cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of human N8 protein

We have shown before that the N8 mRNA is expressed at higher levels in lung tumor and lung tumor-derived cell lines than normal lung cells. In this paper, we have characterized the N8 protein, and studied its properties. The N8 gene encodes a major 24 kDa protein and its expression correlates well with the N8 mRNA expression pattern observed in different cell lines. N8 protein is capable of forming a homodimer or multimeter in vitro. It is a phosphorylated cytoplasmic protein and phosphorylation occurs mainly at serine residues. N8 protein is expressed at higher levels in epithelial cells than in mesenchymal cells. N8 protein expression is induced in a fibroblast cell line expressing adenoviral Ela protein, which acquired epithelial-like characteristics. Furthermore, ectopic expression of N8 protein in NIH3T3 cells converts them into a spheroid form. These spheroids also have some of the characteristic features of epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the N8 protein may be associated with the development or maintenance of epithelial cell phenotype.
Cerebrospinal fluid cytomorphology using cytocentrifugation.

Four hundred and eighty-two cerebrospinal fluid cytocentrifuge preparations were examined in order to establish morphologic changes inherent in the technic and to define normal or “negative” preparations. Abnormal findings and conditions posing diagnostic difficulties are discussed. A small group of cases in which malignant cells were present in the fluids is presented. This background information should provide a basis for interpretations of the findings in cerebrospinal fluid examinations, especially in the difficult situation of leukemic involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid with small numbers of cells.
Image Fusion Based on Nonsubsampled Wavelet-contourlet Transform

A novel method of image fusion based on the nonsubsampled wavelet-contourlet transform is proposed,combined with the merit of  trous transform,based on the recently developed nonsubsampled contourlet transform,which can offer a trait of flexible multiscale and shift-invariant simultaneity.The high and low frequency-coefficients are obtained by decompose the aeronautic image with the nonsubsampled wavelet-contourlet transformation.Then,according to the different coefficient characters,these coefficients are syncretized by using different fusion algorithms of weighted average.The experimental results show that the new method makes a better fusion result compared with the traditional transform methods.
A feminist analysis of the American criminal justice system’s response to human trafficking

AbstractWhile criminological and criminal justice scholars have made important contributions to human trafficking literature, to date, such scholarship has been devoid of a feminist analysis of the topic as scholars have spent little time reflecting on how patriarchy impacts the criminal justice system’s response to human trafficking. Such examination is necessary to understand how the issue of patriarchy impacts criminal justice system approaches to the crime as well as the outcomes of such anti-human trafficking efforts. It is argued the influence of patriarchy on criminal justice system policy development and practice undermines the system’s anti-human trafficking efforts.
Analytical Infrared Spectra of Particulate Alpha-Aluminas

A class study was performed of the infrared spectra of various powdered alpha-aluminas dispersed in KBr pellets, from which a typical infrared spectrum is established for qualitative analytical purposes. By reference to the polarized reflection spectra of single-crystal corundum and ruby it is demonstrated that reflection losses at the surfaces of the particles dominate the overall form of the powder transmission spectrum, and that in the case of this material the spectral features cannot be regarded as simple absorption bands. It also is shown that the fundamental vibrational frequencies of the corundum crystal lattice do not necessarily coincide with the minima in the transmission spectrum of its powder. A possible explanation for some of the minor spectral features is advanced.
How effective is the ketogenic diet for electrical status epilepticus of sleep

Electrical status epilepticus of sleep (ESES), with the activation of profuse amounts of epileptiform discharges in sleep, may lead to intractable epilepsy and neurocognitive decline in children. Numerous varied treatments including antiseizure medications, steroids, and surgery have been investigated as possible treatment options. The ketogenic diet (KD) is an additional treatment option which may add to our treatment armamentarium for ESES. The KD may theoretically improve ESES by affecting GABA systems and reducing inflammation. Clinical reports of the KD for ESES have been heterogeneous, but to date 38 children have been described in six publications. Overall, 53% had EEG improvement, 41% had>50% seizure reduction, 45% had cognitive improvement, but only 9% had EEG normalization. This review will assess the efficacy of the KD in the treatment of ESES based on known data as well as possible mechanisms of action and the need for future study.
Can we really do it?: Conducting Significant Computer Science Research in Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs) (Abstract Only)

