cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing dynamic capabilities in electronic marketplaces: A cross-case study

Business-to-business (B2B) electronic marketplaces (EMPs) have increased the efficiency and economy of business purchasing by bringing together a critical mass of organizations that buy and sell goods and services. While many studies have investigated mature EMPs and identified factors leading to their success and failure, few studies have investigated the capabilities necessary to develop successful EMPs. This research shares findings from in-depth case studies of two EMPs conducted over a 3-year period. Using the dynamic capabilities framework as a theoretical lens, this paper: (1) identifies the capabilities necessary to develop EMPs that generate and sustain participant contributions, and (2) discusses how to develop these capabilities. This study finds that the cultivation of a ''trial-and-error'' culture along with sales managers' activities played key roles in developing outside-in and spanning capabilities. Taken together these capabilities helped the successful EMP develop entrepreneurial alertness and customer agility, two capabilities that were not developed in the failed EMP. These findings extend dynamic capabilities theory and may help practitioners better develop two-sided networks, such as EMPs, that require a critical mass of buyers and sellers.
Stem and whole-word frequency effects in the processing of inflected verbs in and out of a sentence context

The relationship between stem and whole-word frequency was investigated by simultaneously manipulating both frequency measures in a set of inflected verbs. In Experiment 1, these verbs were presented in isolation as part of a lexical decision task, and an effect of stem frequency only was observed. In Experiment 2, the same verbs were presented in sentences in a self-paced reading task, and an interaction between stem and whole-word frequency was observed. These findings contradict “either–or” models of morphological processing that assume two separate and independent processing routes for morphologically complex words, and also provide further evidence that the relationship between stem and whole-word frequency effects is context-sensitive.
Balkanization of America: Lessons from the Interstate Trade Barrier Experience

Interstate trade barriers—laws, regulations, and administrative practices that hamper the flow of goods and services from state to state—have been persistent elements of the U. S. economy. This article pursues some implications of the U.S. experience for the European Community and for macromarketing and managerial practice, theory, and policy.
Metabolize methionine and lysine requirements of growing cattle.

Two growth studies were conducted to determine the Met and Lys requirements of growing cattle. In each 84-d trial, steer calves were fed individually diets containing 44% sorghum silage, 44% corn cobs, and 12% supplement (DM basis) at an equal percentage of BW. In Trial 1, 95 crossbred steers (251 kg) were supplemented with urea or meat and bone meal (MBM). Incremental amounts of rumen-protected Met were added to MBM to provide 0, .45, .9, 1.35, 3, and 6 g/d metabolizable Met. In Trial 2, 60 steers (210 kg) were supplemented with urea or corn gluten meal (CGM). Incremental amounts of rumen-protected Lys were added to CGM to provide 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 g/d metabolizable Lys. Supplementation with MBM and CGM increased the supply of metabolizable protein to the animal. Steers fed MBM plus 0 Met gained 49 g/d more than steers fed urea, whereas steers fed CGM plus 0 Lys gained 150 g/d more than steers fed urea. Supplementation of rumen-protected Met and Lys improved ADG in steers fed MBM and CGM, respectively (P < .10). Nonlinear analysis, comparing gain vs supplemental Met and Lys intake, predicted supplemental Met and Lys requirements of 2.9 and .9 g/d, respectively. This amount of additional Met promoted .13 kg/ d gain greater than MBM alone, and this amount of additional Lys promoted .10 kg/d gain greater than the CGM alone. Metabolizable Met and Lys requirements were predicted from Level 1 of NRC (1996) calculated metabolizable protein supply, amino acid analysis of abomasal contents, and the maximum response to supplemental AA. Steers gaining .39 kg/d required 11.6 g/ d Met or 3. 1% of the metabolizable protein requirement, whereas steers gaining .56 kg/d required 22.5 g/d Lys or 5.7% of the metabolizable protein requirement.
Variation in the parental care systems of mammals and the impact on zoo breeding programs

The identity of mammalian caregivers, the types of care each may provide to young, and the developmental, ecological, and social factors that influence the amount and distribution of care are discussed. Care is distinguished from use and abuse in terms of the impact on the survival of young. Some effects of the failure to allow for adequate maternal care are described, and various management strategies to promote adequate and appropriate care behaviors are identified. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1173 COMPARISON OF CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN INFANTS WITH HMD

