cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SCOUT: Social Context-Aware Ubiquitous System

The proliferation of social-networks, localization systems, and high-end mobile devices have all created fertile ground for the development of novel context-aware systems and applications. Such applications introduce numerous challenges to the research community, many of which are better identified, studied, and addressed, with a true systems approach. Therefore, in this paper, we design a system that integrates the core functionalities of context-awareness, particularly localization, along with online social network (OSN) information, to pave the way for the creation of novel social-based context-aware applications. We introduce, design, and implement a generic social-based context-aware ubiquitous system, SCOUT, above which a multitude of mobile applications can seamlessly adapt to user preferences and context. We implement a prototype application that utilizes the SCOUT architecture as a proof-of-concept. We utilize this prototype application to evaluate SCOUT in terms of reliability, responsiveness, and robustness.
The Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Freezing on the Taste, Tenderness and Keeping Qualities of Dressed Turkey

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE freezing of turkeys in liquid nitrogen at −198°C. immediately after evisceration could be of great value to the turkey processing industry. Not only could great savings of time, labor and space be made, but the flavor of the finished product might also be enhanced due to the reduction of loss of water soluble flavor components in chilling tanks. Pippen and Klose (1955) report that significant flavor losses occur after three hours in ice water. They concluded that prolonged holding of chicken in cold water was deleterious to the maintenance of optimum flavor and should be avoided, if possible. Liquid nitrogen freezing would eliminate ice water chilling. Kahlenberg et al. (1960) report no significant flavor differences in broilers when ice-packed, spin-chilled, or with conventional 20–24 hour immersion. Poultry meat that is cooked immediately after slaughter is tender, but after approximately one hour rigor mortis occurs, and the flesh . . .
Using corpus statistics to remove redundant words in text categorization

This article studies aggressive word removal in text categorization to reduce the noise in free texts and to enhance the computational efficiency of categorization. We use a novel stop word identification method to automatically generate domain specific stoplists which are much larger than a conventional domain-independent stoplist. In our tests with three categorization methods on text collections from different domains/applications, significant numbers of words were removed without sacrificing categorization effectiveness. In the test of the Expert Network method on CACM documents, for example, an 87% removal of unique words reduced the vocabulary of documents from 8,002 distinct words to 1,045 words, which resulted in a 63% time savings and a 74% memory savings in the computation of category ranking, with a 10% precision improvement on average over not using word removal. It is evident in this study that automated word removal based on corpus statistics has a practical and significant impact on the computational tractability of categorization methods in large databases.
Blocking antibody assay for confirmation of urogenital Chlamydia infection.

We evaluated the Syva MicroTrak Chlamydia Blocking Antibody Assay as a confirmatory assay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens. During a 5-month period, 109 positives were obtained (4.9%) by the MicroTrak II Enzyme Immunoassay as implemented with the Syva XL automated enzyme immunoassay instrument. Of 98 evaluable samples, 92 (93.9%) were confirmed as positive by the blocking assay, and 3 blocking-negative samples had organisms detected by directfluorescent-antibody analysis (blocking sensitivity, 96.8%). We found that direct fluorescent-antibody analysis of samples with a specimen-to-cutoff absorbance ratio of <2.0 was a reasonable confirmation alternative and was more costeffective than the blocking assay. Anumberofenzymeimmunoassays(EIA)arecommercially available for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenitalspecimens.Thesensitivities,specificities,andpredictive values of these tests vary and are highly dependent on the type ofpopulationbeingtested,i.e.,asymptomaticversussymptomatic and low prevalence versus high prevalence, and on the quality of the specimens submitted for examination (3). The CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionrecentlypublished guidelines on screening tests for chlamydial infection and recommended that positive EIA tests be confirmed by a supplementaltestifafalse-positivetestislikelytohavesomeadverse outcome (1). Supplemental tests include culture, direct immunofluorescence or a second nonculture test, and blocking antibody assays. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the Syva MicroTrak Blocking Antibody Assay when used in conjunction with the Syva MicroTrak II EIA and the Syva XL automated instrument. Urogenital samples were obtained from adult patients seen at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Samples
Facile patterning of genetically engineered M13 bacteriophage for directional growth of human fibroblast cells

We report a facile strategy for the patterning of cells that utilizes nanofibrous RGD-engineered phages in conjunction with microcontact printing methods to provide human fibroblast cells with specific biochemical and physical cues. This approach can be used for high-throughput screening assays as well as for energy and biosensor development.
Theoretical reaction kinetics of reversible polymerization with a linear time dependence of the rate constant

