cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 associated spontaneous barotrauma: a literature review

Reports of spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum as a complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been increasing. COVID-19 causes inflammatory disease mainly affecting the respiratory system. Severity varies from asymptomatic pulmonary findings on imaging to acute respiratory distress syndrome along with pleural effusions, consolidations and spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax. The aim of this paper was to review the literature to explore the association between pneumomediastinum/pneumothorax and COVID-19 respiratory disease, both in patients on ventilators and without ventilators, on a spontaneous basis. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive online literature search using PubMed for articles published with the key words of ‘spontaneous pneumothorax’, ‘pneumomediastinum’ and ‘COVID-19’. Further references were obtained through cross-referencing the bibliographies cited in each publication. We found that spontaneous barotrauma is one of the complications associated with COVID-19 infection and has been observed in patients with and without mechanical ventilation. The process of pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax development is not well understood, especially in patients without underlying lung disease or on mechanical ventilation. We identified various factors that predispose to barotrauma. First, the direct infection of the Type I and Type II pneumocytes by the virus. Second, the pressure gradient between the alveoli and the pulmonary interstitium. Finally, barotrauma can occur secondary to the severe inflammatory response from the COVID-19-related cytokine storm. These conditions are all associated with severe alveolar damage and rupture of the alveolar wall that can produce pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax, both in mechanically ventilated patients and non-ventilated patients. COVID-19 is associated complications result in prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of stay, as well as overall increase in morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are two serious complications. Education regarding the adjustment of ventilation settlings in the ventilator-dependent COVID-19 patient may perhaps offset the iatrogenic component of barotrauma seen in some such patients.
Quantum Federated Learning with Quantum Data.

Quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as a promising field that leans on the developments in quantum computing to explore large complex machine learning problems. Recently, some purely quantum machine learning models were proposed such as the quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNN) to perform classification on quantum data. However, all of the existing QML models rely on centralized solutions that cannot scale well for large-scale and distributed quantum networks. Hence, it is apropos to consider more practical quantum federated learning (QFL) solutions tailored towards emerging quantum network architectures. Indeed, developing QFL frameworks for quantum networks is critical given the fragile nature of computing qubits and the difficulty of transferring them. On top of its practical momentousness, QFL allows for distributed quantum learning by leveraging existing wireless communication infrastructure. This paper proposes the first fully quantum federated learning framework that can operate over quantum data and, thus, share the learning of quantum circuit parameters in a decentralized manner. First, given the lack of existing quantum federated datasets in the literature, the proposed framework begins by generating the first quantum federated dataset, with a hierarchical data format, for distributed quantum networks. Then, clients sharing QCNN models are fed with the quantum data to perform a classification task. Subsequently, the server aggregates the learnable quantum circuit parameters from clients and performs federated averaging. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed QFL solution. This work is the first to combine Google's TensorFlow Federated and TensorFlow Quantum in a practical implementation.
The stabilization of supported Au nanoparticles in a highly sintering environment using high surface free energy Pt and Ru cores

To stabilize carbon supported gold nanoparticles which sinter rapidly in a highly corrosive chemical environment containing gaseous HCl at elevated temperature (180 °C), bimetallic Ru@Au and Pt@Au core–shell supported nanoparticles were prepared by anchoring shells of Au onto higher surface free energy cores of Pt and Ru. Highly dispersed (sub-2 nm) Pt and Ru particles prepared by electrostatic adsorption of the respective precursors onto the carbon support were themselves stable in the corrosive medium. As confirmed by XRD, chemisorption, and HRTEM analyses of the fresh and treated nanoparticles, Au shells deposited onto the Pt and Ru metal cores were completely stabilized against sintering and in fact appeared to spread on the high surface free energy metal core surfaces during the treatments. High surface free energy core anchoring of less stable metal shells appears to be a valid strategy extendable to many other systems.
Finite factorization properties in commutative monoid rings with zero divisors

Several different generalizations of finite factorization domains (i.e., integral domains where every nonzero nonunit has only finitely many divisors up to associates) have been defined for commuta...
Design for Pediatric and Neonatal Critical Care

Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1: Better Design for Better Outcomes 1. The Role of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care in Healthcare Delivery 2. Definition and History of Pediatric Intensive Care Environments 3. Definition and History of Neonatal Intensive Care Environments Part 2: The Physical Setting 4. PICU and NICU Design Part 3: Research and Guidelines on Persons and the Environment 5. PICU and NICU Design Research 6. Design Guidelines Part 4: The Future of Design and Research 7. Future of Design and Design Research Conclusion Index
Prior, Frege and Bealer on Types

