cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stomatal heterogeneity in responses to humidity and temperature: Testing a mechanistic model

The role of stomatal heterogeneity in the response of stomatal conductance (gs ) to the mole fraction difference in water vapour between the inside of the leaf and the ambient air (Δw) was determined using thermography and gas exchange for 3 species. The value of Δw for the leaf was varied in 2 different ways: first by varying air humidity while holding leaf temperature constant and second by varying leaf temperature while holding air humidity constant. Stomatal heterogeneity was explored by examining the response of gs in small areas of the leaf (as determined by thermography) and comparing them to each other and to the average value of gs (as determined by gas exchange). These analyses show that despite substantial heterogeneity in gs values, the response of gs to Δw was qualitatively similar in all areas of the leaf, and all responses of gs to Δw were well predicted by a recently proposed, vapour-phase mechanism for stomatal responses to temperature and humidity. Remarkably, the 2 model parameters, Θ and Z, that depend on leaf anatomy were constant for a given species, and only the maximum conductance varied in different regions of the leaf.
Lymphedema: Diagnostic workup and management

Lymphedema is a localized form of tissue swelling resulting from excessive retention of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial compartment. It is caused by impaired lymphatic drainage. Lymphedema is a chronic progressive disease with serious physical and psychosocial implications. It can be challenging to diagnose, especially in obese patients and in those with coexisting venous disease. We performed PubMed and Google Scholar searches of the English-language literature (1966-2017) using the terms lymphedema, lymphedema management, and lymphatic complications. Relevant publications were manually reviewed for additional resources. There are currently no standard guidelines for the diagnosis of lymphedema. There is no cure yet for lymphedema, and the objective for management is to limit disease progression and prevent complications.
Large-scale point-of-interest category prediction using natural language processing models

Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation is an important application in Location-based Social Networks (LBSN). The category prediction problem is to predict the next POI category that users may visit. The predicted category information is critical in large-scale POI recommendation because it can significantly reduce the prediction space and improve the recommendation accuracy. While efforts have been made to address the POI category prediction problem, several important challenges still exist. First, existing solutions did not fully explore the temporal dependency (e.g., “long range dependency”) of users' check-in traces. Second, the hidden contextual information associated with each check-in point has been underutilized. In this work, we propose a Context-Aware POI Category Prediction (CAP-CP) scheme using Natural Language Processing (NLP) models. In particular, to address temporal dependency challenge, we develop a novel Temporal Adaptive Ngram (TA-Ngram) model to capture the dynamic dependency between check-in points. To address the challenge of hidden context incorporation, CAP-CP leverages the Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) model to infer the semantic implications of the context variables in the prediction model. Empirical results on a real world dataset show that our scheme can effectively improve the performance of the state-of-the-art POI recommendation solutions.
Urodynamics in the Pediatric Patient: When to Order, How to Interpret

The goal of this review is to elucidate the role of urodynamics in the assessment and management of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in children. Many children with LUT dysfunction will improve with an explanation of bladder and bowel function, advice on fluid intake and bathroom schedules, and treatment of constipation. Among those who fail to respond, urodynamics may be useful in guidance. There are four types of urodynamic studies: non-invasive urodynamics, uroflow, invasive urodynamics, and videourodynamics. This review outlines the information that can be obtained from these studies. Biofeedback is a non-invasive urodynamic technique which involves the visualization of LUT function to teach the child control over these muscles particularly the pelvic floor muscle. In the absence of success, other options are available for LUT management. Patterns of non-invasive urodynamics can be helpful in diagnosing and planning care for children with LUT dysfunction particularly if the pattern is consistent with history and home bladder diaries. Many diagnoses respond to pelvic floor exercises taught by biofeedback. Constipation plays a large role in LUT dysfunction and may respond to diet, medication, and biofeedback. More invasive testing and treatment is available for the few who do not respond.
Antiviral Effects of Inhibiting Host Gene Expression

RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to probe the virus-host interface to understand the requirements for host-gene expression needed for virus replication. The availability of arrayed siRNA libraries has enabled a genome-scale, high-throughput analysis of gene pathways usurped for virus replication. Results from these and related screens have led to the discovery of new host factors that regulate virus replication. While effective delivery continues to limit development of RNAi-based drugs, RNAi-based genome discovery has led to identification of druggable targets. These validated targets enable rational development of novel antiviral drugs, including the rescue and repurposing of existing, approved drugs. Existing drugs with known cytotoxicity and mechanisms of action can potentially be re-targeted to regulate host genes and gene products needed by influenza to replicate. Drug repositioning is more cost-effective, less time-consuming, and more effective for anti-influenza virus drug discovery than traditional methods. In this chapter, a general overview of RNAi screening methods, host-gene discovery, and drug repurposing is examined with emphasis on utilizing RNAi to identify druggable genes that can be targeted for drug development or repurposing.
Making Real Options Real