The theoretical kinetics of reversible polymerization of a live polymer solution is studied. The initiation, transfer, and termination reactions are assumed to be negligible. An analytic solution in a closed form is obtained which gives the transient monomer concentration after perturbation of the polymer system. The disturbance is assumed to impose a linear change of the depropagation rate constant with respect to time. It is more realistic physically than the assumption of a sudden change of rate constants. Also discussed in the paper is the application of the solution to cases which have a nonlinear change of the rate constant.
Limited extraction of soybeans with hexane

Soybean flakes were extracted with lower than optimal quantities of hexane in the laboratory and comparisons were made of oil yield, phospholipids yield and phospholipids composition as a function of the volume of hexane. Although the oil yield and the total amount of phosphorus were significantly decreased with limited volumes of hexane, the distribution of phospholipid components remained essentially the same. Because the oil obtained by this limited solvent extraction contained less phosphatides, it is expected to be more easily processed by conventional techniques.
Signaling by Sensory Receptors

Sensory systems detect small molecules, mechanical perturbations, or radiation via the activation of receptor proteins and downstream signaling cascades in specialized sensory cells. In vertebrates, the two principal categories of sensory receptors are ion channels, which mediate mechanosensation, thermosensation, and acid and salt taste; and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which mediate vision, olfaction, and sweet, bitter, and umami tastes. GPCR-based signaling in rods and cones illustrates the fundamental principles of rapid activation and inactivation, signal amplification, and gain control. Channel-based sensory systems illustrate the integration of diverse modulatory signals at the receptor, as seen in the thermosensory/pain system, and the rapid response kinetics that are possible with direct mechanical gating of a channel. Comparisons of sensory receptor gene sequences reveal numerous examples in which gene duplication and sequence divergence have created novel sensory specificities. This is the evolutionary basis for the observed diversity in temperature- and ligand-dependent gating among thermosensory channels, spectral tuning among visual pigments, and odorant binding among olfactory receptors. The coding of complex external stimuli by a limited number of sensory receptor types has led to the evolution of modality-specific and species-specific patterns of retention or loss of sensory information, a filtering operation that selectively emphasizes features in the stimulus that enhance survival in a particular ecological niche. The many specialized anatomic structures, such as the eye and ear, that house primary sensory neurons further enhance the detection of relevant stimuli.
CORPORATE BOARDROOM DIVERSITY: WHY ARE WE STILL TALKING ABOUT THIS?

What exactly is board diversity and why does it matter? How does diversity fit in an attempt to build the best board for any organization? What attributes and skills are required by law and what mix of experiences and talents provide the best corporate governance? Even though most companies say they are looking for diversity, why has there been such little progress? Are required director attributes, which are a must for all boards, consistent with future diversity gains and aligned with achieving high performance and optimal board composition? How might women and people of color best cultivate these skills necessary to make themselves attractive candidates and productive board directors?My goal is to provide answers to these questions, and to discuss how a nominating committee and board can define their needs, explore their options, and provoke radical thinking about how corporate governance might be improved by reexamining the demographics and fundamental assumptions about diversity, the attributes of board standing committees, and international board diversity profiles. Hopefully, constructive thinking about diversity, board composition, and a productive dialogue among all in the corporate governance community will result.
Dipole and Oscillator Strengths of Chromophores in Solution

A widely published expression for dipole strengths of optical transitions is found to require correction. The proposed adjustment, which involves the refractive index of the solvent in which the strengths are measured, may lead to significant changes in predictions that have been based on the equation. We discuss a closely related issue, the vacuum dipole strength concept, in an empirical context. A simple mapping procedure for estimating index dependence of strengths is advocated as an alternative to effective field corrections. The technique is illustrated for chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll a.
Polo-like kinase 1 regulates RhoA during cytokinesis exit in human cells.

Objective : Both RhoA (Rho1) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) are implicated in the regulation of cytokinesis, a cellular process that marks the division of cytoplasm of a parent cell into daughter cells after nuclear division. Cytokinesis failure is often accompanied by the generation of cells with an unstable tetraploid content, which predisposes it to chromosomal instability and oncogenic transformation. Several studies using lower eukaryotic systems demonstrate that RhoA and Plk1 are essential for mitotic progression and cytokinesis. Materials and methods : Physical and functional interactions between RhoA and Plk-1 were analyzed using subcellular localization of RhoA and Plk1 in HeLa cells by immunofluorescence and co-precipitation techniques, followed by Western blotting in RhoA transfected cells. Results : Plk1 localizes to kinetochores as well as to spindle poles during prophase and metaphase; it translocates to the midbody during telophase. RhoA is also enriched at the midbody region during telophase and colocalizes with Plk1. Recombinant RhoA, expressed as a GFP fusion protein, is enriched in the nucleus of HeLa and U2OS cells. Ectopically expressed GFP-RhoA does not cause significant cell death, although there exist a group of cells that appear to exhibit a delay in mitotic exit or in impaired cytokinesis. Conclusion : Co-immunoprecipitation reveals that RhoA and Plk1 physically interact and that their interaction appears to be enhanced during mitosis. Given the role of RhoA and Plk1 in cytokinesis, our findings suggest that regulated activation of RhoA is important for cytokinesis and that Plk1 may alter activation of RhoA during mitotic cytokinesis.
The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making. II. Additional Compounds

