cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diverticula of the Stomach: A Report of Thirty Cases and a Review of the Literature

Summary The literature is reviewed and thirty additional cases of diverticula of the stomach are analyzed. The condition is quite rare in that approximately 60,000 roentgenograms of the stomach were done—an incidence of one in two thousand. We did not find any great sex difference, but 82% of our cases were in patients over 40 years of age. 74% of the diverticula reported in the literature and 90% of the present series were located in the cardia. Eleven or 37% of our cases had diverticula elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract as well. There were no characteristic symptoms. In 23 cases the symptoms were probably the result of other gastrointestinal conditions. Seven patients with ulcer-like symptoms, aggravated by lying down in two cases, had no pathology other than the diverticulum to explain their symptoms. Details of the roentgenological diagnosis are outlined and five typical roentgenograms are shown. Two patients were gastroscoped, in one of whom the diverticulum was seen. Gastroscopic examination is not recommended for the typical diverticulum of the cardia, but is for diverticulum located elsewhere in the stomach. The most common complication of diverticulum is hemorrhage. This oc curred in two of our thirty cases. There is very little evidence that carcinoma develops in diverticulum 6f the cardia. The treatment of the patient with this condition is the treatment of the associated condition (peptic ulcer, gall bladder disease, irritable colon etc.). Most patients respond well to an ulcer program or an irritable colon regime. It was not necessary to operate upon any of the patients in this series. There is little indication for surgery in diverticulum of the cardia; severe persistent symptoms that do not respond to strict medical management or repeated hemorrhage may be listed as indications for surgery. Many gastric diverticula located outside the cardia should have surgery because of the frequent association with malignant disease.
Simple Inductive Proofs of the Fishburn and Mirkin Theorem and the Scott–Suppes Theorem

This paper presents new proofs of two classic characterization theorems for families of ordered sets. The first is that any finite poset with no restriction isomorphic to \(\underline 2 + \underline 2 \) has an interval representation. The second is that any finite poset with no restriction isomorphic to \(\underline 2 + \underline 2 \) or to \(\underline 3 + \underline 1 \) has a unit interval representation. Both proofs are straightforward and inductive.
Exploring Network Behavior Using Cluster Analysis

Innovation increasingly does occur in network environments. Identifying the important players in the innovative process, namely “the innovators”, is key to understanding the process of innovation. Doing this requires flexible analysis tools tailored to work well with complex datasets generated within such environments. One such tool, cluster analysis, organizes a large data set into discrete groups based on patterns of similarity. It can be used to discover data patterns in networks without requiring strong ex ante assumptions about the properties of either the data generating process or the environment. This paper reviews key procedures and algorithms related to cluster analysis. Further, it demonstrates how to choose among these methods to identify the characteristics of players in a network experiment where innovation emerges endogenously.
Selective inhibition of ADAM metalloproteases blocks HER-2 extracellular domain (ECD) cleavage and potentiates the anti-tumor effects of trastuzumab

13021 Background: HER-2, a member of ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is an important regulator of cell proliferation and survival, and is a clinically validated target of therapeutic inte...
Critical response and reply

(1986). Critical response and reply. Critical Studies in Mass Communication: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 252-256.
Creatine and Glycogen Content of Normal and Infarcted Heart Muscle of the Dog

In our studies of the effects of perfusing the rabbit hearts with Ringer-Locke solution to which various amino-acids were added,1 we were struck by the fact that infarction of the myocardium caused a sharp drop in the pH of the perfusate. This was apparently due to the liberation of a non-volatile acid metabolite giving the qualitative test for lactic acid. The inevitable result of the drop in pH was earlier failure, and, furthermore, low heart muscle creatine values. These findings seemed to be a corollary of our previous observation2 that myocardial infarction in the dog leads to a creatinuria.We therefore decided to undertake chemical studies of the infarcted as compared with the normal heart muscle of the dog. In addition to the creatine content we thought it worth while to determine the glycogen content, since Riesser and Brentano, we found, had demonstrated a close relationship between creatine mobilization and glycogenolysis.3 Himwich and Goldfarb have demonstrated a decrease in glycogen content an...
An Artificial Diet for Otiorhynchus sulcatus Larvae

Many insects have been successfully reared on artificial diets. However, most were insects which complete larval development in a month or less. We know of no insect with development requiring 2–3 months that has been reared on an agar diet. Smith (1932) reported that the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), required 72–113 days for larval development. Large numbers were required for toxicological and biological studies, but rearing them on plants required excessive space, plants, and time. Therefore, studies were initiated to develop an artificial diet. Diets based on powdered milk (Shanks and Finnigan 1971), wheat germ, and casein were unsatisfactory, but one in which pinto beans were the main ingredient was promising.
Positronium formation in e + − Li and e + − Na collisions at low energies

