cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Penetrative and Recirculating Flow in a Compartment Fire

A numerical study of a turbulent penetrative and recirculating flow induced by the energy input from a fire at the bottom boundary in a partially open rectangular enclosure is carried out. The compartment is connected through an opening to a long corridor, which opens into a stably stratified environment. The condition that is of interest is a stable, two-layered, temperature stratification, which is assumed to be caused by fire in an adjacent enclosure. in this study, attention is focused on the interaction between the cavity and its surrounding ambient medium through the opening. The influence of the stratification is examined in the turbulent flow regime by considering a range of stratification levels for given opening height and initial interface location. it is found that, depending on the stratification, the thermal plume above the fire may never reach the ceiling. Small penetration distances occur at large stratification levels. The flow field reveals a multicellular pattern : a strong main convective cell at the bottom and a weak counterrotating cell at the top. The stable thermal stratification can cause a destruction of the turbulence. This results in the relaminarization of the flow in the upper region of the cavity and may significantly affect the transport processes in the enclosure. This could distort the simplistic concept of two homogeneous gas layers, which forms the basis of zone modeling for compartment fires.
Assessing protein function using a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning

The determination of protein function using experimental techniques is time-consuming and expensive; the use of machine learning techniques to rapidly assess protein function may be useful in streamlining this process. The problem of assigning functional classes to proteins is complicated by the fact that a single protein can participate in several different pathways and thus can have multiple functions. It follows that the instances in the resulting classification problem can carry multiple class labels. We have developed a tree-based classifier that capable of handling multiply-labeled data: we call the resulting tree a Recursive Maximum-Contrast Tree (RMCT). The name derives from the way in which nodes in the tree are split; this is done by selecting the two training instances with maximum contrast (that is, the two training instances with maximum separation according to some distance measure) and using them as seeds in a clustering algorithm to form a partition of the training instances and hence of the feature space. We test our algorithm on protein phylogenetic profiles generated from 60 completely sequenced genomes, and we compare our results to those achieved using existing algorithms such as support vector machines and decision trees.
Three-dimensional segmentation and growth-rate estimation of small pulmonary nodules in helical CT images

Small pulmonary nodules are a common radiographic finding that presents an important diagnostic challenge in contemporary medicine. While pulmonary nodules are the major radiographic indicator of lung cancer, they may also be signs of a variety of benign conditions. Measurement of nodule growth rate over time has been shown to be the most promising tool in distinguishing malignant from nonmalignant pulmonary nodules. In this paper, we describe three-dimensional (3-D) methods for the segmentation, analysis, and characterization of small pulmonary nodules imaged using computed tomography (CT). Methods for the isotropic resampling of anisotropic CT data are discussed. 3-D intensity and morphology-based segmentation algorithms are discussed for several classes of nodules. New models and methods for volumetric growth characterization based on longitudinal CT studies are developed. The results of segmentation and growth characterization methods based on in vivo studies are described. The methods presented are promising in their ability to distinguish malignant from nonmalignant pulmonary nodules and represent the first such system in clinical use.
Beamforming and signal extraction in multipath with mobile antenna arrays

By exploiting the motion that occurs in mobile communications and using antenna arrays, we propose signal acquisition and beamforming methods that are applicable even in multipath rich environments. It is shown that the time-averaged correlation matrix of the resulting nonstationary signals is resistant to coherent interferences and is particularly useful for subspace methods and beamforming. Examples demonstrating the performance of the proposed methods are also shown. >
Phenology and spatial pattern of Typhaea stercorea (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae) infesting stored grain: estimation by pitfall trapping.

The hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.), occurs frequently in stored grain, often in large numbers. Populations infesting stored barley in Minnesota, corn in South Carolina, and wheat in Florida were sampled by means of grain probe traps. Spatial distribution of the species was examined by contour analysis of trap catch. In South Carolina, corn was sampled at 2 locations over 2 storage seasons, and temperature, moisture content, and malathion residues were measured. These data were used to examine phenology as well as spatial distribution, and showed peak trap catch shortly after harvest in the fall, and in the spring. This pattern followed seasonal changes in grain temperature, but there was no apparent relationship of trap catch to either grain moisture content or malathion residue. The populations of T. stercorea were not distributed randomly, but were largely concentrated in 1 or very few aggregations associated with the “spoutline,” a region high in foreign material and broken grain that forms near the center of a bin as it is loaded. However, the spatial patterns were dynamic, even on a very small time scale (week to week). Numbers of insects in aggregations rose and fell, the areas involved expanded and contracted, the centers shifted, and secondary centers appeared and disappeared. These changes were apparently in response to changing patterns of grain temperature and moisture content. Secondary centers of aggregation often formed in warmer grain along bin walls.
Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Substrates for Flexible Electronics