Since the publication of the original compilation of the pesticide parameter database as the entire Volume 123 of Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (199), considerable interest, both domestic and foreign, has been shown in this unique compilation. This is likely the result of increased incidence of detections of pesticides in groundwater. While the original intent was for use in screening procedures that could lead to improved pesticide stewardship in the agricultural arena, the database has taken on a much wider role, including remediation assessments, environmental audits, and more in-depth assessments of the uncertainty of environmental risks of pesticide contamination of ground and surface water. These uses have prompted questions about pesticide products that are no longer on the market but are still found in soil and aqueous environments.
Fetal movements associated with fetal heart rate accelerations and decelerations

In normal pregnant women, the relationship between the FHR and fetal movements (FM) was evaluated during 1,541 consecutive observed FM of at least 1 second's duration. Two observed FHR changes were: (1) accelerations and (2) accelerations followed by decelerations. An acceleration in FHR was observed in association with 91.2 per cent of all FM of 1 to 3 seconds' duration and with 99.8 per cent of FM of longer than 3 seconds' duration. FM were associated with an acceleration followed by a deceleration 66.7 per cent of the time. FM lasting longer than 1 second and associated with neither accelerations nor decelerations were seen 1.8 per cent of the time.
Constructivism and the Limits of Reason: Revisiting the Kantian Problematic

The main focus of this paper ison ways in which Kantian philosophy can informproponents and opponents of constructivismalike. Kant was primarily concerned withreconciling natural and moral law. His approachto this general problematic was to limit andseparate what we can know about things(phenomena) from things as they are inthemselves (noumena), and to identify moralagency with the latter. Revisiting the Kantianproblematic helps to address and resolve longstanding epistemological concerns regardingconstructivism as an educational philosophy inrelation to issues of objectivity andsubjectivity, the limits of theoretical andpractical reason, and the relation betweenhuman experience and the world. It also servesto address ethical concerns regardingliberation from limited self-interests andcontexts conditioned by localised beliefs andinclinations. In light of revisiting theKantian problematic, both Glasersfeld's radicalview of constructivism and Jardine's socialcritique of constructivism are found wanting.Beyond constructivism, Kant's distinctionbetween phenomena and noumena and the limits ofreason that follow from it are brieflyconsidered in terms of Merleau-Ponty's noveldouble-embodied notion of flesh as anontological primitive – as a matter of beingboth in, and of, the world – with an aim tomore intimate connections between epistemologyand ethics.
Optical nevoscope reconstructions using photon diffusion theory

Analysis of 3D shape and size of skin lesions and features obtained by analyzing the images of skin-lesions, may help early diagnosis of melanoma. Our efforts in non-invasive imaging of skin lesions have been in the direction of characterization of the lesion volumes with transillumination based optical imaging modality. Light photons after entering into the skin interact with matter for multiple scattering events. The backscattered radiation re-emerging from the skin forms two dimensional projection images of the transilluminated skin-lesion. These projection images are obtained through direct view and mirror reflections. The problem of solving for the volume of the lesion from these projections is a non-linear inverse problem. We attempt to solve this using dipole solutions to the diffusion equation. The objective here is to obtain the jacobian (voxel weights) of the system of equations and progressively solve linear inverse problem. An iterative nonlinear inversion method is proposed, which incorporates the salient features of the rigorous perturbation Monte Carlo method at much lower computational overheads, to compute the jacobian. The jacobian obtained based on diffusion theory is used in reconstruction of the lesions based on algebraic reconstruction techniques. a milk-gelatin phantom of tissue and embedded lesion is constructed in which the concentration of milk determines extent of scattering. The absorber is simulated by adding ink to the same mixture in an embedded capillary tube. The phantom is trans-illuminated using the Nevoscope. Reconstructions of the phantom based on diffusion theory are obtained. Our results show smoother reconstructions for the diffusion theory based method.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Call to Protect Civilian Justice: Beware the Creep of Military Tribunals

The Bush Administration claimed its war powers extended to subjecting persons detained in the United States, including civilians, to trial by military commission. In this paper, Professor Renzo examines and evaluates this claim, finding it as unprecedented in scope as it is lacking in historical support. Professor Renzo explains that "the Constitution places the power to punish a civilian for wrongdoing, including criminal conduct in support of enemy organizations, in the hands of an independent civilian court and jury." Examining the constitutional text and English and American history, Professor Renzo traces a profound resistance to the encroachment of military tribunals on the jurisdiction of civilian courts, noting "the very purpose of the original English common law right to trial by a civilian jury was to protect against … the King's use of military courts and judges who owed their loyalty to the King." Professor Renzo concludes that constitutional text and tradition, as well Supreme Court case law, require that a civilian be provided with a civilian jury trial unless a civilian court determines that the detainee is not a civilian, but is rather "either under the command of the enemy's armed forces or engaged in battlefield hostilities against American forces."
(6R)-2-tert-Butyl-6-[(4R,5S)-3-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl]phenol.

