cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 127: The Association Between Health Literacy And 90-day Re-hospitalization or Death: A Cohort Study of Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure

Background: More than 20% of patients hospitalized for heart failure are readmitted. Low health literacy, or the ability to read, understand, and use healthcare information to make decisions is associated with the reduced ability to participate in self-management. Objective: Examine the relationship between health literacy and a composite outcome of re-hospitalization or death within 90 days after index heart failure admission. Re-hospitalization or death were separate secondary outcomes. Methods: Patients discharged from a single referral institution between November 2010 and June 2013 with a primary diagnosis of heart failure and complete information on the nurse administered health literacy were included. The first eligible admission was included. At hospitalization, nurses administered the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). The BHLS (range 3-15) consists of three self-report questions and higher scores indicate higher health literacy. Low health literacy was defined as BHLS ≤9. Date of death was obtained from the Social Security Death Index and health record. Re-admissions within 90 days of discharge were tracked using standardized methods. Cox proportional hazards evaluated the association between low health literacy and the composite outcome adjusting for age, gender, race, and insurance. Results: For 1708 patients discharged for heart failure, mean age was 64.3 years (standard deviation, 15.1 years), 42.5% were female, 20.6% were African American, and 50.7% were covered only by Medicare Part A. Low health literacy was found in 18.6%. There were 601 (35.7%) composite events (129 deaths and 586 readmissions) within 90 days (35.4%, adequate health literacy vs. 35.1%, low health literacy). Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the composite outcome was 0.99 (95% CI 0.96, 1.01) per point increase in BHLS; adjusted HR for death within 90 days was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89, 0.99, p=0.02) per point increase in BHLS. Kaplan Meier failure plot for the composite outcome is below. Conclusions: In this single center cohort study of hospitalized heart failure patients, readmission within 90 days was common. Health literacy was not associated with the composite outcome of re-hospitalization or death within 90 days. However, higher health literacy was associated with lower risk of death within 90 days. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
The Ambiguity of Games: Histories and Discourses of a Gameful World

This chapter analyses the current discourses surrounding gamification and the ludification of culture as rhetorics in Kenneth Burke’s (1950) sense: different worldviews and moral politics, manifest in different languages. It uses Victor Turner's distinction of liminal and liminoid to articulate how current views of the gameful world are steeped in specific, modernist conceptions of games and play. It foregrounds the contingency of the gameful world by delineating its historical precursors and enablers. Third, the chapter compares and contrasts the various contemporary rhetorics of the gameful world. In closing, it asks what those rhetorics tell us about our contemporary life, and what they elide, and how the rise of the gameful world may change play and games themselves.
Duplication of the inferior vena cava in a patient presenting for IVC filter placement

Given the complex embryogenesis of the inferior vena cava (IVC), anatomic variations are commonly encountered. Duplication of the IVC occurs in up to 2.8% of the population. Though asymptomatic, a duplicated IVC has important clinical implications when attempting caval filtration. We present the case of a 45- year-old male with factor V leiden and protein C deficiency, who required cessation of warfarin anticoagulation in preparation for cervical laminectomy. The patient had a duplicated IVC and required placement of a caval filter in each IVC.
The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in inpatient settings

Background: The test-negative design (TND) to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness is based on patients seeking care for acute respiratory infection, with those who test positive for influenza as cases and the test-negatives serving as controls. This design has not been validated for the inpatient setting where selection bias might be different from an outpatient setting. Methods: We derived mathematical expressions for vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations and used numerical simulations to verify theoretical results exploring expected biases under various scenarios. We explored meaningful interpretations of VE estimates from inpatient TND studies. Results: VE estimates from inpatient TND studies capture the vaccine-mediated protection of the source population against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations. If vaccination does not modify disease severity, these estimates are equivalent to VE against influenza virus infection. If chronic cardiopulmonary individuals are enrolled because of non-infectious exacerbation, biased VE estimates (too high) will result. If chronic cardiopulmonary disease status is adjusted for accurately, the VE estimates will be unbiased. If chronic cardiopulmonary illness cannot be adequately be characterized, excluding these individuals may provide unbiased VE estimates. Conclusions: The inpatient TND offers logistic advantages and can provide valid estimates of influenza VE. If highly vaccinated patients with respiratory exacerbation of chronic cardiopulmonary conditions are eligible for study inclusion, biased VE estimates will result unless this group is well characterized and the analysis can adequately adjust for it. Otherwise, such groups of subjects should be excluded from the analysis.
"Low-Fat" Pseudoangiomatous Spindle Cell Lipoma: A Rare Variant With Loss of 13q14 Region