NPV and economic profit (EP) ignore an important reality: business decisions in many industries and situations can be implemented flexibly through deferral, abandonment, expansion, or in a series of stages that in effect constitute real options. Recognizing real options can help decision makers assess the profitability of new projects and understand whether and when to proceed with the later phases of projects that have already been initiated, particularly when they are close to breakeven. Real options are especially valuable for projects that involve both a high level of uncertainty and opportunities to dispel it as new information becomes available.
Chained Bell Inequalities

An inequality that is chained usually becomes weaker; it is shown here that chaining the Bell inequality can actually lead to stronger violations by quantum mechanics.
The Early Bird Waits for the Worm: May Federal Judgments Be Registered Prior to Appeal?

The federal registration statute, codified at 28 U.S.C. § 1963, permits a judgment creditor to register his or her judgment in another state by simply filing a copy of the judgment with the clerk of the registering court. Registration is permitted when the judgment becomes final by appeal, when the time to appeal expires, or when the court that entered the judgment orders registration for good cause shown. The majority of courts have interpreted good cause as a showing that the judgment debtor lacks assets in the forum jurisdiction to fulfill the judgment, but possesses substantial assets in the registering jurisdiction. District courts are split, however, on whether there must be a pending appeal before registration can be ordered. Registration gives the judgment creditor power to create a lien on the judgment debtor’s property in another district. The effect of the registered judgment depends on a state’s laws regarding liens. Liens in some states may reach personal property, creating the potential for a registered judgment to have harsh effects on the debtor’s livelihood and placing restrictions on the alienability of real property. The posting of a supersedeas bond can stay the enforcement of a judgment and alleviate the need for registration. This Note argues that a judgment creditor should be permitted to register her judgment without waiting for the judgment debtor to file an appeal. However, a court should have discretion to consider whether permitting registration when the judgment debtor has not yet posted a supersedeas bond would cause irreparable harm to a good faith debtor, and if so, grant the debtor time to post a bond.
Greenhouse gas flux from managed grasslands in the U.S

Managed grasslands are increasingly looked upon to serve as cost-effective sinks for mitigating climate change. Assurances of effective greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies require detailed understanding of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) flux for rangelands and pasturelands. Summarization of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) findings suggest most rangeland ecosystems in the U.S. are net CO 2 sinks, with net assimilation rates ranging from 0.2 to 1.1 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 . Rangeland ecosystems in the southwest U.S., however, were found to be net CO 2 sources, while pasturelands exhibited both sink and source capacity in a limited number of assessments. Both rangelands and pasturelands exhibit capacity to serve as minor CH 4 sinks (−2.4 ± 1.1 to −5.6 ± 1.0 g CH 4 -C ha −1 d −1 ), while wetland landscapes with hydrophytic vegetation are significant CH 4 sources (1.2 ± 0.8 kg CH 4 -C ha −1 d −1 ). Emissions of N 2 O from U.S. grasslands are moderate (1.4 ± 0.4 to 5.1 ± 0.5 g N 2 O-N ha −1 d −1 ), and increase with woody plant encroachment, invasion of non-native grasses, and N fertilization, but not grazing intensity. While significant progress has been made in recent years, robust estimates of GHG flux remain elusive due to a lack of measurement across all major grassland categories.
Space Radiation Effects on Crew During and After Deep Space Missions

Purpose Overview and perspectives are provided of radiation hazards associated with deep space human missions, such as to Mars.
Young Black Men’s Information Seeking following Celebrity Depression Disclosure: Implications for Mental Health Communication

Celebrity health disclosures motivate people to seek information about various health topics. However, limited systematic evaluations exist on effects of celebrity disclosures of mental illness, despite observations that this is a growing phenomenon and have important implications for public health education. Further, research has rarely examined the impact of such disclosures on minority populations. This study sought to understand factors associated with young Black men's information seeking following exposure to a depression disclosure by Scott Mescudi. Mescudi is a well-known Black male hip-hop artist who shared his depression diagnosis and subsequent treatment plans with his fans in October 2016. For this study, I surveyed 182 Black males aged 18-34, 1 month after the disclosure. Fifty percent sought general information about depression, and 16% sought information to ascertain whether they themselves were at risk for depression. Feeling emotional distress following the disclosure and having current depression symptoms were significantly associated with information seeking behaviors. Identification was indirectly related to information seeking through emotional distress. Thus, emotional distress appears to play an important role in information seeking behaviors following celebrity health disclosures. The findings suggest celebrity health disclosures are associated with proactive health behaviors among this sample. Implications of the results for theorization of celebrity health effects and research on mental health communication with young Black men are discussed.
‘Linguistically Wounded’: Veronica Forrest-Thomson, Sylvia Plath, and the Limits of Poetic Artifice