Flexible electronics have a large number of potential applications including malleable displays and wearable computers. The current research into high‐speed, flexible electronic substrates employs the use of plastics for the flexible substrate, but these plastics typically have drawbacks, such as high thermal expansion coefficients. Transparent films made from cellulose nanofibers have low thermal expansion and thus the potential to serve as substrates for flexible electronics. Here we present the results of using a cellulose nanofiber composite substrate for flexible electronics. While the initial processing procedures need improvement to reduce the film surface roughness and composite thermal expansion coefficient, a working prototype was built and is reported here.
EXPRESSION OF ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIANCES AND COVARIANCES FOR WILD RADISH FLORAL TRAITS: COMPARISON BETWEEN FIELD AND GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENTS

Measurements of the genetic variation and covariation underlying quantitative traits are crucial to our understanding of current evolutionary change and the mechanisms causing this evolution. This fact has spurred a large number of studies estimating heritabilities and genetic correlations in a variety of organisms. Most of these studies have been done in laboratory or greenhouse settings, but it is not well known how accurately these measurements estimate genetic variance and covariance expressed in the field. We conducted a quantitative genetic half-sibling analysis on six floral traits in wild radish. Plants were grown from seed in the field and were exposed to natural environmental variation throughout their lives, including herbivory and intra- and interspecific competition. The estimates of heritabilities and the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix ( G) obtained from this analysis were then compared to previous greenhouse estimates of the same floral traits from the same natural population. Heritabilities were much lower in the field for all traits, and this was due to both large increases in environmental variance and decreases in additive genetic variance. Additive genetic covariance expressed was also much lower in the field. These differences resulted in highly significant differences in the G matrix between the greenhouse and field environments using two complementary testing methods. Although the G matrices shared some principal components in common, they were not simply proportional to each other. Therefore, the greenhouse results did not accurately depict how the floral traits would respond to natural selection in the field.
The Effect of Sitting on Stability Balls on Nonspecific Lower Back Pain, Disability, and Core Endurance: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study.

Study design Experimental randomized crossover. Objective The aim of the study was to determine whether sitting on a ball for 90 min/d instead of a chair has an effect on low back pain (LBP), low back disability, and/or core muscle endurance. Summary of background data LBP may result from prolonged sitting. It has been proposed that replacing chairs with stability balls can diminish LBP in those who sit for prolonged periods. Research on the topic is sparse and inconclusive. Methods A total of 90 subjects (university students, staff, and faculty, ages 18-65, who sit ≥4 hr/d) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group for the first part of the study. Baseline data were collected: Oswestry Disability Index, a numerical pain rating scale for LBP, and four core muscle endurance tests. For 8 weeks, the control group sat on their usual chair. The intervention group sat on stability balls 5 d/wk, increasing up to 90 min/d. Baseline measurements were repeated postintervention. After a washout period, subjects switched groups, and the procedures were repeated-70 completed participation in control group and 76 in intervention group. Results There were no statistically significant differences for pain or disability in either group (P > 0.05). Changes in isometric trunk flexion (P = 0.001), nondominant side plank (P = 0.008), and Sorensen (P = 0.006) endurance scores were significant within the intervention group but not the control group. Between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference for isometric trunk flexion (P = 0.005) and Sorensen endurance times (P = 0.010). Analysis also showed that ball-sitting did not prevent an increase in LBP over the 8-week period. Conclusion Ball-sitting had no significant effects on LBP or associated disability, but did improve core endurance in the sagittal plane. Although ball-sitting may be useful as an adjunct treatment for LBP when core muscles are involved, clinicians should rely on other, evidence-based treatments for LBP.
The Aging of Populations and the Corresponding Retirement Security Policy Research

The aging of population tendency is a prominent phenomenon which our country population structure transforms.Aging of populations question's appear obviously,which will propose inevitably to the retirement security pressure the new challenge,also will affect simultaneously the country on the adjustment of retirement policy.The article based on "the population age structure-national economy factor-social factor-retirement policy" generalized analysis model,proposed the retirement security policy analysis frame.This article take the transform of population structure as the breakthrough point,described the aging of populations tendency,as well as the challenges to the national system retirement security and the civil society retirement security.In order to deal with these challenges,this article based on the generalized analysis model and the characteristic of modern country management structure,proposed the corresponding solution.This article reveals only through the integrity of welfare systems construction,it can guarantee the dynamical equilibrium between the national economy development,the aging of population tendency and the social stability.
Consonant perception by users of nucleus and clarion multichannel cochlear implants