Spindle cell and pleomorphic lipoma constitute a spectrum of lipomatous lesions with characteristic clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. Multiple variants have been previously described including vascular, fibrous, plexiform, and those with significantly less fat termed "low-fat" and "fat-free" by Folpe. Cytogenetically, spindle cell lipomas frequently display monoallelic loss of 13q14 region, an abnormality also found in cellular angiofibroma and mammary-type myofibroblastoma. Pseudoangiomatous spindle cell lipoma, originally described by Fletcher et al in 1994, is a rare variant within the spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma spectrum, with less than 20 published cases. It consists of an admixture of spindle cells, "ropey" collagen, variable amounts of mature fat, and irregular, branching slit-like vascular spaces. The authors present a case of a 1-cm subcutaneous lesion excised from the neck of a 70-year-old man with classic histologic and immunohistochemical features of "low-fat" pseudoangiomatous spindle cell lipoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated a loss of 13q14 region, a characteristic presumed cytogenetic finding of spindle cell lipoma, which has been previously unconfirmed in this variant.
Effects of diabetes mellitus in patients presenting with diverticulitis: clinical correlations and disease characteristics in more than 1,000 patients.

BACKGROUND: The epidemic increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide represents a potential source of surgical morbidity. The impact of DM on the need for surgical management and its effect on surgical outcomes for colonic diverticulitis have not been well defined. METHODS: We investigated all DM versus non-DM patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute diverticulitis between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2011, to a large urban safety net hospital. An administrative database search for patients with diverticulitis was divided into two groups: those with and without DM. They were retrospectively analyzed for severity of diverticulitis (Hinchey and Ambrosetti scores), mortality, length of hospital stay, need for operation, postoperative complications, and readmission rates. RESULTS: There were 1,019 admissions with acute diverticulitis, 164 (16.1%) of which had DM. DM versus non-DM patients presented with a higher Hinchey score of 3 or 4 (12.2% vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001), a more severe computed tomographic Ambrosetti score (43.9% vs. 31.7%, p < 0.001), older age, and significantly more comorbid conditions. There was no significant difference in the failure of nonoperative management (2.2% DM vs. 2.5% non-DM, p = 1.000), readmission, or death rates. Operated DM patients had a higher incidence of in-hospital infectious complications (28.7% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of acute renal failure (5.5% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although diabetic patients with colonic diverticulitis present at a more advanced level (as measured by Hinchey and Ambrosetti scores), the nonoperative success rate is similar to non-DM patients. Surgical management in DM patients is associated with a higher incidence of infectious complications and acute kidney injury. However, DM did not appear to increase operative mortality in surgically managed patients. These data suggest that greater attention should be placed on steps to reduce the negative impact of DM on both immune response and renal function in patients requiring surgery of colonic diverticulitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Epidemiologic study, level III.
Amyloid-β plaques disrupt axon initial segments.

Abstract Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are one of the central pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plaque formation in animal models of AD coincides with the appearance of synaptic abnormalities, aberrant neuronal excitability, and cognitive decline. Aβ plaques may disrupt neuronal excitability since they have been proposed to be synaptotoxic, to induce axonal varicosities and neurite breakage, and to significantly decrease spine density. Axon initial segments (AIS) also regulate neuronal excitability and help maintain neuronal polarity. Despite these essential functions, the effects of plaques on AIS structure have not been fully determined. Using a mouse AD model, we measured a significant decrease in the density of AIS up to 75 μm away from the center of fibrillar, thioflavin-labeled plaques. The reduction was observed in animals with both moderate and severe plaque loads, and was associated with increased densities of microglia near the plaques. Furthermore, animals with severe plaque loads had significantly reduced AIS lengths adjacent to Aβ plaques. These results suggest the local environment surrounding Aβ plaques may be harmful to the AIS. We propose that AIS loss is a previously unappreciated consequence of AD that could significantly impact brain function. Significance statement This paper demonstrates that neurons near Aβ plaques have disrupted axon initial segments. Loss or disruption of AIS is predicted to have detrimental consequences for brain function.
Introduction: Gender Equality Policy in the European Union

In the early 1990s, Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) underwent a major transition, leaving behind the communist regime and setting out on a path towards democracy. In addition to the process of democratization, Central and Eastern European countries have also dealt with the pressure and desire to become members of the European Union (EU). While the EU started out as mainly an economic institution, its effect and scope of influence have become increasingly important for European political life. The EU set specific conditions for the new candidate countries to join at the Copenhagen European Council in 1993, the first one requiring the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities (Grabbe 2003). These particular conditions, established specifically for the Central and Eastern European candidate countries, introduce the idea that the EU, at least discursively, would only extend membership to countries that have a high quality of democracy. Additionally, human rights, including women’s rights, would also be guaranteed if countries were to join the EU. Both of these components indicate that once a country becomes an EU member, we must assume that it has consolidated democratic institutions and evolved to guarantee women’s rights in general.
Recognizing The Moundbuilders as a Great Native-American Civilization

