cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employment Status and Sex Role Attitudes in Middle‐class Suburban Mothers

Twenty-one employed and 31 nonemployed suburban mothers of 2nd and 6th grade children were administered the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), Welledey Role Orientation Scale (WROS), and items from the Traditional Family Inventory (TFI items). Employed mothers agreed with more nontraditional attitudes on the WROS and described themselves in more masculine or androgynous terms than did nonempldyed mothers. These differences were not affected by grade or sex of child. While the directionality of effect could not be established, it was clear that these employed women viewed themselves and their roles as wives and mothers differently than did their nonemployed counterparts. This was true despite differences in conditions of employment, and despite a more traditional overall attitude among these women than has been reported in studies using younger, upper middle-class university women. In this study, mothers employed part time were more traditional in their responses to TFI items concerned with child rearing attitudes than were mothers employed full time. Again, while directionality of effect could not be established, the decision to work part time and thus spend more time with the children is compatible with a more traditional attitude. The usefulness of these easily administered measures in dividing groups of women for further research on sex roles outside university communities is apparent.
Cognition and the verb lexicon in early lexical development

The focus of this study is the cognitive/conceptual basis for the emergence of verbs in early lexical development. Twenty-four 12–19-month-old children were studied through (a) observation and maternal report of their acquisition of verbs in comprehension and production and (b) observation of nonverbal behavior reflected in play. There is substantive growth in the comprehension of verbs during this period, with a rapid increase between 14–16 months in the total number of verbs and decontextualized verbs comprehended, but no similar surge in production. Children's ability to consider others in the role of actor during play with objects was linked to the comprehension of verbs during this period; also, the ability to engage in symbolic action sequences on objects in play correlated with the decontextualized comprehension of verbs. These results suggest that underlying cognitive development in event representation may be related to the increased comprehension of verbs across contexts.
Parental age and Neurofibromatosis Type 1: a report from the NF1 Patient Registry Initiative

One of the potential etiologies for non-familial Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is increasing parental age. We sought to evaluate recent evidence for parental age effects in NF1 in a large study. Individuals with NF1 and a comparison group from the U.S. general population born between 1994 and 2012 were ascertained from the NF1 Patient Registry Initiative (NPRI) and the National Center for Vital Statistics, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify differences between familial NF1, non-familial NF1, and U.S. population subjects in the mean parental ages at the time of the birth of offspring in each group. In addition, we also evaluated the effect of parental age on NF1 offspring with and without a pediatric brain tumor history. A total of 313 subjects from the NPRI (including 99 brain tumor cases) matched by birth year at a 1:3 ratio to U.S. general population births (n = 939) were included. Compared to the U.S. general population and familial NF1 cases, the mean paternal age for non-familial NF1 cases was 4.34 years (95 % CI 3.23–5.46, p ≤ 0.0001) and 3.39 years (95 % CI 1.57–5.20, p ≤ 0.0001) older, respectively, after adjusting for birth year. A similar pattern was observed for maternal age. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean maternal or paternal ages between NF1 offspring with and without a pediatric brain tumor. In conclusion, these data support a parental age effect for non-familial NF1 cases, but not for pediatric brain tumors in NF1.
Cross-Cultural Variations in the Phenomenological Experience of Depression I. Word Association Studies

Cross-cultural variations in the subjective experience of depression among normal college populations of Japanese-Nationals, Japanese-Americans, and Caucasian-Americans were investigated by examining word associations to the equivalent words of depression and yuutsu. The results indicated that Japanese-Nationals associated more external referent terms, such as "rain" and "cloud," and somatic referent terms, such as "headache" and "fatigue," to the word yuutsu. In contrast, both Japanese-Americans and Caucasian-Americans associated predominantly internal mood state terms, such as "sad" and "lonely," to the word depression. These differences are attributed to variations in the self-structure which mediates the subjective experience of depression in the different cultures. Japanese self-structure was considered to be essentially "unindividuated," while American self-structure was considered to be essentially "individuated."
Sociolinguistic Variation in the Speech of Learners of Chinese as a Second Language

With Chinese native-speaker data as the baseline, this study investigates the use of the morphosyntactic particle DE by learners of Chinese as a second language. The general patterns are as follows: (a) DE tends to be deleted more in informal speech than in formal settings; (b) higher proficiency and longer residence in China—more interactions with native speakers—promote DE deletion; and (c) females tend to adopt more formal language style and use DE more than males. The study also found that teachers and textbooks use DE much more often than native speakers. Learners’ patterns of DE use closely follow those of their teachers and textbooks, suggesting the necessity of explicit instruction in sociolinguistic variants in L2 classrooms.
Model for the Analysis of Binary Time Series of Respiratory Symptoms