Measurements of positronium formation cross sections for positrons in the energy range down to a few tenths of one electron volt scattered by Li and Na atoms are reported. The reasonable agreement of the measured cross sections for Li with theoretical predictions is in striking contrast to the case for Na where there is a pronounced divergence between calculated and measured values below 1 eV.
All-optical beam deflection method for simultaneous thermal conductivity and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) measurements

This work describes an all-optical beam deflection method to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity ( Λ) and thermo-optic coefficient ( dn/dT) of materials that are absorbing at λ= 10.6 μm and are transparent to semi-transparent at λ= 632.8 nm. The technique is based on the principle of measuring the beam deflection of a probe beam (632.8 nm) in the frequency-domain due to a spatially and temporally varying index gradient that is thermally induced by 50:50 split pump beam from a CO2 laser (10.6 μm). The technique and analysis methods are validated with measurements of 10 different optical materials having Λ and dn/dT properties ranging between 0.7 W/m K ≲Λ≲ 33.5 W/m K and −12 × 10−6 K−1 ≲dn/dT≲ 14 × 10−6 K−1, respectively. The described beam deflection technique is highly related to other well-established, all-optical materials characterization methods, namely, thermal lensing and photothermal deflection spectroscopy. Likewise, due to its all-optical, pump-probe nature, it is applicable to mate...
APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN COMBINATIONWITH MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO PREDICTION OF ROLLING LOAD OF HOT STRIP ROLLING MILL

In view of intrinsic imperfection of traditional models of rolling load, in order to improve the prediction precision of rolling load, a new method combining artificial neural networks with mathematical models to predict rolling load is put forward. Offline simulation indicates that the predicted results are more accurate than that estimated with traditional models. The relative error is within 5 %
Chromosomal disease and strabismus.

(1977). Chromosomal Disease and Strabismus. American Orthoptic Journal: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 138-141.
Thermal Behavior of Long-Chain Alcohols on Sapphire Substrate

Structures of amphiphilic molecules at the liquid/solid and solid/solid interfaces are important in understanding lubrication, colloid stabilization, chromatography, and nucleation. Here, we have used interface-sensitive sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to characterize the interfacial structures of long-chain alcohols above and below the bulk melting temperature (Tm). The melting temperature of the ordered hexadecanol monolayer was measured to be around 30 °C above the bulk Tm, consistent with the transition temperature reported using X-ray reflectivity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106, 137801]. The disruption of hydrogen bonds between the sapphire and the alcohol hydroxyl groups was directly measured as a function of temperature. The strength of this hydrogen-bonding interaction, which explained the monolayer thermal stability above Tm, was calculated using the Badger–Bauer equation. Below Tm, the ordered self-assembled monolayer influenced the structure of the interfacial crystalline layer, and th...
Advancing Methods in Research on Asian American Children and Youth

Asian American children and youth constitute at the same time an immigrant group, a set of ethnic groups, and a set of cultural groups. Research on these populations can therefore take on one or more of these perspectives. This article provides guidance for research methods in three areas: (a) conceptualizing and assessing migration-related factors, (b) assessing ethnicity and national origin, and (c) using culturally and contextually relevant measures. Methodological recommendations are made for each area, with attention to small-scale studies with community samples as well as large-scale data sets. In addition, this article recommends researchers attend to within-group variations (i.e., intersections of ethnicity, generational status, gender, class, sexuality), the embeddedness of individual development in context, and specificity of developmental periods.
Biting the Bullet

Deciding whether to run for office can be very difficult, even for high-profile potential candidates or experienced politicians. Consider the case of Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan, who was wooed by Barack Obama to seek a U.S. Senate seat in 2010. Madigan was thought to be the clear favorite in the race for the open seat. Not only did Rahm Emanuel (then-chief of staff to President Obama) deem Madigan the “most popular political figure in Illinois,” but Madigan's father is also Illinois House Speaker Michael J. Madigan, whose connections and influence played a major role in his daughter's previous campaigns. In fact, Congressman Mark Kirk, the strongest potential candidate on the Republican side of the aisle, made clear that he would not enter a race against Madigan. Yet after months of “agonizing” over the decision, Madigan informed supporters and the media that she would not run for the seat: “I have a job that I love right now and I also have a family that I love and I plan on continuing to serve as your attorney general.” In another example, Congressman Sam Graves (R–MO) announced in January 2011 that he would not challenge Democratic U.S. Senator Claire McCaskill for her seat in 2012. The Republicans’ prospects of winning the seat in a race expected to be one of the most competitive of the cycle, regardless of their nominee, would have been brightest if Graves had thrown his hat into the ring. First elected to the House of Representatives in 2000, Congressman Graves was thought to have a unique ability to tap into McCaskill's base in Kansas City. Moreover, his rural background, opposition to the Democrats’ stimulus package, and recent ascension to chair of the House Small Business Committee were expected to carry broad appeal with Missouri voters. Following drawn-out speculation about his political ambition, however, Graves finally issued a public statement: “It was an agonizing decision for me, determining the best way for me to serve and my ability to get there. I believe it is a winnable race for me. However, I also believe that I can have a greater impact on federal policy in the next six years as a chairman in the House.”
Effects of racial match on Asian American mental health consumer satisfaction.

