cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased systemic IGF‐1 in response to calorie restriction modulates murine tumor cell growth, nuclear factor‐κB activation, and inflammation‐related gene expression

Calorie restriction (CR) prevents obesity and has potent anticancer effects associated with altered hormones and cytokines. We tested the hypothesis that CR inhibits MC38 mouse colon tumor cell growth through modulation of hormone-stimulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and protumorigenic gene expression. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized (n = 30/group) to receive control diet or 30% CR diet. At 20 wk, 15 mice/group were killed for body composition analysis. At 21 wk, serum was obtained for hormone analysis. At 22 wk, mice were injected with MC38 cells; tumor growth was monitored for 24 d. Gene expression in excised tumors and MC38 cells was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. In vitro MC38 NF-κB activation (by p65 ELISA and immunofluorescence) were measured in response to varying IGF-1 concentrations (1–400 ng/mL). Relative to controls, CR mice had decreased tumor volume, body weight, body fat, serum IGF-1, serum leptin, and serum insulin, and increased serum adiponectin (P < 0.05, each). Tumors from CR mice, versus controls, had downregulated inflammation- and/or cancer-related gene expression, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand-2, S100A9, and F4/80, and upregulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression. In MC38 cells in vitro, IGF-1 increased NF-κB activation and NF-κB downstream gene expression (P < 0.05, each). We conclude that CR, in association with reduced systemic IGF-1, modulates MC38 tumor growth, NF-κB activation, and inflammation-related gene expression. Thus, IGF-1 and/or NF-κB inhibition may pharmacologically mimic the anticancer effects of CR to break the obesity–colon cancer link. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tightly coupled tripole conductor pairs as constituents for a planar 2D-isotropic negative refractive index metamaterial

A metamaterial, arranged by stacking layers of planar constituents suitably shaped to be responsive to arbitrarily linearly polarized incident waves is here shown to exhibit 2D-isotropic effective negative refractive index (NRI). The general concept underlying this metamaterial design consists of closely pairing two metallic particles to accomplish, as a result of their tight coupling, both symmetric and antisymmetric resonance modes, whose proper superposition can lead to an effective negative refraction response. The proposed structure is composed by layers of periodically arranged pairs of face coupled loaded tripoles printed on the opposite sides of a single dielectric substrate. Through a comprehensive characterization of the transmission properties of such metamaterial, together with the analysis of its dispersion diagram, conclusive evidence that the medium exhibits effective NRI properties as well as good impedance matching to free space is provided. We also describe some guidelines to design the proposed metamaterial with a prescribed operational frequency bandwidth, dependently on the structure parameters.
Thermohaline Circulation Studies with an Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model

Abstract The thermohaline circulation (THC) in a 1000-yr near-global numerical simulation using the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model is analyzed and compared to observations. The model, driven by observed monthly atmospheric climatology, uses potential density referenced to 2000 m (σ2) as the vertical coordinate and accounts for compressibility (thermobaricity) effects. Examination of the three-dimensional mass flux field reveals that the model comes fairly close to quantitatively reproducing a number of global and basin-scale circulation features, such as the vertical–meridional overturning rate in the three major basins, the meridional heat flux, and the transport through the major passages. Methods are presented that allow the construction of composite diagrams revealing quantitative regional aspects of the modeled circulation in potential density space. The diagrams reveal many features of the modeled THC that adhere to observations, the most noticeable shortcoming being a weaker-than-observed n...
The Politics of Sexual Harassment: “Good behavior versus mobbing”: employer practices in Germany and the United States

Because my study of German employer practices has been discussed on the internet, I received emails from several American women in Germany who experienced sexual harassment on the job there and sought my advice because they did not know where else to turn. One woman was shocked when she found male colleagues (including her supervisor) surfing pornographic websites together. She had experience working in male-dominated environments, but she quickly became aware of different cultural norms of acceptable and unacceptable behaviors even in male-dominated organizations. Not only American women but anyone working in a German business would be unlikely to know their rights and where to turn. This is because even though sexual harassment is now illegal in Germany, as in most other European Union countries, employers have taken little action against it. The politics of sexual harassment is politics as usual in Germany. Women have not used the law to hold employers or harassers responsible in court. Public-sector employers have gender equality officers, and the problem falls into their area, but most private-sector employers do not. Some public employers and a very few private ones have adopted broader, union-negotiated, general anti-mobbing policies that include sexual harassment. In larger workplaces works councils can act on behalf of employees in workplace conflicts. There are, however, no state offices to file complaints and few services specifically for victims, though an industry for victims of mobbing has emerged, including hotlines, attorneys, coaches, and psychologists, as well as consultants for employers and unions.
Reporting Outcome-Based Evaluation Results