A study was carried out to compare the consonant perceptions of five Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant users, five Clarion-CIS users, and four Clarion-CA users. All subjects were administered the Iowa Medical Consonant Recognition Test in the auditory-only condition. The groups averaged approximately 1 year of implant use at the time of testing, and the average age at implantation was 47 years for the Nucleus users, 60 years for the Clarion-CIS users, and 56 years for the Clarion-CA users. The percent-corrected scores for all three devices were variable and ranged from 34% to 84%, with each group averaging about 50% correct consonant recognition. Consonant feature information transmission was calculated for five features: manner of articulation, nasality, place of articulation, duration, and voicing. The highest information transmission in the Nucleus group was for the features of duration (71%), nasality (60%), and voicing (57%), which agrees with previous studies. The Clarion-CIS group had the highest information transmission for duration, place of articulation, manner of articulation, and nasality (50%, 29%, 28%, and 27%). The Clarion-CA group had the highest information transmission for the features voicing, place of articulation, and duration (41%, 40%, and 37%). This study indicates that the Clarion device may carry some acoustic information related to place of articulation, a feature that has not been found to be encoded well by other multichannel cochlear implants.
Sleep Apnea Syndromes: Impact of Sleep and Sleep States

Initial psychometric properties of the SLEEP-50 questionnaire, designed to detect sleep disorders as listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision), were examined. The sample consisted of 377 college students, 246 sleep patients, 32 nightmare sufferers, and 44 healthy volunteers. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = .85); test–retest correlations fell between .65 and .89. Principal component analysis with a direct oblimin rotation revealed a factor structure that closely matched the designed structure. Sensitivity and specificity scores were promising for all sleep disorders; the agreement between all clinical diagnoses and SLEEP-50-classifications was substantial (κ = .77). These initial findings indicate that the SLEEP-50 seems able to detect a variety of sleep disorders. The SLEEP-50 can aid in screening for common sleep disorders in the general population. BEHAVIORAL SLEEP MEDICINE, 3(4), 227–246 Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Professional Conferences, Social Capital and Tourism: Is The Alliance in Jeopardy?

This editorial uses stakeholder and conference tourism theory to discuss how open access has influenced the increasing growth of virtual conferences and meetings and the implications for social capital traditionally valued by face-to-face events. Online or virtual conferences, meetings and events have emerged as a growing sector of the professional, education, research and development market worldwide. Educational and tourism leadership and stakeholders must form partnerships to determine the economic impact of global online conferences vs. face-toface meetings on host communities around the world and the social capital that is valued by such conferences and meetings in both the education and tourism communities. The purpose of this editorial, therefore, is to call attention to how face-to-face professional conferences and meetings support or add value to the relationship between social capital and educational tourism. This editorial recommends a research agenda to develop theories about how to sustain the social capital of professional conference while not compromising the benefits of FTF conference tourism. Such an agenda would first examine relevant literature on the key characteristics of online and face-toface conferences and their comparative social, educational, economical and political impact; and second, explore the contemporary issue of “social capital” within academic debates in a variety of conference contexts from an interdisciplinary stance.
Exposure therapy and cognitive interventions for the anxiety disorders: Overview and newer third-generation perspectives

Publisher Summary Fear and its conditioned basis are not disordered processes per se but become so when they alter their form, frequency, or occurrence in humans. The regulation of anxiety and fear using any number of strategies may result in temporary relief—for example, anxiety reduction via negative reinforcement. Yet the cumulative effect over time of such actions is life constriction and long-term suffering. Such actions, when rigidly and inflexibly applied, can take over a person's life and turn the experience of fear and fear learning into a problematic painful emotional experience. Exposure-based interventions may need to attend to the emotional regulation agenda, while reframing exposure in terms of valued life goals such as family, relationships, spirituality, and health that are not control or attenuation of anxiety and fear. Exposure and cognitive change procedures may be used as set of emotion regulation strategies that may set clients up for fear renewal and relapse.
Reaction of Cp*2Zr(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) with Isonitriles and CO

We have investigated the reaction of isonitriles with a permethylzirconocene complex of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene. Cp*2Zr(2,3-dimethylbutadiene) (1) reacts with tert-alkyl isonitriles to give η2-iminoacyl complexes Cp*2Zr[CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2C(NR)] 2 (R = tBu) and 3 (R = 1-adamantyl). Treatment of 2 with excess isopropyl isonitrile gives the η1,η2-bis(iminoacyl) complex Cp*2Zr[C(NiPr)CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2C((NiPr)] (4) and free tert-butyl isonitrile. The reaction of 1 with 2 equiv of isopropyl isonitrile also affords 4, through the intermediate Cp*2Zr[CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2C(NiPr)] (5). Carbonylation of 2 affords the Zr formimidoyl cyclopentadienolate 6. Treatment of a Zr hydride cyclopentadienolate (7), obtained from the carbonylation of 1, with tert-butyl isonitrile also affords 6. Isotopic labeling shows that the insertion of tert-butyl isonitrile into 1 and 7 is reversible. All complexes were characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods.
QAPD: An integrated system to quantify symptoms of Parkinson's disease

