cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2: Cost of Care for Heart Failure Patients Varies Substantially Among Hospitals Even When Controlling for Procedure Use

Background: Little is known about cost variation among heart failure (HF) patients across hospitals when controlling for invasive cardiovascular percutaneous and surgical procedures. Methods: We identified all adult HF hospitalizations in 2009-10 Premier, Inc. hospitals with >25 HF hospitalizations. Hospitals were divided into 3 groups by their percent of HF patients receiving invasive percutaneous or surgical procedures: none (0%), moderate (0-10%), and high (>10%) (see figure). The 10% mark was the median across hospitals. For each of the three groups, the median hospitalization cost was calculated for all non-procedural admissions in standard dollar costs (figure). Standard cost assigns each billed item its median cost across all hospitals. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess cost, length of stay, and outcome differences among the 3 groups (p≤0.05). Frequencies of billing categories (e.g. pharmacy, lab, central supply) were calculated and compared across the 3 groups. Results: Median standard dollar costs among non-procedural HF hospitalizations were $5104 (IQR=$3421, $7968), $6108 ($4001, $9934) and $6585 ($4181, $11218) for hospitals with no, moderate and high procedure use, respectively (figure). Respective median lengths of stay were 3, 4, and 4 days, and risk-adjusted mortality was 4.8%, 4.9% and 4.7% (figure). Cost analysis by resource categories showed that the proportion of items billed did not appear to differ by hospital group. Conclusion: The cost of HF hospitalization is higher in more procedure-intense hospitals even among patients who do not receive invasive procedures. Length of stay may contribute to these differences. Despite higher costs, high procedure hospitals do not have materially improved risk-adjusted mortality rates. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Calculation of radiation attenuation in particle-laced flows using a coupled approach

An Eulerian particle model is coupled with a Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code to data-parallel line relaxation (DPLR) simulate flows with spallation products from thermal protection systems (TPS). Loose-coupling between the two codes is achieved via momentum and energy source terms that arise as the result of drag and heat transfer. Additionally, an approximate model for the scattering and emission of radiation by the particles is developed. The methodology is applied to a simulation of an experiment the Interaction Heating Facility (IHF) arc-jet at NASA Ames Research Center. Initial results from the simulations show promising qualitative similarity to the fluid mechanics and spectral results. The capability developed is essential for subsequent prediction of particle ejection rates and densities to reproduce attenuation of spectroscopic data observed in the experiment.
First-principles study of high-field-related electronic behavior of group-III nitrides

Based on accurate band structures of AlN, GaN, and InN, we report physical quantities related to high-field electron transport, including effective masses, energies of inflection points, and satellite valleys in the conduction band. The band structures are obtained from density functional theory with a hybrid functional, as well as many-body perturbation theory based on the ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ approach. We also calculate the electron-energy relaxation time due to the electron-longitudinal-optical-phonon interaction within the Fr\"ohlich model. Our results provide insights into the physical origin of negative differential resistance and the high-frequency characteristics of group-III nitrides and their alloys under high-field operation.
Reply to Comments on the Nature and Uses of Expectancy-Value Models in Consumer Attitude Research

1. In their enthusiasm to relate other theories to Fishbein's, the authors have misunderstood and misinterpreted Rosenberg and the antecedent functional (means-end) school of thought based on the concept of valued states. 2. Contrary to assertions made by Fishbein, I don't think the Fishbein and Rosenberg models are equivalent or even similar in structure. The illusion of an equivalent structure comes from the weightedsum formula used by both to obtain an index of cognitive structure. 3. There is no Bass-Talarzyk-Sheth theory of attitude. However, a comprehensive theory of attitude-behavior relationship developed by Sheth some time ago is known to all three authors. 4. It is indeed naive to assert superiority of one model over other models when the studies (1) reflected different settings (e.g., laboratory experiment vs. field survey), (2) involved different issues (e.g., Negroes should be allowed in white neighborhood, story about Mrs. Williams, brands of grocery products), and (3) utilized different statistical and methodological procedures (e.g., chi-squared, simple correlations, multiple correlations).
The Ammo Acid Deficiencies of Blood Meal for the Chick

Abstract ALTHOUGH blood meal has been studied as a protein supplement in practical rations for swine and poultry, little is known about its amino acid adequacy for these species. Grau and Almquist (1944), using a diet containing more than one source of protein, reported that blood meal was deficient in isoleucine for the growing chick. Studies with swine have also confirmed the limitation of isoleucine in blood meal for this animal species (Becker et al., 1963). Rasmussen et al. (1958) relying primarily on the studies by Grau and Almquist, suggested that isoleucine is the only essential amino acid deficient for the chick in blood meal. Since a preliminary investigation revealed that chicks do not grow well when blood meal is supplemented with isoleucine as the only amino acid additive, the present study was carried out using whole blood meal as the only protein source. EXPERIMENTAL Day-old male chicks from a cross . . .
Modulation Spectroscopy Characterization of Semiconductor Heterostructures

