cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In memoriam: Jack L. Titus, M.D., Ph.D., 1926–2011.

Jack L. Titus, M.D., Ph.D., passed away in North Oaks, MN, after a long illness on June 15, 2011, at the age of 84 (Fig. 1). I will miss Jack as a friend and as a highly respected colleague and collaborator, who had a long and distinguished career. He was for me the ideal mentor at an extremely pivotal stage of my career, and we continued to be close, sharing many professional and other interests as my career continued to develop. He trained and collaborated with numerous other cardiovascular pathologists, many of whom themselves have made important contributions to the field. I and the many others he touched have lost an important leader in academic medicine and pathology, nationally and internationally, and a giant in the world of cardiovascular pathology. Born in South Bend, IN, Dec. 7, 1926, Dr. Titus entered the University of Notre Dame at the age of 16, then was called to serve as a sergeant in Germany during WWII. In 1948, he graduated cum laude from Notre Dame, receiving a Bachelor of Science in 1948. He matriculated at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis receiving his M.D. degree in 1952. Following internship at the Wayne County Hospital in Detroit, MI, and subsequently general medical practice in Rensselaer, IN, from 1953 to 1957, he decided to pursue a career in anatomic and clinical pathology. He was accepted as a resident in the Mayo Foundation and Graduate School at the University of Minnesota, serving from 1957 to 1961, and he became board certified in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology. Dr. Titus earned a Ph.D., degree in pathology from the University of Minnesota, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine in 1962 (under the mentorship of Jesse E.
Current-induced spin flip scattering at interfaces in noncollinear magnetic multilayers

We show that when one drives a charge current across noncollinear magnetic layers the two-electron Coulomb scattering creates a spin-flip potential at interfaces. This scattering is found when the interface potential is updated due to the spin accumulation attendant to charge flow, and it contributes to a linear response to the current. With this scattering there is an injection of transverse spin distributions in a layer that propagate and that in the steady state lead to spin currents transverse to the magnetization.
Treatment options in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

The perspective “Chronic myelogenous leukemia: current treatment options”[1][1] provides a succinct, direct, and evenhanded approach to a complex topic, for which I congratulate the authors. I have a lone concern with the final aspect of the review, the dependence on age to determine the
Electrical properties of amorphous aluminum oxide thin films

Abstract Silicon oxide (SiO2) gate length, gate thickness, junction depth, and source/drain extension scaling have allowed metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) gate dimensions to approach the current ⩽100 nm range. High dielectric constant materials for gate insulation and low resistivity junctions must be developed in order to enable further scaling of these devices. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), with a bandgap of 9.9 eV, is an especially promising material for use as a gate insulator; however, conventional Al2O3 processing techniques suffer from excessive thermal requirements. We have grown α-Al2O3 thin films directly on silicon (1 0 0) at room temperature using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy, capacitance–voltage measurements, and current–voltage measurements were used to determine the nanoscale features and electrical properties of amorphous Al2O3 thin films. Our results suggest that amorphous Al2O3 films prepared using pulsed laser deposition may serve as high dielectric constant materials for next generation electronic devices.
Chronic beryllium disease: immune-mediated destruction with implications for organ-specific autoimmunity

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is caused by exposure to beryllium in the workplace and is characterized by an accumulation of beryllium-specific CD4+ T cells with granulomatous inflammation in the lung. Owing to its unique physical properties, beryllium is used in a variety of high-technology industries, and CBD continues to be an important public health concern. CBD develops in up to 16% of exposed workers, depending on genetic susceptibility and the nature of the exposure. Increased susceptibility has been associated with particular HLA-DP alleles, especially those possessing negatively charged residues at certain positions of the peptide-binding pocket. The mechanism for this disease association lies in the ability of certain HLA-DP molecules, with associated peptides, to bind and present beryllium to pathogenic CD4+ T cells. In patients with CBD, large numbers of effector memory CD4+ T cells are compartmentalized to the lung, and these cells are poised to release T helper 1-type cytokines upon beryllium recognition. In the same patients, however, beryllium-specific T cells are barely detectable in the circulation. As opposed to those present in blood, beryllium-specific cells in the lung no longer require the engagement of CD28 for optimal T-cell activation and in fact frequently lose the expression of CD28. These findings in CBD have important implications for studies in autoimmune diseases, including those in which the antigen is unknown and the target organ is inaccessible.
Order analogues and Betti polynomials

Abstract We exhibit an order-preserving surjection from the lattice of subgroups of a finite abelian p -group of type λ onto the product of chains of lengths the parts of the partition λ . Thereby, we establish the subgroup lattice as an order-theoretic, not just enumerative, p -analogue of the chain product. This insight underlies our study of the simplicial complexes Δ S ( p ), whose simplices are chains of subgroups of orders p k , some k ∈ S . Each of these subgroup complexes is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres of dimension | S |−1. The number of spheres in the wedge, β S ( p ), is known to have nonnegative coefficients as a polynomial in p . Our main result provides a topological explanation of this enumerative result. We use our order-preserving surjection to find β S ( p maximal simplices in Δ S ( p whose deletion leaves a contractible subcomplex. This work suggests a definition of order analogue; our main result holds for any semimodular lattices that are order analogues of a semimodular lattice.
Female Gait Patterns in Shoes with Different Heel Heights

