cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OBIWAN-a visual interface for prompted query refinement

Typically, users submit very simple search queries to digital document data collections. Often, these queries can result in extremely broad answers or answers in which document relevance is hard to assess. Our group has developed a suite of tools which build sophisticated indexes to document collections. These tools can be used to provide cues to help users formulate more effective queries. In order to present these cues and manage the process of query refinement, we have developed a Java-based client-server system which uses these indexes and tools. One of the most powerful parts of our system is its ability to recognize domain-specific multi-word names and terms, using heuristic methods, and to index these vocabulary items in such a way that we can look up vocabulary items that commonly are related to the original query terms. This system responds to an initial query by suggesting additional items, based on a lexical network, that the user can use to focus the query. It has a simple "one-button" user interface, named OBIWAN (One-Button Interface With Associated Network).
The Offerings of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan

Between 1325 and 1521, the Mexica people of the Aztec capital ritually buried hundreds of offerings to their gods in the depths of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, where for more than five hundred years these gifts lay undiscovered. In complex religious ceremonies, sacred messages to the gods were expressed not only through these objects but through their exact and symbolic placement as well. In this revised edition of The Offerings of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, Leonardo Lopez Lujan shares and synthesizes the spectacular findings of the historic Templo Mayor Project, which took place in the heart of Mexico City from 1978 to 1997. Archaeologists found an astonishing array of items including masks, jewelry, skeletal remains of jaguars and alligators, statues of gods, precious stones, human remains, and countless objects from the oceans. Lopez Lujan's aim was to decipher the offerings' religious significance and explain the profound associations between the unearthed materials and ritual behavior. In doing so he relied on diverse data and several analytical techniques to determine such things as the exact date when the offerings were buried, the gods to whom they were dedicated, the festivals in which the gifts were made, and the meanings of the materials and their spatial distribution.
Improving turbo codes by control of transient chaos in turbo-decoding algorithms

A simple technique to control transient chaos in the turbo-decoding algorithm, which improves the performance of classical turbo codes, is developed. On average, the turbo-decoding algorithm with control (when stopped after eight iterations) shows a gain of 0.25–0.3 dB in the practical signal-to-noise ratios (from 0 to 1 dB), compared to the classical turbo-decoding algorithm without control.
On the revelation of private information in stock market economies

Abstract The notion that an agent in a given market can infer from the market price the (non-price) information received by other agents, as embodied in the existing studies of revealing rational expectations equilibrium, requires that the agent know the correct functional relationship between the non-price information of all agents and the resulting equilibrium price. In this paper we show that this condition is unnecessary in a stock market economy where the technologies of firms are the only private information, where firm managers use this private information in their own optimization programs (which include stock purchases), and where other agents care only about the firm's profits. Interestingly, this result does not extend to the case of consumers with private information.
Executive Constraints and Success in International Crises

Crisis outcomes have traditionally been explained by the participating states' relative power and relative ability to demonstrate resolve. Resolve has almost always been defined as the willingness of a state to go to war to obtain a favorable settlement and almost always operationalized in terms of the amount of force that a state uses in a particular crisis or dispute. However, a growing body of literature suggests that domestic political structures are an important source of resolve and therefore should be an important determinant of interstate crisis/dispute outcomes. This hypoth esis is tested using two distinct data sets and the results indicate that the hypothesis is not only correct, but that domestic political structures are a stronger predictor of interstate conflict outcomes than either relative ca pability or the traditional notion of relative resolve.
Genomic biomarkers for chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major challenge in nephrology and for public health care, affecting 14% to 15% of the adult US population and consuming significant health care resources. In the next 20 years, the number of patients with end stage renal disease is projected to increase by 50%. Ideal biomarkers that allow early identification of CKD patients at high risk of progression are urgently needed for early and targeted treatment to improve patient care. Recent success of integrating molecular approaches for personalized management of neoplastic diseases, including diagnosis, staging, prognosis, treatment selection, and monitoring, has strongly encouraged kidney researchers to pursue molecular definitions of patients with kidney disease. Challenges for molecular marker identification in CKD are a high degree of cellular heterogeneity of the kidney and the paucity of human tissue availability for molecular studies. Despite these limitations, potential molecular biomarker candidates have been uncovered at multiple levels along the genome––phenome continuum. Here we will review the identification and validation of potential genomic biomarker candidates of CKD and CKD progression in clinical studies. The challenges in predicting CKD progression, as well as the promises and opportunities resulting from a molecular definition of CKD will be discussed.
Materials Challenges in Reverse-Flow Pyrolysis Reactors for Petrochemical Applications