This paper reviews the use of modulation spectroscopy for the characterization of a wide variety of semiconductor heterostructures and devices. Some systems that will be discussed include pseudomorphic GaAlAs/InGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped quantum well high electron mobility transistors (including the 300K determination of the two-dimensional electron gas density), GaAlAs/GaAs, InP/InGaAs, InGaP/GaAs, InAlAs/InGa As and InGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (including the determination of the built-in fields/doping levels in the emitter and collector regions), GaAs/GaAlAs quantum well infrared detectors, quantum well lasers and GaAs/GaAlAs quantum dots. Particular attention will be paid to non-destructive, contactless techniques such as photoreflectance, contactless electroreflectance and differential reflectometry that can be performed on entire wafers.
Enduring effects of infant feeding experiences on adult blood pressure.

OBJECTIVE Vulnerability to psychosomatic diseases is influenced by events early in life. The objective of this article is to discuss animal research that demonstrates relationships between feeding experiences and growth in infancy and risk of hypertension in adulthood. METHOD Subjects were spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive Wistar Kyoto progenitors. Initial experiments involved observations of the behaviors of rat mothers and their infants and follow-up measurements of blood pressures. Further studies focused on measurements of infant blood pressure during feeding, and recent investigations manipulated weight gain and sex hormones early in life. RESULTS Infant rats whose mothers were seen nursing more often had increased blood pressure as adults. Each time rat mothers delivered milk to their young, the nursing pups' blood pressures rose dramatically. These feeding-induced increases in blood pressure have been observed in the young of many species including humans. They are mediated by autonomic nervous system activity and are larger in SHR pups. Finally, animals that gain weight rapidly as infants as a consequence of being reared in small litters had higher adult blood pressure; but, this effect is seen only in intact males. CONCLUSIONS Adult physiologic traits can be influenced by the joint actions of genetic predisposition and essential psychosocial interactions during early development. Animal models can stimulate new ideas, provide important confirmations and elaborations of hypotheses from human investigations, and afford experimental approaches for identifying mechanisms underlying the transduction of behavioral experience to disease susceptibility.
Characterization of Process Uniformity and Control of Titanium Silicide Formed by Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP)

Sputtered titanium films with thicknesses in the range of 300 to 1200A were processed in a commercial rapid annealing system to form TiSi2 films. The films were first reacted at low temperatures (500-700°C), etched in ammonia/peroxide solution, and then reacted at 850-900°C to simulate a typical self-alignedsilicide (salicide) process. A method to correctfor dynamic temperature nonuniformities and the resulting etch nonuniformities will be discussed. Sheet resistance maps of the resulting films will be presented. In addition, film properties were measured as a function of annealing ambient in particular, the effects of oxygen contamination were studied.
A comparative study on 3D range data compression methods

As high-quality 3D range scanners become increasingly adopted, a common issue emerges that is how best to properly store captured 3D data as it inherently contains a large amount of information per each frame. One approach that has proved successful is to convert 3D range data to 2D regular color images that can be further compressed using traditional image compression techniques (e.g., JPEG). In literature, there are three major conversion methods: (1) virtual fringe projection; (2) direct depth encoding; and (3) multiwavelength depth en- coding. This paper compares the effectiveness and limitations of all three major compression methods, especially when the resultant 2D images are stored with low-quality lossy (i.e., JPEG) image formats. Experimental data found that multiwavelength depth encoding outperforms both other methods, especially under various levels of lossy JPEG compression. Principles of each method will be explained, and experimental data will be presented to evaluate each method.
The use of clomiphene citrate in the treatment of azoospermia secondary to incomplete androgen resistance

An infertile male with a deletion within the AR gene is discussed. The patient presented with azoospermia and, after daily CC treatment, was found to have sperm within his ejaculate. However, the ultimate goal of pregnancy was not achieved, nor were there enough sperm present to warrant an IVF attempt.
Abstract 030: Microbial Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Metabolites Lower Blood Pressure (BP) via Endothelial G-protein Coupled Receptor 41 (gpr41)

Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites (acetate, propionate and butyrate) are byproducts of gut microbial metabolism that affect host physiology, and have been shown to dilate blood vessels ex vivo . We have previously shown that intravenous delivery of SCFAs to anesthetized mice decreases BP by activating Gpr41, which is expressed in blood vessels. Here, our aim was to identify the cellular localization of Gpr41 and to determine the role of Gpr41 in BP regulation. Using RT-PCR we observe that Gpr41 is readily detected in vessels with an intact endothelium, but is absent from vessels where the endothelium has been denuded. Thus Gpr41 is expressed in the endothelium. Since Gpr41 was previously found to mediate a hypotensive response to acute SCFA administration, we hypothesized that Gpr41 knockout (KO) mice would be hypertensive at baseline. Concordant with our hypothesis, we find that Gpr41 KO (n=4) have elevated systolic hypertension and pulse pressures compared to wild-type (WT, n=4) mice (Table 1); diastolic BP was not different between genotypes. In agreement with a phenotype of systolic hypertension, KO mice also exhibit elevated pulse wave velocity (Table 1). Administration of 200mM sodium propionate (a Gpr41 ligand) in the drinking water worsens the systolic hypertension in KO (Table 1), while administration of equimolar sodium chloride (control) does not affect BP in WT or KO. We hypothesize that the hypertensive effect of propionate in KO is mediated by another SCFA receptor, Olfactory receptor 78 (which we have previously shown to mediate increases in BP upon activation). In sum, these studies demonstrate that endothelial Gpr41 acts to lower baseline BP. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Practical sub-Nyquist sampling via array-based compressed sensing receiver architecture

This paper introduces the Array-based Compressed sensing Receiver Architecture (ACRA). ACRA allows digital receiver arrays to operate at dramatically larger instantaneous bandwidths by sampling the signals from different array elements at different sub-Nyquist sampling rates. Signal processing inspired by the sparse fast Fourier transform allows for signal detection, estimation, and angle-of-arrival determination. Simulation results and measurements from an 18–45 GHz testbed are presented.
Followup notes on the 17th century cod fishery at Damariscove Island, Maine

Exceptionally low tides in October 1985 revealed the stone footings of the 17th century fishing stages on Damariscove Island discussed in a recent article on the archaeology of the cod fishery. Photography shows two stage heads built of tabular granite and arranged side by side, part of a permanent fishing station which replaced the original seasonal facilities at the site. Such features can be taken as prima facie evidence of the development of the sedentary cod fishery, a settlement type characteristic of many sites on the coast of Maine.
An Analysis of Generalized Identity Matching-to-Sample Test Procedures

This paper examines issues that must be considered when evaluating generalized identity matching to sample. We suggest that (a) stimuli displayed together on tests of generalized identity matching should have comparable experimental histories, and (b) identity matching procedures should be differentiated as either “conditional” or “nonconditional,” depending upon whether or not conditional discrimination is required. Although either type of procedure might be adequate for demonstrating a “matching concept,” we suggest that only generalized conditional identity matching provides an adequate test for the reflexive property of conditional relations.
Corrosivity sensor based on metallic nanowires

A corrosivity sensor that relies on a composite material consisting of metallic nanowires embedded in a dielectric substrate has been realized. This artificial ferrite included iron nanowires that were synthesized by means of electrodeposition and were intended to corrode under specific environmental conditions. Such corrosion-sensitive nanocomposites were subjected to a corrosive environment for varying durations. The material samples were then used to load a microstrip ring resonator. Discernible changes in the resonant characteristics of the loaded resonator were correlated with time spent in a corrosive environment.
School is a game: Faculty set the rules.

Abstract Some students often exhibit less-than-ideal learning behaviors such as cramming for exams, focusing on memorization versus comprehension, multi-tasking during class, etc. One approach to understanding and addressing these issues is through a “school as game” mental model. Success in the “game of school”, especially in rigorous professional and graduate programs, requires not only knowledge and skill, but also strategy. Because of time demands, students must often make strategic decisions regarding class attendance, attention, study time, and study methods. This commentary describes a mental model in which faculty can examine student learning behaviors within the context of their teaching and assessment criteria. Instructors should consider how both the written and unwritten rules of their courses may actually incentivize undesirable student learning behaviors.
Start-Up Nation: Studying Transnational Entrepreneurial Practices in Israel’s Start-Up Ecosystem

This study focuses on start-up entrepreneurs on the move—in coordination with an array of other actors—as they weave and are woven into transnational networks. Central to this study is a shift from activity to mobility systems. Building on technical communication scholarship, the frame integrates actor networks and activity theory knotworks. Disrupting workplace and national container models (methodological nationalism), the analysis is grounded in a study of Israeli start-up entrepreneurs. Dubbed the Start-Up Nation, Israel contains more start-ups per capita than any other country in the world, with its high-tech industry made up of a dense ecosystem of conferences, accelerators, meetups, social media, and coworking spaces. Tracing actants’ trajectories across this social field, the author argues for a conceptualization of entrepreneurs as knotworkers who mobilize genres, modes, languages, and spaces.
An investigation of Generation Y travellers’ beliefs and attitudes towards green hotel practices: a view from active and passive green Generation Y travellers