The gait patterns of twelve women were compared during walking in flat shoes and in shoes with high heels. In addition, four anthropometric measurements were recorded. Results showed that the wearing of high heels caused a significant decrease in step length and stride length, whereas there was a minimum change in the stride width and foot angle
Ecological benefits of myrmecochory for the endangered chaparral shrub Fremontodendron decumbens (Sterculiaceae).

Fremontodendron decumbensgrows in a single county in central California, USA. Prior research showed that its elaiosome-bearing seeds are dispersed by the harvester ant Messor andrei. I tested several hypotheses regarding the positive role of ant-mediated dispersal to F. decumbens: (1) Does ant-mediated seed dispersal facilitate seed escape from rodent predation?; (2) Does ant processing of seeds stimulate germination?; (3) Are ant middens more suitable microsites for seed or seedling survival in unburned chaparral areas?; and (4) Do survival benefits of dispersal occur post-fire in the form of differences in seedling survival probabilities and, if so, why? Results of tests of each hypothesis were: (1) similar percentages of seeds placed on ant middens and under F. decumbens shrub canopies were destroyed by rodents, but seeds from which elaiosomes had been removed were more likely to escape rodent predation; (2) seeds processed by ants did not germinate more readily than seeds removed directly from shrub branches; (3) seedling predation was a major cause of mortality in unburned chaparral on both ant middens and under shrubs, and overall seedling survival did not differ between the two microsites; (4) post-burn seedling survival was significantly greater for seedlings dispersed away from F. decumbens shrub canopies, because dispersed seedlings were both less likely to be killed by predators and more likely to be growing in a gap created by the fire-caused death of an established shrub. I concluded that the major ecological benefit toF. decumbens of ant-mediated seed dispersal was elevated post-fire seedling survival resulting from enhanced escape by dispersed seedlings from both predation and competition.
Community Competence in Religious Congregations

Iscoe (1974)proposed a conception of the "competent community" to evaluate the potential to prevent social problems in geographical communities. This paper operationalizes an Iscoe-like conception of "congregation community competence" (CCC) and assesses its utility for studying religious congregations. The paper presents a 27-item CCC Scale. Survey data, collected from 405 church attenders from 12 congregations (2 of each of 6 denominations) indicated that the 12 congregations couM be divided into 4 groups with differing degrees of correspondence to the CCC concept. Among 4 groups, higher scores on the CCC Scale were significantly and positively related to achievement of several general congregational goals promoting maintenance of the congregation. This study is correlational and principles drawn from data have not been tested in an intervention. These data, however, suggest that principles embodied in the CCC concept might be studied as potential tools useful for improving congregational participation and effectiveness. Religious organizations have only infrequently been of interest to community psychologists in the 20-year history of the discipline (Shinn, 1987). Today, such groups are beginning to be recognized by some community psychologists as well as other social scientists as significant communities warranting serious study; religious communities can provide persons with essential individual and public meaning and motivation (Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swindler, & Tipton, 1985; Maton & Pargament, 1987; Pargament, Silverman, Johnson, Echemendia, & Snyder, 1983). Clearly, the early scholarly literature in the area of community psychology was implicitly if not explicitly action-oriented. The article based upon
S121: Tissue Expansion in Maxillofacial Reconstruction

Ueno T, Mizukawa N, Sugahara T: Experimental study of bone formation from autogenous periosteal graft following insulin-like growth factor I administration. J CranioMaxillofac Surg 27:308-311 1999 Ueno T, Kagawa T, Kanou M, Sugahara T: Cellular Origin of Endochondral Ossification From Grafted Periosteum. Anat Rec 264;348-357, 2001 Ueno T, Kagawa T, Kanou M, Sugahara T: The histological and radiographical evaliation of beta-tricalciumphosphate for dental implants requiring bone augmentation. XVIII Journal of CranioMaxillofac Surg. Proceeding. Congress of the European Association for CranioMaxillofacial Surgery. Barcelona, International Proceedings. 117-120, 2006
Pyramid traps for monitoring Musca vitripennis (Diptera: Muscidae).