This study investigated the effects of consumer–provider racial match on consumer service satisfaction and treatment outcomes (i.e., Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and GAF-Posttest) of 96 outpatient consumers, 66 of whom were adults and 30 of whom were parent/caregivers of child consumers. Data was obtained by telephone interviews over a 6-week period. After controlling for four other variables, client satisfaction was higher for racially matched consumers. Racially matched child consumers also had higher GAF-Posttest scores. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Precision Teaching and Complex Behavior

(2003). Precision Teaching and Complex Behavior. European Journal of Behavior Analysis: Vol. 4, No. 1-2, pp. 63-66.
MASTITIS THERAPY AND CONTROL | Management Control Options

Mastitis management control options for the prevention of this disease include genetic selection, nutrition, alleviating stress, and proper hygiene. Breeding programs have resulted in a marked genetic improvement in milk yield but have also led to increased susceptibility to mastitis owing to a negative correlation between yield and disease resistance. Somatic cell count and cell score data are used as indirect measures of mastitis, as their genetic correlation with mastitis is 60–80%; thus, genetic selection of cows with low somatic cell counts or low somatic cell scores reduces incidence of this disease. Diet also plays a role in resistance to mastitis because micronutrients such as various antioxidants, vitamin A, β-carotene, zinc, and chromium affect mammary defense mechanisms including leukocyte function, and deficiencies in these micronutrients are related to an increase in incidence, duration, and severity of udder disease. Likewise, thermal stress and increased relative humidity lead to behavioral as well as physiological changes in cows that predispose them to mastitis; therefore, exposure to such environmental stressors must be minimized. Finally, proper hygiene practices that reduce exposure of cows to bacteria, and include recommended milking hygiene practice as well as promoting a clean and dry environment, must be followed.
Negative Emotions and Suicidal Ideation during Psychosocial Treatments in Older Adults with Major Depression and Cognitive Impairment

Objective To examine the relationship of negative emotions with suicidal ideation during 12 weeks of Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) versus Supportive Therapy of Cognitively Impaired Older Adults (ST-CI), hypothesizing that improved negative emotions are associated with reduced suicidal ideation, PATH improves negative emotions more than ST-CI, and improved negative emotions, rather than other depression symptoms, predict reduction in suicidal ideation. Methods In a randomized controlled trial of two home-delivered psychosocial interventions, 74 older participants (65–95 years old) with major depressive disorder and cognitive impairment were recruited in collaboration with community agencies. The sample reported less intense feelings than suicidal intention. Interventions and assessments were conducted in participants' homes. PATH focuses on improving emotion regulation, whereas ST-CI focuses on nonspecific therapeutic factors, such as understanding and empathy. Improved negative emotions were measured as improvement in Montgomery Asberg's Depression Rating Scales' (MADRS) observer ratings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, hopelessness, and anhedonia. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the MADRS Suicide Item. Results MADRS Negative Emotions scores were significantly associated with suicidal ideation during the course of treatment (F [1,165] = 12.73, p = 0.0005). PATH participants had significantly greater improvement in MADRS emotions than ST-CI participants (treatment group by time: F [1,63.2] = 7.02, p = 0.0102). Finally, improved negative emotions, between lagged and follow-up interview, significantly predicted reduction in suicidal ideation at follow-up interview (F [1, 96] = 9.95, p = 0.0022). Conclusion Findings thatimprovement in negative emotions mediates reduction in suicidal ideation may guide the development of psychosocial interventions for reduction of suicidal ideation (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00368940).
Potential of Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Activated Factor VII to Reverse the Anticoagulant Effects of Rivaroxaban in Primates

Rivaroxaban is an oral, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor that has been recommended for approval by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip and knee replacement, and is in advanced clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Because bleeding is a potential side-effect of accidental rivaroxaban overdose, we evaluated whether activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC, FEIBA ® ) and recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven ® ) administration could mitigate the antihemostatic effects of high-dose rivaroxaban in juvenile male baboons. Pharmacologic impairment of hemostasis (3- to 4-fold increase in prothrombin time [PT] from baseline and ≥2-fold increase in template bleeding time [BT]) was achieved by an intravenous (i.v.) bolus of rivaroxaban (0.6 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (0.6 mg/kg/h) for 60 minutes. At steady-state anticoagulation (30 minutes from bolus), one group of anticoagulated baboons (n=7) received APCC (50 U/kg, over 25 minutes). A second group (n=7) received an i.v. bolus dose of rFVIIa (210 μg/kg) 30 minutes after the start of anticoagulation. Reversal of the antihemostatic effects of supratherapeutic doses of rivaroxaban by APCC and rFVIIa was assessed by measurement of BT and clotting times. In the APCC group, high-dose rivaroxaban prolonged BT to 202% (95% CI±21%; p p Table. The effect of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) and recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) on bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin–antithrombin complex concentration (TAT) in baboons anticoagulated with high-dose rivaroxaban (n=7 each). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation
Re-directing bacterial microcompartment systems to enhance recombinant expression of lysis protein E from bacteriophage ϕX174 in Escherichia coli.