AbstractGeneration Y, also known as Millennial, have a reputation for being more environmentally conscious than the Baby Boomers and Generation Xers who preceded them. However, the literature on hospitality and tourism has not discussed Generation Y’s changing beliefs and attitudes towards sustainability and encompassing their points of view about lodging green operations, even though millennial travellers will be a dominant customer segment in the hotel industry for the next 20 years. This study identified heterogeneous groups among members of Generation Yers who hold similar beliefs and attitudes towards the environment and examined the green hotel practices they seek when travelling. A questionnaire survey was developed and administered in New York, Florida and Michigan. Using 318 samples, this study categorized millennial green travellers as active or passive, based on their beliefs and attitudes towards green initiatives. The results indicated that to Generation Y travellers in general, green hotels ...
Influence of Linkage Stereochemistry and Protecting Groups on Glycosidic Bond Stability of Sodium Cationized Glycosyl Phosphates

Energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments of sodium cationized glycosyl phosphate complexes, [GP x +Na]+, are performed to elucidate the effects of linkage stereochemistry (α versus β), the geometry of the leaving groups (1,2-cis versus 1,2-trans), and protecting groups (cyclic versus non-cyclic) on the stability of the glycosyl phosphate linkage via survival yield analyses. A four parameter logistic dynamic fitting model is used to determine CID50% values, which correspond to the level of rf excitation required to produce 50% dissociation of the precursor ion complexes. Present results suggest that dissociation of 1,2-trans [GP x +Na]+ occurs via a McLafferty-type rearrangement that is facilitated by a syn orientation of the leaving groups, whereas dissociation of 1,2-cis [GPx+Na]+ is more energetic as it involves the formation of an oxocarbenium ion intermediate. Thus, the C1-C2 configuration plays a major role in determining the stability/reactivity of glycosyl phosphate stereoisomers. For 1,2-cis anomers, the cyclic protecting groups at the C4 and C6 positions stabilize the glycosidic bond, whereas for 1,2-trans anomers, the cyclic protecting groups at the C4 and C6 positions tend to activate the glycosidic bond. The C3 O-benzyl (3 BnO) substituent is key to determining whether the sugar or phosphate moiety retains the sodium cation upon CID. For 1,2-cis anomers, the 3 BnO substituent weakens the glycosidic bond, whereas for 1,2-trans anomers, the 3 BnO substituent stabilizes the glycosidic bond. The C2 O-benzyl substituent does not significantly impact the glycosidic bond stability regardless of its orientation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Living Within Blurry Boundaries: The Value of Distinguishing Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research:

Recently, a debate has arisen around what can be called the “indistinguishability thesis,” that is, the claim that it is impossible to distinguish between qualitative and quantitative research. In ...
Jim Thurber's Contributions to American Politics and Governance

Jim Thurber has spent his career at the juncture of political science scholarship, politics, and the practice of governance in the nation's capital. His major goals have been understanding American...
Genetic basis of Darier-White disease: bad pumps cause bumps

Antecedents : La maladie de Darier, ou dyskeratose folliculaire, est une maladie hereditaire dominante caracterisee par des papules hyperkeratosiques brunes et des plaques a distribution seborrheique. La base genetique de cette maladie a ete recemment elucidee. Objectif : Etudier l'histoire de la recherche sur la base genetique de la maladie de Darier. Methodes : Etude des rapports anterieurs identifiant l'emplacement chromosomique du gene de la maladie. Discussion des methodes de cartographie (mapping) physique de la region critique du gene et du criblage des genes candidats. Presentation des resultats obtenus avec des donnees recemment publiees sur la correlation genotype-phenotype associee au dereglement. Resultats : L'analyse des liaisons au sein des familles et la production d'une carte physique de la region critique ont grandement aide a identifier le gene causal. Le criblage des genes candidats a permis de decouvrir que la maladie de Darier est causee par des mutations du gene ATP2A2, responsable de l'encodage du reticulum sarco-endoplasmique CA 2+ -ATPase isoforme 2. L'hypothese veut que des anomalies de cette pompe a calcium interferent avec les processus de croissance et de differenciation cellulaires lies au calcium. Conclusion ; Des analyses genetiques et moleculaires menent a l'identification du gene responsable de la maladie de Darier et a de nouvelles questions, dont celle-ci : Cette information fera-t-elle progresser la recherche du gene responsable du pemphigus benin familial (maladic de Hailey-Hailey)?
The Dynamic Linear Combination of Fragment Configurations Method

In this book, we shall attempt to construct P.E. surfaces for representative organic reactions. These surfaces can provide direct information about many aspects of chemical reactivity.
Abstract WP283: Infections Present on Admission, Hospital Acquired Infections and Short Term Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients in a Large Administrative Dataset

