cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-incorporation induced changes in the microstructure of nanocrystalline WO3 thin films

Abstract Nitrogen incorporated tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) films were grown by reactive magnetron sputter-deposition by varying the nitrogen content in the reactive gas mixture keeping the deposition temperature fixed at 400 °C. The crystal structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, and electrical resistivity of nitrogen doped WO 3 films were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical conductivity measurements. The results indicate that the nitrogen-incorporation induced changes in the microstructure and electrical properties of WO 3 films are significant. XRD measurements coupled with SEM analysis indicate that the increasing nitrogen content decreases the grain size and crystal quality. The nitrogen concentration increases from 0 at.% to 1.35 at.% with increasing nitrogen flow rate from 0 to 20 sccm. The corresponding dc electrical conductivity of the films had shown a decreasing trend with increasing nitrogen content.
Effects of Phenol Red on CFU-f Differentiation and Formation

Osteoblastic induction is commonly studied using the colony-forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-f) assay, in which bone marrow stromal cells (BMC) are grown in a tissue culture environment permissive for osteoblastic differentiation (DMEM containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate). These cells form colonies, which express alkaline phosphatase, and form a collagenous matrix that becomes calcified. However, these same cells originate in the bone marrow where under normal circumstances they do not proliferate or differentiate despite being subjected to many of the same growth factors and hormones present within the tissue culture environment. We show here that phenol red, present within tissue culture medium as a pH indicator, may itself be a factor that permits osteoblastic recruitment. BMC cultured in the presence of the bone anabolic agents PGE2, PGA2, or bFGF, but in the absence of phenol red, failed to respond to these agents in terms of total or osteoblastic colony number. This effect was dose dependent, with low (2.5 mg/l) and high (15–20 mg/l) doses of phenol red being nonpermissive for the stimulatory effects of PGE2 whereas doses of 5–10 mg/l were permissive. Furthermore, the effects observed in the absence of phenol red could not be abrogated by the addition of 17β-estradiol indicating that these effects cannot be attributed to estrogenic impurities within the phenol red preparation. This indicates that phenol red itself can affect the differentiation of BMC by a mechanism not previously described.
Characterization of twenty-four microsatellite markers for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Twenty-four new microsatellite markers were developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). The amount of polymorphism, percentage heterozygosity and ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids were recorded. Seven markers were observed to be duplicated in the rainbow trout genome by containing more than one allele in homozygous (clonal) fish.
Eye Movements of Students with Learning Disabilities in Reading: A Study of Problem Solving Strategies

Abstract In this exploratory study, eye movements of students with and without a learning disability in reading were recorded as they solved a set of third grade science problems. The recorded eye-gaze information included location of eye-gaze fixation on a computer screen, duration of fixation, the path of eye movement, and duration between fixations. The results revealed statistically significant differences in latent response time, question-zone fixation time, total fixations and correct responses.
Measurements of the reaction of OH with n-butanol at high-temperatures

Abstract We present the first high-temperature measurements of the reaction rate of OH radical with n -butanol using a shock tube and OH laser absorption technique. Measurements were conducted in the temperature range 1017–1269 K, for pressures near 2.25 atm, and with an initial n -butanol concentration of 147 ppm in argon. OH radicals were produced by shock-heating tert-butyl-hydroperoxide, and monitored by laser absorption near 306.7 nm. A rate constant for the overall reaction of OH with n -butanol was extracted by matching modeled and measured OH profiles in the reflected-shock region. Current data are in excellent agreement with a recent theoretical calculation.
Detecting protein complexes and functional modules from protein interaction networks: A graph entropy approach

Recent high-throughput experiments have generated protein–protein interaction data on a genomic scale, yielding the complete interactome for several organisms. Various graph clustering algorithms have been applied to protein interaction networks for identifying protein complexes and functional modules. Although the previous algorithms are scalable and robust, their accuracy is still limited because of the complex connectivity found in protein interaction networks. In this study, we propose a novel information-theoretic definition, graph entropy, as a measure of the structural complexity of a graph. Loss of graph entropy represents an increase in modularity of the graph. Based on this concept, we present a graph clustering algorithm which searches for the local optimum in modularity. The algorithm detects each optimal cluster by growing a seed in a manner that minimizes graph entropy. In the experiments with the yeast interactome, the results show that the graph entropy approach has higher accuracy in predicting protein complexes and functional modules than the best competing method. We statistically compared output clusters to both known protein complexes and Gene Ontology annotations in the biological process and molecular function categories in order to measure f-scores and p-scores as clustering accuracy. Because this algorithm is also scalable, it can be applied to the larger scale human protein interaction network.
Lifelines of Women in Jail as Self-Constructed Visual Probes for Life History Research