Recombinant expression of toxic proteins remains a challenging problem. One potential method to shield toxicity and thus improve expression of these proteins is to encapsulate them within protein compartments to sequester them away from their targets. Many bacteria naturally produce so-called bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) in which enzymes comprising a biosynthetic pathway are encapsulated in a proteinaeous shell, which is in part thought to shield the cells from the toxicity of reaction intermediates. As a proof-of-concept, we attempted to encapsulate toxic, lysis protein E (E) from bacteriophage ϕX174 inside recombinant BMCs to enhance its expression and achieve higher yields during downstream purification. E was fused with various N-terminal BMC targeting tags (PduP-, PduD-, and EutC-tags, 18–20 amino acids) and co-expressed with appropriate BMC shell proteins that associate with the tags and are required to form BMCs. Only BMC targeted E fusions, but not non-tagged E, could be successfully cloned, suggesting that the BMC tags reduce the toxicity of E. A PduP-tagged E system appeared to achieve the highest expression of E. Co-expression of Pdu BMC shell proteins with PduP-E increased its expression by 20–50%. Affinity purification of PduP-E via Ni–NTA in the presence of Empigen BB detergent yielded 270 µg of PduP-E per L of induced culture. Removal of the PduP-tag via proteolysis resulted in a final yield of 200 µg of E per L of induced culture, a nearly order of magnitude (~sevenfold) improvement compared to prior reports. These results demonstrate improved expression of ϕX174 lysis protein E via re-directed BMC systems and ultimately higher E purification yields. Similar strategies can be used to enhance expression of other toxic proteins in recombinant Escherichia coli systems.
Characterization of Aortic Valve Closure Artifact during Outflow Tract Mapping: Correlation with Hemodynamics and Mechanical Valves

Background— Premature ventricular contractions originating in the left ventricle outflow tract represent a significant subgroup of patients referred for catheter ablation. Mechanical artifacts from aortic valve leaflet motion may be observed during mapping, although the incidence and characteristics have not been reported. Methods and Results— Twenty-eight consecutive patients with left ventricle outflow tract premature ventricular contraction were included. Electric signals recorded on the ablation catheter not coincident with atrial or ventricular depolarization were analyzed on the recording system. Correlation with invasive hemodynamic aortic pressure tracings was performed. Additionally, 4 patients with mechanical aortic valves, who underwent scar-related ventricular tachycardia ablation, were analyzed to correlate the timing of the observed artifacts with native aortic valves. Aortic valve artifact was observed while mapping within the coronary cusps in 11 patients (39%; 73% men; age, 41±25 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 49±16%) with high incidence from the left coronary cusp. This artifact was consistently observed with timing coincident with the terminal portion of the T wave. The average interval between the end of the T wave and the aortic valve artifact was 19±37 ms. The duration of the aortic valve artifact was 39±8 ms with amplitude of 0.12±0.07 mV (range, 0.06–0.36 mV). Conclusions— In patients referred for left ventricle outflow tract premature ventricular contraction ablation, an aortic valve closure artifact is observed in up to one third of cases during mapping within the aortic cusps. The timing of this artifact correlates with invasive hemodynamics and mechanical aortic valve artifacts. Recognition of this physiological phenomenon is useful when assigning near-field activation.
Squares in binary partial words

In this paper, we investigate the number of positions that do not start a square, the number of square occurrences, and the number of distinct squares in binary partial words. Letting σh(n) be the maximum number of positions not starting a square for binary partial words with h holes of length n, we show that limσh(n)/n=15/31 provided the limit of h/n is zero. Letting γh(n) be the minimum number of square occurrences in a binary partial word of length n with h holes, we show, under some condition on h, that limγh(n)/n=103/187. Both limits turn out to match with the known limits for binary full words. We also bound the difference between the maximum number of distinct squares in a binary partial word and that of a binary full word by (2h−1)(n+2), where n is the length and h is the number of holes. This allows us to find a simple proof of the known 3n upper bound in a one-hole binary partial word using the completions of such a partial word.
Robotic Biomechanical Testing of Cervical Spine Structures