Environmental epidemiologic research on respiratory symptoms presents unique types of data, typically requiring simultaneous analysis of both time- and person-varying factors. In this paper, the authors propose a new, simple model that incorporates such factors and controls for each person's prior history of symptoms. The Yale Mother and Infant Health Study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient pollutant concentrations, meteorologic changes, and demographic variables on daily respiratory symptoms in both mothers and infants. This analysis was restricted to 673 mothers followed in southwestern Virginia from June 10 to August 31, 1995. Of the person-varying factors, husband's level of education, nested within marital status, and having pets in the home were related to an increased likelihood of new episodes; however, neither was related to duration of symptoms. Interestingly, women who were unmarried were least likely to have new episodes of respiratory symptoms, while those with the most highly educated spouses were most likely to have new episodes. Having pets in the home increased the likelihood of a new episode. Having a history of allergies and having children in day care were found to be related to the symptom of a runny or stuffy nose, in terms of both incidence and duration. The level of coarse particles was related to the incidence of new episodes of runny or stuffy nose, and a higher level prolonged the duration of symptoms. Sulfate level was not related to the incidence of new episodes but was associated with the duration of the episodes.
Geographic Access and Service Use in a Community-Based Sample of Cognitively Impaired Elders

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine whether geographic access influences service utilization in a community-based sample of older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods: A telephone screener for cognitive impairment was administered to 9,100 elderly Arkansans with caregivers, resulting in a sample with 317 elder/caregiver dyads. Self-reported service utilization was collected for three sectors: home health, physical health, and mental health. Geographic access was measured from (a) self-reported awareness of services in each sector and (b) the travel time to the closest provider in each sector calculated using a Geographic Information System. Results: Travel time significantly predicted home health service utilization while perceived awareness significantly predicted mental health service utilization. Neither measure of geographic access predicted use of physical health services. Discussion: Because rural elders with less geographic access receive fewer home/mental health services,...
Fulbright programs: an opportunity for career development.

In 2010, I was named a Fulbright Scholar and was placed in Hangzhou, China, to teach and conduct research in the Public Health Program at Zhejiang University. Living and working in China from February to July 2011, was the most exciting, rewarding, and personally satisfying experience of my career. The purpose of this article is to explain Fulbright programs of interest to health educators, to share some of my Fulbright experiences, and to encourage more health educators to participate in Fulbright programs. Fulbright is a wonderful way to share one’s expertise with professionals in a foreign country, to learn new things from colleagues in your host country, to fully experience a new culture, and to further develop one’s career through networking and future international exchanges. The Fulbright program began in 1946 when Senator J. William Fulbright of Arkansas introduced legislation to establish an international exchange program with the goal to “increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries” (Council for International Exchange of Scholars, 2011b, Fulbright Section, para. 1). Fulbright is now considered the “flagship international educational exchange program sponsored by the U.S. government” (U.S. Department of State, 2011, What Is Fulbright Section, para 1). Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that the Fulbright program is “a centerpiece in American engagement around the world, and has helped to provide unforgettable experiences to hundreds of thousands of students and scholars from so many countries” (Still4Hill, 2010, Secretary Clinton, para. 4). Since its inception Fulbright has sponsored more than 300,000 participants to study, teach, and conduct research in 155 countries around the world. The Fulbright Program is funded through an annual appropriation made by the United States Congress to the Department of State. Participating governments and host institutions in foreign countries also contribute through direct funding as well as salary supplements, tuition waivers, and university housing.
An alternative path : the making and remaking of Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia

When Hahnemann Medical College was founded in Philadelphia in 1848, it was the only institution in the world to offer an M. D. degree in homeopathy, a therapeutic and intellectual alternative to orthodox medicine. This institutional history situates Hahnemann in the broader context of American social changes and chronicles its continual remaking in response to the rise of corporate medicine and constant changes in the Philadelphia community. In the nineteenth century, Hahnemann provided a distinctive and respected identity for its faculty, students, and supporters. In the early twentieth century, it accepted students denied admission elsewhere, especially Jewish and Italian students. It taught a flexible homeopathy that facilitated curricular changes remarkably similar to those at the best contemporary orthodox schools, including selective assimilation of the new experimental sciences, laboratory training, experience in the school's own teaching hospital, and a lengthened course of medical study. Hahnemann is no longer homeopathic, although it remained loyal to its alternative heritage long after the 1910 Flexner Report attempted to eliminate alternative medical education in America. Like many other American medical schools, Hahnemann has had its share of problems, financial and otherwise. The civil rights and radical student movements of the 1960s and 70s, however, pushed the College into a more politically conscious view of itself as a health care provider to the inner city and as a producer of health professionals. In 1993, the College merged with another Philadelphia medical school into a single health care and training institution called the Allegheny University of the HealthSciences. Although Hahnemann is now part of a new system of academic medicine, its institutional legacy endures, as it has in the past, by following alternative paths.
Experimental Evaluation of Reduced Beam Section Connections to Deep Columns

