cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decoupled closed-loop power flow control for the controllable network transformers (CNT)

Increases in system loads and in levels of penetration of renewable energy, together with limited investment in transmission infrastructure, are fostering the need for a smarter and more dynamically controllable grid. FACTS devices can be used to dynamically control the grid and more efficiently route power and thus mitigate these stresses, but such devices are either too complicated and expensive for implementation or incapable of independently controlling active and reactive power. A Controllable Network Transformer (CNT), has a fractionally-rated, direct ac/ac converter, and was introduced as a simpler and more cost-effective solution to realize dynamic power control between two areas. The CNT utilizes the Dual Virtual Quadrature Sources (DVQS) technique to change both the line voltage amplitude and phase angle, thus enabling a dynamic power control; however, the control variables defined in this technique have a coupling effect between controlling active and reactive power. To overcome this coupling limitation, a fully decoupled closed-loop controller for a CNT to achieve independent active and reactive power control is derived and tested in this paper.
Comprehensive Assessment in Occupational Social Work: The Development and Validation of the Corporate Behavioral Wellness Inventory:

Objective: The objective is to report on the development and validation of the Corporate Behavioral Wellness Inventory (CBWSI), specifically designed for use by social workers in occupational socia...
Rat intralaminar thalamic nuclei projections to the globus pallidus: A biotinylated dextran amine anterograde tracing study

The topographical organization and ultrastructural features of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) projections to the globus pallidus (GP) were studied using the biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) anterograde tracing method in the rat. To assess the functional association of BDA injection sites in the ITN, the known topographical organization of the ITN-neostriatal (Str) projections and calcium binding protein (CaBP) immunostaining patterns of the Str and GP were used. BDA injection in the lateral part of the lateral parafascicular nucleus and the caudal part of the central lateral nucleus labeled fibers and boutons mainly in the dorsolateral sensorimotor territory of the Str and the middle territories of the GP. BDA injection in the medial part of the lateral parafascicular nucleus and the central lateral nucleus labeled mainly the middle association territory of the Str and the border and the caudomedial territories of the GP. BDA injection in the medial parafascicular nucleus and the central medial nucleus labeled mainly the medial limbic territory of the Str. The medial parafascicular nucleus projected to the medial-most region of the GP, while the central medial nucleus projection to the GP was very sparse. Electron microscopic observations indicated that BDA-labeled boutons form asymmetric synapses mainly on 0.5-2.0 microm diameter dendritic shafts in the GP. The boutons were small but had a relatively long active zone. The present observations together with the known topographical organization of striatopallidal projections indicated that the ITN-GP projections were topographically organized in parallel to the ITN-Str projections. Thus, each part of the ITN projecting to the sensorimotor, the association, and the limbic territories of the Str also projects to the corresponding functional territories of the GP.
Decision Making and Distress Among Individuals Diagnosed with Follicular Lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma that generally responds well to treatment. However, individuals with FL commonly face multiple complex treatment decision-making (TDM) experiences because it frequently follows a relapsing and remitting course. This study explored TDM and distress among individuals with FL (N = 32). Results indicated that most participants reported little decisional conflict or regret and wanted to be actively involved in TDM. However, more than 25% of participants reported clinically-relevant cancer-specific distress, and 60% indicated moderate or higher anxiety symptoms. Research is needed to clarify the cause and course of the psychological distress revealed in this study.
Synthetic Studies on Et-743. Assembly of the Pentacyclic Core and a Formal Total Synthesis

A formal total synthesis of the potent anticancer agent Et-743 is described. The tetrahydroisoquinoline core is stereoselectively constructed using a novel radical cyclization of a glyoxalimine. Further elaboration of this core rapidly accessed the pentacyclic core of Et-743, but a mixture of regiosisomers was obtained in the key Pictet−Spengler ring closure. A known advanced intermediate in the synthesis of Et-743 was intercepted, constituting a formal synthesis of the molecule.
D H R Patio Homes, LLC and Snowy Mountains, LLC: 1 Who Goes There? Friend or Foe?

This is a field-based disguised case which describes a dilemma faced by the protagonists; do they continue to do business with a land developer who has assisted them in the past when now the developer chooses to, against their recommendations, also do business with their ex-business partner? The problem for the characters in question is whether or not to work on a project that will yield them a net profit of $4 million dollars given the fact it would require them to work in the same development as their former business associate. The central characters are afraid that their ex-partner will be a destabilizing factor in the development of the project and that their work sites will be in jeopardy of being vandalized. Several factors complicate this situation including: the developer’s desire for a quick land purchase, the developer’s changing the discount rate from 20% to 10% perhaps based upon difficulties that surrounded the first land deal, the protagonists’ plans to build their own homes in this new development, and the negative relationship between the protagonists and the ex-business partner. The case has a difficulty level appropriate for a sophomore or junior level course. The case is designed to be taught in one class period (may vary from 50–80 min depending upon instructional approach employed, see instructor’s note) and is expected to require between three to five hours of outside preparation by students (again, depending upon instructor’s choice of class preparation method).
Peri-stent vascular channels after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement for Budd–Chiari syndrome: CT and US findings

