cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of position, time in the season, and playing surface on Achilles tendon ruptures in NFL games: a 2009-10 to 2016-17 review.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are a potentially career-altering and ending injury. Achilles tendon ruptures have a below average return-to-play rate compared to other common orthopaedic procedures for National Football League (NFL) players. The objective of this study was to monitor the incidence and injury rates (IR) of AT ruptures that occurred during the regular season in order to evaluate the influence of player position, time of injury, and playing surface on rupture rates.Methods: A thorough online review was completed to identify published injury reports and public information regarding AT ruptures sustained during regular season and post-season games in the National Football League (NFL) during the 2009–10 to 2016–17 seasons. Team schedules, player position details and stadium information was used to determine period of the season of injury and playing surface. IRs were calculated per 100 team games (TG). Injury rate ratios (IRR) were utilized to compare IRs.Results: During eig...
Occupational therapy and advanced dementia: A practitioner survey

Aims: There is a gap in research about the role of occupational therapy (OT) in the United States with clients with advanced dementia. The purpose of this study is to explore OT practice with clients with advanced dementia within the United States by surveying practitioners. Study questions addressed interventions, including frequency and perceived effectiveness, intervention priorities, and barriers to practice. Methods: Survey methodology was employed to obtain the practice experience of the United States OT practitioners working with clients with advanced dementia. Results: Respondents (n = 95) were mostly occupational therapists with 10 years of practice experience, some reporting dual roles as administrators or fieldwork educators, working in long-term care settings. Respondents spent minimal time per week with clients with advanced dementia, providing primarily one-to-one interventions with varied perceived effectiveness. A wide range of interventions were aemployed. Therapist and perceived facility intervention priorities differed. The most frequently reported barrier to practice was client factors, followed by institutional barriers. Thematic analysis of qualitative questions further elucidates the practice experience of respondents. Conclusions: Findings provide insight into occupational therapy practice in the United States with clients with advanced dementia. This study describes interventions utilized with this population, barriers to practice, and perceived effectiveness of interventions. Qualitative entries describe care approaches for this population and challenges to providing care. While this study adds to the evidence base for occupational therapy's role in serving clients with advanced dementia, there remains a need for more research in this area.
Flavors of active learning in computer science classrooms

The panel is designed to familiarize computer science educators with a variety of active learning strategies and to support these educators in evaluating what strategies may be applicable to their teaching context. Each panelist will introduce the pedagogy they have used in their classroom and discuss some of the challenges and benefits of the techniques. After each presenter describes his/her approach to integrating active learning into the classroom, the audience will have the opportunity to break into small groups to discuss questions or concerns about adopting active learning techniques. The panelists will answer questions in these small groups and will support educators to consider adopting active learning strategies. The session will close with a final question and answer session of all presenters.
Analyzing the effect of DoS attacks on network performance

This paper discusses the performance of an office network during a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. A group of client workstations access wirelessly a WLAN server. The purpose is to simulate heavy database traffic under normal work conditions. For the DoS experiment, Global Wireless LAN Delay, Global DB Query Traffic Sent, Global DB Query Traffic Received, Node IP Traffic Dropped, Point-to-Point Queuing Delay, Point-to-Point Throughput, and Point-to-Point Utilization are measured in the presence of a jammer which utilizes frequency sweeping. A comparison of the performance of the network under the normal conditions and DoS scenario is analyzed. The results demonstrate the severe impact of a DoS attack on the network's performance.
Perceptual averaging of facial expressions requires visual awareness and attention

Humans, as highly social animals, are regularly exposed to the faces of conspecifics-often more than one at a time. This feature of social living is important for understanding face perception, not just because it means that information from faces is available in bulk, but also because it changes the way individuals are perceived. For instance, when two faces are seen nearby one another, they tend to look like each other. This phenomenon of perceptual averaging is robust when both faces are seen and attended. But in everyday life, some faces may not receive the full benefit of attention, or they may not be visible at all. We evaluated whether perceptual averaging of relatively complex and simple information on faces, including facial expression and head orientation, can still occur even in these circumstances. In particular, we used object-substitution masking (OSM) and a dual-task designed to disrupt visual awareness and attention, respectively, during evaluations of briefly presented face pairs. Disruptions of awareness or attention eliminated averaging of facial expression, whereas orientation averaging persisted in spite of these challenges. These results demonstrate boundary conditions for the process of perceptual averaging. More generally, they provide insight into how the visual system processes multitudes of objects, both simple and complex, both with and without attention and awareness.
Achilles Pullout Strength After Open Calcaneoplasty for Haglund's Syndrome.