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of reduced beam section (RBS) moment connections to a deep wide-flange column. The test matrix for the experimental program consisted of six full-scale interior RBS connections, where the column for the specimens ranged in depth from a W24 to a W36 wide flange section. Five of the specimens had a composite floor slab, with the remaining specimen having no floor slab and a supplemental lateral brace at the end of the RBS. The results from the study show that a composite floor slab provides restraint to the beams, reducing the magnitude of beam top and bottom flange lateral movement in the RBS, column twist, and strength degradation due to beam instability in the RBS. The performance of each of the test specimens was found to meet the seismic connection qualification criteria in Appendix S of the AISC seismic provisions. The results of the experimental study were used to develop a procedure for predicting the torque applied to a column from an RBS connection.
Troubled Legal Writing Part 2

Lawyers sometimes get into trouble for poor legal writing. The lawyers in the cases discussed here couldn't or wouldn't obey rules about document length.
Coproduction of KPC-18 and VIM-1 Carbapenemases by Enterobacter cloacae: Implications for Newer β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations

Enterobacter cloacae strain G6809 with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems was identified from a patient in a long-term acute care hospital in Kentucky. G6809 belonged to sequence type (ST) 88 and carried two carbapenemase genes, bla(KPC-18) and bla(VIM-1). Whole-genome sequencing localized bla(KPC-18) to the chromosome and bla(VIM-1) to a 58-kb plasmid. The strain was highly resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam. Insidious coproduction of metallo-β-lactamase with KPC-type carbapenemase has implications for the use of next-generation β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.
Preassembled Single-Stranded RNA-Argonaute Complexes: A Novel Method to Silence Genes in Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of diarrhea morbidity and mortality worldwide. Research progress on this infection has been slowed by lack of methods to genetically manipulate Cryptosporidium parasites. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is widely used to study gene function, but Cryptosporidium species lack the enzymes necessary to process siRNA. By preassembling complexes with the human enzyme Argonaute 2 (hAgo2) and Cryptosporidium single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), we induced specific slicing in Cryptosporidium RNA targets. We demonstrated the reduction in expression of target genes at the mRNA and protein levels by transfecting live parasites with ssRNA-hAgo2 complexes. Furthermore we used this method to confirm the role of selected molecules during host cell invasion. This novel method provides a novel means of silencing Cryptosporidium genes to study their role in host-parasite interactions and as potential targets for chemotherapy.
How Cities Are Responding to the Urban Agriculture Movement with Micro-Livestock Ordinances

As the food movement grows, and more people care about how their food is produced, many are taking control by growing and producing it themselves. This includes raising animals like chickens, goats, and bees for eggs, milk, and honey. In response, cities are re-examining their zoning codes so that people who want to do so, can do so legally and in ways that can work in dense urban environments. This paper examines both the movement to raise micro-livestock in cities and cities that have created comprehensive micro-livestock ordinances to accommodate it.
Prolactin stimulation of iodide uptake into mouse mammary gland explants

Rillema, J. A. and T. X. Yu. Prolactin stimulation of iodide uptake into mouse mammary gland explants. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Endocrinol. Metab. 34): E879-E882, 1996. These studies show that prolactin (PRL) stimulates iodide accumulation in cultured mouse mammary tissues. This effect of PRL likely causes the elevated concentration of iodide that occurs in the milk of a number of species. In time course studies, an initial effect of PRL occurred after 4 h, whereas a maximum two- to threefold increase was observed after 24 h. In dose-response studies, 1 ng/ml PRL elicited a significant response, whereas PRL concentrations >5 ng/ml stimulated maximum responses. Other lactogenic hormones, including human growth hormone (GH) and human placental lactogens, also stimulated iodide uptake, whereas nonlacto-genic substances, including bovine GH, bovine serum albumin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, were without effect. PRL had no effect on iodide uptake into fat cells. In further studies it was shown that PRL stimulates iodide incorporation into macromolecules in a 10% trichloroacetic acidprecipitable tissue fraction as well as in a pH 4.6 isoelectric precipitate. The findings from these studies suggest that PRL may stimulate both the accumulation of free iodide in milk and iodide incorporation into milk proteins.
Molecular Insights into the Low Permeability Barrier of Gram-Negative Pathogens