Background and Purpose: We hypothesized that acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with hospital acquired infection (HAI) would have worse outcomes than patients with an infection present on admission (IPOA) or no infection. Methods: We used the 2007-2009 California State Inpatient Database from the Health Care Utilization Project (HCUP). Patients who were over the age of 18 and hospitalized with AIS, defined by previously validated ICD-9 codes, were included. Validated ICD-9 codes for sepsis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections were used to categorize patients as having IPOA (infection diagnosed within 24 hours of admission), HAI (infection during admission), or no infection using federal guidelines. The outcomes of interest were length of hospital stay (LOS), and poor discharge outcome (discharge someplace other than home). Results: A total of 133,678 patients with diagnosis of AIS were identified; 2.6% (N=3436) had HAI, 15.1% (N=20126) had IPOA, and 82.3% (N=110026) had no infection. Mean LOS was lon...
Adolescent Male Couples-Based HIV Testing Intervention (We Test): Protocol for a Type 1, Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Trial.

Background: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM), particularly those who are partnered, are at unique risk for HIV. YMSM are among those at highest risk for HIV. Meanwhile, despite the fact that primary partners account for many—possibly most—new HIV infections, partnered men who have sex with men perceive themselves to be at much lower risk for HIV infection and therefore test less often than single men. In response to the risk of primary partner HIV transmission, couples HIV testing and counseling (CHTC) procedures have been developed for use in adult populations. Although promising, YMSM couples may require additional support to complete CHTC given their developmental context in which sexual and romantic relationships are relatively new, and communication skills are emergent. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the additive benefit of adjunct treatment components tailored for YMSM, which enhance communication skills before the completion of CHTC. The intervention tests a continuum of prevention packages including assertive communication training videos and motivational interviewing focused on assisting with identification and development (MI-AID) before entering into the dyadic intervention components. This protocol is part of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network (ATN) Scale It Up program described in this issue. Methods: This is a comparative effectiveness trial that will be executed in 3 phases. Phase 1 will gather qualitative data related to intervention development and implementation from partnered YMSM at 4 subject recruitment venues (SRVs). Phase 2 will compare a continuum of these interventions in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) at 2 SRVs. Phase 3 will compare the most successful adapted intervention package from phase 2 to CHTC as usual in a larger RCT at 4 SRVs. This phase is focused on implementation and sustainment phases of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment framework. Results: Phase 1 data will be drawn from qualitative interviews with partnered YMSM (n=24) and staff from ATN sites (n=20). Baseline enrollment for phase 2 is expected to begin across 2 SRVs in June 2018 (ncouples=36). In phase 2, survey data collection along with HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing will occur at baseline, and 1- and 3-month (postintervention) follow-ups. Phase 3 will begin enrollment across 4 SRVs in September 2019 (ncouples=144) and follow-ups will occur at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postintervention. Conclusions: Although MI-AID, video-based assertive communication training, and CHTC have established efficacy when administered on their own, this study will be the first to evaluate the strongest adjunctive version of these interventions to address the specific developmental needs of partnered YMSM. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03386110; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03386110 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75mlO7GCx) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/11186
Digital 2D versus Tomosynthesis Screening Mammography among Women Aged 65 and Older in the United States

Background Although breast cancer incidence and mortality rates increase with advancing age, there are limited data on the benefits and risks of screening mammography in older women and on the performance of two-dimensional digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in older women. Purpose To compare performance metrics of DM and DBT among women aged 65 years and older. Materials and Methods For this retrospective study, consecutive screening mammograms in patients aged 65 years and older from March 2008 to February 2011 (DM group) and from January 2013 to December 2015 (DBT group) were reviewed. Cancer detection rate, abnormal interpretation rate, positive predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to compare performance metrics in the DM versus DBT groups. Results The DM group had 15 019 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 72.7 years ± 6.3), and the DBT group had 20 646 women (mean age, 72.1 years ± 5.9). After adjusting for multiple variables, there was no difference in cancer detection rate between the DM and DBT groups (6.9 vs 8.2 per 1000 examinations; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.13; P = .23). Compared with the DM group, the DBT group had a lower abnormal interpretation rate (5.7% vs 5.8%; AOR, 0.88; P < .001), higher positive predictive value 1 (14.5% vs 11.9%; AOR, 1.26; P = .03), and higher specificity (95.1% vs 94.8%; AOR, 1.18; P < .001). The DBT group had a higher proportion of invasive cancers relative to in situ cancers (81.1% vs 74.4%; P = .06) and fewer node-positive cancers (10.2% vs 16.6%; P = .054) than did the DM group. Conclusion In women aged 65 years and older, integration of digital breast tomosynthesis led to improved performance metrics, with a lower abnormal interpretation rate, higher positive predictive value 1, and higher specificity. © RSNA, 2019 See also the editorial by Philpotts and Durand in this issue.
Structures and Graphics

