cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Bromodomain of Gcn5 Regulates Site Specificity of Lysine Acetylation on Histone H3

In yeast, the conserved histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 associates with Ada2 and Ada3 to form the catalytic module of the ADA and SAGA transcriptional coactivator complexes. Gcn5 also contains an acetyl-lysine binding bromodomain that has been implicated in regulating nucleosomal acetylation in vitro, as well as at gene promoters in cells. However, the contribution of the Gcn5 bromodomain in regulating site specificity of HAT activity remains unclear. Here, we used a combined acid-urea gel and quantitative mass spectrometry approach to compare the HAT activity of wild-type and Gcn5 bromodomain-mutant ADA subcomplexes (Gcn5-Ada2-Ada3). Wild-type ADA subcomplex acetylated H3 lysines with the following specificity; H3K14 > H3K23 > H3K9 ≈ H3K18 > H3K27 > H3K36. However, when the Gcn5 bromodomain was defective in acetyl-lysine binding, the ADA subcomplex demonstrated altered site-specific acetylation on free and nucleosomal H3, with H3K18ac being the most severely diminished. H3K18ac was also severely diminished on H3K14R, but not H3K23R, substrates in wild-type HAT reactions, further suggesting that Gcn5-catalyzed acetylation of H3K14 and bromodomain binding to H3K14ac are important steps preceding H3K18ac. In sum, this work details a previously uncharacterized cross-talk between the Gcn5 bromodomain "reader" function and enzymatic HAT activity that might ultimately affect gene expression. Future studies of how mutations in bromodomains or other histone post-translational modification readers can affect chromatin-templated enzymatic activities will yield unprecedented insight into a potential "histone/epigenetic code." MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001167.
Multiobjective Algebraic Synthesis of Neural Control Systems by Implicit Model Following

The advantages brought about by using classical linear control theory in conjunction with neural approximators have long been recognized in the literature. In particular, using linear controllers to obtain the starting neural control design has been shown to be a key step for the successful development and implementation of adaptive-critic neural controllers. Despite their adaptive capabilities, neural controllers are often criticized for not providing the same performance and stability guarantees as classical linear designs. Therefore, this paper develops an algebraic synthesis procedure for designing dynamic output-feedback neural controllers that are closed-loop stable and meet the same performance objectives as any classical linear design. The performance synthesis problem is addressed by deriving implicit model-following algebraic relationships between model matrices, obtained from the classical design, and the neural control parameters. Additional linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) conditions for closed-loop exponential stability of the neural controller are derived using existing integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) for operators with repeated slope-restricted nonlinearities. The approach is demonstrated by designing a recurrent neural network controller for a highly maneuverable tailfin-controlled missile that meets multiple design objectives, including pole placement for transient tuning, H infin and H 2 performance in the presence of parameter uncertainty, and command-input tracking.
Multinucleation is an objective feature useful in the diagnosis of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ.

Objectives Bi- and multinucleated (B/M) cells are present in a variety of tumors. We evaluated lobular carcinoma in situ (classic and pleomorphic types) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to determine if this objective morphologic feature aids the differential diagnosis. Methods The number of B/M cells was recorded in pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) (n = 20), classic lobular carcinoma in situ (CLCIS) (n = 26), and DCIS (n = 37). Results Binucleated cells were significantly more frequent in PLCIS (100%) vs DCIS (43%; P < .0001) and CLCIS (54%; P = .0004). Multinucleated cells were present in 25% of PLCIS cases and 8% of DCIS cases, and they were absent in CLCIS. The quantity of B/M per high-power field (hpf) was less in DCIS (mean, 1.1) and CLCIS (mean, 2.5) compared with PLCIS (mean, 5.8). Thirty-five percent of PLCIS cases had more than five B/M per hpf. Conclusions Binucleated cells are significantly more frequent in PLCIS vs CLCIS and DCIS. Multinucleated cells were never identified in CLCIS. PLCIS should be considered as a diagnosis when B/M is noted.
Mössbauer effect in 231Pa

Abstract The Mossbauer effect was observed with the 84·2 keV gamma ray of 231Pa, following beta decay of 25·5 hr 231Th. In experiments at 4·2°K using ThO2 sources, resonance absorption was detected with absorbers of both 231PaO5 and 231PaO2. In each case, the resonance was broad and unresolved, with the maximum absorption dip ∼ 0·1 per cent (uncorrected for background). The spectra show no discernible isomer shift between the valence states of protactinium.
Reasonable doubt definition effects on judged guilt: moderation by need for cognition and mediation by changes in required and felt certainty