Based on the archival evidence of Veronica Forrest-Thomson’s annotations to Sylvia Plath’s 1971 collection Winter Trees, as well as a 1972 typescript of Forrest-Thomson’s review of Winter Trees, which she never published, this article argues that Forrest-Thomson’s engagement with Plath’s late poetry played a crucial role in the development of her theory of ‘poetic artifice’. Yet I contend that the poems of Winter Trees by no means offer themselves as self-evident exemplars of such a theory, and I explore this disjunction by juxtaposing Forrest-Thomson’s revisionary account of Plath in Poetic Artifice: A Theory of Twentieth-Century Poetry, which posits the poems ‘Daddy’ and ‘Purdah’ as anti-confessional works of art that clearly indicate their own ‘unreality’, against the Winter Trees review, which is more critical of Plath’s ‘compromises’. Because Forrest-Thomson’s aesthetic project is further complicated by her own development as a poet, I also consider a selection of poems published in the 1974 Omens Poetry Pamphlet Cordelia: or ‘A poem should not mean but be’, in order to explore an elided, yet suggestive, relation between feeling and theory in her poetry. Finally, I argue that this relation, which Plath’s ‘Purdah’ would seem to both prefigure and sanction, signals the presence of a reticent ‘linguistic emotionality’ in Forrest-Thomson’s work that not only contests the authority of her male modernist models, but also anticipates contemporary critical discourses in experimental poetry and poetics.
PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE INTERTAK SCORE FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TAKOTSUBO SYNDROME

A recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) takotsubo syndrome (TTS) expert consensus statement proposed a diagnostic pathway using the InterTAK score >70 to identify patients without ST elevation who have high probability for TTS. The statement further indicated that coronary angiography could be
Through-the-thickness stress distributions near edges of composite laminates using stress recovery scheme and third order shear and normal deformable theory

The reliable prediction of failure in laminated plates using stress based failure theories requires accurate evaluation of stresses. Noting that stresses are likely to be singular near laminate edges, we explore here whether or not a third order shear and normal deformable plate theory (TSNDT) and the commonly used stress recovery scheme (SRS) enables one to accurately compute stresses near edges of a composite laminate deformed statically with surface tractions applied on its major surfaces. In the TSNDT the three displacement components at a point are expressed as complete polynomials of degree three in the thickness coordinate. For laminated plates, we use a single layer TSNDT and the SRS to compute through-the-thickness distribution of transverse normal and transverse shear stresses. However, for monolithic plates stresses are obtained directly from the constitutive relations. Using in-house developed software based on the finite element (FE) formulation of the problem, we study seven example problems for plates subjected to different boundary conditions at the edges and various loads such as combined normal and tangential tractions uniformly distributed on the major surfaces, non-uniform pressure acting on a part of the major surface, and sinusoidal normal tractions. For each problem studied stresses computed using the TSNDT are compared with those obtained by analyzing 3-dimensional (3-D) linear elastic deformations with either the FE commercial software, ABAQUS, or the analytical solution reported in the literature. The significance of the present work is in investigating whether or not the TSNDT and the SRS give accurate values of stresses near edges laminates. It is found that for some thick laminates (span/thickness = 5), stress distributions near an edge predicted by the TSNDT coupled with the SRS differ by 40% from those computed by analyzing the 3-D deformations.
Event Prediction for Individual Unit Based on Recurrent Event Data Collected in Teleservice Systems

Prediction of event such as failure event or critical warning event plays an important role in reliability engineering. In this paper, we present a semiparametric method to predict event occurrences for an individual unit in real time using recurrent event data. The intensity of event occurrence is modeled using the extended Cox proportional-hazard model and the distinction of units is achieved using an additional frailty parameter. The method presented features an online updating scheme, and therefore, can provide the real-time prediction of the occurrence of next event. We demonstrate the efficacy of frailty and the updating scheme through comprehensive numerical experiments and a case study based on real-world data.
Green on-chip inductors for three-dimensional integrated circuits: concepts, algorithms and applications

This chapter deals with a completely different aspect of circuit and design as compared to the previous chapters. This chapter discusses three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) as compared to the planner integrated circuits of the previous chapters. The 3D ICs have shown significant promise for the future post-CMOS era circuits and systems to build high-performance systems with minimal silicon foot print. This chapter specifically discusses practical approaches to through-silicon-via (TSV) inductors which constitute the vertical signal, power and thermal paths which is very critical for 3D ICs.
Patient Tolerance and Dialysis Effectiveness of a Glucose Pol YMER-containing Peritoneal Dialysis Solution:

A polymer of glucose was tested for use as an osmotically active agent in peritoneal dialysis. The osmotic effect of the polymer is more prolonged and more effective than that of glucose. Compariso...
Charge-density induced discrimination of halides with a rigid dinuclear copper(II) complex

A rigid dinuclear copper(II) complex L based on furan spacers was synthesized and studied for its binding interactions with halides by colorimetric studies, UV-vis titration, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results from the titration studies demonstrate that L binds each of the halides in the order of fluoride > chloride > bromide > iodide, correlating directly with the charge density of the respective halides. Fully unconstrained DFT geometry optimizations were carried out on both the isolated L and the anion-bound motifs. Binding energies (ΔE) were calculated for each of the optimized geometries, yielding an attractive ΔE value of −92.39, −27.14, −23.16, and −13.37 kcal mol−1 for fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide, respectively, which is in accord with our experimental results. The compound has been further investigated for its biocompatibility with HeLa cells, demonstrating an excellent cell viability up to 500 μM concentration.
Several Recent Rammings Investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board

AROLE OF THE BOARD IN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION; NTSB RECOMMENDATIONS RESULTING FROM INVESTIGATIONS.
Neural Learning Based Blind Source Separation for Detection of Material Defects in Pulsed Thermography Images

In this paper, we introduce a neural learning-based approach to blind source separation for detection of material flaws in pulsed thermography (PT) images. This approach can be used to detect internal defects (pores) in metallic Additively Manufactured (AM) materials. Such defects occur in high-strength alloys produced with direct laser sintering AM method for nuclear energy applications. Pulsed thermal imaging system utilizes a high intensity flash lamp to rapidly heat surface of sample, a high sensitivity infrared camera to capture data of surface temperature variations. The data cube obtained with PT (stack of surface temperature images at different times) can be analyzed with image processing algorithms to detect material defects. Compared with conventional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods, such as digital radiography and ultrasonic testing, the PT pulsed infrared thermal detection technique has advantages of one-sided noncontact measurements, fast processing of large sample areas captured in one image. Detection of small material defects requires finding features in thermal images, which have signal contrast levels approaching sensitivity limit of IR camera. In this study, an optimized Neural Learning based Blind Source Separation (NLBSS) algorithm, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is demonstrated to automatically extract principal temporal and spatial features of thermography frames to enhance flaw detection. By using the NLBSS algorithm, material internal defects can be automatically detected. Furthermore, this processing approach compensates for experimental thermal imaging artifacts, such as noise and uneven heating. By merging artificial intelligence with the photothermic, the NDE system detects internal calibrated defects of various sizes and depths in AM nuclear-grade metallic alloys.
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy vs Standard Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance Standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer includes concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (CRT plus A). An alternative strategy known as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) involves administration of CRT plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery with the goal of delivering uninterrupted systemic therapy to eradicate micrometastases. A comparison of these 2 approaches has not been systematically reviewed previously. Objective To determine the differences in rates of pathologic complete response (PCR), disease-free and overall survival, sphincter-preserving surgery, and ileostomy between patients receiving TNT vs standard CRT plus A. Data sources MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase (via OVID) were searched from inception through July 1, 2020, for the following terms: anal/anorectal neoplasms OR anal/anorectal cancer AND total neoadjuvant treatment OR total neoadjuvant therapy. Only studies in English were included. Study selection Randomized clinical trials or prospective/retrospective cohort studies comparing outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received TNT vs CRT plus A. Data extraction and synthesis Data regarding the first author, publication year, location, sample size, and rates of PCR, sphincter-preserving surgery, ileostomy, and disease-free and overall survival were extracted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and pooled using a random-effects model. Main outcomes and measures Rates of PCR, sphincter-preserving surgery, ileostomy, and disease-free and overall survival. Results After reviewing 2165 reports, 7 unique studies including a total of 2416 unique patients, of whom 1206 received TNT, were selected. The median age for the patients receiving TNT ranged from 57 to 69 years, with 58% to 73% being male. The pooled prevalence of PCR was 29.9% (range, 17.2%-38.5%) in the TNT group and 14.9% (range, 4.2%-21.3%) in the CRT plus A group. Total neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a higher chance of achieving a PCR (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% CI, 1.99-2.98). No statistically significant difference in the proportion of sphincter-preserving surgery (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.73-1.54) or ileostomy (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.76-1.46) between recipients of TNT and CRT plus A was observed. Only 3 studies presented data on disease-free survival, and pooled analysis showed significantly higher odds of improved disease-free survival in patients who received TNT (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.20-3.56; I2 = 49%). Data on overall survival were not consistently reported. Conclusions and relevance The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TNT is a promising strategy in locally advanced rectal cancer, with superior rates of PCR compared with standard therapy. However, the long-term effect on disease recurrence and overall survival needs to be explored in future studies.
Individual and Community Factors Associated with Naloxone Co-prescribing Among Long-term Opioid Patients: a Retrospective Analysis.