Credibility and communication are the focus of this chapter. Just as contextual variables need to be addressed in any program evaluation, program evaluators must also deal frequently with two realities: (1) the nature of their outcome-based analysis results and (2) a skeptical audience. It would be nice if the analysis were unequivocal and the audience always friendly, but that is not the general case. Thus, evaluators must work hard to establish (and maintain) their credibility, along with communicating clearly the results of their outcome-based evaluations, which are frequently equivocal and playing to a skeptical audience.
The Impact of Type D Personality Traits on the Career Readiness of College Students With and Without Disabilities

The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of Type D personality and perceived career readiness in a group of college students with and without disabilities. The findings of the study revealed no significant differences in levels of career readiness and Type D personality across disability groups. Results also revealed that Type D traits did have a significant relationship with career readiness variables, and that this relationship is particularly significant for college students with disabilities. Results also indicated that for individuals with disabilities, both Type D traits (negative affect and social inhibition) have an effect on different dimensions of career readiness. Implications of the results are discussed within the context of rehabilitation counselors and professionals. Future directions for research are also offered.
Interference effects of categorization on decision making

Many decision making tasks in life involve a categorization process, but the effects of categorization on subsequent decision making has rarely been studied. This issue was explored in three experiments (N=721), in which participants were shown a face stimulus on each trial and performed variations of categorization-decision tasks. On C-D trials, they categorized the stimulus and then made an action decision; on X-D trials, they were told the category and then made an action decision; on D-alone trials, they only made an action decision. An interference effect emerged in some of the conditions, such that the probability of an action on the D-alone trials (i.e., when there was no explicit categorization before the decision) differed from the total probability of the same action on the C-D or X-D trials (i.e., when there was explicit categorization before the decision). Interference effects are important because they indicate a violation of the classical law of total probability, which is assumed by many cognitive models. Across all three experiments, a complex pattern of interference effects systematically occurred for different types of stimuli and for different types of categorization-decision tasks. These interference effects present a challenge for traditional cognitive models, such as Markov and signal detection models, but a quantum cognition model, called the belief-action entanglement (BAE) model, predicted that these results could occur. The BAE model employs the quantum principles of superposition and entanglement to explain the psychological mechanisms underlying the puzzling interference effects. The model can be applied to many important and practical categorization-decision situations in life.
Perceptions of Arousal and Awareness of Physiological Responding Prior to and after Running 20 Kilometers

This study was designed to investigate runners' perceptions of arousal and awareness of physiological responding before and after a 20-kilometer (12.4- mile) race. Participants (N = 98) completed pre- and postquestionnaires that included measures of awareness of physiological responding and self-defined states of activation and arousal. In order to identify those variables related to performance, the finishers were divided into three groups: fast, moderate, and slow. A discriminant analysis revealed that miles run in training each week, resting pulse rate, and weight were the best predictors of group membership. Of the several psychological variables, only prerace tension discriminated between the groups, with the faster runners reporting themselves as more fearful and “clutched-up” before the race. In terms of pre-post physiological and psychological effects, it was found that running 20 kilometers resulted in a significant, increased awareness of physiological responding, increased feelings of being tir...
Evaluation of Insect Spatial Distributions by Spectral Analysis, with Particular Reference to the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) and Calosoma sycophanta (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Two-dimensional spectral analysis is used to highlight periodiCities in regular lattice samples of insect spatial distributions. The technique is explained, and simulated distributions are analyzed to show how results are interpreted. Based on analyses of samples at one site, the distributions of gypsy moth larvae are characterized by wavelike periodicities and sometimes by small-scale clumping. The larvae of the gypsy moth predator Calosoma sycophanta L. exhibit regular, small-scale clumping. Adult C. sycophanta distributions vary between small-scale clumps and large-scale waves, sometimes showing both at once. These analyses are compared with calculations of Lloyd's patchiness index for the same distributions, with generally complementary results. Spectral analysis is a powerful and useful adjunct to other methods of measuring dispersion and should be useful in entomological research.
Endometrioid adenosarcoma of the bladder arising from endometriosis.