Currently, the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons for the production of light olefins is almost exclusively carried out in steam crackers operating around 900–1000°C. However, cracking hydrocarbons at much higher temperature results in high selectivity to acetylene, which can be converted into many petrochemical products including ethylene. The desired hydropyrolysis reaction from hydrocarbons to acetylene can be realized in a reverse-flow reactor at very high temperatures (>1700°C) in a scalable manner. The reactor elements include ceramic components that are placed in the hottest regions of the reactor and must withstand a temperature that is in the range of 1500–2000°C. In addition, the temperature rises and falls with the reverse-flow cycle; a fluctuation that could be as high as 100–500°C over a period of several seconds. Moreover, the materials in the hot zone are exposed alternately to a regeneration (heat addition) step that is mildly oxidizing, and a pyrolysis (cracking) step that is strongly reducing with a correspondingly high carbon activity. This article addresses the thermodynamic stability of selected ceramic materials based on alumina, zirconia, and yttria for such an application. Results from laboratory tests involving the exposure of these ceramic materials to simulated process conditions followed by their microstructural characterization are compared with expectations from thermodynamic predictions.
Making Sensor Networks Accessible to Undergraduates Through Activity-Based Laboratory Materials

In 2003, the MIT Technology review magazine listed wireless sensor networks as one of "Ten Emerging Technologies That Will Change the World" [2]. Five years later, are wireless sensor networks ready for the undergraduate classroom? Our goal is to develop lab exercises that are suitable for activity-driven teaching of undergraduate students. We here describe our lab exercises and our experience class-testing them in the Winter quarter of 2008 at Portland State University.
Simulating modular microcomputers

Detailed logic design followed by breakboarding of microprocessor-based systems makes development costly. This paper reports on the use of a high-order language for designing simulation models of microcomputer functional elements ("macromodules") at the register level and for verifying the timing and interface requirements for a family of microcomputer configura tions. The definitions of these microcomputer macro modules (i.e., microprocessors, memories, and input/ output interface modules) was derived in previous system analyses and simulation work reported in References 1 through 5, which were sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.Of the several simulation or emulation methods avail able for studying the design of computer architecture, the technique adopted here provides the level of simulation required to verify timing, interface logic, and data flow within and between macromodules in the family for subsequent simulations of system performance.Furthermore, module-level simulation using discrete lo...
Weakly-and Semi-Supervised Learning of a Deep Convolutional Network for Semantic Image Segmentation

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained on a large number of images with strong pixel-level annotations have recently significantly pushed the state-of-art in semantic image segmentation. We study the more challenging problem of learning DCNNs for semantic image segmentation from either (1) weakly annotated training data such as bounding boxes or image-level labels or (2) a combination of few strongly labeled and many weakly labeled images, sourced from one or multiple datasets. We develop Expectation-Maximization (EM) methods for semantic image segmentation model training under these weakly supervised and semi-supervised settings. Extensive experimental evaluation shows that the proposed techniques can learn models delivering competitive results on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2012 image segmentation benchmark, while requiring significantly less annotation effort. We share source code implementing the proposed system at https://bitbucket.org/deeplab/deeplab-public.
An Analysis of Latino-Korean Relations in the Workplace: Latino Perspectives in the Aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest

Mainstream interpretations of 1992 Los Angeles unrest had little to sat about Mexicans or Central Americans. Instead of, TV commemorators honed in on the black-Korean tensions while neglecting Latino-Korean relations. As Jinah Kim points out, overemphasis on the subjugation of black subjectivity “overshadows other systematic diagnoses of the civil unrest and places the focus on blackness as the object of, and solution to, social discord; African Americans remain America's (race) victims and America's (race) solution. “ Through largely portrayed in the national media as a black uprising were a near majority (approximately 49 percent) in the neighborhoods most affected by the unrest: South Central, Koreatown, and Pico Union. From a total of 5,633 arrests, “51 percent of those arrested were Latino; 30 percent of those who died were Latino”, more than 12 percent of the damaged businesses were Latino owned. A third of the Latinos arrested were turned over to the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) an...
Draft Genome Sequences of Strains Representing Each of the Elizabethkingia Genomospecies Previously Determined by DNA-DNA Hybridization.

ABSTRACT Draft genome sequences of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and representatives of each of its four historically described genomospecies were sequenced here. Preliminary analysis suggests that Elizabethkingia miricola belongs to genomospecies 2, and both Elizabethkingia anophelis and Elizabethkingia endophytica are most similar to genomospecies 1.
Going Slow May Not Be Best When Quitting Smoking

Most smoking cessation guidelines advise patients to stop abruptly on a set quit date. Lindson-Hawley and colleagues' trial found that abrupt cessation was more effective than gradual reduction. Th...
Creating the next generation of residential energy stewards using the energy transformation curriculum

Youth are members of the current generation of energy consumers, and the future generation of energy stewards. These young people are also the next generation of housing consumers. As such, it is important that they know how energy is used in a home and develop an understanding about energy efficiency and conservation skills and strategies in order to reduce overall usage and improve energy efficiency in the home.
Dentistry in the Bible, Talmud and writings of Moses Maimonides.