Abstract This study is based on interviews with 30 incarcerated women. Each interview began with the probe, “Tell us about your life …” with the goal of identifying “turning points.” During the interview a visual probe (a sheet of paper with a single line printed across the landscaped page, with the word “Birth” on the left and “Now” on the right) was given to each respondent to aid in identifying important events in their life histories. More than half of the sample (n = 17) reported family transition (geographic relocation of the family, parental divorce and changes in custody) as a turning point, and one respondent noted only “incarceration.” However, there was surprising uniformity across the lifelines regarding the types of events recorded (losses, births, relocations, abuses, and incarcerations) consistent with definitions in the literature of the concepts of turning points and life transitions. A pattern of late onset offending was an unexpected finding.
On the multiparticle phase space in Chern-Simons gravity☆

Abstract Point-like sources in the Chern-Simons gauge theory of gravity in 2 + 1 dimensions are described by their Poincare charges. They are the momenta, p ( n ) a , and angular momenta, j ( n ) a , of the particles. In Poincare gravity, the coordinates of this representation are Poincare vectors, living in an internal space, M q , which is attached to the particle trajectories. Equivalently, from the Einstein gravity point of view the particles are described by their space-time coordinates and momenta. However, because space-time is generally multiconical, and M q is globally minkowskian in the Poincare gauge theory, the relationship between these two descriptions of multiparticle systems is obscure. In a previous paper, we had established this relationship for a single-particle system. Here we generalize the procedure to the multiparticle case.
Institution building: Multilateral development banks and state-owned enterprises

Abstract Despite the increasing popularity of “privatization” in Latin America, many large and important firms will remain in the public sector and for those firms, improved economic performance is essential if a constant drain on developing country treasuries is to be avoided. This paper analyzes the improvements in enterprise performance that may occur as a result of cooperation between state-owned enterprise (SOEs) and multilateral development banks, and argues that the combination of “softer” terms and “harder” conditions may help SOE management increase the operational efficiency of their firms. The experience of the Paraguayan state firm ANDE and the Inter-American Development Bank is examined and found to provide evidence in support of this hypothesis.
Clinical experience with a new discoid prosthesis for mitral valve replacement.

One hundred sixty patients underwent mitral valve replacement with the Cooley-Bloodwell-Cutter prosthesis over an 18-month period. Hospital mortality was 13 percent and cumulative mortality 31 percent. Factors affecting mortality were concomitant valve operations and more than one previous mitral commissurotomy. Age, one previous mitral commissurotomy, and pulmonary hypertension did not influence mortality. The causes of death are noted. Thromboembolic complications occurred in 51 patients representing 32 percent of the series. A careful follow-up comprising 95 percent of the patients showed a late emboli rate of 22 percent. These figures are higher than had been anticipated and changes in the valve design are necessary in order to reduce emboli.
Cytokine signaling: Cytokine-inducible signaling inhibitors

Seven members of a family of cytokine-inducible proteins have been identified, a number of which have been shown to act as negative regulators of cytokine action. All of these proteins contain a central Src homology 2 domain, as well as conserved motifs in their carboxy-terminal regions.
Recent U.S. Trends in the Age Decrement in Health Satisfaction: Preliminary Findings:

One of the most salient components of older patients' mental disposition involves satisfaction with health. Low health satisfaction has been observed to be associated with anomia, unhappiness, high body concern, poor adjustment to the environment, low activity, and depression. Yet a number of issues in the area remain under-investigated. One such issue involves change over time in the elderly populace's general level of contentment with health. The present study utilizes data from the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago to investigate this subject. The preliminary findings suggest that the extent to which the aged are highly satisfied with their health has been declining, particularly in comparison to that of their younger counterparts.
Ventrículo derecho y circulación pulmonar: conceptos básicos

La funcion principal del ventriculo derecho y de la circulacion pulmonar es el intercambio de gases. Dado que el intercambio de gases se produce en membranas alveolares finas y altamente permeables, la presion pulmonar debe mantenerse baja para evitar el edema pulmonar, debido a que el ventriculo derecho y los pulmones estan en serie con el ventriculo izquierdo y la circulacion sistemica, y todo el gasto cardiaco debe pasar a traves de los pulmones. Este sistema de baja presion y volumen alto somete al ventriculo derecho a exigencias completamente distintas de las que la circulacion sistemica implica para el ventriculo izquierdo. Ademas, el ventriculo derecho y la circulacion pulmonar deben amortiguar los cambios dinamicos en el volumen y el flujo sanguineo resultantes de la respiracion, los cambios posicionales y los cambios en el gasto cardiaco del ventriculo izquierdo. Las adaptaciones necesarias para satisfacer estas exigencias contrapuestas tienen como consecuencia una capacidad de compensacion reducida frente a un aumento de poscarga o presion. Desgraciadamente, un elevado numero de procesos patologicos pueden tener como consecuencia aumentos agudos o cronicos en la poscarga. A medida que aumenta tal exceso de poscarga, puede aparecer insuficiencia cardiaca derecha y pueden sobrevenir repentinamente inestabilidad hemodinamica y muerte. Se han identificado varias vias bioquimicas que pueden participar en la adaptacion apropiada o inadecuada a las sobrecargas de presion.
Some Investigative Studies on the Use of Colorado Shale Oil in Dermatological Therapy1