Measurements of arterial blood gases,heart rate,respiratory rate,blood pressure,and transcutaneous O2 were made during chest physiotherapy administered to 24 infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD). These infants weighed between 650 and 3345 gm at birth. Three infants were maintained in oxyhoods; 5 received nasal CPAP; the remainder had endotracheal tubes when studied. Comparisons were made between postural drainage with tilt and vibration (A);vibration without tilt(B); tilt and percussion (C); and percussion without tilt(D). Therapy included physical therapy for 3-5 minutes followed by 5-10 breaths of 100% O2 and airway suction. These techniques resulted in a statistically significant increase in heart rate,respiratory rate and systolic pressure in all groups. Values for transcutaneeous O2 were above control levels following treatment but were not significantly different. With the exception of higher systolic pressure for infants treated in the head-down position, no statistically significant differences were observed between the four modes of treatment used. Apnea and bradycardia were not encountered with the technique described. Careful monitoring during physiotherapy is associated with adequate cardiovascular function, and no significant differences could be demonstrated between 4 commonly used modes of physiotherapy in terms of their effects on oxygen levels in infants with HMD.
Varying loads of the mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation in different tissues: Implications for diagnosis

Testing for common mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), including the A3243G MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes) mutation, is routinely done in DNA isolated from blood. Since the blood level of the A3243G mutation may be low in probands and even lower in asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic maternal relatives, we assessed the proportion of A3243G mutant genomes in other accessible tissues. We studied five tissues (leukocytes, skin fibroblasts, hair roots, urinary sediment, and cheek mucosa) in 61 individuals from 22 families harboring the A3243G mutation. Although mutational loads varied widely among these tissues, as a rule DNA from urinary sediment had the highest and blood the lowest proportion of mutant genomes; individual hair roots differed markedly from one another; fibroblasts and cheek mucosa tended to have higher mutation loads than blood but lower than urinary sediment. In all individuals in whom the mutation was detectable in blood, it was also detected in other tissues. Conversely, in some individuals the mutation was undetectable in blood but clearly present in other tissues. We conclude that urinary sediment and cheek mucosa are tissues of choice for the diagnosis of mtDNA mutations, as they are easy to obtain and the mutation load is almost always greater than in blood.
Extent of private information disclosure on online social networks: An exploration of Facebook mobile phone users

The present study adopts the Communication Privacy Management theory and investigates the factors that influence the extent of private information disclosure of Facebook mobile phone users. Using a sample size of 488 adult mobile phone users, the study further investigates the differential impact of age on the extent of private information disclosure. Results from the logistic regressions run reveal that use of smartphones to access social networking sites, use of multiple social networks, and being female decrease the likelihood of private information disclosure. In addition, usability problems increase the likelihood of information disclosure by older adults. The analyses show no association between perceived benefit and private information disclosure.
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) science rationale.

SOFIA, a proposed 3-meter class telescope in a Boeing 747 aircraft, would have the ability to make astronomical observations over a wavelength range from 0.3 microns to 1.6mm. Relative to the KAO (Kuiper Airborne Observatory) the larger telescope on SOFIA would provide a factor of 10 improvement in sensitivity for compact sources and a factor of 3 improvement in (diffraction-limited) angular resolution at wavelengths beyond 30 microns. In addition, SOFIA will retain the major features of the KAO which have made the airborne astronomy program so successful. Among these are continuous in-flight access to focal plane instruments while flying at or above 41,000 ft altitude; pointing stability of 0.2 arcseconds; and mobility and scheduling flexibility to accommodate targets of opportunity such as comets, eclipses, occultations, and novae.
Neurotensin and pain modulation

Neurotensin (NT) can produce a profound analgesia or enhance pain responses, depending on the circumstances. Recent evidence suggests that this may be due to a dose-dependent recruitment of distinct populations of pain modulatory neurons. NT knockout mice display defects in both basal nociceptive responses and stress-induced analgesia. Stress-induced antinociception is absent in these mice and instead stress induces a hyperalgesic response, suggesting that NT plays a key role in the stress-induced suppression of pain. Cold water swim stress results in increased NT mRNA expression in hypothalamic regions known to project to periaqueductal gray, a key region involved in pain modulation. Thus, stress-induced increases in NT signaling in pain modulatory regions may be responsible for the transition from pain facilitation to analgesia. This review focuses on recent advances that have provided insights into the role of NT in pain modulation.
Spatial synchrony propagates through a forest food web via consumer-resource interactions