Maimonide (M.), medecin, theologien et philosophe juif, a cherche a montrer l'accord entre la foi et la raison. A travers l'art dentaire decrit dans la Bible et le Talmud, il ecrit un essai medical sur la dentisterie, avec de nombreuses photographies de dents
In Vivo Visualization of Stromal Macrophages via label-free FLIM-based metabolite imaging.

Macrophage infiltration and recruitment in breast tumors has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients and has been linked to tumor cell dissemination. Much of our understanding comes from animal models in which macrophages are labeled by expression of an extrinsic fluorophore. However, conventional extrinsic fluorescence labeling approaches are not readily applied to human tissue and clinical use. We report a novel strategy that exploits endogenous fluorescence from the metabolic co-factors NADH and FAD with quantitation from Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) as a means to non-invasively identify tumor-associated macrophages in the intact mammary tumor microenvironment. Macrophages were FADHI and demonstrated a glycolytic-like NADH-FLIM signature that was readily separated from the intrinsic fluorescence signature of tumor cells. This non-invasive quantitative technique provides a unique ability to discern specific cell types based upon their metabolic signatures without the use of exogenous fluorescent labels. Not only does this provide high resolution temporal and spatial views of macrophages in live animal breast cancer models, this approach can be extended to other animal disease models where macrophages are implicated and has potential for clinical applications.
Extrusion of the Hamate: A Case Report with Proposed Classification Amendment.

Case: A thirteen-year-old right-hand-dominant girl sustained a right hamate fracture-extrusion with associated pisiform dislocation and volar degloving injury with open fractures of the scaphoid, capitate, lunate, and trapezoid following an all-terrain-vehicle rollover. She was noted to have paresthesias in the median nerve distribution. Treatment involved irrigation and debridement of the right wrist and internal fixation of the hamate, capitate, and scaphoid. At fifteen months of follow-up, she had returned to competitive softball as a pitcher. Radiographs demonstrated fully healed fractures. Conclusion: Complete extrusion of the hamate through an open wound can be treated with good functional outcomes.
Tillage and Compactive Modifications of Gaseous Flow and Soil Aeration

Oxygen influx and carbon dioxide efflux from the rhizosphere are adversely influenced when tillage and traffic reduce soil porosity. Greater soil anaerobiosis inhibits plant growth/development and modifies aerobic microbial populations and activities. Although greater volumetric soil water contents of compacted soils may improve seed germination and perhaps emergence, root systems of young seedlings generally encounter adverse soil gaseous concentrations below the seed zone. Temporarily saturated zones at the interface of deeper compacted areas of the rhizosphere (e.g., tillage pans, wheel tracks, etc.) often result in lower soil oxygen contents, causing reductions in metabolic energy levels of roots growing in those regions. Concurrently, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and other soil biogases accumulate sufficiently to cause additional physiological and morphological changes in root development; disease susceptibility is also increased.
The Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Genitourinary Trauma

The role of the radiologist in the management of urologic disease has changed dramatically in the last 10 years with the introduction of new imaging methods and the evolution of the angiographic catheter into a therapeutic instrument. The authors review the diagnostic options in genitourinary trauma, the indications for and techniques of transcatheter arterial embolization for renal and other retroperitoneal hemorrhage, and nonvascular interventions such as antegrade nephrostomy, stenting of urethral disruptions, percutaneous bladder drainage, and drainage of abscesses, hematomas, and urinomas.
Analytical Modeling of Semiconductor Losses in Matrix Converters

Analytical models for estimating semiconductor losses are commonly used for heatsink selection in the design process of power converters. While such models are established and widely known for different dc-dc converters, rectifiers and inverters, they have not been developed for matrix converters. Therefore, one has to resort to the use of numerical simulation for this purpose. Although numerical simulation is a straightforward approach as long as the power switching devices are properly modeled, it is typically time consuming and requires accurate physical models for the device. In this paper, an analytical approach to characterizing the semiconductor losses of the conventional matrix converter (CMC) and the indirect matrix converter (IMC) is presented. The analytical results are verified against the simulation results from a detailed numerical model under a wide variety of operating conditions.
Airway and Pulmonary Management in Neurosurgical Critical Care