Naloxone co-prescribing to individuals at increased opioid overdose risk is a key component of opioid overdose prevention efforts. Examine naloxone co-prescribing in the general population and assess how co-prescribing varies by individual and community characteristics. Retrospective cross-sectional study. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression of 2017–2018 de-identified pharmacy claims representing 90% of all prescriptions filled at retail pharmacies in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Individuals with opioid analgesic treatment episodes > 90 days Outcome was co-prescribed naloxone. Predictor variables included insurance type, primary prescriber specialty, receipt of concomitant benzodiazepines, high-dose opioid episode, county urbanicity, fatal overdose rates, poverty rates, and primary care health professional shortage areas. Naloxone co-prescribing occurred in 2.3% of long-term opioid therapy episodes. Medicaid (aOR 1.87, 95%CI 1.84 to 1.90) and Medicare (aOR 1.48, 95%CI 1.46 to 1.51) episodes had higher odds of naloxone co-prescribing than commercial insurance episodes, while cash pay (aOR 0.77, 95%CI 0.74 to 0.80) and other insurance episodes (aOR 0.81, 95%CI 0.79 to 0.83) had lower odds. Odds of naloxone co-prescribing were higher among high-dose opioid episodes (aOR 3.19, 95%CI 3.15 to 3.23), when concomitant benzodiazepines were prescribed (aOR 1.12, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.14), and in counties with higher fatal overdose rates. Co-prescription of naloxone represents a tangible clinical action that can be taken to help prevent opioid overdose deaths. However, despite recommendations to co-prescribe naloxone to patients at increased risk for opioid overdose, we found that co-prescribing rates remain low overall. States, insurers, and health systems should consider implementing strategies to facilitate increased co-prescribing of naloxone to at-risk individuals.
Bottom-up coarse-grain modeling of plasticity and nanoscale shear bands in α-RDX

Computationally inexpensive particle-based coarse-grained (CG) models are essential for use in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of mesoscopically slow cooperative phenomena, such as plastic deformations in solids. Molecular crystals possessing complex symmetry present enormous practical challenges for particle-based coarse-graining at molecularly resolved scales, when each molecule is in a single-site representation, and beyond. Presently, there is no published pairwise non-bonded single-site CG potential that is able to predict the space group and structure of a molecular crystal. In this paper, we present a successful coarse-graining at a molecular level from first principles of an energetic crystal, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) in the alpha phase, using the force-matching-based multiscale coarse-graining (MSCG/FM) approach. The new MSCG/FM model, which implements an optimal pair decomposition of the crystal Helmholtz free energy potential in molecular center-of-mass coordinates, was obtained by force-matching atomistic MD simulations of liquid, amorphous, and crystalline states and in a wide range of pressures (up to 20 GPa). The MSCG/FM potentials for different pressures underwent top-down optimization to fine-tune the mechanical and thermodynamic properties, followed by consolidation into a transferable density-dependent model referred to as RDX-TC-DD (RDX True-Crystal Density-Dependent). The RDX-TC-DD model predicts accurately the crystal structure of α-RDX at room conditions and reproduces the atomistic reference system under isothermal (300 K) hydrostatic compression up to 20 GPa, in particular, the Pbca symmetry of α-RDX in the elastic regime. The RDX-TC-DD model was then used to simulate the plastic response of uniaxially ([100]) compressed α-RDX resulting in nanoscale shear banding, a key mechanism for plastic deformation and defect-free detonation initiation proposed for many molecular crystalline explosives. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the effect of core-softening of the RDX-TC-DD potential and the degree of molecular rigidity in the all-atom treatment suggests a stress-induced short-range softening of the effective intermolecular interaction as a fundamental cause of plastic instability in α-RDX. The reported RDX-TC-DD model and overall workflow to develop it open up possibilities to perform high quality simulation studies of molecular energetic materials under thermal and mechanical stimuli, including extreme conditions.
Multi-Agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning: Suboptimal Demonstrations and Alternative Solution Concepts.