Background:Haglund’s syndrome involves a prominent posterior superior prominence of the calcaneus. If nonoperative management fails, operative management with calcaneoplasty is often needed. No stu...
Universal Tumor Screening for Lynch Syndrome

Lynch syndrome is estimated to affect 1 out of every 279 individuals worldwide. However, 95% of individuals with Lynch syndrome are not aware of their diagnosis. Therefore, it is important that we maximize all possible efforts to diagnose individuals with Lynch syndrome. Universal tumor screening is one approach that has been successful in helping to identify patients who might not have been referred for a genetics assessment otherwise. Universal tumor screening consists of testing the paraffin-embedded tumor from individuals with colorectal or endometrial cancer for features of deficient mismatch repair including microsatellite instability and/or absence of any of the four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Several professional organizations have recommended universal tumor screening of all newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. Reasons for this recommendation are that patients whose tumors exhibit microsatellite instability (whether proven by MSI testing or extrapolated from abnormal IHC testing) have a better prognosis may need different treatment from those without microsatellite instability, and are more likely to have Lynch syndrome. Patients whose tumors exhibit MSI or have abnormal IHC without MLH1 methylation are suspicious for having Lynch syndrome and are candidates for genetic counseling and germline genetic testing. Best practices for implementing universal tumor screening have been explored.
Chapter 14 – Coupling Interfacial Electrochemistry with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: An Electronic Perspective

Publisher Summary This chapter demonstrates the electronic investigative power of electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (EC-NMR). The chapter correlates the two most important physical attributes—the Fermi level local density of states (Ef-LDOS) and the d band center—in defining the catalytic activity of a metal surface. Using CO adsorption as a paradigm, the unique and detailed electronic/mechanistic insights on the CO–metal bonding can be obtained. They are usually complimentary to those obtained from the other spectroscopic methods. Additionally, under certain qualitative assumptions presented in the chapter, some simple correlations between the trend of variations in the Ef-LDOS and the trend of variations in the d band center can be established. The former trend can in principle be obtained by EC-NMR while the latter by quantum density functional theory (DFT) calculations or by photoemission spectroscopy of valence bands and core levels. The consistency in reasoning and predictions obtained using both attributes has been excellent so far, thus ensuring a sound physical basis for such an approach. The complementary nature of these two attributes if correlated should enable the catalytic activity of a metal surface to be better and more comprehensively defined and understood. These correlations strengthen further the ability of EC-NMR in offering a detailed electronic picture of metal–adsorbate bonding interactions by extending its base of theoretical rationales.
Effects of cyanate in rabbits.

Cerami and Manning have proposed that cyanate be used in the treatment of persons with sickle cell disease (1). These investigators have shown that this compound inhibits sickling in vitro (1); that cells treated with cyanate in vitro have a prolonged survival in vivo when reinfused into the donor (2); and that cyanate has no adverse effects upon red cell metabolism (3). Although it was first reported that sickle cells treated with cyanate were rendered incapable of sickling, it has now been shown that these cells do sickle but lower oxygen tensions are required (4,5). Cyanate reacts with hemoglobin primarily by carbamylation of the α-amino group of both the α and β chains (6). The carbamylated hemoglobin has an increased affinity for oxygen (6) probably resulting from its inability to react with DPG (7) which is normally bound by the N-terminal amino groups of the β chain (8).
Progress in the history of Alzheimer's disease: The importance of context

The history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically formulated as the history of great doctors and scientists in the past making great discoveries that are in turn taken up by great doctors and scientists in the present - all sharing the aim of unraveling the mysteries of the disease and discovering how it can be prevented or cured. While it can certainly be edifying to study the "great men" and how their contributions laid the foundation for current work, there are problems with this approach to history. First, it oversimplifies the actual historical development of science. Second, using history to legitimate the present can keep us from asking critical questions about the aims and limits of contemporary research. This chapter urges a broader view of the history of AD, one that recognizes that context is as important as the great doctors to the historical development of the concept of AD. Thought of this way, I argue that it is useful to divide of the history of AD into three periods. First there was the period in which Alzheimer and Kraepelin laid the clinical and pathological foundations of the disease concept. Then there is our own period, which began in the late 1970s and has emphasized the biological mechanisms of dementia. In between, there is the period - almost completely ignored in most histories of AD - that conceptualized dementia in psychodynamic terms. It is true that the psychodynamic model of dementia did not directly contribute to the concepts and theories that dominate AD research today. But it did change the context of aging and dementia in important ways, without which AD could not have emerged as a major disease worthy of a massive, publicly supported research initiative.
Chronic Pseudoaneurysm and Coarctation of the Aorta: A Rare Delayed Complication of Trauma