The complex prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms has pushed research towards assessment tools that can assist in their quantification. There remains a need for a system capable of measuring symptoms during various tasks at multiple motor levels (kinematics and electromyography). In this paper, we present the development and initial validation of a quantitative assessment tool for Parkinson's disease (QAPD), a system designed to assist researchers and clinicians in the study of PD. The system integrates motion tracking, data gloves, and electromyography to collect movement related data from multiple body parts. As part of the system, a custom MATLAB® based toolbox has been designed to quantify bradykinesia, tremor, micrographia, and muscle rigidity using both standard and contemporary data analysis techniques. We believe this system can be a useful assessment tool to assist clinicians and researchers in diagnosing and estimating movement dysfunction in individuals with PD.
The Acute Effects of White Button and Shiitake Mushroom Powder Supplementation on Postprandial Lipemia Following a High Fat Meal

BackgroundThe current trend of rising obesity levels and poor dietary choices have led to an increased incidence of chronic diseases in the United States, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and...
1969 Territoriality and Habitat Choice

Animals divide space and other resources into territories. In the simplest definition, a territory is any defended space. Understanding territoriality gives great insight into mating systems and patterns of association among animals in social groups.
Abstract MS1-2: MS1-2 Breast cancer immunotherapy: Building on clinical success

Breast cancer has long been considered immunologically silent, but it is now clear that the immune system is active in this disease. Breast cancers can naturally induce tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), which represent a biomarker of the endogenous immune response. Increasing data support the association of TIL with a better prognosis for breast cancer patients, and also suggest that the presence of TIL can predict response to standard breast cancer therapies. These observations have stimulated intense interest in harnessing the natural breast cancer-specific immune response for therapeutic benefit. Breast cancer vaccines that activate the breast cancer-specific immune response have been tested for many years, with minimal clinical success to date. This is likely due to both inadequate vaccination platforms and dominant mechanisms of immune suppression active within the breast tumor microenvironment. In the tumor microenvironment, the immune checkpoint pathway governed by the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand PD-L1 has emerged as a significant mechanism of immune resistance in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. Several monoclonal antibody antagonists of PD-1 or PD-L1 unleash the activity of tumor-specific T cells in multiple types of cancer, resulting in durable clinical responses that translate into an overall survival benefit. Early data in breast cancer reveal that these agents have activity in some patients with triple negative and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, with response rates that range from about 5-44%. Antagonists of the PD-1 pathway are typically well-tolerated in breast cancer patients, with unique immune-related adverse events that are quite manageable. Selecting patients for PD-L1 expression appears to enrich for responders to single agent therapies that target PD-1/PD-L1. Based on early clinical data, agents that target the PD-1 pathway are under accelerated clinical development for breast cancer treatment. The challenge moving forward is converting immunotherapy non-responders to responders. Combination immunotherapies that integrate standard breast cancer therapies and/or multiple innovative immune-based therapies to simultaneously promote T cell activity and relieve multiple mechanisms of immune suppression at the tumor site have the greatest potential for enhancing the clinical activity of immunotherapy for breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Emens LA. MS1-2 Breast cancer immunotherapy: Building on clinical success [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr MS1-2.
Neurofibrillary Tangle Stage and the Rate of Progression of Alzheimer Symptoms: Modeling Using an Autopsy Cohort and Application to Clinical Trial Design

Importance The heterogeneity of rate of clinical progression among patients with Alzheimer disease leads to difficulty in providing clinical counseling and diminishes the power of clinical trials using disease-modifying agents. Objective To gain a better understanding of the factors that affect the natural history of progression in Alzheimer disease for the purpose of improving both clinical care and clinical trial design. Design, Setting, and Participants A longitudinal cohort study of aging from 2005 to 2014 in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center. Clinical evaluation of the participants was conducted in 31 National Institute on Aging’s Alzheimer Disease Centers. Nine hundred eighty-four participants in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center cohort study who died and underwent autopsy and met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures We sought to model the possibility that knowledge of neurofibrillary tangle burden in the presence of moderate or frequent plaques would add to the ability to predict clinical rate of progression during the ensuing 2 to 3 years. We examined the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center autopsy data to evaluate the effect of different neurofibrillary tangle stages on the rates of progression on several standard clinical instruments: the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes, a verbal memory test (logical memory), and a controlled oral word association task (vegetable naming), implementing a reverse-time longitudinal modeling approach in conjunction with latent class estimation to adjust for unmeasured sources of heterogeneity. Results Several correlations between clinical variables and neurocognitive performance suggest a basis for heterogeneity: Higher education level was associated with lower Clinical Dementia Rating Scale sum of boxes (β = −0.19;P Conclusions and Relevance We found that knowledge of neurofibrillary tangle stage, modeled as the sort of information that could be available from tau positron-emission tomography scans and its use to determine eligibility to a trial, could dramatically improve the power of clinical trials and equivalently reduce the required sample sizes of clinical trials.
Hunger and thirst interact to regulate ingestive behavior in flies and mammals

