cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zinc-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene dimers as structural components in a two-dimensional MOF

The synthesis of a two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) is described wherein Zn-seamed pyrogallol[4]arene (PgCx) nanocapsules are utilized as supramolecular building blocks with 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) linkers. The choice of linker and of crystallization solvent (DMSO) was guided by electronic structure calculations on the zinc model complexes Zn(C2H3O2)2L, which showed that bpy and DMSO have similar Zn–L binding strengths and that there is little drop-off in binding strength when bpy is bound to a second Zn(C2H3O2)2 moiety. The MOF features unusual coordination geometries at the zinc centres along the nanocapsular periphery when compared to previous examples of zinc-seamed nanocapsules. The change in coordination geometry leads to a compulsory change in the internal volume of the nanocapsule as well as the behaviour of the encapsulated guest molecule. There are also several well defined voids and channels within the structure.
An automatic gain control circuit with TiO 2 memristor variable gain amplifier

An automatic gain control (AGC) topology with a variable gain amplifier (VGA) utilizing a titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) memristor is described. A system analysis technique is developed based on recently published physical memristor models and unique properties of the passive device. A linearized feedback loop amplitude model is used to design the AGC and the performance is verified with SPICE simulation including a TiO 2 memristor SPICE model.
Evidence on agglomeration economies, diseconomies, and growth

Conventional urban economic analysis suggests that a local economy's size is closely related to a number of features, including levels of human capital and the availability of specialized inputs, which are likely to influence positively the rate at which it accumulates further economic activity. At the same time, urban theory also suggests that once cities reach a certain level of size, these agglomeration benefits begin to peter out, while diseconomies rise rapidly. Consequently, we should see an ‘inverted U-shaped’ pattern of growth with respect to economic size—rates of growth first rise, then fall as size increases. This paper shows that, while such a pattern is largely absent from recent data on growth in metropolitan area population and employment, it emerges strikingly in county-level data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Analysis of the EWS/ETS Target Gene Uridine Phosphorylase

The EWS/ETS fusion proteins associated with Ewings family tumors (EFTs) are thought to promote oncogenesis by acting as aberrant transcription factors. Uridine phosphorylase is a gene that is up-regulated by structurally distinct EWS/ETS fusions. Ectopic expression of uridine phosphorylase was able to support anchorage-independent cell growth, indicating that it plays an active role in the oncogenic process. Transcriptional up-regulation of uridine phosphorylase is shown to be mediated in a DNA binding-dependent manner, and reporter gene assays demonstrated that EWS/FLI1 and RAS mediate activation through a single activator protein 1/ETS site located in the uridine phosphorylase promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that EWS/FLI1 directly associates with the uridine phosphorylase promoter in vivo. Up-regulation of uridine phosphorylase by EWS/FLI1 sensitizes cells to growth inhibition by the pyrimidine analogue, 5'-deoxy-5'fluorouridine, both in tissue culture and in vivo model systems.
Group and solo robberies: Do accomplices shape criminal form?

Robbery is frequently committed in groups, yet previous literature gives only passing attention to the role of co-offending. The effects of co-offenders on criminal decisions and the form crime takes when committed by groups are largely unknown. Drawing on individual interviews with convicted robbers, offenders who committed their crime alone are compared with those who co-offended. The study considered whether the presence of accomplices significantly affected perceptions of planning, control, victim selection, and victim cooperation. Findings revealed that group interaction shapes the decision to commit crime. Co-offending increased planning and the sense of control that offenders experienced during the robbery. No evidence was found to indicate that crime with co-offenders changed the way robbery victims were selected.
Functionalized nanopipettes: toward label-free, single cell biosensors

Nanopipette technology has been proven to be a label-free biosensor capable of identifying DNA and proteins. The nanopipette can include specific recognition elements for analyte discrimination based on size, shape, and charge density. The fully electrical read-out and the ease and low-cost fabrication are unique features that give this technology an enormous potential. Unlike other biosensing platforms, nanopipettes can be precisely manipulated with submicron accuracy and used to study single cell dynamics. This review is focused on creative applications of nanopipette technology for biosensing. We highlight the potential of this technology with a particular attention to integration of this biosensor with single cell manipulation platforms.
Mapping of total ozone from space

UV remote sensing has led to a better understanding of the roles of chemistry and dynamics in atmospheric ozone. This paper deals with the satellite techniques for mapping the horizontal distribution of total ozone.
Measurement of ocular torsion after macular translocation: disc fovea angle and Maddox rod.