We report an unusual case of pseudoaneurysm and coarctation of the descending thoracic aorta after trauma. The coarctation of aorta resulted in hypertension, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Surgical bypass resulted in control of blood pressure and improvement of heart failure symptoms. The mechanism of aortic injury leading to the development of this rare combination is discussed.
Some Gibberellin Effects on Flowering of Plants

The gibberellins probably play the most important role in flower formation of all plant growth substances thus far evaluated. Some flowering responses of higher plants subject to regulation by gibberellin are summarized in Table 1. The majority of rosette forming coldrequiring and long-day plants have been induced to flower with gibberellin. Facultative long-day plants also flower earlier when treated with gibberellin under both long and short photoperiods. Many obligate long-day plants have been induced to flower under strictly non-inductive conditions. Most biennials, which also have a long-day requirement, maintained in long days may be induced to flower without cold exposure, or the temperature requirement for flowering is greatly reduced. Usually, but not always, following gibberellin treatment of biennials or long-day plants, stem elongation occurs before flower primordia are formed. This is the reverse of the usual sequence in which flower primordia are first initiated and stem elongation follows. Thus far it has been noted that gibberellin replaces the cold but not the long day requirement for flowering in many biennials. The possibility remains, however, that both the low temperature and photoperiodic requirements for flowering of all biennials and long-day plants may be replaced by a suitable gibberellin and dosage regime. Flowering in two apparently facultative short day plants, Cosmos and Pharbitis maintained in long days has been accelerated by gibberellin treatment. Short day induction in Xanthium, Fragaria, and Perilla has been enhanced. Contrastingly, in Kalanchoe, Pisum, and Lycopersicon the effectiveness of a suitable photoperiod to enhance flowering is reduced with gibberellin. Flowering in Prunus, having no specific photoperiodic requirement for flowering, and in Weigela, where short day exposure promotes flower initiation, may be completely inhibited.
Tumor promoters and the mechanism of tumor promotion.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the studies on the mechanism of tumor promotion in mouse skin by croton oil and phorbol diesters and on the effects of these compounds on cell cultures of various types. The chapter discusses the findings in the field of tumor promoters during mid- 1979 and provides sources in the literature that are useful as background. For an historical perspective of the concept of two-stage carcinogenesis and tumor promotion are described. The demonstration of two distinct stages in experimentally induced cancer in animals suggests that there are two stages in environmentally induced cancer in humans. Tumor induction can be divided into two distinct treatment stages, initiation and promotion, and that the promotion stage is reversible. Compounds with tumor-promoting activity are a class of cocarcinogens that are not themselves mutagenic or carcinogenic but that cause the formation of tumors when applied repeatedly after an irreversible event has been "initiated" by a carcinogen. Prevention of human cancer requires the identification and, wherever possible, the elimination of these agents. Because promotion is a reversible process that requires repeated exposure over a period of time, in contrast to the rapid, irreversible process of initiation by carcinogens, manipulation of promotion would seem to be the best method of cancer prevention. The identification of promoters in the environment, and the elucidation of their mechanisms of action, could lead to prophylactic measures such as the development of drugs specifically designed to interfere with the promotion mechanism and prevent tumor formation.
PGC1a at the Nexus of Cancer Stem Cell Fates

Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism using different strategies to meet anabolic demands to maintain growth and survival. Defining the molecular and genetic determinants of these metabolic programs, including ROS metabolism, is critical to successfully exploit them for therapy. PGC1a is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, protects against oxidative stress and reprograms metabolism to influence drug sensitivity and survival. For example, a subset of melanomas is highly dependent on PGC1a and activates a powerful ROS detoxification capacity that enables survival. Interfering with the ROS detoxification system provides important vulnerabilities of melanoma cells. Importantly, PGC1a is also linked to mitochondrial heterogeneity that allows selective outgrow of cells, both during natural selection and drug-targeted resistance, that exhibit an invasive and aggressive phenotype. Mechanistically, PGC1a establishes a series of transcriptional networks that execute cellular functions including survival and invasion that are central to melanoma progression and therapy responses. In addition, PGC1a also maintain metabolic-dependent epigenetic states that are essential to melanoma progression. As it relates to ROS detoxification capacities these networks are associated with genes that allowed cell reprogramming and survival. The mitochondrial heterogeneity defines different ROS detoxification phenotypes, however the implication of these unique phenotypes to melanoma progression is unknown, but it is likely to impact the fate of melanoma cells including programs of differentiation, growth, survival and invasion.
Dermatologic care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: Terminology, demographics, health disparities, and approaches to care.

