cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase content of murine T and B lymphocytes

Murine splenic lymphocytes have been separated by non-activating procedures into enriched T and B cell populations. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) activity has been measured in those separated cell types by histone phosphorylation. As in other tissues, lymphocyte cAPK activity was found to be predominantly a soluble enzyme. By an analysis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) activation of enzyme activity it was shown that: (1) the basal activities were indistinguishable between these major lymphocyte subpopulations, (2) the Ka values for cAMP activation were identical for the two cell types (24 nM cAMP), and (3) the Vmax for enzyme activity was higher in T (5.47 pmole/min/10(6) cells) than in B (3.58 pmole/min/10(6) cells) cells. DEAE-cellulose chromatography experiments with mixed and enriched splenic lymphocyte populations extended and amplified this quantitative difference between T and B cells.
Mid-Infrared Spectrum of the Gas-Phase Ethyl Peroxy Radical: C2H5OO

The mid-IR spectrum of gas-phase C2H5OO has been measured over the spectral range of 800−4000 cm-1. The employed experimental technique was long-path-length absorption in which a White cell was coupled to an FTIR spectrometer. Radicals were generated in a mixing manifold prior to the absorption cell by passing an F2/He mixture through a microwave discharge to create fluorine atoms followed by the reaction of atomic fluorine with an ethane/oxygen mixture. A number of absorption bands were observed to increase in intensity with increasing atomic fluorine concentration. Verification that the observed bands originated from the ethyl peroxy radical was done first by comparing measured band frequencies with the spectra of possible secondary reaction products and second by titrating C2H5OO• with excess nitric oxide and observing the nitrogen dioxide and ethyl nitrite products that ultimately result from the titration reaction. Bands were assigned to normal modes of C2H5OO• through comparing the observed band pos...
MAOA, childhood maltreatment and antisocial behavior: Meta-analysis of a gene-environment interaction

BACKGROUND: In a seminal study of gene-environment interaction, childhood maltreatment predicted antisocial behavior more strongly in male subjects carrying an MAOA promoter variant of lesser, compared with higher, transcriptional efficiency. Many further investigations have been reported, including studies of other early environmental exposures and female subjects. Here, we report a meta-analysis of studies testing the interaction of MAOA genotype and childhood adversities on antisocial outcomes in predominantly nonclinical samples. METHODS: Included were 27 peer-reviewed, English-language studies published through August, 2012, that contained indicators of maltreatment or other family (e.g., parenting, sociodemographic) hardships; MAOA genotype; indices of aggressive and antisocial behavior; and statistical test of genotype-environment interaction. Studies of forensic and exclusively clinical samples, clinical cohorts lacking proportionally matched control subjects, or outcomes nonspecific for antisocial behavior were excluded. The Liptak-Stouffer weighted Z-test for meta-analysis was implemented to maximize study inclusion and calculated separately for male and female cohorts. RESULTS: Across 20 male cohorts, early adversity presaged antisocial outcomes more strongly for low-activity, relative to high- activity, MAOA genotype (p = .0028). Stratified analyses showed the interaction specific to maltreatment (p = .0000002) and robust to several sensitivity analyses. Across 11 female cohorts, MAOA did not interact with combined early life adversities, whereas maltreatment alone predicted antisocial behaviors preferentially, but weakly, in female subjects of high-activity MAOA genotype (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: We found common regulatory variation in MAOA to moderate effects of childhood maltreatment on male antisocial behaviors, confirming a sentinel finding in research on gene-environment interaction. An analogous, but less consistent, finding in female subjects warrants further investigation. Language: en
Infrared spectrum and force constants of silyl-d3 iodide

Abstract The infrared spectrum of gaseous SiD3I has been examined in the region from 4000 to 300 cm−1 and all six of the fundamentals observed and assigned. The hitherto unobserved ν3 fundamental of SiH3I is also reported. The Coriolis zeta constants and vibrational force constants for SiD3I are discussed.
Consequences of Symmetry Breaking in Triplet-Exciton Fusion

The magnetic field dependence of the fusion rate between inequivalent triplet excitons (free and trapped triplets in tetracene-doped anthracene crystals) is qualitatively different from that between equivalent excitons. Additional high-field level-crossing resonances and a new low-field dip appear in delayed fluorescence at room temperature.
Robosphere: Self Sustaining Robotic Ecologies as Precursors to Human Planetary Exploration

The present sequential mission oriented approach to robotic planetary exploration, could be changed to an infrastructure building approach where a robotic presence is permanent, self sustaining and growing with each mission. We call this self-sustaining robotic ecology approach robosphere and discuss the technological issues that need to be addressed before this concept can be realized. One of the major advantages of this approach is that a robosphere would include much of the infrastructure required by human explorers and would thus lower the preparation and risk threshold inherent in the transition from robotic to human exploration. In this context we discuss some implications for space architecture.
Radiative Instabilities in Three-Dimensional Astrophysical Masers