Abstract Purpose To compare two methods of measuring ocular torsion (the subjective Maddox rod [MR] test versus the objective disc-fovea angle [DFA] test) after macular translocation surgery. Methods Ocular torsion was measured on consecutive patients after macular translocation at Duke University Eye Center between August 2001 and April 2002. Both MR and DFA measurements of torsion were made at the same clinic visit 4 to 8 weeks after the translocation surgery and again within 3 months after extraocular muscle surgery to decrease torsion. MR and DFA measurements were each performed by a separate examiner who was blinded to the results of the other method. Results Thirty-five patients (35 eyes) were included for evaluation. Twenty-nine of these patients had intorsion measured by both MR and DFA after macular translocation but before extraocular muscle surgery (MR mean of 40.3 + 7.2 degrees v DFA mean of 47.0 + 7.9 degrees [ P v DFA of mean 4.8 + 7.0 degrees). There was good correlation between MR and DFA measurements of torsion ( r 2 = 0.9). Conclusions DFA measurement correlates well with MR measurement of torsion in patients after full macular translocation. This study verifies the reproducibility of MR to measure large angles of torsion and offers DFA as a simple corroborative test for measuring ocular torsion in patients with poor vision or cooperation.
Dynamic assembly of polymer nanotube networks via kinesin powered microtubule filaments.

We describe for the first time how biological nanomotors may be used to actively self-assemble mesoscale networks composed of diblock copolymer nanotubes. The collective force generated by multiple kinesin nanomotors acting on a microtubule filament is large enough to overcome the energy barrier required to extract nanotubes from polymer vesicles comprised of poly(ethylene oxide-b-butadiene) in spite of the higher force requirements relative to extracting nanotubes from lipid vesicles. Nevertheless, large-scale polymer networks were dynamically assembled by the motors. These networks displayed enhanced robustness, persisting more than 24 h post-assembly (compared to 4–5 h for corresponding lipid networks). The transport of materials in and on the polymer membranes differs substantially from the transport on analogous lipid networks. Specifically, our data suggest that polymer mobility in nanotubular structures is considerably different from planar or 3D structures, and is stunted by 1D confinement of the polymer subunits. Moreover, quantum dots adsorbed onto polymer nanotubes are completely immobile, which is related to this 1D confinement effect and is in stark contrast to the highly fluid transport observed on lipid tubules.
Analysis of a Small, Vigorous Mesoscale Convective System in a Low-Shear Environment. Part I: Formation, Radar Echo Structure, and Lightning Behavior

The evolution of a small, vigorous mesoscale convective system (MCS) over northern Alabama is described using Doppler radar, GOES satellite, surface mesonet, lightning, and sounding data. The MCS formed near noon in a relatively unstable environment having weak synoptic forcing and weak shear. The initiation of separate lines and clusters of deep convection occurred in regions exhibiting cumulus cloud streets, horizontal variations in stratocumulus cloud cover, and variations in inferred soil moisture. MCS growth via merger of storms within clusters and lines, and among the clusters, was accomplished largely through intersection of storm-scale and mesoscale outflow boundaries. The MCS maximum anvil area (;60 000 km2 at 220 K) and lifetime (8 h) were about 50% that of the typical Great Plains mesoscale convective complex (MCC). Despite its smaller size, this MCS displayed many aspects that typify the mostly nocturnal Great Plains MCS. The precipitation output was highly variable due to the transient nature of the intense convective elements, many of which produced microbursts. The radar measurements documented the formation of a stratiform region along the trailing side of an intense convective line. This stratiform region formed as decaying convective cores coalesced, rather than through advection of precipitation particles directly from the convective region. Combined GOES IR imagery and radar reflectivity analyses within the stratiform region show a sinking anvil cloud top in the presence of increases in the vertical radar reflectivity gradient within the cloud during the maturation of the stratiform region. During its intense developing stages, the MCS generated a peak cloud-to-ground (CG) flash rate of 2400 h 21, comparable to rates produced by larger MCCs. Early on, positive CG flashes were most prevalent around intense convective core regions exhibiting strong divergence at anvil level. During the latter stages, the emergence of positive CG was coincident with the formation of a prominent radar bright band within the stratiform region. Thus, a bipole was established, but its length was quite short at approximately 50 km, 25%‐50% of the distance documented in other MCSs.
Assessment of Nitrogen Source, Sulfur, and Fall Fungicide Applications on the Management of Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass

Spring dead spot, caused by species of Ophiosphaerella, is the most serious disease of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) in regions where cold temperatures induce winter dormancy. Previous research indicates that soil pH reduction may reduce spring dead spot severity. Of the 165 isolates collected from 16 sites in Missouri and surrounding regions, Ophiosphaerella herpotricha was the most prominent spring dead spot pathogen found, with 154 confirmed isolates. Ten isolates were identified as O. korrae, being detected at a low incidence at 6 of 16 sites. In in vitro assays, most mycelial growth of both species occurred from pH 5 to 6, with more growth on calcium-nitrate-amended media than ammonium sulfate. In a naturally infested field study, nitrogen source alone did not affect spring dead spot severity. Less spring dead spot severity (P < 0.05) was observed in plots receiving tebuconazole but no treatment provided more than 38% control after 1 year. Three sulfur applications (each at 98 kg ha−1) provided as much...
A Clinical Tool for Measuring Functional Axial Rotation