Mock-jurors read a criminal-trial transcript in which the judge defined “beyond reasonable doubt” with either a stringent (even small doubts require acquittal) or lax (having some doubt does not require acquittal) guilt criterion. Across three experiments, guilty verdict preferences were less likely when the criterion was stringent. A stringent criterion also was associated with higher reported certainty required to vote guilty and lower certainty in the preferred verdict. These two variables mediated the influence of definition on verdict preferences in an analysis that included data from all experiments. Perceived strength of evidence was unaffected by definition. Need for cognition (NC) moderated the definition effect on verdict preferences in all experiments. High-NC mock-jurors were strongly influenced by the definition; the influence on low-NC mock-jurors was minimal.
Source characterization and fault plane determination for MbLg = 1.2 to 4.4 earthquakes in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone, Quebec, Canada

Two earthquake doublets and two multiplets recorded by the Charlevoix Telemetered Network (CLTN) in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone (CSZ) of southern Quebec, Canada, have been analyzed using an empirical Green's function (EGF) method to derive the relative source time functions (RSTF's) of seven master events with MbLg = 1.2 to 4.4. We identified the doublets and multiplets using a waveform cross-correlation and relative event location technique to verify that each earthquake pair had similar focal mechanisms and hypocentral locations. Three-component S waveforms recorded by the high dynamic range (126 dB) instrumentation of the CLTN were used to extract the RSTF's. The RSTF's reveal that six of the seven events are simple with single-source pulses having durations of 0.05 to 0.2 sec. Another earthquake (920310-0545, M 3.3) appears to be a double event with two episodes of rupturing. Azimuthal variations of the RSTF pulse amplitudes and widths provide strong evidence for the rupture directivities of five of the earthquakes ( M = 1.2 to 4.4). The azimuthal variations in the RSTF pulse amplitudes were used to estimate the rupture directions and rupture velocities. Lower-bound estimates of the rupture velocity range from 0.5 to 0.7 Vs . Estimates of the rupture direction were combined with P -wave focal mechanisms for the four largest events ( M 3.3 to 4.4) to identify the fault plane for these earthquakes. Source parameters were measured for the RSTF's of the master events, including seismic moments of 3.5 × 1018 to 5.3 × 1021 dyne-cm, fault radii of 100 to 330 m, and static stress drops of 2 to 90 bars. The fault radii and stress-drop estimates for M > 3 events agree well with estimates obtained by other researchers for M ∼ 3 to 4.5 earthquakes in the CSZ. We also observed apparent scaling between the stress drop and the earthquake size, which has been reported in other studies of stress drop in northeastern North America.
Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 (SATB2) expression is sensitive but may not be specific for osteosarcoma as compared with other high‐grade primary bone sarcomas

Aims The diagnosis of osteosarcoma, although important for eligibility in clinical trials and proper therapy, may be challenging when no bone or osteoid matrix is identified on biopsy. Therefore, other adjunct tests have been sought to help confirm the diagnosis. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) has been shown as a reliable marker of osteoblastic differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine SATB2 expression in osteosarcomas and other primary bone sarcomas, in order to evaluate its diagnostic utility in discriminating osteogenic from non-osteogenic sarcomas. Methods and results Forty-eight pretreated osteosarcoma biopsies, including 26 whole-section cases and 22 tumours on tissue microarrays, and 36 non-osteogenic bone sarcomas were evaluated. Forty-five of 48 (94%) osteosarcomas showed nuclear immunoreactivity for SATB2 (all whole-slide sections showed expression). Positive SATB2 expression was observed in 11 of 22 (50%) undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPSs), and in five of 11 (45%) fibrosarcomas; expression was absent in two pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas and in the one leiomyosarcoma. The sensitivity of SATB2 for osteosarcoma was 94%, and the specificity was 55%. Stronger-intensity staining was observed in osteosarcoma (P < 0.0001). Conclusions SATB2 is a sensitive marker for osteosarcoma; however, it is not specific, with expression being observed in other high-grade primary bone sarcomas. Intriguingly, the lack of specificity may suggest that the undifferentiated sarcomas (UPSs and fibrosarcomas) with SATB2 expression actually represent osteosarcomas that produce too little matrix to be detected with routine sampling or consist of osteoblast precursors that do not synthesize matrix.
Sharing Information Promoting Unhealthy Behavior through Social Media: Examination of the Users and the Content Using the Case of Pro-Anorexia in Tumblr

