simulations of SOI analog integrated circuits in SPICE coupled with the proposed approach are performed and compared with the isothermal model using the BSIMSOI thermal circuit. Heat flow, thermal coupling and self-heating effects in some SOI analog integrated circuits influenced by non-isothermal effects are examined. Limitations of the BSIMSOI isothermal is discussed.
1- to 10-keV x-ray backlighting of annular wire arrays on the Sandia Z-machine using bent-crystal imaging techniques

Annular wire array implosions on the Sandia Z-machine can produce >200 TW and 1-2 MJ of soft x rays in the 0.1-10 keV range. The x-ray flux and debris in this environment present significant challenges for radiographic diagnostics. X-ray backlighting diagnostics at 1865 and 6181 eV using spherically-bent crystals have been fielded on the Z-machine, each with a ~ 0.6 eV spectral bandpass, 10 μm spatial resolution, and a 4 mm by 20 mm field of view. The Z-Beamlet laser, a 2-TW, 2-kJ Nd:glass laser (λ=527 nm), is used to produce 0.1-1 J x-ray sources for radiography. The design, calibration, and performance of these diagnostics is presented.
Thoughts about representative government

Abstract This is a general discussion of what we know and do not know about representative government. It deals with legislatures, direct voting, the veto process in the United States, and similar topics. It raises more questions than it gives answers.
Effect and extraction of series resistance in Al2O3-InGaAs MOS with bulk-oxide trap

The effect of parasitic series resistance in the accumulation region has been investigated under the framework of the distributed bulk-oxide trap model. It is shown that while the series resistance may be too small to impact the total capacitance, it can have a significant effect on the total conductance by adding a term ∝ ∝ 2 . It leads to a proposal of an extraction method for series resistance. The enhanced bulk-oxide trap model with series resistance as well as dielectric leakage can explain the uncommon conductance frequency dispersion data for an Al 2 O 3 -InGaAs MOS capacitor with 2.5 nm thin Al 2 O 3 layer.
Dietary cholesterol degrades rabbit long term memory for discrimination learning but facilitates acquisition of discrimination reversal

We have shown previously that feeding dietary cholesterol before learning can improve acquisition whereas feeding cholesterol after learning can degrade long term memory. To examine these different findings within a single paradigm, we fed groups of rabbits 2% cholesterol or normal chow with or without 0.12 ppm copper added to the drinking water following two-tone discrimination learning of the nictitating membrane response in which a 8-kHz tone (conditioned stimulus, CS+) was followed by air puff and a 1-kHz tone (CS−) was not. After eight weeks on the diet, we assessed the rabbits’ conditioned responding during testing and retraining. We then reversed the two-tone discrimination and assessed responding to the 1-kHz tone CS+ and the 8-kHz CS−. During testing, rabbits given cholesterol without copper had lower levels of responding to CS+ than rabbits in the other groups suggesting they did not retain the discrimination as well. However, during a brief discrimination retraining session, their response levels to the CS+ returned to the level of the other groups, demonstrating a return of the memory of the original discrimination. At the end of discrimination reversal, these same rabbits exhibited superior discrimination indexed by lower response levels to CS− but similar levels to CS+, suggesting they were better able to acquire the new relationship between the two tones by inhibiting CS− responses. These results add to our previous data by showing cholesterol diet-induced degradation of an old memory and facilitation of a new memory can both be demonstrated within a discrimination reversal paradigm. Given discrimination reversal is a hippocampally-dependent form of learning, the data support the role of cholesterol in modifying hippocampal function as we have shown previously with in vitro brain slice recordings.
Influenza vaccination knowledge and perceptions among Veterans Affairs nurses

Flu vaccination among nurses in the Veterans Health Administration system is crucial in the prevention of influenza. Nurses working at a Veterans Administration Medical Center completed the Influenza Vaccination Knowledge and Perceptions Survey. The findings from this survey suggest the need for additional education for nurses as it relates to flu vaccination.
Messages encoded in the songs of chestnut-sided warblers

Abstract Chestnut-sided warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica , song repertoires contain two distinct categories of songs, accented-ending and unaccented-ending, which differ in patterns of geographical variation, mode of development and circumstances of use. To determine whether the song categories also differ in the information they make available to listeners, a multivariate model of associations between song category and social and environmental factors was derived from two large samples of singing behaviour. The model showed that song categories encode information about a singer's location, immediate social situation and behavioural tendencies. Accented-ending songs were connected to unmated status, interaction with females and stationary singing in territory centers, but unaccented-ending songs were associated with singing near territorial borders or other males and with tendencies to move and/or fight. The predictive power of song category was not absolute. Instead, each song category encoded a set of behavioural possibilities. More specific messages are probably encoded in finer-level signal variation.
Premature in‐bore separation of sabot‐jacketed projectiles

