cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic studies of 117 untreated patients subjected to laparotomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease

The pathologic findings in 117 untreated patients subjected to laparotomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease, at Stanford University Medical Center, were correlated with the preoperative clinical evaluation. The validity and applicability of the modified classification of Lukes, Butler, and Hicks were confirmed, and the consistency of the histologic pattern in multiple lesions was verified. Nodular sclerosis was the most frequent histologic type encountered and showed a predilection for the mediastinum (81%), with a high incidence of abdominal involvement (39%). The recognition of a cellular phase within the spectrum of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease by virtue of the presence of characteristic “lacunar cell” with minimal or absent sclerosis, appeared to be justified by the observation of typical sclerosis in other lesions from the same patient. Occult abdominal disease was most often located in the spleen and the splenic hilar lymph nodes. Focal and microscopic involvement of abdominal lymph nodes was frequently observed. with partial preservation of the nodal architecture. Preoperative evaluation of the spleen was inaccurate in one third of the cases. Liver function tests were unreliable indicators of hepatic disease, whereas interpretation of the lymphangiogram was generally accurate below the level of the second lumbar vertebra. Abdominal involvement was encountered only once in the absence of left cervical lymph node disease. The observation of isolated granulomas in 14% of cases was not considered evidence of Hodgkin's disease or Boeck's sarcoidosis.
Uterine Phosphorylase: In Vivo Activity is Inversely Related to in Vitro Inactivation*†

Sexually mature, intact, female rats were selected at various stages of the estrous cycle as determined by the vaginal smear method. Ovariectomized rats were treated with estrogen, orprogesterone or estrogen plus progesterone. Uterine tissues were frozen in situ then pulverized and mixed with powdered, frozen, extraction medium containing 0.1M NaF, 0.01M EDTA, and 60% glycerol, at liquid nitrogen temperature. These extracts were assayed for glycogen phosphorylase a and t activities. The rate of phosphorylase a inactivation in uterine homogenates was also determined as previously described (Rinard, G. A., Biochim Biophys Ada 222: 455, 1970). The results indicated aninverse relationship between in situuterine phosphorylase a activity and in vitro rate of phosphorylase a inactivation. Baseline, in situ, uterine phosphorylase a activity in estrogen-treated ratswas twice that in rats treated with progesterone, with estrogen-plus-progesterone, or controls. Likewise, the activity in proestrus rats was twice that...
On the Expected Size of Minimum-Energy Path-preserving Topologies for Wireless Multi-hop Networks

Topology Control (TC) algorithms for multi-hop wireless networks create a connected communication subgraph that satisfies some topological properties by assigning appropriate transmission power to each node. A topology is said to be minimum-energy path-preserving if it preserves minimum energy paths between every pair of nodes. Creating minimum-energy path-preserving sparse topologies is a fundamental research problem in TC that has been addressed in several recent research works. Although sparseness is a key metric in comparing the per- formance of such algorithms, none of these prior works provides analytical models to determine the sparseness. In this paper, we provide a generic analytical model for evaluating sparseness of such topologies. The derived analytical expressions are useful in determining topology size without running simulations or prior to the deployment of real systems. Moreover, we demonstrate how to analytically couple sparseness of topologies with the radio transceiver parameters. The analytical expressions are validated through extensive simulation experiments.
Prospective outcomes and associations of wrist ganglion cysts resected arthroscopically.

Purpose To prospectively evaluate objective and subjective outcomes of arthroscopic dorsal wrist ganglion cyst resection, and to identify and examine intra-articular pathologies associated with ganglion cysts. Methods We prospectively evaluated 55 patients with dorsal wrist ganglion cysts who underwent arthroscopic resection with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Ten had recurrent ganglion cysts previously treated with open resection. Grip strength, wrist motion, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire scores were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 2 years postoperatively. Intraoperative findings were reviewed. Results In primary ganglion cysts a discrete stalk was present in 4 of 45 cases and diffuse cystic material and redundant capsular thickening were present in 38 of 45 cases. Cystic material appeared to arise from the radiocarpal joint exclusively in 11 of 42 cases, extended into the midcarpal joint in 29 of 42 cases, and arose exclusively from the midcarpal joint in 2 of 42 cases. The scapholunate joint demonstrated instability types I (2 of 45 cases), II (22 of 45 cases), III (20 of 45 cases), and IV (1 of 45 cases). The lunatotriquetral joint demonstrated instability types II (6 of 45 cases) and III (39 of 45 cases). At 6 weeks, average grip strengths increased by 5.9 kg and wrist flexion decreased 13°. Preoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved from 14.2 to 1.7 at 6 weeks and remained stable at 2 years. At 2 years, all patients demonstrated motion to within 5° of preoperative measurements, and there were no recurrences. Conclusions Patients experienced significant increases in function and decreases in pain within 6 weeks after arthroscopic ganglion cyst resection, and the recurrence and complication rates appear to be comparable to open resections. Ganglion cysts also have a high association with certain interosseous laxities, and recurrent ganglion cysts originating from the midcarpal joint are not contraindications for arthroscopic resection. Assessment of the midcarpal joint is necessary for complete resection of most ganglion cysts, and identification of a discrete stalk is an uncommon finding and not necessary for successful resection. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Clustered K+ channel complexes in axons

Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels regulate diverse neuronal properties including action potential threshold, amplitude, and duration, frequency of firing, neurotransmitter release, and resting membrane potential. In axons, Kv channels are clustered at a variety of functionally important sites including axon initial segments, juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons, nodes of Ranvier, and cerebellar basket cell terminals. These channels are part of larger protein complexes that include cell adhesion molecules and scaffolding proteins. These interacting proteins play important roles in recruiting K+ channels to distinct axonal domains. Here, I review the composition, functions, and mechanism of localization of these K+ channel complexes in axons.
Digital Drug Delivery: On-Off Ultrasound Controlled Antibiotic Release from Coated Matrices with Negligible Background Leaching.

Hydrogels such as crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) have been used extensively in controlled release drug delivery systems. Our previous work demonstrated an ultrasound (US)-responsive system based on pHEMA coated with a self-assembled multilayer of C12–C18 methylene chains. The resulting coating was predominantly crystalline and relatively impermeable, forming an US-activated switch that controlled drug release on-demand, and kept the drug within the matrix in the absence of US. The device, as developed did, however, show a low background drug-leaching rate independent of US irradiation. For some applications, it is desirable to have very low or zero background release rates. This was achieved here by a combination of new processing steps, and by co-polymerizing HEMA with a relatively hydrophobic monomer, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). These advances produced systems with undetectable ciprofloxacin background release rates that are capable of US-facilitated drug release – up to 14-fold increases relative to controls both before and after US exposure. In addition, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that US-mediated disorganization of the coating allows a transient flux of water into the matrix where its interaction with bound and dissolved drug facilitates its movement both within and out of the matrix.
Busulfan systemic exposure relative to regimen-related toxicity and acute graft-versus-host disease: defining a therapeutic window for i.v. BuCy2 in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Abstract Complete bioavailability of i.v. busulfan (Bu) provides dose assurance by reducing the interdose and interpatient variability in Bu systemic exposure (Bu-SE) associated with the oral formulation. We hypothesized that Bu-SE, represented by the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), would correlate with treatment outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Therefore, we analyzed the risk of death, incidence of regimen-related toxicity, and incidence of acute GVHD (aGVHD) as functions of the per dose i.v. Bu AUC in 36 CML patients who received a HSCT from an HLA-matched family donor after the i.v. BuCy2 regimen. Per-dose Bu AUCs were calculated for each subject using data obtained for doses 1, 5, 9, and 13. Toxicity was evaluated using the modified National Cancer Institute criteria. Because no patient developed veno-occlusive disease, increased serum bilirubin was used to characterize hepatotoxicity. We found that the probabilities of developing gastrointestinal toxicity (P = .01), hepatotoxicity (P Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002;8(9):477-85.
Intergeneric Hybridization of Centrarchids

Abstract A study was undertaken to attempt all possible crosses among four species of centrarchids, representing four distinct genera, by artificial stripping and fertilization. The species used were Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede), the largemouth bass; Chaenobryttus gulosus (Cuvier), the warmouth; Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, the bluegill; and Pomoxis nigromaculatus (LeSueur), the black crappie. Hybridization success was used as an indication of the phylogenetic relationship of the parental species. Of the 12 possible hybrid crosses, fertilization of eggs was obtained in all crosses and hatching was obtained in all crosses except ♀ Pomoxis × ♂ Micropterus and ♀ Pomoxis × ♂ Chaenobryttus. Offspring survived to a size of 2.5 inches total length or larger in the following five crosses: ♀ Micropterus × ♂ Chaenobryttus, ♀ Chaenobryttus × ♂ Micropterus, ♀ Chaenobryttus × ♂ Lepomis, ♀ Pomoxis × ♂ Lepomis, and ♀ Micropterus × ♂ Lepomis. Only Chaenobryttus × Lepomis has previously been reported. Further studi...
Effects of cultural practices on nitrate in soil and nitrogen in grain sorghum

Abstract Crop residue management influences the soil physical, chemical, and biological environment. Our objective was to examine, in unfertilized rotation systems and a semi‐arid environment, the effects of cultural practices on soil nitrate, nitrogen (N) in plant tissue, and yield of rainfed grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Field experiments conducted on a wheat‐sorghum‐fallow (WSF) rotation system included conventional tillage plus furrow diking (FD), conventional tillage (CT), no‐tillage with wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue maintained on the plots (NT+), and no‐tillage with residue removed (NT‐). Wheat residues in FD and CT plots were incorporated during tillage operations. Treatments were imposed 2 weeks before seeding of sorghum. Soil water was measured at three growth stages of sorghum: emergence, flowering, and harvest. The FD and NT+ treatments resulted in increased storage of growing season precipitation, which subsequently produced higher sorghum grain yield. Diking resulted in ab...
Enhanced proangiogenic signaling in thrombospondin-1-deficient retinal endothelial cells