Robotic biomechanical testing in 6 degrees of freedom (dof) has the potential to improve our ability to quantify the biomechanical structural properties of the cervical spine and sub-structures. A testing system has been developed to quantify the biomechanical properties of the cervical spine soft tissue sub-structures that is unique in that it utilizes a spatial kinematic linkage for position feedback and therefore eliminates the effect of machine compliance on the specimen motion measurement. Cadaver spines were loaded in all directions and the structural contributions, length, elongation and load for the structures were determined.
Reason and Laughter: Jeanne d’Arc au Bûcher and La Danse des Morts

While Jeanne d’Arc au Bucher and La Danse des Morts do not give any objectifying explication which would make creation amenable to history and psychology, and while Claudel firmly holds that all his works unfold his creative imagination and not facts, there is the appeal of a poignant subtext, impossible to ignore in any performance and which has moved the audience to both tears and laughter. Both the historical division of countries into North and South and the emergence of an exceptional individual with a unique vocation were points of departure in the unfolding of Claudel’s creative imagination. In La Danse des Morts, he refers to the division of Biblical Israel, in Jeanne d’Arc au Bucher, to the antagonistic religious views which opposed North and South after the schism of Bâle in 1361 and to the voices of dissent when in 1429 an English King reigned in Paris; English forces occupied all the land from the Channel to the Loire, as well as the Duchy of Aquitaine. The powerful and autonomous Duke of Burgundy tolerated the invaders. Pestilence and famine, dissent, chaos, civil strife and warfare inspired painters and poets. Villon’s obsessive visions of death and decay and frescoes of danses macabres on the walls of churches and cemeteries recorded the human condition of despair. In this period of bitterness there emerged Jeanne d’Arc. In the entire history of France there is no more stirring figure than the young peasant girl from Lorraine who became the soul of national resistance.
Mn Valence and Mn-O Bond Length in La0.7A0.3 MnO3 Perovskite Catalysts (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, and Pb)

Catalysts commonly used for oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons are those containing Pt, Pd and other noble metals. They are used for purification of exhaust gases from automobiles and chimneys of electric power plants, for oxidation of hydrocarbons as well as combustion promoters in the regeneration of cracking catalysts. The noble metals are very expensive, and rare-earth (RE) elements are very abundant in China. Therefore, the investigation of RE catalysts as substitutes for the noble metals is obviously of technological and scientific significance.
Safety and efficacy of cerebral protection devices in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A clinical end-points meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Stroke after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) occurs with an incidence of 4–11% and is a particularly devastating adverse event associated with the procedure. Several cerebral protection devices (CPD) have been developed to prevent cerebrovascular events during TAVR. While most studies have shown CPD to be associated with decreased number and volume of lesions on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging , the clinical benefit of these devices remains uncertain. Methods We aimed to use meta-analysis techniques to study the clinical safety and efficacy of these CPD in prospective randomized and non-randomized studies. Data was summarized as Mantel-Haenszel relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used the Higgins' I2 statistic to evaluate heterogeneity. Results We found no evidence of difference between patients with and without CPD [RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.40–1.21)] for the primary composite outcome of stroke and mortality at 30 days. The two groups were also comparable in peri-procedural strokes [RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.27–1.07)], stroke at 30 days [RR 0.69(95% CI 0.38–1.26)], mortality [RR 0.59 (95% CI 0.22–1.59) at 30 days, AKI [RR 0.68(95% CI 0.28–1.62)], major bleeding [RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.26–1.18)], life threating bleeding [0.54 (95% CI 0.19–1.53)] and major vascular complications [RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.52–1.24)]. The risk of strokes within the first week of TAVR was significantly lower in the CPD group [0.56(95% CI 0.33–0.96)]. Conclusion CPD are associated with a decreased incidence of strokes within 1 week of follow-up without showing any evidence of increased risk of other peri-procedural adverse events.
The Political Value of Time: Citizenship, Duration, and Democratic Justice

Waiting periods and deadlines are so ubiquitous that we often take them for granted. Yet they form a critical part of any democratic architecture. When a precise moment or amount of time is given political importance, we ought to understand why this is so. The Political Value of Time explores the idea of time within democratic theory and practice. Elizabeth F. Cohen demonstrates how political procedures use quantities of time to confer and deny citizenship rights. Using specific dates and deadlines, states carve boundaries around a citizenry. As time is assigned a form of political value it comes to be used to transact over rights. Cohen concludes with a normative analysis of the ways in which the devaluation of some people's political time constitutes a widely overlooked form of injustice. This book shows readers how and why they need to think about time if they want to understand politics.
Implementation of Five-element, Interprofessional Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundle in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a leading cause of hospital acquired infection, increases morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Local problem: With a VAP rate at four times the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) benchmark, the goal of this quality improvement project was to develop and implement a VAP prevention bundle to sustainably reduce VAP rate in a pediatric ICU to below NHSN benchmark over 5 years. Methods and interventions: Patient population included all patients …
Results from the MAC1 Vertex Chamber