Inherent instabilities in the radiative transfer for astrophysical masers have been recognized and calculated in the linear maser idealization in our previous investigations. The same instabilities are now shown to occur in the more realistic, three-dimensional geometries. Fluctuations in the emergent flux result and may be related to the observed fluctuations in the radiative flux from the 1665 MHz OH masers that have been reported to occur on timescales as short as 1000 s. The time-dependent differential equations of radiative transfer are solved numerically for three-dimensional astrophysical masers. Computations are performed for spherical and elongated (rectangular parallelepiped) geometries.
Mathematical software for Sturm-Liouville problems

Software is described for the Sturm-Liouville eigenproblem. Eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and spectral density functions can be estimated with global error control. The method of approximating the coefficients forms the mathematical basis. The underlying algorithms are briefly described, and several examples are presented.
Anomalous sorption of supercritical fluids on polymer thin films.

Unusual sorption has been reported in thin polymer films exposed to near-critical CO2. When the supercritical fluid approaches the critical point, the film appears to thicken, but it is not clear w...
A comparison of tumor-related antigens in male and female breast cancer.

A retrospective analysis was undertaken in which 15 female and 15 male breast cancers were matched by age, stage, estrogen receptor status, and histologic type. Our protocol compares male and female breast cancers for reactivity with antibodies against tumor-associated antigens known to be present on female breast cancer cells. Formalin-fixed sections of each primary tumor were reacted in the ABC immunoperoxidase assay against antibodies B72.3 and DF.3 and an antibody to theras p21 antigen. Reactivity to B72.3 and DF.3 was similar. However, the ras p21 antigen was expressed to a significantly greater extent in female breast cancers (p = .0008). Thus, although there are similarities in antigenic phenotype of male and female breast cancers, some female breast cancers may have a different pathogenesis as demonstrated by increased amounts of a specific oncogene product.
Designing clustered multiprocessor systems under packaging and technological advancements

Clustered or hierarchical interconnections have advantages when designing large scale multiprocessor systems. Earlier studies have either focused on only flat interconnections or proposed hierarchical/clustered interconnections with limited packaging and demanded performance constraints. Large systems require several levels of packaging. Packaging technologies impose various physical constraints on bisection bandwidth and channel width of a system. Pinout technologies and the capacity of packaging modules have been ignored in earlier studies, often leading to configurations that are not design-feasible. Similarly, the impact of processor and interconnect technologies on demanded performance has not been considered. We propose a new supply-demand framework for multiprocessor system design by considering packaging, processor, and interconnect technologies in an integrated manner. The elegance of this framework lies in its parameterised representation of different technologies. For a given set of technological parameters the framework derives the best configuration while considering practical design aspects like maximum board area, maximum available pinout, fixed channel width, and scalability. In order to build a scalable parallel system with a given number of processors, the framework explores the design space of flat k-ary n-cube topologies and their clustered variations (k-ary n-cube cluster-c) to derive design-feasible configurations with best system performance.
Information Technology and the Future of Cities: An Alternative Analysis:

How will advances in telecommunications technology affect urban development? In this paper, we develop a general model where individuals involved in relationships use two modes of interaction, face-to-face and electronic communication. Each individual chooses the amount of interaction of each type to maximise her net pay-off from the relationships. Improvements in telecommunications technology may increase or decrease the demand for face-to-face interactions, depending on whether the cross-price elasticity of demand between face-to-face interactions and telecommunications is positive or negative. Embedding the model within a simple spatial framework shows that city size increases with electronic communications if the cross-elasticity is negative. The model presented here is closely related to that of Gaspar and Glaeser, and its conclusions are virtually identical, but they are derived from a simpler and arguably more descriptively accurate representation of the interdependence between face-to-face interac...
An analysis of advanced C.S. students' experience with software maintenance

Maintenance accounts for a very large portion of total software cost and effort in industry. Yet computer science students are seldom exposed to this in their training. This study investigated advanced CS students' reactions to doing a maintenance project. A survey was used to examine their attitudes towards doing maintenance, the maintenance strategies they used, the value of the experience, and their assessments of the maintainability of the original program. Most students found it a valuable learning experience. A wide disparity was found in their perceptions of the maintainability of the original program.
Evaluation of a simple model of ethanol drinking to intoxication in C57BL/6J mice.