More than 10 million lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons live in the United States. Improving their health is a public health priority. LGBT persons have specific health concerns and face health care disparities. Awareness of those issues and disparities can enable dermatologists to provide medically appropriate and culturally competent care to LGBT patients. This review highlights terminology important in caring for LGBT persons, LGBT demographics in the United States, health care disparities faced by LGBT persons, and approaches to caring for LGBT patients.
Regulation of DNA synthesis and capacity for initiation in DNA temperature sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli I. Reinitiation and chain elongation.

The capacity for initiation and subsequent chain elongation was examined in several DNA temperature sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli after the mutants had been held at nonpermissive temperature for approximately 1.5 generation equivalents and then returned to permissive temperature in the presence of chloramphenicol. The results obtained indicate that 4–5 sets of replication forks can be initiated after return to permissive temperature in the presence of chloramphenicol but the forks apparently become stalled and fail to complete chromosomal replication in the presence of chloramphenicol. In temperature reversible dnaA mutants, once the chloramphenicol is removed the forks appear to be able to resume replication at the nonpermissive temperature. The relationship between premature initiation and premature chain termination is discussed.
Graft Failure Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant: Conditioning Regimen Improves Engraftment and Survival

Introduction- Untreated Graft Failure (GF) post allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) is potentially lethal. Salvage stem cells with or without additional conditioning regimen can be curative but concerns about toxicity and the need for adequate immunosuppression needs to be balanced in the therapeutic decisions. Due to the rarity of GF and paucity of data no consensus exists on the most preferred combinations to opt at the time of intervention. To address this unmet scenario we performed a large single institution retrospective study. Methods- From January 1996- February 2016, 97 patients received treatment for GF following an allo-SCT. We excluded from the analysis patients (n-15) who received autologous cells as their sole rescue and those who developed GF after progression of the underlying malignancy. Both primary GF (48%) and secondary GF (52%) post 1st allo-SCT were included. Median time from 1st allo-SCT to GF rescue intervention was 56 (range 21-738) days. Conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic rescue cell infusions was categorized as : 1) no preparative regimen (21%) 2) single agent antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or Campath (6%) 3) Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) chemotherapy or low dose total body irradiation (TBI) (200cGY) (28%) (4) Fludarabine (Flu) + ATG (41%) and 5) miscellaneous other combinations (4%). Engraftment (absolute neutrophil count ≥ 500 for 3 consecutive days) and overall survival (OS) from the time of intervention were the main outcomes of interest. The following factors were considered for their association with primary outcomes following GF rescue intervention: 1) donor/ patient demographics, 2) disease status, 3) graft- source (related, unrelated donors, peripheral blood, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood), cell dose, graft modification (t cell deplete vs replete), level of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)/ABO matching between donor and recipient and 4) treatment related metrics (conditioning regimens and graft versus host disease prophylaxis). Results- Among patients (n=82) who received GF rescue intervention, 56 (68%) engrafted, 10 (12%) failed to engraft and 16 (20%) had early death ( Conclusions- GF post allo-SCT is a rare entity with sparse long term survivors despite interventions. For patients eligible to receive conditioning, use of RIC portends better engraftment and survival prior to cell rescue. Disclosures Oran: Celgene: Research Funding; AROG: Research Funding; Astex: Research Funding. Khouri: Novartis: Research Funding.
Differential Effects of Time to Initiation of Therapy on Disability and Quality of Life in Patients With Mild and Moderate to Severe Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of time to acute therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disability after ischemic stroke. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Comprehensive stroke care center in a large metropolitan city. Participants Patients (N=553; mean age, 67 y; 51.9% male; 64.4% white; 88.8% ischemic stroke) with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) enrolled in a longitudinal observational study between August 2012 to January 2014 who received rehabilitation services. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Disability status was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI). HRQoL was assessed using the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders measures of executive function, general cognitive concerns, upper extremity dexterity, and lower extremity mobility. Time to therapy consult and treatment were defined as the number of days from hospital admission to initial consult by a therapist and number of days from hospital admission to initial treatment, respectively. Results Among the participants, the median number of days from hospital admission to acute therapy consult was 2 days (interquartile range, 1-3d). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models indicated that for those with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score Conclusions Longer time to initiation of acute therapy has differential effects on poststroke disability and HRQoL up to 1-month after ischemic stroke and TIA. The effect of acute therapy consult is more notable for those with mild deficits, while the effect of acute therapy treatment is more notable for those with moderate to severe deficits. Minimizing time to therapy consults and treatments in the acute hospital period might improve outcomes after ischemic stroke and TIA.
Optimal processing for proteomic genotyping of single human hairs.