Pyramid traps covered with white sticky paper were efficient in catching adult Musca vitripennis on Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. The traps were 60 cm at the base by 53 cm high and were most effective when placed on the ground. Although M. vitripennis is not presently found in the U.S., it has been intercepted on aircraft landing in the U.S. and could become established. These traps would provide a sensitive, continuous monitoring system to detect the presence of these flies should they be introduced.
Effects of juvenile hormone I and the anti-juvenile hormone fluoromevalono-lactone on development and juvenile hormone esterase activity in post-feeding last-stadium larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)

Abstract Treatment of post-feeding (early day 3; wandering phase) last-stadium larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni , with the anti-juvenile hormone, fluoromevalonolactone, prevented the normal ecdysis to the pupa. It caused the formation of larval-pupal intermediates, a dose-dependent delay in the time of tanning, and a decrease in juvenile hormone esterase activity at the time of the prepupal juvenile hormone esterase peak. Fluoromevalonolactone was inactive as juvenile hormone esterase inhibitor in vitro . Conversely, juvenile hormone I accelerated the time of tanning, induced the early appearance of juvenile hormone esterase activity, and prevented adult eclosion. Although most of the larvae that were treated with fluoromevalonolactone immediately after the prepupal burst of juvenile hormone (late on day 3; post-spinning phase) still became larval-pupal intermediates, the time of tanning and juvenile hormone esterase activity were close to normal. Topical treatment of day-3 larvae with radiolabelled juvenile hormone I resulted in the rapid appearance and decline of radiolabelled juvenile hormone I in the haemolymph which was associated with the increased production of juvenile hormone I acid and the induced appearance of juvenile hormone esterase activity. Thus, in post-feeding last-stadium larvae of T. ni , juvenile hormone seems to be necessary for the proper formation of the pupa. Juvenile hormone is also involved in determining the time of pupation, and it appears to induce its own degradation.
Cessation of reproduction: an analytic view of menopause.

Abstract While there is evidence for genetic control of ovarian and follicular development, only recently have reports appeared on genetic components involved in ovarian failure. Unlike predictions of a stable population, age at menarche is decreasing, while female life span is increasing. This leads to examination of genotype–environment interactions. Evolution of the large human brain size has been accompanied by a reduction in size of the gastrointestinal tract. Consequences, in terms of altered diet and effects on menarche/menstruation/menopause were discussed. In the earliest days of human evolution, genotoxic agents and marginal diets could have produced heritable changes in cessation of menstruation. Toxic alterations may still be apparent, such as epidemiological studies on the effects of smoking on age at menopause. Attempts to reconstruct some of the recent past history, from coprolites to findings in frozen human specimens, have to be extended still further into the past.
Is there a healthy foreign born effect for childhood obesity in the United States

Objective of the study was to explore factors associated with early childhood obesity and assess whether having a foreign born mother is protective against childhood obesity. Data sources include 9 months and 4 years parent interviews and direct assessments of possessive children’s weight and height (4 years) or length (9 months) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. Subjects were children with anthropometric measures who lived with their mothers (n = 9,700 at 9 months and 8,200 at 4 years). Overweight is defined as a weight-for-length ratio at or above the 95th percentile at 9 months; obesity is defined as a body mass index at or above the 95th percentile at 4 years. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 15.4% at 9 months and 18.0% at 4 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, having a foreign-born mother was not associated with the odds of overweight at 9 months or 4 years. At 9 months and 4 years, low birth weight, pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy were protective of overweight. In addition to these factors, at 4 years, excessive weight gain in the first 9 months was the strongest predictors for obesity. Living in a safe neighborhood and ever having breastfed were protective against obesity. Having a foreign born mother is not protective of early childhood obesity. A focus on health of women prior to conception and on women’s and infants’ health in the perinatal period are key to addressing childhood obesity.
More than just perception-action recalibration: walking through a virtual environment causes rescaling of perceived space.

Egocentric distances in virtual environments are commonly underperceived by up to 50 % of the intended distance. However, a brief period of interaction in which participants walk through the virtual environment while receiving visual feedback can dramatically improve distance judgments. Two experiments were designed to explore whether the increase in postinteraction distance judgments is due to perception–action recalibration or the rescaling of perceived space. Perception–action recalibration as a result of walking interaction should only affect action-specific distance judgments, whereas rescaling of perceived space should affect all distance judgments based on the rescaled percept. Participants made blind-walking distance judgments and verbal size judgments in response to objects in a virtual environment before and after interacting with the environment through either walking (Experiment 1) or reaching (Experiment 2). Size judgments were used to infer perceived distance under the assumption of size–distance invariance, and these served as an implicit measure of perceived distance. Preinteraction walking and size-based distance judgments indicated an underperception of egocentric distance, whereas postinteraction walking and size-based distance judgments both increased as a result of the walking interaction, indicating that walking through the virtual environment with continuous visual feedback caused rescaling of the perceived space. However, interaction with the virtual environment through reaching had no effect on either type of distance judgment, indicating that physical translation through the virtual environment may be necessary for a rescaling of perceived space. Furthermore, the size-based distance and walking distance judgments were highly correlated, even across changes in perceived distance, providing support for the size–distance invariance hypothesis.
The Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma: a Hepatologist’s Perspective