Prior constructs quantifications binding variables in a variety of different types of positions e.g., in positions apt for names, for sentences, for adjectives, and for adverbs. He does not go in for such quantifications just out of interest in the development of logistic systems. For he takes it, throughout his work on intensionality and truth, that his quantifications reflect what is already present in our everyday generalizations, and he intends that his quantifications should throw light on those generalizations. So if those of our generalizations involving truth and intensionality lack the kind of type structure reflected in his quantifications, then those quantifications are indeed ill-suited for the purposes to which Prior puts them.
Collective movements, leadership and consensus costs at reunions in spotted hyaenas

Because collective movements have fitness consequences for all participants, group travel can impose conflicts of interest when group-mates vary. Challenges associated with coordinating activities of group-mates, such as during travel, may potentially be mitigated through the use of simple rules governing leadership and other behaviours to minimize conflict. Although individuals living in groups with fission–fusion dynamics may temporarily separate, leadership determination at subsequent reunions, and events occurring during reunions, are poorly understood. Here we investigate leadership during travel prior to reunions of spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, living in one large social group in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Whereas individuals often arrived at dens or joined hunting parties alone, those joining others to participate in group defence of shared resources typically did so when accompanied by group-mates. Although most hyaenas led processions, the attributes of members within each travelling party consistently predicted leadership roles. The highest-ranking adult within each travelling subgroup, often a lactating female, typically assumed the vanguard position prior to reunions. Reunions promoted conflict, particularly at kills. However, as predicted by the conflict mitigation hypothesis, individuals that greeted conspecifics were significantly less likely to fight at reunions than were hyaenas that failed to greet at reunions. Thus, whereas temporary separations may reduce immediate conflicts of interest in fission–fusion societies, hyaenas pay consensus costs at subsequent reunions, particularly in the context of feeding competition, and greetings appear to reduce such costs. Finally, we propose a novel scheme for leadership categorization in which leadership depends on whether or not leadership is based on specific attributes of individual group members. We apply this attribute-based framework to quantify the patterns and mechanisms of leadership during group travel for 52 species of mammals, including the spotted hyaenas studied here, and place findings in a broad evolutionary context.
The Disposition Effect: Trading Behavior and Pricing

Investor trading behavior is driven by a combination of preferences and beliefs. Behavioral phenomena predispose investors to sell their winners more frequently than their losers. Representativeness leads individual investors to be trend followers predicting continuation. This chapter describes the main empirical work that documents the disposition effect and describes how the disposition effect causes momentum in security markets. Although there are other explanations for the momentum effect, such as underreaction, the disposition effect alone appears to address why momentum tends to reverse itself at the turn-of-the-year. A series of psychological phenomena that present data consistent with the effect and that propose some testable hypotheses is also explained. The disposition effect is now one of the most, if not the most, studied behavioral patterns in finance. A literature on the disposition effect has developed to test the hypotheses and extend the focus of discussion from investor behavior to pricing and to trading volume. The present chapter surveys the evidence pertaining to the disposition effect. The disposition effect pertains to the combination of preferences and beliefs. Conditional on beliefs, the disposition effect indicates that behavioral preferences predispose investors to sell winners earlier and ride losers longer than occurs when preferences are neoclassical. To be sure, a strong belief in return reversals can also induce investors to sell winners quickly but delay selling losers.
Tourism Marketing to Ethnic Travelers1

Little research has been conducted on blacks as travelers and tourists, and what has been done is either anecdotal or is tied to black magazine readers who travel. This paper investigates whether differences exist in the travel motivations, activities, and travel group type of blacks and whites from a national sample of travelers in the U.S. population. Information from this study is intended to provide a basis for comparing the majority and minority traveling populations. There are sufficient differences between the two groups both in terms of the factors that push people to travel and in the activities that may pull the tourist to an area, to warrant different kinds of marketing action.
Hybrid rice achievements, development and prospect in China

Abstract This article reviews the history and progress of hybrid rice development. Hybrid rice research was initiated back in 1964, and commercialized in 1976. Three-line and two-line system hybrid rice were developed in 1974 and 1995, respectively. Research on super hybrid rice, which was first launched by Ministry of Agriculture, China in 1996, is discussed, and the great progress of super hybrid rice had been achieved with a new yield record by 15.4 t ha−1 in the 6.84 ha demonstration location in Xupu, Hunan Province, China in 2014. And the mechanism of heterosis, the techniques of hybrid seed production and the modern field managements in hybrid rice over the past decades are also discussed. Additionally, this article dealt with the intellectual property protection (IPR) and development of hybrid rice seed industry in China. Major factors that constrain hybrid rice development are analyzed and possible solutions to this problems are proposed. Finally, the authors present methods to further increase production yield, and propose an improvement for breeding super high-yielding hybrid rice based on these methods.
Vaginal vault evisceration after total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Background : Vaginal vault rupture with intestinal herniation, although rare, is a recognized postoperative complication of vaginal and abdominal hysterectomies. The incidence after laparoscopic hysterectomy is unknown. Cases : Three women, ages 40–43 years, presented to the emergency room with bleeding and pain 2–5 months after total laparoscopic hysterectomy. The small bowel was visible through the introitus or protruding into the vagina. Inspection of the bowel revealed no evidence of trauma. Two vaginal cuff repairs were completed transvaginally and one laparoscopically, all with interrupted sutures of no. 0 polydioxanone or polyglactin. In follow-up period of 12–17 months, the patients were doing well. Conclusion : Total laparoscopic hysterectomy may be associated with an increased risk of vaginal vault evisceration. Because laparoscopy increasingly is used to replace abdominal hysterectomy, it is important to be aware of this complication and its management.
Improving processes of care in patient-controlled analgesia: the impact of computerized order sets and acute pain service patient management.