The use of hair evidence for human identification is undergoing considerable improvement through the adoption of proteomic genotyping. Unlike traditional microscopic comparisons, protein sequencing provides quantitative and empirically based estimates for random match probability. Non-synonymous SNPs are translated as single amino acid polymorphisms and result in genetically variant peptides. Using high resolution mass spectrometry, these peptides can be detected in hair shaft proteins and used to infer the genotypes of corresponding SNP alleles. We describe experiments to optimize the proteomic genotyping approach to individual identification from a single human scalp hair 2 cm in length (∼100 μg). This is a necessary step to develop a protocol that will be useful to forensic investigators. To increase peptide yield from hair, and to maximize genetically variant peptide and ancestral information, we examined the conditions for reduction, alkylation, and protein digestion that specifically address the distinctive chemistry of the hair shaft. Results indicate that optimal conditions for proteomic analysis of a single human hair include 6 h of reduction with 100 mM dithiothreitol at room temperature, alkylation with 200 mM iodoacetamide for 45 min, and 6 h of digestion with two 1:50 (enzyme:protein) additions of stabilized trypsin at room temperature, with stirring incorporated into all three steps. Our final conditions using optimized temperatures and incubation times increased the average number of genetically variant peptides from 20 ± 5 to 73 ± 5 (p = 1 × 10-13), excluding intractable hair samples. Random match probabilities reached up to 1 in 620 million from a single hair with a median value of 1 in 1.1 million, compared to a maximum random match probability of 1 in 1380 and a median value of 1 in 24 for the original hair protein extraction method. Ancestral information was also present in the data. While the number of genetically variant peptides detected were equivalent for both European and African subjects, the estimated random match probabilities for inferred genotypes of European subjects were considerably smaller in African reference populations and vice versa, resulting in a difference in likelihood ratios of 6.8 orders of magnitude. This research will assure uniformity in results across different biogeographic backgrounds and enhance the use of novel peptide analysis in forensic science by helping to optimize genetically variant peptide yields and discovery. This work also introduces two algorithms, GVP Finder and GVP Scout, which facilitate searches, calculate random match probabilities, and aid in discovery of genetically variant peptides.
Monitoring Local Electric Fields using Stark-Shifts on Napthyl Nitrile-Functionalized Silicon Photoelectrodes

We report spectroscopic measurements of the local electric field using vibrational Stark-shifts of napthyl nitrile-functionalized silicon under electrochemical working conditions. The C≡N bond is p...
Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function Has a Lower Effect Size and is Less Responsive Than Legacy Hip Specific Patient Reported Outcome Measures Following Arthroscopic Hip Surgery.

Purpose To compare the use and responsiveness of Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to legacy patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) at 6-month follow-up. Methods Data from patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy with routine capsular closure between August 2018 and January 2019 for the treatment of FAIS were analyzed. Preoperative outcomes, 6-month postoperative outcomes, and demographics were recorded. Primary outcome measures included PROMIS Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), PROMIS Pain Interference (PROMIS-PI), and PROMIS Depression. The legacy PROMs included Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score Sport Subscale (HOS-SS), and the international hip outcome tool 12 questions (iHOT-12). Floor and ceiling effects along with the responsiveness and Cohen’s d effect size of each PROM tool were calculated. Results Ninety-six patients with an average age and body mass index of 32.4 ± 11.9 years and 25.9 ± 6.1 kg/m2, respectively, were included in the final analysis. All outcomes were significantly higher at 6 months compared with the preoperative level (P Conclusions In patients at 6 months postoperatively from hip arthroscopy for FAIS, iHOT-12 was the most responsive and had the largest effect size. In contrast, PROMIS-PF had a lower effect size compared with legacy hip-specific PROMs. Additionally, PROMIS-PF did not correlate as well with iHOT-12 compared with HOS-SS. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Physical structure contributions in pH degradation of PEO-b-PCL films

Abstract Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) is an intriguing candidate for hydrophobic drug encapsulation and controlled release into the body as a biocompatible, amphiphilic block copolymer. In this study, a variety of characterization techniques, including DSC, NMR, and SEM, were employed to investigate the degradation of PEO-b-PCL films within aqueous environments. Previous work has shown that the degradation of these films is accelerated in both basic and acidic environments; however, it is important to develop a better understanding of degradation rate as it relates to the physical structure of the films. To this end, the degree of crystallinity of each block within PEO-b-PCL films was manipulated intentionally by varying the molecular weight and rate of cooling from melt. The data indicated that molecular weight, cooling rate, and pH all have substantial effects on the rate of degradation of the films and on the composition of the degradation products over time. In general, increasing the mass fraction or degree of crystallinity of PCL leads to slower degradation. Further, crystallization of the PEO block hinders buffer penetration, slowing degradation, while a higher mass fraction of amorphous PEO accelerates the erosion of these films. This insight can help inform efforts to fine-tune the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic pharmaceutical compounds.
A Social Network Analysis of Positive and Negative Gossip in Organizational Life