Abstract Vesical endometriosis is an uncommon entity characterized by the deposition of benign, hyperplastic endometrial tissue in the bladder. To date, only about 160 cases have been reported in the world literature. More uncommon, however, are case reports of extrauterine malignancies arising from pre-existing endometriosis. We report a case of a large endometrial adenosarcoma in a patient who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy 10 years previously for endometriosis. To our knowledge this malignancy has never been reported previously to involve the bladder. We review the pathological findings, possible mode of entry into the bladder and current concepts in its treatment. (J. Urol., 143: 813–815, 1990)
Contingent belonging: Chelsea Manning, transpatriotism, and iterations of empire

Engaging with the story of whistleblower Chelsea Manning, this article reveals how the incorporation of transgender subjects into assimilationist politics, idealized by narratives of a ‘US sexual exceptionalism’ (Puar, 2007), is characterized by a contingent belonging. By analyzing responses from transgender veterans to Manning’s revelations, the article argues that present formations and modalities of US empire are legitimated through the recent emergence of transpatriotism. Expanding Puar’s notion of homonationalism, I conceptualize transpatriotism as a form of jingoism characterized by an unwavering devotion to the state and an adherence to the gender binary. Engendered through exceptional forms of transnormativity, transpatriotism is grounded in an unmarked whiteness that incorporates certain previously stigmatized transgender bodies into the folds of US empire.
Regulation of Beta-Lactamase Induction in Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Key to Understanding the Resistance Puzzle

Infections caused by drug-resistant microorganisms have posed a medical challenge since the advent of antimicrobial therapy. With the emergence of resistant strains, new antibiotics were available and introduced with great success until this decade. The appearance of multiresistant microorganisms pose a real and immediate public health concern. Are we entering into the post-antibiotic era? Will we return to pre-antimicrobial-era conditions, with morbidity and mortality resulting from untreatable infectious complications? The race to stay ahead of multiresistance involves not only continued drug development and selective use but elucidation of bacterial regulation of resistance. One way to ensure continued success of antimicrobial therapy is the identification of new bacterial targets--genes and their products involved in regulating or mediating resistance. Discussion will focus on one well-defined resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria, the chromosomally located amp operon, responsible for one mechanism of beta-lactam resistance.
Superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula in vascularized whole organ pancreatic allografts

Despite improved results in vascularized pancreatic transplantation, the incidence of technical complications continues to be high. Vascular complications are an important source of morbidity. Previously undescribed is the occurrence of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the transplanted mesenteric bundle. We have identified this unusual complication in three of 90 consecutive recipients of pancreatic transplant. The first patient presented with severe and protracted endocrine insufficiency, which was effectively reversed by direct surgical ligation of the AVF. The second patient presented with hematuria, which likewise, resolved with correction of the AVF. The third instance was diagnosed immediately after transplant and was successfully corrected by direct surgical ligation. The operative approach with establishment of proximal vascular control differed in each instance. Clinical presentation was variable and diagnosis was suggested by physical examination, duplex ultrasonography and radionuclide perfusion scanning. Arteriography was confirmatory. Mesenteric AVF can be easily identified and corrected at the time of reoperation without compromising allograft function.
Public Debate at the Time of the Constitutional Convention

Rome’s importance in shaping the attitudes that formed the American republic is confirmed by the substance of early constitutional discussion, as it appeared in American newspapers prior to the United States Constitutional Convention. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania was among the first to prepare the ground for the gathering delegates by calling for a strong central government. Writing in January 1787, for the first volume of a new monthly magazine, the American Museum, 1 Rush suggested that when the first American constitutions were designed, ‘most of us were ignorant of the forms and combinations of power in republics’ so that in ‘our opposition to monarchy, we forgot that the temple of tyranny has two doors. We bolted one of them by proper restraints; but we left the other open, by neglecting to guard against the effects of our own ignorance and licentiousness.’2
The availability of medical marijuana dispensary and adolescent marijuana use

Abstract Purpose To examine the association between medical marijuana dispensary (MMD) availability and adolescent marijuana use. Methods The study sample was comprised of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders (N = 14,953) from 141 schools in the 2014 Monitoring the Future study, who resided in the 18 states that had legalized medical marijuana as of January 1, 2014. Multilevel logistic regressions with random effects were conducted to quantify the cross-sectional associations of the availability of MMD within 5- and 25-mile buffers from the centroid of school zip codes with self-reported recent use (past-year) and current use (past-month) of marijuana, controlling for individual characteristics and school, zip code, and state contextual factors. Results In the combined sample, the availability of MMD was not associated with recent or current use of marijuana. Subsample analyses suggested that the availability within a 5-mile buffer was associated with a higher likelihood of recent use in 8th graders (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.11–3.33) and the availability within a 5- to 25-mile buffer was associated with a higher likelihood of recent use in 10th graders (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.00–1.77). The availability of MMD was not associated with recent use in 12th graders or current use in any grades. Conclusions The availability of MMD was not associated with current use of marijuana among adolescents. There was some evidence suggesting that the availability of MMD within short to medium traveling distance may be associated with a higher level of recent use in middle schoolers who are also at a high risk of experimenting with marijuana.
Travel Cost Models