Summary Background: In an effort to combat opioid induced side effects within the first 24 h of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) induction, it has been recommended that care be provided by an Acute Pain Treatment Service (APS) and that computerized PCA order sets with patient monitoring requirements be implemented. To date, there are few published studies on the role of computerized order sets or APS in improving the quality and safety of pediatric PCA use. This retrospective analysis sought to determine if the implementation of computerized order sets would increase appropriate monitoring and problem recognition. Methods: Analysis included 536 patients prescribed PCA in one of three ways: an anesthesia order set with APS support (n = 285), a general PCA order set (n = 95), or no order set (n = 156). We analyzed the use of order sets by unit; the incidence of appropriate monitoring (≥12 recordings within 24 h) of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and sedation level and the recognition of low respiration rate and low oxygen saturation between the types of PCA order. Results: We found a significant difference in type of PCA order used by unit. Appropriate documentation of respiratory rate and oxygen saturation occurred significantly more often if the order set with APS was used. Low respiration rate was also recognized significantly more frequently (P ≤ 05) in the APS order set group. Conclusions: These findings show that use of a computerized PCA order set with monitoring requirements and an APS can increase monitoring and documentation of important vital signs and increase identification of potential negative events.
Covert Action and American Foreign Policy: The Iran-Contra Operation

As various sectors of the American foreign policy establishment scramble to define a mission for themselves in the post-Cold War era, one tool of statecraft can expect particular scrutiny: covert action. Covert activities have been elements of American foreign policy since the founding of the nation. Benjamin Franklin himself participated in a covert operation to persuade Canada to join the American Revolution. However, since the end of World War II, when intelligence became an institutionalized member of the national security apparatus, covert action has been the stepchild of foreign policy, praised in victory and scourged in defeat. It has been the victim of a changing political atmosphere, from the "heyday" of covert action in the 1950s, to its vilification in the 1970s, and a brief resurgence in the 1980s. Facing a changing international environment in the 1990s, American policy makers and the American public must once again decide how (or if) covert action will be a part of US foreign policy.
Experience with holonic and agent-based control systems and their adoption by industry

Currently industrial automation systems are built using a hierarchical top-down approach, yielding tightly coupled and low flexibility systems. Holonic and intelligent agent-based industrial control systems have the potential to be much more highly robust and flexible systems with very loose coupling between subsystems. Despite this potential these systems are slow to be adopted by industry. This paper explores Rockwell Automation's current agent philosophy, application experience, the obstacles to widespread adoption of agent technology in industrial automation systems, and its recent activities to overcome some of the obstacles.
Transactional consistency and automatic management in an application data cache

Distributed in-memory application data caches like memcached are a popular solution for scaling database-driven web sites. These systems are easy to add to existing deployments, and increase performance significantly by reducing load on both the database and application servers. Unfortunately, such caches do not integrate well with the database or the application. They cannot maintain transactional consistency across the entire system, violating the isolation properties of the underlying database. They leave the application responsible for locating data in the cache and keeping it up to date, a frequent source of application complexity and programming errors.Addressing both of these problems, we introduce a transactional cache, TxCache, with a simple programming model. TxCache ensures that any data seen within a transaction, whether it comes from the cache or the database, reflects a slightly stale but consistent snapshot of the database. TxCache makes it easy to add caching to an application by simply designating functions as cacheable; it automatically caches their results, and invalidates the cached data as the underlying database changes. Our experiments found that adding TxCache increased the throughput of a web application by up to 5.2×, only slightly less than a non-transactional cache, showing that consistency does not have to come at the price of performance.
Learning to Coordinate Control Policies of Hybrid Systems

Hybrid control systems consist of a discrete event system (DES) supervising the behaviour of a continuous state system (CSS) through the issuance of logical control directives. This paper derives sufficient conditions on the DES/CSS interface which guarantee the existence of a supervisor which transitions the plant through an arbitrary sequence of commanded events. It is further demonstrated that this interface can be learned using an inductive inference protocol which converges after a finite number of updates.
Reflex human papillomavirus testing: leave the cytology interpretation alone.