Abstract Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, which limits blood vessel density in normal tissues and curtails tumor growth. Previous studies of the molecular and cellular effects of TSP1 in angiogenesis have been contradictory. Here, we show that retinal endothelial cells (REC) prepared from TSP1-deficient (TSP1−/−) mice are more proliferative and migratory compared to the wild type REC. We observed up-regulation of the cell cycle regulators, including cyclin A, D1, and Cdk2, as well as the enhanced sequential activities of Src, PI3-kinase, Akt/PKB, Rac1/Cdc42 GTPases, and p38 MAP kinase in TSP1−/− REC. The increased levels of fibronectin and active Akt/PKB were also observed in retinal vasculature of TSP1−/− mice in vivo. Inhibition of Src/PI3-kinase/P38 MAP kinase activities in TSP1−/− REC resulted in decreased migration. Furthermore, TSP1−/− REC showed decreased intracellular levels of active Fyn and JNK2 without affecting caspase-3 activity. Thus, our results demonstrate that in the absence of TSP1, the proangiogenic signaling is enhanced, possibly through up-regulation of fibronectin expression. The enhanced signaling further promotes EC proliferation, migration, and survival. These novel observations support the TSP1's role as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis whose endothelium expression promotes a quiescent, differentiated phenotype.
Introduction of human erythropoietin receptor complementary DNA by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into murine embryonic stem cells enhances erythropoiesis in developing embryoid bodies.

To evaluate the role of the erythropoietin (Epo) receptor (R) in erythropoiesis in more primitive stem cells, we assessed the influence of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of human (h) EpoR complementary DNA (cDNA) into murine embryonic stem (ES) cells on erythroid differentiation of these cells. The hEpoR cDNA was efficiently transduced into ES cells, forming hEpoR that stably expressed ES (ES-hEpoR) cells. Expression of hEpoR cDNA was confirmed in ES-hEpoR cells by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis. Colony assays demonstrated that definitive erythroid and primitive erythroid colonies were significantly increased from EShEpoR cells, when compared with mock virus‐transduced ES (ES-Neo) cells, during the time course of differentiation induced by withdrawal of leukemia inhibitory factor, in either the presence or the absence of Epo. Multipotential colony-forming units (CFU-Mix) were also increased in ES-hEpoR cells at different stages of differentiation, but no changes were detected for CFU‐granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM). Time course studies by Northern blot analysis demonstrated elevated levels of expression of β-H 1 and β-Major globin genes in embryoid bodies derived from ES-hEpoR cells stimulated with Epo, when compared with similar expression from ES-Neo cells. Expression of the GATA-1 gene was enhanced in ES-hEpoR cells, when compared with ES-Neo cells, beginning immediately after initiation of the cultures until 8 days of differentiation. These data indicate that primitive and definitive erythropoiesis in differentiating embryoid bodies can be enhanced by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer of an hEpoR gene.
Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on ATPases in mouse brain subcellular fractions

Abstract The effect of (−)-Δ9-THC on the activities of Mg2+−, Na+−K+− and Mg2+Ca2+-ATPases were studied in mouse brain subcellular fractions. In vitro treatment with Δ9-THC produced a dose dependent stimulation of Mg2+ ATPase in the crude mitochondrial fraction and its subfractions and a dose-related inhibition of this activity in the microsomal fraction. Na+-K+- and Mg2+-Ca2+-ATPase activities were inhibited in a dose-related manner in all subcellular fractions studied.
Trends in Proboscidean Diversity in the African Cenozoic

The evolution of the Order Proboscidea has been proposed as a series of adaptive shifts in response to changing environments and evolutionary trends in skull and dentition that were linked to increasing dietary specialization. The assumption that climate and environmental change are the driving forces behind evolution is prevalent in studies of adaptation and diversification. However, there are other forces at work that may be equally responsible for evolutionary change, those involving biotic interaction and competition. In this paper, a summary of the African proboscidean record is presented as a means to examine overall trends in diversity and adaptation. Specimens from 175 localities in East, Central, and Southern Africa were entered into a locality database. Proboscideans from these localities comprise 11 families, 27 genera, and 53 species. First Appearance Datum (FAD) and Last Appearance Datum (LAD) for each species were plotted in 1-million-year intervals. Three periods of diversification were noted, the first in the Oligocene, the second in the early-middle Miocene, and the last in the Pliocene. Three ecomorphological categories based on dental functional morphology were identified in each of the three periods, suggesting that these are stable categories through time. As a result, it is proposed that biotic competition (resulting in resource partitioning) played a more prominent role in proboscidean evolutionary change and diversity than previously thought.
Evolution: The Making of Ediacaran Giants