In many study systems, populations fluctuate synchronously across large regions. Several mechanisms have been advanced to explain this, but their importance in nature is often uncertain. Theoretical studies suggest that spatial synchrony initiated in one species through Moran effects may propagate among trophically linked species, but evidence for this in nature is lacking. By applying the nonparametric spatial correlation function to time series data, we discover that densities of the gypsy moth, the moth's chief predator (the white- footed mouse), and the mouse's winter food source (red oak acorns) fluctuate synchronously over similar distances (;1000 km) and with similar levels of synchrony. In addition, we investigate the importance of consumer-resource interactions in propagating synchrony among species using an empirically informed simulation model of interactions between acorns, the white-footed mouse, the gypsy moth, and a viral pathogen of the gypsy moth. Our results reveal that regional stochasticity acting directly on populations of the mouse, moth, or pathogen likely has little effect on levels of the synchrony displayed by these species. In contrast, synchrony in mast seeding can propagate across trophic levels, thus explaining observed levels of synchrony in both white-footed mouse and gypsy moth populations. This work suggests that the transfer of synchrony among trophically linked species may be a major factor causing interspecific synchrony.
Legislative Defaults: Interbranch Power Sharing and Abortion Politics

A generation of scholars has evaluated landmark Supreme Court rulings like Roe v. Wade with the assumption that counter-majoritarian judges are able to impose their will on elected legislators. Much recent scholarship on the courts has shown, however, that the assumptions about institutional power that underlie the counter-majoritarian model of judicial review are wrong. Judicial capacities to strike down laws are not fixed by constitutional design, but are largely the result of choices made by elected officials. As a result, scholars need to make careful empirical investigations into choices by elected officials that empower judges before declaring that a judicial decision thwarts the will of those elected officials. This article argues that in addition to looking at instances where legislators take overt steps to empower courts, scholars also have to consider whether legislators have defaulted to the courts. Examining the case of abortion after Roe v. Wade, we argue that there is little basis for the belief that the court's decision was necessarily “final.” A constitutional barrier to bans on pre-viability abortions has developed largely because majorities among elected officials in the federal government and most states have supported (or declined opportunities to challenge) that policy. Rather than being an illustration of judicial supremacy, Roe v. Wade represents a “legislative default,” that is, a case where a majority of legislators either favor the policy instituted by the courts or prefer to allow the courts to assume responsibility for resolving a divisive policy question.
Stochastic Averaging and Optimal Prediction

This work is concerned with the similarity between the two important reduction schemes: optimal prediction and stochastic averaging. To this end, we consider a randomly perturbed Hamiltonian system and derive a generalized Langevin equation from a Kolmogorov backward equation. We then show the similarity by adopting conditional expectation as our projection operator in the generalized Langevin equation. The characteristics of the conditional expectation play a central role in our study.
Induction of respiratory control in submitochondrial particles by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.

Beechey et al. (1966) have reported that DCCD* acts as an -inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation in a fashion similar to that of oliqomycin and aurovertin. These workers (Holloway et al* # 1966: Roberton et al., 1966) have also reported that DCCD binds irreversibly to the F, fraction isolated by Kaqawa and Racker (1966). Racker and Horstman (1967) have shown recently that DCCD, at low concentration, may increase the rate of phosphorylation in submitochondrial particles. This communication reports some of our observations on respiratory control induced by DCCD in ETPH(Mq++,Mn++), as well as the effects of this inhibitor on ATPase and electron transfer components. Methods. Subanitochondrial particles from beef heart mitochondria were prepared according to Beyer (1967). Respiration was measured with the Clark electrode at 25O in an enclosed glass
A Decomposition Method for Solving the Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Equation

In this paper, Adomian's decomposition scheme is presented as an alternate method for solving the nonlinear Klein?Gordon equation. The method is demonstrated by several examples. Comparing the scheme with existing collocation, finite difference and finite element techniques shows that the present approach is highly accurate and converges rapidly.
Evaluation of monoamine oxidase B inhibition by fluoxetine (Prozac) : An in vitro and in vivo study

Abstract Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B was investigated both in vitro and in vivo in rats by using the radioligand, N-(6-[ 18 F ]fluorohexyl)-N-methylpropargylamine ([ 18 F ]FHMP). Binding affinities of five compounds, deprenyl, clorgyline, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and citalopram were studied. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine showed affinities of 17 and 13 μM for monoamine oxidase B, respectively. Acute doses of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine (20 mg/kg) also significantly inhibited (10 to 15%) the binding of the radioligand in vivo while citalopram showed lower affinity (140 μM) for monoamine oxidase B and little effect in vivo. The in vivo effects of the various drugs were directly comparable to their in vitro affinities for binding to monoamine oxidase B in the correlation plot of percent control in vivo binding of [ 18 F ]FHMP and binding affinity, −log IC50 (R2=0.989). These results provide evidence for a potential role of monoamine oxidase B inhibition in the therapeutic effects of Prozac.
The production of surface carbon depletions among globular cluster giants by interior mixing