Because of intrinsic differences between humans and mice, no single mouse model can represent all features of a complex human trait such as alcoholism. It is therefore necessary to develop partial models. One important feature is drinking to the point where blood ethanol concentration (BEC) reaches levels that have measurable affects on physiology and/or behavior (>1.0 mg ethanol/ml blood). Most models currently in use examine relative oral self-administration from a bottle containing alcohol versus one containing water (two-bottle preference drinking), or oral operant self-administration. In these procedures, it is not clear when or if the animals drink to pharmacologically significant levels because the drinking is episodic and often occurs over a 24-h period. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal parameters and evaluate the reliability of a very simple procedure, taking advantage of a mouse genotype (C57BL/6J) that is known to drink large quantities of ethanol. We exchanged for the water bottle a solution containing ethanol in tap water for a limited period, early in the dark cycle, in the home cage. Mice regularly drank sufficient ethanol to achieve BEC>1.0 mg ethanol/ml blood. The concentration of ethanol offered (10%, 20% or 30%) did not affect consumption in g ethanol/kg body weight. The highest average BEC (∼1.6 mg/ml) occurred when the water-to-ethanol switch occurred 3 h into the dark cycle, and when the ethanol was offered for 4 rather than 2 h. Ethanol consumption was consistent within individual mice, and reliably predicted BEC after the period of ethanol access. C57BL/6J mice from three sources provided equivalent data, while DBA/2J mice drank much less than C57BL/6J in this test. We discuss advantages of the model for high-throughput screening assays where the goal is to find other genotypes of mice that drink excessively, or to screen drugs for their efficacy in blocking excessive drinking.
Phospholipid composition, cholesterol content and cholesterol exchange in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells.

The membrane lipid composition and [3H]cholesterol exchange rate were studied in both normal human erythrocytes and those infected with the human malaria Plasmodium falciparum. The host cell membrane was separated from parasite membranes using the Affigel (731) bead method. The purity of the membrane preparation was very high, as judged by SDS-PAGE, and in several instances was estimated to be >98% as determined by the activity of the parasite membrane-specific enzyme, choline phosphotransferase. No difference was found in the content of phosphatidylethanolamine and only small charges were observed for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine. The sphingomyelin content in red cell membranes of both trophozoite- and schizont-infected cells was up to 47% less than that of uninfected cells, and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was decreased 55%. Trophozoite-and schizont-infected cells exchanged 29 and 33% less cholesterol, respectively, than uninfected cells. These changes in lipid composition and cholesterol exchange could have a marked effect on the function of the red cell membrane of malaria-infected cells and may be responsible, in part, for the increased fluidity and permeability of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes.
ROBERT J. BAUMGARDNER (ed.), South Asian English: Structure, use, and users . (English in the global context.) Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996. Pp. xx, 286. Hb $44.95, pb $16.95.

Fifty years after the nations of South Asia gained their independence from Britain, the language of the colonialists remains very much alive in the region. In fact, in some respects it is even more alive than at the time of departure – as witnessed by the efflorescence of South Asian writers in English of international stature, to the extent that the New Yorker has devoted the major part of an issue to them (June 23–30, 1997).
QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL IN A WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM LABORATORY COLONY

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to compare the genetic profile of a western spruce budworm colony in its 88th non diapausing generation to a wild population from the same geographical location as one of the colony's ancestral groups. Nei's genetic identity, calculated over 20 gene loci (12 polymorphic) between the two populations, was 0.995. However, heterozygosity in the laboratory group was reduced by the apparent loss of 15 alleles. Loss of heterozygosity has not been manifested in reduced quality of the insects for research purposes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Qualitatskontrolle in einer Laboratoriumskolonie von Choristoneura occidentalis. Um das genetische Profil einer Kolonie von Choristoneura occidentalis in ihrer 88. Nondiapausegeneration zu vergleichen mit einer Wildpopulation aus derselben Gegend wie ein Teil des Ursprungsmaterials der Kolonie, wurde die Starkegelelektrophorese verwendet. Der Index genetischer Ubereinstimmung beider Populationen nach Nei berechnet uber 20 Genloci (12 polymorphe) betrug 0,995. Indessen war die Heterozygotie im Laboratoriumstamm durch den offensichtlichen Verlust von 15 Allelen reduziert. Der Verlust an Heterozygotie wirkte sich aber nicht in einem Qualitatsverlust der Insekten fur Forschungszwecke aus.
In vivo efficacy of a chitosan/IL-12 adjuvant system for protein-based vaccines.