Social media provides a place where individuals obtain health information and share social support. Previous literature, however, has suggested that social media may promote harm when users share information advocating unhealthy behaviors. By focusing on online discourse around pro-anorexia content on Tumblr (the promotion of behaviors related to the eating disorder based on a lifestyle view that being extremely thin is beautiful), this study aims to look at how information about the pro-anorexia perspective is circulated among social media users and the way in which such users can be characterized. Specifically, we plan to analyze the content and examine the shared characteristics of the users who are exposed to similar social media content and have a desire to share it.
Degree of Perfection and Pattern Uniformity in the Directed Assembly of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymer on Chemically Patterned Surfaces

Thin films of cylinder-forming polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) were self-assembled on two sets of surfaces homogeneously covered with random copolymer brush comp...
Superlinear Composition-Dependent Photocurrent in CVD-Grown Monolayer MoS2(1–x)Se2x Alloy Devices

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a new class of two-dimensional materials that are promising for electronics and photonics. To date, optoelectronic measurements in these materials have shown the conventional behavior expected from photoconductors such as a linear or sublinear dependence of the photocurrent on light intensity. Here, we report the observation of a new regime of operation where the photocurrent depends superlinearly on light intensity. We use spatially resolved photocurrent measurements on devices consisting of CVD-grown monolayers of TMD alloys spanning MoS2 to MoSe2 to show the photoconductive nature of the photoresponse, with the photocurrent dominated by recombination and field-induced carrier separation in the channel. Time-dependent photoconductivity measurements show the presence of persistent photoconductivity for the S-rich alloys, while photocurrent measurements at fixed wavelength for devices of different alloy compositions show a systematic decrease of the ...
Real-Time Manganese Phase Dynamics during Biological and Abiotic Manganese Oxide Reduction.

Manganese oxides are often highly reactive and easily reduced, both abiotically, by a variety of inorganic chemical species, and biologically during anaerobic respiration by microbes. To evaluate the reaction mechanisms of these different reduction routes and their potential lasting products, we measured the sequence progression of microbial manganese(IV) oxide reduction mediated by chemical species (sulfide and ferrous iron) and the common metal-reducing microbe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under several endmember conditions, using synchrotron X-ray spectroscopic measurements complemented by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy on precipitates collected throughout the reaction. Crystalline or potentially long-lived phases produced in these experiments included manganese(II)-phosphate, manganese(II)-carbonate, and manganese(III)-oxyhydroxides. Major controls on the formation of these discrete phases were alkalinity production and solution conditions such as inorganic carbon and phosphate availability. The formation of a long-lived Mn(III) oxide appears to depend on aqueous Mn2+ production and the relative proportion of electron donors and electron acceptors in the system. These real-time measurements identify mineralogical products during Mn(IV) oxide reduction, contribute to understanding the mechanism of various Mn(IV) oxide reduction pathways, and assist in interpreting the processes occurring actively in manganese-rich environments and recorded in the geologic record of manganese-rich strata.
Radiation safety for anesthesiologists.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent literature on the implications of occupational radiation exposure in anesthesia practice. RECENT FINDINGS Wide variation and lack of reduction in operator doses of medical radiation strongly suggests that more attention must be paid to the factors influencing radiation dose exposure. The eye is likely the most sensitive organ for radiation injury. Radiation-related cataract formation might be a stochastic effect. Operators are strongly advised to use eye protection at all times. Safe medical radiation ophthalmic dose limits are currently under review and are likely to be lowered. Current data do not suggest a significant risk to the fetus for pregnant women working in the interventional radiology suite as long as proper monitoring and radiation safety measures are implemented. SUMMARY Radiation is increasingly utilized in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Anesthesia providers may become exposed to unsafe doses while providing high-quality patient care. Understanding of the physical principles, the sources of radiation exposure, the potential risks, and safe practices helps to minimize the exposure risk and its potential deleterious effects to the anesthesia team.
What predicts romantic relationship satisfaction and mate retention intensity: mate preference fulfillment or mate value discrepancies?

Abstract We test a novel evolutionary hypothesis predicting that mate value discrepancies, but not mate preference fulfillment, will regulate relationship satisfaction. Across Study 1 ( n =259) and Study 2 ( n =300), we employed new Euclidean measures able to capture preference fulfillment and compute estimates of mate value discrepancies. Relationship satisfaction was not related to how well mates fulfilled their partner's preferences. Mate value discrepancies, in contrast, interacted to predict relationship satisfaction: relationship satisfaction declined for participants whose mates were less desirable than their alternatives, but only for participants who were higher in mate value than their mates. Additionally, these satisfaction differences mediated a relationship between mate value discrepancies and mate retention behavior. This mediation pathway is unique to satisfaction; the same pathway was not observed through trust, a functionally distinct relationship affective state. Study 3 ( n =301) addressed a methodological limitation of Studies 1 and 2. We replicated the mate value discrepancy interaction to predict relationship satisfaction, but found an effect of ideal preference fulfillment on relationship satisfaction. These results provide evidence that mate preferences have important, functionally specific effects on within-relationship processes through contributing to two independent discrepancy variables: partner–self and partner-potential mate value discrepancies. They also largely contravene the hypothesis that mate preference fulfillment is the key to relationship satisfaction.
Succour to the Confused Deputy - Types for Capabilities.