Published measurements of the carbon abundances of giants in several metal-poor globular clusters have indicated that [C/H] decreases progressively from the base to the tip of the giant branch by a total of 1.0 dex or more. Standard stellar models indicate that throughout much of giant branch evolution the convective envelope of a cluster star is not expected to be in contact with regions near the nuclear-burning shell wherein the C→N process of hydrogen burning is taking place. The observations indicate, therefore, that transport of material must take place between the base of the convective envelope and the hydrogen-burning shell througthout much of the giant branch phase of evolution
Ageing: Stem cells on a stress-busting diet

Knowing how an organism's tissues handle stress throughout life is key to understanding ageing and disease. Stems cells of the blood system seem to tackle metabolic stress by means of a process called autophagy. See Article p.323 This study in mice shows that the self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that give rise to mature blood cells throughout life are protected from metabolic stress by an autophagy-mediated survival response triggered by the expression of the transcription factor FOXO3A. Thus at the same time as helping to maintain blood homeostasis by protecting adult HSCs, autophagy may indirectly contribute to the ageing of the blood system by allowing the survival of damaged, dysfunctional or transformed old HSCs, which are key actors in the development of age-related blood disorders.
Male Same-Sex Desire in the Romances of de Troyes

In his article "Male Same-Sex Desire in the Romances of de Troyes" Basil A. Clark extends Rene Girard's theory of mimetic desire to explore a homocentric subtext in Chretien de Troyes's Erec and Enide, Lancelot or The Knight of the Cart, The Knight with the Lion or Yvain, and The Story of the Grail or Perceval. While male same-sex desire in these narratives is consistently latent, an argument for its presence is made through Girard's hermeneutic, which postulates that someone (the subject) desires someone or something (the object) not only for its own sake but because someone else (the mediator) desires it also, and this third party's desires can expand to include desire for this person himself. In the case of both a male subject and a male mediator, this desire is axiomatically homocentric as in the case of a courtly knight's love suit of a lady: the knight's desire for the lady is intensified by that of the other male and is read as a liminal desire for the other male himself. Basil A. Clark, "Male Same-Sex Desire in the Romances of de Troyes" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 15.4 (2013):
Infant information-processing performance and maternal education

Relations between maternal education and indices of infant information-processing performance were examined. A sample of 93 3-month olds whose mothers' completed education level was adequately distributed were seen in an infant control habituation procedure. Eighteen infants failed to complete the procedure, and 76 reached a conventional habituation criterion. No significant differences in habituation performance by maternal education level emerged. This finding suggests that information-processing indices obtained in the first 6 months are useful as predictive measures of mental development that are uncorrelated with important markers of infants' environmental rearing conditions.
Structure And Related Properties Of Thin Film Optical Coatings

In this review paper, we provide a survey of nucleation and growth models for thin films. Centered on a simplistic computer simulation of random ballistic agglomeration of molecules represented as two dimensional hard-disks, which is valid for the limit case of very low surface mobility or of no surface mobility at all, we explain various properties of thin film optical coatings, notably their sometimes unstable behaviour.
Improving the Recruitment and Retention of Native American Students in Psychology

This article establishes the need for more Native American psychologists and describes practical methods for universities to use to recruit, retain, and graduate more Native American students. Reasons for the underrepresentation of such students in psychology training programs include differences in worldview, demographic and geographic factors, and the lack of adequate marketing to members of this population. Recruitment and retention efforts can be improved in many ways, including increasing financial aid, using advertising, personal faculty outreach, and establishing Native American resource centers on campus. Such efforts address the need to increase the number of Native American psychologists in the future.
A vapor transport study of nickel-copper-carbon solid solutions

Ni-Cu-C solid solutions, measuring temperature dependence of graphite solubility by vapor transport method
Science literacy and academic identity formulation

The purpose of this article is to report findings from an ethnographic study that focused on the co-development of science literacy and academic identity formulation within a third-grade classroom. Our theoretical framework draws from sociocultural theory and studies of scientific literacy. Through analysis of classroom discourse, we identified opportunities afforded students to learn specific scientific knowledge and practices during a series of science investigations. The results of this study suggest that the collective practice of the scientific conversations and activities that took place within this classroom enabled students to engage in the construction of communal science knowledge through multiple textual forms. By examining the ways in which students contributed to the construction of scientific understanding, and then by examining their performances within and across events, we present evidence of the co-development of students' academic identities and scientific literacy. Students' communication and participation in science during the investigations enabled them to learn the structure of the discipline by identifying and engaging in scientific activities. The intersection of academic identities with the development of scientific literacy provides a basis for considering specific ways to achieve scientific literacy for all students. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 1111–1144, 2004
Envisioning the Bioconversion of Methane to Liquid Fuels