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement has been used as a bridge to transplantation in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome. Stent occlusion is a fairly common but seldom described complication after TIPS placement for Budd–Chiari syndrome. I present a case of a patient with Budd–Chiari who developed vascular channels paralleling an occluded stent. These channels were demonstrated only by power Doppler ultrasound and resulted in an unusual transient hepatic attenuation difference around the stent on computed tomography.
Impuriton vacancy “molecules” in solid 4 He

The effects of thermally activated vacancies on 3He spin diffusion in solid 4He crystals are analyzed in a way analogous to the “impuriton gas” model of Richards, Pope, and Widom. It is found that the model is inconsistent with experimental diffusion results unless vacancies and 3He impuritons form highly mobile “molecules.” The theory with molecules is found to be in agreement with the diffusion data.
Dust from orbit

The number of large dust particles in the stratosphere increased more than ten times from 1981–84, according to a study reported in the January 20 Journal of Geophysical Research. The likely source for most of the particles, say the authors, is the growing junkyard of space debris in low orbit around Earth. The article contains analyses of particles collected in 1976, 1981, and 1984 on surfaces coated with sticky silicone oil and mounted underneath the wings of National Aeronautics and Space Administration planes flying through the stratosphere at 17–19 km altitude. Only particles one μm in diameter or larger stuck to the collectors. That is smaller than most liquid and solid aerosols, which act as condensation nucleii for clouds and change the radiative energy balance of the troposphere.
FaceSpace: endo- and exo-spatial hypermedia in the transparent video facetop

The Transparent Video Facetop is a novel user interface concept that supports not only single-user interactions with a PC, but also close pair collaborations, such as that found in collaborative Web browsing, in distributed pair programming and in remote medicine. We recently demonstrated the Vis-a-Vid Facetop prototype as a single-user GUI for manipulating the elements of a traditional WIMP desktop [21]. In this paper we introduce FaceSpace, a Facetop-based hypermedia system that combines structure and functionality of both spatial and ubiquitous hypertext. FaceSpace eliminates camera registration errors due to dynamic object tracking and user self-image feedback. FaceSpace had two forms of linking that combine spatial hypermedia with ubiquitous hypermedia: Like an exo-skeleton provides an organism with structure from without, exo-spatial hypertext has the spatial structure applied over the ubiquity of the user's real-world environment. Endo-spatial hypertext has the spatial structure derived from and attached to the elements of the user's domain. Endo-spatial hypertext is an integral concept in systems that have been classified as ubiquitous hypertext; exo-spatial is unique to FaceSpace in current hypertext systems.
Domain Wall Fermion Inverter on Pentium 4

A highly optimized domain wall fermion inverter has been developed as part of the SciDAC lattice initiative. By designing the code to minimize memory bus traffic, it achieves high cache reuse and performance in excess of 2 GFlops for out of L2 cache problem sizes on a GigE cluster with 2.66 GHz Xeon processors. The code uses the SciDAC QMP communication library.
Low temperature motions in, and mechanical properties of, glassy plasticized polymers

Abstract Ambient moduli and yield stresses of single-phase glassy plasticized thermoplastics reflect several characteristics of the diluent (D) and the resin in addition to T g reduction. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy from -150°C to the blend T g shows broad new losses (I) starting at the NEAT D T g , low- T losses (II) from internal motion in the diluent, and retardations (III) of resin secondary relaxations (if any) (i.e., anti-plasticization). NMR shows that micro-Brownian rotation of D molecules causes I. However I dies out with Ds of higher T g (e.g., 0°). II arises from Ds with flexible rings. III occurs in BPA polycarbonate but not in polyphenylene oxide/polystyrene: this blend has little low- T loss, thus eliminating III as a possibility and making changes caused by D addition easier to understand. Finally, excess low- T g D existing as a second phase produces a very sharp loss peak (IV) at the D T g . The I–IV contrast indicates that I arises from dissolved isolated D molecules.
Urethrography interpretation skills of urology and radiology residents at tertiary care medical centers