This chapter provides an introduction to Travel Cost Models used to estimate recreation demand and value recreational uses of the environment such as fishing, rock climbing, hunting, boating, etc. It includes a brief history, covers single-site and random-utility-based models, and discusses current issues and topics. The chapter is laid out in a step-by-step primer fashion. It is suitable for first-timers learning about travel cost modeling as well as seasoned analysts looking for a refresher on current approaches. The chapter includes an application of the random-utility-based model to beach use on the east coast of the USA along with measures of welfare loss for beach closures and changes in beach width.
Quantification of facial and smile esthetics

Abstract Statement of problem Whether deviations in alignment discrepancy, width-to-length ratio, application of the golden proportion, or number of teeth revealed in smile affect attractiveness is yet unknown. Purpose The purpose of this analytical study was to quantify dental and facial esthetics to determine whether individuals identified as having superior smiles display differences in alignment discrepancies (angulation between interpupillary and commissure line); width-to-length ratios of maxillary anterior teeth; application of the golden proportion (approximately 1.618:1); and number of teeth revealed in an animated smile when compared with an average population. Material and methods An Internet search for “best smile” and “celebrity” identified 108 celebrities. Photographs showing smiles within 10 degrees of a frontal view were collected, while photographs of dental students were used for the control group. Alignment discrepancies, widths and lengths of the anterior teeth, and number of teeth revealed in an animated smile were measured with photo-editing software, and ratios were calculated. The groups were compared with repeated-measures ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=.05). Results Usable photographs were obtained for 90 celebrities (58 women, 32 men) and compared with photographs of 97 dental students (54 women, 43 men). Statistically significant differences were found for alignment discrepancies (celebrities 0.97, students 1.25, P=.034) and for the number of teeth displayed (P=.049); 22.2% of the celebrities revealed 12 teeth, versus 6.2% of the students. In both groups, significant differences from the golden ratio (1.618:1) for the width of the central incisor/lateral incisor right and left and for the width of the lateral incisor/canine right and left were observed through 95% confidence intervals. Sex and left-right were nonsignificant factors. Conclusions Celebrities identified as having a best smile had smaller mean alignment discrepancies and revealed a greater number of teeth in an animated smile than dental students.
Behaviometrics for Identifying Smart Home Residents

Smart homes and ambient intelligence show great promise in the fields of medical monitoring, energy efficiency and ubiquitous computing applications. Their ability to adapt and react to the people relying on them positions these systems to be invaluable tools for our aging populations. The most privacy protecting and easy to use smart home technologies often lack any kind of unique tracking technologies for individuals. Without a built-in mechanism to identify which resident is currently triggering events, new tools need to be developed to help determine the identity of the resident(s) in situ.
Amyloid Beta Peptides Block New Synapse Assembly by Nogo Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T-Type Calcium Channels

Summary Compelling evidence links amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with the emergence of learning and memory deficits, yet a clear understanding of the events that drive this synaptic pathology are lacking. We present evidence that neurons exposed to Aβ are unable to form new synapses, resulting in learning deficits in vivo . We demonstrate the Nogo receptor family (NgR1–3) acts as Aβ receptors mediating an inhibition of synapse assembly, plasticity, and learning. Live imaging studies reveal Aβ activates NgRs on the dendritic shaft of neurons, triggering an inhibition of calcium signaling. We define T-type calcium channels as a target of Aβ-NgR signaling, mediating Aβ's inhibitory effects on calcium, synapse assembly, plasticity, and learning. These studies highlight deficits in new synapse assembly as a potential initiator of cognitive pathology in AD, and pinpoint calcium dysregulation mediated by NgRs and T-type channels as key components. Video Abstract
Wide-field-of-view nanoscale Bragg liquid crystal polarization gratings

Here, we demonstrate a liquid crystal (LC) polymer Bragg polarization grating (PG) with large angular band- width and high efficiency in transmission-mode for 532 nm wavelength and 400 nm period. The field-of-view (FOV ) is increased significantly while preserving high diffraction efficiency by realizing a monolithic grating comprising two different slants. Using rigorous coupled-wave analysis simulation, we identified a structure with 48° FOV and 70% average first-order efficiency. We then experimentally fabricated and characterized the grating with a photo-aligned LC polymer network, also known as reactive mesogens. We measured 40° FOV and nearly 80% average diffraction efficiency. With this broadened and fairly uniform angular response, this wide FOV Bragg PG is a compelling option for large deflection-angle applications, including near-eye display in augmented reality systems, waveguide based illumination, and beam steering.
Radium Sorption to Iron (Hydr)oxides, Pyrite, and Montmorillonite: Implications for Mobility