A hypermedia-based learning environment may provide a wealth of knowledge, but it is essentially useless if the learner either cannot access the information or must access it via a circuitous route. The navigational structure that is inherent within a hypermedia-based system limits learners to the path(s) established by the designer. Dependent on the needs of the instruction in question and other possible factors, learner can be given as much or as little control as required. It all boils down to learner control. Navigation designs are of two types: random and structured.
Improving use of learning technologies in higher education through participant oriented evaluations

Use of learning technologies is growing in higher education. Simultaneously, educational evaluation approaches have evolved to be more and more useful for higher education decision-making. Elements of evaluation are emerging which enhance its use for judging higher education programs that include learning technologies. This article reviews several key elements by examining an example of a major evaluation of eleven Internet-based courses. Implications are proposed for expanding evaluation of programs that employ learning technologies in higher education.
Designing a Mentoring Program for Faculty Librarians

This article describes the Purdue University Libraries mandatory co-mentoring program. Surveys with all Purdue University Libraries faculty librarians and select follow-up interviews were conducted...
Neonatal Intensive Care

Psychology consultation to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is relatively new. However, with growing recognition that both the infant and each part of the vulnerable infant’s support system can be adversely impacted by the NICU course, psychologists are increasingly being called upon to consult to the NICU. Consultation in the NICU requires a diverse skill set for psychologists, including understanding issues related to perinatal functioning, infertility, bereavement, transition to parenting, infant mental health including the parent-infant attachment processes, adult mental health, co-parenting, family systems, and neurodevelopmental functioning of at-risk infants. With more medically complex infants surviving than ever before, families are enduring lengthy infant hospitalizations and being exposed to a greater number of traumatic events. Without intervention, parental distress can persist, and infant development may be further compromised. Psychologists can aid in implementing recent recommendations for screening for parental distress, as well as conducting comprehensive assessments and providing interventions in the NICU setting. Although rigorous empirical studies of NICU-based interventions are limited, psychologists can offer a variety of intervention approaches with promising outcomes. In addition to the impact on infants and families, higher medical acuity in the NICU results in more challenges for the NICU multi-disciplinary team as they strive to provide family-centered care. Therefore, consulting psychologists also have a role in supporting and educating staff, toward the end goal of supporting both staff functioning as well as indirectly supporting families.
Multimodal Assessment Increases Objective Identification of Hypersomnolence in Patients Referred for Multiple Sleep Latency Testing

Study Objectives:The multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) has limitations when evaluating disorders of hypersomnolence with unknown etiology. Alternative measures of hypersomnolence may objectively i...
The effects of background music on learning: a systematic review of literature to guide future research and practice

This review builds on prior reviews by synthesizing thirty studies that examined the effects of background music (BM) on learning from 2008 to 2018. Each study was coded based on key methodological features, BM’s characteristics, and reported BM effects on learning (i.e., negative, neutral or positive). Frequencies and percentages were used to describe BM effects on learning across studies, methods used, and BM’s characteristics manipulated in the selected studies. Results showed (a) inconclusive findings as noted in prior reviews, (b) the need for more rigorous research methods, (c) that not all BM interventions are the same, and (d) a dearth of studies exploring BM impacts in multimedia learning environments. Implications are discussed for primary researchers, synthesis researchers, faculty and instructional designers.
Sound in a system of chiral one-dimensional fermions

We consider a system of one-dimensional fermions moving in one direction, such as electrons at the edge of a quantum Hall system. At sufficiently long timescales the system is brought to equilibrium by weak interactions between the particles, which conserve their total number, energy, and momentum. The time evolution of the system near equilibrium is described by hydrodynamics based on the three conservation laws. We find that the system supports three sound modes. In the low-temperature limit one mode is a pure oscillation of particle density, analogous to the ordinary sound. The other two modes involve oscillations of both particle and entropy densities. In the presence of disorder, the first sound mode is strongly damped at frequencies below the momentum relaxation rate, whereas the other two modes remain weakly damped.
Toward a Unified Model for the “Diffuse Ionized Medium” in Normal and Starburst Galaxies