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare but lethal adenocarcinoma with cholangiocyte differentiation that arises within the biliary tree at variable locations. Curative options are available in the form of surgical resection and/or liver transplantation (LT) in early stage CCA; however, these are offered to a small fraction of patients as they are usually asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a well-known risk factor of CCA, and cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and metabolic syndrome are recently identified as risk factors of CCA. This emerging evidence places hepatologists in a vital position to diagnose, prognosticate, and manage CCA by planning treatment of each individual patient based on the stage and extent of malignancy. With appropriate selection of patients and the involvement of a multidisciplinary team, surgical resection of localized CCA, LT coupled with neoadjuvant chemoradiation for perihilar CCA, or locoregional or systemic chemotherapy and/or endoscopic interventions for advanced CCA can be offered.
Pharmacological studies to examine the source of ATP released by pelvic nerve stimulation in the feline lower urinary tract

1. Pretreatment with 6-OHDA or bilateral sectioning of the hypogastric nerves decreased the noradrenaline content of lower urinary tract tissue. 2. Pelvic nerve stimulation-induced contractions were not significantly changed by either 6-OHDA pretreatment or bilateral sectioning of the hypogastric nerves. 3. Hypogastric nerve stimulation-induced contractions were significantly attenuated by the pretreatments. 4. Neither ATP- nor acetylcholine-induced contractions were significantly altered by either 6-OHDA or bilateral sectioning of the hypogastric nerves. 5. The data indicate that ATP, released by pelvic nerve stimulation, which induces a bladder contraction, is released from parasympathetic, cholinergic nerve fibres in the pelvic nerve trunks and not sympathetic, nor adrenergic nerve fibres also present in the pelvic nerve trunks.
Trends in the Management of Pelvic Abscesses

Tuboovarian abscess (TOA) is an important and common cause of inflammatory pelvic masses in women of reproductive age. It is responsible for approximately 100,000 hospital admissions annually. TOA is a known complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and its incidence is expected to increase with the current epidemic of STDs. TOAs are especially prevalent in patients infected with HIV. TOA is a polymicrobial process with a preponderance of anaerobic organisms, including the resistant gram-negative anaerobes such as Bacteroides bivius and Bacteroides fragilis. Patients with a TOA frequently present as a diagnostic dilemma for the surgeon. The symptoms commonly mimic those of a perforated appendiceal abscess, and at laparotomy or laparoscopy, the inflammatory process may involve all three organs (ie, ovary, tube, and appendix), making it difficult to assess where the initial insult originated. Patients with TOA usually present with lower abdominal pain and adnexal mass(es). Fever and leukocytosis are usually present, but their absence does not rule out TOA, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This article reviews the causes, diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes of TOA.
Altering the Reaction Pathways of Aminopyridine With 4,5-Diazafluorenone : Metal Ion Control

Abstract A parallel study of the ligand 4,5-diazafluorenone reactivity in the presence and absence of ruthenium(II) ion revealed that the reaction pathway of the ligand 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one with aminopyridine can be altered from the normal Schiff-base reaction to an unusual ring opening reaction upon its coordination to ruthenium(II) ion. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
SENSITIVITY TO DETECT QT INTERVAL PROLONGATION IN A TELEMETRIZED BEAGLE DOG: CARDIOVASCULAR STUDIES WITH MOXIFLOXACIN

Moxifl oxacin (MOX) was used to evaluate the sensitivity and validity of the dog telemetry model as a preclinical predictor of QT interval prolongation in humans. Cardiovascular (hemodynamic and electrocardiographic) monitoring, via telemetry implants, was conducted for 2hr pre-dose and 24hr post-dosing with MOX with a toxicokinetic evaluation in a separate group of dogs. In both studies, MOX was administered orally by gavage in 0.5% methylcellulose at 0, 10, 30, and 100mg/kg. Inherent variability of the model was assessed with administration of 4 doses of vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose) alone in all 4 dogs to mimic a dose-escalation paradigm. QT was corrected for heart rate (QTc) using an individual animal correction (Miyazaki and Tagawa, 2002). MOX produced signifi cant dose-related increases in QTc at doses of 10 (Cmax = 7.0±0.5μM), 30 (Cmax = 20.4±1.8μM), and 100 (Cmax = 39.5±5.91μM) mg/kg with peak increases of 14 (6%), 27 (12%), and 45 (20%) msec, respectively (p≤0.05 vs. vehicle). QTc increases (3 to 6%) at 10mg/kg of MOX were comparable to QT/QTc increases (4.0±5.1%) in humans at a therapeutic dose (400mg, Cmax = 7.5±2.7μM) (Demolis et al., 2000). The small change in QTc (3%) at 10mg/kg of MOX was not due to the variability in QTc observed in dogs as no signifi cant QTc changes occurred on days 2, 3, and 4 in a study with vehicle alone. In conclusion, the dog telemetry model exhibits high sensitivity to detect small but signifi cant QT/QTc increases with MOX in the same range of therapeutic plasma concentrations attained in humans.
ANATOMY OF SATELLITE TRADING IN THE NATIONAL MARKET SYSTEM FOR NYSE-LISTED STOCKS