Undergraduate research is a critical component of high-quality education in any discipline, including Computer Science (CS). Over the past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in CS undergraduate research activities at colleges and universities, and predominantly undergraduate institutions (PUIs) have an important role to play. Not every university has abundant resources to devote to research, and teaching-focused institutions may face the greatest challenges in this respect. Faculty at PUIs, for example, may face funding and infrastructure challenges and may find themselves stretched thin due to especially high teaching and service expectations. A frequently asked question by new faculty at these institutions is: Is it really possible to conduct meaningful research in such a fast-paced discipline as CS, while juggling a very high teaching and service load? Not only is the answer to this question "Yes!" but there are advantages to conducting research at a non-research institution. Faculty here has access to some of the brightest young minds who will potentially be future graduate students in research-intensive universities. They may have the freedom to do research that is too risky for graduate students. They can work on projects they are interested in, rather than those they know must work. With good time management techniques and careful selection of collaborators and student researchers, faculty here really can conduct important CS research. Thus, the focus of this BOF is to share methods that are helpful in conducting significant and meaningful CS research in a primarily undergraduate or teaching institution.
Toni Sacconaghi at Sanford C. Bernstein

Toni Sacconaghi, a senior sell-side equity research analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein, covering U.S. IT hardware companies, thinks about the challenges and opportunities presented by the firm's new office in Hong Kong. Sacconaghi was previously the only analyst covering IT hardware companies for Bernstein. However, the firm has recently hired an analyst to cover Asian IT hardware companies in Hong Kong. Sacconaghi thinks about the best way to work collaboratively with the new Asian analyst.Learning Objective: To discuss and analyze the leadership challenges of building and leveraging a global platform, the challenges of driving organizational change, and the role of leaders in creating a supportive environment for collaborative work from the perspective of a professional at a firm.
Generalized paroxysmal fast activity in EEG: An unrecognized finding in genetic generalized epilepsy.

Abstract Objective To study generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). Introduction GPFA is an electroencephalographic (EEG) finding in patients with symptomatic generalized epilepsy consisting of 15-25 Hz bifrontally predominant generalized fast activity seen predominantly in sleep. Historically GPFA is linked to epileptic encephalopathy with drug resistant epilepsy and intellectual disability. However, GPFA has been rarely described as an atypical finding in patients with GGE without negative prognostic implication. We report cognitive profile and seizure characteristics in seven patients with GGE and GPFA. Methods The Vanderbilt EMU and EEG reports were searched for the keywords “idiopathic generalized epilepsy”, “GPFA”and “generalized spike and wave discharges (GSWD)”. We reviewed the EEG tracings and the electronic medical records of patients thus identified. The seizure type, frequency, neurological work-up, clinical profile and imaging data were recorded. Results Awake and sleep states were captured on EEGs of all patients. On EEG tracing review six patients were confirmed to have GSWD and GPFA; one patient had GPFA but no GSWD. All patients had normal cognitive function. Four had a normal brain MRI and one a normal head CT (two were never imaged). None of the patients had tonic seizures. The main seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in five patients, absence in two. Age at onset of epilepsy ranged from 4 to 24 years. The mean GTC seizure frequency at the time of EEG was 3; two patients were seizure free on two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Conclusions GPFA can be an unrecognized electrographic finding in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy. While GPFA remains an important diagnostic EEG feature for epileptic encephalopathy (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) it is not specific for this diagnosis. Thus, GPFA may have a spectrum of variable phenotypic expression. The finding of GPFA is not necessarily indicative of unfavorable outcome.
Witnessing with Tere

As Carmen Tafolla explains, an audience’s presence is not passive. Rather, in this performance, our memories, our hopes for our children’s futures, our knowledge, and our actions are called forth, ...
Morphology and CO Oxidation Activity of Pd Nanoparticles on SrTiO3 Nanopolyhedra

Single crystal SrTiO3 nanocuboids having primarily TiO2-(001) surfaces and nanododecahedra having primarily (110) surfaces were created by two separate hydrothermal synthesis processes. Pd nanoparticles grown on the two sets of STO nanopolyhedra by atomic layer deposition show different morphologies and CO oxidation performance. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering show that 2–3 nm Pd nanoparticles with 3–5 nm interparticle distances decorate the STO surfaces. When the number of ALD cycles increases, the growth of the Pd nanoparticles is more significant in size on TiO2-(001)-STO surfaces, while that on (110)-STO surfaces is more predominant in number. High resolution electron microscopy images show that single crystal and multiply twinned Pd nanoparticles coexist on both types of the STO nanopolyhedra and exhibit different degrees of adhesion. The CO oxidation reaction, which was employed to determine the dependence of catalytic activity, showed that the Pd catalytic performa...
A comparison of AAPM TG-108 PET/CT shielding recommendations to measurement in an oncology center