Patients at risk for life-threatening deterioration of central nervous system disease are managed in the critical care unit. For example, there are approximately 500,000 traumas per year in the USA with one half of the deaths directly related to head trauma and respective complications. Endotracheal intubations in neurological emergencies are some of the most challenging aspects of airway management.
Maximizing the Value of Packaged Software Customization: A Nonlinear Model and Simulation

Organizations that purchase packaged application software-for example, an Enterprise Resource Planning system-must make choices about customization. Packaged software vendors and practitioners recommend that organizations customize software as little as possible, and instead adapt their processes to meet the "best practices" of the software. However, organizations continue to exceed their budgets on implementing and maintaining customized software. This suggests that either these organizations are making poor decisions, or that the conventional wisdom about customization is incorrect. In this paper the author models the primary factors in the customization decision, most notably the "fit" between desired processes and the procedures inherent in the packaged software. The author then consider costs related to development, maintenance, and technical corrections due to poor integration and performance; and benefits related to increased fit, technical corrections, and user acceptance. This paper extends prior work by 1 modelling nonlinear relationships between the amount of time spent on custom development and the resulting benefits, 2 modelling nonlinear relationships between development costs and maintenance costs, and 3 modelling corrective development as a function of development related to fit and user acceptance. The author uses simulation techniques to illustrate the conditions under which customization is likely to provide value to the organization, as well as conditions under which customization should be avoided.
The Affordable Care Act's Dependent Care Coverage and Mortality.

Background:In September 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled young adults to gain insurance coverage under their parents’ policies.Objective:Assess the impact of the ACA’s dependent care coverage expansion on young adult mortality rates.Research Design:Using the Multiple Cause Mortality publi
Sensitivity of an Induced System on a Segment

We consider dynamical systems (C (I), f) in which the function f maps a segment I into itself and is naturally extended to closed connected subsets of this segment. For the indicated systems, we study their sensitivity to initial conditions. In particular, it is shown that the system (C (I), f) always possesses a Lyapunov-stable point.
Local time asymmetry of Saturn's magnetosheath flows

Using gross averages of the azimuthal component of flow in Saturn's magnetosheath, we find that flows in the pre-noon sector reach a maximum value of roughly half that of the post-noon side. Corotational magnetodisc plasma creates a much larger flow shear with solar wind plasma pre-noon than post-noon. Maxwell stress tensor analysis shows that momentum can be transferred out of the magnetosphere along tangential field lines if a normal component to the boundary is present, i.e. field lines which pierce the magnetopause. A Kelvin-Helmholtz unstable flow gives rise to precisely this situation, as intermittent reconnection allows the magnetic field to thread the boundary. We interpret the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability acting along the magnetopause as a tangetial drag, facilitating two way transport of momentum through the boundary. We use reduced magnetosheath flows in the dawn sector as evidence of the importance of this interaction in Saturn's magnetosphere.
The Value of Speech-Language Pathologists in Concussion Management

Objective The goal of this article is to make a case for the value of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) to be considered for inclusion on a concussion management team in a consultant capacity and resource for student-athletes during the return-to-learn process particularly at the high school or collegiate level where they may already be on staff or affiliated. SLPs have the skills and expertise to address difficulties and provide structured strategies to address symptoms of a concussion that affect cognitive processing, attention, and focus which often are impacted during recovery from a concussion. These skills alongside an athletic trainer/school nurse will provide a mechanism for student-athletes to be monitored and have a resource through the return-to-learn and return-to-play process.
Aligning Open, Physical, and Virtual Spaces in the CIS Sandbox

As students operate increasingly in digital environments populated by social media tools, they need to leverage them effectively to access online resources and stay connected to the physical environments which they inhabit. This paper reports on a practitioner research project to reconfigure a traditional Computer Information Systems (CIS) tutoring lab at a business university into the “CIS Sandbox.” The physical facility launched with an aligned online presence intended to engage students and contribute to their learning about CIS topics. The paper presents the rationale, design, and implementation of these collaborative tools, and their impact on the students’ and tutors’ educational experience. Qualitative analysis from interviews with Sandbox staff and quantitative analysis of data from a preliminary survey suggests that creatively drawing upon collaborative tools and methods enables the integration between physical and virtual spaces.
Dirichlet Domains in a Plane

With the enumeration of all regular and semiregular cells and the rules for combining them into three-dimensional structures, we have completed the discussion of connectivities, and are ready to take actual distances into account.
Utility Evaluation of Cross-document Information Extraction

We describe a utility evaluation to determine whether cross-document information extraction (IE) techniques measurably improve user performance in news summary writing. Two groups of subjects were asked to perform the same time-restricted summary writing tasks, reading news under different conditions: with no IE results at all, with traditional single-document IE results, and with cross-document IE results. Our results show that, in comparison to using source documents only, the quality of summary reports assembled using IE results, especially from cross-document IE, was significantly better and user satisfaction was higher. We also compare the impact of different user groups on the results.
Economic Reforms in Bulgaria and Romania: Prospects for the 1980s