Some of the enigmatic Precambrian organisms in the Ediacaran Period grew large and stood tall above the seafloor. Canopy flow modeling suggests that their large size was optimized for access to flow in order to facilitate osmotrophic nutrient uptake in low-flow environments.
Two-sample models with monotonic likelihood ratios for ordinal regression

Abstract Signal detection experiments with human observers frequently generate ordinal data which are evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods. These methods may include regressing a continuous two-distribution model to the data set. Because we assume that human observers will not systematically select observations absent the signal, this model should have a monotonic likelihood ratio between the distributions. This paper gives a general method for constructing pairs of distributions that have monotonic likelihood ratios and a possibly large number flexible parameters. It suggests two specific simple parametric forms of monotonic likelihood ratios, constructs new distributions with those likelihood ratios using other standard distributions, and performs ordinal regression with those new distributions to model some example data from the literature.
Reexamining the phonological similarity effect in immediate serial recall : The roles of type of similarity, category cuing, and item recall

Study of the phonological similarity effect (PSE) in immediate serial recall (ISR) has produced a conflicting body of results. Five experiments tested various theoretical ideas that together may help integrate these results. Experiments 1 and 2 tested alternative accounts that explain the effect of phonological similarity on item recall in terms of feature overlap, linguistic structure, or serial order. In each experiment, the participants’ ISR was assessed for rhyming, alliterative, and similar nonrhyming/ nonalliterative lists. The results were consistent with the predictions of the serial order account, with item recall being higher for rhyming than for alliterative lists and higher for alliterative than for similar nonrhyming/nonalliterative lists. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that these item recall differences are reduced when list items repeat across lists. Experiment 5 employed rhyming and dissimilar onesyllable and two-syllable lists to demonstrate that recall for similar (rhyming) lists can be better than that for dissimilar lists even in a typical ISR task in which words are used, providing a direct reversal of the classic PSE. These and other previously published results are interpreted and integrated within a proposed theoretical framework that offers an account of the PSE.
Data-derived spatial-resolution errors of Antarctic sea-ice thickness

Abstract Uncertainties due to spatial resolution (E R) of gridded sea-ice thickness (z) distributions remain largely unquantified. We address this issue using remotely sensed and in situ observations of the Southern Ocean (south of −60°) to determine appropriate data sources based on length scales for continental-scale sea-ice studies. Sea-ice thickness is not normally distributed such that the mean, median, and mode are distinct from each other. Averaging only retains the mean value, reducing bias and natural variability as z is aggregated to coarse resolutions. The rate of smoothing as a function of resolution influences the sea-ice thickness distribution represented by each product. Analysis of E R for 1° through 5° resolutions shows absolute E R increasing with grid-cell size and sea-ice extent in both datasets. The absolute E R for gridded thickness distribution ranges from 0.02 to 0.40 m at 1° and from 0.03 to 0.78 m at 5°. The E R value and slope (m) is lower (E R≤0.20 m, m<0.05) for ice charts tha...
Comparative estuarine and marine migration ecology of Atlantic salmon and steelhead: blue highways and open plains

This synthesis focuses on the estuarine and ocean ecology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) across their southern ranges in North America. General life history and ecology share many common traits including iteroparity, duration of freshwater (0–3 years) and marine (2–5 years) rearing, ocean emigration at relatively large sizes and strong surface orientation compared to other salmonids. Despite parallels in life history and anthropogenic pressures, several differences emerged for these species. First, steelhead have greater life history diversity and a broader geographic distribution. Generally, estuary habitats serve as short-term migration corridors for both species. However, some steelhead populations used lagoon habitat in south-coast watersheds. While both species are epipelagic, Atlantic salmon exhibit more vertical migration. Atlantic salmon tend to follow migratory highways—relatively narrow bands along the coastal shelf, then crossing the Atlantic to feed inshore and in fjords of West Greenland. Conversely, steelhead exit the coastal shelf quickly, dispersing across the Pacific, and rarely use coastal environments. Despite inhabiting rivers in warm dry Mediterranean climates, the extended range and stability of southern steelhead distribution is likely buffered by cool upwelled waters of the California Current. Whereas Atlantic salmon populations are restricted by warmer Northwest Atlantic circulation patterns lacking cool upwelling with greater susceptibility to warming associated with climate change. Determining the rate of marine habitat changes in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is important to the conservation of these species, including subtleties of temporal and spatial habitat use, and adaptability to ocean ecosystems under climate change.
Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas mimicking pancreatic pseudocyst

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is a low-grade malignancy, which is very rare and predominantly occurs in young women. We report a case of this tumor in a 30 year-old woman who was initially misdiagnosed with pancreatic pseudocyst based on CT scan findings. EUS with FNA revealed the diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor and guided the surgical approach. This case emphasizes the importance of tissue diagnosis in patients with cystic lesions of the pancreas on CT scan and no obvious history of pancreatitis.
Combinatorial morphogenesis of dendritic spines and filopodia by SPAR and α-actinin2