The Moundbuilders are a culture of mystery, little recognized by most Americans, yet they created farms, villages, towns, and cities covering as much as a third of the United States. Social studies teachers have yet to mine the resources left us over thousands of years by the native artisans and builders who preceded the nations European explorers came into contact with after 1492. Several of the Moundbuilder cities grew to sizeable proportions and one in particular, Cahokia, Illinois, not far from East St. Louis became a kind of center for the many peoples inhabiting the surrounding tributaries of the Mississippi river. Some argue that Cahokia was the center of an empire or confederation of native peoples.
Operative needs in HIV+ populations: An estimation for sub-Saharan Africa

Background In 2015, it was estimated that approximately 36.7 million people were living with HIV globally and approximately 25.5 million of those people were living in sub-Saharan Africa. Limitations in the availability and access to adequate operative care require policy and planning to enhance operative capacity. Methods Data estimating the total number of persons living with HIV by country, sex, and age group were obtained from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2015. Using minimum proposed surgical rates per 100,000 for 4, defined, sub-Saharan regions of Africa, country-specific and regional estimates were calculated. The total need and unmet need for operative procedures were estimated. Results A minimum of 1,539,138 operative procedures were needed in 2015 for the 25.5 million persons living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, there was an unmet need of 908,513 operative cases in sub-Saharan Africa with the greatest unmet need in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (427,820) and western sub-Saharan Africa (325,026). Approximately 55.6% of the total need for operative cases is adult women, 38.4% are adult men, and 6.0% are among children under the age of 15. Conclusion A minimum of 1.5 million operative procedures annually are required to meet the needs of persons living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The unmet need for operative care is greatest in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa and will require investments in personnel, infrastructure, facilities, supplies, and equipment. We highlight the need for global planning and investment in resources to meet targets of operative capacity.
Analgesia neuraxial em uma parturiente com síndrome de Vacterl em trabalho de parto normal

Resumo Introducao O termo Vacterl e um acronimo para uma associacao de malformacoes congenitas que inclui anomalias vertebral, anal, cardiaca, traqueal, esofagica, renal e dos membros (Limbs em ingles). As anomalias Vacterl representam um enorme desafio para os anestesiologistas. Descrevemos o manejo anestesico de uma parturiente com sindrome de Vacterl submetida a analgesia neuraxial para parto normal. Relato de caso Paciente primipara, 23 anos, 39 semanas de gestacao, apresentava em trabalho de parto 4 cm de dilatacao cervical, apagamento completo, exigiu analgesia de parto. A historia medica incluia sindrome de Vacterl com ânus imperfurado e defeito parcial do coxim endocardico, ambos corrigidos na primeira infância. A paciente tambem apresentava escoliose dorso‐lombar acentuada com uma vertebra lombar adicional. Uma RM feita aos 14 anos revelou os achados mencionados acima sem anormalidades na medula espinhal. Com um exame neurologico normal, a tecnica anestesica combinada raquiperidural (CRP) foi usada. Apesar de escoliose significativa, o espaco peridural foi identificado proximo ao interespaco L3‐L4 a uma profundidade de 5 cm. Fentanyl (25 mcg) foi administrado por via espinhal, seguido de analgesia peridural continua controlada pela paciente. A paciente sentiu grande alivio da dor durante todo o trabalho de parto; o parto vaginal ocorreu 5 horas apos a anestesia CRP sem intercorrencias. Discussao A raridade da sindrome de Vacterl na populacao obstetrica com suas extensas anomalias exige uma abordagem multidisciplinar no pre‐natal porque pode representar grandes desafios para todos os prestadores de cuidados de saude, inclusive problemas respiratorios, de ventilacao, cardiacos e do neuroeixo. Este e o primeiro caso relatado de uma tecnica neuraxial bem‐sucedida e segura em uma paciente em trabalho de parto com sindrome de Vacterl, embora com anomalias limitadas da coluna vertebral e medula espinhal.
Dynamic Radio Cooperation for User-Centric Cloud-RAN With Computing Resource Sharing

A novel dynamic radio-cooperation strategy is proposed for a Cloud Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) consisting of multiple Remote Radio Heads connected to a central Virtual Base Station (VBS) pool. In particular, the key capabilities of Cloud-RAN in computing-resource sharing and real-time communication among the VBSs are leveraged to design a joint dynamic radio clustering and cooperative beamforming scheme that maximizes the downlink Weighted Sum-Rate System Utility (WSRSU). Due to the combinatorial nature of the radio clustering process and to the non-convexity of the cooperative beamforming design, the underlying optimization problem is NP-hard, and is extremely difficult to solve for a large network. The proposed approach aims for a suboptimal solution by transforming the original problem into a Mixed-Integer Second-Order Cone Program (MI-SOCP) and applying Sequential Convex Approximation (SCA) to derive a novel iterative algorithm. Numerical simulation results show that our low-complexity algorithm provides near-optimal performance in terms of WSRSU while significantly outperforming conventional radio clustering and beamforming schemes. Additionally, the results also demonstrate the significant improvement in computing-resource utilization of Cloud-RAN over a traditional RAN with distributed computing resources.
Effects of phosphorus depletion on left ventricular energy generation.