Objective To assess the ability of urology and radiology residents to interpret retrograde urethrograms (RUGs) and voiding cystourethrograms (VCUGs). Methods A standardized examination of 10 combination RUGs and VCUGs of the male urethra was administered to urology and radiology residents from all levels of training at Washington University, Stanford University, and Northwestern University. Residents were asked to evaluate stricture location(s) and length, if present. Results Sixty residents participated, consisting of 26 from Washington University, 15 from Stanford University, and 19 from Northwestern University. Average years of training for urology and radiology were 3.6 and 2.8 years, respectively ( P = .01). Normal RUGs and VCUGs were recognized by 18 of 31 radiologists (58%) and 19 of 29 urologists (65.5%; P = .5). Anterior strictures were correctly identified in 145 of 403 (36%) and 165 of 377 (43.8%) responses by radiologists and urologists, respectively ( P = .03). Posterior strictures were correctly identified in 20 of 62 (32.3%) and 10 of 58 (17.2%) responses by radiologists and urologists, respectively ( P = .09). When both groups of residents were combined, anterior strictures were identified correctly more often than posterior strictures (39.7% vs 25%; P P = .30). In the presence of multiple strictures, accuracy declined to 7.26% (9 of 124) for the radiology group and 9.48% (11 of 116) for the urology group ( P = .5), with a combined accuracy of 8.33% (20 of 240). Conclusion Radiology and urology residents in the United States have poor skills at interpreting urethrography, especially when multiple strictures or posterior strictures are present. A formal educational program for RUG and VCUG interpretation should be designed and implemented into the radiology and urology resident curriculum.
Calcification of the mandibular molars in rhesus monkeys.

Abstract The calcification of the mandibular molars in eighteen laboratory born rhesus monkeys was investigated by serial, oblique-jaw X-rays. The rhesus monkey was seen to pass through tooth development stages similar to those described for man. Calcification of the mandibular permanent first molar coincides with birth. The outlines of the cusps are complete in the mandibular permanent first molar at 0.183 years, and a cleft appears between the roots at 0.660 years. The mandibular permanent second molar commences to calcify at 0.983 years. There were no discernable sex differences in the onset of tooth formation in the present study. It was suggested that this finding may be the result of the small sample.
Smoothing and buffering for delivery of prerecorded compressed video

The transportation of compressed video data generally requires the network to adapt to large fluctuations in bandwidth requirements if the quality of video is to remain constant. Techniques that use averaging for smoothing video data, such as those found in video conferences, allows for some smoothing at the expense of delay. With video-on-demand systems on the horizon, smoothing techniques for prerecorded video data are necessary for the efficient use of network resources. Simply extending algorithms that smooth via averaging for use in video playback cannot smooth the burstiness in bandwidth requirements without using large amounts of buffering. In this paper, we introduce the notion of critical bandwidth allocation which allows for the most effective use of buffering while allowing for long durations between bandwidth increase requests. A comparison between critical bandwidth allocation algorithms and other smoothing algorithms is presented.
Lesions Brought on by Vomiting: The Effect of Hiatus Hernia on the Site of Injury

From an extensive review of the published cases of lesions of the esophagus and stomach brought about by vomiting and a supplemental review of local experience with the Mallory-Weiss syndrome, the influence of hiatus hernia on the lesion site can now be defined. Mallory-Weiss lesions located in the gastric cardia are commonly associated with hiatus hernia. By contrast, those occurring in the distal esophagus and those that overlie the cardioesophageal junction are only rarely associated with hernia. The Boerhaave lesion occurs most probably in the absence of hiatus hernia and in 2 of 3 previously reported cases wherein a hernia was present, a combined gastroesophageal rupture occurred. A newly recognized postemetic form of gastric rupture is clearly distinguished from other causes of this lesion and its characteristic location is described. A unifying hypothesis is proposed in which the location of lesions occurring during emesis is determined by the presence of a hiatus hernia during retching
A MODIFIED CELL SURFACE MARKER GENE FOR TRANSGENIC ANIMAL STUDIES

We developed a marker gene encoding a human cell surface molecule called CD8 for use in transgenic animal studies. The CD8 cDNA contains three mutations: one in the extracellular domain which prevents interaction with its ligand MHC class I and the other two in the cytoplasmic domain which inhibit its signalling function. The cDNA was linked to a fragment of the human growth hormone gene and in transgenic animal studies, expression was observed in the appropriate cell types using a CD2 enhancer. The advantage of the CD8 marker gene is that it is incapable of signalling via its only known signalling pathway and its expression can be monitored using monoclonal antibodies and microscopy or flow cytometry.
Spatial redundancy reduction of slow scan TV images

This paper deals with the application of a spatial redundancy reduction algorithm to slow scan TV images acoustically transmitted from an untethered submersible. The goal of this research effort is to implement a bandwidth reduction technique which provides suitable data compression, fidelity and channel error tolerance so that meaningful images are received. These images must allow the remote operator to direct the submersible through its tasks of navigation, inspection, maintanence and repair of submerged structures.
Extraction selectivities of lower rim substituted calix[4]arene hosts induced by variations in the upper rim substituents