476 Objectives The AAPM task group report 108 provides methods for calculating photon shielding for PET scanner suites. Calculated shielding requirements may be conservative in some areas when assuming a static point source and no scanner self-shielding. This study compares TG-108 shielding calculations to measured data from a oncology PET/CT scanner. Methods Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters were placed at eight positions on wall surrounding the PET/CT suite. Dosimeters were also placed at three positions in the ceiling along the axial length of the scanner. Each position contained three dosimeters covered with 0, 1.6 and 3.2 mm of lead to separate the x-ray and PET photon components. Dosimeters were switched out every month for a total collection period of 6 months. The dosimeter measurements were compared to TG-108 estimates by dividing the measured dose by the TG-108 calculated dose. 10min of setup time on the scanner table was assumed prior to scanning. Results The PET gantry provided considerable shielding in the transaxial detector plane resulting in a low dose ratio of 0.1. The ratio increased to 0.3 at 45-degrees between the transaxial and axial plane then to 0.8 at the head of the scanner. Dose ratios at the foot of the scanner were near unity at 0.9 and a ratio of 1.3 was observed in the ceiling at the scanner foot. Not considering the 10 min setup period raised the dose ratio to 2.3 at the walls and 3.4 in the ceiling at the scanner foot. Conclusions TG-108 provides accurate dose estimates when there is no barrier between the patient and measurement location. In addition, a patient setup time was appropriate in this situation. Careful consideration of the shielding properties of the scanner can reduce the amount of shielding necessary to include in walls.
Arzneimittel, Medizinprodukte, Blutprodukte: Begriffliche Abgrenzung und Regulierungsverfahren

Eine Vielzahl von Bundesgesetzen sowie die darauf beruhenden Erlasse der Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regeln detailliert die Entwicklung, Herstellung und Vermarktung von Arzneimitteln und Medizinprodukten. Sie formulieren Verhaltenspflichten fur den Hersteller, die auch fur das Haftungsrecht von grundlegender Bedeutung sind. Die zentralen Ermachtigungsgrundlagen der Bundeserlasse sind der 1938 erlassene Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), das 1976 eingefuhrte Medical Device Amendment (MDA) und die im title 21 des Code of Federal Regulation enthaltenen Vorschriften der FDA. Angesichts der grundsatzlichen Rechtsetzungskompetenz der Einzelstaaten fur das Arzneimittel- und Medizinprodukterecht mag diese Vielzahl von Bundesvorschriften und Bundeserlassen zunachst uberraschen. Allerdings ist der Bund stets bei zwischenstaatlichem Handel, also bei Handel uber die Grenzen des jeweiligen Einzelstaates hinaus, rechtsetzungsbefugt. Da der Handel von Arzneimitteln und Medizinprodukten in aller Regel nicht allein auf den Bundesstaat der Herstellung beschrankt ist, werden die pharmazeutische und medizintechnische Produkte betreffenden Regelungen ganz uberwiegend vom Bund erlassen.
Isolation of spontaneous mutant strains of Pseudomonasputida

Abstract A simple but powerful technique for the enrichment of spontaneous mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida is described. Repeated counter-selection of wild type cells in the presence of both D -cycloserine and penicillin increases the relative frequency of mutant organisms to over 1% of the population. The method has been used to isolate strains with either catabolic or biosynthetic dysfunctions.
Reverse polarity inNauclea orientalis, L. (Sarcocephalus cordatus, Miq.)

Embryo sac development conforms to Polygonum type. Starch grains are noticed in the embryo sac right from the megaspore mother cell stage. Twin tetrads one with a chalazal functional megaspore and another with a micropylar functional megaspore have been noticed in some ovules. While 75% of the embryo sacs have normal polarity, in 20% of the ovules reverse polarity has been noticed. In the remaining 5% of the ovules, ‘bipolarity’ has been observed. Reverse polarity in relation to double archegoniate theory has been discussed.
Mercury exposure: evaluation and intervention the inappropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and treatment of putative mercury poisoning.

Abstract Public awareness of the potential for mercury to cause health problems has increased dramatically in the last 15 years. It is now widely recognized that significant exposure to all forms of mercury (elemental/metallic and both inorganic and organic compounds) can result in a variety of adverse health effects, including neurological, renal, respiratory, immune, dermatologic, reproductive, and developmental sequellae. And while the various media have made the general population cognizant of the need to avoid unnecessary exposure to this naturally occurring element, there has also evolved a growing tendency to attribute unexplainable neurologic, as well as other, signs and symptoms to mercury, whether or not significant exposure to mercury has actually occurred. For the physician, making a diagnosis of mercury intoxication can be difficult, because many of the clinical signs and symptoms of mercury exposure can also be attributed to any number of causes, including undiagnosed neurological diseases, pharmacotherapy, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and psychological stress. The physician must be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of mercury intoxication, and understand the importance of biological markers in making a definitive diagnosis of mercury poisoning. In a desire to treat the patient complaining of symptoms similar to some that can be caused by mercury, a growing number of physicians, particularly those in alternative medicine fields, result to chelation to “rid” the body of the mercury, believed to be the cause of the ailments. And although the use of chelation is increasing, controlled studies showing that this procedure actually improves outcome are lacking. If chelation therapy is considered to be indicated, the attending physician should communicate the risks of chelation to the patient before beginning treatment with metal-chelating drugs.
Measurement of longitudinal acceptance and emittance of the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source Superconducting Linac