The possession of secrets is a recurrent theme in security literature and practice. We present a refinement type system, based on indexed intuitonist S4 necessity, for an object calculus with explicit locations (corresponding to principals) to control the principals that may possess a secret. Type safety ensures that if the execution of a well-typed program leads to a configuration with an object p located at principal a, then a possesses the capability to p. We illustrate the type system with simple examples drawn from web applications, including an illustration of how Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities may manifest themselves as absurd refinements on object declarations during type checking. A fuller version of the paper is available at fpl.cs.depaul.edu/jriely/papers/ 2012-aplas.pdf.
Preparation and metatranscriptomic analyses of host-microbe systems.

Abstract Metatranscriptomics has increased our working knowledge of the functional significance and genetic variability of microbial communities, yet there is still limited information concerning how gene expression and regulation in a microbiome influences interactions with a host organism. During a pathogenic infection, eukaryotic organisms are subject to invasion by bacteria and other agents, or these “pathogens” can switch from a commensal to pathogenic trophic relationship with the host. Understanding how these trophic relationships initiate and persist in the host requires deciphering the functional response of the host and the microbiome, so-called Dual RNA-Seq. This technique is both fast and relatively cheap compared to proteomics and metabolomics and provides information on the potential functional interactions that occur between microbes, and with the host. These metatranscriptomic analyses can also be coupled with metagenomic analyses and statistical models to provide an in-depth approach to systems biology. In this chapter, we detail a standardized method to process and analyze host-associated microbial metatranscriptomes independent of the associated host.
Policy, Performance, and Structural Change in the 1930s

The first decade after the First World War brought about further resource shifts in the major Latin American economies in the direction of structural change, industrialization, and diversification of the nonexport economy. In addition, financial and monetary systems were overhauled in many republics – prompted in some cases by the missions led by E. W. Kemmerer – as governments returned to exchange-rate orthodoxy and the gold standard in the postwar years. Without exception, however, economic performance remained heavily dependent on the fortunes of the export sector. By the end of the 1920s (see Table 7.1), exports still accounted for a high proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP), and the openness of the economy – measured by the ratio of the sum of exports and imports to GDP – varied from nearly 40 percent in Brazil to more than 100 percent in Costa Rica. Structural change in the 1920s brought no diversification within the export sector. On the contrary, the composition of exports by the end of the decade was very similar to what it had been on the eve of the First World War, with a high degree of concentration. The three leading export products accounted for at least 50 percent of foreign-exchange earnings in all republics, and one product accounted for more than 50 percent of exports in ten countries (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Venezuela). Virtually all export earnings came from primary products, and nearly 70 percent of external trade was conducted with only four countries (United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany).
Hydrology of Spray-Runoff Wastwater Treatment

Liquid measuring procedures used in a 12-month study of the hydrology of the soil treatment system at Campbell Soup Company's Paris, Texas plant accounted for 93% of the total liquid applied to the soil. The rainfall and wastewater applied to the soil system are accounted for as follows: 18% is lost to the atmosphere through evaporative processes; 61% is recovered as runoff; and 21% percolates through the soil. The fraction of the treated wastewater recovered as runoff ranges from a low of 30% to a high of 85%. This range in the percent runoff is influenced by climate, soil textural class, and wastewater spray schedules. Wastewater spray schedules are controlled to partially offset variations in the percent runoff which would normally occur as the result of climatic influences.
Choice with concurrent interval schedules of reinforcement: the effects of different timing procedures

Using a Findley changeover procedure, two groups of rats were exposed to various concurrent variable-time (VT) schedules of milk presentation. The rules governing the operation of the timers for the stimulus events differed for the two groups with resulting differences in the overall degree of changeover responding but not with respect to time allocation measures, which in both cases consisted of undermatching. When an interrupted VT reinforcement timer was reset upon re-entry of that component, the rats tended to emit changeover responses almost exclusively to the more favorable component. When the VT reinforcement timers were left running regardless of which components the rats selected, changeover responses were significantly more frequent and equally distributed among both the more and less favorable components. In comparing the present results with those from a similar procedure in which shock was used (Deluty & Church, 1978), it is apparent that what is basic to choice in concurrent interval schedules is not matching or some mathematical variation of it. Instead, it is a tendency to optimize on the basis of the favorability of the stimulus events and the contingencies regarding how those events are timed and administered.
Probing the two Higgs doublet wedge region with charged Higgs boson decays to boosted jets