Multi-agent inverse reinforcement learning (MIRL) can be used to learn reward functions from agents in social environments. To model realistic social dynamics, MIRL methods must account for suboptimal human reasoning and behavior. Traditional formalisms of game theory provide computationally tractable behavioral models, but assume agents have unrealistic cognitive capabilities. This research identifies and compares mechanisms in MIRL methods which a) handle noise, biases and heuristics in agent decision making and b) model realistic equilibrium solution concepts. MIRL research is systematically reviewed to identify solutions for these challenges. The methods and results of these studies are analyzed and compared based on factors including performance accuracy, efficiency, and descriptive quality. We found that the primary methods for handling noise, biases and heuristics in MIRL were extensions of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) IRL to multi-agent settings. We also found that many successful solution concepts are generalizations of the traditional Nash Equilibrium (NE). These solutions include the correlated equilibrium, logistic stochastic best response equilibrium and entropy regularized mean field NE. Methods which use recursive reasoning or updating also perform well, including the feedback NE and archive multi-agent adversarial IRL. Success in modeling specific biases and heuristics in single-agent IRL and promising results using a Theory of Mind approach in MIRL imply that modeling specific biases and heuristics may be useful. Flexibility and unbiased inference in the identified alternative solution concepts suggest that a solution concept which has both recursive and generalized characteristics may perform well at modeling realistic social interactions.
A rare cutaneous manifestation of a neurilemmoma of the foot: A case report

Abstract A neurilemmoma is a benign peripheral nerve tumor that may manifest clinical as paresthesias and numbness/tingling along the potentially affected nerve. Cutaneous manifestations especially without any associated neurologic symptoms are rare and to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. This is a case study of a 62-year old female who presented to the office with a relatively benign soft tissue lesion on her right foot. She underwent a local punch biopsy and subsequently the pathology report revealed a tumor consistent with a neurilemmoma. This is a simple case report that demonstrates a relatively benign presentation with an unusual diagnosis. Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Influence of carbonate coarse aggregate properties on surface resistivity of high performance concrete

Abstract Surface resistivity (SR) test measures the extent of ionic transport in cementitious systems. The present study sought to understand the influence of coarse aggregate type (limestone, dolostone), their chemical composition, and pore structure on the SR of high-performance concrete (HPC). In this study, water absorption and pore structure of five different coarse aggregates were measured. Concrete specimens were made with identical materials, mix proportions, and preparation methods, except for the difference in the sources of the coarse aggregates. Pore structure and SR of the concrete and the corresponding mortar were evaluated. The microstructures, especially the aggregate-paste interfaces, of the concrete were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micromorphology of the specimens was also observed using thin section petrographic analysis. The results indicate that the SR of the concrete mixes decreased linearly (R2 >0.91) with the total porosity of all five coarse aggregate until 28 days. After 28 days, this trend no longer held likely due to the chemical interaction of dolostone aggregates with paste, while limestone aggregates did not react. SEM-backscatter (BSE) and SEM-secondary electron (SE) imaging coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and thin section petrography suggested that dolostone aggregate-paste reactions resulted in precipitation of newer calcite deposits at aggregate-paste interfaces. This densified the interface and probably reduced the concentration of mobile ions in the pore solution within the concrete pore network resulting in higher SR after 28 days. Due to less stable nature of dolostone aggregates in highly alkaline conditions, HPC with dolostone aggregate also provided a conducive environment for the mineralization of secondary ettringite (calcium sulfoaluminate) within paste pore spaces. We contend that the greater SR gain by dolostone concrete mixes than that by limestone concrete mixes in later ages is explained by the combination of the aggregate-paste interface densification, reduction in ionic concentration of the concrete pore solution, and secondary ettringite mineralization.
Serine biosynthesis in rat liver. Regulation of enzyme concentration by dietary factors.

Abstract 3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine phosphatase, d-glycerate dehydrogenase, and serine dehydratase have been measured in rats fet diets containing variable amounts of protein. Rats fed 2% casein diets for 7 days had a marked increase in 3-P-glycerate dehydrogenase and P-serine phosphatase and a simultaneous decline in serine dehydratase when compared to rats fed chow or a 25% casein diet. The increased enzyme levels were prevented by the addition of 1% cysteine to the 2% casein diet but this did not alter the decline in serine dehydratase. On 88% casein diets a depression of 3-P-glycerate dehydrogenase and P-serine phosphatase resulted, while prompt increase in serine dehydratase occurred. No reproducible changes in d-glycerate dehydrogenase occurred on any of the diets studied. The administration of actinomycin D on several schedules consistently caused an inhibition of the changes noted with the 2% casein diet. These observations plus studies with cycloheximide suggest that the observed alterations in enzyme concentrations may be mediated by altered rates of enzyme synthesis. Studies of potential feedback inhibitors of the reactions measured were negative for 3-P-glycerate dehydrogenase and d-glycerate dehydrogenase. Inhibition of P-serine phosphatase by l-serine may have physiological significance in mammals. The inhibition of serine dehydratase by l-cysteine is described.
King Crab Meal in Concentrates for Lactating Cows