Longitudinal acceptance of the Spallation Neutron Source superconducting linac is computed with a longitudinal model. Beam Current Monitor and Beam Loss Monitors are utilized in the beam acceptance measurements, and the measured results show close agreement with the model. Based on the simulations and on the measurements of the acceptance of the superconducting linac, we developed a novel method to measure beam bunch shape, beam energy profile and the longitudinal emittance at the entrance of the linac. The experiment measurements reveal that a large longitudinal beam halo exists in the injection beams to the superconducting linac, and the longitudinal emittance is approximately twice that of the nominal design. The simple measurement method is applicable to other linacs.
Doing death work: a typology of how homicide detectives orient to their work

Homicide investigation is among the most prestigious and challenging undertakings in modern day law enforcement agencies. Most metropolitan police departments assign the investigation of suspicious...
Potential climate effect of mineral aerosols over West Africa. Part I: model validation and contemporary climate evaluation

Mineral dusts present in the atmosphere can play an important role in climate over West Africa and surrounding regions. However, current understanding regarding how dust aerosols influence climate of West Africa is very limited. In this study, a regional climate model is used to investigate the potential climatic impacts of dust aerosols. Two sets of simulations driven by reanalysis and Earth System Model boundary conditions are performed with and without the representation of dust processes. The model, regardless of the boundary forcing, captures the spatial and temporal variability of the aerosol optical depth and surface concentration. The shortwave radiative forcing of dust is negative at the surface and positive in the atmosphere, with greater changes in the spring and summer. The presence of mineral dusts causes surface cooling and lower troposphere heating, resulting in a stabilization effect and reduction in precipitation in the northern portion of the monsoon close to the dust emissions region. This results in an enhancement of precipitation to the south. While dusts cause the lower troposphere to stabilize, upper tropospheric cooling makes the region more prone to intense deep convection as is evident by a simulated increase in extreme precipitation. In a companion paper, the impacts of dust emissions on future West African climate are investigated.
Cadherin-11 binds to PDGFRβ and enhances cell proliferation and tissue regeneration via the PDGFR-AKT signaling axis

Intercellular adhesion through homotypic interaction between cadherins regulates multiple cellular processes including cytoskeletal organization, proliferation, and survival. In this paper, we provide evidence that cadherin-11 (CDH11) binds to and promotes cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo in synergy with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). Engagement of CDH11 increased the sensitivity of cells to PDGF-BB by 10- to 100-fold, resulting in rapid and sustained phosphorylation of AKT, ultimately promoting and cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Indeed, wound healing experiments showed that healing was severely compromised in Cdh11-/- mice, as evidenced by significantly decreased proliferation, AKT phosphorylation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis of dermal cells. Our results shed light into understanding how intercellular adhesion can promote cell proliferation and may have implications for tissue regeneration and cancer progression.
Does the timing of postoperative showering impact infection rates? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Summary Introduction Optimum timing of postoperative showering varies. Earlier showering improves patient satisfaction, but the impact of the timing of showering on postoperative infection is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the outcomes of various postoperative showering practices. Methods We searched PubMed to identify relevant human clinical studies in English, and searched these for additional references. Articles were reviewed for patient demographics, surgical specialty and procedure, wound closure method, placement of drains, showering protocol, and rates of infection and complications. Only randomized controlled trials were analyzed. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to determine overall infection and complication rates between patients allowed to shower within the first 48 h postoperatively or later. Results Out of 357 studies, seven and five were included in the infection and complications rate meta-analyses, respectively. A total of 1,881 and 958 patients were included in each analysis; 605 and 477 patients in each analysis were allowed to shower on or before postoperative day 2 (“early”), while the remainder were prohibited from showering until postoperative day 3 to beyond one week (“delayed”) postoperatively. There was no difference in infection (p = 0.45, [-0.0052, 2 × 0.007 95% CI]) or complication rate (p = 0.36, [-0.0046, 2 × 0.005 95% CI]) with earlier vs. delayed showering protocols. Conclusion Published literature demonstrates no increase in the overall rate of wound infections or complications when patients showered earlier in the postoperative period. Additional randomized studies are needed to determine the ideal time for postoperative showering. These data should be considered by surgeons while determining when to permit patients to shower after surgery.
"You're Always Jumping Through Hoops": Journey Mapping the Care Experiences of Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder-associated Endocarditis.