Radium (Ra) is a radioactive element commonly found within soils, sediments, and natural waters. Elevated Ra activities arising through natural and anthropogenic processes pose a threat to groundwater resources and human health, and Ra isotope ratios are used to decipher groundwater movement, estimate submarine discharge flux, and fingerprint contamination associated with hydraulic fracturing operations. Although adsorption to metal (hydr)oxides and certain clay minerals is well established as a dominant mechanism controlling Ra transport and retention, the extent of Ra sorption to other minerals and under variable environmental conditions (e.g., pH and salinity) is limited. Accordingly, we present results of sorption studies and surface complexation modeling (SCM) of Ra to ferrihydrite, goethite, montmorillonite, and pyrite, for a range of pH values and common background cations. Ra sorption to all substrates is observed under geochemical conditions considered, but varies according to mineral, solution p...
Campylobacter jejuni enteritis associated with consumption of raw milk.

An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis occurred among people who had attended a meal where raw milk was served. A case control study was conducted using instances of illness as cases; those who attended the event but did not become ill served as controls. Thirteen of 20 people who had attended the meal became ill. C. jejuni was cultured from five of six stools that were submitted. Raw milk consumption was strongly associated with illness (p = .0072, Fisher exact test). Although C. jejuni outbreaks associated with milk can be prevented with pasteurization, they still occur in association with raw milk consumption.
Reliable and Automatic Composition of Language Extensions to C

This paper describes an extensible language framework, ableC, that allows programmers to import new, domain-specific, independently-developed language features into their programming language, in this case C. Crucially, this framework ensures that the language extensions will automatically compose to form a working translator that does not terminate abnormally. This is possible due to two modular analyses that extension developers can apply to their language extension to check its composability. Specifically, these ensure that the composed concrete syntax is non-ambiguous and the composed attribute grammar specifying the semantics is well-defined. This assurance and the expressiveness of the supported extensions is a distinguishing characteristic of the approach. The paper describes a number of techniques for specifying a host language, in this case C at the C11 standard, to make it more amenable to language extension. These include techniques that make additional extensions pass these modular analyses, refactorings of the host language to support a wider range of extensions, and the addition of semantic extension points to support, for example, operator overloading and non-local code transformations.
THE SEAWEED INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE

ABSTRACT Although the production of chemicals from seaweed is one of the oldest branches of the chemical industry, to this day most of the raw material is collected manually and in many cases the techniques employed in manufacturing algal chemicals are primitive. There is therefore plenty of scope for technical improvements in the industry following the trend started by the alginate producers after World War II. The classical products manufactured from seaweed—if the use of raw seaweed as a fertilizer and soil conditioner is ignored—are limited in number. They are agar and carrageenan produced from the red algae mainly of the Far East for centuries past. The alginates have recently been manufactured from the brown seaweeds collected in many parts of the world, and brown seaweed meal used as an additive to animal feeding stuffs and as specialised fertilizers. The production of soda, potash, and iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries is never likely to be revived, nor is the manufacture of acetone from seaweed as exploited for a period in America during World War I. Whilst the future developments in the industry are difficult to anticipate, amongst the first will possibly be: (1) the location of new sources of raw material as improved surveying techniques are developed and applied; (2) the development and greater use of mechanical harvesting equipment with consequent increase in the availability of the soluble algal chemicals, laminaran, mannitol, fucoidan, etc., hitherto lost in or prior to processing; (3) the discovery and development of algal chemical derivatives with special properties of interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries; (4) the “factory culture” of micro algae as a source of protein and possibly unique carbohydrates, lipids and sterols. These developments and the rate of acceptance of new ideas will be determined by many factors at present beyond our control, such as raw material shortages resulting in part from increased world population, economic factors, changes in eating habits, effect of advertising and improvements in marketing, and possibly technical developments stemming from space research. Of one thing we may be certain—the rate of growth and development of the seaweed industry in the next 50 years will be far greater than that during the first half of this century.
Certifying program execution with secure processors

Cerium is a trusted computing architecture that protects a program's execution from being tampered while the program is running. Cerium uses a physically tamper-resistant CPU and a µ-kernel to protect programs from each other and from hardware attacks. The µ-kernel partitions programs into separate address spaces, and the CPU applies memory protection to ensure that programs can only use their own data; the CPU traps to the µ-kernel when loading or evicting a cache line, and the µ-kernel cryptographically authenticates and copy-protects each program's instructions and data when they are stored in the untrusted off-chip DRAM. The Cerium CPU signs certificates that securely identify the CPU and its manufacturer, the BIOS and boot loader, the µ-kernel, the running program, and any data the program wants signed. These certificates tell a user what program executed and what hardware and software environment surrounded the program, which are key facts in deciding whether to trust a program's output.
A spoken term detection framework for recovering out-of-vocabulary words using the web.