A crucial element in the National Market System is the trading of NYSE-listed stocks in several satellite marketplaces. An analytical description of this off-board trading shows that the relative extent of trading in satellites varies considerably among stocks, among marketplaces, among trades of different sizes, and over time. A multivariate econometric model shows that cross-sectional differences among stocks in off-board trading correlates with certain descriptive characteristics of those stocks, but these differences mostly are endogenous with the competition between the satellites and the NYSE for trading volume.
Entropy of Liquid Water from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics

We have computed the entropy of liquid water using a two-phase thermodynamic model and trajectories generated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We present the results obtained with semilocal, hybrid, and van der Waals density functionals. We show that in all cases, at the experimental equilibrium density and at temperatures in the vicinity of 300 K, the computed entropies are underestimated, with respect to experiment, and the liquid exhibits a degree of tetrahedral order higher than in experiments. The underestimate is more severe for the PBE and PBE0 functionals than for several van der Waals functionals.
Synergistic effects of nitrate and ammonium ion on the growth and uptake kinetics of Monochrysis lutheri in continuous culture

Continuous-culture results for Monochrysis lutheri grown on 12 h light-12 h dark cycles with a spectrum of ratios of nitrate and ammonium serving as limiting nutrients are compared with continuous light, exclusively nitrate, and exclusively ammonium-limited data for this species. The diel effects of the light regime on the maximum specific uptake rate are examined for both nitrate and ammonium. Synergistic effects on uptake by various initial concentrations of these two nutrients are presented. Preconditioning with light-dark cycles did not affect maximum uptake rate, but preconditioning on a combination of nitrate and ammonium gave much lower uptake rates than those observed for populations preconditioned on either nutrient exclusively. The implications of high maximum specific-uptake rates compared to maximum specific-growth rates in terms of the range of nitrate and ammonium ion concentrations associated with nutrient limitation are reviewed.
Optimizing the superconducting transition temperature and upper critical field of Sn(1-x)In(x)Te

Sn${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$In${}_{x}$Te is a possible candidate for topological superconductivity. Previous work has shown that substitution of In for Sn in the topological crystalline insulator SnTe results in superconductivity, with the transition temperature, ${T}_{c}$, growing with In concentration. We have performed a systematic investigation of Sn${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$In${}_{x}$Te for a broad range of $x$, synthesizing single crystals (by a modified floating-zone method) as well as polycrystalline samples. The samples have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, resistivity, and magnetization. For the single crystals, the maximum ${T}_{c}$ is obtained at $x=0.45$ with a value of 4.5 K, as determined by the onset of diamagnetism.
Arc-continent collisional orogenesis in the SW Pacific and the nature, source and correlation of emplaced ophiolitic nappe components

Abstract Southwest Pacific ophiolitic nappes emplaced upon the former margin of eastern Australia provide a record of cyclical episodes of arc-continent collisional orogenesis that occurred throughout the Paleogene. Cenozoic nappes in Papua-New Guinea, New Caledonia and Northland, New Zealand consist of two key components: (1) a basal and apparently older Late Cretaceous–Eocene, metamorphosed, normal to weakly-enriched MORB-like basaltic ocean floor terrane; and (2) an uppermost supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolite that represents basement of the associated magmatic forearc. A detailed comparison of geochemical characteristics of unequivocal SSZ basalts with those considered as representative of the basaltic ocean floor terranes illustrates that formation of the majority of the latter is consistent with melting of a source transitional to normal (N-) and enriched (E-) MORB. These slight REE-enriched or transitional (T-) MORB have generally been considered as the result of seafloor spreading in a back arc basin (BAB) or basins to the east of Australia in the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene (~85–55 Ma). The enrichment recorded by the BAB basalts is likely a result of upwelling plumes associated with initial fragmentation of eastern Gondwana that left their signature on the mantle source consequently tapped by the BAB basalts. A subset of slightly more enriched basalts may owe their enrichment to source contamination (minor assimilation of thinned Gondwana-derived continental crust). Associated LREE-depleted N-MOR basalts previously considered as part of the basaltic ocean floor terranes on the other hand, are similar to SSZ basalts of the Northland and Papuan Ultramafic Belt ophiolites. Refinement of existing tectonic models is hindered by ambiguities in the stratigraphic relationships of the underlying basaltic ocean floor terranes with the overlying SSZ ophiolites, a paucity of age data and uncertainties in the tectonomagmatic affinities of the underlying basalts. Nonetheless, the geochemical characteristics displayed by LREE-depleted basalts of the basaltic ocean floor terranes suggest that these may instead represent younger, magmatic forearc basement components subsequently overthrust by lower sections of a genetically related ophiolite. Whether these and for that matter the majority of basalts of the basaltic ocean floor terranes, indeed represent complementary forearc crust to the SSZ ophiolite as opposed to a slice of Late Cretaceous-Eocene BAB floor backthrust beneath the SSZ ophiolite upon emplacement, will have to await the acquisition of corresponding radiometric age data.
Management Options of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