See referenced original article on pages 191–7,this issue.Address for reprints: Diane D. Davey, M.D., De-partment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,MS 117, University of Kentucky Medical Center,800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536-0298; Fax:(859) 323-2094; E-mail: Ddavey@uky.eduReceived April 3, 2003; accepted April 4, 2003.
EARLY BLUE CRAB RECRUITMENT TO ALTERNATIVE NURSERY HABITATS IN MISSISSIPPI, USA

Abstract Although seagrass in the lower segments of estuaries provides good nursery habitat for blue crabs, the role of alternative inshore habitats for early blue crab recruitment is not well-known. Using suction sampling, we examined the recruitment dynamics of early blue crabs (Callinectes spp.) over a 10-wk study period at 7 sites representing potential nursery habitats, including 2 marsh edge sites, 2 subtidal unvegetated sites adjacent to salt marsh, 2 subtidal unvegetated sites adjacent to developed marsh, and 1 upestuary subtidal vegetated site. Abundances of small (<6.0 mm CW) and large (≥6.0 mm) juvenile crabs varied over the study period, mainly reflecting two monthly pulses of small crabs coinciding with the new moon phase. Early crabs were significantly more abundant from structured habitats than from subtidal unvegetated habitat; although small crabs were moderately abundant at subtidal unvegetated sites situated lower in the estuary. Large crabs were not abundant from subtidal unvegetated s...
Fascia lata urethrovesical suspension for recurrent stress urinary incontinence

Abstract Although the physiologic mechanisms of normal micturition in the female subject are not fully understood, it is generally believed that urinary continence is maintained by a competent urethrovesical neck. Unforturnately, the patient who has had multiple operations for recurrent stress urinary incontinence often has a urethra that is shortened and fixed in scar tissue. In such patients, anterior colporrhaphy with operative release of the periurethral fibrosis and plication of the endopelvic fascia to create a functionally more normal urethrovesical junction will increase the chances for good results. A fascia lata support of the proximal 1 to 2 cm of the urethra ensures continued elevation of the urethra and with stress the sling provides a pulling-up effect. Fifty patients with a suburethral sling procedure are presented in detail. Forty-seven of these patients had a total of 121 prior operative procedures for stress urinary incontinence. Urologic studies are outlined. Forty-two patients (84%) were continent postoperatively, five were improved, and three had failures. Operative technique and complications are discussed.
Color imaging arithmetic: physics ∪ math > physics + math

Color imaging devices for capture, display, and user interaction commonly form the physical interface by which we connect to the digital cyber-world. Because these devices bridge the physical and the electronic worlds, elegant and effective solutions to problems in color imaging can often be found by the synergistic combination of physical intuition with the mathematical tools of signal and image processing. In this paper, we support this claim using case studies drawn from our past research in color imaging. For each of the illustrative examples, we highlight how the blend of physical insight and mathematical modeling, offer in the combination, advantages significantly greater than would be estimated as the sum of the individual parts, thereby justifying the title for this paper.
Comparison of phycoerythrins (542, 566 nm) from cryptophycean algae

The phycoerythrins from Rhodomonas sp. strain 3-C and Cryptomonas ovata var. palustris were purified and partially characterized. The phycoerythrin from Rhodomonas had a single visible absorption maximum at 542 nm with a shoulder at approximately 562 nm and is, therefore, representative of cryptophyte type I phycoerythrin. The phycoerythrin from C. ovata var. palustris had a single absorption maximum at 566 nm and is, therefore, representative of cryptophyte type III phycoerythrin. Calibrated gel filtration chromatography showed that both of these phycoerythrins have a native molecular weight of 30 800 daltons. Calibrated sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis demonstrated that both pigments were composed of two subunits with apparent molecular weights of 17 700 and 11 000 daltons. On polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing both these phycoerythrins had an isoionic point of 4.90.
A comparison of five business philosophies

While the media and public opinion polls suggest that the state of business ethics is declining, surveys of corporate managers on the subject are less than conclusive. This study presents results of a survey of 487 adult, MBA, and undergraduate business students on the business philosophies of Machiavellianism, Darwinism, Objectivism, Relativism, and Universalism. The findings were consistent with earlier research which showed prospective managers to be less ethical than practicing ones and that women and those reporting a strong religious conviction tend to be more ethical. Explanations and several recommendations for improving the situation are offered.
Experimental Investigation of Air Vortex Interaction With Porous Screen

This study presents the experimental analysis of air flow vortex propagation through porous screens. Our research was conducted with a new and unique experimental setup for measuring and visualizing air vortex flow through porous media. A custom-made, high-precision vortex generator provided a variety of velocity profiles for vortex generation with an unprecedented level of precision. The flow field was captured with the use of a fog generator and a high-speed CCD camera. The porous screens were constructed out of acrylic rods with various orientations, thickness, and porosities from rod separation. The results presented in this paper show the effect of porosity and air injection velocity on the behavior of air flow (separation, accumulation), and the transport phenomena of vortex flow through porous screens.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Synthesis and characterization of novel mononuclear cadmium thiolate complexes in a sulfur-rich environment.