Discovery of new antibiotics effective against Gram-negative bacteria is hampered by the low permeability barrier provided by two-membrane cell envelopes. The outer membrane (OM) is an asymmetric bilayer of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipids and is highly impermeable to noxious compounds. Molecular characterization of the OM is essential to understand how antibiotics penetrate across the lipid barrier of Gram-negative bacteria as it can lead to new therapeutic strategies and rational design of novel compounds. We have used both all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the fully assembled OM bilayer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogen resistant to most clinical antibiotics. In our model, we represent the most abundant LPS of P. aeruginosa corresponding to the A band O-antigen. Our results show that the LPS behaves differently from normal glycerophospholipids, affecting several physical properties of the LPS-containing bilayers. The extensive hydrogen bond network of the LPS decreases the lateral mobility of the lipid bilayer. In addition, the highly charged condensation closer to water-membrane interface, and the massive and extended carbohydrate head groups increase water permeation, which propagates to the aliphatic tails of the inner leaflet. This effect contributes to the low ordering of the lipids in the inner leaflet and leads to expanded area per lipid. Thermodynamic data suggest that the outer membrane by itself prevents the translocation of drugs. However, this barrier is dramatically decreased when assisted by porins and other transport channels in OM.
Integration of fenoxycarb into a German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) management program

An insect growth regulator (IGR), fenoxycarb, was used with conventional insecticides to suppress biotic potential of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), and thereby reduce population levels. Monthly applications of chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, acephate, acephate with 0.5% synergized pyrethrins, and acephate plus fenoxycarb were compared; fenoxycarb was added to the acephate treatment every other month. Addition of the IGR resulted in cockroach populations at 80% below levels before treatment. The percentage of adults with twisted wings increased rapidly beginning 4 mo after treatment and remained at 60-90% (or the duration on the study (1 yr). When the IGR was applied less frequently than every other month, the percentage of adults with twisted wings decreased. Thus, unlike hydroprene, the first commercial IGR for cockroaches, fenoxycarb should be applied every other month to maintain a high level of sterility.
Photonic explorers based on multifunctional nano-platforms for biosensing and photodynamic therapy

Nanoparticle based photonic explorers have been developed for intracellular sensing and tumor-specific photodynamic therapy. The design, employing multifunctional nano-platforms loaded with active components, by encapsulation or covalent attachment, is universal and flexible.
An exploration into the mechanism model and dimension of psychological capital

Psychological capital is an important source for the organizations to obtain the competitive advantage,and it is very important for the human resource management practices.The structural dimension of psychological capital was discussed the mechanism of psychological capital was analyzed and a framework model on synergies among psychological capital,human capital and social capital was established.On this basis,the advices to develop and manage psychological capital were put forward.
Adolescent nutrition: self-perceived deficiencies and needs of practitioners working with youth.

Abstract Sixty-three percent of a random sample of 866 members within three practice groups of The American Dietetic Association responded to a survey designed to assess (a) perceived competency of nutrition management in 20 major areas of adolescent health, (b) desire to increase skill level in each area, and (c) preferred approaches for continuing education activities. Of the 549 respondents, 92% were registered dietitians (R.D.s), 5% were registration-eligible, and more than half (51%) had advanced degrees. Twenty-five percent or more of all practitioners reported deficiencies in 17 of the 20 categories. The five top areas in which respondents believed that they had insufficient skills were psychosomatic problems (87%), handicapping conditions (82%), sports nutrition (81 %), alcohol/drug abuse-related nutrition concerns (80%), and anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa (72%). The strongest desires to improve skills were in the areas of obesity, poor dietary patterns, sports nutrition, food fads, supplement misuse, alternative diets, and eating disorders. There was low interest in strengthening skills in family planning, psychosomatic problems, and handicapping conditions. The implications of the results are discussed. Continuing education methods respondents believed to be most beneficial for learning were small conferences, lectures with ample discussion, and “hands-on” work-shops. J Am Diet Assoc 88:591, 1988.
“Give Pete a Line”: Participatory Television and the TWoP Community

This chapter concerns the more friendly relationships at Television Without Pity, in particular the message boards where members and the creators of their favorite programs had rapport and connected despite the critical nature of the site. These discussions resulted in what some members regarded as positive changes in their television programs. In particular Falero discusses the Smallville message boards, and site members’ continued quest to get more screen time and a better story arc for African-American actor Sam Jones III, who played Clark Kent’s best friend, Pete Ross. A case study of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer boards also shows how members taught each other the tools of cultural television analysis. Falero also explores the ways members created community spaces where they could talk about their everyday lives, as well as meet up at real world events like TWoP Conventions or group viewing activities.
Identification of Simultaneously Congested Transmission Lines in Power Systems Operation and Market Analysis