Vaccines based on recombinant proteins require adjuvant systems in order to generate Th1-type immune responses. We have developed a vaccine adjuvant system using a viscous chitosan solution and interleukin (IL)-12, a Th1-inducing cytokine. The chitosan solution is designed to create a depot of antigen and IL-12 at a subcutaneous injection site. We measured the in vivo immune response of a vaccine containing 0.25, 1, or 4 μg murine IL-12 and 75 μg ovalbumin (OVA), formulated in a 1.5% chitosan glutamate solution. The chitosan/IL-12/OVA vaccine, in comparison to chitosan/OVA, IL-12/OVA, or OVA alone, elicited greater antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, as determined by CD4+ splenocyte proliferation, Th1 cytokine release, CD8+ T-cell interferon-γ release, and MHC class I peptide pentamer staining. The combination of chitosan and IL-12 also enhanced IgG2a and IgG2b antibody responses to OVA. Co-formulation of chitosan and IL-12 thus promoted the generation of a Th1 immune response to a model protein vaccine.
Pelagic Sargassum: Evidence for a major decrease in biomass

A survey of pelagic Sargassum spp. in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico between 1977 and 1981 showed that the biomass of the plants in the Sargasso Sea was <6% of the values in 1933 to 1935. There were also major decreases in the Gulf of Mexico, in the slope water mass of North America, and near Bahama Islands. The drastic reduction over the past half century may be related to an increase in anthropogenic materials in the ocean.
Serum Uric Acid and Achievement in High School

The relationship of serum uric acid concentration and school achievement was studied in 467 high school children in Tecumseh, Michigan. Serum uric acid (SUA) was determined by the spectrophotometric method. No statistically significant relationships were found between SUA and intelligence quotient or average academic grades. There was also no significant difference in SUA among the overachievers (higher grade point average than predicted by IQ) as compared to the underachievers.
Heart period sensitivity to forced oscillations in ventilatory pressure

Heart rate variability analysis is a dynamic method to estimate the autonomic control over the cardiac cycle. Although dysfunction in this control system may appear spontaneously, other deficits may require provocation of the system. In this article we describe a non-invasive method to perturb the autonomic influences on the cardiac cycle. We recorded the ECG and respiratory pressure of ten healthy volunteers while introducing a random forced oscillation pressure wave onto spontaneous respiration. The heart period time series was determined and the power spectra for the 0.05-0.15, 0.15-0.3 and 0.05-0.4 Hz bands were calculated. The random input did not alter mean heart rate. However, the segments with the forced oscillation input demonstrated, on average, a tenfold increase in spectral power averaged across all subjects, with a maximum observed effect of 100-fold increase in power. This increase in power correlated with the respiratory frequency. This study demonstrates that random noise ventilation, such as used in respiratory forced oscillation impedance estimates, significantly alters the autonomic input to cardiac cycle variability in wake subjects.
The Intrinsic Absorber in QSO 2359–1241: Keck and Hubble Space Telescope Observations

We present detailed analyses of the absorption spectrum seen in QSO 2359-1241 (NVSS J235953-124148). Keck HIRES data reveal absorption from 20 transitions arising from He I, Mg I, Mg II, Ca II, and Fe II. Hubble Space Telescope data show broad absorption lines (BALs) from Al III ?1857, C IV ?1549, Si IV ?1397, and N V??1240. Absorption from excited Fe II states constrains the temperature of the absorber to 2000 T 10,000 K and puts a lower limit of 105 cm-3 on the electron number density. Saturation diagnostics show that the real column densities of He I and Fe II can be determined, allowing us to derive meaningful constraints on the ionization equilibrium and abundances in the flow. The ionization parameter is constrained by the iron, helium, and magnesium data to -3.0 log(U) -2.5, and the observed column densities can be reproduced without assuming departure from solar abundances. From comparison of the He I and Fe II absorption features, we infer that the outflow seen in QSO 2359-1241 is not shielded by a hydrogen ionization front and therefore that the existence of low-ionization species in the outflow (e.g., Mg II, Al III, Fe II) does not necessitate the existence of such a front. We find that the velocity width of the absorption systematically increases as a function of ionization and to a lesser extent with abundance. Complementary analyses of the radio and polarization properties of the object are discussed in a companion paper (Brotherton et al.).
Why Performance Information Use Varies Among Public Managers: Testing Manager-Related Explanations

ABSTRACT This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It begins with a systematic review of the literature which concludes that we know relatively little about the individual characteristics of managers who report a frequent use of these data. Studies that have focused on people-related explanations have mostly tested socio-demographic variables but have only found inconclusive evidence. This article suggests theorizing more complex individual explanations. Drawing from other fields' middle-range theories, the article speculates about the effects of thus far disregarded manager-related factors. An empirical test based on survey data from German cities reveals the following preliminary findings: performance information use is explained by a high level of data ownership, creative cognitive learning preferences, the absence of cynicism, and a distinct public service motivation. Identity and emotional intelligence were found to be insignificant along with the managers' socio-de...
Ultrastructural analysis of primary endings in deaf white cats: Morphologic alterations in endbulbs of held