During the past year, studies have advanced the understanding and management of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Molar pregnancy is now diagnosed earlier in gestation across the globe due to increasingly availability of hCG measurement and pelvic ultrasound. Earlier diagnosis reduces the presence of classic signs and symptoms but does not affect the frequency of postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Molar pregnancy is known to be more common at the extremes of reproductive age, and studies have advanced our understanding of the natural history of molar pregnancy in adolescents and women in their 40s. Studies also have improved administration of chemotherapy. A prospective, randomized trial showed that pulse actinomycin D induced higher complete remission rates than weekly methotrexate in low-risk GTN. Investigations also have indicated the proper amount of consolidation chemotherapy in low-risk GTN and the value of low-dose induction chemotherapy in patients with a high disease burden. However, important work remains to be done.
PTOOL: A Software Package for the Selection of Particles from Electron Cryomicroscopy Spot-Scan Images

PTOOL, a suite of tools packaged in an X Window System-based graphical user interface has been developed to allow consistent and accurate selection of single particles from low-contrast spot-scan and flood beam electron microscopy images. These user friendly and computationally efficient tools run on Unix-based workstations. Particles are selected using an automatic reference based selection method which incorporates extensive image preprocessing. An image division and subsequent image sewing mechanism allows for efficient particle selection independent of micrograph size. A particle viewing tool is provided which displays galleries of images and has options for performing image processing operations such as Fourier filtering, histogram equalization, and image masking. In addition, a tool is included to perform semiautomatic focal pair particle matching to identify the same particles on two micrographs.
Primary culture of the rat epididymal epithelial cells as a source of oestrogen.

Summary. Studies were performed on the rat epithelial cells of the caput and cauda epididymidis cultured in a full medium enriched with foetal calf serum without or with exogenous testosterone. After 3 days of culture, the cells formed a monolayer. The cytoplasm of epididymal epithelial cells cultured with testosterone was rich in lipid droplets, glycogen and PAS-positive substances, while their content was decreased in the cytoplasm of cells cultured without testosterone. The activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was observed both in the cytoplasm of cultured epididymal epithelial cells and epithelial cells of epididymal sections. Hormone assays showed very low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone, and the absence of progesterone in the media of cells cultured without testosterone and higher testosterone concentrations when the cells were cultured with exogenous testosterone. However, the concentration of 17β-oestradiol found in the medium of cells was high, and exceeded many-fold its levels in the control media. Lentaron (Formestan), steroidal inhibitor of cytochrome P450 aromatase added to the culture decreased the secretion of oestradiol. RT-PCR analysis yielded cDNA products of 333 bp in length when primers were chosen to amplify a highly conserved sequence in the 3′ region of the cytochrome P450 aromatase gene. This study demonstrates the ability of epididymal epithelial cells in vitro to synthesize androgens and mRNA for cytochrome P450 aromatase in the cultured epididymal epithelial cells of the rat as well as the ability to aromatise the synthesized androgen to 17β-oestradiol.
Fragile Self-esteem and the Interpersonal Circumplex: Are Feelings of Self-worth Associated with Interpersonal Style?

The interpersonal content and cohesion of secure and fragile forms of self-esteem were examined across three studies using undergraduate participants. Each study focused on a single marker of fragile self-esteem: unstable self-esteem (N = 327), low implicit self-esteem (N = 288), or contingent self-esteem (N = 347). Across these three markers, self-esteem fragility was found to be strongly associated with the interpersonal styles of men but not women. Men with fragile high self-esteem were characterized by a blend of dominance and hostility, whereas other individuals with high self-esteem were characterized by a blend of dominance and nurturance. The interpersonal styles associated with true and uncertain forms of low self-esteem were diverse and ranged from hostility to nurturance. These findings suggest that secure and fragile forms of self-esteem possess significant interpersonal content and are distinguishable with regard to their interpersonal styles. Implications for the interpersonal nature of frag...
Solid–solid transformations via nanoscale intermediate interfacial phase: Multiple structures, scale and mechanics effects