Background and Purpose. Motion of the neck and back accompany many daily functional activities. Available range of motion is usually measured regionally and within single planes of motion. This report describes a device and measurement technique that can be used to quantify axial motion in a functionally relevant context. Functional axial rotation (FAR) refers to the available motion that persons use to turn toward the posterior, without regard to the plane of motion; FAR-p refers to the physical motion available, and FAR-v refers to the ability to identify objects. Subjects. Nine men and eight women, aged 20 to 74 years, participated. Methods. Functional axial rotation was determined for each subject. The seated subjects were measured on 2 different days to determine test-retest reliability. Fifteen subjects were measured by two different examiners on the same day to determine interrater reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to determine reliability. Results. The FAR-p ranged from 78 to 190 degrees; FAR-v ranged from 135 to 250 degrees. Test-retest reliability of FAR-p and FAR-v was excellent (ICC[1,1] values of .95 and .90, respectively, to the right and equivalent to the left). Interrater reliability likewise was excellent, with ICC(2,1) values of .97 to the right and equivalent to the left. Conclusions and Discussion. Functional axial rotation provides one means of quantifying a patient's axial motion as it would be used in functional context. The FAR device is easy to construct and portable. Measurement of FAR provides the clinician with reliable information regarding the patient's functional use of available spinal motion, combined with visual ability.
The Implications of the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard Program for Farm Structure

This study investigates the extent to which the 2005 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has affected farm structure, in particular farm size. Our empirical strategy relies on the opening of an ethanol plant in a farmer’s local neighborhood. We identify the effect of the RFS on the size of farms located in the vicinity of new ethanol plants. Using a unique farm-level panel dataset from the June Agricultural Survey (JAS), the empirical estimation employs two difference-in-difference (DD) propensity score matching models, one prior to the RFS mandate and one incorporating the RFS program, to estimate an average treatment effect on farm size of an ethanol production facility. We then measure the effect of the RFS program on farmland structure as the difference between these two DD matching estimators. Overall, our results suggest that the RFS program raised the probability of farm size increase by roughly 12 to 18%, on average, for farms located within a 30-mile radius of new ethanol plants. In addition, the program contributed to a net increase in farm size of 25 to 32%, on average, for those spatially advantaged farms.
1,2-Bis{bis­[4-(trifluoro­meth­yl)phen­yl]phosphino}ethane

Crystals of the title compound, C30H20F12P2 or R2PCH2CH2PR2 (R = 4-C6H4CF3), were inadvertently prepared while attempting to recrystallize a crude sample of trans-Re(Cl)(N2)(R2PCH2CH2PR2)2 from diethyl ether. The molecule lies on a center of inversion. One of the rings lies approximately in the P—C—C—P plane; the dihedral angle is 174.53°.The other ring is not quite perpendicular; the dihedral angle is 71.1°. The compound is isostructural with the R = Ph, 4-C6H4CH3 and 4-C6H4CH2CH3 analogues. It is well known that the basicity of phosphines and diphosphines can be altered by changing the electron-donating ability of R; however, the structural parameters for the title compound do not significantly differ from those of the aforementioned substituted-phenyl compounds.
Health Perceptions and Quality of Life among Low-Income Adults

Marginalized populations may be predisposed to poor health outcomes due to health dis parities. Although much of the research on health and quality of life is from the perspective of the impact of clinical diagnosis, there is a need for more diverse inquiries and recognition of the individuals' perceptions and preferences. The present study examined the importance of an individual's perception of his or her current health in predicting quality of life over and beyond the presence of physical or mental health conditions. The sample included 150 low-income adults, of which 84.7 percent were African American and 15.4 percent were of another minority race or ethnicity. Participants had an average monthly income of $703. Having a better perception of health was significantly associated with increased quality of life scores. Subjective perceptions of current health were a better predictor of quality of life than the presence of a serious physical or mental health condition. The article ends with a discussion of appropriate interventions to improve health perceptions in similar populations predisposed to poor health outcomes.
Reconfigurable self-timed regenerators for wide-range voltage scaled interconnect

A reconfigurable self-timed regenerator based global interconnect scheme enables graceful degradation of performance and power in wide range dynamic voltage/frequency scaled systems. A test chip demonstrates up to 40% and 25% better performance scaling than a traditional repeater based interconnect at 1V and 0.5V, respectively, in 45nm SOI CMOS.
Strain Rate Effect on Properties of Rubberized Concrete Confined with Glass Fiber–Reinforced Polymers