Changes in structure and function of the auditory system can be produced by experimentally manipulating the sensory environment, and especially dramatic effects result from deprivation procedures. An alternative deprivation strategy utilizes naturally occurring lesions. The congenitally deaf white cat represents an animal model of sensory deprivation because it mimics a form of human deafness called the Scheibe deformity and permits studies of how central neurons react to early-onset cochlear degeneration. We studied the synaptic characteristics of the endbulb of Held, a prominent auditory nerve terminal in the cochlear nucleus. Endbulbs arise from the ascending branch of the auditory nerve fiber and contact the cell body of spherical bushy cells. After 6 months, endbulbs of deaf white cats exhibit alterations in structure that are clearly distinguishable from those of normal hearing cats, including a diminution in terminal branching, a reduction in synaptic vesicle density, structural abnormalities in mitochondria, thickening of the pre- and postsynaptic densities, and enlargement of synapse size. The hypertrophied membrane densities are suggestive of a compensatory response to diminished transmitter release. These data reveal that early-onset, long-term deafness produces unambiguous alterations in synaptic structure and may be relevant to rehabilitation strategies that promote aural/oral communication.
Thermal and mechanical phenomena in micromechanical optics

As the size of mechanical devices decreases and their power-handling specifications increase, thermal effects will become more and more important. This article is a basic survey of some of the most commonly seen thermal effects in micromechanical optics. The fundamental heat transfer mechanisms of conduction, convection, and radiation are quickly reviewed in regard to typical micromirror-type plates, and a simple measurement technique to extract thermal conductance is described. Interface thermal conductance is discussed in the light of recent experimental results on actuated micromechanical structures and squeeze-film theory. A new class of devices with tunable thermal conductance using controlled interface contact is discussed. Of particular interest are thermal IR detectors with extended dynamic range. Thermal expansion deformation is particularly detrimental to optics with two or more thin film layers. This is described in terms of an analytical elastic model, but the limitations of this are discussed in light of recent research. The model leads to a method for controlling thermal deformation, and micromirror devices are shown that are thermally invariant within λ/60 over at least 37°C. Finally, thermal fluctuation noise is described and shown to limit the finesse of high performance micromachined optical cavities and degrade the sensitivity of thermal nanomechanical detectors.
Relaxation practice after biofeedback therapy: a long-term follow-up study of utilization and effectiveness.

This follow-up study 1 to 5 years after biofeedback therapy, involving 58 patients in six diagnostic groups (migraine headache, tension headache, mixed headache, chronic pain, anxiety, and essential hypertension), revealed that 86% of the patients who continued to practice relaxation techniques improved, while only 50% of those who had stopped practice improved (p=.04). Among the patients who improved, 91% had continued to practice and only 9% had stopped practice, while among the patients who did not improve, 63% had continued to practice and 36% had stopped practice. Patients who were practicing only “occasionally,” “as needed,” or “when stressed” improved as much as or more than those who practiced regularly and frequently (i.e., at least weekly): 89% versus 77% improved, respectively (p=n.s). There was no difference in the occurrence or frequency of relaxation practice between patients who have been out of therapy 3 to 5 years and those who completed therapy more recently, or between those who were in brief versus longer-term therapy. Although continued relaxation practice is significantly related to the maintenance of long-term improvement, a few patients manage to improve without it, or continue to practice yet relapse. Furthermore, it appears that only occasional relaxation practice after therapy is sufficient to maintain long-term therapeutic gains.
Vocal communication in captive golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae)

The Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey,Rhinopithecus roxellanae, is an endangered Colobine endemic to China. The behavior and biology of this species are little known, and it has rarely been kept in captivity outside China. Results from 42 hr of observations of a male-female golden monkey pair provide preliminary information on the vocal behavior of this species in captivity.
Student Knowledgeability, Student Sex, Class Size, and Class Level: Their Interactions and Influences on Student Ratings of Instruction.

Student knowledgeability, class size, and class level were found to significantly influence students' ratings of instruction. In general, the more knowledgeable the student in an area, the higher his ratings of courses and instructors in that area. Also, large courses and advanced courses were most highly rated by students. The effect of student sex on student ratings of instruction varied as a function of the particular aspect of instruction being evaluated. Significant interactions among the four main effects were also found across the judgmental dimensions students utilized in evaluating instruction, as assessed by factor analysis. Student knowledgeability and class size were found to be the main predictors of student ratings on these dimensions.
Anomalous dimensions, supersymmetry and the Adler-Bardeen theorem

Abstract It is shown that in N =1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory there is no contradiction between the Adler-Bardeen theorem and the fact that the anomalies lie in a supermultiplet.
Quantifying and Interpreting Striations in a Subtropical Gyre: A Spectral Perspective