Vocabulary restrictions in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems mean that out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are lost in the output. However, OOV words tend to be information rich terms (often named entities) and their omission from the transcript negatively affects both usability and downstream NLP technologies, such as machine translation or knowledge distillation. We propose a novel approach to OOV recovery that uses a spoken term detection (STD) framework. Given an identified OOV region in the LVCSR output, we recover the uttered OOVs by utilizing contextual information and the vast and constantly updated vocabulary on the Web. Discovered words are integrated into system output, recovering up to 40% of OOVs and resulting in a reduction in system error.
Spirituality, Counseling, and Elderly: An Introduction to the Spiritual Life Review

Older adults comprise one of the fastest growing demographic groups in the United States today, and are also described as the most spiritual and religious of all the age groups. Although older adults have historically underutilized counseling services, this may soon change as a result of the increase of older adults seeking services and changing attitudes toward therapy. The spiritual life review is a modification of the life review—an efficacious and commonly used counseling technique with older adults, and is suggested as one way to increase service utilization and promote healthy development among spiritual older adults. A description of the spiritual life review is given, along with a case study to provide preliminary evidence for this technique's utility. The limitations and ethical concerns associated with the spiritual life review are also discussed.
Symbolic Analysis for Security of Roaming Protocols in Mobile Networks

Both GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G) wireless standards are deployed worldwide. Like the 4G standard now appearing, these standards provide for mobile devices with differing capabilities to roam between providers or technologies. This poses serious challenges in ensuring authentication and other security properties. Automated analysis of security properties is needed to cope with the large number of possible scenarios. While some attacks exploit weaknesses in cryptographic functions, many attacks exploit flaws or other features of the protocol design. The latter attacks can be found using symbolic (Dolev-Yao) models. This paper demonstrates the use of a fully automatic tool to exhaustively analyze symbolic models of GSM, UMTS, and the respective roaming protocols. The results include the demonstration of known attacks as well as the confirmation of expected properties.
The Adrenal Medulla and Integration of Metabolic Control

The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic prevertebral ganglion that releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood (about 4:1) in response to sympathetic stimulation. The arrangement of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is recapitulated. The synthesis of epinephrine is described. The contrast between humoral stimulation via epinephrine and nervous stimulation via norephinephrine is contrasted. The rapid degradation of the catecholamines is described. Their effects on different tissues are described as a consequence of the presence of α and β receptors of various types. The mechanisms involved in α 1 , α 2 , β 1 , β 2 , and β 3 receptors are discussed and the effects on the end-organs are summarized. The physiological effects of GH, thyroxin, glucocorticoids, insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine on liver glycogen, blood glucose, adipose tissue stores, and protein content of the tissues are then summarized.
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly in health and human diseases

Deficiencies in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) or complex IV, the last enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, are a frequent cause of mitochondrial diseases in human. Eukaryotic COX is a multimeric copper-heme a, a 3-type oxidase, formed by three catalytic core subunits encoded in the mitochondrial genome and ten nuclear-encoded subunits that act as a protective shield of the core. The biogenesis of the catalytic core subunits, the incorporation of their metal prosthetic groups, and their assembly with imported subunits synthesized in the cytoplasm, involves a growing number of nuclear-encoded ancillary factors. Mutations in the structural subunits and in the assembly factors have been recognized over the last 15 years as important causes of human diseases. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge on human COX biogenesis and discuss the molecular basis of human COX deficiencies due to mutations in proteins involved in the COX assembly process.
A methodology to obtain kinematic corridors for pediatric occupants in frontal impacts

Pediatric Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD) provide a reasonable approximation predicting maximum head excursion. However, the exact trajectory followed by the human head and the flexible human spine cannot be replicated by the stiff spine of ATD. Lack of knowledge on pediatric whole body kinematics during a frontal impact precludes the development of more biofidelic pediatric ATD. In this study, human volunteers (pediatric and adult) were subjected to a non injurious pulse simulating a low speed frontal crash (10 km/h). Three adult Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) tests were performed using an equivalent test setup to that of the volunteers. Each PMHS was also subjected to a high speed test (40 km/h). This paper integrates the results from all these experiments and proposes a method to obtain kinematic corridors for pediatric occupants in frontal impacts.
‘The Wake? What of It?’: Figures of Loss in the Migrant Plays of Colm Ó Clubhán