Objectives Serious infectious complications of opioid use disorder (OUD), and specifically endocarditis, are becoming more common in the US. Individuals with OUD-associated endocarditis require long periods of complex medical care, often face recurrent addiction- and infection-related complications, and have dismal clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to perform journey mapping analysis to capture common trajectories and patterns of care for people with OUD-associated endocarditis. Methods This was an analysis of qualitative semi-structured interviews of individuals who received care for OUD-associated endocarditis. Interviews were conducted among individuals receiving care at a single academic healthcare system in Boston, Massachusetts. Ten participants meeting DSM-5 criteria for at least mild OUD and a culture-positive diagnosis of endocarditis who had previously completed care for OUD-associated endocarditis were recruited from inpatient and ambulatory settings. Details of participant's care episodes were extracted and visualized in an iterative journey mapping process. A grounded theory approach was then used to identify shared themes and care patterns among participants' journey maps. Results Common patterns of care included early addiction treatment and intensive outpatient care preceding periods without rehospitalization, while leaving outpatient care and return to drug use often directly preceded rehospitalization. Participants frequently left care by choice and proactively reengaged with care. Conclusions Journey mapping is a novel, patient-centered approach to capturing the care experiences and trajectories of a patient population experiencing significant stigma, who engage with the healthcare system in unexpected and fragmented ways. For individuals with OUD-associated endocarditis, we identified critical moments to support and engage patients to prevent return to drug use and rehospitalization.
Poiseuille and Extensional FlowSAS for Developing Structure-Rheology Relationships in Soft Matter Systems

Abstract As the rheoscattering community has grown, so have the breadth of experiments both in terms of materials systems, and also in terms of flow types and analysis approaches. In this review, we seek to highlight important recent developments in rheoscattering that go beyond simple shear measurements. In particular this review will focus on Poiseuille flow and extensional flow small angle scattering and results from recent experiments that lead to the development of structure-function relationships in a wide variety of soft materials.
Cognitive Interference in the Context of Daily Stressors, Daily Awareness of Age-Related Change, and General Aging Attitudes.

Objectives Previous diary work indicates that older people experience more intrusive and unwanted thoughts (i.e., cognitive interference) on days with stressors. We examined additional predictors of daily cognitive interference to enhance understanding of the psychological context surrounding this link. We specifically focused on factors related to subjective experiences of aging based on studies that have related higher stress and impairments in cognition such as executive control processes (working memory) to negative age stereotypes. Consistent with these findings, we generally expected stronger stress effects on cognitive interference when daily self-perceptions of aging (i.e., within-person fluctuations in awareness of age-related losses [AARC losses]) and general aging attitudes (i.e., individual differences in attitudes toward own aging [ATOA]) were more negative. Methods Participants (n = 91; ages 60 to 80) on Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed surveys on nine consecutive days, reporting on their ATOA (Day 1) as well as their stressors, AARC losses, and cognitive interference (Days 2 to 9). Results Multilevel models showed that people reported more cognitive interference on days with more AARC losses. Individuals with positive ATOA also experienced less cognitive interference on days with more stressors, whereas those with negative ATOA experienced more. Discussion Both individual differences and fluctuating daily perceptions of aging appear to be important for older adults' cognitive interference. Consistent with other work, positive ATOA protected against daily stressor effects. Further elucidating these relationships can increase understanding of and facilitate efforts to improve (daily) cognitive experiences in older adults.
Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with "Ancillary" Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization.

Coordinating solvents are commonly employed as ancillary ligands to stabilize late transition metal complexes and are conventionally considered to have little effect on the reaction products. Our work identifies that the presence of ancillary ligand in Pd-diimine catalyzed polymerizations of α-olefins can drastically alter reactivity. The addition of different amounts of acetonitrile allows for switching between distinct reaction modes: isomerization-polymerization with high branching (0 equiv.), regular chain-walking polymerization (1 equiv.), and alkene isomerization with no polymerization (>20 equiv.). Optimization of the isomerization reaction mode led to a general set of conditions to switch a wide variety of diimine complexes into efficient alkene isomerization catalysts, with catalyst loading as low as 0.005 mol %.
Cluster Algebras from Dualities of 2d ${\mathcal{N}}$ = (2, 2) Quiver Gauge Theories

We interpret certain Seiberg-like dualities of two-dimensional $${\mathcal{N}}$$ = (2,2) quiver gauge theories with unitary groups as cluster mutations in cluster algebras, originally formulated by Fomin and Zelevinsky. In particular, we show how the complexified Fayet-Iliopoulos parameters of the gauge group factors transform under those dualities and observe that they are in fact related to the dual cluster variables of cluster algebras. This implies that there is an underlying cluster algebra structure in the quantum Kahler moduli space of manifolds constructed from the corresponding Kahler quotients. We study the S 2 partition function of the gauge theories, showing that it is invariant under dualities/mutations, up to an overall normalization factor, whose physical origin and consequences we spell out in detail. We also present similar dualities in $${\mathcal{N}}$$ = (2,2)* quiver gauge theories, which are related to dualities of quantum integrable spin chains.
Accurate Insar Surface Deformation Mapping over the Oil-Producing Permian Basin with Automated Tropospheric Outlier Removal