Four different well-defined cadmium monothiolate complexes of general formula (Tmp-Tol)CdSR (R = Bz, Ph, p-Tol, C6F5), where Tmp-Tol is the bulky tris(2-mercapto-1-p-tolylimidazolyl)borate ligand, have been readily synthesized in good yield. An X-ray structure of the phenylthiolate derivative confirmed the monomeric nature of the complexes and allowed the similarities in bond lengths and angles of the thione and thiolate donor groups to be verified at a single metal center.
Policy Gaps and Theory Gaps: Women And Migrant Domestic Labor

Abstract This contribution brings a feminist intersectionalities approach to bear on the so-called policy gap – when governments act in ways that undermine their own stated goals – with respect especially to immigration, but also to labor and family policy. Analyzing the increasingly large worldwide flows of women to do paid domestic work, the authors argue that policy gaps in receiving countries both feed on and are fed by inequalities of gender, race, class, and nationality, in ways that appear to pit some groups of women against others, but that ultimately disadvantage everyone. This study provides a feminist critique of the mainstream human capital theory explanation of migration, identifies several gaps within current feminist theory, and proposes some improved approaches.
Fermentation kinetics of ethanol production from glucose and xylose by recombinant Saccharomyces 1400(pLNH33)

Fermentation kinetics of ethanol production from glucose, xylose, and their mixtures using a recombinant Saccharomyces 1400(pLNH33) are reported. Single-substrate kinetics indicate that the specific growth rate of the yeast and the specific ethanol productivity on glucose as the substrate was greater than on xylose as a substrate. Ethanol yields from glucose and xylose fermentation were typically 95 and 80% of the theoretical yield, respectively. The effect of ethanol inhibition is more pronounced for xylose fermentation than for glucose fermentation. Studies on glucose-xylose mixtures indicate that the recombinant yeast co-ferments glucose and xylose. Fermentation of a 52.8 g/L glucose and 56.3 g/L xylose mixture gave an ethanol concentration of 47.9 g/L after 36 h. Based on a theoretical yield of 0.51 g ethanol/g sugars, the ethanol yield from this experiment (for data up to 24 h) was calculated to be 0.46 g ethanol/g sugar or 90% of the theoretical yield. The specific growth rate of the yeast on glucose-xylose mixtures was found to lie between the specific growth rate on glucose and the specific growth rate on xylose. Kinetic studies were used to develop a fermentation model incorporating the effects of substrate inhibition, product inhibition, and inoculum size. Good agreements were obtained between model predictions and experimental data from batch fermentation of glucose, xylose, and their mixtures.
Effects of Experience and Body Size on Refuge Choice in the Crayfish Orconectes immunis

ABSTRACT We investigated whether refuge size or experience with a refuge affected the refuge use of male Orconectes immunis crayfish. Individuals were given choices among seven refuges for 10 consecutive days. Refuges were formed from equal length but different diameter PVC pipe and placed in an array in a random sequence. Three treatments were used. In the Novel Refuge treatment, individuals were placed in a new test arena with a new arrangement of cleaned refuges every day. In the Nonremoval treatment, individuals were left in the same arena with the same set of refuges each day. In the Removal treatment, individuals were removed from the refuges each day but placed back in the same arena with the same set of refuges after the refuges had been cleaned. We found that refuge occupation was correlated with an individual's size; smaller crayfish tended to use smaller refuges than larger crayfish, even though all crayfish could fit in all of the different sized refuges. When first tested, individuals initial...
Basement membrane and connective tissue proteins in early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS.

Nearly one-third of all young homosexual men diagnosed as having acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop a disseminated form of dermal Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Although the histogenesis of KS cells is unclear, certain evidence suggests that the aberrant cells are of endothelial derivation. We have examined the presence and distribution of connective tissue-specific and basement membrane-specific macromolecules by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections in early cutaneous lesions of KS from individuals with AIDS. The KS cells typically line the spaces between collagen bundles of the reticular dermis. When stained for the connective tissue-specific glycoprotein fibronectin, all Kaposi's sarcoma lesions showed an intense staining pattern, revealing a complex array of linear deposits of antigen that outlined the exterior surface of the collagen bundles. Antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen, both basement membrane- specific macromolecules, produced an intense staining pattern similar to that found with the anti-fibronectin antiserum, indicating that all 3 antigens are closely codistributed. In contrast, antibodies to type I collagen, the major collagen of the dermis, uniformly stained the collagen bundles in the KS lesions and in the normal control skin. Antiserum to factor VIII-associated antigen, an antigen specific to blood vascular endothelium, frequently stained the KS lesions but the staining pattern was diffuse and of variable intensity. The results suggest that KS cells are derived from the endothelium of the blood microvasculature and maintain their secretory phenotype of secreting basement membrane-specific macromolecules.
Plasmonic nanocavity organic solar cells with highly enhanced power conversion efficiency, broad-band, and omni-acceptance