This chapter discusses economic reforms in Bulgaria and Romania prospects for the 1980s. The reforms of Eastern Europe are divided into two categories: (1) an economic reform, which shifts the coordination of the economy from the central planners to markets and (2) an administrative reform, which shifts economic decision making from the central planners to a firm manager or even to a group of employees. The size of a production unit is measured by the number of workers, the value of capital assets, or by land area. The value information for setting the priority of an internal allocation decision comes from prices—planned or not. The labor supply in Bulgaria and Romania is affected more by national policies than by economic reforms. The demographic indicators are similar in both countries—the rate of natural increase is diminishing but positive because birth rates have fallen rapidly and have not offset the death rates that have fallen slowly.
Clinical factors influencing engraftment in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma following autologous stem cell transplant.

e19504Background: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is considered as standard of care for patients (pts) with relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In this study we evaluated d...
‘Cinema’ as a Modernist Conception of Motion Pictures

In the 1960s and 1970s the Clement Greenberg’s Modernist ideology of ‘purity’ played a central role in the definition of ‘avant-garde cinema’ as a serious, major genre of film. This transfer between ‘fine art’ and ‘avant-garde film’ was articulated as ‘structural film’ by P. Adams Sitney. This heritage shapes contemporary debates over ‘postcinema’ as digital technology undermines the ontology and dispositive of historical cinema. Its discussion here is not meant to reanimate old debates, but to move past them. Article received: March 12, 2018; Article accepted: April 10, 2018; Published online: September 15, 2018; Original scholarly paper How to cite this article: Betancourt, Michael. "‘Cinema’ as a Modernist Conception of Motion Pictures." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 16 (2018): 55−67. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i16.254
Association Between Cannabis Use and Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

This survey study investigates whether cannabis use is associated with risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Body Mass Index and Parotidectomy Outcomes

Multiple specialties have demonstrated increased risk of certain postoperative complications in patients with an increased body mass index (BMI). The goal of this study was to understand the outcomes of patients undergoing parotidectomy with an increased BMI and to identify any other patient risk factors for postoperative complications. This study was a retrospective chart review of 432 patients. Patient variables collected included BMI, age, gender, history of diabetes mellitus, type of parotidectomy, and pathology. Outcomes reviewed included facial nerve weakness, hematoma or seroma formation, and wound infection. The results showed that BMI had no statistically significant effect on complications. However, patients undergoing a total parotidectomy, malignant pathology, and patients with a history of diabetes mellitus had significantly more postoperative facial weakness. In conclusion, BMI does not influence postoperative complications in patients undergoing parotidectomy. Patients with diabetes, those undergoing total parotidectomies, and patients with malignant pathology have significantly more facial weakness and should be counseled accordingly.
Surgical Considerations in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Proximal Humerus Fractures

Proximal humerus fractures in the setting of osteoporosis can be technically challenging. Intraoperative challenges include comminution, thin cortical bone, and crushed cancellous bone that lead to difficulties in obtaining and maintaining a reduction and hardware fixation. Loss of fixation and varus collapse continue to be problems despite the utilization of modern locking plate fixation. A clearer understanding of predictors of fixation failure and the encouraging early results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) have resulted in increased utilization of RTSA for the primary treatment of proximal humerus fractures.
Item Response Theory Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Its Short Forms