This chapter focuses on two plays by Colm Clifford, an Irish gay migrant active in the early 1970s gay liberation movement and a founding member of the agitprop theatre group, the Brixton Faeries. Through the 1980s, he began to write plays and poetry addressing the migrant identity and belonging—especially the difficult interstitial identities of the queer ethnic migrant. His first play, Friends of Rio Rita (1985), performed for both LGBT and Irish theatre audiences in London, addressed the difficulties of being gay and Irish. As he explained in a 1985 interview, “I can list forever the oppression of Irish people living in England, yet I cannot live [as a gay man] in Ireland”—a difficult position exacerbated by the anti-Irish racism of English gay men and the anti-gay attitudes of the Irish migrant community. His second play, Reasons for Staying (1986), broadens its focus to include a woman who stayed in England after seeking an abortion and an old navvy whose friends back home have died, as well as a second-generation Irishman and his English fiancee whose perceptions of Ireland are coloured by nostalgia and tourist posters. Clifford’s work, which has failed to receive critical attention or adequate publication, is a critical intervention in representations of gender and sexuality in the Irish diaspora, and as the Irish canon of LGBT work becomes increasingly calcified, a reconsideration of his work suggests the centrality of diaspora studies to Irish queer studies—and the necessity of queer studies to Irish diaspora studies.
Monozygotic twins with non-Down syndrome associated MLL-rearranged hematologic malignancy and megakaryoblastic differentiation.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease. Approximately 20% of pediatric AML is characterized by rearrangements involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene at 11q23. Pr...
Lacustrine brGDGT response to microcosm and mesocosm incubations

Abstract Branched dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are increasingly used as a paleotemperature proxy, yet the microbial producers of these compounds and the way they respond to environmental perturbations remain poorly understood. In this work, we used mesocosms to track the evolution of brGDGTs over several months, as well as an array of microcosms to study microbial brGDGT response to oxygen availability and carbon source. Overall our results confirm that brGDGTs are produced in the water column and respond to environmental perturbation. brGDGT concentrations increase in response to low oxygen, in agreement with empirical observations, but respond to added carbon only when ambient nutrients are low. Slow adjustment to temperature changes from the field to the laboratory appears to have influenced the relative methylation and isomerization of brGDGTs in the mesocosms. Overall our work is consistent with the inference that the producers are facultative aerobic heterotrophic organisms. Our results demonstrate that the use of micro- and mesocosms is a viable option to study brGDGTs in real time and help better understand this biomarker as a paleoproxy.
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Arrhythmogenic Cardiac Alternans in a Mouse Model

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests that a majority of deaths attributed to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are cardiovascular related. However, to our knowledge, the impact of SHS on car...
Toward realizing self-protecting healthcare information systems: Design and security challenges

Abstract This book chapter reviews the history of Healthcare Information Systems (HISs), discusses recent cyber security threats affecting HISs, and then introduces the autonomic computing concept and applies the concept to design self-protecting HISs (SPHISs) that can defend themselves against cyber intrusions with little or no human intervention. To realize such SPHISs, we first study security vulnerabilities of the HIS network, communication links and protocols. Based on these vulnerabilities, the component design of a SPHIS is presented. We propose that a SPHIS should contain monitoring systems, early estimation modules, intrusion detection, network forensics analysis devices and intrusion response systems. Finally, existing self-protecting approaches for HIS, enterprise systems and industrial control systems are demonstrated in detail. This chapter provides an innovated design of an autonomic security management system that could reduce IT professional's management burdens while enhancing the security posture of their HISs.
1/2+ Particle-Vibration Doorways in Compound Nuclei Pb209 and Pb207

The doorway state concept has become important in recent years. Such states are composed of simple excitations and might be observed as single resonances or as several narrow resonances. The well known(1) Pb209 1/2+ state at 500 keV neutron energy with a width of 58 keV is an example of the former type. Some similar doorways are found in neutron scattering experiments on target nuclei Y89, and Ca48(2),while fragmented doorways have been identified in compound nuclei, Sr89, Pb207 and Pb208. The dissolution of a doorway into narrow resonances implies a width for spreading into more complex states. We have attempted to study doorway states in terms of two different models: 1) 2p-1h configurations and 2) particle-vibration configurations. Reference 2 treats the former approach for compound nuclei Ca49, Sr89, and Zr91 However the latter mode of excitation seems to be preferable in the case of Pb isotopes. In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of the particle-vibration model for interpreting the neutron resonances observed in Pb208 and Pb206 neutron scattering experiments.
BLP-2LASSO for aggregate discrete choice models with rich covariates