In the title compound, C23H31NO2, the lone pair on the nitro­gen atom is oriented to facilitate intra­molecular hydrogen bonding with the hydr­oxy group residing on the phenyl substituent. The five-membered ring adopts an envelope confornmation with the O atom at the flap. The absolute stereochemistry was verified by measurement of optical activity using a digital polarimeter.
The valley of ten thousand Smokes, Katmai, Klaska: A unique geochemistry laboratory

Abstract During June 6–8, 1912, a new vent (Novarupta) near Mt. Katmai in the Aleutian Range of Alaska released the largest volcanic eruption of this century and the largest rhyolitic eruption in nearly twenty centuries. Spectacular fumaroles developed in the ash-flow sheet prompting Robert F. Griggs, who discovered the steaming valley in 1916, to name it the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS). The Katmai Scientific Drilling Project was developed to advance understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved with explosive volcanism, through an interdisciplinary investigation of the Novarupta Vent and fissure fumaroles present in the ash-flow sheet. Novarupta Vent represents a unique target for subsurface geophysical and coring studies of structures and lithologies produced by explosive volcanism ( Panel On Volcanic Studies At Katmai , National Academy of Sciences, 1989). Scientific expeditions sponsored by the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Geological Survey were conducted during the summers of 1989 and 1990. Most of the surface studies are now complete and drilling is planned for 1994, contingent on successful completion of the National Environmental Policy Act process. One of the main objectives of this ambitious study is to determine the source, mechanisms, and thermal and chemical conditions of the fumarolic transport of elements that occurred following ash-flow emplacement. As part of the surface investigation, prior to drilling, a detailed geochemical study has been initiated involving the mass flux of nearly fifty major, minor, and trace elements using samples from fumarolic deposits located in distal (rhyolitic) and proximal (dacitic and andesitic) portions of the ash-flow sheet. Significant enrichments are observed in S, Br, Cl, F, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, Cr, Ni, As, Sb and Au in various portions of the fossil fumaroles. These enrichments correlate well with those determined in active, high-temperature fumarolic sublimates and indicate that most of these elements were transported to the surface early, in the vapor phase.
Failure of blood glucose levels to reflect hepatic glycogenolysis; experiences with glucagon.

Summary1) Glucagon is as active a glycogenolytic agent when administered subcutaneously as it is by intraperitoneal or intravenous route. However increases in blood glucose may not be observed following subcutaneous administration of glucagon, even though liver glycogen is almost completely mobilized. In adrenodemedullated animals, this is the rule. 2) Total liver glycogen store of the rat is relatively small, compared to the capacity of glucose disposal mechanisms. Changes in rates of the major glucose disposal reactions can completely mask the anticipated effect of hepatic glycogenolysis on blood glucose concentration. Such changes may be induced by fluctuations of endogenous insulin secretion.
Three Portraits, 2 Artists, and 1 Harvard Department of Anaesthesia: the Brigham Chairs and the Artists Who Rendered Them☆

Abstract Background Many forms of art accurately depict physical attributes of their subjects. But how precisely do portraits capture personal, emotional, and behavioral aspects of individuals holding leadership positions in academic departments of anesthesiology? Methods We examined formal portraits of the first three academic chairmen of anesthesiology in our department – Leroy D. Vandam, Benjamin G. Covino, and Simon Gelman and obtained information about the artists (George Augusta and Marc Klionsky) regarding how they conducted research on their subjects, and the methods they used to depict significant character traits into their art. We then correlated the artistic depiction with known biographical and behavioral qualities of these leaders. Results We found that the artists were remarkably astute in their observations and that they successfully captured both physical and emotional aspects of these chairmen in their portraits. Moreover, in one instance, significant early life experiences were added to the composition with subtlety. Individuals familiar with these chairmen and aware of their management style can easily appreciate the techniques employed by the artists. Summary We conclude that art successfully depicted personal and executive attributes of these three academic anesthesia chairmen.
Preparative Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydropyridines via a Rh(I)-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Sequence