In animals, nervous systems regulate the ingestion of food and water in a manner that reflects internal metabolic need. While the coordination of these two ingestive behaviors is essential for homeostasis, it has been unclear how internal signals of hunger and thirst interact to effectively coordinate food and water ingestion. In the last year, work in insects and mammals has begun to elucidate some of these interactions. As reviewed here, these studies have identified novel molecular and neural mechanisms that coordinate the regulation of food and water ingestion behaviors. These mechanisms include peptide signals that modulate neural circuits for both thirst and hunger, neurons that regulate both food and water ingestion, and neurons that integrate sensory information about both food and water in the external world. These studies argue that a deeper understanding of hunger and thirst will require closer examination of how these two biological drives interact.
Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant, and definitive chemoradiation for clinical T2N0 esophageal adenocarcinoma: A propensity score matched analysis from the National Cancer Database analysis.

103Background: To compare overall survival (OS) of T2N0 esophageal adenocarcinomas treated with either upfront surgery (US), neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR), or definitive chemoradiation (DCR) from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: The NCDB was accessed to identify patients with T2N0 esophageal adenocarcinoma treated between 2004-2013 with either US, NCR, or DCR. NCR and DCR patients were included if they were treated with a radiation dose between 45-50.4 Gy and received chemotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed against age and tumor length. Results: After PSM, 446 patients (US 98; NCR 203; DCR 145) were included in the analysis. There was no difference in age, tumor length, and grade. Clinical staging in US patients was accurate pathologically in 32.6% of patients. Median and 5 year OS for US, NCR, and DCR patients was 42.5 months and 40%, 48.5 months and 48%, and 22.9 months and 20%, respectively (p<0.001). There was no difference in OS based on response to NCR compared to...
Trace formulas for perturbations of operators with Hilbert-Schmidt resolvents

Trace formulas for self-adjoint perturbations \(V\) of self-adjoint operators \(H\) such that \(V\) is in Schatten class were obtained in the works of L.S. Koplienko, M.G. Krein, and the joint paper of D. Potapov, A. Skripka and F. Sukochev. In this article, we obtain an analogous trace formula under the assumptions that the perturbation \(V\) is bounded and the resolvent of \(H\) belongs to Hilbert-Schmidt class.
Literacy Difficulties in the Face of Multiple Factors: Using a Team Approach

Because reading and writing are skills with a basis in oral language development, the speech-language-pathologist (SLP) should certainly play a role in intervention for children with literacy diffi...
Designing a Resilience Program for Critical Care Nurses

Background Workplace stress can affect job satisfaction, increase staff turnover and hospital costs, and reduce quality of patient care. Highly resilient nurses adapt to stress and use a variety of skills to cope effectively. Objective To gain data on a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy resilience intervention for intensive care unit nurses to see if the intervention program would be feasible and acceptable. Methods Focus-group interviews were conducted by videoconference with critical care nurses who were members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. The interview questions assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program to reduce burnout syndrome in intensive care unit nurses. Results Thirty-three nurses participated in 11 focus groups. Respondents identified potential barriers to program adherence, incentives for adherence, preferred qualifications of instructors, and intensive care unit-specific issues to be addressed. Conclusions The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy pilot intervention was modified to incorporate thematic categories that the focus groups reported as relevant to intensive care unit nurses. Institutions that wish to design a resilience program for intensive care unit nurses to reduce burnout syndrome need an understanding of the barriers and concerns relevant to their local intensive care unit nurses.
Application of a Fluorescent Multiple Indicator Method to Study Changes in Cardiac Permeability With Chemotherapy