AbstractThe amplitude, origin, and direction of striations in the subtropical gyre are investigated using simulated and analytical multidimensional spectra. Striations, defined as banded structures in the low-frequency motions, account for a noticeable percentage of zonal velocity variability in the east North Pacific (ENP: 25°–42°N, 150°–130°W) and central North Pacific (CNP: 10°–22°N, 132°E–162°W) regions in an eddying global ocean model. Thus, they likely are nonnegligible in mixing and transport processes. Striations in the ENP region are nonzonal and are embedded in the nonzonal gyre flow, whereas striations in the CNP region are more zonal, as are the mean gyre flows. An idealized 1.5-layer model shows the gyre flow partially determines their directions, which qualitatively resemble those in the global eddying model. In the linear limit, structures are quasi-stationary (frequency ω → 0) linear Rossby waves and the gyre flow influences the direction by influencing the nature of the zero Rossby wave f...
Accuracy of an Intimate Partner Violence Screening Tool for Female VHA Patients: A Replication and Extension

The 4-item Hurt/Insult/Threaten/Scream (HITS) tool accurately detects past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) among female Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients; however, it lacks a sexual IPV item. This study evaluated the accuracy of an extended HITS (E-HITS), which adds a sexual IPV item, in female VHA patients. A sample of 80 female U.S. veteran VHA patients in New England completed a mail survey (50.0% response rate) that included the 5-item E-HITS and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2). Women were included if they were in an intimate relationship in the past year. The women averaged 49 years of age and 86.0% of the sample was White. Accuracy of the 4-item HITS was compared to the 5-item E-HITS, using the CTS-2 as the reference. There were 20 women (25.0%) who reported past-year IPV on the CTS-2. The receiver operator characteristic curves demonstrated that the HITS and E-HITS performed nearly identically at their optimal cutoff scores of 6 and 7, respectively. At these cutoff scores, the sensitivity of both tools was .75, 95% CI [.55, .95]. The specificities were similar; .83 for the HITS, 95% CI [.73, .92], and .82 for the E-HITS, 95% CI [.72, .90]. Including a sexual IPV item may be clinically beneficial; it also attains the same accuracy of case identification as the HITS.
Leaching of Saltstone

A modified IAEA leach test was used to evaluate the relative performance of potential saltstone formulations. The effects of sample size and leach rates for specific ions were determined. Nitrite, nitrate, sodium, and sulfate are listed in order of decreasing leach rates and effective diffusivities for saturated leaching of saltstone. This paper discusses the results of the testing.
Extending the decision field theory to model operators' reliance on automation in supervisory control situations

Appropriate trust in and reliance on automation are critical for safe and efficient system operation. This paper fills an important research gap by describing a quantitative model of trust in automation. We extend decision field theory (DFT) to describe the multiple sequential decisions that characterize reliance on automation in supervisory control situations. Extended DFT (EDFT) represents an iterated decision process and the evolution of operator preference for automatic and manual control. The EDFT model predicts trust and reliance, and describes the dynamic interaction between operator and automation in a closed-loop fashion: the products of earlier decisions can transform the nature of later events and decisions. The simulation results show that the EDFT model captures several consistent empirical findings, such as the inertia of trust and the nonlinear characteristics of trust and reliance. The model also demonstrates the effects of different types of automation on trust and reliance. It is possible to expand the EDFT model for multioperator multiautomation situations
Alterations in DNA methylation of Fkbp5 as a determinant of blood–brain correlation of glucocorticoid exposure

Summary Background: Epigenetic studies that utilize peripheral tissues to identify molecular substrates of neuropsychiatric disorders rely on the assumption that disease-relevant, cellular alterations that occur in the brain are mirrored and detectable in peripheral tissues such as blood. We sought to test this assumption by using a mouse model of Cushing’s disease and asking whether epigenetic changes induced by glucocorticoids can be correlated between these tissue types. Methods: Mice were treated with different doses of glucocorticoids in their drinking water for four weeks to assess gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in the stress response gene Fkbp5. Results: Significant linear relationships were observed between DNAm and four-week mean plasma corticosterone levels for both blood (R 2 = 0.68, P = 7.1 10 10 ) and brain (R 2 = 0.33, P = 0.001). Further, degree of methylation change in blood correlated significantly with both methylation (R 2 = 0.49, P = 2.7 10 5 ) and expression (R 2 = 0.43, P = 3.5 10 5 ) changes in
NIK Prevents the Development of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome-like Disease in Mice Independent of IKKα Activation