We report a Rh(I)-catalyzed C–H activation/alkenylation/electrocyclization cascade and subsequent reduction for the synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydropyridines. These products can be accessed on a gram scale with low catalyst loadings and at high reaction concentrations. Additionally, a modified Rh-catalyst, prepared from [RhCl(cod)]2 as a robust bench-stable precatalyst was developed to enable straightforward reaction set up without the use of a glovebox. To demonstrate the practicality of this reaction, a >100 mmol scale Rh-catalyzed cascade reaction sequence utilizing the air-stable precatalyst [RhCl(cod)]2 was performed on the bench to furnish the pure tetrahydropyridine product in 93% yield.
My memories of Japanese pediatric neurosurgery

At the end of World War II, medical students in Japan knew that the United States of America were the world leaders in medical science, and they dreamed of establishing such a rational and pragmatic brand of medicine in their own country. As the number of motor vehicle accidents increased in parallel with the rapid growth of the Japanese economy after the war, the need for neurosurgery also intensified. The number of papers dealing with pediatric issues increased tremendously after the ISPN and JSPN had first held meetings in Japan in September 1973. It seems mandatory for us to back up the activity of the children's hospitals by establishing a subspeciality of pediatric neurosurgery.
X-ray powder diffraction study of CaTiO 3 perovskite at high temperatures

CaTiO3 perovskite has been studied at high temperature and P = 1 bar by powder x-ray diffraction and its structure refined subsequently by the Rietveld method. This Pbnm perovskite shows a decrease of orthorhombic distortion with increasing temperature as manifested by the increasing of the inter-octahedral angles towards 180°. Linear thermal expansion is observed for CaTiO3 to 1373 K; extrapolation of these data suggest a possible transition to a tetragonal or pseudo-tetragonal phase near 1600 K.
Effects of Over-Aging Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Cost Cold Rolled Dual Phase Steels

A high strength and ductility dual phase steel was developed from the traditional steel via establishing reasonable processing parameter w indow s,w hich transferred from low to high additional values. The continuous annealing specimen w as prepared from C-Mn steels by hot and cold rolling. The microstructure contained ferrite and martensite w as obtained by the intercritical anneal,controlled cooling and the subsequent different over-aging procedures. The bainite transformation w as avoided w hen the over-aging temperature w as low er than 320 ℃. The volume fraction of the martensite increased w ith the decrease of temperatures. The tensile strength w as proportional to the volume fraction of the martensites,w hereas the yield strength and elongation performanced an inverse relationship. The strength-ductility balance w as 18 254. 6 MPa% in the 320 ℃ over-aging procedure as a better mechanical property.
The design principle of ideal rig and modern design theory

The article focuses on analysis of the design principle and solution of ideal rig,an advanced rig in the world by modern design theory,and further to point out some new ideas and method on design and configuration of modern oil drilling rig.
Effects of cyclosporine on human renal allograft renin and prostaglandin production.

La ciclosporine ne stimule pas l'activite renine de la veine renale des allogreffes renales humaines dans la periode immediate apres la transplantation. Les taux veineux renaux de ceto-6-PGF1α, un metabolite de la prostacycline etaient eleves chez les malades traites par la ciclosporine A comparativement aux malades traites par l'azothioprine, mais le thromboxane ne l'etait pas
Achieving Safer Roads Through the Use of System Dynamics and Porous Friction Courses

Wet weather–related hazards such as poor visibility and hydroplaning can be reduced significantly with the proper use of porous friction courses (PFCs), which allow water to drain quickly and provide higher friction. However, widespread adoption of this technology has been hampered because of concerns about long-term benefits, early onset of distresses, and progressive clogging of the voids by winter treatment materials. For the proper adoption of a PFC, a system of multicriterion simulation and analysis for a holistic evaluation in different climatic conditions is needed. The objectives of the study reported in this paper were to develop a framework for a system for PFC and to evaluate its long-term performance with a multicriterion analysis approach. A comprehensive system dynamics model was developed, along with a web-based simulation tool. The model was simulated for different conditions during a period of time, and the performance was evaluated in regard to different properties, as well as through a ...
Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training on Lung Function and Musical Performance in Collegiate Wind Instrumentalists

Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) has been associated with increased maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Because wind instrumentalists depend on sufficient pressure production for optimal musical performance, it is possible that EMST might improve musical performance in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine if 4 weeks of EMST would improve instrumental performance in relation to MEP in college-level wind instrumentalists. All participants (N=19) were pre-tested for MEP (inH 2 O) and musical performance measures of loudness (dB) and duration of play (sec) on various pitches. Participants were then divided into groups matched by MEP, gender, and instrument. The experimental group (n=12) trained 4 times/week for 4 weeks at 75% MEP. Following training, MEP increased significantly in the experimental group (pre: 49.50±14.41; post: 83.17±22.47 inH 2 O) compared to the control group (pre: 50.29±7.76; post: 53.14±11.89 inH 2 O, p< 0.0001). There were no significant musical performance improvements as measured following training, but results suggest that EMST may be a viable option for instrumental training. Future research might build upon this study design to better assess the effects of EMST on musical performance in wind instrumentalists by considering alternate definitions for musical performance and by assessing specific instruments separately.
Safety and Effectiveness of the Denali Inferior Vena Cava Filter: Intermediate Follow-Up Results.