Tropospheric noise is one of the most common factors that limits the accuracy of large-scale InSAR surface deformation mapping. In this study, we developed a new algorithm for detecting InSAR pixels that are corrupted by significant tropospheric noise associated with local extreme weather events. We applied this algorithm to measure surface deformation (Nov. 2014 - Jan. 2019) due to massive shale development over an 80,000 square kilometer oil-producing region in the Permian Basin. Based on independent validation at 13 GPS stations, we were able to reduce the measurement uncertainty by a factor of 2, and achieve basin-wide ~2 mm/year accuracy. The high quality InSAR surface deformation maps reveal numerous subsidence and uplift bowls in the vicinity of active production and disposal wells. The rate of deformation increased significantly in 2018 when peak production occurred in the region. The most important deformation signatures we observed are linear streaks that extend tens of kilometers near Pecos, TX, where a cluster of seismic events were catalogued by TexNet.
Global and local parameters for characterizing and modeling external corrosion in underground coated steel pipelines: A review of critical factors

External corrosion assessments of pipeline systems encompass two critical factors: time and space (location). Field measurement databases, laboratory testing, and theoretical prediction studies have been reported, based on continuous monitoring, survey and on-site characterization techniques, and controlled and simulated laboratory-scale environment studies. Theoretical models have identified several critical factors in assessing external corrosion for buried structures at different scales. This work presents a review of critical parameters for characterizing, modeling, and assessing the corrosion process in buried pipelines. A multiscale approach is used to integrate factors identified from field measurements, laboratory testing, and data-driven and computer-based models. Furthermore, we elucidate the importance of macro parameters and the influence of their spatial distribution on the initiation and propagation of local corrosion mechanisms with their corresponding local (micro scale) conditions. This work also reviews the critical parameters and approaches used for deterministic, semi-empirical, probabilistic, and data-driven modeling, defining the scope of global versus local factors for external corrosion at the soil/steel pipeline interface.
SNP density in coding regions of the human genome

4706 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation in humans. However, the factors that affect SNP density are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to estimate the relative effects of mutability and selection on SNP density in transcribed regions of human genes. It is important for prediction of the regions that harbor functional polymorphisms. We used frequency-validated SNPs resulting from single-nucleotide substitutions. SNPs were subdivided into five functional categories: (i) 5′ untranslated region (UTR) SNPs, (ii) 3′UTR SNPs, (iii) synonymous SNPs, (iv) SNPs producing conservative missense mutations, and (v) SNPs producing radical missense mutations. Each of these categories was further subdivided into nine mutational categories on the basis of the single-nucleotide substitution type. Thus, 45 functional/mutational categories were analyzed. The relative mutation rate in each mutational category was estimated on the basis of published data. The proportion of segregating sites (PSSs) for each functional/mutational category was estimated by dividing the observed number of SNPs by the number of potential sites in the genome for a given functional/mutational category. By analyzing each functional group separately, we found significant positive correlations between PSSs and relative mutation rates (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, at least r=0.95, df=9, P
Oncology Patient Smoking Cessation Treatment Preferences: Perceptions Across Former and Current Cigarette Smokers

Although the benefits of smoking cessation following a cancer diagnosis have been well-established, up to 50% of cancer patients continue to smoke. Continued smoking through oncology treatment leads to increased risk of adverse events including reduced effectiveness of treatment, recurrence of additional malignancies, and reduced survival rates. Upon the cancer diagnosis, oncology healthcare providers become the primary trusted source of information and support, which represents a great opportunity to assist these patients to quit smoking. However, it remains unclear how oncology healthcare providers can best address smoking cessation from a patient-centered perspective. The present study surveyed oncology patients from Birmingham, AL, classified as either former (n = 174) or current smokers (n = 81) to identify their perceptions regarding the role of oncology healthcare providers in their smoking cessation efforts. Current smokers were more likely to be younger, received their cancer diagnosis within the past 3 years, and have a cancer diagnosis with high smoking-related public awareness (i.e., head, neck, or lung) compared to former smokers. Additionally, 81% of current smokers reported experiencing smoking cessation discussions with their oncology healthcare providers with the most prominent recommendations being use of nicotine replacement therapies (46.9%) and medication (35.8%). These smoking cessation experiences align with patient preferences. However, despite the frequency of smoking cessation discussions, current smokers demonstrated an ambivalence in understanding the risks of continued smoking during their medical treatment. Overall, this study highlights the important role of oncology healthcare providers on implementing smoking cessation intervention for their patients who continue to smoke.
LYMPHOID CELLS DIFFERENTIATED WITH RESPECT TO VARIETY OF THEIR IMMUNOGLOBULIN PRODUCT