Classical measurements of tissue permeability use radioactive indicators, which are very accurate but also limited by radiation exposure hazards. We have developed a fluorescent multiple indicator dilution method using Texas Red-conjugated Dextran (TR, MW 70,000 Da) as the reference dye, and sodium fluorescein (NaFL, MW 376 Da) as the diffusible dye. The characteristic excitation/emission wavelengths are 485/515 nm for NaFL, and 590/630 nm for TR. By comparing the output profiles of the two dyes versus time using a spectrofluorometer, we can estimate the permeability-surface-area-product (PSP) of the capillary network. We have studied changes in cardiac capillary permeability after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) using our method. Our hypothesis is that DOX treatment will cause endothelial damage and lead to increased cardiac capillary permeability. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control (n= 4) or DOX group (n = 5). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg/kg of either saline solution or DOX on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. On day 12, we performed the isolated heart experiment. In three replicates, we injected 25 μL of the fluorescent mixture above the aortic cannula (12.5 μL each of 1.56 μg/mL TR, 1.56 ng/mL NaFL), and collected output samples for 45 seconds. We measured the samples using a Fluorolog-3® spectrofluorometer. The results showed that the control group had a lower average PSP (0.04±0.01 cm3/s) than the DOX group (0.09±0.01 cm3/s), p<0.05. This indicates that DOX treatment causes an increase in cardiac capillary permeability related to its cardiotoxic effects. The results also show that our fluorescent indicator dilution method is able to sensitively detect changes in cardiac capillary permeability. The applicability of this method is not limited to the isolated heart setup, and the protocol can be adapted for use in other studies of organ or tissue permeability.
Parallel Imaging in Angiography

One of the main goals in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is to acquire data quickly, both to reduce longer scan times to avoid artifacts due to patient motion (for time-of-flight and phase-contrast imaging) and to capture relevant dynamic information (contrast-enhanced MRA). However, the amount of time it takes to generate an MRI image depends directly on the desired spatial resolution. Images with higher spatial resolution require more k-space data, and thus, a longer time is needed to acquire these data. In order to meet both goals of high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution simultaneously, one must look to advanced image acquisition and reconstruction techniques, such as parallel imaging.
Video on the Internet: The Content Question

What is the effect of Internet distribution of digital video on content? Is there evidence that content will be different from what is available through other conduits or will it just be more of the same? Who will be producing it and who will be consuming it? How important will user-generated video content be? These are some of the questions addressed in this essay.
Ferromagnetism in a topological semimetal.

The van der Waals material Fe3–xGeTe2 is shown to be a strong candidate for a ferromagnetic nodal-line semimetal with a very large anomalous Hall effect.
Abstract 15876: Preliminary Investigation of Time-course MRI Assessment for Lesion Maturation Created by a Newly Proposed Scanned Proton Beam Catheter-free Ablation in the Porcine Left Ventricle

Introduction: Particle beams, such as protons, offer unique radiophysical properties that potentially can be used for catheter-free image-guided ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Biophysiological effects on cardiac tissue and the exact time course of tissue changes remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate lesions created in left ventricular (LV) myocardium by scanned proton beams using time-course MRI for lesion assessment. Method: Five normal pigs underwent LV ablation using a single dose of 40Gy. ECG-gated CT scans were acquired and three targets in LV myocardium (in anterior wall, posterior wall and apex) were contoured, estimating contractile target motion. After irradiation, contrast (gadolinium)-enhanced cardiac MRI was obtained every 4 weeks. After a follow-up duration of more than 12 weeks, gross and microscopic pathologic investigations were performed. Results: In total, 15 targets were irradiated. Two of the 15 lesions could be detected with MRI at 4 weeks after irradiation and 11 lesions at 8 weeks. At 12 weeks, all lesions were identified on MRI. Figure A shows a representative case of lesion tracking by MRI and gross pathology outcome. Mean lesion volume on time course MRI at 4, 8, 12 and 16weeks were 0.1±0.2cc, 1.6±1.9cc, 4.1±3.3cc and 4.7±3.6cc, respectively. Figure B shows individual lesion volume tracking and mean lesion volume on time course MRI during the follow-up. In the majority of lesions, lesion size plateaued between 12 and 16 weeks. Conclusion: Scanned proton beams could be used for induction of circumscribed LV lesions that were tracked during follow-up by late-gadolinium enhancement.
Colonic Stool Burden a Useful Surrogate for Slow Transit Constipation as Determined by a Radiopaque Transit Study.

Objectives Plain film abdominal x-ray (AXR) is frequently used in the evaluation of constipation, but studies assessing the association between stool burden on AXR and colonic transit have been limited. We sought to investigate the relationship between colonic stool burden and slow transit constipation, as determined by a radiopaque marker (ROM) transit study. Methods A retrospective cohort population was assembled, consisting of adult patients with chronic constipation who underwent testing with both a ROM study and anorectal manometry at 2 tertiary care centers over 5 years. Stool burden was graded by 2 independent observers, with colonic transit being assessed by the Hinton method. Results Of 361 patients, 145 (40.3%) had slow transit constipation, and women were more likely than men to have slow transit constipation (42.3% vs 26.5%, P = 0.04). The mean stool burden scores by observer 1 and observer 2 for patients with slow transit constipation were significantly higher than the mean stool burden scores for patients with normal transit constipation (8.1 ± 1.6 vs 6.9 ± 1.9, P Conclusions Stool burden assessment on AXR may be a reliable alternative ROM study in the assessment of colonic transit.
Abstract 399: Inhibition of NFE2L2-ARE Pathway by mtROS Contributes to Development of Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Chagas Disease