We report further experimental study and demonstration of the new ultra-thin high-efficiency organic solar cell (SC) structure, termed “plasmonic cavity with subwavelength hole-array (PlaCSH) solar cell”. A PlaCSH-SC comprises a 30 nm thick transparent metal-mesh electrode with subwavelength hole-array (MESH), a metal back electrode, and in-between a polymer photovoltaic active layer of 60–85 nm thick. The PlaCSH structure was implemented into three different types of PV active material systems (P3HT/PCBM, PCDTBT/PCBM, and PTB7/PCBM), and all of them achieved an average light absorptance over 90%, a broad-band (>500nm), and a omni acceptance (the acceptance nearly independent of light incident angle and polarization); leading to photo-current (Jsc) and standard-solar-irradiation power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21–41% and 17–52%, respectively, higher than the reference ITO-SC (the same structure except the MESH of PlaCSH-SC replaced by ITO). In PlaCSH-SCs, the PCDTBT/PCBM gives the highest Voc (0.86V) and PTB7/PCBM gives the highest Jsc (15.6mA/cm2). These findings further demonstrate that PlaCSH is a universal structure that can enhance solar cell performances in a broad range of active materials, and should be applicable to thin solar cells in many other materials.
Fast dual ring queues

In this paper, we introduce two new FIFO dual queues. Like all dual queues, they arrange for dequeue operations to block when the queue is empty, and to complete in the original order when data becomes available. Compared to alternatives in which dequeues on an empty queue return an error code and force the caller to retry, dual queues provide a valuable guarantee of fairness. Our algorithms, based on the LCRQ of Morrison and Afek, outperform existing dual queues - notably the one in java.util.concurrent - by a factor of four to six. For both of our algorithms, we present extensions that guarantee lock freedom, albeit at some cost in performance.
Spectroscopic properties of in vivo biological systems: boson radiative equilibrium with steady-state nonequilibrium molecular systems.

An analysis of the boson (phonon and photon) distribution in the presence of a steady-state, nonequilibrium molecular subsystem is presented, providing thermodynamic criteria for the boson chemical-potential term, the generalized vibrational emissivity function, and the Bose type of condensation predicted by Frohlich.
SU-FF-T-27: A Multi-Vendor Compatible Respiratory Motion Visualization Device for Use with Kilovoltage Imaging, the ``Hubie''

Purpose: Creation of a simple robust tool to use in conjunction with onboard fluoroscopic imaging of the patient in treatment position that will allow daily review of target motion relative to the expected motion used to plan treatment. This tool is needed to circumvent software incompatibilities in a multi‐vendor environment. Method and Materials: The procedure creates a radio‐opaque outline of the treatment aperture and physically attaches it the kV detectorsurface so as to project the aperture on subseuent fluoroscopic images. The patients need to have a treatment target that is visible on fluoroscopy or have an implanted radiopaque fiducial marker. A DRR is printed showing the planned tumor or fiducial range of motion as a projected structure outline. The outline will be used to evaluate the absolute position of the tumor or marker relative to the intended location. The motion range is outlined with a radiopaque wire, and 5 wire crosses are placed for alignment and scale verification. The wired DRR is attached to the kV detector and the patient is imaged with fluoroscopy; displaying the expected motion range (wire outline) against the projected tumor or fiducial marker motion. The wire outline position and scale are checked against a virtual reticule. Results: Using the methods described above it is possible to visualize a moving target just prior to treatment as well as the treatment location. Care must be taken to ensure not only accurate placement of the outline but also that the correct structure is outlined for the current patient. Conclusion: The procedure outlined here creates a flexible process that is non machine, software or manufacturer dependant. The procedure is sensitive to user error and is dependant on the manufacturing and placement accuracy of the device.
Internet-delivered physical activity intervention for college students with mental health disorders: a randomized pilot trial.