Rap small GTPases regulate excitatory synaptic strength and morphological plasticity of dendritic spines. Changes in spine structure are mediated by the F-actin cytoskeleton, but the link between Rap activity and actin dynamics is unclear. Here, we report a novel interaction between SPAR, a postsynaptic inhibitor of Rap, and α-actinin, a family of actin-cross-linking proteins. SPAR and α-actinin engage in bidirectional structural plasticity of dendritic spines: SPAR promotes spine head enlargement, whereas increased α-actinin2 expression favors dendritic spine elongation and thinning. Surprisingly, SPAR and α-actinin2 can function in an additive rather than antagonistic fashion at the same dendritic spine, generating combination spine/filopodia hybrids. These data identify a molecular pathway bridging the actin cytoskeleton and Rap at synapses, and suggest that formation of spines and filopodia are not necessarily opposing forms of structural plasticity.
Thermal analysis of a solid brake disc

Abstract Braking is a process which converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into mechanical energy which must be dissipated in the form of heat. During the braking phase, the frictional heat generated at the interface disc – pads can lead to high temperatures. This phenomenon is even more important that the tangential stress as well as the relative sliding speeds in contact is important. The objective of this study is to analyze the thermal behavior of the full and ventilated brake discs of the vehicles using computing code ANSYS. The modeling of the temperature distribution in the disc brake is used to identify all the factors and the entering parameters concerned at the time of the braking operation such as the type of braking, the geometric design of the disc and the used material. The results obtained by the simulation are satisfactory compared with those of the specialized literature.
Superstructure in RE2-xFe4Si14-y (RE = Y, Gd-Lu) characterized by diffraction, electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Ternary rare-earth iron silicides RE(2-x)Fe4Si(14-y) (RE = Y, Gd-Lu; x approximately equal to 0.8; y approximately equal to 4.1) crystallize in the hexagonal system with a approximately equal to 3.9 A, c approximately equal to 15.3 A, Pearson symbol hP20-4.9. Their structures involve rare-earth silicide planes with approximate compositions of "RE1.2Si1.9" alternating with beta-FeSi2-derived slabs and are part of a growing class of rare-earth/transition-metal/main-group compounds based on rare-earth/main-group element planes interspersed with (distorted) fluorite-type transition-metal/main-group element layers. The rare-earth silicide planes in the crystallographic unit cells show partial occupancies of both the RE and Si sites because of interatomic distance constraints. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a 4a x 4b x c superstructure for these compounds, whereas further X-ray diffraction experiments suggest ordering within the ab planes but disordered stacking along the c direction. A 4a x 4b structural model for the rare-earth silicide plane is proposed, which provides good agreement with the electron microscopy results and creates two distinct Fe environments in a 15:1 ratio. Fe-57 Mossbauer spectra confirm these two different iron environments in the powder samples. Magnetic susceptibilities suggest weak (essentially no) magnetic coupling between rare-earth elements, and resistivity measurements indicate poor metallic behavior with a large residual resistivity at low temperatures, which is consistent with disorder. First-principles electronic-structure calculations on model structures identify a pseudogap in the densities of states for specific valence-electron counts that provides a basis for a useful electron-counting scheme for this class of rare-earth/transition-metal/main-group compounds.
Composition of petroleum heavy ends. 3. Comparison of the composition of high-boiling petroleum distillates and petroleum >675 °C residues

Abstract Three ‘heavy ends’ fractions of petroleum are compared and defined as 370–535 °C distillates, 535–675 °C distillates, and >675 °C residues. The distributions of classes of compounds, compound types, molecular weights, and heteroatom content of individual molecules in the heavy ends fractions are discussed.
Quantitative analysis of heart rate recovery profile during recovery from physical work

Abstract A mathematical model depicting a person's heart rate profile during the recovery period was developed. This model consisted of two heart rate parameters, namely, a resting heart rate ( HRR ) and a heart rate increase (Γ HR ), and a model parameter (s) representing the recovery rate of heart rate. A load-carrying experiment was conducted to study the following: (1) the relationship between work load and the recovery rate of heart rate, and (2) the possibility of using the model to estimate a person's heart rate recovery profile. From the experiment, heart rate recovery profiles from fourteen subjects were recorded and their recovery rates were determined. The results showed that for the load carrying activity the recovery rate of heart rate linearly correlated with work load; the higher the work load, the faster the recovery rate was. Furthermore, when comparing the heart rate recovery profiles estimated by the model to those previously recorded, remarkable similarities were found at every work load studied.
Perceptual Information and Allocation of Reward by Elementary School Children.