Efforts to use natural gas in transportation, either directly or by conversion to a liquid fuel, have been spurred by recent increases in available supply and a growing price spread between natural gas and petroleum, especially in the United States ( 1 ). Conversion of natural gas-to-liquids (GTL) can take advantage of existing engine and delivery infrastructure, but GTL approaches operate on scales similar to that of petroleum refineries and suffer from low energy and carbon efficiencies, as well as high capital cost ( 2 ). Small-scale methane sources that are often flared or vented and that add greenhouse gas emissions also need an economical route for recovery. Biological methane conversion has the potential to directly activate methane at ambient temperatures and pressures on a scale similar to that of sugar fermentation ( 3 ) and could circumvent partial oxidation routes used industrially that dominate costs and reduce efficiency. Further process simplification is possible by one-step conversion, producing a single-molecule product and reducing the need for heat integration.
Corrective focus at the right edge in Spanish

Abstract The aim of this research is to further our knowledge of the syntax of postverbal subjects and focalization in Romance. Particular attention is paid to corrective focus at the right edge of the sentence in subject control structures without restructuring in Spanish. It is shown that the features of this syntactic context provide a testing ground for competing theories on the syntax of postverbal subjects. Evidence is provided for the view that (i) an overt subject at the right edge in this syntactic context is the subject of the main clause, not the infinitival clause; (ii) to explain the properties of the data a two-step process is needed, where movement of the subject out of the finite TP is followed by remnant movement of that TP past the landing position of the subject ( Ordonez, 2000 , a.o.). The result is relevant for our understanding of the mapping between syntax and semantics and the licensing of overt subjects by infinitivals. Furthermore, evidence is provided for the availability of remnant TP movement in the grammar.
Accelerated circumferential strain quantification of the left ventricle using CIRCOME: simulation and factor analysis

ABSTRACT Circumferential strain of the left ventricle reflects m yocardial contractility and is considered a key index of cardiac function. It is also an important parameter in the quantitative evaluation of heart failure. Circumferential compression encoding, CIRCOME, is a nove l method in cardiac MRI to evaluate this strain non-invasively and quickly. This strain encoding technique avoids the explicit measurement of the displacement field and does not require calculation of strain through spatial differentiation. CIRCOME bypasses these two time-consuming and noise sensitive steps by directly using the frequency domain (k-space) information from radially tagged myocardium, befo re and after deformation. It uses the ring-shaped crown region of the k-space, generated by the taglines, to reconstruct circumferentially compression-weighted images of the heart before and after deformation. CIRCOME then calculates the circumferential strain through relative changes in the compression level of corresponding regions before and after deformation. This technique can be implemented in 3D as well as 2D a nd may be employed to estimate the overall global or regional circumferential strain. The main parameters that affect the accuracy of this method are spatial resolution, signal to noise ratio, eccentricity of the center of radial taglines their fading and their density. Also, a variety of possible image reconstructi on and filtering options may influence the accuracy of the method. This study describes the pulse sequence, al gorithm, influencing factors and limiting criteria for CIRCOME and provides the simulated results. Keywords: cardiovascular biomechanics, tissue deformation, strain imaging, MRI. 1. INTRODUCTION Left ventricle circumferential strain (LVCS) is an im portant parameter in the quantitative evaluation of heart failure. LVCS describes the regional and global myocardial contractility. Calculation of strains is performed through the spatial differentiation of the myocardial displacement field which is a highly noise sensitive procedure [1,2]. Measuring the displacement field also needs time consuming imaging and post-processing methods. Therefore methods like SENC (Strain ENCoding) MRI that measure the strain directly make the entire process faster and more robust [3]. We previously proposed the pulse sequence and algorithm of a novel method, CIRCOME, that measures the circumferential strain [4]. The purpose of this study is to simulate this technique that encodes the circumferential strain simultaneously in several short axis (SA) planes by using the k-space information in radially tagged MR images. We further evaluate effects of different limiting factors on the accuracy of the process.
Formation and electrochemical characterization of anodic ZrO2–WO3 mixed oxide nanotubular arrays

Abstract ZrO2–WO3 mixed oxide nanotubes were synthesized by a simple electrochemical anodization route. The oxide nanotubes contained a mixture of metastable hexagonal WO3 and monoclinic (and orthorhombic) ZrO2 phases, as well as a mixed-oxide ZrW2O8 phase that showed a metastable tetragonal symmetry. Evaluation of photo-activity of the materials showed generation of photo-potentials of −85 mV and −230 mV in the as-anodized and annealed conditions. Because of the mismatch in the band edge positions of the WO3 and ZrO2 phases and the resultant relaxation of photo-generated charge carriers, no significant photo-current density could be observed. The arrays of oxide nanotubes are considered for electrochemical capacitor application because of their morphology-assisted fast charge/discharge kinetics and large surface area. Presence of a large concentration of charge defects (on the order of 1021 cm−3) and the reported high proton conductivity of the ZrO2–WO3 mixed oxide rendered high capacitance, which decreased with an increase in the scan rate of cyclic voltammetry. The highest measured capacitance was 40.03 mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 10 mV/s and the lowest was 1.93 mF/cm2 at 1 V/s in 1 M sulfuric acid solution.
Binding of serum immunoglobulins to collagens in IgA nephropathy and HIV infection