Recent studies have shown that phosphorus depletion has an adverse effect on skeletal muscle function and composition. Specifically, a symptom complex characterized by muscle stiffness, weakness and severe pain has been described in patients taking aluminum hydroxide containing antacids (1,2). These complaints were especially notable when serum phosphorus concentrations approached or fell below 1 mg/100 ml and improved rapidly with correction of the hypophosphotemia. In addition, phosphorus depletion in experimental animals is characterized by a low resting transmembrane electrical potential difference as well as changes in skeletal muscle composition consistent with a “sick” cell (3).
Psychosocial Characteristics and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Female Exotic Dancers Who Have Sex with Women in Baltimore: A Brief Report

The aim of this study was to compare psychosocial characteristics and sexual risk behaviors that may increase sexually transmitted infection risk among women who have sex with women compared to wom...
Detailed tracking of program control flow using analog side-channel signals: a promise for IoT malware detection and a threat for many cryptographic implementations

Side-channel signals have long been used in cryptanalysis, and recently they have also been utilized as a way to monitor program execution without involving the monitored system in its own monitoring. Both of these use-cases for side-channel analysis have seen steady improvement, allowing ever-smaller deviations in program behavior to be monitored (to track program behavior and/or identify anomalies) or exploited (to steal sensitive information). However, there is still very little intuition about where the limits for this are, e.g. whether a single-instruction or a single-bit difference can realistically be recovered from the signal. In this paper, we use a popular open-source cryptographic software package as a test subject to demonstrate that, with enough training data, enough signal bandwidth, and enough signal-to-noise ratio, the decision of branch instructions that cause even single-instruction-differences in program execution can be recovered from the electromagnetic (EM) emanations of an IoT/embedded system. We additionally show that, in cryptographic implementations where branch decisions contain information about the secret key, nearly all such information can be extracted from the signal that corresponds to only a single cryptographic operation (e.g. encryption). Finally, we analyze how the received signal bandwidth, the amount of training, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affect the accuracy of side-channel-based reconstruction of individual branch decisions that occur during program execution.
Harmonic Oscillator in External Fields: Applications to Trapped Bosons and Fermions

Properties of harmonic oscillator in external fields are studied. The formalism developed is applied to a harmonic oscillator in a nonhomogeneous gravitational field. Partition functions and thermodynamic potentials for trapped Bose and Fermi gases are found. Thermodynamics of trapped Bosons and Fermions in external fields is discussed.
Departure of the Expert Systems Project Champion

This article discusses the expert system (ES) project champion by examining the experiences of Ciba-Geigy Corporation with an ES project, impeded by the departure of the project champion. The OpBright Expert System, developed to support the identification of appropriate optical brightener products by sales representatives, was intended to provide a competitive advantage through superior customer service. With the promotion and transfer of the vital force committed to the project’s success, the ES encountered a stalemate. The difficulties in maintaining momentum for the ES without a project champion are discussed. Finally, suggestions are presented to guide organizations away from the same fate.
Scaling the Retina, Micro and Macro

The scaling of retinal cell morphology following experimental manipulation and of retinal cell numbers across a wide range of species is reviewed. Morphological changes in retinal ganglion, amacrine and bipolar cells following manipulations to change retinal area or convergence are reviewed to demonstrate cell scaling at the single cell level. The results of these studies are compared to a cross species analysis of changes in cell size and number to demonstrate cell scaling at the level of ensembles of neurons. The convergence of these two levels of scaling is discussed in light of current knowledge of normal retinal development.
Syntheses and in vitro biological evaluation of S1PR1 ligands and PET studies of four F-18 labeled radiotracers in the brain of nonhuman primates.