The number and locations of transmission lines that are likely to get simultaneously congested are useful information for analysis of power market. In this paper, we present a study that demonstrates the number of simultaneously congested transmission lines is very limited, as well as an algorithm for identifying a small set of transmission lines that may become simultaneously congested based on the current states of the system and market. To this end, we first investigate the maximum number of simultaneously congested lines. Then, a novel algorithm is developed to identify a smaller set using two scientific criteria – one is concerned with the absolute impact of generation dispatch decisions, and the other, the relative sensitivities of line flows with respect to the changes of generation outputs. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through two simulation studies, one based on IEEE 39-bus for illustration of concepts, and the other based on a large-scale, real-world power system for showing the practical application and significance of results.
Smart University Taxonomy: Features, Components, Systems

Smart education creates unique and unprecedented opportunities for academic and training organizations in terms of higher standards and innovative approaches to (1) learning and teaching strategies—smart pedagogy, (2) unique highly technological services to local on-campus and remote/online students, (3) set-ups of innovative smart classrooms with easy local/remote student-to-faculty interaction and local/remote student-to-student collaboration, (4) design and development of Web-based rich multimedia learning content with interactive presentations, video lectures, Web-based interactive quizzes and tests, and instant knowledge assessment. This paper presents the outcomes of an ongoing research project aimed to create smart university taxonomy and identify main features, components, technologies and systems of smart universities that go well beyond those in a traditional university with predominantly face-to-face classes and learning activities.
Visualization and quantification of early diastolic function by magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping

The early diastolic wave propagation in the left ventricle (LV) may yield indirect non-invasive indices of diastolic performance of the human heart. First, the effect of left ventricular compliance and relaxation, left atrial pressure, and heart rate on the early left ventricular filling were studied in an in vitro model of diastolic function. Second, analysis methods and software tools were developed to quantify the early filling propagation speed (PS) from magnetic resonance phase velocity mapping of LV diastolic inflow. Third, this new method was applied in vivo. Three groups of human volunteers were investigated: younger healthy volunteers (YV), older healthy volunteers (OV), and patients with aortic stenosis (AS). PS was measured in the three groups: 0.47 ± 0.28 m/s, 0.72 ± 0.20 m/s, 1.17 ± 0.57 m/s for AS, OV, and YV, respectively. PS was smaller in the patients than in the volunteers (p = 0.003). Also PS was smaller in the older volunteers than in the younger volunteers (p = 0.0039). In conclusions, a new in vitro model of diastolic function was validated that could be used to assess the mechanism of early diastolic inflow wave propagation in the LV. Second, new visualization and computation tools were developed that demonstrate the ability of MR phase velocity mapping to visualize and measure the diastolic inflow propagation speed in the LV non-invasively. Third, the relationships between propagation speed and diastolic function that were shown in the in vitro model, were confirmed in vivo using three groups of human volunteers. This research suggests that PS can be used as an indicator of diastolic function in vivo . The analysis methods developed during this study provide fast and reliable tools for diastolic flow quantification in clinical sites where MR is available.
Differential effect of rebamipide on transmembrane mucin biosynthesis in stratified ocular surface epithelial cells

Mucins are a group of highly glycosylated glycoproteins responsible for the protection of wet-surfaced epithelia. Recent data indicate that transmembrane mucins differ in their contribution to the protective function of the ocular surface, with MUC16 being the most effective barrier on the apical surface glycocalyx. Here, we investigated the role of the mucoprotective drug rebamipide in the regulation of transmembrane mucin biosynthesis using stratified cultures of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. We find that the addition of rebamipide to corneal, but not conjunctival, epithelial cells increased MUC16 protein biosynthesis. Rebamipide did not affect the levels of MUC1, 4 and 20 compared to control. In these experiments, rebamipide had no effect on the expression levels of Notch intracellular domains, suggesting that the rebamipide-induced increase in MUC16 biosynthesis in differentiated corneal cultures is not regulated by Notch signaling. Overall these findings indicate that rebamipide induces the differential upregulation of MUC16 in stratified cultures of human corneal epithelial cells, which may have implications to the proper restoration of barrier function in ocular surface disease.
The Induction of Drosophila Heat Shock Proteins by Plants That Can Extend Fly Lifespan