The authors use social network analysis to understand how employees’ propensity to engage in positive and negative gossip is driven by their underlying relationship ties. They find that expressive friendship ties between employees are positively related to engaging in both positive and negative gossip, whereas instrumental workflow ties, which are less trusting than friendship ties, are related solely with positive gossip. The authors also find that structural embeddedness in the friendship network further increases the chance that the pair will engage in negative gossip. Finally, an employee’s total gossiping activity (both positive and negative) is negatively related to supervisors’ evaluations of the employee’s performance, whereas total gossip activity is positively related to peers’ evaluations of the employee’s informal influence.
Proactive Operations and Investment Planning via Stochastic Optimization to Enhance Power Systems’ Extreme Weather Resilience

AbstractWe present scalable stochastic optimization approaches for improving power systems’ resilience to extreme weather events. We consider both proactive redispatch and transmission line hardeni...
In High-Risk Older Patients with Atrial Fibrillation, Rhythm Control Reduces Cardiovascular Death and Stroke, But at a Price.

In high-risk older patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation, a strategy of rhythm control results in fewer cardiovascular deaths and fewer strokes.
Skilled Nursing Facility-to-Home Trajectories for Older Adults With Mental Illness or Dementia.

Abstract Objectives To examine how mental illness (MI) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) were associated with whether skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents returned to and remained in the community and if receipt of home health services was associated with post-SNF home time. Design Retrospective cohort study based on secondary data analyses. Setting New York State Medicare beneficiaries who were admitted to an SNF in 2014. Participants Total of 46,137 older adults admitted to SNFs and 25,357 discharged from SNFs to home. Measurements We used Medicare claims and assessment databases to derive our outcomes (discharge to the community and home time [i.e., days alive in the community]), determine MI/ADRD status, and obtain socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Among SNF admissions, 22.9% had MI, 22.6% had ADRD, and 59.0% were discharged to the community. In analyses adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, MI and ADRD were associated with decreased odds of community discharge and less home time during 90-days of follow-up. However, when we included depressive symptoms, aggressive behaviors, and daily functioning in the analyses, these associations were attenuated. Receipt of post-SNF home health services was associated with increased home time among those with MI or ADRD. Conclusion Newly admitted SNF residents with MI or ADRD were less likely to be discharged and, if discharged, spent less time in the community. Interventions targeting depressive symptoms, aggressive behaviors, and functioning and improving linkage with home health services may help decrease differences in post-acute care trajectories between those with and without MI and ADRD.
Do Prekindergarten benchmarks affect fourth-grade academic outcomes?

Abstract Even with rapid and widespread expansion of state prekindergarten (pre-K) programs and improvements in these programs, there exists no population-level information regarding how a host of pre-K quality components can affect student medium-term (i.e., primary grade) academic outcomes at the state level. I leveraged multiple national datasets to estimate the effects of pre-K quality on seven cohorts of fourth-grade students’ math and English Language Arts (ELA) outcomes, including the National Institute for Early Education and Research (NIEER) for pre-K quality benchmark information between 2001 and present, and the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA) and National Assessment for Education Progress (NAEP) for student fourth-grade outcomes in corresponding years of pre-K. Using differences in quality benchmarks within and between all states to estimate effects on fourth-grade ELA and math with year and state fixed-effects, I found positive effects of increased quality benchmarks on ELA for Hispanic students and math for Asian students. To explore the mechanism with individual benchmarks, I found that Hispanic students improved their ELA and math performance when state pre-K met the screening and referral services requirement. These findings raise attention to how quality benchmarks can be used to improve academic achievement by policymakers tailoring their pre-K programs to different racial groups.
Molecular-level insights into the structure stability of CH4-C2H6 hydrates

Abstract The structure of CH4-C2H6 hydrates changes with gas composition and pressure. This work employs molecular dynamic simulation to explore the stability variation of CH4-C2H6 hydrates in sI and sII structures. The rotational and translational motions of water molecules reveal that the CH4-C2H6 hydrates are more stable in sI structure when the CH4 composition is 20 mol%, whereas sII hydrates are more stabilized with 90 mol% CH4. Cage occupancy greatly influences the motion of gas molecules. The motion of gas molecules is affected by the C2H6 molecules in the neighboring hydrate cages, reflected by the fluctuation amplitude of the rotational and translational curves. The fluctuation frequency in the rotational motion curves of C2H6 molecules is smaller than that of CH4, due to the higher probability of C2H6 getting close to the cage water molecules. The impact of pressure on the structure stability of CH4-C2H6 hydrates varies with gas composition.
Gender and Privacy in Cyberspace