Although all tar products have certain common qualities, they also, depending on their origin, show therapeutic differences. In the search for more effective agents, wood tars have been largely replaced by coal tars; recently petroleum distillates have stimulated renewed interest (1).
Naming Normativity: The Early History of the Terms Šûrat ha-dîn and Lifnîm miš-šûrat ha-dîn

One of the most important terms for supererogation in Jewish sources from the Babylonian Talmud onward is lifnim mis-surat ha-din. This article examines the usage of this and related terms in tannaitic literature, and discerns four developmental stages that culminated in the Babylonian Talmud's 'canonical' usage.
N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide nephrotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract N -(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an experimental fungicide which induces renal toxicity. The following study examined the nephrotoxicity induced by NDPS in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Male Fischer 344 (F344) rats were injected with 35 mg/kg STZ (i.p.) or citrate buffer. Fourteen days after STZ or citrate buffer injection, the rats (4–6 rats/group) were injected with (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg) NDPS or vehicle (sesame oil, 2.5 ml/kg). Kidney weight, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, morphology and renal cortical slice uptake of organic ions was quantitated 48 h after NDPS administration. A 0.4 mmol/kg dose of NDPS induced diuresis, increased kidney weight and a moderate elevation in BUN levels in the normoglycemic group. The 1.0 mmol/kg dose of NDPS produced diuresis, proteinuria, increased kidney weight and a marked increase in BUN levels in the normoglycemic group. The renal cortical slice uptake of p -aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) was also decreased 48 h after NDPS injection in the normoglycemic group. No alterations in kidney weight, BUN levels, morphology or renal cortical slice uptake of organic ion was observed in the diabetic animals treateed with (0.4 or 1.0 mmol/kg) NDPS. The results of this study indicate that the renal toxicity of NDPS was reduced in the diabetic rat.
The behavior of velocity and nominal interest rates in a cash-in-advance model

Abstract A prominent feature of U.S. monetary data is the nonstationarity of M1 velocity. One aspect of the empirical failure of the dynamic general equilibrium monetary models of money demand is the inability of these models to reproduce a nonstationary income velocity. The Euler's equations of these models reflect that equilibrium income velocity and nominal interest rates are both stationary, which is inconsistent with the stylized facts. Using a specific parametric form of a cash-in-advance model a la Lucas and Stokey (1987) we argue that the failure to reproduce a nonstationary income velocity may be due to the assumption of a homogeneous utility function involving cash and credit goods. Once this homogeneity restriction is relaxed, the equilibrium income velocity becomes nonstationary. A long-run nonlinear relationship between velocity, nominal interest rates and real output then emerges, which is consistent overall with the data.
Senescence and apoptosis in carcinogenesis of cervical squamous carcinoma.

Senescence and apoptosis are two key mechanisms that protect against cancer development. Many cell cycle regulators, such as p14ARF, p15INK4b and p16INK4a, are important in G1 cell cycle arrest and oncogene-induced senescence. The bcl-2 protein is one of the key components that control apoptosis, while the p53 protein plays key roles in both mechanisms. The genes of these key regulator proteins are often mutated or deleted in various malignancies. It is unknown how senescence and apoptosis are regulated in one of the most common tumors of the female genital tract, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study the, expression of senescence, apoptosis and proliferation markers in normal cervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and SCC are characterized via immunohistochemical staining for p14ARF, p15INK4b, p16INK4a, bcl-2, p53 and Ki-67 in tissue microarray blocks containing 20 samples each of normal cervix, moderate-to-severe cervical dysplasia (CIN II–III) and invasive SCC. Samples are derived from 60 total cases of cervical biopsies and cervical conizations. Results showed that the proliferation marker, Ki-67, is markedly increased, and the senescence markers, p15INK4b, p16INK4a and p14ARF are overexpressed in both dysplasia and carcinoma. P53 immunostain is negative in all normal cervical tissue, and positive in dysplasia and carcinoma. Although the expression of bcl-2 is increased in dysplasia, this marker is negative in approximately half of SCC cases. These results suggest that some senescence pathways are activated and are still maintained in cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. However proliferation is increased and carcinogenesis is not thwarted, leading to eventual development of cervical cancer. Other mechanisms, such as those that account for the apparent overexpression of p53 and paradoxical loss of bcl-2 expression in some SCC cases, as well as additional senescence and apoptotic pathways, may play key roles carcinogenesis of cervical SCC.
Assessing Targets for the Restoration of Herbaceous Vegetation in Ponderosa Pine Forests