AbstractRubberized concrete possesses viscous damping that is higher than that of conventional concrete, making it a promising candidate for construction in high seismic regions. Confining rubberized concrete with glass fiber–reinforced polymers (GFRP) may result in superior performance. This paper investigates the behavior of rubberized-concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes (RCFFT) under different strain rates. The rubberized concrete had 0, 10, and 20% volume replacement of fine aggregate with shredded rubber. Each test specimen’s behavior was compared to that of conventional concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes (CFFT). The GFRP tubes were fabricated using wet-layup with different numbers of GFRP layers. Three different strain rates (representing static, earthquake, and severe earthquakes) were used to test these specimens under cyclic axial loading. The RCFFT behaved in a manner that was similar to conventional CFFTs. The rubberized concrete’s confinement limited the reduction in the...
Notes from the Road More Traveled: Doing Theology in a US Cultural Context

One of the most significant consequences of Vatican II has been the worldwide effort at inculturation and contextualization of the Christian tradition, particularly at the level of foundational theology and method. This process implies drawing on the unique patterns of thought, social structures, cultural narratives, and rituals to develop new theological and pastoral sensibilities. This process, termed “prophetic dialogue” by Steve Bevans and Roger Schroeder, [1] seems to be dramatically underway practically everywhere in the Roman Catholic world except, most notably, in the United States. While Hispanics/Latin@s, African Americans, Asian Americans, feminists, etc., have continuously served with an awareness of the need for contextualization, Euro-American academic and ecclesial theology has largely failed to analyze, articulate, and critique its own US cultural context and to engage it in a serious evangelical and theological dialogue. In this article, I propose to offer what I believe are four significant insights about to the task of inculturation/contextualization as it relates particularly to Euro-American theology in the church and academy in the coming decade. [1] Stephen B. Bevans And Roger P. Schroeder, Constant in Context: A Theology of Mission for Today, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004, 385-95. See also Bevans and Schroeder , Prophetic Dialogue: Reflections on Christian Mission Today, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2011 .
Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in leek by Gas chromatography after cryogenic and phosphoric acid treatment

Objective:To develop a new method to detect ten organophosphorus pesticides residue in leek.Methods: The frozen leek were treated with a phosphoric acid—assisted to inactivate enzymes,the samples were extracted with acetonitrile.The extract was cleaned up with Na2CO3/CARB/NH2 column and detected using gas chromatography with flame photometric detector(GC—FPD).Results: The linear range was 0.05 μg/ml~1.00 μg/ml(r=0.9996~1.0000).The recovery range was 64.9%~106.3%.RSD was 0.8%~5.8%.Conclusion: The method is simple and convenient for analyzing organophosphorus pesticide residues in Leek.
FEA based prediction of weld dimension in new DE-GMAW process

Double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW)is a novel arc welding process with high efficiency.In DE-GMAW,the MAG arc is the main arc while the TIG arc is a bypass arc.Because the TIG arc takes away some current,the current flowed on the base metal is decreased based on the premise that the total current is constant.Thus,the deposition rate can be guaranteed and the heat input to the base metal is reduced.The high deposition rate and high speed welding could be realized in DE-GMAW.With considering the process characteristics of the new DE-GMAW,a finite element analysis(FEA) model is developed through extending the function of software SYSWELD,simplifying the processing method of weld reinforcement,and proposing the corresponding mode of welding heat source.Based on the FEA results of temperature profile in DE-GMAW,the weld dimension at cross section and temperature distribution are obtained.The predicted and experimental measured results match well,which lays the foundation for the process optimization of DE-GMAW.
Pragmatic inferences in context: learning to interpret contrastive prosody.

Can preschoolers make pragmatic inferences based on the intonation of an utterance? Previous work has found that young children appear to ignore intonational meanings and come to understand contrastive intonation contours only after age six. We show that four-year-olds succeed in interpreting an English utterance, such as “It LOOKS like a zebra”, to derive a conversational implicature, namely [but it isn't one], as long as they can access a semantically stronger alternative, in this case “It's a zebra”. We propose that children arrive at the implicature by comparing such contextually provided alternatives. Contextually leveraged inferences generalize across speakers and contexts, and thus drive the acquisition of intonational meanings. Our findings show that four-year-olds and adults are able to bootstrap their interpretation of the contrast-marking intonation by taking into account alternative utterances produced in the same context.
Next-Generation Proficiency Testing.