The present study investigated an assumption derived from equity research concerning the types of cues that influence allocation of reward by kindergarten, first, and second grade children (ns = 40...
Who Created Us? Faculty, Staff, Book Dealers, and Russian Libraries That Shaped the University of Hawaii Russian Collection

The article details individuals, primarily faculty but also library staff and administrators, as well as Russian libraries and book dealers, who have contributed to the development of the Russian collections at the University of Hawaii Library, primarily in the post‐World War II period. The author would like to thank John Stephan and Victor Kobayashi for information provided for the history and education sections respectively.
The Extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) by Dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate from Aqueous Nitrate Media

Abstract The extraction behavior of Th(IV) and U(VI) from nitrate media was studied using relatively pure dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP). The data were compared with analogous measurements obtained with dibutyl butylphosphonate (DB[BP]). It was found that the extractant dependency is second power for U(VI) with both DHDECMP and DB[BP]. However, the extractant dependency for Th(IV) is third power for DB[BP] but varied from 2.5 to 2.0 power for DHDECMP depending on the total nitrate concentration. The Kd data do not support the theory that DHDECMP is an effective chelating agent for actinide ions. Significant differences between DHDECMP and DB[BP] do appear in the extraction behavior of Th(IV) from 1 to 5 M HNO3. These differences are explained by the ability of DHDECMP to buffer itself against the effects of HNO3 by protonation of the amide group.
Adhesion of resin to casting alloys

Abstract The bond strength of a composite resin bonded to various dental casting alloys with three adhesive systems—Silicoater, Panavia, and Superbond C&B— was investigated. The metal surfaces were treated solely with aluminum oxide blasting before application of the adhesive. Thermal cycling caused a reduction in bond strength for all combinations of the adhesive systems and alloys, but the Silicoater system recorded the greatest bond strength. The 4-META system was equivalent to Panavia system in bond strengths to most metals and exhibited greater strength with others.
Antibody, Macrophages, Dengue Virus Infection, Shock, and Hemorrhage: A Pathogenetic Cascade

Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) in children is reliably associated with the presence of dengue antibody--actively or passively acquired--before the onset of illness. Limited observations by electron microscopy and fluorescent antibody testing and the recovery of virus from tissues obtained at autopsy show that dengue viruses are consistently associated with cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. In particular, virus is associated with Kupffer cells, pulmonary macrophages, and mononuclear cells in skin and blood. Endothelial cells fail to demonstrate necrosis or inflammatory changes. Since acute vascular permeability, shock, and hemorrhage occur late in illness, a plausible hypothesis is that phlogistic factors, resulting from interactions with elements of the immune response, are released from virus-infected mononuclear phagocytes. Such phenomena as generalized depression of mitotic activity of bone marrow cells, destruction of mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes, complement activation, and abnormal hemostasis may serve as markers of these phlogistic factors. It will be of interest to establish whether other viral hemorrhagic fevers involve the same target cells as in DHF/DSS and are mediated by similar effector mechanisms.
Protein engineering and the development of generic biosensors

Biosensors exploit the remarkable specificity of biomolecular recognition to provide analytical tools that can measure the presence of a single molecular species in a complex mixture. A new strategy is emerging in the development of biosensor technologies: molecular-engineering techniques are being used to adapt the properties of proteins to simple, generic detector instrumentation, rather than adapting instruments to the unique requirements of a natural molecule.
Effects of maternal and paternal alcohol consumption on the success rates of in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer.

Abstract Objective To determine whether the amount and timing of female and male alcohol use during IVF and GIFT affect reproductive endpoints. Design Multicenter prospective study. Setting Clinics in southern California. Patient(s) Two hundred twenty-one couples with female infertility. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) Egg retrieval, transfer, fertilization, pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth, and multiple gestations. Result(s) Female alcohol consumption was associated with: (1) a 13% decrease in the number of eggs aspirated (adjusted 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2% to −23%, for one additional drink per day, 1 year before the IVF or GIFT attempt); (2) an increase in risk of not achieving pregnancy by 2.86 times (0.99–8.24, 1 month prior); and (3) an increase in risk of miscarriage by 2.21 times (1.09–4.49, 1 week before the procedure). For men, one additional drink per day increased the risk of not achieving a live birth by 2.28 (1.08–4.80) to 8.32 (1.82–37.97) times, depending on the time period; beer also affected live births (ORs = 5.49–45.64). This outcome may be due partially to increased risk of miscarriage by 2.70 to 38.04 times for men who drank ≤1 month before and during IVF and GIFT. Conclusion(s) This is the first study to report an association between alcohol use and reproductive endpoints of IVF and GIFT. Because alcohol use is ubiquitous, modifying drinking habits may increase assisted reproductive technology success rates.
Studies on intestinal fluid transport. I. Estimation of the extracellular space of everted sacs of rat small intestine.

Abstract 1. 1. The estimation of the extracellular space of intestine incubated in vitro has been investigated. 2. 2. The extracellular space of intestine consists of two anatomically distinct compartments: adherent mucosal fluid and sub-epithelial (serosal) extracellular space. 3. 3. The serosal solute spaces of high molecular weight compounds (PEG 1000, PEG 4000, inulin) were similar, and smaller than the serosal mannitol space. It was concluded that, since the possibility that mannitol penetrates an intracellular compartment cannot be excluded, the high molecular weight solutes are preferable in investigation of the dynamic extracellular compartment involved in fluid transport. 4. 4. Penetration of the serosal extracellular space by PEG 4000 was not influenced by fluid transport, and it was concluded that PEG 4000 equilibrates with the space which it penetrates.
Projections as convex combinations of surjective isometries on C(Ω)

We study properties of operators that are in the convex hull of a finite set of surjective isometries on the Banach space of complex valued continuous maps defined on a compact and connected topological space. We characterize those projections that are in the convex combination of two surjective isometries and we show that they are generalized bi-circular projections.
Effect of cigarette smoke on endothelial regeneration in vivo and nitric oxide levels.