SummaryWe introduce the BLP-2LASSO model, which augments the classic BLP (Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes, 1995) random-coefficients logit model to allow for data-driven selection among a high-dimensional set of control variables using the 'double-LASSO' procedure proposed by Belloni, Chernozhukov, and Hansen (2013). Economists often study consumers’ aggregate behaviour across markets choosing from a menu of differentiated products. In this analysis, local demographic characteristics can serve as controls for market-specific preference heterogeneity. Given rich demographic data, implementing these models requires specifying which variables to include in the analysis, an ad hoc process typically guided primarily by a researcher’s intuition. We propose a data-driven approach to estimate these models, applying penalized estimation algorithms from the recent literature in high-dimensional econometrics. Our application explores the effect of campaign spending on vote shares in data from Mexican elections.
Using AAC video visual scene displays to increase participation and communication within a volunteer activity for adolescents with complex communication needs

Volunteer activities can provide opportunities to learn new skills, build social networks, and contribute to enhanced self-esteem. Volunteering also provides a positive contribution to society, and an opportunity to participate in activities that may differ from those in paid employment. People with severe disabilities and complex communication needs, however, may face significant barriers in participating and communicating in volunteer activities. A multiple-probe-across-participants, single-case experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of videos with integrated visual scene displays (video VSDs). The video VSDs were presented using a tablet-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) app, as an intervention to increase the percent of steps completed independently within a volunteer activity. Participants were four adolescents with autism spectrum disorder or Down syndrome, all of whom had complex communication needs. Each participant met the mastery criterion for the activity - completion of the volunteer work activities and communication exchanges with co-volunteers - with the use of the video VSDs. The results provide preliminary evidence that video VSDs may be an effective assistive technology for individuals with severe disabilities and complex communication needs to increase participation in volunteer activities, both as an instructional support in learning new skills, and as an AAC technique to support interaction with others.
Engineering Education Reconsidered

The new engineering education for the 21st century has been inspired by blending “design thinking” with active pedagogies to provide exciting new learning environments for engineering. Detailed case studies of leading programs of innovative engineering education are provided, including the Center for Engineering at Yale University, California Polytechnic San Luis Obispo’s “Learn by Doing” approach, and the innovative Olin College of Engineering with its emphasis on project-based learning. These three programs illustrate how new types of engineering education train students more effectively for the complex and interdisciplinary tasks that today’s engineers face in their work. A review of the new Liberal Arts Engineering movement is described, with detailed examples of the leading engineering programs that are blending disciplines from outside of STEM fields into the engineering curriculum to deepen and strengthen engineering education.
Production of IFN-γ by splenic dendritic cells during innate immune responses against Francisella tularensis LVS depends on MyD88, but not TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9.

Production of IFN-γ is a key innate immune mechanism that limits replication of intracellular bacteria such as Francisella tularensis (Ft) until adaptive immune responses develop. Previously, we demonstrated that the host cell types responsible for IFN-γ production in response to murine Francisella infection include not only natural killer (NK) and T cells, but also a variety of myeloid cells. However, production of IFN-γ by mouse dendritic cells (DC) is controversial. Here, we directly demonstrated substantial production of IFN-γ by DC, as well as hybrid NK-DC, from LVS-infected wild type C57BL/6 or Rag1 knockout mice. We demonstrated that the numbers of conventional DC producing IFN-γ increased progressively over the course of 8 days of LVS infection. In contrast, the numbers of conventional NK cells producing IFN-γ, which represented about 40% of non-B/T IFN-γ-producing cells, peaked at day 4 after LVS infection and declined thereafter. This pattern was similar to that of hybrid NK-DC. To further confirm IFN-γ production by infected cells, DC and neutrophils were sorted from naive and LVS-infected mice and analyzed for gene expression. Quantification of LVS by PCR revealed the presence of Ft DNA not only in macrophages, but also in highly purified, IFN-γ producing DC and neutrophils. Finally, production of IFN-γ by infected DC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Notably, IFN-γ production patterns similar to those in wild type mice were observed in cells derived from LVS-infected TLR2, TLR4, and TLR2xTLR9 knockout (KO) mice, but not from MyD88 KO mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the pivotal roles of DC and MyD88 in IFN-γ production and in initiating innate immune responses to this intracellular bacterium.