In the summer of 1983, the MAC and Mark-II collaborations gave evidence for bottom hadron lifetimes or 1–2 ps2 based on data accumulated at the PEP e + e − storage ring at SLAC. The importance and fundamental nature of this measurement3 prompted the MAC collaboration to propose, in autumn 1983, the addition of a high precision vertex chamber to the MAC detector. The design utilized thin walled cylindrical drift tubes made of aluminized mylar. The device was installed in autumn 1984, immediately provided useful data, and continued to operate until March, 1986, when MAC data taking ceased. It has achieved the highest spatial resolution −35 μm— of any drift chamber used at colliders for physics results. In this paper, we describe the research and development of this chamber, its performance, and the B-lifetime result obtained with it.
Ten Arguments Against Affirmative Action: How Valid?

Reviews and answers some of the most common arguments against affirmative action, including that it violates the merit principle, is unfair to innocent whites, stigmatizes its beneficiaries, and enshrines unequal treatment on account of race.
Swallowing its Own Tail: The Circular Grammar of Background Principles Under Lucas

The exception to the rule the United States Supreme Court established in Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council states that a regulation that deprives a landowner of all economically viable use of its land is a taking per se unless “the proscribed use interests were not part of [the owner’s] title to begin with.” This article, a review of two other articles, makes three grammatical arguments to demonstrate that the Court’s exception is actually an essential ingredient of the main rule, and a partially contradictory one at that. First, the so-called exception is not an exception because it assumes an owner can be deprived of something it never had. Second, a categorical rule from which a large proportion of cases is excluded is, by definition, not categorical. Finally, Lucas demands that a court answer two questions, but the “logically antecedent inquiry” that the Court describes cannot be undertaken beforehand and must be addressed concurrently. Once we put these three linguistic failings together, it becomes evident that the rule of Lucas is self-contradictory.
Thinking about Thinking: Dance Education and 4E Cognition

This is not a trivial question for those of us who teach dance as part of a tradition of educators who seek to foster the development of critical thinkers or what might be called consciousness-rais...
Asymptotic Optimality of Empirical Likelihood for Testing Moment Restrictions

We show by example that empirical likelihood and other commonly used tests for moment restrictions are unable to control the (exponential) rate at which the probability of a Type I error tends to zero unless the possible distributions for the observed data are restricted appropriately. From this, it follows that for the optimality claim for empirical likelihood in Kitamura (2001) to hold, additional assumptions and qualifications are required. Under stronger assumptions than those in Kitamura (2001), we establish the following optimality result: (i) empirical likelihood controls the rate at which the probability of a Type I error tends to zero and (ii) among all procedures for which the probability of a Type I error tends to zero at least as fast, empirical likelihood maximizes the rate at which the probability of a Type II error tends to zero for most alternatives. This result further implies that empirical likelihood maximizes the rate at which the probability of a Type II error tends to zero for all alternatives among a class of tests that satisfy a weaker criterion for their Type I error probabilities.
An implementation of accountable anonymity

Complex well developed and established Anonymity systems lack Accountability. These systems offer unconditional anonymity to their users which can stimulate abusive behavior. Controlling abuse should be equally important as protecting the anonymity of legitimate users when designing anonymous applications. Current anonymity systems are promoted to family and friends, businesses, activists and the media. However, these same systems could potentially be used for: sending offensive email, spam, copyrighted material, cyber warfare, child pornography, pedophiles chatting with kids online or any other illegal activity performed on the Internet. Freedom of speech and the First Amendment allows people to express their opinions and choose any anonymity service and by no means will people be forced to use this system. In this thesis, a model that allows an anonymous yet accountable method of communication on the Internet is introduced. The design and implementation is based on a new proxy-re-encryption scheme and a modified onion routing scheme. Techniques for Accountable Anonymity are demonstrated by building a lightweight prototype. In this system, users are registered in the system’s database in order to use it. In this research, the total network latency is significantly smaller when sending data over the network compared to The onion router (Tor) system which makes it deployable to use at a larger scale system. Also, the Accountable Anonymity system’s digital forensic mode makes it easier to track the perpetrators.
The Cultural Politics of Slam Poetry: Race, Identity, and the Performance of Popular Verse in America

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Susan A. Somers-Willett Year: 2009 Pages: 208 Publisher: University of Michigan Press ISBN: 978-0-472-07059-6 (hard cover).
The Role of Reflection in Elementary Mathematics and Science Teachers' Training and Development: A Meta-Synthesis.