This commentary highlights the article by Davies et al that demonstrates the feasibility of applying proficiency testing directly to the postsequencing analysis of next-generation sequencing data.
Advances in bioanalytical techniques to measure steroid hormones in serum

Steroid hormones are measured clinically to determine if a patient has a pathological process occurring in the adrenal gland, or other hormone responsive organs. They are very similar in structure making them analytically challenging to measure. Additionally, these hormones have vast concentration differences in human serum adding to the measurement complexity. GC-MS was the gold standard methodology used to measure steroid hormones clinically, followed by radioimmunoassay, but that was replaced by immunoassay due to ease of use. LC-MS/MS has now become a popular alternative owing to simplified sample preparation than for GC-MS and increased specificity and sensitivity over immunoassay. This review will discuss these methodologies and some new developments that could simplify and improve steroid hormone analysis in serum.
Are social studies methods textbooks preparing teachers to support students with disabilities in social studies classrooms

Abstract Many social studies methods textbooks are making progress in including information on disabilities. This study, however, raises the question of what kind of information would be most useful to pre-service teachers, as they get closer to entering their own classrooms. Do social studies methods textbooks adequately prepare pre-service teachers for teaching students with disabilities? We found that while a handful of textbooks incorporate meaningful information on social studies and disabilities, many textbooks still provide inadequate information despite the recent dissemination of relevant studies and the large number of inclusion students in today׳s social studies classrooms.
Data Acquisition in Wireless Router Link Testbed using GNU Radio Companion

A IEEE802.11g WLAN wireless-router link testbed is under development at the Idaho National Laboratory-Wireless Research Center. The project objective is to generate repeatable, high-quality, controlled-noise wireless transmissions for software-defined radio (SDR) analysis and research. Signal acquisition for the data link will include both an USRP X310 (with GNU Radio Companion) in parallel with a Tektronix RSA 306a Spectrum Analyzer. The integration and validation of the the SDR is described. Preliminary results indicate the router test-bed comprised of readilyavailable Wi-Fi and RF hardware will provide low-noise, and repeatable signal captures.
Did the Affordable Care Act's Dependent Coverage Expansion Affect Race/Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage?

Objective To test the impact of the dependent coverage expansion (DCE) on insurance disparities across race/ethnic groups. Data Sources/Study Setting Survey data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Study Design Triple-difference (DDD) models were applied to repeated cross-sectional surveys of the U.S. adult population. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Data from 6 years (2008–2013) of the NSDUH were combined. Principal Findings Following the DCE, the relative odds of insurance increased 1.5 times (95 percent CI 1.1, 1.9) among whites compared to blacks and 1.4 times (95 percent CI 1.1, 1.8) among whites compared to Hispanics. Conclusions Health reform efforts, such as the DCE, can have negative effects on race/ethnic disparities, despite positive impacts in the general population.
The Cushioning Benefits of Biased Beliefs

We present a model of dynamic investment and production in which producers may have biased beliefs in which they overextrapolate recent demand conditions into the future. This bias leads producers' beliefs to exhibit insufficient mean reversion, as these producers underestimate the degree of mean reversion in the demand process. In a volatile industry, while biased beliefs lead firms to make sub-optimal investment decisions in the short-run, they can be beneficial in the long-run by counteracting the general trend in the industry, "cushioning" the industry against prolonged downturns and aiding faster recovery. As an empirical case study, we consider oil exploration in Alaska. We present evidence that firms in this industry were subject to extrapolation bias, leading to drilling of lower-profit wells after recent price increases. Calibration of our model to Alaska oil exploration shows that the cushioning effect can be large: in a typical episode of oil price decline arising from a sequence of adverse demand shocks, the cushioning effect reduces the decline of the oil price by 8.2% and accelerates the price recovery by 27%. This showcases the potential positive implications that biased beliefs can have on industry dynamics.
Culture in Clinical Supervision: Research and Evidence

This chapter provides a review of the varied research that explores how to address culture in supervision and the experiences of supervisors and supervisees when they deal with culture in supervision. It is part of a larger systematic review of the supervision literature. The research about supervision is primarily survey-based and case studies. The main themes that emerge from this research are outlined here and best practices are outlined.
The One-Woman Band

It's springtime in Greensboro, North Carolina. The grass needs mowing, there are leaves on the trees, and Simpson's clouds float in a cheerful blue sky. Morning sun warms the dashboard of a white Dodge minivan peacefully motoring down the road along with all the other minivans carpooling to work and school. Shaken loose from under the seats—papers, plates, old fast-food wrappers, and drink cups bounce around on the floor. A tennis shoe moves off the gas pedal to kick a brightly colored cardboard sandwich box back out of sight. Behind the wheel, Heidi McGuire is thinking about spring cleaning, blooming flowers, and a fresh coat of paint to brighten the day. She's not thinking about cleaning the minivan or painting the house; she's planning how to shoot today's story .
Hyperspectral Estimation of Leaf Area Index of Winter Wheat Based on Akaike’s Information Criterion