Abstract The compound 25,26,27,28-tetra-(2-dimethyldithiocarbamoylethoxy)calix[4]arene has been prepared from 25,26,27,28-tetra-(2-bromoethoxy)calix[4]arene by reaction with sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate. As an extractant for heavy metal ions 25,26,27,28-tetra-(2-dimethyldithiocarbamoylethoxy)calix[4]arene is effective for Hg 2+ , Ag + , Pd 2+ and Au 3+ , but much less effective than 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetra-(2- N , N -dimethyldithiocarbamoylethoxy)calix[4]arene for both Hg 2 2+ and MeHg + . Calixarene alcohols also show selectivity as hosts. The alcohol derivative 25,26,27,28-tetra-(2-hydroxyethoxy)calix[4]arene undergoes slow occlusion of iodine into the lower rim, whereas with the alcohol 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetra-(2-hydroxyethoxy)calix[4]arene no interaction is observed.
Synthesis and characterization of the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate/styrene containing an amidine functional group

A copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate/styrene (DMA/St) containing the amidine functionality was synthesized and characterized. The one-step solution copolymerization process was carried out using a mixed solvent, high temperature, and a functional azo initiator, 2,2′-azobis[N,N′-dimethylene isobutyramidine]. Copolymers with different compositions (DMA/St 10/1 to 1/2), molecular weight (Mn 2000–9000), and functionality (1.0–2.0) were prepared and characterized by NMR, FTIR, DSC, and elemental analysis. The molecular weight of the copolymers could be controlled by the amount of the initiators. Copolymer composition depends on the feed molar ratio of comonomers. The amidine functionality of the copolymers was determined by elemental analysis. It was found that 72% of the polymer chain has one functionality. The Tg of the copolymer depends on the feed molar ratio. This copolymer could be used as a potential dispersant for lubricant oil. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1684–1691, 2002
P2-Reactive T Cells in Inflammatory Demyelination of the Peripheral Nerve

Lewis rats immunized with P2 protein, a 14.5-kDa protein of the peripheral nerve myelin, develop experimental allergic neuritis, a paralytic disorder with clinical, histologic, and electrophysiologic features similar to those of human Guillain-Barresyndrome (GBS). T cells reactive to P2 protein or a peptide corresponding to 53-78 residues of the protein can transfer the disease to naive animals. The mechanisms by which these T cells induce demyelination are not well understood; however, they may induce inflammation and demyelination in the nerves by production of Th1 cytokines. Th2 cytokines may lead to suppression of the inflammation and eventual recovery. There is no conclusive evidence that P2 protein plays a role in the pathogenesis of GBS, with or without association with Campylobacter jejuni; however, studies of the immunopathogenesis of P2 protein - induced experimental allergic neuritis are important for understanding the pathogenesis of inflam- matory demyelination in the peripheral nerves, the hallmark of GBS.
Interaction of Water Vapor with the Surfaces of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Nanoparticles and Thin Films

Understanding the interactions of humid air with ionic liquids (ILs) is critical for predicting how their physicochemical properties are affected by water. Using experimental and theoretical techniques, water vapor’s interaction with aerosolized nanoparticles and thin films of [C2MIM][Cl] and [C2MIM][BF4] was studied. Solutions were electrosprayed to produce dry particles. Particles’ hygroscopic growth was quantified using tandem nanodifferential mobility analysis as a function of relative humidity (RH). This is the first report of the interaction of water with aerosolized IL nanoparticles. The particles’ small size allows true IL–water vapor equilibrium achieved quickly. Growth curves for both ILs show steady water uptake with increasing RH. Water vapor uptake by IL thin films was also examined using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Both experimental methods show [C2MIM][Cl] absorbs more water vapor than [C2MIM][BF4] over the entire RH range. Water molar fractions, calculated from growth curves, agreed well with t...
Extending the Ally Model of Social Justice to Social Work Pedagogy

Social work students, regardless of their multiple social identities in oppressed and oppressor groups, are called upon to take action against social injustice. This conceptual article introduces the Ally Model of social justice and its alignment with social work values and goals and recommends it to social work educators as a pedagogical tool to use when teaching about oppression, differentness, and privilege. It presents the literature on the model and its characteristics through the social work lens of awareness/knowledge, attitudes/beliefs/feelings, and actions/skills. It also provides limitations of the model and observations of students’ responses, based on their identities, that may act as barriers when learning about oppression and privilege. Finally, recommendations for the implementation of the model across the curriculum are offered.
Electrical Characteristics of Stacks of YBCO Tapes in Applied Magnetic Field

Stacks of Second Generation (2G) High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) tapes were characterized for critical current density and magnetization losses. Effect of external magnetic field on critical current density is studied as a function of number of tapes in the stack and the configuration of stack arrangement. Results of the measurements on stacks of IBAD and RABiTS showed interesting differences. The results suggest that the arrangement of tapes in fabricating high-current cables needs to consider self-field effects, critical current density in external magnetic field, and magnetization losses to optimize the cable configuration for specific applications.
Faraday Rotator Materials For Laser Systems

Materials exhibiting strong Faraday rotation are of interest for numerous laser and other applications. The characteristics of diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic Faraday rotator materials for use in different spectral regions are described; both crystals and glasses are included. Properties of selected materials and relative figures of merit for various applications are also presented.
An active-RC reconfigurable lowpass-polyphase Tow-Thomas biquad filter