Binding of serum immunoglobulins to collagens in IgA nephropathy and HIV infection. The mechanism of the binding of IgA to the mesangium in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is unknown. Interactions between IgA and components of the mesangial matrix may contribute. We measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay the binding of serum IgA, IgG, and IgM from patients with IgAN, human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV) infection, and healthy controls to purified native collagen types I to VI, and to an extract of normal kidney tissue. HIV infection is an appropriate disease control because of the lack of mesangial IgA deposits, despite high serum levels of IgA and IgA1-containing immune complexes. Increased levels of IgA-binding to collagen types I and V and the kidney extract were found only in IgAN. Both IgAN and HIV-infected patients had increased IgA-binding to collagen types II, III, and VI. Preabsorption of the sera with gelatin substantially reduced the IgA-binding to collagen types I to IV, but not to types V and VI. This finding suggests that the binding to collagen type V is not fibronectin-mediated, but may reflect autoantibody formation. Thus, fibronectin-mediated IgA-collagen interactions are not specific for IgAN, and their pathogenetic role is questionable. The role of IgA anti-collagen type V antibodies requires further study.
An Asynchronous Neighbor Discovery Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is a promising emerging technology that enables a more efficient usage of already assigned spectrum. However, before CR networks can be deployed, new algorithms and protocols need to be developed. When forming an ad-hoc cognitive radio network (CRN), one of the fundamental tasks is to determine the neighbors of each node and channels that can be used to communicate among neighbors. The nature of the CRN makes this a challenging problem. Specifically in CRN, not only the network is multi-channel, but the channels available at different nodes may be different. Furthermore no time synchronization may be available to nodes. In this paper, we propose an asynchronous distributed algorithm that allows nodes to discover their neighbors and channels that can be used to communicate with them in a single-hop CRN.
Block‐vertex duality and the one‐median problem

The w-centroid problem, denoted by (C), is an optimization problem which has been shown by Kariv and Hakimi to be equivalent, on a tree graph, to the 1-median location problem, denoted by (M). For a general (weighted) connected graph G we develop a duality between (C) (which is defined on G) and a block optimization problem, denoted by (B), and defined over the blocks of G. A block is a maximal nonseparable subgraph. We analyze (B) and (C) by means of two problems equivalent to (B) and (C) respectively, but defined on a blocking graph G which is always a tree. We give an O(∣V∣) algorithm to solve the two problems on G, and we characterize the solutions. We also show that the solution to a 1-median problem defined on G either solves (M) on the original graph G or localizes the search for a solution to (M) to the vertices of a single block. We introduce an extended version of Goldman's algorithm which (in linear time) either solves (M) on G, or finds the single block of G which contains all solutions to (M).
Issues in Long-term Opioid Therapy: Unmet Needs, Risks, and Solutions

Both chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are prevalent and exact a high toll on patients, physicians, and society. Health care professionals must balance aggressive treatment of chronic pain with the need to minimize the risks of opioid abuse, misuse, and diversion. A thorough, ongoing assessment can help fashion a multimodal therapeutic plan, stratify patients by risk, and identify those who may exhibit aberrant behaviors after receiving opioid therapy. Appropriate safeguards (eg, urine drug screens, pill counts) may be used when necessary. Because not all aberrant behaviors have the same origins or implications, physicians must consider a differential diagnosis and tailor therapy accordingly. Opioid formulations designed to deter and resist abuse are currently in late-stage clinical development and address some but not all aspects of inappropriate opioid use. By incorporating physical and pharmacological barriers to obtaining the euphoric effects of opioids, these novel formulations may minimize problematic opioid use. The formulations use a variety of strategies, for example, combining opioids with naltrexone or niacin or incorporating the opioid in a high-viscosity matrix designed to resist physical and chemical extraction. Nonopioid medications as well as cognitive, behavioral, and interventional techniques should be considered for all patients with chronic pain, particularly for those who are unable to safely take their opioids in a structured fashion. The aim of this article was to help physicians prescribe opioid medications safely and successfully to patients who need them. A PubMed literature search was conducted using the keywords risk management, assessment, aberrant behavior, addiction, prescription abuse, and abuse-deterrent.
A Numerical Study of Combined Heat and Mass Transfer in an Inclined Channel Using the VOF Multiphase Model