Two Higgs doublet extensions of the standard model, such as supersymmetry, predict the existence of charged Higgs bosons. We explore the reach for TeV-scale charged Higgs bosons through their associated production with top quarks, and their decay to boosted top jets and $\mu_x$ tagged boosted bottom jets, at a 14 TeV CERN Large Hadron Collider and at a 100 TeV Future Circular Collider. In particular, we show the moderate $\tan\beta$ "wedge" region of parameter space cannot be probed at the Large Hadron Collider for TeV-scale $H^\pm$ because the cross section is too small. However, a 100 TeV future proton collider can close the wedge region below 2 TeV, and search for $H^\pm$ up to 6 TeV.
Wideband fingerprint demodulation via bi-dimensional multirate frequency transformations

In prior work, the AM-FM signal model coupled with dominant component analysis has been used for fingerprint extraction for eventual fingerprint recognition. In earlier work by the authors, multirate frequency transformations were employed to transform wideband signals into narrowband signals to effect wideband AM-FM demodulation of both 1D and 2D signals. In this paper, we apply the 2D, wideband AM-FM energy-based demodulation approach towards AM-FM feature extraction and recognition. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
The Chronology of Polymers

In this chapter more than 30 common polymers are listed chronologically, with their country of origin, date of first manufacture and with their chemical structures. Notes on each are recorded briefly.
German for Specific Purposes in the Basic Language Sequence: A Case Study in Implementation during Curricular Reform

This article seeks to answer calls in the field to implement German for Specific Purposes in the basic language sequence. The article follows a program's curricular redesign transitioning from “German” to a “German Studies” major and what this means at the beginning and intermediate levels. The first four semesters follow a restructuring through the framework of Maxim et al.'s model (2013) for curriculum reform and Doyle's (2012) articulation for Business Language theory, method, and methodology. It seeks to engage in the ongoing conversation about how to reorganize curriculum, while retaining the critical skills of cultural understanding and analysis of basic business practices and company profiles. Using real-world examples, technology, and materials, instructors will help motivate and retain students while distinguishing students on the job market. This article explores the current Business Language theory, method, and methodology, how this fits in early stages of language learning, and provides tangible examples from the beginning and intermediate levels.
Indoor radon: a case study in risk communication.

Two key questions have influenced the development and implementation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program to reduce the public health risks of indoor radon gas; the answers may also apply to other preventive health care programs. First, how can we best communicate risk? Risk communication research indicates that simple message, persuasion, and prescriptive guidance will best encourage citizens to protect themselves from voluntary risks (within the control of the individual), such as radon. However, scientists expect technical information, logical and unemotional appeals, and detailed explanations of uncertainty. An appropriate balance between the persuasive and the technical will encourage public action and assuage the scientific community. Second, what environmental health care problems should we focus on? Public concern with involuntary risks imposed by an external force, such as hazardous waste dumps, drive our environmental health agenda. Consequently, because government decision-makers respond to public perceptions and pressures, which they frequently support, the largest fraction of the government’s resources and the most aggressive protection programs are typically reserved for environmental health problems that pose involuntary risks. The experience of the EPA’s Radon Program suggests that major gains in public health protection could be achieved through communication that effectively persuades people to accept personal responsibility for preventing voluntary risks, such as radon, and a more informed dialogue between the scientific community and the public concerning national priorities for environmental health protection. If we cannot accomplish this improved dialogue, we will continue to spend enormous sums of money pursuing involuntary risks that promise a smaller payoff for society than preventable voluntary risks, like smoking, failure to use seat belts, and radon exposure, which individuals can address.
Complement-Mediated Microvascular Injury Leads to Chronic Rejection

Microvascular loss may be an unappreciated root cause of chronic rejection for all solid organ transplants. As the only solid organ transplant that does not undergo primary systemic arterial revascularization at the time of surgery, lung transplants rely on the establishment of a microcirculation and are especially vulnerable to the effects of microvascular loss. Microangiopathy, with its attendant ischemia, can lead to tissue infarction and airway fibrosis. Maintaining healthy vasculature in lung allografts may be critical for preventing terminal airway fibrosis, also known as the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS is the major obstacle to lung transplant success and affects up to 60% of patients surviving 5 years. The role of complement in causing acute microvascular loss and ischemia during rejection has recently been examined using the mouse orthotopic tracheal transplantation; this is an ideal model for parsing the role of airway vasculature in rejection. Prior to the development of airway fibrosis in rejecting tracheal allografts, C3 deposits on the vascular endothelium just as tissue hypoxia is first detected. With the eventual destruction of vessels, microvascular blood flow to the graft stops altogether for several days. Complement deficiency and complement inhibition lead to markedly improved tissue oxygenation in transplants, diminished airway remodeling, and accelerated vascular repair. CD4+ T cells and antibody-dependent complement activity independently mediate vascular destruction and sustained tissue ischemia during acute rejection. Consequently, interceding against complement-mediated microvascular injury with adjunctive therapy during acute rejection episodes, in addition to standard immunosuppression which targets CD4+ T cells, may help prevent the subsequent development of chronic rejection.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Children