The prevalence of mental health disorders among college students is rising and the increasing rates of anxiety and depression have important societal implications. Physical activity has been proposed as an adjuvant to traditional treatment approaches (i.e. psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy), and the internet is a potentially useful means of delivering physical activity information to the college-aged population. This randomized pilot trial examined the effects of an internet-based physical activity intervention on physical activity, self-efficacy, depression, and anxiety in college students (n = 47) receiving mental health counseling. Physical activity, depression, anxiety, exercise self-efficacy, and barriers self-efficacy were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. There was a significant time effect for physical activity, with both groups increasing their physical activity levels across the 10-week intervention but with a larger increase in the intervention condition (d = 0.68) than the control con...
Presence of calbindin and lack of parvalbumin in progesterone receptor-containing neurons of the monkey mediobasal hypothalamus.

Abstract All of the progesterone receptor-containing cells of the monkey hypothalamus are GABAergic. The aim of this study was to further characterize these GABAergic progesterone receptor-containing neurons based on their calbindin or parvalbumin content. These calcium-binding proteins are characteristic markers of different populations of GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system. Double-immunolabeling for progesterone receptor and either calbindin or parvalbumin was performed on hypothalamic Vibratome sections of estrogen primed African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Progesterone receptor-containing calbindin-immunoreactive neurons were observed in the ventromedial and periventricular areas of the hypothalamus. Forty-one per cent of the progesterone receptor-containing cells in this area were calbindin immunopositive. No double-immunolabeled neurons could be detected in the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus. In tissue double-immunolabeled for progesterone receptor and parvalbumin, none of the progesterone receptor-containing neurons exhibited immunoreactivity for parvalbumin. Electron microscopic double-immunostaining for progesterone receptor and calbindin confirmed the light microscopic results. Furthermore, a large number of asymmetric synaptic contacts were observed on the calbindin-immunoreactive neurons. These observations demonstrate that progesterone receptor-containing cells in the monkey mediobasal hypothalamus consist of at least two different types of GABA neurons and indicate that progesterone receptor-containing calbindin cells may be postsynaptic targets of excitatory fibers.
Activation of Cancer Cell Proteases and Cytotoxicity by EGF and PDGF Growth Factors

The biological effects of EGF and PDGF growth factors on A172 and hEGFr-3T3 cell lines were studied using RBC induced cytolysis and polyacrylamide-gelatin gel electrophoresis assays. The authors report that growth factor-induced cytotoxicity in these cells is mediated by proteolytic enzymes. Treatment of A172 cells with either EGF or PDGF resulted in marked increase of their cytotoxicity (Release Index = 150%). Similarly, RBC induced release index by hEGFr-3T3 cells was elevated to 420% in the presence of 3.4 pM of EGF. However, in A172 cells, PDGF did not have a significant effect on DNA and protein synthesis indicating that stimulation of proteolytic activity is independent of the growth factor signaling pathway. Growth factor induced cytotoxicity was significantly reduced by protease inhibitors in both cell lines. Using EDTA and leupeptin several proteolytic species were identified and localized to cellular membranes as evidenced by polyacrylamide-gelatin electrophoresis assay. These data suggest that growth factors regulate the activation or secretion of proteolytic enzymes in cancer cells and may mediate the invasive and metastatic behavior of these cells.
Translational Control of FOG-2 Expression in Cardiomyocytes by MicroRNA-130a

MicroRNAs are increasingly being recognized as regulators of embryonic development; however, relatively few microRNAs have been identified to regulate cardiac development. FOG-2 (also known as zfpm2) is a transcriptional co-factor that we have previously shown is critical for cardiac development. In this report, we demonstrate that FOG-2 expression is controlled at the translational level by microRNA-130a. We identified a conserved region in the FOG-2 3′ untranslated region predicted to be a target for miR-130a. To test the functional significance of this site, we generated an expression construct containing the luciferase coding region fused with the 3′ untranslated region of FOG-2 or a mutant version lacking this microRNA binding site. When these constructs were transfected into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (which are known to express miR-130a), we observed a 3.3-fold increase in translational efficiency when the microRNA target site was disrupted. Moreover, knockdown of miR-130a in fibroblasts resulted in a 3.6-fold increase in translational efficiency. We also demonstrate that cardiomyocytes express miR-130a and can attenuate translation of mRNAs with a FOG-2 3′ untranslated region. Finally, we generated transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte over-expression of miR-130a. In the hearts of these mice, FOG-2 protein levels were reduced by as much as 80%. Histological analysis of transgenic embryos revealed ventricular wall hypoplasia and ventricular septal defects, similar to that seen in FOG-2 deficient hearts. These results demonstrate the importance of miR-130a for the regulation of FOG-2 protein expression and suggest that miR-130a may also play a role in the regulation of cardiac development.
Popularity as a predictor of early alcohol use and moderator of other risk processes.