Abstract King crab ( Paralithodes camtschatica ) meal was compared with soybean meal at two compared with soybean meal at two percents of concentrate supplementation for lactating cows in a 2 2 factorial feeding experiment with an unsupplemented negative control. All cows were fed the high soybean concentrate wk 5 through 7. Milk production and live weight from this positive control were independent continuous variables for covariance analysis of wk 8 through 16. Silage and concentrates were fed independently. Cows rejected .5 and .2 kg/day of high and low crab concentrates. Milk production was lowest for cows receiving the unsupplemented control and next low for those receiving concentrates supplemented with the smaller amounts of either soybean or crab meal. The linear regression of milk production on time was significant for all concentrates and of weight on time for soybean meal. With certain qualifications king crab meal can be a potential source of supplemental protein in concentrates for lactating cows.
Repensando as conexões entre a formação na universidade e as experiências de campo na formação de professores em faculdades e universidades

In this paper, I discuss one of the central problems that has plagued college and university-based pre-service teacher education for many years, the disconnect between the campus and school-based components of programs. First, I will draw on my own experiences as a teacher educator and administrator over the last thirty plus years at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the literature to lay out various dimensions of this issue. Then, utililizing the concept of hybridity and “third space,” I will discuss a variety of current work in programs across the U.S. that offers much promise in deepening the quality of teacher learning in college and university-based teacher education programs and the ability of teacher education graduates to enact desired teaching practices in complex school settings. This work in creating hybrid spaces in teacher education where academic and practitioner knowledge and knowledge that exists in communities come together in new less hierarchical ways in the service of teacher learning represents a paradigm shift in the epistemology of teacher education programs. I argue that this shift toward more democratic and inclusive ways of working with schools and communities is necessary for colleges and universities to fulfill their mission in the education of teachers.
THE EFFECT OF SEED SIZE AND MATERNAL SOURCE ON INDIVIDUAL SIZE IN A POPULATION OF LUDWIGIA LEPTOCARPA (ONAGRACEAE)

Seed size is normally distributed for many annual species, while mature plant size is frequently positively skewed. A study was conducted to determine the influence of seed size and the role of genetic differences in determining relative seedling size for Ludwigia leptocarpa. Seed size had a significant effect on percentage germination and time of seed germination but no effiect on dry weight or leaf area of seedlings. Seed size and spacing had a significant effiect on seedling dry weight for plants grown under competition, while relative day of emergence had no effect. Familial (genetic) diffierences were found in average seed weight between maternal plants, but not in average number of days to germination, average weight of seeds which germinated, or shoot dry weight. It is concluded that neither seed size alone nor genetic differences between plants are directly responsible for the development of size hierarchies in L>dwigia leptocarpa populations. Large seed size does convey an advantage in growth when plants from seeds of differing initial size interact.
A web-based system for dynamic teacher-student interaction in a classroom setting

This paper describes the design, implementation, and use of a web-based system for dynamic teacher-student interaction in a classroom setting. Since time is an inelastic resource and therefore precious in a classroom setting, the emphasis is on being able to easily and dynamically interact, document the interaction for future use, and improve the learning experience of the involved student. The specific scenario described in this paper is that of dynamically creating, documenting, publishing, and getting feedback via student interaction of a multiple choice style question. Through careful design and implementation, the entire scenario from inception to completed audit trial can be accomplished in less than two minutes of in-class time. Extensions to other interactions are discussed. While the implementation is fairly specific, the design is general and applicable to other contexts.
Ethics Audit Of A Therapeutic Recreation Course

The purpose of this study was to enhance awareness of the presence of ethics education within the allied health discipline of therapeutic recreation. To achieve this end, a curriculum audit was conducted in a therapeutic recreation course to determine the existence of ethics education within the course. Included topics, methods of delivery, and degree of student-initiation were all considered. Findings suggest the frequent presence of ethics content; however, an explicit connection between the course content and ethics was not always made. Discussion was found to be the main delivery method. Recommendations are discussed.
Analysis of fluorescently labeled substance P analogs: binding, imaging and receptor activation.