Meaningful and effective training and professional development programs for teachers are key to the improvement of teaching practices in our schools. In this paper, the authors offer a meta-synthesis of the literature on the role of reflection for mathematics and science teachers within the context of professional development. The authors frame this review using Desimone's core components of professional development, a research-based framework emphasizing components tied to positive outcomes (content focus, active learning, coherence, duration, and collective participation). A synthesis of literature in this area shows that few training and professional development programs include all five components of Desimone's core conceptual framework for effective professional development linked to positive outcomes. Further, the authors find in their review that increased contact hours included in a professional development program produce an increase in frequency, duration, and depth of reflective practice for teachers.
Abstract 5547: A genetic variant nearKLK3gene is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and can stratify Gleason score 7 patients

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Purpose: Gleason score (GS) 7 prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with significant differences in aggressiveness and prognosis. We sought to identify genetic biomarkers that may predict the aggressiveness of GS 7 diseases. Experimental Design: We genotyped 72 prostate cancer susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genome-wide association studies in 1827 white men with histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. SNPs associated with disease aggressiveness were identified by comparing high-aggressive (GS ≥8) and low-aggressive (GS ≤6) cases. The significant SNPs were then tested to see whether they could further stratify GS 7 prostate cancer. Results: Three SNPs\_rs2735839, rs10486567, and rs103294\_were associated with biopsy-proven high-aggressive (GS ≥8) prostate cancer (P < 0.05). Rs2735839 and rs10486567 were also associated with high D'Amico risk groups. Furthermore, the frequency of the variant allele (A) at rs2735839 was significantly higher in patients with biopsy-proven GS 4+3 disease than in those with GS 3+4 disease (P = 0.003). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients carrying the A allele at rs2735839 exhibited a 1.85-fold (95% 1.31-2.61) increased risk of being GS 4+3 compared to those with GS 3+4. Rs2735839 is located 600 base pair downstream of KLK3 gene (encoding PSA) on 19q13.33 and has been shown to modulate PSA level, providing strong biological plausibility for its association with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Conclusions: We showed the association of the rs2735839 with high-aggressive prostate cancer (GS ≥8). Moreover, we reported for the first time that rs2735839 can stratify GS 7 patients, which would be clinically important for more accurately assessing the clinical behavior of the intermediate-grade prostate cancer and for tailoring personalized treatment and post-treatment management. Citation Format: Jian Gu, Yonggang He, Sara S. Strom, Christopher J. Logothetis, Jeri Kim, Xifeng Wu. A genetic variant near KLK3 gene is associated with aggressive prostate cancer and can stratify Gleason score 7 patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5547. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5547
Consumer Capital Market Constraints and Guaranteed Renewable Insurance

This paper analyzes a market in which individuals can purchase guaranteed renewable insurance policies to insure against the risk of loss in the current period and the risk of an increased probability of loss. Individuals who cannot borrow will purchase partially guaranteed renewable insurance at most. Relatively impatient individuals may purchase policies with no guaranteed renewability features. Without borrowing, the results are similar regardless of whether consumers can save.
Jurisdiction as Competition Promotion: A Unified Theory of the FCC's Ancillary Jurisdiction

The FCC’s “ancillary jurisdiction” refers to the agency’s residual authority to regulate matters over which it lacks explicit statutory authority under the Communications Act of 1934. Because many of today’s most controversial and consequential policy debates involve new technologies not explicitly covered by that statute, the scope of the FCC’s ancillary jurisdiction has taken on a critical new importance in recent years. In particular, the future of federal Internet policy depends on resolving the questions surrounding ancillary jurisdiction. In this article, I provide a new theory of the FCC’s ancillary jurisdiction, arguing that it is best understood as an authority to promote market competition. More specifically, ancillary jurisdiction has primarily addressed and promoted competition in markets where vertical leveraging is a concern – particularly those involving dominant incumbent infrastructure providers. My argument has both a positive and normative dimension. Descriptively, I offer the novel argument that the competition-promotion framework provides the most persuasive and coherent account of the seemingly incoherent line of cases reviewing the FCC’s ancillary jurisdiction. Normatively, I argue that the FCC’s ancillary jurisdiction should be exercised in this manner, in large part to protect the doctrine’s viability in the face of increasing criticism and to shape it in a way that both promotes competition and limits agency capture.
In Other Business

In this book, Dr. Keri Day addresses the challenges religious communities face in being a site of both support and shaming for poor people, especially book black women. In an effort to understand how race affects the way aid and empowerment occurs for black women made poor, Day analyzes faithbased programs and government-led programs designed to help mitigate poverty. In the end, she begins to offer a way forward that is neither demeaning nor debilitating for women who strive to thrive in communities.
Small-footprint high-performance deep neural network-based speech recognition using split-VQ