A restoration project is considered a success when the initial target is met, but many targets are plausible. We evaluated the success of a restoration project in its 11th year since treatment in a southwestern ponderosa pine–bunchgrass community and the appropriateness of several targets. We measured the responses of (1) total standing crop; (2) standing crop of five functional groups (C3 and C4 graminoids, leguminous forbs, and nonleguminous perennial and annual forbs); (3) graminoid community composition; and (4) standing crop of five common graminoid species (Festuca arizonica, Muhlenbergia montana, Elymus elymoides, Carex geophila, and Poa fendleriana). Targets were quantified in remnant grass patches, which provided the standards for these targets, and were assessed in three other forest patch types (pre-settlement tree patches, post-settlement tree patches, and patches where all post-settlement trees were removed). Patches where all post-settlement trees were removed reached target levels for total standing crop, C3 and C4 graminoid standing crop, graminoid community composition, and M. montana, E. elymoides, and C. geophila standing crops. Standing crop of legumes and of F. arizonica did not increase over time in any patch type. Targets were not met in pre-settlement patches or in patches where some post-settlement trees were left standing, suggesting that it is unrealistic to expect equal responses across all patch types. If increasing herbaceous standing crop is a major goal, practitioners should create gaps within the pine forest canopy.
Attention and the right-ear advantage: What is the connection?

Dichotic listening originally was a means of studying attention. Half a century ago Doreen Kimura parlayed the dichotic method into a noninvasive indicator of lateralized cerebral language representation. The ubiquitous right-ear advantage (REA) for verbal material was accepted as a concomitant of left-sided language lateralization and preferential conduction of right-ear messages to the left hemisphere. As evidence has accumulated over the past 50years showing the REA to be dynamic and modifiable, the concept of attention has become essential for interpreting the findings. Progress in understanding the role of attention has been manifested as a transition from efforts to document attention effects to efforts to characterize their mechanisms. We summarize the relevant evidence, trace the evolution of explanatory models, and outline contemporary accounts of the role of attention in dichotic listening.
One-tape, off-line Turing machine computations

This paper has two purposes. The first is to investigate the characteristics of a restricted class of Turing machines, and to develop a simple tool for describing their computations. The second is to present specific problems for which tight lower bounds can be found for the computation times required by Turing machines of this restricted class.
Antonomous Environmental Definition of C-130 Flap Well Skin Panel

Air Force C-130 aircraft require numerous aluminum doubler repairs on the wing flap skin aft of the right-hand outboard engine. These repairs are costly and require riveting. Rivets often provide new areas of stress concentration, which causes new cracks to develop elsewhere. Boeing and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) are measuring the thermal and strain environment behind the right-hand outboard engine of a North Carolina Air National Guard (NCANG) operational C-130 aircraft (TN 93-1456) for use in design of a damped repair patch to prevent the growth of cracks in skin under the wing flap panel. During June 2003. AFRL engineers and technicians acquired data using an autonomous damage dosimeter during five operational C-130 flights. The damage dosimeter measures structural strains and temperatures on in-service aircraft to diagnose structural conditions that are difficult to analyze, such as acoustics and high cycle fatigue (HCF). The first flight was from Charlotte, North Carolina to Warner Robi...
Chance and choice, change and continuity--that's life.

In contemporary psychology, personality assessment knows few national or cultural boundaries. Psychological tests developed in one country are often translated and adapted into cultures that might appear to be greatly different from the country of origin. In this article, I address the factors that are important to international test adaptation and examine problems that can adversely affect cross-cultural test research programs. I address qualities important for verifying the accuracy and adequacy of cross-cultural assessment. I review the extensive adaptation of the MMPI (Hathaway & McKinley, 1940) and MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), the most frequently used personality measure. I highlight several contemporary research trends in international personality assessment.
Uptake of chylomicron remnants and hepatic lipase-treated chylomicrons by a non-transformed murine hepatocyte cell line in culture

Abstract AML 12 is a recently established differentiated, non-transformed hepatocyte cell line derived from mice transgenic for transforming growth factor α (Wu et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91, 674–678). The ability of these cells to take up [3H]cholesterol-labeled in vivo-generated chylomicron remnants, as well as [3H]cholesterol-labeled chylomicrons treated with hepatic lipase in vitro was investigated. Both types of lipoprotein particles were taken up by the AML hepatocytes at a much faster rate than intact chylomicrons, and in a saturable and specific manner. Chylomicrons treated with hepatic lipase in vitro competed with in vivo-generated chylomicron remnants for uptake by the AML hepatocytes, and the uptake of both types of lipoproteins was inhibited by lactoferrin, suggesting that they share the same process of cellular recognition and uptake. It is suggested that hepatic lipase-treated chylomicrons may be valuable in studies aimed at gaining a better understanding of the processes involved in the hepatic recognition and uptake of chylomicron remnants. AML hepatocytes, which can be maintained as replicating, untransformed, and differentiated under standard culture conditions, may be useful and practical for such studies.
Acidizing sandstone formations with fluoboric acid