Leaf Area Index (LAI) is an important parameter for assessing the crop growth and winter wheat yield prediction. The objectives of this study were(1) to establish and verify a model for the LAI of winter wheat, where the regression models, extended the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) and (ii) to compare the performance of proposed models GRA-LSSVM-AIC. Spectral reflectance of leaves and concurrent LAI parameters of samples were acquired in Tongzhou and Shunyi districts, Beijing city, China, during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 winter wheat growth seasons. In the combined model, GRA was used to analyse the correlation between vegetation index and LAI, LSSVM was used to conduct regression analysis according to the GRA for different vegetation index order of the number of independent variables, AIC was used to select the optimal models in LSSVM models. Our results indicated that GRA-LSSVM-AIC optimal models came out robust LAI evaluation (R = 0.81 and 0.80, RMSE = 0.765 and 0.733, individually). The GRA-LSSVM-AIC had higher applicability between different years and achieved prediction of LAI estimation of winter wheat between regional and annual levels, and had a wide range of potential applications.
“You Are Instead a Gift”: Pope Francis’s Response to Global Migration and the Refugee Crisis

In an era marked by record levels of migration, Pope Francis counters contemporary anti-immigrant sentiment through his rhetoric, writing, and symbolic actions, reimaging unfavorable attitudes toward migrants. Francis’s speeches and pronouncements characterize migrants as a “gift” to receiving countries and as having “the face of God and flesh of Christ.” Francis has accompanied Syrian refugees from Greece to Italy as a “gesture of welcome” and washed the feet of Muslim, Orthodox, Hindu, and Catholic refugees at Holy Thursday services. His international travel choices are guided in part by the desire to greet migrants in their receiving/host environments and to address the anti-immigrant environments they inhabit. Francis links the destruction of migrants’ places of origin and their need to migrate with an unequal distribution of resources, disregard for the planet’s resources by capitalism run rampant, and conflict fanned by intolerance and greed. In restructuring Vatican offices, Francis has raised the prominence of migration, placing it in a new Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development that reports directly to him. However, despite the Pope’s attention to migrants and his effort to change the frame in which migrants are viewed, the chapter finds limited impact to date of the “Francis Effect” on Catholics’ views on migration.
Important Considerations When Selecting a Risk Assessment Tool.

ABSTRACTMeasurement is an integral part of many disciplines, ranging from the social, healthcare/medical, to management sciences. The field of psychometrics has had a wide-ranging impact in the varied disciplines housed within psychology (e.g., clinical, developmental, etc.) as researchers and test developers aim to construct, refine, and modify their instruments. Given that test validation is a key component in furnishing evidence of validity, the intent of this nontechnical article is to reinforce (or serve as a reminder) for the applied audience the necessary efforts in optimizing the psychometric properties of their measurement tool. This article will be couched as a “lessons learned” document, primarily covering construct and criterion validity, but also, reliability estimation, and then finally, a comment about the confluence of null hypothesis significance testing, sample size and effect size and its relationship to psychometric testing.
Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma: Principles of Identification and Management

The first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a potent anti-myeloma drug that now figures prominently in the management of patients with both newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma. With current studies evaluating its efficacy as part of conditioning prior to and maintenance therapy following autologous stem cell transplantation, it is likely that its role in the management of the disease will expand further. Peripheral neuropathy was recognized as a toxicity associated with bortezomib at an early point in the clinical development of the agent, and further study has provided considerable insight regarding this issue. It is critical that clinicians recognize and appropriately manage bortezomib-induced PN to optimize care for patients. This chapter focuses on the identification, characterization, and management of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Physiological Adaptations in Nitrogen-fixing Nostoc-Plant Symbiotic Associations

Nostoc species establish nitrogen-fixing symbiotic associations with representatives of the four main lineages of terrestrial plants: bryophyte hornworts and liverworts, the pteridophyte fern Azolla, gymnosperm cycads, and the angiosperm genus Gunnera. However, the plant partners represent only narrowly selected groups within these lineages. The plant partner benefits by the acquisition of fixed nitrogen, but the benefits to the Nostoc partner are unclear. Thus, the associations are considered a commensal form of symbiosis. A working hypothesis of this chapter is that these associations evolved as the lineage of the plant partner emerged. Inherent in this hypothesis is that the plant partners may have evolved different regulatory signals and targets in control of the Nostoc partner. The physiological interactions between the two partners can be modeled as a two-step process. First is the establishment of an association and involves the differentiation and behavior of motile hormogonium filaments, the infective units. Hormogonium formation is essential, but not singularly sufficient for establishment of an association. Second is the development of a functional nitrogen-fixing association involving the differentiation and behavior of heterocysts, the functional units. Heterocysts are the cellular sites of nitrogen fixation, protecting nitrogenase from inactivation by oxygen. The symbiotic growth state of Nostoc spp. is characterized by a reduced rate of growth, depressed carbon dioxide and ammonium assimilation, transition to a heterotrophic metabolic mode, an elevated heterocyst frequency, and an enhanced rate of nitrogen fixation. In all but one association (cycads), dinitrogen-derived ammonium is made available to the plant partner. Physiological measurements indicate that different reactions of Nostoc photosynthetic carbon dioxide and ammonium assimilation are modulated by the various plant partners. These results appear to support the working hypothesis and indicate that different mechanisms may be operational, allowing for manipulation of different strategies in engineering new plant partners for symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Roles of Androgen Receptor Coregulators and Cell Signaling in the Regulation of Androgen-Responsive Genes

Androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the ligand activated transcription factor family. Its function is regulated by a complex network of coregulatory proteins and cell signaling pathways. AR is a key transcription factor in healthy prostate function and during neoplastic transformation. In normal prostate, it regulates prostate secretory function, stimulates epithelial cell renewal, and maintains the cells in a differentiated state. However, under certain circumstances AR function loses its differentiating thrust and proliferative function becomes dominant. Changes in coregulator expression and alteration of cell signaling pathways may contribute to changes in androgen-dependent AR action and play a major role in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Spatial Effects and Oscillations in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions

Mathematical models of heterogeneous catalytic reactions are usually based on the assumption of uniformity of the catalyst surface and of the rates of processes which occur thereon. Exceptions are those models which examine the possibility of the formation of islands of chemisorbed species [1] and of symmetry-breaking instabilities [2–7]. Furthermore, experimental observations and measurements of local states on a catalytic surface generally cannot be made. Consequently, most measurements are made of the bulk fluid state, although there have been experimental studies in which in-situ measurements at normal pressures have been reported of surface concentrations, contact potential and temperature. (See, for example, references [9–14]).
Xenotropic type C viruses.

Viruses, now classified as type C RNA viruses (Bernhard, 1960), were first recognized in the early 1900s as the transmissible agents that gave rise to lymphomas and sarcomas in avian species (Ellerman and Bang, 1908; Rous, 1911). This early identification of cancer viruses sparked off the search for similar agents in many animal species including human. It took almost 50 years, however, before a mammalian virus with the same properties and morphology as the avian viruses was discovered. Ludwik Gross (1951), working with the AKR inbred strain of laboratory mice, transferred extracts of spontaneous lymphomas from these mice to newborn C3H/Bi mice and induced lymphatic leukemias. After several passages of these tumors, he isolated the Gross passage A virus. Soon after the discovery of the Gross virus, the Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher murine leukemia viruses, designated as subgroup FMR, were isolated from transplantable mouse tumors which had been used in research for many years (for review, see Gross, 1970). These laboratory strains of murine type C viruses shared common serologic properties and had a different type-specific envelope antigen than the Gross-AKR virus. Whether the FMR viruses exist in nature remains unclear; all mouse type C viruses subsequently recovered directly from laboratory strains of mice and passed in mouse cells have had the Gross-AKR type-specific envelope antigen (Hartley et al., 1969).
Adaptive dynamic checkpointing for safe efficient intermittent computing

Energy-harvesting devices have the potential to be the foundation of emerging, sensor-rich application domains where the use of batteries is infeasible, such as in space and civil infrastructure. Programming on an energy-harvesting device is difficult because the device operates only intermittently, as energy is available. Intermittent operation requires the programmer to reason about energy to understand data consistency and forward progress of their program. Energy varies with input and environment, making intermittent programming difficult. Existing systems for intermittent execution provide an unfamiliar programming abstraction and fail to adapt to energy changes forcing a compromise of either performance or assurance of forward progress.This paper presents Chinchilla, a compiler and runtime system that allows running unmodified C code efficiently on an energy-harvesting device with little additional programmer effort and no additional hardware support. Chinchilla overprovisions code with checkpoints to assure the system makes progress, even with scarce energy. Chinchilla disables checkpoints dynamically to efficiently adapt to energy conditions. Experiments show that Chinchilla improves programmability, is performant, and makes it simple to statically check the absence of non-termination. Comparing to two systems from prior work, Alpaca and Ratchet, Chinchilla makes progress when Alpaca cannot, and has 125% mean speedup against Ratchet.
Analysis of frequency domain watermarking techniques in presence of geometric and simple attacks

Protection of manuscript accessible online is always an apprehension for researchers. Many ideas had come up for copyright protection and authentication of such documents. One of the admired keys to provide safety to the owner’s data is digital watermarking. It is the process of hiding the secret message (text, audio, image, logo, signature) into the document for providing authentication. A watermarking mechanism is said to be effectual if it offers high imperceptibility, robustness against attacks, security and last but not the least has the high correlation value of extracted watermark with the original one. Numerous survey papers are available in literature taking only a few techniques or parameters into account, but this paper takes almost all frequency domain (standalone and hybrid) methods in absence and presence of geometric and simple attacks and does an exhaustive analysis on the same. MATLAB software is used for implementation. Results illustrate the superlative technique under the influence of simple attacks is DWT-FFT, and under geometric attacks DWT-SVD is preeminent.
Apocalypse Then, Now — and Future?