Due to a large number of parameters in deep neural networks (DNNs), it is challenging to design a small-footprint DNN-based speech recognition system while maintaining a high recognition performance. Even with a singular value matrix decomposition (SVD) method and scalar quantization, the DNN model is still too large to be deployed on many mobile devices. Common practices like reducing the number of hidden nodes often result in significant accuracy loss. In this work, we propose to split each row vector of weight matrices into sub-vectors, and quantize them into a set of codewords using a split vector quantization (split-VQ) algorithm. The codebook can be fine-tuned using back-propagation when an aggressive quantization is performed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can further reduce the model size by 75% to 80% and save 10% to 50% computation on top of an already very compact SVD-DNN without a noticeable performance degradation. This results in a 3.2 MB-footprint DNN giving similar recognition performance as what a 59.1 MB standard DNN can achieve.
Political and Cultural Dimensions of Tea Party Support, 2009–2012

The Tea Party Movement (TPM) burst onto the political scene following the 2008 elections. Early on, the movement attracted broad public support and seemed to tap into a variety of cultural concerns...
Why Is a Valid Inference a Good Inference

True beliefs and truth-preserving inferences are, in some sense, good beliefs and good inferences. When an inference is valid though, it is not merely truth-preserving, but truth-preserving in all cases. This motivates my question: I consider a Modus Ponens inference, and I ask what its validity in particular contributes to the explanation of why the inference is, in any sense, a good inference. I consider the question under three different definitions of ‘case’, and hence of ‘validity’: (i) the orthodox definition given in terms of interpretations or models, (ii) a metaphysical definition given in terms of possible worlds, and (iii) a substitutional definition defended by Quine. I argue that the orthodox notion is poorly suited to explain what's good about a Modus Ponens inference. I argue that there is something good that is explained by a certain kind of truth across possible worlds, but the explanation is not provided by metaphysical validity in particular; nothing of value is explained by truth across all possible worlds. Finally, I argue that the substitutional notion of validity allows us to correctly explain what is good about a valid inference.
Ultrastructural Changes Associated with Germination and Outgrowth of an Appendage-Bearing Clostridial Spore

The sequence of events occurring during the germination and outgrowth of appendage-bearing spores of Clostridium bifermentans was studied by phase-contrast and electron microscopy. The mature spore was characterized ultrastructurally as having the normal spore components as well as long tubular appendages which orginated from the surface of the spore coat. Spores were incompletely enclosed by a distinctly laminated exosporium which possessed hairlike projections on its outermost layer. During germination, structural changes were observed in the core, core wall, cortex, and spore coat layers. Cortical material was extruded from the spore during outgrowth, which usually occurred from the pole opposite the appendages. The subunits comprising the structure of the appendages and the morphology of the mature appendages were observed. No discernible changes could be observed in the spore appendages during germination and outgrowth.
The effect of a longer fixed- and variable-duration CS on operant responding

A light was associated with fixed-time (FT), variable-time (VT), fixed-interval (FI), or variable-interval (VI) schedules. With FT, the light was terminated after 50 sec and a response-independent food pellet was presented. With VT, the duration of the light varied about a mean value of 50 sec. With FI, the first response emitted after 50 sec produced a food pellet. With VI, the interval was varied about a mean value of 50 sec. These schedules were presented intermittently, and operant responding was maintained on a VI schedule in the absence of the light. The FT and VT schedules produced facilitation of operant responding. The FI and VI schedules also produced facilitation of operant responding, but there was no difference in the rate between FT and FI and between VT and VI.
Multiple error correction by means of parity checks

An n-place binary parity check code which corrects up to and including e errors in each code letter is fully described by its n characteristics, which are r-dimensional vectors, where r is the number of redundant binits in each code letter. It is shown that the characteristics of such a code have the essential property that any subset of 2e of them are linearly independent. An upper bound on r for fixed n and e is obtained by consideration of a systematic procedure for finding the characteristics; this upper bound is always less than, or equal to, twice the lower bound of Hamming.1
A novel derivation of the Solomon-Bloemberpa-Morgan equations: Application to solvent relaxation by Mn2+—Protein complexes

Abstract We present a novel derivation of the equations that are used to describe the spin-lattice (longitudinal) magnetic relaxation of nuclear spin moments caused by magnetic dipolar interactions with neighboring paramagnetic ions, the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan equations. The derivation, which depends on a physical view of the relaxation processes opposite to that usually considered, has the advantage that it can be readily generalized to include effects due both to ligand-field splitting of the levels of the ions, and to delocalization of the ion spin moment. Application of the generalized equations to some controversial and ambiguous results obtained from the magnetic-field dependence of the relaxation rate of solvent protons in solutions of several Mn 2+ -protein complexes re-enforces earlier arguments that the apparent strength of the dipolar interaction is a factor of 5 larger than expected in at least one, and possibly all three, cases investigated by us. The results, possibly due to delocalization of the magnetic moment of the Mn 2+ ions, show that, for at least three proteins, it is not possible to use solvent proton relaxation measurements alone to determine the number of exchanging water molecule ligands of complexed Mn 2+ ions.