A novel active-RC biquad is presented which can be reconfigured as a polyphase filter for a low IF wireless receiver architecture, and as a lowpass filter for a zero IF wireless receiver architecture. A second order lowpass-polyphase reconfigurable filter is implemented to illustrate the technique. A 1.8 V fully differential operational amplifier in 0.18 /spl mu/ CMOS technology is used as the active element.
An Examination of the “Greening of Christianity” Thesis Among Americans, 1993–2010

Some environmental and religious scholars, religious leaders, and media figures have claimed there has been a “greening of Christianity” in the United States since the mid-1990s. Such a trend would be socially significant, as the integration of Christian values and environmental values may invigorate both domains. Using nationally representative data from the 1993 and 2010 General Social Surveys, we analyze how green self-identified Christians in the U.S. general public are in their pro-environmental attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Using structural equation modeling, we find no clear evidence of a greening of Christianity among rank-and-file Christians in the general public between 1993 and 2010. Indeed, the patterns of our results are quite similar to those from earlier decades, which documented that self-identified Christians reported lower levels of environmental concern than did non-Christians and nonreligious individuals. We did find evidence of some greening among evangelical Protestants, especially relative to mainline Protestants, between 1993 and 2010. We close by suggesting a few fruitful avenues for further research in this area via variable-oriented, case-oriented, and experimental studies and discussing some theoretical implications of our findings.
A Late Cretaceous pole for the Pacific plate: implications for apparent and true polar wander and the drift of hotspots

Abstract We present a Late Cretaceous (81 Ma) pole position for the Pacific plate derived from paleomagnetic analyses of basalt samples from Detroit Seamount (of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamounts) that were oriented using Brunhes-age overprints. This pole is at much higher latitudes than the previously published Late Cretaceous pole positions based on the modeling of magnetic anomalies observed during marine surveys over seamounts. Our new pole suggests that the Pacific plate would have moved rapidly between 95 and 81 Ma at speeds as high as 19.8 (−10.8/+11.2) cm/year. The Pacific plate at this time was smaller than the present-day plate and had a substantial subducting boundary. The high-velocity estimates are comparable with those of other paleoplates having similar characteristics. Therefore, plate tectonic driving forces can explain the motion and there is no need to invoke true polar wander. Decreases in mantle drag associated with vigorous Late Cretaceous volcanism in the Pacific, however, may have contributed to the rapid plate speed. The new pole position, together with other reliable paleomagnetic indicators of Pacific apparent polar wander, further supports the notion of drift of the Hawaiian hotspot during the Late Cretaceous.
Measuring the Horizon: Objectivity, Subjectivity and the Dignity of Human Personal Identity

It is argued in what follows that “culture warfare” is symptomatic of an imminent threat to the continued sustainability of human culture as a whole. The nature of this threat can be characterized as trauma induced paralysis of the human cultural imagination, without which cooperative adaptation to potential credible dangers of self-induced species or even planetary life extinction is impossible. The structure of this paradoxical “possible impossibility” as the destiny of humanity is examined here within the context of an interpretive framework which is broadly characterized as “cultural genetics”. On the basis of a schematic and preliminary outline of that framework, a suggestion is made regarding the direction in which hope of avoiding that destiny might be sought.
Application of activation analysis to the earth sciences

Le domaine de l'analyse par activation et ses applications aux sciences de la terre sont passes en revue. On classe ces applications en fonction de la technique d'approche employee; parmi celles-ci: l'activation aux neutrons thermiques suivie de separations radio chimiques pour separer les radioisotopes, l'activation neutronique combinee avec la spectrometrie gamma dans le cas de l'analyse multi-elements, et d'autres methodes d'activation. On compare l'exactitude des valeurs de l'analyse par activation dans le cas d'elements choisis dans W-1, on compare aussi l'analyse par activation avec d'autres methodes d'analyse de traces dans le cas d'un echantillon lunaire.
RAPID CHANGE OF CHROMOMERIC AND PAIRING PATTERNS OF POLYTENE CHROMOSOME TIPS IN D. MELANOGASTER: MIGRATION OF POLYTENE-NONPOLYTENE TRANSITION ZONE?