A series of seventeen hydroxyl-containing sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) ligands were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro binding potencies were determined using [32P]S1P competitive binding assays. Compounds 10a, 17a, 17b, and 24 exhibited high S1PR1 binding potencies with IC50 values ranging from 3.9 to 15.4 nM and also displayed high selectivity for S1PR1 over other S1P receptor subtypes (IC50 > 1000 nM for S1PR2–5). The most potent compounds 10a, 17a, 17b, and 24 were subsequently radiolabeled with F-18 in high yields and purities. MicroPET studies in cynomolgus macaque showed that [18F]10a, [18F]17a, and [18F]17b but not [18F]24 crossed the blood brain barrier and had high initial brain uptake. Further validation of [18F]10a, [18F]17a, and [18F]17b in preclinical models of neuroinflammation is warranted to identify a suitable PET radioligand to quantify S1PR1 expression in vivo as a metric of an inflammatory response.
A Six-Gene-Based Prognostic Model Predicts Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Head and neck cancer is a malignant tumor that begins in the head and neck region, and has the sixth highest incidence worldwide. Previous studies have indicated several prognostic markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but due to poor accuracy and sensitivity of these clinical characteristic markers attention has been gradually switched to molecular biomarkers. This study aimed to sort out the mRNAs correlated with patient survival time to establish an mRNA combination prognostic biomarker model for HNSCC patient risk stratification, providing optimal therapeutic regimens and improving patient prognosis. Clinical data and transcriptome sequencing data of HNSCC were retrieved from TCGA database and were allocated into training and validation datasets. The prognostic model was established using the mRNAs, which were sorted out from training dataset by a significant correlation with survival time. Eventually, the prediction property of the model was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An optimal prognostic model by the combination of six mRNAs was established. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed effective risk stratification by this model for patients in the two datasets. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was > 0.65 for training and validation datasets, indicating good sensitivity and specificity of this model. Moreover, prominent superiority of this model to investigate prognostic biomarkers was demonstrated. Our model provided effective prognostication in terms of death risk stratification and evaluation in HNSCC patients. Combination of this prognostic model with current treatment measures is expected to greatly improve the patients’ prognosis.
Estimating Benefits of Automated Commercial Vehicle Enforcement

Automated enforcement of commercial vehicle regulations is one potential method through which states can generate revenue and improve safety compliance by more efficiently directing the attention o...
Truncal blocks and teenager postoperative pain perception after laparoscopic surgical procedures.

Introduction The prevalence of moderate to severe pain is high in hospitalized teenage patients admitted to surgical services. Objectives The aims of this study were to determine (1) the preoperative and postoperative factors influencing teenager postoperative pain perception; and (2) suffering, defined as the patient's anxiety, pain catastrophizing thoughts, and mood. Methods Data were collected from medical records and from 2 medical interviews at the time of enrollment and postoperative day 1. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to assess variables that predicted teenagers' pain scores and suffering. Results Two hundred two patients (mean age = 13.8 years, SD = 1.9), 56.4% females, scheduled for laparoscopic surgical procedures completed the study. The variables found to be significant predictors of pain response in teenagers were pain on the day of surgery (6.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08-13.55, P = 0.05) and use of regional anesthesia (single-injection rectus sheath, transversus abdominis plane, and paravertebral nerve blocks) (-6.58, 95% CI = -12.87 to -0.30, P = 0.04). The use of regional anesthesia was found to predict mood responses (all patients: 2.60, 95% CI = 0.68-4.52, P = 0.01; girls: 3.45, 95% CI = 0.96-5.93, P = 0.01; 14-17-year-old teens: 2.77, 95% CI = 0.44-5.10, P = 0.02) and to negatively predict catastrophic thoughts among all patients as a group (-4.35, 95% CI = -7.51 to -1.19, P = 0.01) and among 14- to 17-year-old teens (-5.17, 95% CI = -9.44 to -0.90, P = 0.02). Conclusion A comprehensive pain approach that includes truncal blocks may improve teenagers' postoperative pain control after laparoscopic surgeries.
Story/Telling with Data as Distributed Activity

Based on a workplace ethnography of an organization referred to as the “Metro Data Cooperative,” this article unpacks the multiple approaches to “storytelling with data” held by research subjects. ...
The association of acute rejection vs recurrent glomerular disease with graft outcomes after kidney transplantation.

Background It has been shown that glomerulonephritis (GN) recurrence affects graft survival more than acute rejection. Thus, we assessed allograft survival after biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of acute rejection or recurrent GN in current era of immunosuppression. Methods Allograft survival following a biopsy diagnosis of acute rejection or recurrent GN was determined in adult kidney transplant recipients from 1994 to 2013. A total of 306 patients (35%) with IgA, 298 (35%) with FSGS, 177 (21%) with lupus nephritis, and 81 (9%) with membranous nephropathy were followed for a median of 6.3 years. Results Among the 862 transplant recipients with primary GN, allograft loss was similar following a biopsy diagnosis of acute rejection or recurrent glomerular disease (11.5 vs 14.2/100 person-years, P = .15). Differences in allograft survival emerged after 2.5 years following recurrent disease, with significantly higher graft failure in patients with FSGS, MN, or LN compared with IgA after recurrence of disease (16.7 vs 7.5/100 person-years, P = .05). The advantage in allograft survival for IgA patients did not achieve significance after acute rejection (P = .10 for IgA vs FSGS, MN, and LN). Conclusions Allograft survival was similar after disease recurrence or acute rejection after kidney transplant in patients with ESRD due to GN.
Comparing Diagnostic Performance of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Full-Field Digital Mammography.