The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a self-report measure of mindfulness with forms of several different lengths, including the FFMQ-39, FFMQ-24, and FFMQ-15. We use item response theory analysis to directly compare the functioning of these three forms. Data were drawn from a non-clinical Amazon Mechanical Turk study (N = 522) and studies of aftercare treatment of individuals with substance use disorders (combined N = 454). The item and test functioning of the three FFMQ forms were studied and compared. All 39 items were strongly related to the facet latent variables, and the items discriminated over a similar range of the latent mindfulness constructs. Items provided more information in the low-to-medium range of latent mindfulness than in the high range. Scores in three of the five FFMQ-39 facets were unreliable when measuring individuals in the high range of latent mindfulness, resulting from ceiling effects in item responses. Reliability in the high range of mindfulness was further reduced in the FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15, such that short forms may be ill-suited for applications that require reliable measurement in the high range. Results suggest the existing FFMQ item pool cannot be reduced without negatively affecting either overall reliability or the span of mindfulness over which reliability is assessed. Conditional test reliability curves and item functioning parameters can aid investigators in tailoring their choice of FFMQ form to the reliability they hope to achieve and to the range of latent mindfulness over which they must reliably measure.
Incidence of Spontaneous Obliteration in Untreated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background Spontaneous obliteration (SpO) of untreated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is rare with fewer than 100 cases reported. The incidence and predisposing factors of SpO remain unclear, impeding our understanding of lesion progression in untreated patients. Objective To determine the incidence rate and predisposing factors of SpO in a North American cohort. Methods AVMs were retrospectively evaluated at our institution for over 25 yr. Untreated AVMs were divided into 2 groups: SpO-AVMs and non-SpO-AVMs. All statistical results were based on univariate analyses. Incidence was generated from counts of SpO over the untreated interval in patient years from birth until obliteration, treatment, or last follow-up. Results One hundred fifty-four patients had untreated AVMs; SpO was observed in 4. Average ages were 49.0 ± 23.6 and 48.7 ± 20.4 yr in the SpO-AVM and non-SpO-AVM group, respectively (P = .98). Average AVM sizes were 2.0 ± 1.8 cm (SpO-AVMs) and 3.7 ± 2.6 cm (non-SpO-AVMs, P = .25). All SpO-AVMs and 40 (27.0%) non-SpO-AVMs had a ruptured presentation (P = .006). A single draining vein was observed in all SpO-AVMs and 39 (32.8%) non-SpO-AVMs (P = .01). Deep venous drainage was not observed in any SpO-AVMs, but in 81 (57.9%) non-SpO-AVMs (P = .04). Mean follow-up time was 37.0 ± 42.6 and 75.6 ± 161.7 mo in SpO-AVM and non-SpO-AVMs patients, respectively. Of the 2 SpO-AVM patients with postobliteration follow-up, 1 experienced recanalization. From a 672-patient cohort, the incidence of SpO over 28 961 patient years was 0.014%. Conclusion SpO-AVMs have an annual incidence rate of approximately 0.014% and tend to present with rupture, a single draining vein, and superficial venous drainage. Expectation of SpO for untreated AVMs is not justified, and patients should anticipate life-long hemorrhagic risk for untreated AVMs.
From sunlight to seed: Assessing limits to solar radiation capture and conversion in agro-ecosystems

Abstract Yield depends upon the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by the crop during the growing season and its conversion into harvestable biomass. Little is known about attainable and actual efficiencies involved in absorbing incident PAR (ea) and converting it into yield (ec) in producer fields. We developed a novel approach consisting of producer data, satellite imagery, and crop modelling to assess ea and ec in agro-ecosystems. Simulated phenology and satellite imagery were used to estimate incident (IPAR) and absorbed (APAR) PAR during the crop season for 3096 soybean fields sown across the US North Central region during 2014–2016. Quantile regression was used to derive upper limits for ea and ec and multiple-regression analysis was performed to identify biophysical drivers of the observed variation in these two efficiencies. Differences in weather, soil, and management resulted in a wide range in crop cycle length (58–126 d), total IPAR (580–1250 MJ m−2), and seed yield (0.8–6.3 Mg ha−1). The relationship between yield and total APAR was curvilinear, indicating marginal yield gains in the upper APAR range. Attainable ea represented 65% of total IPAR, while attainable ec ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 g seed MJ−1 depending upon total APAR. Average producer ea and ec were 14 and 29% below their attainable efficiencies. Average efficiency in converting IPAR into yield was 0.8%, with an upper limit of 1.1% derived from the 95th percentile of the field data distribution. Although weak, relationships between efficiencies and meteorological factors such as IPAR, temperature, water balance, and diffuse radiation were consistent with previous literature. There was a strong trade-off between ec and ea indicating that maximizing both efficiencies simultaneously was not possible in producer fields. Our approach can be used to determine attainable and actual efficiencies in capturing and converting radiation into yield, set realistic yield limits, and understand relationships between producer yield and management practices.
Toxin-Mediated Food Poisoning

A group of 10 young adults attended a summertime beach barbeque together. Each couple contributed to the food served during the picnic. It was a hot summer day, but everything was stored in coolers, on ice, until they were ready to eat. The par-boiled chicken was kept in a cooler separate from the other items. All ten people ate the BBQ chicken served right off the grill. All five women and four of the men ate the macaroni and fruit salads. All ten drank beer with the meal. After they finished eating, they played volleyball on the beach for an hour and then enjoyed cooling down in the lake. On return to the picnic area, the man who had not eaten any macaroni or fruit salad earlier grabbed the salads from the table, where they had been left (covered) and finished the contents of both bowls, while the others enjoyed cold beer and chips. Two hours later, as the group packed up their belongings to head home, then man who had finished off the salads complained of feeling nauseous and began vomiting. When it was suggested that he may have developed food poisoning, he questioned the possibility because he ate the same things that everyone else had eaten. When reminded that he was the only one who had eaten the macaroni salad after it had been sitting unrefrigerated at temperatures over 90°F for several hours, he realized his mistake. He continued to vomit for 3 more hours and then began to feel better. He slept well that night and awoke the next day feeling fine. He called his sister, a public health nurse, later that afternoon to recount his miserable experience. She informed him that he very likely developed staphylococcal food poisoning from a toxin that was being made by the bacteria present in the salad as it sat in the heat all afternoon. The others did not fall ill because the toxin was not present in the salad at the time they ate it. Both were glad that he was the only one from the group who was foolish enough to eat the salad after it had gone unrefrigerated for so long. He has paid closer attention to careful food handling practices ever since.
Post-Kidney Transplant Care and Health Outcomes of US Veterans.