A dozen years ago, I published a book about women's privacy, Uneasy Access: Privacy for Women in a Free Society. I have been invited to revisit critically the central themes of my book in light of the growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web., In the preface to Uneasy Access, I observed that "[t]he felt need of recent generations to demarcate the limits of intervention into the privacy and private lives of women has done more than even the information technology boom to inspire analysis of privacy and the moral right to it."2 My observation no longer holds true. Rather, since 1990, debates over information technology, communications, data protection, and the media have driven many of the most visible and novel efforts to understand privacy.3 These new debates have had little to do with gender.4
Immunoperoxidase Techniques: Light and Electron Microscopy Applications

For the past four years we have utilized immunoperoxidase methods for the localization of a variety of T and B cell antigens in the intestinal and colonic mucosa utilizing both light and electron microscopy techniques (Figures 4-1 through 4-3).1–3 We have followed the methods described by Warnke and Levy4; by Hsu, Raine, and Fanger5; by Cerf-Bensussan, Schneeberger, and Bahn6; and by Kurosaka and Ziff.7 Briefly, Warnke and Levy localized antigens on frozen sections utilizing avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) binding to a biotinylated secondary antibody; Hsu et al. utilized an avidin-biotin HRP complex to localize the biotinylated secondary antibody at light microscopy; and Cerf-Bensussan et al. and Kurosaka and Ziff utilized tissues briefly fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) and then embedded in agar6 or in OCT (Tissue Tek) compound* for electron microscopy localization of T and B cells. We have found that all of these methods are useful, that combinations of some of the methods give improved results in the intestinal mucosa, and that there are a number of problems unique to the gut that must be guarded against when using avidin-biotin techniques. This chapter describes these methods, their modifications, and precautions as they relate to the gut mucosa.
Management of the anterior and posterior lens capsules and vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery.

Purpose To review and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of managing anterior and posterior lens capsules and anterior vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery. Methods We reviewed the literature related to pediatric cataract surgery on PubMed and subclassified the subject into subtopics for managing the anterior lens capsule, posterior lens capsule, and anterior vitreous. Results After a review of the literature, we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches related to surgical managements of the anterior lens capsule, posterior lens capsule, and anterior vitreous in pediatric cataract surgery. We discussed recommendations from the literature and commented on our experiences related to the above subtopics. Conclusion In the surgical management of pediatric cataract, anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis provides the most reliable and tear-resistant capsular opening. Vitrectorhexis and radiofrequency diathermy, on the other hand, are alternative approaches (depending on the surgeon's personal preference). Primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis may delay the onset of posterior capsule opacification. Anterior vitrectomy may be necessary to prevent or eliminate the onset of posterior capsule opacification in young children.
Movement and Dance

Rumba: Dance and Social Change in Contemporary Cuba. Yvonne Daniel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. 196 pp. Human Action Signs in Cultural Context: The Visible and Invisible in Movement and Dance. Brenda Farnell. ed. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1995. 309 pp.
The development of PET/MRI dual modality probe based on IO nanoparticle for pancreatic beta-cell imaging

186 Objectives Although there is a growing unmet need to noninvasively image and quantify the mass of pancreatic beta-cells, beta-cells imaging is very challenging due to their low abundance in the pancreas. Recent advances in this area include the application of various molecular imaging techniques, such as MRI and PET. However, each modality has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this report, we developed a PET/MRI dual modality imaging probe targeting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) for pancreatic beta-cell imaging. Methods The amino functionalized iron oxide (IO) nanoparticle was reacted with DOTA-NHS or AmBaSar for 64Cu labeling. The in vitro stability was tested for 64Cu-DOTA-IO and 64Cu-AmBaSar-IO. AmBaSar-IO-Exendin-4 was constructed by conjugating C-Cys-Exendin-4 with IO through NHS-PEG-MAL. The receptor binding affinity was determined by in vitro cell binding assays with Insulinoma cells (INS-1) and microPET imaging was performed on xenograft INS-1 tumor models. Results We have successfully obtained 64Cu-labeled DOTA-IO, AmBaSar-IO and AmBaSar-IO-Exendin-4 in 65-70% yield at standard labeling condition. In vitro stability study showed that the radiochemical purity of 64Cu-DOTA-IO was only 40% at 1 h after purification compared with 90% for 64Cu-AmBaSar-IO. The cell binding assay demonstrated that AmBaSar-IO-Exendin-4 (IC50 = 12.8 ± 0.6 pmol) had much higher binding affinity than Exendin-4 (IC50 = 520.1 ± 11.2 pmol). The tumor uptake for 64Cu-AmBaSar-IO-Exenidn-4 could be partially blocked by cold Exendin-4. Conclusions In this research, we have developed a PET/MRI dual modality imaging probe targeting GLP-1R. This nanoparticle based probe could be labeled with 64Cu with good yield and demonstrated a high binding affinity to GLP-1R in vitro. The further modification will be needed for islets imaging. Research Support This work was supported by a grant from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
A Review of “Couple-Based Interventions for Military and Veteran Families: A Practitioner's Guide”