Abstract Objective Compare diagnostic performance of screening full-field digital mammography (FFDM), a hybrid FFDM and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) environment, and DBT only. Materials and Methods This institutional review board–approved, retrospective study consisted of all patients undergoing screening mammography at an urban academic medical center and outpatient imaging facility between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2017. We used the electronic health record data warehouse to extract report data and patient demographics. A validated natural language processing algorithm extracted BI-RADS score from each report. An institutional cancer registry identified cancer diagnoses. Primary outcomes of recall rate, cancer detection rate (CDR), and positive predictive value 1 (PPV1) were calculated for three periods: FFDM-only environment, hybrid environment, and DBT-only environment. A χ2 test was used to compare recall rate, CDR, and PPV1. Results A total of 179,028 screening mammograms comprised the study cohort: 41,818 (23.3%) during the FFDM-only period, 83,125 (46.4%) during the hybrid period, and 54,084 (30.2%) during the DBT-only period. Recall rates were 10.4% (4,279 of 41,280) for the FFDM-only period, 10.6% (8,761 of 82,917) for the hybrid period, and 10.8% (5,850 of 54,020) for the DBT-only period (P = .96). CDR (cancers per 1,000 examinations) was 2.6 per 1,000, 4.9 per 1,000, and 6.0 per 1,000 for FFDM only, hybrid, and DBT only, respectively (P Conclusion Recall rates were not significantly different within the three periods in the breast imaging practice. However, PPV1 and CDR were significantly higher with DBT only.
Deceptively unhealthy foods targeting parents and children

This review introduces the construct of deceptively unhealthy foods and identifies the ways that these unhealthy foods are marketed to parents and children. Deceptively unhealthy foods are foods that are high in sugar or high in fat while low in nutrient content, but which are marketed as being healthy. They are commonly marketed using these tactics (1) specific nutrient labels, (2) deceptive terms, (3) general health reputation, and (4) package design. This paper reviews the small but growing literature on this topic, highlights four tactics used to deceive health-conscious parents, and provides suggestions for how changes in marketing may help reduce the consumption of such foods.
Chapter 2 – The Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system consists of the paired ovaries and oviducts, the uterus, the vagina, the external genitalia, and the mammary glands. All of these structures have evolved for the primary functions of ovulation, fertilization of an ovum by a sperm, support of the developing embryo and fetus, and the birth and care of a newborn. The components of this system are integrated structurally and physiologically to these ends.
Impact of a Formal Educational Skill‐Building Program Based on the ARCC Model to Enhance Evidence‐Based Practice Competency in Nurse Teams

Background Implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) is necessary for healthcare systems to improve quality, safety, patient outcomes, and costs. Yet, EBP competency is lacking in many nurses and clinicians across the country. Aim The purpose of this initiative was to determine whether nursing teams (Executive Leader, Clinical/Mid-level Leader, and Direct Care Nurse) attending a 5-day EBP continuing education skill-building program (immersion) was an effective strategy to build EBP competence, practice, and culture sustainability over time. The Advancing Research and Clinical Practice Through Close Collaboration Model was used to guide this initiative. Methods A project team was assembled, including leaders with EBP expertise from the Air Force Medical Service and The Helene Fuld Health Trust National Institute for EBP in Nursing and Healthcare at The Ohio State University. Five survey instruments were used to evaluate outcomes, including Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice, Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs, Evidence-Based Practice Implementation, and Evidence-Based Practice Competencies, as well as the Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire test. Nursing teams were invited to participate and complete the program with the implementation of EBP projects over the following year. Results Participants' EBP knowledge, skills, competencies, and beliefs were significantly improved and sustained over 12 months. Linking evidence to action A team-based EBP skill-building program was an effective strategy for building EBP competence, practice, and culture. This initiative demonstrated that the direct involvement of leadership and infrastructure to support EBP were crucial factors for building and sustaining an EBP culture.
The Linguistics of the Voynich Manuscript

The Voynich Manuscript is a fifteenth-century illustrated cipher manuscript. In this overview of recent approaches to the Voynich Manuscript, we summarize and evaluate current work on the language ...
Extreme heat vulnerability in Phoenix, Arizona: A comparison of all-hazard and hazard-specific indices with household experiences

Abstract Practitioners and researchers use vulnerability indices to understand the conditions that influence hazard risk. However, there has been little research on how well such indices depict household-scale vulnerability to specific hazards. We examined relationships between an all-hazard index and a hazard-specific index with household-level adaptive resources, adaptive behaviors, proximate sensitivities, and self-reported health outcomes related to extreme heat. Household measures were drawn from a stratified random sample survey conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, USA (n = 163). The results point to different experiences between households in more and less heat vulnerable areas. The largest differences between households stratified by the hazard-specific index (Heat Vulnerability Index) primarily involved adaptive resources and behaviors, whereas indicators of proximate sensitivity were more strongly differentiated by the all-hazard index (Social Vulnerability Index). Differences in health outcomes between more and less vulnerable neighborhoods were more evident using HVI than SoVI, although effect sizes using either index were small and confidence intervals were wide. The relationship between vulnerability indices and several survey measures varied across four study sites. The specific ways in which more and less vulnerable communities differ from one another varies based on the adaptation, sensitivity, or outcome measure of interest, location within the city, and choice of vulnerability index.
Chapter 1 Point processes