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the effect of trauma on children and its psychological treatment and rehabilitation. Traumatic accidents suffered by children of 0–6 years of age are referred to as early childhood trauma. About one million children are exposed to psychological stress due to trauma every year, e.g., disasters, life-threatening accidents, amputation, etc. Psychological squeal is caused by permanent physical damage or disability due to serious injuries known as traumatic amputations [1]. Trauma directly affects the child’s as well as family member’s emotional and behavioral well-being. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by different types of transient or chronic physical, behavioral, or emotional problem which takes place due to psychological trauma in children. Children susceptible to trauma develop psychiatric disorders particularly anxiety and depression.
ENZYME TECHNOLOGY: POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF BIOSALINE ORGANISMS

A biosaline environment exists in many parts of the world where enzyme technology has not yet begun to flourish. Accordingly, there is little information available on the effects of the environmental conditions of high temperature and salinity on specific enzymatic processes of industrial importance or on the specific production of the animals, higher plants or microorganisms which presently serve as sources of enzymes. Up to now, it seems that industrialists have not sought and perhaps have avoided the practice of enzyme technology under biosaline conditions.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF HEAT CONDUCTING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

Abstract The problem of optimal design of heat conducting structural elements under steady-state temperature distribution is formulated and analyzed. Minimum weight is taken as the design objective and the shape of the structural component is design. Constraints are placed on temperature or heat flux due to thermal loading conditions encountered by the structural element. Finite element method is used to obtain the temperature distribution at each stage of optimization process. The material derivative concept of continuum mechanics and the adjoint variable method are used to obtain design sensitivity of cost and constraints with respect to boundary movement. A nonlinear programming technique is then used to numerically construct optimal designs. Optimal design of a thermal diffuser is presented as a numerical example.
LEG-LENGTH INEQUALITY AND RUNNING-RELATED INJURY AMONG HIGH SCHOOL RUNNERS.

Background Participation in high school cross-country continues to increase with over 492,000 participants during the 2016-17 cross-country season. Several studies have indicated a high incidence of running-related injuries (RRI) in high school cross-country runners. Risk factors for RRI can be divided between intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Intrinsic risk factors such as structural asymmetries have received less attention in recent years. Purpose The primary purposes of the current study were to (1) describe the prevalence of leg-length inequality among female and male high school cross-country runners, and (2) to determine whether leg-length inequality was associated with increased RRI in female and male high school cross-country runners. Study design Prospective observational cohort study. Methods Three hundred ninety-three (222 males, 171 females) athletes competing in high school cross-country running were followed, prospectively. The runners' right and left leg-lengths were measured with a standard cloth tape measure in a supine position. Incidence of low back/lower extremity RRI during practices or competitive events was monitored using the Daily Injury Report. Results A similar percentage of leg-length inequality greater than 0.5 cm was found among female (19.3%) and male (22.1%) runners. No statistically significant associations were found between leg-length inequality and (RRI) for female or male runners, with the exception that after adjusting for BMI, males with a leg-length inequality > 1.5 cm were over seven times more likely to incur a lower leg RRI (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 7.47; 95%CI: 1.5, 36.9; p = 0.01) than males with a leg-length inequality Conclusions While leg-length inequality was not associated with RRI, in general, males with a leg-length inequality > 1.5 cm were at greater likelihood of sustaining a lower leg RRI. Level of evidence 2b.
Primary walls in second place.

Plants synthesize a diversity of cell walls to fit the needs of different cell types and phases of development. A group of transcription factors has now been identified that governs formation of one type of primary cell wall.
Association between the choice of anesthesia and in-hospital outcomes after carotid artery stenting.