Enrollees in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) may receive health care via multiple routes. Veterans may rely solely on the VA for care (VA-only care), receive care in the community using private or alternative insurance, or blend VA with non-VA care (dual care). The site of care and payor
Telemedicine in an Outpatient Arthroplasty Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Early Lessons from New York City

Background: The early months of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in New York City led to a rapid transition of non-essential in-person health care, including outpatient arthroplasty v...
Perceptions diverge on aspects related to substance use disorder: An analysis of individuals in recovery, physicians, nurses, and medical students.

Interactions with healthcare workers can provide effective entrance into treatment, ensuring retention and lifelong recovery for individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Healthcare providers ...
How are sentiments on autonomous vehicles influenced? An analysis using Twitter feeds

Abstract Public opinion on autonomous vehicles (AVs) is an important topic as AVs are expected to change the transportation system dramatically. Although the topic has been discussed extensively by many researchers and experts, it is beneficial to complement current studies by explaining the AV-related sentiment variations leveraging the unique social media features. Different from traditional survey-based studies, this study relies on tweets to understand the sentiments on AVs. A comprehensive model framework is proposed to categorize sentiments, recognize critical dates with sentiment changes, and explain sentiment variations. The results indicate that the general sentiment is positive towards AVs, but social media users have sentiment biases towards different AV terms. Significant sentiment changes are often linked with major social events related to AVs, and the general public is more sensitive to social events than the most active users. A wide range of policy insights are discussed based on the results of the analyses, including policies related to safety, pricing, unemployment, and AV adoption rate. Possible challenges and the corresponding strategies are also discussed. These insights will be helpful for the public agencies, automobile manufacturers, and technology companies in gaining a better understanding of AV adoption, and in preparing for the future of transportation systems.
Association between behavioral phenotypes and sustained use of smartphones and wearable devices to remotely monitor physical activity.

Smartphones and wearable devices can be used to remotely monitor health behaviors, but little is known about how individual characteristics influence sustained use of these devices. Leveraging data on baseline activity levels and demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial traits, we used latent class analysis to identify behavioral phenotypes among participants randomized to track physical activity using a smartphone or wearable device for 6 months following hospital discharge. Four phenotypes were identified: (1) more agreeable and conscientious; (2) more active, social, and motivated; (3) more risk-taking and less supported; and (4) less active, social, and risk-taking. We found that duration and consistency of device use differed by phenotype for wearables, but not smartphones. Additionally, "at-risk" phenotypes 3 and 4 were more likely to discontinue use of a wearable device than a smartphone, while activity monitoring in phenotypes 1 and 2 did not differ by device type. These findings could help to better target remote-monitoring interventions for hospitalized patients.
Non-Bounded Operators

Operators which are not bounded will not be defined in the whole Hilbert space ℌ, but only in a subspace of b , called the “domain” of the operator and denoted by b A. Operators defined only in a subspace of b occur quite frequently. Of course, integral operators are naturally defined only in such subspaces of b. But if they are bounded — and those that we have considered are bounded — they can be extended to the whole space ℌ. Differential operators also are defined only in subspaces — as was already indicated in Chapter I; but they are always strictly non-bounded, as will be shown in Chapter VII. Of course one will naturally try to extend the domain of a non-bounded operator as far as possible.
Chapter 6. Analgesics, Opioids, and Opioid Receptors

Publisher Summary The search for superior analgesics with improved side-effect profiles continues in the clinic through additional evaluations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory peripheral analgesics and through continued study of oral administration of centrally acting analgesics. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) evaluated as oral analgesics for postoperative pain includes: fenoprofen, etodolac, isoxepac, zomepirac, and diflunisal. For relief of pain following outpatient surgery, oral fenoprofen (200 mg) compares favorably with parenteral morphine (8 mg) after an initial two hour period during that morphine is more effective. Diflunisal (dolobid) appears to be a well-tolerated NSAID. Diflunisal is an efficacious and long-acting (up to 12 hours) analgesic for oral surgery patients and is effective against pain encountered in general practice. In the treatment of chronic back pain, diflunisal (500 mg twice daily) appears superior to paracetamol (1000 mg four times a day) although less effective than naproxen sodium (550 mg twice a day). Studies with diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and zomepirac sodium provide additional evidence of the effectiveness of oral NSAIDs for the treatment of the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. In the treatment of renal colic, intramuscular injection of the NSAID diclofenac (50 mg) is more effective than the injection of a narcotic–spasmolytic combination drug.
Effecting validity of ergonomics analysis during virtual interactive design