Abstract Solid–solid ( SS ) phase transformations via nanometer-size intermediate melts ( IMs ) within the SS interface, hundreds of degrees below melting temperature, were predicted thermodynamically and are consistent with experiments for various materials. A necessary condition for the appearance of IMs, using a sharp interface approach, was that the ratio of the energies of SS and solid–melt ( SM ) interfaces, k E , were >2. Here, an advanced phase-field approach coupled with mechanics is developed that reveals various new scale and interaction effects and phenomena. Various types of IM are found: (i) continuous and reversible premelting and melting; (ii) jump-like barrierless transformation to IMs, which can be kept at much lower temperature even for k E 2 ; (iii) unstable IMs, i.e. a critical nucleus between the SS interface and the IM. A surprising scale effect related to the ratio of widths of SS and SM interfaces is found: it suppresses barrierless IMs but allows IMs to be kept at much lower temperatures even for k E 2 . Relaxation of elastic stresses strongly promotes IMs, which can appear even at k E 2 and be retained at k E = 1 . The theory developed here can be tailored for diffusive phase transformations, formation of intergranular and interfacial phases, and surface-induced phase transformations.
Cellular automata microsimulation for modeling bi-directional pedestrian walkways

Pedestrian flow is inherently complex, more so than vehicular flow, and development of microscopic models of pedestrian flow has been a daunting task for researchers. This paper presents the use of Cellular automata (CA) microsimulation for modeling bi-directional pedestrian walkways. It is shown that a small rule set is capable of effectively capturing the behaviors of pedestrians at the micro-level while attaining realistic macro-level activity. The model provides for simulating three modes of bi-directional pedestrian flow: (a) flows in directionally separated lanes, (b) interspersed flow, and (c) dynamic multi-lane (DML) flow. The emergent behavior that arises from the model, termed CA-Ped, is consistent with well-established fundamental properties.
Transfer Function Based Approaches to Array Calibration

This paper examines transfer-function based techniques for performing direction finding on a source of electromagnetic energy using a passive vector sensor array whose manifold is only nominally known. This problem is studied in the context of a situation in which the source can be observed from multiple look angles, as would be the case for an airborne array. The calibration algorithms examined in this paper address the case of both polarization and non-polarization diverse arrays. Computational studies are presented to assess the efficacy of the calibration algorithms.
Immunization with envelope glycoprotein of an avian RNA tumor virus protects against sarcoma virus tumor induction: role of subgroup.

Abstract Avian RNA tumor virus envelope glycoprotein protects against sarcoma development by an avian sarcoma virus of the same subgroup. Avian RNA tumor viruses, members of the retrovirus family, induce various malignancies in fowl (Weiss et al. (eds.), 1982, RNA Tumor Viruses, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). These viruses consist of a genomic RNA core surrounded by an envelope with embedded glycoproteins, of 85 and 37 kDa. The 85 kDa glycoprotein is antigenically specific for each subgroup as determined by neutralization. The envelope glycoprotein can be removed from the virion with retention of its antigenicity (Duesberg et al., 1970, Virology 41, 631–646). Two fractions of 4-6S and 8S, separated by sedimentation, were shown to retain antigenicity by interference of neutralization of virus by antibody. Thus, the 4-6S and 8S preparations could possibly serve as immunogens. The objective of this study was to determine if such envelope glycoprotein preparations could function as potential vaccines, and if so, whether the protection afforded would be subgroup specific.
Diffuse bilateral cerebral astrocytomas with atypical neuroimaging studies

✓ The authors describe the clinical behavior of eight patients with cerebral astrocytomas, in whom computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain was characterized by diffuse bilateral cerebral hemisphere tissue density abnormalities and minimal focal mass effect. Five patients were newly diagnosed, and three others had been treated for focal low-grade astrocytoma. Histological diagnoses included anaplastic astrocytoma (three patients), low-grade astrocytoma (three patients), glioblastoma (one patient), and gliosis with later development of glioblastoma (one patient). In five patients, brain tumor was not suspected from the neuroimaging studies, the findings of which were mistaken for radiation leukoencephalopathy, vasogenic edema, or multiple sclerosis. Serial CT scans or MR images undertaken over intervals of 3 to 184 weeks showed progression of abnormal tissue densities in seven patients and multifocal contrast-enhancing masses developed on CT scan in two patients. An auto...
Taxonomy of network transcoding

Universal access to the WWW is the vision in which all information, from any source, can be accessed anywhere, by any devices, in a consistent and straightforward way. However, the existing web paradigm in which the web server defines the content delivered to the Internet client device has hindered content accessibility for pervasive and ubiquitous devices. When delivering information over the Internet to pervasive and ubiquitous devices, content providers face the considerable challenge of sending and presenting content in a way that makes it usable to resource-limited devices. Transcoding is instrumental to enabling universal access to the web for pervasive and ubiquitous computing devices. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of transcoding techniques. The main contributions of the proposed taxonomy are (1) to provide a road map of the work accomplished to date by presenting dimensions of characteristics derived from our study of transcoding models and techniques, and (2) to help identify unsolved problems that exist in the domain today. Based on the proposed taxonomy, we have analyzed several existing commercially available systems, and investigated possible future improvements on these technologies.
Solid-State Photodimerization Kinetics of α-trans-Cinnamic Acid to α-Truxillic Acid Studied via Solid-State NMR