Objective:This study tested the relationship between popularity and early adolescent alcohol use and examined whether popularity moderated the influence of several risk processes.Method:Longitudinal data provided by 1,196 youth (590 girls) were analyzed to assess main and interactive effects of popularity, friends’ alcohol use attitudes, own alcohol use attitude, risk taking, and aggressive–disruptive behavior on changes in alcohol use during seventh grade.Results:When we controlled for demographic variables and baseline alcohol use, popularity and the other predictors of interest exhibited linear main effects on alcohol use, with popularity and the attitude variables also demonstrating curvilinear relationships. Further analysis indicated that popularity moderated the effect of aggressive–disruptive behavior, the latter being associated with greater alcohol use among more popular adolescents. Additional moderation results revealed that friends’ favorable attitudes toward alcohol use also potentiated aggr...
An experimental determination of the thermodynamic properties of H2O-CO2-NaCl fluids at high pressures and temperatures

Abstract Understanding the role of fluids in geological processes requires a knowledge of the mixing properties of common geological fluids. A technique for experimentally determining activity coefficients for H2O in fluid mixtures at pressures and temperatures accessible to the internally heated pressure vessel (10 kbar, 1100°C) is presented which uses a new fH2O buffer. The fH2O buffer involves the simultaneous control of fO2 (with Ni NiO ) and fH2 (with a hydrogen membrane), thereby buffering fH2O (or equivalently, aH2O through the reaction H 2 + 1 2 O 2 = H 2 O . After quenching the run, the sample is analyzed to determine the XH2O and, thus, the activity-composition relation for H2O (aH2O-XH2O). Reversals are obtained by simultaneously running capsules loaded with low and high XH2O, thereby allowing the equilibrium XH2O to be approached from both directions. Several experimental problems encountered during this study and their implications for the precise control of fH2 in hydrothermal experiments are discussed. Data were collected primarily in the H2O-CO2 system at 2 kbars, 550–850°C, and at 4 kbars, 650°C. At those conditions, the H2O-CO2 system generally shows small positive deviations from ideality. These results are in good agreement with the predictions of the MRK equation of state of Hollway (1977) at low T (T = 550°C) and are in good agreement with the predictions of the MRK equation of state of Kerrick And jacobs (1981) at higher temperatures. At two conditions (2 kbar, 750°C; 4 kbar, 650°C), negative deviations from ideality are indicated at high XH2O. Some data were also collected in the H2O-NaCl and H2O-CO2-NaCl systems. In the former, H2O shows small positive deviations from ideality at 2 kbars, 850°C, which increase with decreasing XH2O. In the H2O-CO2-NaCl system, isofugacity lines for H2O were measured. In the two-phase region, these lines represent tie lines and, thus can be used to constrain the phase relations in the system.
When Senators and Publics Meet at the Environmental Protection Subcommittee

The hearings of the Senate Environmental Protection Subcommittee on reauthorizing the Clean Air Act of 1987 are analyzed and contrasted with Senate hearings of other committees to show how these hearings fit into the societal debate on clean air. The discourse of the hearings is analyzed by examining the language of the talk and by analyzing the style of argument. The discourse in these hearings is shown to be distinctive by comparing it with other hearings. The argument of the paper is that this distinctiveness is the result of the type of communication possible in electronic/mass media communication.
Wide band random vibration of an equilateral triangular plate

Abstract The distribution of mean-square velocity response over a lightly damped uniform plate excited at a point by a wide-band random force tends to be more or less uniform except in certain special zones or lanes of intensified or decreased response. The locations of these zones depend on the symmetry of the plate shape and on the position of the driving-point. In the case of an equilateral triangular plate there is intensified response along a median whenever the driving-point lies on that median. When the driving-point is at the centroid of the triangle there is intensified response along all three medians with a localized concentration at the driving-point. It is shown that the driving point intensification ratio increases slowly, but without limit, as the excitation bandwidth increases due to the increasing multiplicity of the higher-frequency plate resonances. Quantitative estimates for the driving-point response are obtained from a computer evaluation of the multiplicities of the first 32 000 resonances and from an asymptotic approximation based on the theory of numbers.
Private school versus public school achievement: Are there findings that should affect the educational choice debate?

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine whether existing research allows us to answer a crucial question: are student achievement differences between public and private schools large enough and certain enough to be of relevance to policymakers considering choice proposals. To do this, I analyze research based on the High School and Beyond study. The argument of this paper is that there is little substantive evidence in this research that has policy relevance for educational choice. Specifically I argue that any differences in achievement between public and private schools that are statistically significant after properly modeling achievement gains are trivial in size and highly uncertain. I conclude by questioning whether High School and Beyond , or research similarly structured, will ever answer the question of whether public or private schools produce greater student achievement.
Status Update on Organic Blueberries in Michigan

The Great Lakes Region is an important region of blueberry production in the U.S., producing 30% of the annual U.S. production. In Michigan, blueberry acreage increased from 17,724 acres on 590 far...