Purpose:The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical safety and effectiveness of the Denali (Bard, Tempe, Arizona) retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter.Materials and Methods:In this ...
Auditory Processing Disorder and Cortical Malformation

Researchers at Departments of Neurology and Speech, University of Campinas, Brazil assessed the auditory processing function in children with language-learning impairment in relation to malformation of cortical development.
Abstract 2289: A novel mouse model of endometrial cancer: epithelial specificPtendeletion withlactoferrin-iCre

Endometrial cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, causing approximately 8,000 deaths each year in the United States. Underlying causes of endometrial cancer are not clearly understood, and treatment options for patients with advanced stages are limited. Animal models that spontaneously develop cancer are powerful tools for studying the mechanism of cancer initiation and progression and for developing treatment strategies. We previously created a mouse model of endometrial cancer in which the floxed phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten) gene was deleted by Cre expression under the control of a progesterone receptor (PR) promoter. Pten is a tumor suppressor with the highest frequency of mutation in human endometrial cancer. In the PtenloxP/loxP/PR-Cre mouse model, uterine deletion of Pten resulted in complex atypical hyperplasia of the uterine epithelium by three weeks of age with cancer occurring by one month. As PR is expressed in the epithelium, stroma, and myometrium compartments, the question remains whether Pten deletion in the uterine epithelium alone contributes to endometrial cancer since human endometrial cancer is derived from epithelial cells. To address this question, we used lactoferrin-iCre (Ltf-Cre) mice to specifically delete Pten in the uterine epithelium, since lactoferrin is restricted to the epithelium of adult mice. We found that PtenloxP/loxP/Ltf-Cre mice develop complex atypical hyperplasia in uterine epithelium by three months of age, whereas uteri from immature mice are normal. These results demonstrate that Pten deletion specifically in the uterine epithelium can contribute to toward endometrial cancer in mice. This mouse model will help us to study in detail the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer. This study was supported in parts by grants from NIH-P01-CA-77839 (S. K. D). Citation Format: Takiko Daikoku, Jumpei Terakawa, Sudhansu K. Dey. A novel mouse model of endometrial cancer: epithelial specific Pten deletion with lactoferrin-iCre. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2289. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2289
COMMUTATIVE PSEUDO BE-ALGEBRAS

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of commutative pseudo BE-algebras and investigate their properties.We generalize some results proved by A. Walendziak for the case of commutative BE-algebras.We prove that the class of commutative pseudo BE-algebras is equivalent to the class of commutative pseudo BCK-algebras. Based on this result, all results holding for commutative pseudo BCK-algebras also hold for commutative pseudo BE-algebras. For example, any finite commutative pseudo BE-algebra is a BE-algebra, and any commutative pseudo BE-algebra is a join-semilattice. Moreover, if a commutative pseudo BE-algebra is a meet-semilattice, then it is a distributive lattice. We define the pointed pseudo-BE algebras, and introduce and study the relative negations on pointed pseudo BE-algebras. Based on the relative negations we construct two closure operators on a pseudo BE-algebra.We also define relative involutive pseudo BE-algebras, we investigate their properties and prove equivalent conditions for a relative involutive pseudo BE-algebra.We define the relative Glivenko property for a relative good pseudo BE-algebra and show that any relativeinvolutive pseudo BE-algebra has the relative Glivenko property.
Infant colic: a pediatric gastroenterologist's perspective

Colic is a syndrome of persistent crying in infants, with multiple causes. In most cases, it is within the spectrum of normal variability in infant behavior and can be treated with reassurance, education, and counseling about appropriate parental responses. In a minority of cases, careful analysis of the crying pattern and other infant behaviors may suggest an underlying gastrointestinal problem that may be amenable to more specific treatment. This article explores the evidence supporting the use of crying and behavioral diaries to determine an appropriate response to each colicky infant.
Feasibility of a pilot intervention to reduce pain and syncope during adolescent vaccination