The premature separation of saboted projectiles undergoing high-mach-number in-bore acceleration is investigated. Results from a simplified numerical model for the problem are presented. Measured short-term velocity history for a typical projectile is used to describe the motion of a nonuniformly accelerating piston. Two numerical algorithms for calculating the shocked flow in tront of the accelerating piston are presented. Mach number and pressure time histories for the flow afford corrective input to the sabot design process. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Observed Microphysical Structure of Midlevel, Mixed-Phase Clouds

Abstract This paper analyzes airborne measurements of six midlevel clouds observed over the Great Plains of the United States in late 1999 and early 2000 during the fifth of the Complex Layered-Cloud Experiments (CLEX-5). Data show that these innocuous-looking clouds display complicated microphysical and thermodynamic structures. Five of the six cases exhibit mixed-phase conditions in temperatures ranging from near 0° to −31°C, at altitudes of 2400 to 7200 m MSL. Four of the cases consist of a single cloud layer, while the other two are multilayered systems. In the thin, mixed-phase, single-layered clouds that the authors observed, there is an increase of liquid water content with altitude, whereas the ice water content maximizes in the mid- to lower part of the clouds. This contrasts the two multilayered systems the authors observed, in which significant amounts of ice occur in the top as well as the bottom of the individual layers of each system. A lack of significant temperature inversions or wind shea...
GENERALIZATION OF THE IMMIGRATION AND THE STABLE POPULATION MODEL

Building upon an idea presented by Espenshade, Bouvier and Arthur (1982) about the eventual stationarity of a population subjected to a net reproduction rate of less than one and a constant stream of immigration, this note reports the consequences upon the birth trajectory for all possible values of the net reproduction rate. It has been shown that when the net reproduction rate is equal to one, the number of births increases linearly with time. As may be expected, the increase is exponential for values of net reproduction rate greater than one.
Common & particular needs: a challenge to participatory design

A design story about the design of a visualization for controllers who monitor IBM's controls process, provides the backdrop for reflections on the success of a participatory design process. The story illustrates that while the design process appears to lead to a successful general technical solution, the solution fairs less well when viewed from the perspectives of: support for evolving work practices, or support for the particular and contextual tasks of individuals. This leads us to reframe our participatory design process as the design and socialization of end-user programming tools.
Wine Economics: Emergence, Developments, Topics

Fine wine has a few characteristics that differentiate it from other agricultural commodities and beverages rendering it an interesting topic for economists. Fine wine can regularly fetch bottle prices that exceed several thousand dollars. It can be stored a long time and may increase in value with age. Fine wine quality and prices are extraordinarily sensitive to fluctuations in the weather of the year in which the grapes were grown. Wine is an experience good: that is, consumers often rely on “expert opinion” regarding quality and maturation prospects. This article describes the emergence and the unparalleled rise of wine economics since the 1980s to the present time and sheds light on its three main topics: finance, climate change and the role of expert opinion.
Monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma of the head and neck: Report of two cases and review of the literature

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant tumor of primitive Report of Cases undifferentiated mesenchymal origin comprising up to 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas.’ The classic histopathologic biphasic synovial sarcoma, consisting of two distinct cell types in varying proportions and patterns, is easily recognized. The epithelial component is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells that commonly form duct-like structures, adjacent to fascicles of spindle-shaped cells with oval nuclei and indistinct cytoplasm. Controversy exists in the literature regarding the presence of a monophasic variety of synovial sarcoma, which fails to display epithelial cells and is composed exclusively of broad sheets of spindle cells. Some pathologists are hesitant to confirm the presence of synovial sarcoma when only one cell type, either spindle or epithelial, is present, because the differential diagnosis of histologically similar tumors is extensive. Mackenzie* states that histologic identification of the biphasic pattern is mandatory in the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. More recently, however, the monophasic synovial sarcoma, consisting solely of spindle cells, has gained more acceptance as a distinct entity, because positive identification can he documented with the use of immunohistochemical tumor markers. The occurrence of a monophasic variety of synovial sarcoma, either spindle cell or epithelial, in the head and neck is extremely rare, there have heen only four cases reported in the literature,3,4 with three representing metastatic lesions (Table 1). This report presents two cases of primary monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma of the head and neck. CASE l* A 28-year-old white man presented with a Cmonth history of right submandibular swelling. He had been treated by a general dentist with incision and drainage and oral antibiotics for a presumed odontogenic infection, without resolution of the mass. The patient complained of slight tenderness of the right neck mass, trismus, and decreased tongue mobility, but denied dyspnea or dysphagia. On physical examination, an 8 X g-cm firm, nonmobile, slightly tender, right anterior cervical neck mass was present. There was no lymphadenopathy. The uvula was deviated to the left, with right palatal draping. A computed tomographic (CT) scan was interpreted as a right submandibular abscess with central necrosis (Fig 1). An incisional biopsy performed through a previous incision and drainage site revealed a poorly differentiated malignant tumor with epithelial features. A metastatic work-up, i’ncluding panendoscopy, bone scan, liver function tests, and head and chest CT scans, was negative.
Photoactive Ruthenium Nitrosyls: Effects of Light and Potential Application as NO Donors.