The continuing search for an effective deep-penetrating sandstone acidizing system recently has focused on fluoboric acid (HBF/sub 4/). Because this acid first must hydrolyze in water to produce HF, it was believed that deeper radial penetration of live acid could be achieved during matrix acidizing operations. However, a thorough experimental study has shown that typical formation temperatures will cause fluoboric acid to spend at a rapid rate similar to that of conventional hydrofluoric acid (HF), thereby severely limiting its usefulness in most sandstone formations. Furthermore, the same silica reprecipitation potential associated with HF acidizing is also inherent in the HBF/sub 4/ system.
Effect of an electric field on an interfacial profile

Abstract We consider the interface between two dielectric liquids in an electric field which is parallel to the interface. Using the Ginsburg-Landau model for binary fluids we add a term for the electric field energy and show that near the critical point the effect of the electric field is to change both the interface width and the critical temperature.
Use of Halothane as a Model for Investigating Chemical-Induced Autoimmune Hepatotoxicity:

Adverse drug reactions are usually unpredictable. The mechanisms by which these reactions occur are poorly understood but often involve the immune system. The volatile anesthetic halothane has evolved as a model drug for investigating chemical-induced autoimmune hepatotoxicity. It has been shown that during the biotransformation of halothane, adducts are formed with liver proteins which can be recognized as neoantigens. These adducts have been associated with the production of a humoral and cellular immune response in a guinea pig model of halothane hepatotoxicity. This model has been used to examine the various aspects of an autoimmune response and the authors' attempts to correlate the immune response to the liver injury.
Berkeley's Two Panaceas

Though it seems the general opinion of the world, no less than the design of nature and providence, that the end of speculation be Practice, or the improvement and regulation of our lives and actio...
Role of Procoagulant Lipids in Human Prothrombin Activation. 1. Prothrombin Activation by Factor Xa in the Absence of Factor Va and in the Absence and Presence of Membranes

Activation of prothrombin by factor Xa requires proteolysis of two bonds and is commonly assumed to occur via by two parallel, sequential pathways. Hydrolysis of Arg322−Ile323 produces meizothrombin (MzIIa) as an intermediate, while hydrolysis of Arg273−Thr274 produces prethrombin 2−fragment 1.2 (Pre2−F1.2). Activation by human factor Xa of human prothrombin was examined in the absence of factor Va and in the absence and presence of bovine phosphatidylserine (PS)/palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (25:75) membranes. Four sets of data were collected: fluorescence of an active site probe (DAPA) was sensitive to thrombin, MzIIa, and Pre2−F1.2; a synthetic substrate (S-2238) detected thrombin or MzIIa active site formation; and SDS−PAGE detected both intermediates and thrombin. The fluorescence data provided an internal check on the active site and SDS−PAGE measurements. Kinetic constants for conversion of intermediates to thrombin were measured directly in the absence of membranes. Both MzIIa and Pre2−F1.2 ...
MATERIAL LOSS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE PHASE TRANSITION IN LITHIUM FERRITE

The morphology and kinetics of the phase transformations accompanying oxygen and lithium loss in LiFe5O8 were studied at 1200°C in air, in oxygen (P O2= 760 torr), and in vacuum (P= 5×10−5torr), using high-voltage electron microscopy. LiFeO2 nucleated and grew in the LiFe5O8 matrix and finally transformed to spinel in all three atmospheres; however, the kinetics of the transformation depended on the atmobphere. The dependence of these phase transformations on material loss is discussed.
Error-correcting codes for a compound channel

Many data-transmission and data-storage systems are corrupted by disturbances of both the burst type and the random type. In this paper two classes of error-correcting codes for use with these systems have been constructed analytically and with the aid of a computer. Although not optimal, these codes do have the advantage of ease of implementation,
Sensory hair cell death and regeneration in fishes

Sensory hair cells are specialized mechanotransductive receptors required for hearing and vestibular function. Loss of hair cells in humans and other mammals is permanent and causes reduced hearing and balance. In the early 1980's, it was shown that hair cells continue to be added to the inner ear sensory epithelia in cartilaginous and bony fishes. Soon thereafter, hair cell regeneration was documented in the chick cochlea following acoustic trauma. Since then, research using chick and other avian models has led to great insights into hair cell death and regeneration. However, with the rise of the zebrafish as a model organism for studying disease and developmental processes, there has been an increased interest in studying sensory hair cell death and regeneration in its lateral line and inner ears. Advances derived from studies in zebrafish and other fish species include understanding the effect of ototoxins on hair cells and finding otoprotectants to mitigate ototoxin damage, the role of cellular proliferation vs. direct transdifferentiation during hair cell regeneration, and elucidating cellular pathways involved in the regeneration process. This review will summarize research on hair cell death and regeneration using fish models, indicate the potential strengths and weaknesses of these models, and discuss several emerging areas of future studies.
An approach to evaluating structural pattern conformance of UML models