Publisher Summary This chapter presents lymphoid cells differentiated with respect to variety of their immunoglobulin product. The influence of the antigen on the differentiation of lymphoid cells with respect to the molecular form and the antibody specificity of their product remains enigmatic. Just as normal cells and myeloma cells each appear to synthesize a single, homogeneous molecular form of immunoglobulin, normal cells each synthesize a single, homogeneous antibody function. Thus, the mixture of antibodies in serum is contributed by many cells, and certain of its cross-reacting properties seem to be conferred by the products of relatively few cells, which make their own peculiar molecules. The specificity of some of these molecules may be such that they react even better with the heterologous determinant than the one on the immunogen. Thus, the antigen may at most cause selective stimulation and proliferation of cells that are precommitted to making a particular molecular form of antibody with the appropriate specificity. The transient increases in IgM cells after antigenic challenge may only reflect earlier maturation and display of product by cells precommitted to make this kind of molecule. Changes in the proportion of cells with certain allotypic markers following antigen stimulation may hint at some relationship between certain patterns of residue replacements conferring antibody specificity and those recognized as allotypic markers.
Pressure in the canal of Schlemm and its relation to the site of resistance to outflow of aqueous humor in the eyes of Ethiopian green monkeys.

A simultaneous recording of pressures in the anterior chamber and in the canal of Schlemm in living and dead monkey eyes was used to analyze the site of resistance to outflow of aqueous humor. The results were interpreted to indicate that under the experimental conditions the greatest part of resistance to outflow lay distal to the inner wall of the canal of Schlemm. A value for episcleral venous pressure ivas obtained by direct measurement. It was also determined that a significant back pressure builds up rapidly with increasing intraocular pressure. Possible sources of error were discussed. Species differences as well as the experimental design and technique may account for the contrasting observations made in human eyes.
Axis porcinus (Hog deer)

Fibroblast cultures are the source of karyotypes depicted. Stock is frozen. Both animals come from the San Diego Zoo. Sex chromosomes are not positively identified, other than by size. Only one previous animal from the Catskill Game Farm, N.Y. has been studied with identical findings.
Neurobiology in Statu Nascendi

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an introduction to neurobiology. Much less is known about the way the billions of neurons acquire those intrinsic characteristics that define their later functional idioms. Some seem to be preprogrammed at an early stage, others seem to gain specifications secondarily from their surroundings or contacts, and others remain consistently pluripotent. Conclusive evidence is that early preprogramming of neurons is a fact that is manifested by Mauthner cells of amphibian larvae, a pair of single neurons in the medulla, distinctive by their giant sizes and destined for some sensory function in aquatic life. Studies show that a small fragment of future medulla of an egg in neurulation, explanted into a neutral medium, will still give rise to a singular giant Mauthner cell amidst a mass of conventionally small-sized neurons. Aside from its gigantism, this peculiar cell also seems pre-endowed with the potential for its specific future reactivity. According to Weiss and Rossetti, the larva of Xenopus grows conspicuously for about a month and so do its two Mauthner cells. Thyroid secretion then supervenes and transforms the larva into the metamorphosed frog, which continues to grow. While the other brain cells likewise keep enlarging, the two Mauthner cells shrink down to indistinctiveness. No external intervention, such as amputating the tail, transecting the long Mauthner fibers, etc., has any effect.
Strategies for effective recruitment of individuals at risk for developing psychosis.

Aim: Early identification of individuals in the prodrome and first episode of psychosis can lead to pre-emptive intervention and perhaps prevention of the significant functional decline that often accompanies a first psychotic episode. The development of an extensive community outreach and education campaign is essential for programmes that aim to identify and treat individuals in the early stages of psychotic illness. Methods: Over the last decade, the Cognitive Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) programme at the University of California San Diego has implemented a recruitment strategy to increase public awareness about early psychosis and establish community collaboration in San Diego county. Educational materials were distributed to community partners, local media and via the Internet. The number and pattern of referrals were then analysed to inform ongoing recruitment efforts. Results: Overall, 799 referrals were telephone screened. Of the 313 who completed diagnostic interviews, 223 were enrolled including 122 in an ‘At Risk’ state and 101 in an early psychotic episode. The majority who met inclusion criteria were referred by outpatient mental health practitioners (46.6%), whereas 16.1% came from inpatient facilities and 16.1% were from Internet sites. Other important referral sources were the public schools, community colleges and the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Conclusions: The successful recruitment efforts of the CARE programme reflect not only the extensive educational outreach but also the emphasis on enhancing professional relationships with community partners. The Internet became an important source of information and referrals and will likely be an essential component of any public education campaign.
A Review of: “Incest: A New Perspective”