Abstract In recent years, various exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donors have been synthesized to modulate NO concentrations in cellular environments and control physiological processes that are regulated by NO. Transition metal complexes of NO (metal nitrosyls) are one such class of NO donors. Since complexes of ruthenium are in general more stable, a variety of ruthenium nitrosyls have been isolated and studied in detail in terms of their NO donating capacities. A large number of {Ru–NO} 6 type of nitrosyls release NO upon exposure to UV light. Several research groups have studied their photochemistry to evaluate their potential as NO donors under the control of light. In general, the nitrosyls with non-porphyrin ligands (such as amines, Schiff bases, thiolates and ligands with carboxamide groups) readily release NO upon illumination and generate Ru(III) photoproducts. In contrast, NO photorelease from ruthenium nitrosyls derived from porphyrins remains limited due to rapid recombination. In some cases, the {Ru–NO} 6 nitrosyls are photochemically converted to nitrite species (especially in water at neutral pH) while a few afford Ru(II) photoproducts. UV irradiation of selected ruthenium nitrosyls in the solid state results in NO linkage isomerism. To date, notable progress has been made in the area of nitrosyl-polymer hybrids that could be used for site-specific delivery of NO. Various strategies have also been developed to make these nitrosyls release NO under the influence of visible and/or near IR light. Although some ruthenium nitrosyls are stable under physiological conditions and are capable to NO delivery to proteins such as myoglobin and cytochrome c oxidase, so far success has been limited in using these nitrosyls as light-activated NO donors in cellular and tissue models. In this review, the effects of light on ruthenium nitrosyls derived from a wide variety of ligands (reported so far) have been summarized and their utility as NO donors have been discussed.
Promoting health, promoting women: the construction of female and professional identities in the discourse of community health workers

Community health worker (CHW) programs are implemented in the third world and among racial minorities in the U.S. by public health professionals with the goal of improving people's access to basic health services. There is a shared view that women's roles as mothers make them effective CHWs because most health practices are located within the realm of the family. The objective of this paper is to inquire how and what concepts of woman are constructed and promoted in CHW programs. Viewing CHW as a discourse, I examine literature on CHWs using a critical feminist perspective and insights from narrative and rhetorical analyses. I argue that CHW positions women living in the third world and non-white Hispanic women in the U.S. as the "other" woman. The natural attributes of this other woman include mother, care giver, oppressed, child-like, and victim of patriarchy, religion, poverty, and diseases. These attributes are used to define categories of the female such as "the third world woman" and "Hispanic woman". These categories, in turn, define two unnamed opposite categories: "the first world woman" and "the public health professional". I conclude that CHW is a colonizing discourse and that public health professionals and feminists need to practice reflexivity.
Nuclear DNA amounts in pacific Crustacea.

Nuclear DNA amounts have been determined for 42 species of crustaceans bringing the total number of species with known nuclear DNA content to over 70. Genome size in Crustacea varies over a 25-fold range with a modal value of 2 to 3 pg haploid being common in many groups. Both average genome size and the amount of variability among species are characteristic for certain groups. A trend towards small genomes is evident in advanced and specialized crustacean groups. Somatic polyploidy is a very pronounced feature of the Crustacea. The data suggest that evolution by polyploidy may be more common in crustaceans than earlier data had indicated. These features and the presence of very characteristic satellite fractions in the nuclear DNA recommend the Crustacea for further studies in evolutionary genetics.
The Demand for Money in Socialist Tanzania