The occurrence of most non-infectious diseases increases as we get older. There is now a growing research effort to understand aging, and try to slow it in order to treat a broad range of diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms of aging are not clear, and there are many theories, each with varying degrees of support. A hallmark of aging is a decreased resistance to environmental stresses such as heat, and the lifespan of many organisms is inversely related to body temperature. One strategy for slowing the aging process is to screen for drugs and botanical extracts that can extend lifespan in model organisms such as the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Several botanical extracts have been recently identified to increase lifespan in flies. Surprisingly, there is no overall correlation between increased lifespan and an increased tolerance to heat. In one case, an extract that increased fly lifespan had a marked decreased in heat tolerance and heat shock protein expression. These results parallel those of the direct study of HSP expression and lifespan in fruit flies. In summary, there is no clear relationship between the induction of HSPs and extension of lifespan in fruit flies through the use of botanical extracts.
Tricks of the Trade: Treating Your Patient with Moderate-to-Severe IBD

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases. There is a broad spectrum of presentations, and no “one-size-fits-all” management strategy exists. In the era of precision medicine, we attempt to tailor therapy to individual patient needs. In this chapter, we describe the “tricks of the trade,” in other words, the methods, techniques, and practices that will afford patients the better outcome and thus improve their quality of life.
Electrochemical Study of DPPH Radical Scavenging for Evaluating the Antioxidant Capacity of Carbon Nanodots

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have become one of the potential candidates for antioxidants due to their excellent luminescence, biocompatibility, and lower cytotoxicity. While CNDs have experienced some research on radical scavenging activity via UV–vis spectroscopy, the relationship between reserved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) concentration and CNDs’ incubation concentration remains unclear. This work describes an electrochemical study on the changes of redox peaks of the oxidation of DPPH• at gold electrodes with addition of different concentrations of a type of microwave-synthesized CND (U-dots). The result is consistent with a UV–vis absorption dose-dependent study used to quantify the antioxidation activities. Combined with standard heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant analysis, electrochemical study gives a coupled hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism for DPPH• scavenging by the U-dots. This work provides a new perspective on the antioxidative study of the U-dots, which may aid...
Methodological quality of systematic reviews referenced in clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of opioid use disorder

Introduction With efforts to combat opioid use disorder, there is an increased interest in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for opioid use disorder treatments. No literature exists examining the quality of systematic reviews used in opioid use disorder CPGs. This study aims to describe the methodological quality and reporting clarity of systematic reviews (SRs) used to create CPGs for opioid use disorder. Methods From June to July 2016 guideline clearinghouses and medical literature databases were searched for relevant CPGs used in the treatment of opioid use disorder. Included CPGs must have been recognized by a national organization. SRs from the reference section of each CPG was scored by using AMSTAR (a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews) tool and PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) checklist. Results Seventeen CPGs from 2006–2016 were included in the review. From these, 57 unique SRs were extracted. SRS comprised 0.28% to 17.92% of all references found in the CPGs. All SRs obtained moderate or high methodological quality score on the AMSTAR tool. All reviews met at least 70% of PRISMA criteria. In PRISMA, underperforming areas included accurate title labeling, protocol registration, and risk of bias. Underperforming areas in AMSTAR included conflicts of interest, funding, and publication bias. A positive correlation was found between AMSTAR and PRISMA scores (r = .79). Conclusion Although the SRs in the CPGs were of good quality, there are still areas for improvement. Systematic reviewers should consult PRISMA and AMSTAR when conducting and reporting reviews. It is important for CPG developers to consider methodological quality as a factor when developing CPG recommendations, recognizing that the quality of systematic reviews underpinning guidelines does not necessarily correspond to the quality of the guideline itself.
Discordance between Ureteroscopic Biopsy and Final Pathology for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Purpose: We evaluated the discordance between ureteroscopic biopsy and surgical pathology findings for grading and staging upper tract urothelial carcinoma. We also sought to establish preoperative predictors of aggressive tumors.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 314 patients who underwent ureteroscopic biopsy followed by surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma from 2000 to 2016 at a total of 3 institutions. Our primary outcomes were muscle invasive (pT2 or greater) disease at surgical pathology and upgrading of clinical low grade tumors to pathological high grade.Results: At biopsy 61% of the patients had clinical high grade tumors and 21% had subepithelial connective tissue invasion (cT1+). On final pathology 79% of the patients had pathological high grade tumors and 45% had stage pT2 or greater. On multivariate analysis advanced patient age, clinical high grade and cT1+ were independently associated with pT2 or greater. The combined presence of clinical h...
Hepatitis caused by herpes viruses: A review