A numerical study has been performed to determine heat and mass transfer from the surface of liquid ethanol flowing in an inclined channel. The Volume-of-fluid (VOF) multiphase model was used to track the liquid and gas phases. An algorithm has been implemented to determine interfacial heat and mass transfer characteristics. A parametric study was done to determine the effect of gas-phase inlet velocity, temperature, and vapor mass fraction.
Chaotic and Periodic Behavior of Finite-Amplitude Baroclinic Waves

Abstract Numerical integrations of the amplitude equations governing the dynamics of a weakly unstable finite-amplitude baroclinic wave have revealed a new and unexpectedly complex dependence on the degree of dissipation. We have found for very small dissipation the simple limit cycle behavior noted earlier by Pedlosky (1971) and Smith and Reilly (1977). For slightly higher values of the dissipation further solution bifurcations reveal an ever-increasing family of periodic solutions whose periods are even multiples of the fundamental. The critical value of the dissipation parameter γ for which the nth cycle emerges, appears to satisfy the Feigenbaum (1978) relation (γn−γn−1)/(γn+1−γn)=4.669201. Above a limit point γ∞ the solutions are aperiodic and chaotic. However, at isolated “islands” within this chaotic regime we have again found periodic solutions. Although their phase plane trajectories differ from those found below γ∞, their periods are always multiples of half the fundamental. For higher γ, equili...
Crystal structure of an inhibitor and a model for inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis

Abstract 6-( p -Hydroxyphenylhydrazino)-uracil is an antimicrobial agent that selectively blocks replicative DNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis by inhibiting DNA polymerase III. The drug crystallizes as a monoclinic monohydrate, space group C2 c , with a = 23.920(6) A , b = 5.587(3) A , c = 17.466(5) A , β = 101.45(8) ° , and eight hydrated molecules per cell. Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data were collected. The structure was solved by Patterson methods and refined to an R value of 6.8% for the 1651 data. The geometry of the uracil ring is unusual. The bond distances suggest that a resonance form involving a positively charged hydrazino nitrogen and a negatively charged carbonyl oxygen, O(4), makes a large contribution to the valence bond structure of this compound. The exocyclic C(6)N bond is short (1.335 A), the C(6)C(5) bond distance is 1.371 A, which is longer than in uracil, and the C(5)C(4) distance (1.396 A) is short. The uracil ring, the linked hydrazino nitrogen, and the hydrogen on this nitrogen are in the same plane. Each uracil group is hydrogen bonded to a nearly coplanar uracil across a center of symmetry. The water molecule is also near the plane of these paired bases and forms a hydrogen bond with the uracil-linked hydrazino NH group. This paired base arrangement and the restricted rotation about the exocyclic C(6)N link that constrains the hydrazino NH group to lie near the uracil plane suggest a model for the interaction of the drug with template-primer DNA. The drug acts when cytosine is the base to be copied in the template strand, and the drug is competitive with dGTP. Both cytosine and guanine can be accommodated with little distortion of the crystal structure geometry in a manner compatible with the known geometry of DNA. The structural and biochemical aspects of the model for drug action are discussed.
Subphrenic abscess with bronchial fistula report of a case

Abstract Rupture into a bronchus is a rare but serious complication of subphrenic abscess. The possibility of this occurrence should be a factor in determining the optimum time of drainage of a subphrenic abscess. A case of subphrenic abscess with bronchial fistula is reported.
Macrophages and atherosclerotic plaque stability

Physical disruption of atheroma frequently causes coronary thrombosis. Ruptured plaques usually have thin fibrous caps overlying a large thrombogenic lipid core rich in lipid-laden macrophages. The biology of plaque monocyte-derived macrophages thus assumes critical importance in understanding plaque instability. Monocyte recruitment involves binding to leukocyte adhesion receptors on the endothelial surface such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Once adherent to the endothelial surface, monocytes enter the intima at sites of lesion predilection. This process probably requires directed migration of the mononuclear cells. A number of chemoattractant molecules, such as the monocyte chemoattractant molecule-1, may participate in signaling this entry of adherent monocytes into the artery wall. Once resident in the arterial intima, monocytes accumulate lipid, via increasingly well characterized receptor-mediated uptake, and transform into macrophage foam cells. These lesional macrophages also acquire other functional properties including production of the potent procoagulant, tissue factor, apolipoprotein E, and an increasing list of cytokines (protein mediators of information and immunity) that may participate importantly in autocrine and paracrine signaling among leukocytes and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Fatty streaks seldom cause clinical events but may evolve into complicated atheromatous plaques characterized by an accumulation of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix and formation of a central core containing extracellular lipid. Death of macrophages, including programmed cell death or apoptosis, probably promotes formation of this thrombogenic lipid pool whose size correlates with plaque instability. Lesion complication often culminates in rupture of the fibrous cap overlying this lipid core. The integrity of the fibrous cap, and thus its resistance to rupture, depends critically on the collagenous extracellular matrix of the plaque's fibrous cap. This aspect of plaque structure in turn depends upon the balance between synthesis and degradation of the macromolecules that comprise the extracellular matrix of the cap, principally interstitial forms of collagen derived from arterial smooth muscle cells. Collagen breakdown, however, appears to depend critically on macrophages. Plaque macrophages express a variety of matrix-degrading enzymes that can contribute to the weakening of the fibrous cap. In this way, macrophages can critically influence aspects of the biology of human atheroma related to lesion stability. We hypothesize that lipid-lowering reduces clinical events, as shown in recent trials, by stabilizing lesions in part by reversing some of the maladaptive functions of macrophages described above.
Large electrical volume coaxial transmission line for microwave chemical sensing