Immune cell-mediated tissue injury is a common feature of different inflammatory diseases, yet the pathogenetic mechanisms and cell types involved vary significantly. Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) represents a group of inflammatory diseases that is characterized by increased numbers of pathogenic eosinophilic granulocytes in the peripheral blood and diverse organs. On the basis of clinical and laboratory findings, various forms of HES have been defined, yet the molecular mechanism and potential signaling pathways that drive eosinophil expansion remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that mice deficient of the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) develop a HES-like disease, reflected by progressive blood and tissue eosinophilia, tissue injury, and premature death at around 25–30 wk of age. Similar to the lymphocytic form of HES, CD4+ T cells from NIK-deficient mice express increased levels of Th2-associated cytokines, and eosinophilia and survival of NIK-deficient mice could be prevented completely by genetic ablation of CD4+ T cells. Experiments based on bone marrow chimeric mice, however, demonstrated that inflammation in NIK-deficient mice depended on radiation-resistant tissues, implicating that NIK-deficient immune cells mediate inflammation in a nonautonomous manner. Surprisingly, disease development was independent of NIK’s known function as an IκB kinase α (IKKα) kinase, because mice carrying a mutation in the activation loop of IKKα, which is phosphorylated by NIK, did not develop inflammatory disease. Our data show that NIK activity in nonhematopoietic cells controls Th2 cell development and prevents eosinophil-driven inflammatory disease, most likely using a signaling pathway that operates independent of the known NIK substrate IKKα.
Mediators of depression in adults with diabetes.

Several factors have been related to depression for people with diabetes, but mechanisms of depression in this population remain unclear. The purpose of this research was to test mastery and self-esteem as mediators of disease-related depression in people with diabetes. A sample of 180 adults ages 21 to 81 participated in the cross-sectional, correlational study. Mastery and self-esteem mediated the relationships between depression and two predictors, effects of diabetes complications and general social support. Feelings of self-esteem alone mediated the effect of regimen demands. The effect of diabetes on daily activities had a significant, direct (i.e., nonmediated) relationship to depressive symptoms. The entire model predicted 53% of variance in depression scores (p = .0001). These findings suggest nursing strategies for managing depression in patients with diabetes.
Experimental study of surface quality and damage when drilling unidirectional CFRP composites

a b s t r a c t In this study, an experimental investigation on the drilling of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (UD-CFRP) composite was conducted using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tipped eight facet drill. The quality of the drilled hole surface was examined through surface roughness measurements and surface damage by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that fiber pullout occurred in two specific sectors relative to the angle between the cutting direction and the fiber orientation. The thrust force was highly influenced by the feed rate than the cutting speed and it shows a significant variation throughout the rotation of the drill.
Delving Deeper Into the Construct of Preservice Teacher Beliefs About Reading Instruction for Students With Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to complete an in-depth examination of the construct of teacher beliefs by investigating preservice teachers’ beliefs about reading instruction for students with disabilities. Interview and artifact data were collected for 11 preservice teachers during a 10-month period. Dimensions of beliefs investigated were expressed beliefs and beliefs-in-use, the stability of beliefs, and sources of beliefs. Results indicate that preservice teachers’ beliefs systems are complex, made up of enduring, deeply rooted expressed beliefs as well as beliefs-in-use that are highly dependent on discipline-specific working knowledge. These beliefs are not the same in how they are formed or sustained; thus, an implication of this study’s findings is that researchers and teacher educators be more specific and explicit when describing studies of preservice teacher beliefs. Additional implications for future research and practice regarding the relationship between teacher beliefs and teacher education ...
Placement of the Sutureless Epicardial Pacemaker Lead by the Subxiphoid Approach

Abstract A transmediastinal approach to the heart to apply epicardial pacing leads has not been used in most clinics because the limited exposure makes positioning of the standard lead system difficult. The new sutureless epicardial lead can be easily applied through the subxiphoid approach using local anesthesia.
Supervised template estimation for document image decoding

An approach to supervised training of character templates from page images and unaligned transcriptions is proposed. The template training problem is formulated as one of constrained maximum likelihood parameter estimation within the document image decoding framework. This leads to a three-phase iterative training algorithm consisting of transcription alignment, aligned template estimation (ATE), and channel estimation steps. The maximum likelihood ATE problem is shown to be NP-complete and, thus, an approximate solution approach is developed. An evaluation of the training procedure in a document-specific decoding task, using the University of Washington UW-II database of scanned technical journal articles, is described.
Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in romantic relationships: a developmental perspective.