This paper focuses on validating the performance of virtual interactive design (VID) environment with dynamic ergonomics analysis. Previous studies have only validated VID for posture-based static ergonomics analysis, and applied the methodology on several studies. While since dynamic information is important for ergonomics analysis, this study will investigate the performance of VID environment for ergonomics analysis considering dynamic information such as velocity, which uses motion instead of posture as analysis target.
Occurrence of ameloblastoma within a dentigerous cyst: Report of a case

Abstract A case report has been presented to emphasize the importance of follow-up examinations. A 14-year-old girl was operated on for removal of a dentigerous cyst of the mandible. The postoperative healing was rapid and satisfactory until a small radiolucent area appeared in the alveolus. This area was enucleated 21 months after the first operation, and the lesion was found to be an ameloblastoma. There was no further evidence of tumor over the following 9 years. In view of the excellent immediate postoperative course, this young patient could easily have been discharged as cured after a few months. A long-term follow-up seemed advisable, however, and after nearly 2 years a tumor was found in the original surgical site.
Regulation of NADPH-dependent mixed-function oxidation in perfused livers: Comparative studies with sorbitol and ethanol☆

Sorbitol and ethanol were shown to have opposite effects on p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in perfused livers from fasted, phenobarbital-treated rats. Sorbitol (2 mM) stimulated drug metabolism by 50% while ethanol (20 mM) caused 80% inhibition. Both sorbitol and ethanol infusion decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio and increased fluorescence of pyridine nucleotides monitored from the liver surface; however, the NADP+/NADPH ratio was decreased by sorbitol but tended to be increased by ethanol. Stimulation of drug metabolism by sorbitol was abolished by pretreatment of fasted rats with 6-aminonicotinamide, an inhibitor of the pentose phosphate shunt, but was not affected by aminooxyacetate, a transaminase inhibitor. These results indicate that sorbitol stimulated p-nitroanisole metabolism by providing NADPH via the pentose phosphate shunt. Ethanol and sorbitol caused changes in intracellular concentrations of NADPH in livers from fasted rats which correlated directly with changes in hepatic levels of citrate and aspartate. Furthermore, aspartate infusion reduced the inhibition of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation by ethanol. This inhibition was also reversed partially by sorbitol in livers from 6-aminonicotinamide-treated rats. It is concluded that ethanol inhibits mixed-function oxidation primarily by decreasing the concentrations of citric acid cycle intermediates which leads to depletion of cytosolic NADPH.
Antifungal properties of cyanobacteria and algae: ecological and agricultural implications

Scientific reports of fungi associated with marine algae date back to the late nineteenth century[1, 2]. Since then, many species of fungi have been identified from marine macroalgae [3]. As many as one-third of the described species of marine higher fungi and many species of lower fungi are associated with marine algae [4, 5]. Similarly, aquatic fungi are often found in association with freshwater algae and microscopic cyanobacteria [6]. While most reports are primarily taxonomic, the ecological nature of the interactions between these associations is diverse. Saprophytic fungi are common, and parasitic fungal species can seriously affect vast populations of macroalgae raised in commercial sea-farming enterprises [7].
STRUCTURE PRESERVATION AND POSTLEXICAL TONOLOGY IN DAGBANI

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses structure preservation and postlexical tonology in Dagbani. The article examines the issue of structure preservation (SP) as it pertains to the tonology of Dagbani, a Gur language spoken in Ghana. The issue of interest is that Dagbani has a pervasive constraint forbidding contour tones throughout most of the tonology. By SP, a rule whereby a high tone (H) spreads onto a following low-tone (L) syllable automatically delinks that L to avoid the unacceptable contour. As a result, H–L contour tones ultimately surface in violation of SP. The key issue here concerns the place in Dagbani phonology at which SP has apparently turned off. Finally, as multiple applications of tone spreading have a cumulative effect, the strong domain hypothesis (SDH) predicts that an H tone could potentially spread as many syllables away from its underlying position as there are strata or levels within the language-particular phonology. Thus, a second issue in this study concerns the appropriateness of the SDH in predicting the observed tonal facts in Dagbani.