This paper describes an approach to evaluating the structural conformance of a UML class diagram to a design pattern. A design pattern is specified in an extension of the UML that defines the pattern as a family of models. A pattern specification consists of a set of pattern roles where a role specifies the properties of a pattern participant. The approach uses a divide-and-conquer method to evaluate pattern conformance. In the approach a pattern and the model being evaluated are decomposed into blocks. Then, the model blocks are evaluated for conformance to the role blocks in the pattern. When all individual role blocks are satisfied by the model blocks, the pattern as a whole is considered to evaluate the entire conformance of the model. A major benefit of this approach is the support for variations of pattern realizations through the notion of pattern roles. We illustrate the approach using the Visitor pattern and a price calculator, and demonstrate a prototype tool that supports the approach.
Potential benefits of combining EMI and GPR for enhanced UXO discrimination at highly contaminated sites

ABSTRACT In highly contaminated unexploded ordnance (UXO) cleanup sites, multiple metallic subsurface objects may appear within the field of view of the sensor simultaneously, both for electromagnetic induction (EMI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Sensor measurements consist of an a priori unknown mixture of the objects' responses. The two sensing systems can provide different kinds of information, which are complementary and could together produce enhanced UXO discrimination in such cases. GPR can indicate the number of objects and their approximate locations and orientations. This data can then serve as prior information in EMI modeling based on the standardized excitation approximation (SEA ). The method is capable of producing very fast, ultra-high fidelity renderings of each objects response, including all effects of near and far field observation, non-uniform excitation, geometrical and material heterogeneity, and internal interactions. Given good position information, the SEA formulation inverts successfully for EMI parameters for each of the two objects, using EMI data in which their signals overlap. The values of the inferred parameters, in terms of their frequency and spatial patterns for an object's response to each basic excitation, are unique characteristics of the object and could thus serve as a basis for classification. Keywords : Electromagnetic induction, ground penetrating radar, scattering, UXO, standardized excitation approach, classification, discrimination, MAS.
Frightening Information and Extraneous Arousal: Changing Cognitions and Behavior regarding Nuclear War

Abstract An experiment was designed to demonstrate that fear creates changes, that extraneous arousal modulates the effect of frightening information, and that Janis's (1967) theory may explain these effects. American students watched either a videotape depicting a nuclear attack or a nonfrightening videotape unrelated to nuclear war and were required to perform 10, 20, 35, or 100 jumping jacks. The results of the experiment demonstrated that fear was effective, especially at moderate levels of extraneous arousal, but high levels of arousal eliminated or reversed the effects.
Review and Future of Ionic Polymerization with Special Emphasis on Carbonyl Polymerization

Abstract Ionic polymerization received prominence about 35 years ago when isobutylene was commercially polymerized by two processes which, with some modifications, are still used today [1]. One process uses aluminum chloride as the initiator and the other uses boron trifluoride; both cationic polymerization processes are carried out at low temperatures. A number of additional commercial processes based on cationic and anionic polymerization have since been developed. Cyclic ethers, most prominently tetrahydrofuran, are polymerized cationically to relatively low molecular weight hydroxyl terminated polyethers which have found important uses in polyurethanes. Trioxane is copolymerized with a small amount of ethylene oxide to form a useful copolymer of polyoxymethylene. Other products which are of interest are the polymers of caprolactone and epichlorohydrin and polymers of various epoxides, mainly those of glycidyl ethers which are most commonly known as epoxy resins. Anionic polymerization on a commercial ...
Out of the Streets and into the Classroom? The New Left and the Counterculture in United States History Textbooks.

The United States history survey course has become a battlefield in the contemporary culture wars. Both within and outside the academy, conservative critics have complained that the standard textbook narrative represents a triumph of 1960s radicalism. What the New Left could not accomplish on the barricades, it achieved in the classroom. A small "angry group of anti-American radicals," in the words of Rush Limbaugh, "have bullied their way into the power positions in academia." Driven underground, the countercultural politics of sixties radicals survived and triumphed, insidiously filling the textbooks and poisoning the minds of today's students with radical propaganda. "It is a cheap-shot, leftist point-of-view of history," Albert Shanker, president of the American Federation of Teachers, said of the proposed national history standards, a document that reflected the prevailing consensus in contemporary American historical scholarship. "Everything that is European or American, or has to do with white people is evil and oppressive."'
Spinning molecules to bits

The speed at which a jet can travel is limited by the mechanical strength of the rotor blades — as the rotor speeds up there is some point at which it breaks. This can also happen at the molecular scale if individual molecules are made to spin fast enough.
Reptile respiratory medicine.