In this longitudinal study, the authors tested a developmental hypothesis derived from attachment theory and recent empirical findings. Target participants were 78 individuals who have been studied intensively from infancy into their mid-20s. When targets were 20 –23 years old, the authors tested the way in which interpersonal experiences at 3 pivotal points in each target’s earlier social development—infancy/early childhood, early elementary school, and adolescence—predicted the pattern of positive versus negative emotions experienced with his or her romantic partner. A double-mediation model revealed that targets classified as securely attached at 12 months old were rated as more socially competent during early elementary school by their teachers. Targets’ social competence, in turn, forecasted their having more secure relationships with close friends at age 16, which in turn predicted more positive daily emotional experiences in their adult romantic relationships (both self- and partner-reported) and less negative affect in conflict resolution and collaborative tasks with their romantic partners (rated by observers). These results are discussed in terms of attachment theory and how antecedent life experiences may indirectly shape events in current relationships.
Adaptive Differentiation of Quantitative Traits in the Globally Distributed Weed, Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

Weedy species with wide geographical distributions may face strong selection to adapt to new environments, which can lead to adaptive genetic differentiation among populations. However, genetic drift, particularly due to founder effects, will also commonly result in differentiation in colonizing species. To test whether selection has contributed to trait divergence, we compared differentiation at eight microsatellite loci (measured as FST) to differentiation of quantitative floral and phenological traits (measured as QST) of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) across populations from three continents. We sampled eight populations: seven naturalized populations and one from its native range. By comparing estimates of QST and FST, we found that petal size was the only floral trait that may have diverged more than expected due to drift alone, but inflorescence height, flowering time, and rosette formation have greatly diverged between the native and nonnative populations. Our results suggest the loss of a rosette and the evolution of early flowering time may have been the key adaptations enabling wild radish to become a major agricultural weed. Floral adaptation to different pollinators does not seem to have been as necessary for the success of wild radish in new environments.
Abstract 16764: Locally Produced SAMHD1 Immune Complexes Are Associated With the Development of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Introduction: Autoimmunity has been related to the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). We previously reported 35 IPAH-related antigens identified in immune complexes (ICs) in lungs from IPAH patients. Among these antigens, we validated increased ICs containing SAMHD1, an HIV1 restriction factor, in IPAH vs. donor control lungs. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that 1) viruses and/or inflammatory stimuli increase SAMHD1, which is released in exosomes and induces local production of antibodies, 2) SAMHD1 ICs are observed in experimental inflammatory pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. Methods: The viral signature of IPAH vs. control lung tissue was determined by high-throughput sequencing and validated by qPCR. Localization of SAMHD1 or SAMHD1 antibodies was determined by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was analyzed by western blot in lung tissue and in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) stimulated with TNFα. Experimental PH was ...
Supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the tentorial incisura and beyond

The supracerebellar transtentorial approach via a suboccipital craniotomy provides a corridor to reach lesions of the tentorial incisura and supratentorial lesions of the posterior medial basal temporal lobe, such as lesions of the posterior parahippocampal and fusiform gyri. The supracerebellar transtentorial approach obviates the need for either retraction of eloquent cortex or a transcortical route to reach lesions in this region. We present three cases that demonstrate the utility of this approach: a left-sided tentorial meningioma with superior projection, a left-sided posterior parahippocampal cavernous malformation, and a left-sided posterior parahippocampal grade 2 oligodendroglioma. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/OLnzUGZfUqk .
Asymmetric Aluminum Antennas for Self-Calibrating Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

While there has been a tremendous increase of recent interest in noble metal-based antennas as substrates for surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, more abundant and manufacturable metals may offer similar or additional opportunities for this mid-infrared sensing modality. Here we examine the feasibility of aluminum antennas for SEIRA, by designing and fabricating asymmetric aluminum cross antennas with nanometer-scale gaps. The asymmetric cross design enables the simultaneous detection of multiple infrared vibrational resonances over a broad region of the mid-infrared spectrum. The presence of the Al2O3 amorphous surface oxide layer not only passivates the metal antenna structures but also enables a very straightforward covalent binding chemistry for analyte molecules to the antenna through multiple approaches, in this case by the use of carboxylic acid functional groups. The aluminum–oxygen stretching mode of the oxide can be used as a self-calibration standard to quantify the number of ana...
Bouldings Lamentation And The Equilibrium Model Of Luca Pacioli: An Examination Of Cross-Disciplinary Misunderstandings

This treatise addresses an interdisciplinary issue addressed by Kenneth Boulding, who lamented the difference in usage of Pacioli accounting model as between economic theorists and accoun-tants. In response, this treatise examines origins of the accounting model, and the evolution of its use are traced. Differences between economists and accountants are examined through the filter of Luca Pacioli bookkeeping model, the flawed foundation upon which all generalizations re-garding accountancy have been based for centuries. The economic nature of financial accounting models is detailed and similarities and differences between theoretical and applied models of financial accounting are examined. Pacioli applied model is re-examined in economic terms befitting its primal nature. The economic meaning underpinning bookkeeping terms is clarified, and the breach between accounting practice and literature and the solid economic reality underlying the accounting process is discussed The mutual misunderstanding which gave rise to Boulding dilemma is placed in its primal context, and requirements for its resolution are suggested.