Aims: We investigated the effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) on nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) transcription factor activity during Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infect...
Gender-confirming Rhinoplasty

Most surgeons who are not routinely treating gender dysphoric patients are more likely to see an isolated rhinoplasty consultation rather than a request for full facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS). Different from other aspects of FGCS, the surgical basis of rhinoplasty is almost the same as for the cisgender population. Despite technical overlap, the care for patients seeking rhinoplasty for the indication of gender dysphoria vastly differs from that for the cisgender population. This review includes comments on gender norms and outline considerations for the preoperative work-up and operative execution as well as a comprehensive literature review.
Middle East and North Africa

The Middle East and North Africa is a region that is difficult to delimit and define, and various authors use different configurations of nation-states to comprise their Middle East and/or North Africa. Being mostly arid, the degradation narrative evolved from the nineteenth-century French colonial presence in North Africa has continued to be used to interpret desertification in arid regions. Hence, conflict over water is common, and water wars are always a possibility, between villagers using an irrigation system or between states sharing the same water basin. Edward Said’s conception of Orientalism was centered mainly on examples of the Middle East, and he contributed as well as an activist for Palestinian rights. The Islamic city model also evolved from Orientalists and can be seen as the loss of past glories, a narrative of loss. More recent urban studies include the influence of Islamic law, waqf (endowed property) documents, and the qibla (direction of pray to Mecca). Rapid urbanization in the region has been fueled by globalization, although the petroleum urbanization of the Gulf represents an unparalleled pace of rapidity and ostentatious urban development. The long-standing Arab–Israeli conflict has engendered a number of perspectives from geographers, including the examination of urbicide and identicide, policies which have been used for the destruction of the urban fabric and cultural identities of the Palestinian people. Gendered space and purdah are prevalent in North Africa and the Middle East, where private and public space tends to have rather distinct boundaries between the sexes. However, the public sphere is changing rapidly, particularly influenced by the new media and the transformation of communications the last several decades.
Epidemiology of SFTS in China

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel emerging virus infection that was first found and reported in Peoples’ Republic of China in 2009 and 2011, respectively. SFTS was later reported in Japan and South Korea, suggesting that SFTS is endemic to East Asian countries. Among these countries, the most SFTS cases have been reported in China. Geographically, SFTS cases have been mainly reported in rural and mountainous areas of the Eastern, Central, and North-Eastern China. So far, the number of SFTS cases has increased and the geographical distribution has expanded in China. From epidemiological studies, it was suggested that various factors including occupation, habit, tick bites, animal contact, environment, meteorological factor, demographic data, clinical symptoms, or laboratory data were associated with SFTS infection or fatal outcome. In this article, epidemiology of SFTS in China is described in detail to assess distributions over time, place, and person.
Ultrafast Active Tuning of the Berreman Mode

The Berreman effect, by which thin films of polar dielectric materials exhibit strong, narrow resonances near their longitudinal optic (LO) phonon frequency, results in strong material interactions...
Studies of Protoplasmic Structure in Spirogyra. VI

Vibrations from tuning forks, direct current of intensities from 0.15 milliamps to 6.00 milliamps, and alternating currents of intensities from 1 to 2 milliamps decrease the elasticity of protoplasm in cells of Spirogyra as evidenced by the observations that centrifugal accelerations displaced the chloroplasts more readily in cells exposed to the above stimulants than in cells which were not so exposed.We are deeply grateful to Mr. Jack Gottlieb who was employed on N. Y. A. for aid in obtaining the data.
"My English is its own rule" : Voicing a translingual sensibility through poetry

As part of an ethnographic study of a secondary English Language Arts classroom, one teacher took a critical translingual approach to curriculum and instruction, encouraging students to engage in t...
Smart-Genie: An IoT-enabled Predictive Health Monitoring System for Power Generators