Respiratory disease is commonly diagnosed in captive reptiles, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although all species of reptiles are susceptible, most commonly, chelonians and snakes present with acute or chronic respiratory tract disease. Environmental requirements for most reptile species are very specific and often difficult to meet in captivity. Suboptimal environmental conditions such as too high or too low temperature and humidity, inadequate diet and chronic stress (eg, poor cage design and/or incompatible cage mates) will result in an immunocompromised animal. A variety of infectious agents, including viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic agents have been detected and associated with respiratory disease in reptiles, but noninfectious causes such as foreign bodies and trauma are also common. Knowledge and understanding of the unique reptilian respiratory anatomy and physiology is mandatory for the successful diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease. Respiratory disease may be the primary disease or may have developed secondary to underlying disease processes also requiring treatment. Although the initial approach to the reptilian patient presented with respiratory disease follows the same principles known from domestic animals, advanced diagnostic investigations, interpretation of diagnostic tests, as well as treatment protocols need to be modified due to the unique respiratory morphology and function of reptiles. The pathophysiology of many reptilian diseases, including respiratory tract disease, differs considerably from mammals. In addition, reptiles may respond differently to therapeutic regimen when compared to mammals. Prior to treatment, it is essential to determine the causative agent(s) for respiratory disease and correct improper husbandry practices to ensure optimal response of the patient to treatment.
Ground state of solid hydrogen at high pressures

Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the properties of bulk hydrogen at zero temperature have been performed. The only approximations involved in these calculations are the restriction to finite systems (64 to 432 atoms), the use of the fixed-node approximation to treat Fermi statistics, and the finite length of the Monte Carlo runs. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation was avoided by solving the quantum many-body problem simultaneously both for the electron and proton degrees of freedom. Using different trial functions and several different crystal structures the transition between the explored molecular and atomic phases was determined to occur at 3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 Mbar. The transition to a rotationally ordered molecular phase occurred at about 1.0 Mbar. A lower bound to the static dielectric constant, given in terms of the static structure factor, was found to lie close to experimental values and became large for pressures greater than 500 kbar.
Modeling of energy dissipation in structural devices and foundation soil during seismic loading

Abstract Though rocking shallow foundations could be designed to possess many desirable characteristics such as energy dissipation, isolation, and self-centering, current seismic design codes often avoid nonlinear behavior of soil and energy dissipation beneath foundations. This paper compares the effectiveness of energy dissipation in foundation soil (during rocking) with the effectiveness of structural energy dissipation devices during seismic loading. Numerical simulations were carried out to systematically study the seismic energy dissipation in structural elements and passive controlled energy dissipation devices inserted into the structure. The numerical model was validated using shaking table experimental results on model frame structures with and without energy dissipation devices. The energy dissipation in the structure, drift ratio, and the force and displacement demands on the structure are compared with energy dissipation characteristics of rocking shallow foundations as observed in centrifuge experiments, where shallow foundations were allowed to rock on dry sandy soil stratum during dynamic loading. For the structures with energy dissipating devices, about 70–90% of the seismic input energy is dissipated by energy dissipating devices, while foundation rocking dissipates about 30–90% of the total seismic input energy in foundation soil (depending on the static factor of safety). Results indicate that, if properly designed (with reliable capacity and tolerable settlements), adverse effects of foundation rocking can be minimized, while taking advantage of the favorable features of foundation rocking and hence they can be used as efficient and economical seismic energy dissipation mechanisms in buildings and bridges.
Ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with virilization.

Abstract Background. Ovarian neoplasms, other than sex cord–stromal tumors, are rare causes of hyperandrogenism. Only two cases of primary mucinous carcinomas associated with virilization have been reported. Case. A 50-year-old female was referred to our clinic with a large pelvic mass. On examination she had significant facial hirsutism, clitoromegaly, and male pattern pubic hair growth. Serum levels of testosterone and dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate were elevated. A 30-cm, multilocular, solid and cystic, left ovarian mass was resected. Histology revealed moderately to poorly differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. The ovarian stroma contained florid proliferation of luteinized cells. The right ovary showed cortical stromal hyperplasia. Abnormal hormone values normalized 10 days postoperatively. Conclusion. We report a rare case of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with virilization, review the literature, and discuss the mechanisms of hormone production by these tumors.
Muscle Inflammation Induces a Protein Kinase Cε–Dependent Chronic-Latent Muscle Pain