Substance P (SP) is a peptide neurotransmitter found in central and peripheral nerves. SP is involved in the control of smooth muscle, inflammation and nociception. The amino acid sequence of SP is Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. Five different forms of fluorescently labeled SP have recently been synthesized, in which Alexa 488, BODIPY Fl, fluorescein, Oregon Green 488 or tetramethylrhodamine has been covalently linked to SP at Lys3. Here, these novel analogs are characterized as to their ligand binding, receptor activation and fluorescence labeling properties. Competition binding studies, using radiolabeled [125I] SP, revealed that all of the labeled forms of SP, except for Alexa 488-SP, effectively competed with radiolabeled SP for binding at the rat SP receptor. With the exception of Alexa 488-SP, all of the SP analogs produced Ca++ elevations and fluorescence labeling of the SP receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In SP-responsive neurons, BODIPY Fl-SP and Oregon Green 488-SP were as effective as unlabeled SP in producing a reduction of the M-type K+ current. Fluorescein-SP produced variable results, while tetramethylrhodamine-SP was less potent and Alexa 488-SP was less effective on intact neurons. The above results show that fluorescent labeling of SP altered the biological activity and the binding properties of the parent peptide. Oregon Green 488 and BODIPY FL-SP are the most useful fluorophores for labeling SP without affecting its biological activity. Given these results, these probes can now be utilized in further investigations of the mechanisms of SPR function, including receptor localization, internalization and recycling.
Abstract MP83: Increases in Vigorous Physical Activity Improve Pulse Wave Velocity in Adolescents

Introduction: The beneficial effects of vigorous physical activity (VPA) on arterial stiffness have been established, but the effect of changes in VPA over time on these vascular measures is unclear. Hypothesis: Increases in VPA will be associated with improvement in measures of arterial stiffness. Methods: As part of a longitudinal study of the effects of obesity & diabetes on cardiovascular health, 317 subjects (mean age 17.2 years at baseline, 38% male, 63% non-Caucasian) were enrolled and followed up 5 years later. Anthropometrics, accelerometer-measured physical activity, blood pressure, central and peripheral measures of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial distensibility (BrachD), and augmentation index (AI)), and blood (lipids & metabolic tests) were collected. General linear modeling was performed to test for the independent relationship of change in VPA with change of arterial stiffness. Results: Overall, VPA increased slightly (0.2 minutes) from baseline to follow up. Increas...
Anterior fontanelle herniation.

Herniation of brain tissue through the anterior fontanelle is an extremely rare occurrence. Recently we treated a patient with anterior fontanelle brain herniation, most probably acquired secondary to meningitis. CASE REPORT A 2-week-old black male infant in previous good health was admitted to an outlying hospital with a one-day history of fever and irritability. Lumbar puncture revealed 238 WBC/cu mm with 90% neutrophils and a protein of 269 mg/ 100 ml. The infant was begun on parenteral therapy with methecillin, ampicillin, and kanamycin but was changed to penicillin G and kanamycin the following day when the cerebrospinal fluid culture grew β-hemolytic Streptococcus, non-group A or D. During the first two days of therapy, the infant had intermittent seizures and the anterior fontanelle began to bulge.
Thermal decomposition of 1,4-diphenylbutane

Abstract To obtain information relevant to possible reaction pathways in coal liquefaction and gasification reactions, experiments were carried out to elucidate the pathways involved in the thermal decomposition of 1,4-diphenylbutane. The results established unambiguously that the thermal decomposition products arise via free radical pathways and not by a retroene process as has been proposed.
Off site risk assessment and risk minimization guidelines

The du Pont Company has long acknowledged its responsibility for environmental and public safety. In 1938 an Executive Committee resolution cited environmental control as a subject of major concern, and in 1971 that committee called upon each department to determine that their products could be made, used, handled, and disposed of safely.
Persistent infrared hole-burning spectroscopy of matrix-isolated CN(-) molecules.

The union of persistent IR hole burning and Fourier-transform IR techniques is used to identify a new type of photophysical vibrational hole-burning center. The persistent signature for matrix-isolated CN− complexes in alkali-halide crystals is similar to that found for photochemical hole burning in solids.
Optimization techniques applied to the bispectrum of one-dimensional infrared astronomical speckle data

Optimization techniques are applied to the bispectrum. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for nonlinear least squares is used to determine the parameters of binary stars. The conjugate gradient and conjugate direction algorithms are used to estimate the full set of object phases and moduli. Simulated and observed data are utilized in each optimization.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Life cycles of snaii-killing flies: Pherbellia griseicollis, Sciomyza dryomyzina, S. simplex, and S. testacea (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)

The basic life cycles of four species of snail-killing flies occurring in northern Europe are described from observations in nature and from Iaboratory rearings. Of the four species, all but Sciomyza testacea Macquart also occur in North America. The larvae are obligatory predators or parasitoids of aquatic or terrestrial snails. The following aspects are discussed: flight period, microhabitat, mating, oviposition, duration of immature stages, larval prey, feeding behavior, and related behavioral aspects. The geographical distribution of each species is illustrated.