Background.Cigarette smoking accelerates atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular reconstruction. The mechanisms by which smoking alters vessel structure after injury are unclear. This study examined the effects of cigarette smoking on endothelial regeneration, an important component of arterial remodeling. Materials and methods.Adult male rats were subjected to balloon injury of the thoracic aorta and exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke via a Griffith-type smoking machine for 2 weeks. Control groups included rats which were restrained in the machine but not smoked and a group not utilizing the machine. Aortic reendothelialization was determined using Evan's blue staining of the arterial surface. Serum levels of nitric oxide were measured to determine if smoke exposure altered this potential endothelial cell mitogen. Results.Cigarette smoking increased aortic endothelial regeneration (78.4 ± 4.6% vs 59.2 ± 2.1%,P< 0.05) and was associated with an increase in serum nitric oxide level (59.9 ± 7.1 μM vs 28.5 ± 1.8 μM,P< 0.05). Daily restraint alone in the smoking machine had no effect on endothelial regeneration. Conclusions.This is the first report on the effects of smoking on endothelial regeneration and demonstrates that smoking increases reendothelialization after large vessel injury and serum levels of nitric oxide, an EC mitogen.
486 REFERRAL RATES AND NEONATAL OUTCOME AMONG COMMUNITY HOSPITAL BORN INFANTS IN A STATEWIDE PERINATAL INTENSIVE CARE NETWORK

Statistical analysis of birthweight distribution and weight specific neonatal mortality rates (NMR) revealed that 62% of a 31% reduction in NMR between 1974 and 1978 in WV was due to improved survival of < 2500 gm infants. These findings suggest that the observed reduction in NMR is due to increased access to neonatal intensive care rather than the improved socio-economic factors reflected in birthweight distribution. To further test this hypothesis we surmised that low birthweight infants born in hospitals with higher referral rates would experience lower NMR than infants born in hospitals with low referral rates. Data sources include infant referral data to all perinatal centers, and matched birth and death certificates. All 2,194 infants weighing between 1001-2500 gms born in WV hospitals in 1977 and 1978 were selected for special study. Analysis confirms that hospitals with higher referral rates have lower NMR among 1001-2500 gm infants. 16.4 deaths per 1,000 infants born in hospitals which referred below the mean may be attributed to the infants having been born in this group. When hospitals were grouped by number of specialists associated it was learned that secondary hospitals referred at a rate 50% below that of primary hospitals and NMR in secondary hospitals was 13% higher than in primary hospitals.
Life-threatening Diphenhydramine Overdose Treated With Charcoal Hemoperfusion and Hemodialysis

We describe a 35-year-old woman who ingested 16 g (approximately 20 mg/kg) of diphenhydramine with resultant hypotension requiring pressor support and marked QRS prolongation. After treatment with sodium bicarbonate failed to improve cardiac status, the patient underwent emergency charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis with rapid improvement in the ECG findings within the first 40 minutes of treatment and with no further need for pressors. Major texts in toxicology state that diphenhydramine is unsuitable for hemodialysis or charcoal hemoperfusion. However, our case suggests that charcoal hemoperfusion may be appropriate therapy in cases of massive diphenhydramine overdoses when standard supportive measures fail. This case represents the largest documented diphenhydramine overdose that resulted in survival.
Abnormal sexual differentiation and neoplasia.