In this paper we demonstrate a method of practically designing a large electrical volume coaxial structure for room-temperature chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave (RT-CP-FTMW) chemical sensing. Both the center and outer conductor are tapered to optimize the volume of molecular analysis while minimizing coupling to higher-order modes in the electrically large coax because they limit the turn on time of the molecular detection receiver, which in turn results in lower measured signal strength. Furthermore, successful spectrum measurement, improvement in spectrum signal-to-noise ratio, and especially the capability of resolving a spectrum with less averages, and therefore significantly less measurement time, demonstrate the utility of the large electrical volume test device in microwave chemical sensing.
Comparing ROC curves derived from regression models

In constructing predictive models, investigators frequently assess the incremental value of a predictive marker by comparing the ROC curve generated from the predictive model including the new marker with the ROC curve from the model excluding the new marker. Many commentators have noticed empirically that a test of the two ROC areas often produces a non-significant result when a corresponding Wald test from the underlying regression model is significant. A recent article showed using simulations that the widely used ROC area test produces exceptionally conservative test size and extremely low power. In this article, we demonstrate that both the test statistic and its estimated variance are seriously biased when predictions from nested regression models are used as data inputs for the test, and we examine in detail the reasons for these problems. Although it is possible to create a test reference distribution by resampling that removes these biases, Wald or likelihood ratio tests remain the preferred approach for testing the incremental contribution of a new marker.
Effect of insecticide regimens on biological control of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, by Peristenus spp. in New York State apple orchards.

To improve biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), the European parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced into the US in the 1980's and has become established in forage alfalfa, strawberries and apples. The objective of this study was to determine how four different insecticide management regimes affected parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. During the summers of 2005 and 2006, L. lineolaris nymphs were collected from New York State apple orchards using industry standard, reduced risk, and organically approved insecticides only. A ‘no insecticide’ (abandoned orchard) treatment was also included in 2006. Rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris nymphs were determined using a DNA-based laboratory technique. Results indicated that insecticide treatment had a significant effect on rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. Compared to the industry standard treatment, rates of parasitism were higher in reduced risk orchards and lower in organic orchards. These results suggest that it is difficult to predict a priori the consequences of insecticide programs and point to the need to take into consideration the specific pests and beneficial organisms involved as well as the crop and the specific insecticides being applied.
Low-Density Permutation Codes for Optical and Digital Holographic Data Storage

We present new class of modulation codes based on permutation coding which satisfy channel coding constraint suitable for holographic and optical data storage, and simultaneously have strong error correction capability and high code rate efficiency.
An inertial navigation system for small autonomous underwater vehicles

A small AUV navigation system (SANS) has been developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The SANS is an integrated GPS/INS navigation system composed of low-cost, small-size components. It is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a low-cost inertial measurement unit to navigate between intermittent GPS fixes. This paper reports recent improvements to the SANS hardware, latest testing results after compensating heading-dependent derivations in the TCM-2 compass measurements, and development of an asynchronous Kalman filter for improved position estimation.
Turbulent boundary layer on a rotating helical blade

Investigation of the boundary-layer characteristics on a helical blade of large chord length, enclosed in an annulus and rotating in a fluid otherwise at rest. The three-dimensional form of momentum integral equations is derived, and is used to predict the boundary-layer growth and limiting streamline angles on the blade surface. The measurements are in general agreement with the predictions. The wall shear stress correlation, which includes both Reynolds number and rotation parameters, valid for a rotating blade operating at zero pressure gradient, is derived. Radial and tangential velocity profiles, the tangential component of turbulence intensity, and blade static pressures are measured at several locations on the blade surface. The nature of flow near the blade tip is discussed. An expression for the radial velocity profile, valid in the outer region of the boundary layer, is derived theoretically.