Abstract Purpose Vaccines recommended for adolescents are considered safe and effective, however administration may occasionally result in acute pain at the injection site or syncope (fainting). These adverse effects pose a risk to patient safety and are potential barriers to adherence to future vaccinations. We assessed a novel intervention designed to help prevent acute pain and syncope associated with adolescent vaccinations. Methods We conducted a 3-month pilot study to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a vaccination comfort menu within two Kaiser Permanente Northwest pediatric clinics. The menu offered a variety of comfort items (e.g., cold packs, squeeze balls) that children could select prior to their vaccination. We surveyed parents of recently vaccinated adolescents and interviewed providers to assess the implementation and effectiveness of the intervention. Results Response rate for the parent survey was 33% (378/1136). Only 20% of the parents reported that their provider offered the comfort menu during the vaccination visit. Approximately 50% of the adolescents who were offered the menu selected a comfort item and most of these participants reported that the item was very (35%) or somewhat (38%) helpful in improving their vaccination experience. Per provider interviews, common barriers to implementing the intervention included lack of time and convenience, and the brevity of the pilot period. Conclusions The comfort menu may improve the vaccination experience of youth and increase the likelihood of adherence with future vaccinations. However, only 20% of the parents reported that their provider offered the menu during the vaccination visit. Additional research is needed to determine the feasibility of implementing this intervention on a larger scale, as well as assessing whether the intervention has a significant impact on reducing adverse events.
Progression of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease in a three chronic conditions multistate model.

Diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease are three major chronic conditions that develop with increasing risks among adults as they get older. The interconnectedness of these three chronic conditions is well known, while each condition acts as a prognostic risk factor for the other two. It is important to understand the progressive relationships of these three conditions over time in terms of transitioning between clinical states and the impact on patients’ survival. We investigate the survival characteristics of a Medicare population aged 65 years and above in a multistate system that contained clinical states specified by death and diagnosis combinations of three chronic conditions. The study was conducted using Hawaii Medicare claims data from 2009 to 2013. To evaluate the progression of a subject with one of the newly diagnosed chronic conditions, we analyzed quantities such as state occupation probabilities in eight states and hazards of sixteen transition types. We quantified effects and significances of potential covariates such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, comorbidity burden and financial status on these temporal functions. Nonparametric method of estimating state occupation probabilities and pseudo-value based method for estimating covariate effects of a survival system were utilized. We found a range of age, gender, race/ethnicity and financial status based interesting covariate influences on transitions and state occupation probabilities of the system. Survival characteristics of the disease system are influenced by subject-specific effects. Subgroup-specific interventions/screenings should be considered for the optimal prevention and care.
Lactate biosensing: The emerging point-of-care and personal health monitoring

Lactate plays a crucial role in the anaerobic metabolic pathway of humans. In situations of oxygen deficit, its production increases; leading to several life-threatening conditions such as hemorrhage, respiratory failure, trauma or ischemia from lactate acidosis. Lactate level detection and point-of-care (POC) monitoring in a fast, accurate and non-invasive manner is ultimately important for many health care applications. Optical and electrochemical techniques are employed in lactate sensing to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity, miniaturization, portability, simplicity, and low cost. To improve the selectivity and sensitivity, two important enzymes, lactate oxidase (LOx) and lactate dehydrogenese (LDH) are employed. Conventional methods for lactate detection are not fast enough to be used in point-of-care or personal health monitoring settings. Moreover, the existing point-of-care lactate sensing tools follow invasive or partially invasive sampling protocols such as finger pricking. In this review, a comprehensive overview of different lactate biosensing devices is presented. Particularly, the state-of-the-art and prospects of wearable, non-invasive lactate sensing from different biofluids are discussed.
Matrix Algebra and Random Matrices

Abstract Multivariate statistics (pertaining to the joint behavior of multiple variables) requires the use of linear (“matrix”) algebra as a notational and computational tool. This Chapter contains a brief overview of the elements of linear algebra needed for the remainder of Part III of this book, and their use in representing random vectors and matrices.
The Theory of Fluorescence

Confocal microscopy can be performed in transmission or reflection mode for observing nonfluorescent material. However, for most biological work, the confocal microscope is used in conjunction with fluorescent samples. Fluorescence imaging provides a specific, high contrast signal that maximally exploits the ability of the confocal microscope to remove out-of-focus light. For this reason, it is imperative for confocal microscopists to have a basic knowledge of fluorescence theory and imaging. In this chapter, we review the fundamentals of fluorescence as applied to confocal imaging. In most cases, these basic principles are also applicable to widefield fluorescence microscopy.
Diabetes Education in Geriatric Populations

The population in the United States, as well as all around the world, is aging rapidly. The management of the chronic diseases in this elderly population is challenging and requires a different approach when compared to younger adults. Diabetes in particular has increasing prevalence in elderly patients. Challenges and From: Contemporary Diabetes: Educating Your Patient with Diabetes Edited by: K. Weinger and C. A. Carver, DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-208-7_18, c © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009
The Concept of Unschedulability Core for Optimizing Real-Time Systems with Fixed-Priority Scheduling