Herpes virus hepatitis varies in presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to acute liver failure, in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Hepatitis caused by the Herpesviridae family is uncommon and usually results in mild disease. It is also often self-limiting, although in certain populations especially immunosuppressed patients, it can cause severe infections, leading to acute to fulminant hepatic failure. In addition, some isolated cases of fulminant disease in immunocompetent individuals have been reported. As the presentation is frequently non-specific, it is important to maintain a high level of suspicion for these viral etiologies and start empiric therapy with antiviral agents as soon as possible. Liver transplantation is the last resort. Mortality remains high in fulminant hepatic failure caused by Herpesviridae without liver transplantation. Here we review the literatures on hepatitis caused by three members of the Herpesviridae family, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus to discuss the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, clinical features and current management, and also to determine which aspects need to be investigated in further detail. Herpesviridae-mediated acute liver failure is rare but is associated with a poor prognosis, even after early treatment.
Web-Mining mit Methoden des Information Retrievals — Personalisierung von Web-Sites auf Basis von Webtracking Daten

Die Verwendung sog. Webtracking Daten wird haufig als wesentlicher Bestandteil einer Losung propagiert um uber den Kunden Informationen und Wissen zu generieren welches sowohl fair ein ganzheitliches Multi-Channel-Customer-Relationship-Management verwendet werden kann als auch zur Generierung personalisierter Empfehlungen im WWW-Kanal. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Rahmen skizziert wie bisher bekannte Methoden im Bereich des Information Retrievals und der Recommender Systems im Web-Mining anwendbar sind. Es wird gezeigt wie sog. Webtracking Daten semantisch angereichert aggregiert reprasentiert und im Rahmen eines Customer Relationship Management fur die Personalisierung eingesetzt werden konnen.
Role of Cytokines in Angiogenesis: Turning It On and Off

The microenvironment surrounding endothelial cells is rich with secreted proteins necessary for regulating the life cycle of a blood vessel. Without these critical cytokines, initiation and growth of new blood vessels would cease and the integrity of existing blood vessels would be diminished. Cytokine-­induced regulation of angiogenesis is critical for normal vessel growth and ischemic tissue repair, but if unchecked may lead to tumor progression and metastasis. In this chapter, we introduce the cytokines that play active roles during the different stages of angiogenesis and discuss their ability to coordinate both pro- and anti-angiogenic outcomes.
Proceedings, Ninety-ninth Annual Meeting Medical Library Association, Inc. Chicago, Illinois May 14-19, 1999.

Ms. Weise then called June Fulton, chair of the MLA Centennial Coordinating Committee, to bring the Centennial Celebration to a conclusion.
Changing World Religion Map: Status, Literature and Challenges

The study of religion is increasingly being accepted as a legitimate and serious subject of inquiry by scholars in the social and policy sciences and humanities and those in regional studies, and interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary programs. Following decades of neglect, religion and faith/belief systems are being recognized as both important in understanding cultures, societies, economies, politics, and history. This chapter summarizes the book’s remaining 14 parts: nature, ethics and environmental change; sacred spaces and places; pilgrimage landscapes and tourism; education and changing worldviews; business, finance, economic development and law; globalization, diasporas and new faces in the Global North; globalization, diasporas and new faces in the Global South; secularization; megachurches and architecture; culture (museums, drama, fashion, food, music, sports and science fiction); organizations; identity, gender and culture; politics, reconciliation and advocacy; and virtual worlds and the visual media. The 207 chapters discuss religious issues in over 60 countries and are written by scholars from nearly 40 countries. This chapter has an extensive bibliography (over 1,200 items: books, atlases, chapters, journal articles) that includes the contributions of geographers and others writing about historical and contemporary dimensions of religion; it also suggests topics for those wishing to pursue the study of religion and faith issues at all scales (local and global).
Hypoxia does not uniformly facilitate the release of multiple transmitters from the carotid body.

Studies from diverse species have established that type I cell, the putative oxygen sensing element of the carotid body (CB), expresses a variety of conventional neurotransmitters like acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), and neuropeptides and unconventional neurotransmitters like NO and CO [for recent reviews see, (Prabhakar 2000; Kumar and Prabhakar 2002)]. An essential step in the initiation of the sensory response of the CB to hypoxia involves the release of one or more of neurotransmitters from type I cells onto apposed sensory nerve endings (Prabhakar 2000). From direct measurement of neurotransmitter release, it has been shown that hypoxia facilitates the release of both DA (Fidone et al. 1982; Bairam et al. 1996; Chen et al. 2000), and substance P (Kim et al. 2001) in the rabbit CB. On the other hand, hypoxia facilitates ACh release in the cat CB (Fitzgerald et al. 1999). However, it has not yet been determined by simultaneous monitoring of several transmitters whether hypoxia in a given species evokes the release of multiple or only a subset of transmitters in the CB.
An Energy-Efficient Relaying Scheme for Internet of Things Communications

In this paper, we investigate the problem of optimal planning and deployment of multiple relays to support energy- efficient uplink transmissions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. A novel approach is proposed to optimize the relay locations with the objective of minimizing the total energy consumption of the network. In addition, the uplink transmit power of IoT devices and the device-relay-channel association are jointly optimized to meet the QoS requirement of IoT devices. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem is formulated to obtain the optimal solution. We also design a low-complexity genetic algorithm to provide a sub-optimal solution to the problem.
188 PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN CHILDREN.