The "diffuse ionized medium" (DIM) makes up a significant fraction of the mass and ionization requirements of the interstellar medium of the Milky Way and is now known to be an energetically significant component in most normal star-forming galaxies. Observations of the ionized gas in starburst galaxies have revealed the presence of gas with striking similarities to the DIM in normal galaxies: relatively low surface brightness and strong emission from low-ionization forbidden lines like [S II] λλ6716, 6731. In this paper we analyze Hα images and long-slit spectra of samples of normal and starburst galaxies to better understand the nature of this diffuse, low surface brightness gas. We find that in both samples there is a strong inverse correlation between the Hα surface brightness (ΣHα) and the [S II]/Hα line ratio at a given location in the galaxy. However, the correlation for the starbursts is offset brightward by an order of magnitude in Hα surface brightness at a given line ratio. In contrast, we find that all the galaxies (starburst and normal alike) define a universal relation between line ratio and the relative Hα surface brightness (ΣHα/Σe, where Σe is the mean Hα surface brightness within the galaxy half-light radius). We show that such a universal correlation is a natural outcome of a model in which the DIM is photoionized gas that has a characteristic thermal pressure (P) that is proportional to the mean rate of star formation per unit area in the galaxy (ΣSFR). Good quantitative agreement with the data follows if we require the constant of proportionality to be consistent with the values of P and ΣSFR in the local disk of the Milky Way. Such a scaling between P and ΣSFR may arise either because feedback from massive stars heats the ISM or because ΣSFR is determined (or limited) by the mean gas pressure.
Morphological and chemical characteristics of oxide scales formed on δ-Phase plutonium metal alloys I: 3.5 at% ga

Abstract Focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and three-dimensional (3D) microscopy were applied to characterize the subsurface morphological features of oxide scales formed on an ~3.5 at.% Ga plutonium (Pu) metal alloy. Using the FIB-SEM technique, a number of morphological features formed in the interior of the oxide scale from Pu metal's environmental exposure were observed and identified. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) was utilized to characterize the cross-sectional composition and chemistry of the oxide scale. The oxide scale formed during inert storage and operational environments has a characteristic internal scale structure that includes a relatively dense oxide layer with some lateral and transverse cracking. Generally, after subsequent exposure to dry air environment, the oxide scale retained most of the original structural and chemical characteristics. However, after aging in a moist air environment, while the oxide scale was found to maintain the chemical characteristics of the source oxide, the scale was found to be on average thinner and without the previously observed internal microcracking, likely the result of spallation of the source scale during exposure to the new environment.
Nasal interferon responses to community rhinovirus infections are similar in controls and children with asthma.

Abstract Background Rhinovirus (RV) is the main cause of asthma exacerbations in children. Some studies reported that persons with asthma have attenuated interferon (IFN) responses to experimental RV infection compared with healthy individuals. However, responses to community-acquired RV infections in controls and children with asthma have not been compared. Objective To evaluate nasal cytokine responses after natural RV infections in people with asthma and healthy children. Methods We compared nasal cytokine expression among controls and children with asthma during healthy, virus-negative surveillance weeks and self-reported RV-positive sick weeks. A total of 14 controls and 21 patients with asthma were studied. Asthma disease severity was based on symptoms and medication use. Viral genome was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Nasal cytokine protein levels were determined by multiplex assays. Results Two out of 47 surveillance weeks tested positive for RV, illustrating an asymptomatic infection rate of 5%. A total of 38 of 47 sick weeks (81%) tested positive for the respiratory virus. Of these, 33 (87%) were positive for RV. During well weeks, nasal interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-12, and IL-1β levels were higher in children with asthma than controls. Compared with healthy virus-negative surveillance weeks, IL-8, IL-13, and interferon beta increased during colds only in patients with asthma. In both controls and children with asthma, the nasal levels of interferon gamma, interferon lambda-1, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 increased during RV-positive sick weeks. During RV infection, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were strongly correlated. Conclusion In both controls and patients with asthma, natural RV infection results in robust type II and III IFN responses.
Setting Down the Ten Foot Pole: A Review of Educating on Religious Diversity and Interfaith Engagement

Talking about religion and spirituality has been a taboo topic for a long time. While those in student affairs are no strangers to tackling tough conversations and engaging in identity development, this topic is still kept at a distance. Educating on Religious Diversity and Interfaith Engagement seeks to challenge those in higher education to set down the ten foot pole that has been used to keep conversations about religion and spirituality at a comfortable distance by providing the tools and resources to approach the topic. Through practical examples and a plethora of resources, this book is an engaging read for any level professional. Learn about new ways to engage students with an identity that has been removed from the sphere of public education for many years with this informative and easily read handbook.
Individual Differences in Strength, Reaction Latency, Mass and Length of Limbs, and Their Relation to Maximal Speed of Movement

Abstract Data on the maximal speed and reaction latency of limb movements, and the strength and effective mass of these limbs measured in the movement position, were obtained on 70 college men. Individual differences in all measures were highly reliable. Computation of r2 and k2 from the intercorrelations reveals that almost without exception the individual differences tend to be highly specific to the particular limb, its direction of movement, and a particular element of the limb action, i.e., strength or speed or reaction latency. The average scores, standard deviations, and the correlation matrix for both functional and anthropometric measurements are included in the report.
Photorefractive semiconductors and applications

Photorefractive semiconductors are attractive for information processing, becuase of fast material response, compatibility with semiconductor lasers, and availability of cross polarization diffraction for enhancing signal-to-noise ration. This paper presents recent experimental results on information processing using photorefractive GaAs, InP and CdTe, including image processing with semiconductor lasers.
Clathrate Hydrates on Earth and in the Solar System