The high variability of chromomeric patterns in near-terminal regions of polytene chromosome arms has been explored in a number of races, strains and hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster. Traditional explanations for tip differences between strains (differential compaction of chromatin, somatic or germinal deletion) are examined and, in the light of the reported observations, rejected. The range of polytene tip variability and rates of change in wild races are greater than has been supposed: strains formerly considered to be terminally deleted appear to gain terminal bands; others, formerly considered normal, appear to have lost them. Strains with high cell-to-cell tip variability are also described. Cell-to-cell variations, as well as much of the observed rapid changes in tip appearance, are probably due to heritable differences in the location of an abrupt transition zone between polytene and nonpolytene chromatin. A quantitative relationship between the amount of certain subterminal bands present and the frequency of tip association of nonhomologous chromosomes is shown and its possible significance for chromosome pairing discussed.
Guaranteed passive coupled-microstrip interconnect modeling using finite element method

As multichip modules (MCMs), monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) and printed circuit board (PCBs) can be found at various levels of the design hierarchy of high-speed electronics, it is essential to model them from the perspective of signal integrity. A new method has been developed to extract systematically a Foster equivalent lumped circuit for symmetrical coupled lossy lines from a two-dimensional FEM simulation. This method guarantees passivity of the resulting equivalent circuits for even and odd modes of the coupled lines. The results obtained from this method are verified by comparison with Ansoft's Spicelink.
Redundancy-complexity tradeoff of multiresolution coding for successively refinable sources

In this paper, we investigate the rate-distortion performance of multiresolution encoding algorithms for successively refinable sources, including block codes and trellis codes. Our random coding arguments not only support the results of simulation-based experiments, such as tree structured vector quantization (TSVQ) and multistage trellis coded quantization (MSTCQ), but also provides some information theoretic considerations to understand the efficiency of such existing algorithms. In fact, the redundancy analysis that we developed is a practical generalization of the Shannon source coding theorem to the more concrete cases.
Similar Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human TH1 and TH2 Clones

Studies on the development and function of CD4+ TH1 and TH2 cells during the progression to AIDS may increase the understanding of AIDS pathogenesis. The preferential replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in either TH1 or TH2 cells could alter the delicate balance of the immune response. TH1 (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] positive, interleukin-4 [IL-4] and IL-5 negative) and TH2 (IFN-γ negative, IL-4 and IL-5 positive) clones, developed from several healthy donors, pedigreed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay have similar levels of cell surface expression of CD4 and several chemokine receptor cofactors necessary for viral entry. After activation by specific antigens and infection with T-cell-tropic strains of HIV type 1 (HIV-1), TH1 and TH2 clones showed similar levels of viral entry and reverse transcription. At days 3 through 14 postinfection, HIV replicated to similar levels in several TH1 and TH2 clones as measured by release of HIV p24 and total number of copies of gag RNA/total cell RNA as measured by RT-PCR. When values were normalized for viable cell number in three clones of each type, there was up to twofold more HIV RNA in TH1 than TH2 cells. In addition, several primary monocytotropic HIV-1 strains were able to replicate to similar levels in TH1 and TH2 cells. These studies suggest that the importance of TH1 and TH2 subsets in AIDS pathogenesis transcends clonal differences in their ability to support HIV replication.
ARE STARS WITH PLANETS ANOMALOUS

ABSTRA C T The chemical-dynamical properties of stars with giant planets are compared to those of a nearby star sample within the framework of a stellar orbital diffusion model. The stars-withplanets sample includes recently discovered extrasolar planets and the Sun. We find that the planet-bearing stars, 14 Her, r 1 Cnc and t Boo, are much more metal-rich than stars of similar age and this cannot be easily explained by orbital diffusion. We also confirm previous claims that the motion of the Sun relative to the local standard of rest is very small compared to other G dwarfs of similar age, and we offer a possible explanation for this apparent anomaly.
Long-term follow-up after liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease under tacrolimus.

Background. Liver transplantation (LTx) for alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is an accepted modality of treatment and is one of the most common indications for LTx in the United States. The present report examines the long-term patient survival, graft survival, rates of recidivism, and development of de novo cancers in this group, and compares these results with a contemporaneous group of patients who were transplanted for non-ALD indications. Methods. Between August 1989 and December 1992, 185 adults received LTx for ALD (group I). During the same time interval, 649 adults received LTx for non-ALD (group II). The mean follow-up time was 94±10.7 months for group I vs. 92±11 months for group II. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and the incidence of cancers using Surveillance Epidemiologic End Result data were compared in both groups. Results. At 5 years after orthotopic LTx, the overall patient survival and graft survival for group I were 72.0% and 66.5% vs. 66.5% and 60.3% for group II, respectively. After 5 years, the patient survival and graft survival for the alcoholic group were significantly lower (P =0.001) compared to the non-alcoholic group. The rate of de novo oropharyngeal cancer and lung cancer was 25.5 times and 3.7 times higher, respectively, in ALD group compared with the general population matched for age, sex, and length of follow-up (P =0.001), whereas this was not higher in the non-ALD group. Prior pretransplant length of sobriety and alcohol rehabilitation was not associated with the rate of post-LTx rate of recidivism, which was 20%. Out of 79 deaths in group I, only 1 was attributed to recidivism and 3 to noncompliance with recidivism. The other deaths occurred from de novo cancer (n=13), posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (n=5), age-related complications (n=23), and other infection or miscellaneous causes (n=34). Conclusions. Patient and graft survival past 5 years after orthotopic LTx is significantly lower for ALD for a variety of reasons (P =0.001). The rate of upper airway malignances was significantly higher in ALD patients than for non-ALD post-LTx patients and the general public. Graft loss/death related to recidivism or chronic rejection was extremely low. More attention is needed for early diagnosis of de novo cancer and prevention of cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular complications.
CR1 and CR1‐like: the primate immune adherence receptors