Objective To report two rare cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) caused by single benign parathyroid adenoma. Method The clinical case history biochemical findings, imaging result, and pathologic features of the resected adenomas are presented. The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia and the genetic implication for both parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia will be discussed. Result Two male patients, 12 and 16 years of age, were evaluated for hypercalcemia. The 12-year-old boy had a history of intermittent hematuria and the 16-year-old9s hypercalcemia was detected by routine laboratory evaluation for elective surgery. Biochemical findings in both cases were consistent with PHP. An imaging study in one case identified parathyroid adenoma, and the other case was nonconclusive. Both patients were found to have a single, benign parathyroid adenoma at surgery, which was successfully removed. Serum calcium parathyroid hormone normalized after surgery and continued to remain normal in subsequent follow-up clinic visit. Conclusion Although relatively common in adults, parathyroid adenoma in children younger than 16 years of age is quite rare. The patient may have minimal symptoms or hypercalcemia may be an incidental finding. PHP in most children is caused by parathyroid adenoma. As opposed to adults, a male predominance of PHP is observed in children. Long-term biochemical follow-up of these patients is warranted.
Modulation of the Oral Microbiome to Improve Oral Health and Reduce BSI from Oral Flora in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Blood stream infections (BSI) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with central venous catheters may arise from translocation of bacteria through a non-intact gastrointestinal mucosa and are known as mucosal barrier injury–laboratory confirmed blood stream infections (MBI-LCBI). Central venous catheter maintenance care doesn't prevent MBI-LCB and currently there are no proven strategies to prevent bacteremia secondary to mucosal barrier injury. Gingivitis and periodontitis are features of the mucosal toxicity seen post-HSCT and are associated with BSI frequency. Xylitol is a non-fermentable polysaccharide that reduces dental caries, plaque accumulation, and oral disease progression by inhibiting bacterial growth and community development. We hypothesized that daily dental xylitol, in addition to current oral care practice, is effective at reducing gingivitis, periodontitis and BSI from oral organisms. Methods We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial to test our hypothesis. All patients received standard oral care and half were randomized to additionally receive daily xylitol. Oral exams were performed at baseline and at intervals for the first 28 days post-HSCT. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing of gingival samples was performed at these same intervals. For patients who develop BSI, whole genome sequencing of bacterial isolates is being performed to assess for genetic relatedness to corresponding strains present within the patient's oral microbiome preceding the infection. Results We enrolled 35 patients, 17 cases and 18 controls before ending the study early for efficacy. Five patients withdrew from the study (3 cases, 2 controls). Patients who received xylitol had a significantly lower rate of gingivitis, oral plaque and oral ulcers greater than 10 mm. There was a significant decrease in BSI from oral organisms in the first 30 days post HSCT in the xylitol group, 0/14 (0%) vs 5/16 (31%) (p = 0.04). Preliminary microbiome analysis showed decrease relative abundance of Candida albicans in patients receiving xylitol and individual patient analysis shows that xylitol may also impede Streptococcus mitis/oralis dominance in the oral microbiome. Additionally, we found that Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI), was prominent in several gingival samples, suggesting BSI with Staphylococcus aureus may indeed be related to mucosal barrier injury. Conclusions The addition of xylitol to oral standard care appears to decrease BSI secondary to oral organisms, dental plaque, gingivitis and oral ulcerations in patients undergoing SCT.
Age and poverty status alter the coding and noncoding transcriptome.

Emerging evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs play regulatory roles in aging and disease. The functional roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in physiology and disease are not completely understood. Little is known about lncRNAs in the context of human aging and socio-environmental conditions. Microarray profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and old white (n=16) and African American (AA) males (n=16) living above or below poverty from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study revealed changes in both lncRNAs and mRNAs with age and poverty status in white males, but not in AA males. We validated lncRNA changes in an expanded cohort (n=40); CTD-3247F14.2, GAS5, H19, TERC and MEG3 changed significantly with age, whereas {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AK022914","term_id":"10434581","term_text":"AK022914"}}AK022914, GAS5, KB-1047C11.2, MEG3 and XLOC_003262 changed with poverty. Mitochondrial function and response to DNA damage and stress were pathways enriched in younger individuals. Response to stress, viral infection, and immune signals were pathways enriched in individuals living above poverty. These data show that both human age and a marker of social adversity influence lncRNA expression, which may provide insight about molecular pathways underlying aging and social factors that affect disparities in aging and disease.