In advanced countries, monetary policy most often is employed in attempting to modify shortrun business cycle fluctuations, although longrun price stability is likewise an important objective. Less developed countries, understandably, place greater policy emphasis on long-run economic growth. For these countries, money expansion is frequently a major source of government revenue. Public demand for this newly created money, in turn, has important implications for critical macroeconomic variables such as incomes, prices, and interest rates. As a consequence, money demand plays a central role in the success or failure of development policies. Nevertheless, until recently, there was very little research on money demand in less developed countries. 1 Two early works were by Adekunle [1968] and Wong [1979], 2 Adekunle compared money demand functions for groups of countries which differed by their levels of development. Wong's study focused on the importance of including measures of credit restraint in money demand functions for developing countries. None of these studies contained data for African countries, many which did not receive political independence until the 1960's. Thus, very little is known about the monetary proclivities of people living on this continent. That gap in the literature was partially filled with the recent publication of three papers on money demand in Africa: Darrat [1985] on Kenya; Arize and Lott [1985] on Nigeria; and Domowitz and Elbadawi [1987] on the Sudan. This paper presents results of the study of money demand in Tanzania, an East African nation which obtained its independence in 196 l. To better understand the generality of its appli-
The effects of nicotine on the immune system

Although considerable work has been done on the potential health effects of smoking, little is known about the contribution of nicotine to those effects. This paper presents an overview of the immune system, and a discussion of the existing literature on the effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on immunity. Treatment with nicotine has been shown to influence all aspects of the immune system, including alterations in humoral and cellular immunity. In addition, preliminary data suggest that gender and genetic factors impact on the immunological effects of nicotine. Finally, the possible mechanisms that might mediate the effects of nicotine are discussed.
Efficiency in Transfer from the Anchored to Standard Golf Putter

The purpose of this paper is to explain the science behind motor skill transfer and describe a specific method for transferring from the long to the standard putter. The Challenge Point Framework for Motor Learning is used as the basis to describe the process of learning a new skill or for transferring from one skill to another, and is used to describe how this process can be significantly improved. Specific steps are prescribed that will significantly enhance the stress resistant learning and greatly increase one's potential to transfer from an anchored to standard putter with maximal efficiency.
Conservation Genetics in the Management of Desert Fishes

: The status and security of fishes in North American deserts have steadily declined in this century due to man's activities in this naturally fragile region. We address genetic aspects of the population structure of desert fishes as applicable to conservation and recovery programs by developing two zoogeographic models of isolation and gene flow. In the Death Valley model populations are isolated, with no chance of natural gene flow among them. Genetic diversity within populations tends to be low, but genetic divergence among populations within a species is high. In the Stream Hierarchy model, a complicated hierarchical genetic structure exists and is a function of geographic proximity and connectivity of habitats. Within-habitat genetic diversity tends to be higher, and among-habitat differentiation lower, than in the Death Valley model. These two systems must be recognized as distinct and managed differently. We also suggest three areas of experimentation needed to better understand and manage genetic stocks of desert fishes: relationships between heterozygosity and fitness, experimental mixing of similar stocks to examine effects of increased heterozygosity, and analysis of the relative roles of genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in local differentiation. Resuman: El estatus y la seguridad de los peces en los desiertos Norteamericanos ha empeorado a un ritmo sostenido durante este siglo debido a las actividades del hombre en esta region de naturaleza fragil. Discutimos aspectos geneticos de la estructura poblacional de peces del desierto con respecto a su aplicabilidad a programas de conservacion y recuperacion mediante el desarrollo de dos modelos zoogeograficos de aislamiento y frujo genetico. En el modelo de Death Valley, las poblaciones estan aisladas, sin ninguna oportunidad para el flujo de material genetico entre ellas. La diversidad genetica dentro de estas poblaciones tiende a ser baja, pero la divergencia genetica entre poblaciones de una especie dada es alta. En el modelo de stream hierarchy, existe una complicada estructura genetica jerarquizada y esta esta dada en funcion de la proximidad geografica y la conectividad de habitats. La diversidad genetica al interior de un habitat tiende a ser Mas alta y la differenciacion entre habitats mas baja que las del modelo de Death Valley. Debe reconocerse que estos dos sistemas son distintos y deben ser manejados differentemente. Tambien sugerimos tres areas de expetimentacion requeridas para comprender y manejar mejor los stocks geneticos de peces del desierto: relaciones entre heterocigoticidad y adecuacion, mezcla experimental de stocks similares para examinar los efectos al aumento de heterocigoticidad, y el analisis de los roles relativos de la adaptacion genetica y la plasticidad fenotipica con respecto en la differenciacion local.
Reducing Apoptosis of Porcine Cartilage through Mechanical Loading Following Impact Injury