Immune adherence describes the phenomenon in which complement-opsonized substrates, such as immune complexes (IC), viruses, or bacteria, are bound by primate erythrocytes via erythrocyte complement receptors. In vivo studies have shown that this binding allows the erythrocyte to act as an inert shuttle, targeting IC to the monocyte phagocytic system and away from vulnerable tissue. Thus, immune adherence appears to play an integral role in the primate in promoting the safe clearance of circulating IC and preventing IC-mediated pathologies. The complement receptors that mediate immune adherence comprise two unique but closely related gene products, either the type one complement receptor (CRI) in humans or CRI-like in non-human primates. This review focuses on the structure, function, and physiological role of the primate immune adherence receptors.
Ventricular Pacing Induced Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Appropriately timed noncompetitive ventricular pacing potentially may initiate ventricular tachycardia in patients prone to these arrhythmias. The combination of bradycardia pacing and stored electrograms in a currently available cardioverter defibrillator provides an opportunity to evaluate the occurrence of such pacing induced ventricular tachycardia. During a surveillance period of 18.7 +/- 11.4 months, stored electrograms documented 302 episodes of ventricular tachycardia in 77 patients. Five patients (6.5%) demonstrated 25 episodes (1-16 per patient) of ventricular tachycardia that were immediately preceded by an appropriately paced ventricular beat (8.3% of all episodes of ventricular tachycardia). All five patients had prior myocardial infarctions and a history of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia occurring both spontaneously and in response to programmed electrical stimulation. Antitachycardia pacing terminated pacing induced ventricular tachycardia in 22 episodes; in one episode antitachycardia pacing accelerated ventricular tachycardia. In two cases shock therapy was aborted for nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that, in selected nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that, in selected postinfarction patients with recurrent sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, appropriately timed ventricular pacing may induce ventricular tachycardia.
The presence of RNase II in high salt washed E. coli ribosomes: effect on circular dichroism of ribosomal complexes

Traces of the exonuclease RNAse II are retained by E. coli ribosomes purified by conventional high salt washing. The residual activity can give rise to serious artifacts, especially in physical studies.
Thermodynamic properties of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether)

The thermodynamic properties of crystalline and amorphous poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPO11 polymer, General Electric Co.) have been studied calorimetrically between 80 and 570°K. The calculated configurational entropy of this polymer, of similar magnitude to other glass-forming liquids, is consistent with the combination of an unusually high ratio of Tg/Tm, and a low melting entropy.
Automatic assembly sequences generation by pattern matching

The problem of generating all the feasible assembly sequences of a set of n parts to construct a mechanical object is formulated as a state-constrained travelling salesman problem. In generating all the assembly sequences presented, the precedence-logic relations among parts to assemble an object are transformed into a pattern-matching problem. The concept of the pattern-matching algorithm is to match liaisons or parts with one of the answers to obtain the currently last assembly operation. Equivalency between the proposed knowledge acquisition and general AND/OR precedence nominal precedence forms is also discussed. The algorithms presented are able to reduce the number of questions asked in generating the assembly sequences. >
Transinhibition kinetics of the sulfate transport system ofPenicillium notatum: Analysis based on an iso Uni Uni velocity equation

Inorganic, intracellular sulfate, selenate, and molybdate strongly transinhibit the activity of the sulfate transport system in a mutant ofPenicillium notatum lacking ATP sulfurylase. All three Group VI anions are substrates of the sulfate transport system. No effect was observed on the activity of the choline-O-sulfate transport system. Choline-O-sulfate transport was transinhibited only by intracellular choline-O-sulfate. The results confirm the earlier conclusions of Bradfieldet al. (Plant Physiol.46:720, 1970) and Bellengeret al. (J. Bacteriol.96:1574, 1968) that transinhibition results from the action of the unchanged, internal substrate, and not a metabolite. The sulfate transport system is quite sensitive toL-cysteine.L-cysteine may be a feedback inhibitor of the sulfate transport system, or, alternately, some component of the sulfate transport system may be chemically (and nonspecifically) inactivated by reducing agents. Internal unlabeled sulfate, selenate, and molybdate acted as mixed-type inhibitors with respect to35SO42− transport, in agreement with the simple Iso Uni Uni model. The kinetic constants for sulfate are:Kms=1.25×10−5M,Vmax=2.5 μmoles×g−1×min−1,Kmp=2.5×10−3m,Kiip=5×10−3m. The apparent equilibrium ration of internal-to-external sulfate was about 104 at low initial substrate concentrations. External unlabeled 10−2m sulfate promotes exchange at a rate of 0.15 μmoles×g−1×min−1. DNP (10−4m) and anaerobiosis promote a small efflux. DNP inhibits the exchange reaction.
Job Approval and Favorability: The Impact of Media Attention to the Monica Lewinsky Scandal on Public Opinion of President Bill Clinton