The present work focuses on the topochemical photoconversion process in which α-trans-cinnamic acid becomes α-truxillic acid. This solid-state [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction has previously been studied with X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy. However structural and kinetic details about the reaction are still debated. We present results from 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments that suggest that the Johnson, Mehl, Avrami, and Kolmogorov model of phase transformation kinetics can be applied to this system. The model elucidates parameters of the reaction, such as the nucleation rate, diffusion rate, and dimensionality of the reaction. From our data, it is concluded that this reaction follows one-dimensional growth with a decreasing nucleation rate.
Soft Tissue Injuries to USA Paralympians at the 1996 Summer Games

Abstract Nyland J, Snouse SL, Anderson M, Kelly T, Sterling JC. Soft tissue injuries to USA paralympians at the 1996 summer games. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:368-73. Objective: To report the soft tissue injuries sustained by the members of four disabled sports organizations (DSOs) who competed as the USA Team at the 1996 Paralympic Games. Setting: 1996 Paralympic Games, Atlanta, Georgia. Methods: Soft tissue (strain, sprain, tendonitis, bursitis, or contusion) injury frequencies sustained by Disabled Sports USA (DSUSA, n = 66), the United States Association for Blind Athletes (USABA, n = 53), the United States Cerebral Palsy Athletic Association (USCPAA, n = 56), and Wheelchair Sports USA (WSUSA, n = 129) athletes were compared by body region with chi-square tests ( p Results: A total of 254 soft tissue injuries (67% acute onset, 170/254) were sustained by the participant DSO members. Statistical design limitations and poor USCPAA athlete homogeneity prompted their exclusion from group comparisons (descriptive results are reported). The most common injury regions for specific DSOs were shoulder (26%), hip-thigh (14%), and ankle (12%) for DSUSA; hip-thigh (21%), cervicothoracic region (19%), and shoulder (17%) for USABA; lumbar region (14%), foot-toe (13%), and ankle (9%) for USCPAA; and shoulder (18%), arm-elbow (12%), forearm-wrist (12%), and lumbar region (9%) for USUSA. Chi-square residual analysis showed that the USABA athletes contributed more to cervicothoracic and lower leg region injury frequencies than DSUSA or WSUSA athletes. The WSUSA athletes contributed more to elbow-arm and forearm-wrist region injury frequencies than DSUSA or USABA athletes. The DSUSA athletes contributed more to ankle region injury frequencies than USABA or WSUSA athletes. Conclusions: Differences in soft tissue injury frequency among athletes of differing DSOs suggest that the competitive use of adaptive or assistive devices, in combination with sport-specific stressors and the athletes' disabilities, is related to the development of predictable soft tissue injury patterns. The decreased incidence of shoulder injury among WSUSA athletes suggests that the injury prevention advice provided by previous studies is being implemented among athletes at this competitive level. The increased incidence of ankle injuries among DSUSA athletes suggests lower extremity load imbalances (prosthetic vs uninvolved) during running. The increased incidence of lower leg injuries among USABA athletes suggests "overuse" injury patterns typical of nondisabled runners, or inadvertent contacts (contused shins), whereas the increased incidence of cervicothoracic injuries suggests injuries related to falls, "near falls," or sudden directional changes prompted by guidance aids. © 2000 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
A General Purpose Calibration Facility For Use In X-Ray Astronomy

An x-ray calibration facility for use in the 0.2-25 keV region is described. The facility employs several types of specially modified sources and detectors to produce and detect both line and continuum radiation in this energy range. We describe an inexpensive commercial x-ray source which has been modified for efficient high intensity operation as well as production of x-rays up to 25 keV. We also describe a system that utilizes multilayer mirrors alone or in a double Bragg geometry to select an energy bandpass. This system is controlled by a microcomputer which translates and rotates the multilayers to provide an easily selectable monochromatic beam with good resolu-tion over a broad energy range. A long focal length Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair has been coupled to a pivoting beam line in order to accurately characterize gratings for use in soft x-ray astronomy. The beam line is scanned through the various grating orders. All aspects of the facility incorporate a high degree of flexibility so that a wide variety of calibrations can be easily performed.
Biotreatment of produced water for removal of sulfides, organics, and toxicity

Water coproduced with petroleum may contain sulfides and organic constituents that give the water an aquatic toxicity preventing surface discharge. A simulated sour produced water and actual field samples of produced water were successfully biotreated with mixed cultures of Thiobacillus denitrificans and floc-forming heterotrophs. Complete removal of benzene, toluene, phenol, acetic acid, sulfides, and Microtox toxicity was achieved. These results indicate that a reactor system as simple in concept as a specialized activated sludge system can be used to treat produced water with these mixed contaminants, allowing surface discharge of the water for reuse.