Since The Limits to Growth study in 1972 scores of studies have concluded that, without a dramatic reduction in human numbers and per-capita consumption and thus ecosystem destruction, and absent concomitant transformation of technological, economic, political, and value systems, widespread collapse of Earth’s socioecological systems will commence and accelerate during the 21st century. Although apocalyptic end-of-the-world-as-we-know-it expectations are historically longstanding and typically entangled with religious beliefs such expectations are now firmly grounded in the sciences. The apocalyptic imagination, whether traditionally religious or fueled by science typically avers that after the envisioned cataclysm a better existence is possible (if not certain), at least for the survivors (who are sometimes assumed to be the religiously devout). Science-based apocalypticism, however, increasingly projects an utterly bleak, biologically and socially impoverished future. Nevertheless, it remains possible that apocalyptic sciences and the imaginaries they have kindled, including as expressed by environmental humanities scholars and amplified by the voices (speaking metaphorically) of Earth’s suffering organisms and ecosystems, will precipitate a new era of cooperation and innovation and thus, not only avert widespread socioecological collapse, but kindle ecotopian visions futures.
Are T cells helpful for COVID-19: the relationship between response and risk

The disease spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from no symptoms to multisystem failure and death. Characterization of virus-specific immune responses to severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is key to understanding disease pathogenesis, but few studies have evaluated T cell immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Sattler and Angermair et al. sampled blood from subjects with COVID-19 and analyzed the activation and function of virus antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. T cells that failed to respond to peptides from the membrane, spike, or nucleocapsid proteins were more common in subjects who died. In those whose T cells had the capacity to respond, older patients with comorbidity had larger numbers of activated T cells compared with patients who had fewer risk factors, but these cells showed impaired IFN-γ production. This cross-sectional study relates activated T cell responses to patient risk factors and outcome. However, T cell response trajectory over the disease course remains an open question.
Overvoltage Mitigation in Distributed Networks Connected to DG Systems

The rise in electricity prices along with the low cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems installation has led to high integration of PV into the low voltage (LV) networks. This type of increase in integration of PV causes technical problems related to network stability, power quality, electric outage, and load increase in the local electricity grid. The most prominent of these problems is overvoltage. This paper investigates overvoltage problem caused by the increase of Distributed Generation (DG) in Low Voltage (LV) distribution networks, mainly PV generation. A Case study was developed using the OpenDSS simulation tool [1] to overcome the overvoltage problem due to high penetration of the PV systems in the LV distribution network. This study indicates several scenarios to specify the extent of this negative impact presented with graphs of this study. A proposed solution is introduced in this paper to deal with this type of voltage changes caused by DG sources in the LV network. The suggested solution to overcome this problem is based on an advanced inverter to handle such differences in voltage patterns in the network due to DG integration with the existing power grid. Such advanced inverter would be able to deal with the overvoltage issues at the point of interconnection (POI) by different types of modes according to the situation of the feeder.
The Implied Cost of Capital: A Deep Learning Approach

I exploit deep learning techniques trained on a set of common accounting items and constructed to mimic features of the human brain to predict future earnings. I show that this model offers incremental explanatory power in predicting future earnings and in estimating the associated implied cost of capital. My forecasting model exhibits less bias than human analyst forecasts and fits the data substantially better than linear regression models. In addition, the derived implied cost-of-capital estimates substantially outperform linear models in their ability to predict future returns. This study illustrates the power of machine learning techniques to improve the accuracy of accounting forecasting.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ELDERLY

SUMMARY The American population is getting older. The numbers of older people will continue to increase into the next century. Consequently, medical professionals will be seeing more older adults with declining functioning. There are many techniques that are available for determining the level of functioning in older members of this group. Brief cognitive screening tests like the MMSE and the NCSE are examples of these techniques. Although these tests can provide basic information about the elderly patient's level of functioning, they are limited to the areas of information assessed. Consequently, the oral maxillofacial surgeon also must pay attention to the contextual nature of the patient's presentation and the actual problems he or she presents. Finally, to successfully manage the care of the older adult, it is useful for the oral maxillofacial surgeon to have some basic understanding of the issues involved in cognitive decline, normal aging, and neuropsychiatric conditions.
Self-efficacy Profiles for Computer Science Teachers

This study examines the self-efficacy of prospective computer science teachers and the background factors that may be related to differences in their self-efficacy. The self-efficacy profiles of teachers were examined using cluster analysis, and three self-efficacy profiles were established. Then the differences between clusters were examined with respect to several categorical variables regarding their teaching background experiences. The results of this study show that teachers' self-efficacy for teaching computer science varies with their academic background, but not with other background characteristics like their amount of teaching experience or prior experience level with CS.
Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 Signaling Axis Plays an Important Role in the Short-Term Reparative Response to Heart Valve Endothelial Injury

Objective: Aortic valve disease is a common worldwide health burden with limited treatment options. Studies have shown that the valve endothelium is critical for structure-function relationships, a...