Drawing on priming and agenda-setting theories, this study explored the influence of news coverage of the Monica Lewinsky scandal on public opinion of President Bill Clinton. Unlike previous research in this area, this study examined such relations longitudinally using various time lags and probed multiple dimensions of public opinion, particularly job approval and perceived favorability. Findings suggested that media coverage was correlated with changes in public opinion of the president. Specifically, a positive relation was observed between media coverage and perceived favorability, and a negative relation was observed between media coverage and job approval. As predicted, the relation was stronger with favorability than job approval. When examined in a multivariate context, media influence on perceived favorability was shown to be robust even when controlling for external factors (time and economic indicators), but was not robust with respect to job approval.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is regulated by ERK phosphorylation at Ser602

eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) contains a MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-binding site associated with a major eNOS control element. Purified ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) phosphorylates eNOS with a stoichiometry of 2–3 phosphates per eNOS monomer. Phosphorylation decreases NO synthesis and cytochrome c reductase activity. Three sites of phosphorylation were detected by MS. All sites matched the SP and TP MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation motif. Ser602 lies at the N-terminal edge of the 42-residue eNOS AI (autoinhibitory) element. The pentabasic MAPK-binding site lies at the opposite end of the AI, and other critical regulatory features are between them. Thr46 and Ser58 are located in a flexible region associated with the N terminus of the oxygenase domain. In contrast with PKC (protein kinase C), phosphorylation by ERK did not significantly interfere with CaM (calmodulin) binding as analysed by optical biosensing. Instead, ERK phosphorylation favours a state in which FMN and FAD are in close association and prevents conformational changes that expose reduced FMN to acceptors. The close associations between control sites in a few regions of the molecule suggest that control of signal generation is modulated by multiple inputs interacting directly on the surface of eNOS via overlapping binding domains and tightly grouped targets.
Bayesian Statistical Methods in the Analysis of DEER Data

Double Electron-Electron Resonance (DEER), also known as Pulsed Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR), is an increasingly important pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) technique for long distance (20-80 A) measurements in biomacromolecules. Notably, DEER reports a distribution of distances, P(r), corresponding to protein conformational ensembles in frozen glassy solutions. Due to the ill-conditioned, inverse nature of DEER data analysis, numerical regularization is required to obtain P(r). Further, a robust method for quantifying uncertainty in DEER distance distributions does not currently exist, complicating interpretation. Here, we compare methods of regularization parameter selection and demonstrate Bayesian statistical methods to quantify uncertainty in DEER distance distributions arising from measurement noise. We generate corresponding Bayesian credible intervals for visualization and interpretation.
Investigation of Health Status in Workers Exposed to Arsine

[Objective] To investigate the health status of workers exposed to arsine and its prevention measures.[Methods]The arsine concentration in workplace air of 2 smelteries in Liuzhou was tested, the health examination was conducted among 130 workers exposed to arsine, and the results were compared with the results of the control group which included 179 workers out of touch with arsine.[Results]The arsine concentration in workplace exceeded the national occupational standard by 18.7%. The urinary arsenic level, hepatic and renal functions, results of blood routine examination in the exposure group were abnormal, the detection rate of clinical symptoms in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group significantly (P0.05), and the abnormal rate of blood routine examination results and the detection rate of clinical symptoms among female workers was higher than that among male workers. There was no significant difference in the urinary arsenic level among workers in different age and length of service groups (P0.05).[Conclusion]Arsine have done more harm to the health of workers, so the control of arsine concentration in the air of workplaces should be paid more attention, the protective measures should be strengthened, and the working environment should be improved.
The phase transitions between Zn × Zn bosonic topological phases in 1 + 1D, and a constraint on the central charge for the critical points between bosonic symmetry protected topological phases

Abstract The study of continuous phase transitions triggered by spontaneous symmetry breaking has brought revolutionary ideas to physics. Recently, through the discovery of symmetry protected topological phases, it is realized that continuous quantum phase transition can also occur between states with the same symmetry but different topology. Here we study a specific class of such phase transitions in 1 + 1 dimensions – the phase transition between bosonic topological phases protected by Z n × Z n . We find in all cases the critical point possesses two gap opening relevant operators: one leads to a Landau-forbidden symmetry breaking phase transition and the other to the topological phase transition. We also obtained a constraint on the central charge for general phase transitions between symmetry protected bosonic topological phases in 1 + 1 D .
How oil income and missing hydrocarbon rents data influence autocratic survival: A response to Lucas and Richter (2016)

This paper re-examines the findings from a recently published study on hydrocarbon rents and autocratic survival by Lucas and Richter (LR hereafter). LR introduce a new data set on hydrocarbon rent...