The importance for solar system processes of inclusion of volatile species in water ice structures has been recognized now for several decades. Much interest is focused on clathrate hydrate, a crystalline phase of water ice in which other (generally more volatile) species such as methane, nitrogen, and noble gases stabilize the formation of a rather open structure of water ice (the “host”), into which the other species (the “guests”) can incorporate. This chapter has three main foci with respect to clathrate hydrate. First, we consider the role of clathrate hydrates on the Earth. We then provide a discussion of the possible existence of clathrate hydrate on Mars . In the third section we turn to the outer solar system, where clathrate hydrates have been invoked as carriers of volatile gases, but recent thinking has shifted focus to amorphous phases. For lack of space we assume most readers are familar with the basics of clathrate formation and terminology; those unfamiliar are referred to Lunine and Stevenson (1985) and Sloan (1997).
Ocean Engineering Mechanics: Nonlinear Surface Waves

The study of nonlinear waves began early in the nineteenth century. Results of the first studies of these waves were used to determine the quasi -static wave loads on ships and other tethered floating structures. Although the first analytical techniques were rather simplistic, these techniques were used well into the twentieth century. In the mid-nineteenth century, more mathematically sophisticated analytical methods were introduced. These methods are used by both physical oceanographers and ocean engineers in their respective predictions of real wave properties and the time-dependent loadings on offshore structures. There are a number of theories that can be used to approximately predict the properties of nonlinear waves. Probably the earliest of these theories is that of Gerstner (1808). The theory of Gerstner is a geometric type, and is commonly referred to as the trochoidal theory . This name results from the predicted profile of the breaking wave (see Figure 3.1e) which, from Gerstner's theory, is a trochoid , having a cusp at the crest. The trochoidal theory is rotational in a hydrodynamic sense (see Section 2.3), with the rotational direction being opposite of that actually observed. Results of the theory are still used today by some structural naval architects to predict the extreme quasi -static wave loads on ship hulls in both sagging (crests at both the bow and stern, and the trough amidships) and hogging (troughs at both the bow and stern, and a crest amidships).
Statins induce microautophagy in RAW 264.7 cell line. (APP3P.107)

Autophagy is process by which cells recycle cellular components to overcome starvation. This process is constitutive in antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Among the various autophagy pathways, microautophagy (Mi) has a unique significance as it is implicated in the biogenesis of exosomes which are relevant to the design of therapeutics. Statins have been shown to up regulate macroautophagy and alleviate the effect of LPS apart from inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. However their role in microautophagy has not been reported. In the present study we investigated the effect of statins on microautophagy using the RAW264.7 cell line as a model system. Treatment with statins resulted in an up regulation of the genes for MA as well as Mi as determined by qPCR. Further studies showed that the levels of proteins TSG101 and VPS4 were increased during statin treatment. Pretreatment with statins led to a lowering of LAMP2A levels and decreased LAMP2A on the late endosomes, mimicking a LAMP2A knock down. Pretreatment with statins not only lowered the transcription of iNOS and TNF-alpha genes but also prevented the effect of LPS by decreasing initial levels of LAMP2A and increasing levels of TSG101. We propose that Mi can be a surrogate for Chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) under conditions where the components of CMA are rendered non-functional due to disruption in normal cellular metabolism.
Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see

Illusions have historically been of great use to psychology for what they can reveal about perceptual processes. We report here an illusion in which tactile sensations are referred to an alien limb. The effect reveals a three-way interaction between vision, touch and proprioception, and may supply evidence concerning the basis of bodily self-identification.
Activation of Postsynaptic Ca2+ Stores Modulates Glutamate Receptor Cycling in Hippocampal Neurons

We show that activation of postsynaptic inositol 1,4,5-tris-phosphate receptors (IP3Rs) with the IP3R agonist adenophostin A (AdA) produces large increases in AMPA receptor (AMPAR) excitatory posts...
Novel Method For The Analysis Of Printed Circuit Images

Novel method for the analysis of printed circuit imagesJon R. MandevilleManufacturing Research CenterIBM Thomas J. Watson Research LabYorktown Heights, New York 10598AbstractTo keep pace with the trend towards increased circuit integration, printed circuit patterns are becoming denser and more complex. Avariety of automated visual inspection methods to detect circuit defects during manufacturing have been proposed. This paper describes amethod that is a synthesis of the reference -ccmparison and the generic property approaches that exploits their respective strengths and over-comes their respective weaknesses. It is based on the observation that the local geometric and global topological correctness of a printedcircuit can be inferred from the correctness of simplified, skeletal versions of the circuit in a test image. These operations can be realized usingsimple processing elements which are well suited for implementation in hardware.1. Introduction