Abstract Skeletal muscle injuries can induce chronic pain, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. One possible cause has been suggested to be an increased sensitivity to inflammatory mediators. We demonstrate that self-limited inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular carrageenan (lasting ∼5 days) results in a state of chronic-latent hyperalgesia, revealed by injection of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) 10 days after carrageenan at the same site. In carrageenan-pretreated muscle, PGE 2 produced hyperalgesia that was unattenuated even 14 days after injection, markedly longer than the 4-hour hyperalgesia induced by PGE 2 in naive rats. This chronic-latent hyperalgesia was reversed as well as prevented by spinal intrathecal injection of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to protein kinase Ce, a second messenger implicated in long-lasting plasticity in cutaneous nociceptors. Perspective We describe a novel experimental model for chronic muscle pain, produced by mild acute muscle inflammation, that has clinical significance since it has the potential to reveal cellular processes by which acute inflammation or muscle trauma underlies chronic muscle pain.
‘The Ancient Cult of Madame’: when therapists trade curiosity for certainty

An experience in which the author followed his own objectives rather than the patient's, leading to a tragic end, is evoked as a frame for the presentation and discussion of a family treatment where the therapeutic process led by the therapist may have exceeded the needs and expectation of the family members. This is followed by a discussion about potential problems caused by a therapist's fascination for family stories, since its effects may be epistemologically discontinuous from, if not contradictory to, Cecchin's recommendation for ‘curiosity’ as a central dictum of the therapist's stance.
Theoretical Study of the Damping of Collective Excitations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

We study the damping of low-lying collective excitations of condensates in a weakly interacting Bose gas model within the framework of an imaginary time path integral. A general expression of the damping rate has been obtained for both the very low temperature regime and the higher temperature regime. For the latter, the result is new and applicable to recent experiments. Theoretical predictions for the damping rate are compared with the experimental values. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Natural order recovery for banded covariance models

Banded covariance models have recently received attention in the high dimensional covariance estimation literature. Banded inverse covariance models correspond to autoregressive processes and thus have a simple and intuitive interpretation, offering insight into underlying covariance structure. While a body of asymptotic results for banded estimators exists in the literature, these methods assume knowledge of a natural variable ordering. Although such an ordering may be known a priori, for example with time series data, in other settings it must be inferred before banding approaches can be applied. In this paper, we present a new method for recovering order of random variables based on Gaussian graphical modelling when the underlying inverse covariance matrices are banded or differentially banded. We demonstrate our algorithm on both synthetic and real data, and compare our results with the only other published order recovery method.
EVALUATION OF THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF THE VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS, GLOMUS EPIGAEUS

SUMMARY The potential of Glomus epigaeus for commercial use was evaluated with respect to epigeous spore production, host growth stimulation, and methods of spore storage. Significantly more sporocarps were produced on sudan grass watered manually than on tomato, soybean, or asparagus plants which were watered manually, misted, or enclosed in plastic to increase surface humidity. Sporocarps produced on sudan grass varied in size from 3 to 7 mm to 8 to 12 mm in diameter, depending on age, and each contained approximately 1 × 105 to 7.5 × 106 spores. An average of 4.5 sporocarps were produced per pot monthly. Significant (P = 0.05) growth responses occurred on tomato, soybean, citrus, maize, sudan, asparagus and cotton but not in olive. Growth responses to G. mosseae occurred on tomato, citrus and cotton; to G. fasciculatus on citrus only; to G. epigaeus on tomato, citrus, maize, sudan grass and asparagus; and to G. constrictus on maize only. Germinability of nondisinfested and surface disinfested (10 % chlorox or chloramine T-streptomycin) G. epigaeus spores was tested following storage for 3 months using 13 methods. No surface disinfested spores germinated except those stored in wet loamy sand. Nondisinfested spores stored in moist loamy sand, dry loamy sand, sterilized bentonite, sterilized H2O, streptomycin gentamycin solution, and as whole sporocarps germinated 1, 33, 80, 37, 13 and 83% respectively. The spore producing capacity, efficiency on a wide range of host plants, and ease of storage make G. epigaeus a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus with considerable commercial potential.
Increased function and survival of IL-15-transduced human dendritic cells are mediated by up-regulation of IL-15Rα and Bcl-2

It has been recently demonstrated that dendritic cells (DC) coincubated with interleukin (IL)-15 express high levels of the Bcl-2 family of proteins and display an increased resistance to tumor-induced apoptotic death. Here, the phenotype, functions, and survival of human DC transduced with adenoviral vector encoding the human IL-15 gene were studied. The transduction of DC with the IL-15 gene resulted in a significant elevation of expression of CD83, CD86, and CD40 molecules, which was blocked by anti-IL-15 monoclonal antibodies. This effect was also accompanied by an increased production of IL-12 and stimulated ability of DC to induce T cell proliferation. Furthermore, transduction of DC with the IL-15 gene significantly increased their resistance to prostate cancer-induced apoptosis: Overexpression of IL-15 on DC blocked tumor-induced inhibition of Bcl-2 expression and prolonged DC survival after coincubation with tumor cells. Finally, overexpression of IL-15 in DC was associated with a higher level of expression of IL-15 receptor alpha chain mRNA. In summary, these results suggest that transduction of DC with the IL-15 gene markedly stimulates DC function and protects them from tumor-induced apoptosis.