In the design optimization of real-time systems scheduled with fixed priority, schedulability analysis is used to define the feasibility region within which tasks meet their deadlines, so that optimization algorithms can find the best solution within the region. However, the complexity of schedulability analysis techniques often makes it difficult to leverage existing optimization frameworks and scale to large designs. In this paper, we propose the concept of unschedulability core, a compact representation of the schedulability conditions, and develop efficient algorithms for its calculation. We present a new optimization framework that leverages such a concept. We show that this concept is applicable to a range of optimization problems, for example, when the decision variables include the task priority assignment and the selection of mechanisms protecting shared buffers. Experimental results on two case studies demonstrate that the new optimization procedure maintains the optimality of the solutions, but is a few orders of magnitude faster than other exact algorithms (branch-and-bound, integer linear programming).
A Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Created Using 3D-printed Bioplastic

In this work, a four-person student team was given the challenge of designing, analysing, constructing, and testing a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) prototype, which could meet or excee...
TRAUMATIC TRICUSPID REGURGITATION: WHEN TO OPERATE

Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation (TTR) is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma and results from damage to the subvalvular tricuspid apparatus. We present a rare case of severe TTR without hemodynamic compromise managed conservatively. 26 year old male admitted to trauma surgery service after
Improved Optical Multiplexing with Temporal DNA Barcodes

Many biochemical events of importance are complex and dynamic. Fluorescence microscopy offers a versatile solution to study the dynamics of biology at the mesoscale. An important challenge in the field is the simultaneous study of several objects of interest, referred to as optical multiplexing. For improved multiplexing, some prior techniques used repeated reporter washing or the geometry of nanostructures; however, these techniques require complex nanostructure assembly, multiple reporters, or advanced multistep drift correction. Here we propose a time-based approach, for improved optical multiplexing, that uses readily available inexpensive reporters and requires minimal preparation efforts. We program short DNA strands, referred hereby as DNA devices, such that they undergo unique conformation changes in the presence of the dye-labeled reporters. The universal fluorescent reporter transiently binds with the devices to report their activity. Since each device is programmed to exhibit different hybridization kinetics, their fluorescent time trace, referred to as the temporal barcode, will be unique. We model our devices using continuous-time Markov chains and use stochastic simulation algorithm to generate their temporal patterns. We first ran simulation experiments with a small number of DNA devices, demonstrating several distinct temporal barcodes, all of which use a single dye color. Later, using nanostructure-based devices, we designed a much larger pool of temporal barcodes and used machine learning for classification of these barcodes. Our simulation experiments and design principles can aid in the experimental demonstration of the DNA devices.
The Social Rank of Zoo-Housed Japanese Macaques is a Predictor of Visitor-Directed Aggression.

The effect that visitors have on the behavior and welfare of animals is a widely-studied topic in zoo animal welfare. Typically, these studies focus on how the presence or activity levels of visitors affect animals. However, for many species, and particularly primates, social factors, such as social rank, can also have a large impact on behavior. Here, we considered the influence of both the role of visitors (crowd size and activity levels) and rank on the occurrence of visitor-directed aggression by zoo-housed Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, N = 12). We conducted 52 weeks of observation (443.8 h) of macaques living in a large outdoor habitat and recorded 1574 events of visitor-directed behavior, 94.2% of which was characterized as aggressive. We calculated rank using the Elo-rating method. GLMM comparisons indicate that rank was a significant predictor of visitor-directed aggression, with lower-ranked individuals displaying more frequent aggression towards visitors. Additionally, visitor-directed aggression differed by crowd activity levels, but not crowd size. These results support our prediction that rank is associated with differences in visitor-directed aggression, and we interpret this pattern as lower-ranking macaques redirecting aggression toward zoo visitors as safe targets. This work emphasizes how factors emanating from the zoo environment can combine with social dynamics to influence primate response to human presence in the zoo setting.
Rigorous Bayesian Inference VS New Approximate Strategies for Estimation of the Probability Distribution of the Parameters of DAE Models

Abstract This manuscript assesses the accuracy and computational efficiency offered by three different strategies for the estimation of probability distributions, applied to DAE systems. Specifically, two approximate PDF estimation techniques, named ODMCMC and PDFE&U, are compared to Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo (BMCMC), using a simulation-based approach. The results of our analysis show that ODMCMC and PDFE&U offer a good trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, thus are excellent choices for time-critical PDF estimation tasks.
Active Segmentation at 100 MHz for 12 W VHF Wireless Power Transfer

Power and efficiency dramatically decrease for magnetically-coupled wireless power transfer with small receivers at long distances. In this paper, we show through analysis that operating at VHF (very-high-frequency) using GaN HEMTs together with an air-core inductor that is segmented with each segment driven actively results in compelling improvements in comparison to other methods. An active segmented transmitter using current-mode class D primitive converters was demonstrated to operate at 100 MHz and 12 W in a wireless power transfer system.