Publisher Summary A point process is a model for describing the random numbers of occurrences of a certain event in time intervals or of the numbers of points in regions of a space. This chapter describes the structure of point processes and discusses their basic properties. The major families of point processes are (1) Poisson, compound Poisson, and Cox processes, (2) infinitely divisible and independent increment point processes, (3) renewal processes and processes defined by interval properties, (4) stationary point processes, (5) sample processes and cluster processes, (5) point processes related to martingale theory and stochastic calculus. Marked point processes are vehicles for modeling compound point processes where points occur in batches and for modeling random parameters or operations associated with the points of a process. An important class of marks are such that a mark for a point is a random variable (or element) possibly depending on the location of the point, but is independent of everything else. The focus of the chapter is on presenting tools for modeling stochastic systems rather than on applications of the tools.
Microworlds Я Us

The findings from studies on childhood obesity intervention suggest that the approach described in the above quotation would be a very wise investment. Several recent studies have found, for example, that young children respond better than adults do to obesity prevention and treatment interventions.249,250 Particularly interesting was the finding that when children were treated together with their parents, “the children were successful in reducing and maintaining their weight loss, whilst over time the adults returned to their pre-study body weight.”251
A Specific Component of the Evoked Potential Mirrors Phasic Dopamine Neuron Activity during Conditioning

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are thought to be a critical node in the circuitry that mediates reward learning. DA neurons receive diverse inputs from regions distributed throughout the neuraxis from frontal neocortex to the mesencephalon. While a great deal is known about changes in the activity of individual DA neurons during learning, much less is known about the functional changes in the microcircuits in which DA neurons are embedded. Here we used local field potentials recorded from the midbrain of behaving mice to show that the midbrain evoked potential (mEP) faithfully reflects the temporal and spatial structure of the phasic response of midbrain neuron populations during conditioning. By comparing the mEP to simultaneously recorded single units, we identified specific components of the mEP that corresponded to phasic DA and non-DA responses to salient stimuli. The DA component of the mEP emerged with the acquisition of a conditioned stimulus, was extinguished following changes in reinforcement contingency, and could be inhibited by pharmacological manipulations that attenuate the phasic responses of DA neurons. In contrast to single-unit recordings, the mEP permitted relatively dense sampling of the midbrain circuit during conditioning and thus could be used to reveal the spatiotemporal structure of multiple intermingled midbrain circuits. Finally, the mEP response was stable for months and thus provides a new approach to study long-term changes in the organization of ventral midbrain microcircuits during learning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons that synthesize and release the neurotransmitter dopamine play a critical role in voluntary reward-seeking behavior. Much of our insight into the function of dopamine neurons comes from recordings of individual cells in behaving animals; however, it is notoriously difficult to record from dopamine neurons due to their sparsity and depth, as well as the presence of intermingled non-dopaminergic neurons. Here we show that much of the information that can be learned from recordings of individual dopamine and non-dopamine neurons is also revealed by changes in specific components of the local field potential. This technique provides an accessible measurement that could prove critical to our burgeoning understanding of the molecular, functional, and anatomical diversity of neuron populations in the midbrain.
Fast algorithms for the real discrete Fourier transform

Fast algorithms for the computation of the real discrete Fourier transform (RDFT) are discussed. Implementations based on the RDFT are always efficient, whereas the implementations based on the DFT are efficient only when signals to be processed are complex. The fast real Fourier transform (FRFT) algorithms discussed are the radix-2 decimation-in-time (DIT), the radix-4 DIT, the split-radix DIT, the split-radix DIF, the prime factor, and the Winograd FRFT algorithm. >
Mid‐21st century chemical forcing of climate by the civil aviation sector

[1] Strong growth in the civil aviation sector will accelerate in the future. Here, we confront the future net chemical (ozone, methane, sulfate, nitrate, black carbon, and water vapor) global climate impact of aviation at 2050 for three novel plausible scenarios constructed at the Volpe National Transportation Center using the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT). The aviation net chemical climate impact is cooling in all cases and increases from −10 ± 4 mW m−2 in the contemporary climate up to –69 ± 21 mW m−2 by 2050. Future improvements in fuel efficiency provide the opportunity to reduce aviation's net chemical climate impact by ~50% relative to a baseline scenario of unconstrained growth. On the 20 year time horizon, the cooling net aviation chemical climate impact masks the aviation CO2 global warming by up to 50–100% in the contemporary and future atmospheres.
The use of sulfathiazole in the treatment of subacute and chronic osteomyelitis : Frank D. Dickson MD (1882-1964), Rex L. Diveley MD, Richard Kiene MD. The 4th president of the AAOS 1935 (FDD).