The prevalence of neoplasia is increased in individuals with certain disorders of sexual differentiation. Etiology and frequency of neoplasia vary with the particular disorder. In uncomplicated cryptorchidism, the testis is at least 10 times more likely to undergo neoplastic transformation than a normal scrotal testis. Neoplasia probably is a function of both testicular location (intraabdominal) and underlying dysgenetic structure. If cryptorchidism is unilateral, and if orchiopexy has not been performed prior to age 6-10 years, orchiectomy should be encouraged. In those forms of gonadal dysgenesis not associated with a Y chromosome (e.g., 45,X; 45,X/46,XX; 46,XX) there is no definite increase in neoplasia, suggesting that elevated gonadotropin levels per se are not carcinogenic. Gonadal tumors are found in at least 30% of individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis and are particularly frequent (55%) in H-Y antigen-positive patients. These tumors are almost always gonadoblastomas or dysgerminomas. Similar tumors are found in 15%-20% of 45,X/46,XY individuals. In either situation the neoplastic transformation could be a) secondary to the existence of XY gonadal tissue in an inhospitable environment, or b) integrally related to that process--genetic or cytogenetic--producing the dysgenetic gonads. The risk of neoplasia is sufficiently high that most of these patients should be offered early gonadal extirpation. The prevalence of gonadal tumors is not increased in Klinefelter's syndrome, further indicating that gonadotropins are not carcinogenic per se. However, Klinefelter patients are 20 times more likely to develop a carcinoma of the breast than are 46,XY males. Extragonadal germ cell tumors also are more common. In female pseudohermaphrodites there is probably no increased risk of neoplasia, whereas, in true hermaphrodites neoplasia is unusual but does occur. Neoplasia occurs in patients with complete testicular feminization (complete androgen insensitivity) but rarely in those with incomplete testicular feminization/Reifenstein's syndrome, 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, anorchia, agonadia, or testosterone biosynthetic defects. In complete testicular feminization the risk of malignant tumors is small prior to age 25. After age 25, it is about 2%-5%. Orchiectomy is recommended after pubertal feminization.
Single-Molecule Analysis Suggests Two Novel Pathways for Turning Off Transcription by a MerR-Family Metalloregulator

Metalloregulators regulate transcription in response to metal ion concentrations. How they interact with DNA and change the DNA structure dictates the regulation process. Many studies have provided insights into how transcription is activated upon metal binding by MerR-family metalloregulators. In contrast, how transcription is turned off after activation is unclear. Turning off transcription promptly is important, however, as the cells would not want to continue expressing metal resistance genes and thus waste energy after metal stress is relieved. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) measurements to probe the dynamic interactions between CueR, a Cu1+-responsive MerR-family regulator, and a double-strand DNA in real time one event at a time. Besides seeing its DNA binding and unbinding kinetics, we discovered that CueR spontaneously flips its binding orientation at the recognition site. CueR also has two different binding modes, corresponding to interactions with specific and nonspecific DNA sequences, which would facilitate recognition localization. Most strikingly, a CueR molecule coming from solution can directly substitute for a DNA-bound CueR or assist the dissociation of the incumbent CueR, both of which are the first such examples for any DNA-binding protein. The kinetics of the direct protein substitution and assisted dissociation reactions indicate that these two novel processes can provide efficient pathways to replace a DNA-bound holo-CueR with apo-CueR, thus turning off transcription promptly and facilely.
Geometrical Rearrangement of Aggregated Chlorophyll in vivo during the Greening Process

IT has been previously reported1 that the emission maximum from aggregated chlorophyll, in Euglena gracilis strain Z, shifts toward longer wave-lengths as the concentration of chlorophyll increases in the cell. In an earlier paper2 it was assumed that the shift toward longer wavelengths arises from the formation of a distribution of molecular aggregates of different sizes. In this treatment, the geometry of the aggregates was presumed to undergo no change during the greening process. A calculation of the aggregate sizes and their absorption maxima corresponding to the experimentally observed emission bands was made.
Parallel synthesis of acylsemicarbazide libraries: preparation of potent cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors

Abstract Potent cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors were prepared using parallel synthesis methodology. Treating advanced intermediate 2 with a variety of hydrazides in DMSO at 80 °C for 30 min gave the desired acylsemicarbazides in good to excellent yield. Several compounds were active against cdk4/D1 and cdk2/E in the low nanomolar range. The SAR indicates a wide variety of substituents are tolerated at the acylsemicarbazide moiety.
Pediatric Obesity Treatment in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Obesity can affect any child, but it occurs disproportionately in children with developmental disabilities. Treatment efforts, however, have focused primarily on nondisabled children, and more research is needed to determine how current approaches can be modified for youth with neurodevelopmental disabilities. This article briefly reviews what is currently known about obesity treatment in these children and presents a case series describing methods employed by a family-based, multidisciplinary weight management program in the treatment of obesity. Lessons learned from clinical experience are also discussed, with implications for collaborating with families of children with disabilities in treatment, establishing healthy routines and schedules, setting the pace of treatment progression, and minimizing disruptions in the behavior change process. Though there are no expert recommendations specifically tailored to obesity treatment in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, existing clinical programs such as the one described here can be adapted to better meet the needs of this underserved population. Further research is warranted to determine the most effective methods for addressing obesity in these children, as has been specified as a national health priority.
Experimental research on A 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron

Summary form only given. Megawatt gyrotrons have a variety of applications including electron cyclotron heating (ECH) of plasmas in fusion devices. High efficiency operation is necessary to minimize the prime power required and to ensure good reliability of the device over its lifetime. To achieve high power and efficiency at the required frequencies, the gyrotrons must utilize large, overmoded cavities that face severe mode competition. It is important to understand the start-up scenario of the gyrotron, that is the sequence of modes excited during the voltage rise, since, under such conditions, small changes in operational parameters can affect the final operating state of the gyrotron. The start-up scenario had previously been examined using the numerical code MAGY and showed that higher-order modes would be excited and different start-up scenarios could yield a different final operating state [1,2].