Abstract Objective Several prior studies have shown lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in carotid artery stenting (CAS) compared with carotid endarterectomy. This is likely because the majority of endarterectomies are performed under general anesthesia (GA), whereas CAS is mainly performed under local anesthesia (LA). Performing CAS under GA may reverse its minimally invasive benefits. The aim of this study was to compare the safety profile of CAS-GA with that of CAS-LA. Methods A retrospective analysis of the Vascular Quality Initiative database from 2005 to 2017 was performed. Primary outcomes included major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of in-hospital death and MI, and postoperative neurologic events. Multivariable logistic models, and coarsened exact matching were used to evaluate the association between the primary outcomes and anesthesia technique. Results Of 12,919 CAS cases performed, 2024 (15.7%) were under GA. Comparing CAS-GA with CAS-LA in the overall cohort, CAS-GA had significantly higher crude rates of in-hospital mortality (2.1% vs 0.5%), MI (1.3% vs 0.7%), composite MACE (3.1% vs 1.2%), and ipsilateral stroke (2.3% vs 1.6%). Patients undergoing CAS-GA also had higher rates of dysrhythmia (3.0% vs 2.2%), acute congestive heart failure (1.6% vs 0.7%) and perioperative hypertension (13.2% vs 9.4%), and were more likely to have a length of hospital stay of more than 4 days (prolonged length of stay) (17.6% vs 8.5%) compared with those undergoing CAS-LA. On multivariable analysis, CAS-GA had a 2.3 times higher odds of in-hospital mortality compared with CAS-LA (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.26-5.03), a 1.9 times the odds of MACE (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.15-3.03), and a 2.3 times the odds of acute congestive heart failure (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.26-4.15; all P Conclusions In addition to the established increase risk of perioperative stroke/death with CAS compared with carotid endarterectomy, performing it under GA seems to be associated with increased cardiac complications, length of stay, and consequently hospitalization costs. Pending future data from prospective, randomized, controlled trials to validate our findings, there is evidence to suggest that it may be better to perform CAS under LA, especially in medically high-risk patients.
Combined stochastic lateral and in-plane loading of a stiffened ship panel leading to collapse

Abstract With harshening ocean environments and the push to extend the service life of vessels and platforms, lifetime structural design performance is an increasingly important factor to differentiate between design options. But despite many advancements in structural modeling, reliability analysis may still be too time consuming and computationally expensive to be employed for local design choices. Reliability analysis for stiffened ship panels is additionally complicated as the collapse mechanism is due to combined stochastic lateral and in-plane loading effects [1]. This paper employs the non-linear Design Loads Generator (NL-DLG) process [2] to efficiently estimate the probability of stiffened ship panel collapse while retaining the wave profiles which lead to lifetime responses. This information allows a direct comparison between panel options and highlights critical panel parameters which are strongly related to design robustness. The resulting ensemble of short NL-DLG wave profiles lead to similar statistical characteristics of the panel designs as do brute-force Monte Carlo Simulations, but reduce the required simulation time by a factor of nearly 87,000 for the same number of simulations. These directed wave profiles offer naval architects the opportunity to efficiently examine rare complex structural responses by linking high-fidelity structural and hydrodynamic models. The potential of the NL-DLG process is that relevant information about complex marine structures, even those with limit surfaces excited by combined non-Gaussian loading, can be obtained efficiently and in earlier stages of the design process via low-order surrogate models.
Revenue generation and expenditure implications of municipal non-utility enterprises

Although municipal enterprise funds provide several advantages to cities in the provision of goods and services, little is known about how these municipally operated businesses affect other aspects of the fiscal management practices of the cities which use them. This is particularly true of non-utility enterprises. This study uses the concept of net revenue transfers to examine how five commonly used non-utility enterprises impact the tax, expenditure, and revenue generation practices of cities. The results provide a new perspective and counter some commonly held views about non-utility enterprises.
Involvement of information professionals in patient- and family-centered care initiatives: a scoping review

Objective: The goal of this scoping review was to collect data on patient- and family-centered care (PFCC) programs and initiatives that have included the direct involvement of librarians and information professionals to determine how librarians are involved in PFCC and highlight opportunities for librarians to support PFCC programs. Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted in seven scholarly databases in the information, medical, and social sciences. Studies were included if they (1) described initiatives presented explicitly as PFCC programs and (2) involved an information professional or librarian in the PFCC initiative or program. Based on the definition of PFCC provided by the Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care, the authors developed a custom code sheet to organize data elements into PFCC categories or initiatives and outcomes. Other extracted data elements included how the information professional became involved in the program and a narrative description of the initiatives or programs. Results: All included studies (n=12) identified patient education or information-sharing as an integral component of their PFCC initiatives. Librarians were noted to contribute to shared decision-making through direct patient consultation, provision of health literacy education, and information delivery to both provider and patient with the goal of fostering collaborative communication. Conclusions: The synthesis of available evidence to date suggests that librarians and information professionals should focus on patient education and information-sharing to support both patients or caregivers and clinical staff. The burgeoning efforts in participatory care and inclusion of patients in the decision-making process pose a unique opportunity for librarians and information professionals to offer more personalized information services.
Sensitivity of Soil Manganese Oxides