Therapists or individuals interested in analyzing the arts or discussing philosophy will enjoy Mary Hamer's book Incest: A new perspective. The author, a Fellow of the W.E.B. DuBois Institute at Ha...
Adaptive clinical trial designs to detect interaction between treatment and a dichotomous biomarker

Biomarkers play a crucial role in the design and analysis of clinical trials for personalized medicine. One major goal of these trials is to derive an optimal treatment scheme based on each patient's biomarker level. Although completely randomized trials may be employed, a more efficient design can be attained when patients are adaptively allocated to different treatments throughout the trial using biomarker information. Therefore, we propose a new adaptive allocation method based on using multiple regression models to study treatment–biomarker interactions. We show that this perspective simplifies the derivation of optimal allocations. Moreover, when implemented in real clinical trials, our method can consolidate all the covariates which may not be related to the treatment–biomarker interaction for a joint analysis. Our general idea can be applied to diverse models to derive optimal allocations. Simulation results show that both the optimal allocation and the proposed design can lead to a more efficient trial. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 525–539; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada Resume Les biomarqueurs jouent un role essentiel dans la conception et l'analyse d'essais cliniques en medecine personnalisee. L'un des objectifs principaux de ces essais consiste a mettre au point un plan de traitement optimal fonde sur le niveau des biomarqueurs de chaque patient. Bien que des essais entierement randomises soient possibles, un plan plus efficace peut etre obtenu en repartisssant les patients entre les traitements de facon adaptative au cours de l'essai en se basant sur l'information provenant des biomarqueurs. Ainsi, les auteurs proposent une nouvelle methode adaptative de repartition basee sur des modeles de regression multiple evaluant les interactions entre le traitement et les biomarqueurs. Les auteurs montrent que cette technique simplifie les calculs menant a la determination optimale du traitement. De plus, lorsqu'elle est appliquee a de veritables essais cliniques, la methode proposee peut consolider toutes les covariables qui ne sont pas necessairement liees a l'interaction entre le traitement et les biomarqueurs dans le cadre d'une analyse commune. Le concept general des auteurs peut etre applique a divers modeles en vue d’etablir l'assignation optimale. Des simulations montrent que la methode proposee et l'assignation optimale au traitement peuvent mener a des essais plus efficaces. La revue canadienne de statistique 41: 525–539; 2013 © 2013 Societe statistique du Canada
A comparison of two methods of instruction (inquiry versus verification) with respect to instructional preferences of secondary school science teachers in an astronomy inservice institute

If teachers are participants in a learning situation which utilizes a certain method of instruction, are they more likely to express a preference for: (a) learning by that method (learning instructional preference), (b) teaching by that method (teaching instructional preference)? For this study there are two instructional methods defined: The Inquiry Method and the V erification Method.
Explanation of Light/Dark Superposition Failure in CIGS Solar Cells

CIGS solar cells in many cases show a failure of light/dark superposition of their current-voltage (J-V) curves. Such failure generally becomes more pronounced at lower temperatures. J-V measurements under red light may also show an additional distortion, known historically as the “red kink”. The proposed explanation is that a secondary barrier results from the conduction band offset between CIGS and the commonly employed CdS window layer. This barrier produces a second diode with the same polarity and in series with the primary photodiode. The secondary-diode barrier height is modified by photoinduced changes of trap occupancy in the CdS layer, hence creating a voltage shift between dark and light conditions. Numerical modeling of the proposed explanation, including a band offset consistent with experimental and theoretical values, gives a very good fit to measured light and dark J-V curves over a wide temperature range. It also predicts the observed difference between illuminated J-V curves with photon energy above the CdS band gap, and those with sub-band-gap illumination.
A Study Of Passenger Perception And Sensitivity To Airport Backscatter X-Ray Technologies

Because of September 11, security continues to be a concern in the airline business. Enhancing airport security is one of the highest considerations of the federal government, which is currently employing electromagnetic screening systems and metal detection portal technologies, in order to screen airline passengers for hazardous metallic objects. Improving security is considered critical in mitigating the perceived risk of terrorism and threat, though privacy sensitivity is frequently a consideration if not a concern of passengers. This study analyzes factors of public acceptability of airport backscatter screening systems, in a current survey of passengers in New York City and in Tel Aviv. The study furnishes findings that may benefit administrators in the federal government in the implementation of x-ray screening systems that are cognizant of not only the risk of terrorism but also of public sensitivity to intrusive technologies.