Acute cartilage injury can induce apoptosis, which can lead to osteoarthritis later on in life. Mechanical loading has been shown to halt IL-1 induced cartilage degradation. This study investigated the effect of mechanical loading on chondrocyte apoptosis following a mechanical injury. We analyzed 8 mm cartilage plugs harvested from the trochlea region of 3 porcine knees. We impacted the cartilage plugs using a drop tower to induce an injury response. Twenty-four hours after impaction the cells were analyzed for total number of chondrocytes, chondrocyte viability, and histology, which included apoptotic TUNEL staining. These results indicate that mechanical loading has a beneficial effect on injured cartilage and may be used as an early intervention to preserve cell viability.
Ultrafast Pockels cells for the infrared.

The design and performance of a 2.25‐cm2‐aperture Pockels cell system for 10‐μm radiation is described. Pulses as short as 90 ps can be reliably generated with this device.
Cyclic changes in the level of the innate immune molecule, surfactant protein-a, and cytokines in vaginal fluid.

Problem Our knowledge of the innate host defenses in the vagina, a site where these defenses are essential to protecting the host upper reproductive tract from invasion by pathogens, is as yet rudimentary. Specifically, little is known about the pattern-recognition component of vaginal innate immunity, the relationship of pattern-recognition molecules to known cytokine levels, and the role of gonadal hormones in their regulation. Method of study We measured levels of Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A), a prototypic innate pattern-recognition protein, in vaginal fluid (VF) and correlated them with levels of IL-1β and IL-8, two cytokines known to be present in VF. Assays were carried out on VF collected over three consecutive cycles from ten healthy naturally cycling women who were sampled at three specific time points in the menstrual cycle. The three time points were chosen to enable correlation with distinct hormonal states. Results Both SP-A and cytokines levels were highest 5–6 days after menses (P < 0.05) and were significantly lower at ovulation and mid-luteal phase. Conclusion Surfactant Protein-A, like other host defense molecules in the reproductive tract, appears to be regulated by gonadal hormones.
Rapid Dinitrogen Fixation During Soybean Pod Fill Enhances Net Photosynthetic Output and Seed Yield: A New Perspective

(...) This paper, based on new experimental evidence obtained under carefully controlled laboratory conditions, seeks to review and reevaluate this conclusion. To test this claim, inoculated soybean plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of suboptimal urea or with an excess of either nitrate or nitrate plus urea (...)
Electrical and thermal conductivity of metallic potassium, over its entire liquid range, i.e., from the melting point (336·4°K) to the critical point (2450°K)

Abstract The thermal and electrical conductivities of metallic potassium are presented, both as a liquid and as saturated vapour, over its entire liquid temperature range, i.e., from the melting point (336·4°K) to the critical point (2450°K). Experimental data are now available up to ≅1450°K. Kinetic theory of dense gases permits one to estimate the critical thermal conductivity and from this estimate and the Wiedemann-Franz law (or the experimental Lorenz number) the electrical conductivity at the critical point can be derived. Using these two values as anchor points, coupled with the knowledge from the free-electron theory of metals that the critical values of both properties should be practically zero at the critical point, both the thermal and electrical conductivities are interpolated from the end of the experimental range to the critical point. Both γtherm, vs T and κ vs. T form smooth, slightly concave curves from the melting point to the critical point, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
An improved synthesis of 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporating isotopic labels

The title compound has been synthesized by a new route that requires less steps and gives higher overall yields than existing procedures. The synthesis makes use of low molecular weight starting materials that are commercially available in isotopically enriched forms and thereby enables the specific labelling of carbons in the pyrimidine ring. An improved synthesis of the versatile reagent methyl propiolate is also included.
Viscosity behavior of cationic gemini surfactants with long alkyl chains

Abstract Viscosity experiments were carried out on aqueous micellar solutions of the cationic gemini surfactants as a function of surfactant concentration, aging time, temperature and shear rate. The viscosity behavior of cationic gemini surfactants in dilute solution is closely related to the alkyl chains and spacer groups of gemini surfactants. The viscosities of some gemini surfactants solutions vary with aging time, such as 16–4–16 and 18–4–18. For 12–2–12, the viscosity of solution decreases with the increase of temperature. But for series of 16–s–16 and 18–s–18 with s = 2 or 3, the viscosity variations of them are particularly unusual with the increasing of temperature, which increase at first, then reach a peak and decrease in the end. The effect of shear rate on the micellar solution of 22–4–22 was investigated and shear-induced thickening was not observed at the experimental shear rate ranges.