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology seamlessly integrates physical devices with the digital world, thus enabling us to remotely sense, analyze and control physical parameters with minimal human interaction. This smart ecosystem, being nurtured by the exponentially growing IoT systems, fosters efficient and automated decision-making, user-friendly operations through remote management, real-time situational awareness, and cost-effective predictive maintenance. Engine- generators (Gensets) extend electrical power in remote field areas and also offer a backup power service in case of temporary power outages. Monitoring of Gensets is an integral component of the management program of any organization. A dependable remote monitoring technique is always preferred over manual and on-site methods as the former provides a real-time and automated assessment of Genset's health conditions, thus enabling condition-based maintenance through predictive reporting of performance deteriorations. This research presents Smart-Genie, an indigenously-developed and IoT-driven automated solution for remote health monitoring of Gensets. Our solution can easily be integrated with existing ‘dumb-generators', thus equipping maintenance personnel to remotely monitor and analyze its health-conditions in real-time through a rich set of parameters. The observed parameters are reported to the authorized staff over the internet, through an android-based GUI (GenMonitor). Smart-Genie was deployed on field generators at our university campus for a trial period. The parameters reported by the system proved very useful in predictive identification of generators' malfunctions, besides significantly reducing operators' workload.
Association Between Changes in Parental Medicaid Vision Coverage and Child Use of Vision Care.

Abstract Objective Many low-income children do not receive regular vision care despite the fact that all state Medicaid programs cover these services. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether children were more likely to have at least one past-year eye doctor visit when their parents gained Medicaid vision benefits. Other indicators of child vision care access (ie, unmet needs for glasses and difficulty seeing) and eye doctor visits among Medicaid-enrolled parents were also assessed. Methods Difference-in-differences regression analysis leveraged within-state changes to Medicaid adult vision benefits. Study samples included 17,345 children with a Medicaid-enrolled parent and 12,219 parents with Medicaid coverage interviewed during the 2000 to 2013 National Health Interview Survey. Results Providing Medicaid adult vision coverage was associated with a 5.4 percentage point increase (P = .009) in having at least one past-year eye doctor visit among parents and a 2.8 percentage point increase (P = .01) in this measure among children. These estimates represent increases of 22% and 14%, respectively, relative to unadjusted parent and child visit rates over the study period. These effects appeared to be concentrated among older children ages 12 to 17. Estimates for the other measures of child access to vision care were not statistically significant. Conclusions Providing adult vision benefits was associated with having at least one past-year eye doctor visit among low-income children, and may help to reduce income-based disparities in children's receipt of vision care. This research adds to the limited evidence base on the role of public policy in increasing access to vision services.
Incentives and barriers to pursuing pediatric emergency medicine fellowship: A cross-sectional survey of emergency residents.

Background Pediatric emergency physicians complete either a pediatric or emergency residency before fellowship training. Fewer emergency graduates are pursuing a pediatric emergency fellowship during the past decade, and the reasons for this decrease are unclear. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore emergency residents' incentives and barriers to pursuing a fellowship in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). Methods This was a cross-sectional survey-based study. In 2016, we emailed the study survey to all Emergency Medicine Residents' Association (EMRA) members. Survey questions included respondents' interest in a PEM fellowship and perceived incentives and barriers to PEM. Results Of 6620 EMRA members in 2016, 322 (5.0%) responded to the survey. Respondents were 59.6% male, with a mean age of 30.6 years. A total of 105 respondents (32.6%) were in their first year of emergency medicine residency, 92 (28.6%) were in their second year, 77 (23.9%) were in their third year, and 48 (14.9%) were in their fourth or fifth year. A total of 102 (31.8%) respondents planned to pursue fellowship training, whereas 120 (37.4%) were undecided. A total of 140 (43.8%) respondents reported considering a PEM fellowship at some point. Among these respondents, the most common incentives for PEM fellowship were (1) a desire to improve pediatric care in community emergency departments (86, 26.7%), (2) to develop an academic focus (54, 16.8%), and (3) because a mentor encouraged a PEM fellowship (40, 12.4%). A perceived lack of financial benefit (142, 44.1%) and length of PEM fellowship training (89, 27.6%) were the most commonly reported barriers. Conclusion In a cross-sectional survey of EMRA members, almost half of the respondents considered a PEM fellowship. PEM leaders who want to promote emergency medicine to pediatric emergency residents will need to leverage the incentives and mitigate the perceived barriers to a PEM fellowship to increase the number of emergency residency applicants.
Repression by the Arabidopsis TOPLESS corepressor requires association with the core Mediator complex

Abstract The plant corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) is recruited to a large number of loci that are selectively induced in response to developmental or environmental cues, yet the mechanisms by which it inhibits expression in the absence of these stimuli is poorly understood. Previously, we had used the N-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana TPL to enable repression of a synthetic auxin response circuit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Here, we leveraged the yeast system to interrogate the relationship between TPL structure and function, specifically scanning for repression domains. We identified a potent repression domain in Helix 8 located within the CRA domain, which directly interacted with the Mediator middle domain subunits Med21 and Med10. Interactions between TPL and Mediator were required to fully repress transcription in both yeast and plants. In contrast, we found that multimer formation, a conserved feature of many corepressors, had minimal influence on the repression strength of TPL.