In Couple-Based Interventions for Military and Veteran Families: A Practitioner's Guide, Snyder and Monson have compiled a remarkably informing, yet inspiring book about military couples and famili...
Being Transparent about Transparency: A Model for Human-Robot Interaction

The current paper discusses the concept of human-robot interaction through the lens of a model depicting the key elements of robot-to-human and robot-of-human transparency. Robot-to-human factors represent information that the system (which includes the robot but is broader than just the robot) needs to present to users before, during, or after interactions. Robot-of-human variables are factors relating the human (or the interactions with the human; i.e., teamwork) that the system needs to communicate an awareness of to the users. The paper closes with some potentials design implications for the various transparency domains to include: training and the human-robot interface (including social design, feedback, and display design).
Equilibrium centrifugation of proteins in acid solutions. Ovalbumin in aqueous acetic, propionic, and butyric acids.

The use of short-chain aliphatic acids in conjunction with the partial specific volume of the native protein, vp for molecular weight estimations and for the study of macromolecular interactions was further tested: Equilibrium centrifugation of ovalbumin has been carried out in aqueous acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in the absence of any other added electrolyte. Under these experimental conditions there are two potential sources of error associated with the use of vp. These are: (a) preferential interaction with solvent components[Γ = (δm3δm2)μ1,μ3 T, P] and (b) volume changes accompanying the exposure of the protein to acid (δvp). Volume changes associated with the transfer of ovalbumin to acid solutions have been measured. With this information at hand, it was possible to show that δvp and Γ in these solvent systems are both small; therefore, vp can be used instead. This work has also shown that the behavior of ovalbumin is distinct from that of β-lactoglobulin and aldolase. Thus, it appears that each protein has a characteristic behavior in these aqueous organic solvents which is related to some aspect of protein structure. Ovalbumin undergoes a series of reversible and irreversible interactions in these solvent systems which are dependent on both the length of the acid's carbon chain and the concentration of acid. An effort has been made to elucidate these interactions in terms of simple models.
Models of pain: hot-plate and formalin test in rodents.

Experimental models of pain can be separated into three basic categories: acute, persistent, and neuropathic. Acute pain is modeled by the hot-plate test, persistent pain by the formalin test, and neuropathic pain by nerve ligation. The neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that mediate the pain response in each of these models can differ. As a result, different drugs may be effective in attenuating pain for each model. A basic understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pain response can help investigators choose the model that would be most appropriate for testing the analgesic properties of specific compounds or classes of compounds. This unit presents protocols for both an acute model of pain using the hot-plate test, and a persistent model of pain using the formalin test. Each protocol describes the preparation of animals (mice or rats) for the test, administration of a compound being tested for its analgesic properties, and data collection.
Trends in electronic systems

Summary form only given. New forces are reshaping the world economy. The electronic industry is in the midst of a major paradigm shift. High-value added products such as computers are more and more reflecting the dynamics of commodity products. Intense competition in micro-electronics, computers, telecommunications, consumer electronics, requires to rethink the role of industry and its structure to survive. Major trends in product technologies are presented. The world markets are examined briefly and some implications are drawn. The electronic systems of tomorrow will be characterized by mixed hardware-software, mechanical-electrical, analog-digital designs. Major breakthroughs are required to open new paths for the designers of mixed systems. The role of programmable components and of software, the issues of integrated circuit manufacturing and of contract manufacturing are examined.
Exclusive Spin-Dependent Pion Production in Medium-Energy Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions

Application of a unitary, relativistic three-body isobar model to the reaction pp → np π+ at 800 MeV gives a good parameter-free representation of the exclusive spin-averaged cross section and asymmetry.
Preventing Postendoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis

Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is a common and potentially devastating complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Advances in risk-stratification, patient selection, procedure technique, and prophylactic interventions have substantially improved the ability to prevent this complication. This article presents the evidence-based approaches to preventing postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and discusses timely research questions in this important area.