Effects of sample treatment must be well understood to avoid artifacts during analysis. The effect of drying and storage was examined on nine medium- to high-Mn aerobic soils using extractable Mn(II), the Cr Oxidation Test, estimated soluble C, and XANES spectroscopy. Long-term storage (430 d) at 3°C had little effect on the Cr test. Air drying at room temperature (25°C ± 3°C) caused a drop in the Cr test within 24 h, with a further decline to as low as 45% of the original after 72 h, and less than 2% after 264 d. Extractability of Mn with pH 4.8 NH 4 OAc increased nearly linearly over the same time period from 0.2 mmol kg -1 to as high as 2.3 mmol kg -1 , Increases in the absorbance of the extract at 360 nm, an estimate of soluble C, were well correlated within each soil with the increase in Mn(II). Pretreatments to remove soluble organics did not cause any increases in the Cr test of dried samples. Therefore, the loss of Cr oxidizing ability appears to be due to reduction of the oxides, not because of increased reduction of the Cr(VI) formed. No changes in XANES spectra were found after short-term air drying at room temperature, but in the three samples examined after 428 d of drying, the main-edge position had a downward shift of about 1.5 eV, indicating reduction. These results confirm previous findings that studies on the reactivity of soil Mn oxides need to avoid sample drying.
Bayesian Supervised Topic Modeling with Covariates.

Topic modeling is a latent variable approach to quantitatively model text. This approach assumes that text can be summarized as a mixture of latent categories (i.e., topics; Blei, Ng, & Jordan, 200...
Self-employment and Civic Inclination:

We test whether the self-employed have higher levels of civic inclination (trust, political activism, community closeness, community participation) compared to workers from the private sector. We e...
The Benefits of Fractionation in Competitive Resource Allocation

We leverage a new algorithm for numerically solving Colonel Blotto games to gain insight into a version of the game where players have different types of resources. Specifically, the winner of a battlefield is a function of a multi-dimensional allocation vector of each player. Our main focus is on the potential benefits of fractionation, which we define as the degree to which a player can quantize its resources. When players only have one type of resource, we show that the benefits to fractionation are in general, greatest in resource poor environments and against aggregated adversaries. We then extend the model to include random dropout and show that fractionation increases robustness to failure in resource poor environments but not resource rich environments. Finally, we show that when players have different types of resources, the benefits of fractionation are no longer mitigated by an increase in the total force size. Since many real-world resource allocation problems are multi-dimensional, our results illustrate the importance of analyzing multi-resource Blotto games in tandem with the traditional specification.
Interdisciplinary PBL Course Development in Higher Education

This case study explores how a problem-based learning (PBL), graduate education course could be organized in ways that utilize the current knowledge of how people learn within diverse, real world community settings. Students were asked to identify an educational enterprise and a social problem within a culturally diverse, high-need community. Throughout the course, they designed a service-learning experience, which was linked to the mission and vision of the enterprise while providing a meaningful, sustainable service to the community. At the end of the course, students viewed themselves as potential agents of social change through project presentations and reflections.
Pricing real options based on linear loss functions and conditional value at risk

The main purpose of this paper is to expand real option analysis out of the realm of pure financial option pricing techniques. To overcome many of the well-known concerns by adopting the financial ...
Stabilizing higher-order equilibria of post-buckled beams using piezoelectric actuation

Abstract The higher-order static equilibria of post-buckled structures are nominally unstable. Recently it has been shown that by actuating two piezoelectric patches bonded to a post-buckled beam, the second-order equilibria can be stabilized and the beam can stably transition from one first-order post-buckled shape to the other, thereby avoiding snap-through. This paper considers the extent to which third- or fourth-order equilibria of clamped–clamped post-buckled beams can be stabilized using actuation of three or four patches of piezoelectric actuators. Using a numerical modeling approach that is validated with experiments, it is shown that stabilization of third- and fourth-order equilibria is physically realizable. Two actuation strategies are considered: a symmetric one in which voltages of equal magnitude are applied to all patches, and an asymmetric strategy in which two different voltage magnitudes are used. Various actuator lengths are also considered. Using either actuation strategy, it is shown that both the third- and fourth-order equilibria can stabilize over certain regions of parameter space. Stabilized third- and fourth-order equilibria are demonstrated experimentally and correlate well with numerical predictions .