Frank Drake Dickson was born in 1882, in Pittsburgh, PA. His paternal grandfather had opened the first soft coal mine in the western part of Pennsylvania and was one of the builders of the Pennsylvania Railroad [4]. He obtained an undergraduate degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1902, and his MD degree in 1905. He then studied abroad for a year and a half, and subsequently took an internship in Philadelphia. He became a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania in 1912. In 1916, Dr. Dickson was offered a position at the new Christian Church Hospital in Kansas City. He stated, “My intention was to spend about two years in Kansas City, then return to Philadelphia” [4]. He was, however, a captain in the military reserve and when the United States entered WW I, he resigned his position at the hospital and his professorship at the University of Kansas Medical School, and went to England with the unit that Dr. Joel Goldthwait (Boston) had organized. He was transferred to France in late 1917. After the war he decided to return to Kansas City to resume his work at the University of Kansas and the Christian Church Hospital where he met Dr. Rex Diveley (who became the 15th President of the AAOS). The two later (1927) established the Dickson-Diveley Clinic and the following year moved their practice to the new St. Luke’s Hospital. He continued limited practice and served as a consultant at the Clinic up until the time of his death.
2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06 Aluminum Spaceframe Design and Engineering Technology

The General Motors (GM) Corvette design team was challenged with providing a C6 Z06 vehicle spaceframe that maintained the structural performance of its C5 predecessor while reducing mass by at least 56 kg. An additional requirement inherent to the project was that the design must be integrated into the C6 assembly processes with minimal disruption, i.e. seamless integration. In response to this challenge, a collaborative team was formed, consisting of design engineers from General Motors, Alcoa and Dana Corporation. The result of this collaborative effort is an aluminum Z06 spaceframe that satisfies the high performance expectations of the vehicle while reducing the mass by approximately 62 kg. The frame consists of aluminum extrusions, castings and sheets joined by MIG welding, laser welding and self-piercing rivets. The extrusions are 6XXX series alloys, the castings are permanent mold A356 while the sheet panels are formed from the 5XXX series of alloys. Of particular note are the hydroformed aluminum rails, designed to match the steel rails of the base C6 vehicle. Extensive FEA verification, combined with Alcoa's aluminum material processing knowledge, was utilized during the design phase of the program to place mass where it would best serve the structural needs of the vehicle. Performance, mass and cost were balanced to provide an optimized aluminum Z06 spaceframe design that enables the seamless integration of the Z06 into the C6 assembly processes at Corvette Assembly Plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky.
Japanese government bond auctions: The U.S. experience

There has been constant friction between the U.S. and Japan on economic issues. After lengthy negotiations and threats of reprisal, Japan agreed to sell its Government Bonds through auctions that were open to foreign competition. This paper examines the U.S. experience in the Japanese Government Bond (JGB) auctions. It also empirically tests the predictions of auction theory with JGB auction data. While the winning share of U.S. firms in 10-year JGB auction market went through ups and downs, their share in the 20-year market has increased steadily. We find that the winning shares by the U.S. firms are positively related to auction profits, whereas the Japanese "Big Four" winning shares show negative association. We offer some possible explanations for this phenomenon. Furthermore, the average profits to winning bids in JGB auctions is not reliably different from zero, and the degree of competition and the level of uncertainty are found to be insignificant in determining auction profits.
Partnership COD Income and Other Debt Issues

The law of cancellation of indebtedness has changed recently in ways good and bad. Homeowners facing foreclosure have been provided tax relief, as have corporations and others unable to pay their business loans. Creditors of partnerships, however, have learned that their bad-debt deduction must be deferred if their loan is converted into an equity interest. This Article places the changes to partnerships and their creditors in context by providing an overview of the general rules applicable to cancellation of debt transactions and focusing on the application of those rules to partnerships, as well as on how the recent changes affect partnerships and their creditors. Even for partnerships able to pay their debts, leveraged transactions create special problems, and these are discussed in parts III-V. Part III looks at the effect of entity-level borrowing on partnership allocations and shows that in many circumstances, the acquisition of debt will not increase the amount of loss that can be allocated to any particular partner. Part IV briefly looks at the at-risk and passive loss limitations as they affect leveraged partnerships. Part V examines the rules applicable to the disposition of an interest in a leveraged partnership and concludes that regarding a partial disposition, the law is different than it first appears. This paper has been revised to reflect the temporary regulations promulgated on August 13, 2010, under section 108(i).
A Review of Paternity Testing by Blood Grouping

Paternity Testing By Blood Grouping by Dr. Leon N. Sussman is revised and updated from the original 1968 edition entitled Blood Grouping—Medicolegal Uses. It covers succinctly and ably the development and current status of the field of immunohematology. The A-B-O, M-N-S-s, Rh-Hr, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, and Lutheran blood group systems as well as polymorphic serum proteins and erythrocyte isoenzymes receive critical attention from the standpoint of their medicolegal applications in disputed paternity cases.