cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Passive Sampling Devices as Potential Surrogates of Metal Uptake into Soybean

Chelating anion exchange membrane (CAEM), Nafion® tubing, and Strong cation exchange cartridges (SCX) were evaluated as passive sampling devices for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) uptake in soybean (Glycine max). The CAEMs were sampled every hour for 12 h. Metal concentrations in plant tissues, SCX, and water solution in Nafion® tubing were determined weekly for 4 weeks. The amount of Cd and Pb on CAEM increased linearly with time in the sand experiment. Cadmium, Cu, and Pb uptake by soybean leaves was poorly correlated with metal concentration on CAEM. Regression analysis between log transformed Cd and Pb concentrations in water within Nafion® tubing and in sand solution extracted by water indicated that there was a significant linear relationship between them. Metals were not consistently detected in elution solution of SCX. Nafion® tubing may be a promising passive sampler for heavy metals in soil solution.
Locking-Free Optimal Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for a Naghdi-Type Arch Model

In this paper, we introduce and analyze discontinuous Galerkin methods for a Naghdi type arch model. We prove that, when the numerical traces are properly chosen, the methods display optimal convergence uniformly with respect to the thickness of the arch. These methods are thus free from membrane and shear locking. We also prove that, when polynomials of degree k are used, all the numerical traces superconverge with a rate of order h 2k+1. Numerical experiments verifying the above-mentioned theoretical results are displayed.
Permeability at the blood-brain and blood-nerve barriers of the neurotrophic factors: NGF, CNTF, NT-3, BDNF

A comparison was made of the permeabilities of different neurotrophic factors at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) in normal adult rats by quantifying the permeability coefficient-surface area (PS) product after correction for the residual plasma volume (Vp) occupied by the protein in the capillary bed of the nerve endoneurium or different brain regions. The i.v. bolus injection technique was used in the cannulated brachial vein and artery using the same protein radioiodinated with a second isotope of iodine (125I vs. 131I) to separately determine the PS and Vp values. The plasma washout showed a decreasing plasma half-life in the order of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) < neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) < ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) < nerve growth factor (NGF). The PS at the BNB for NGF was 1.40 +/- 0.15 x 10(-6) ml/g/s (mean +/- SEM). The other neurotrophic proteins were all significantly higher than NGF (CNTF: 9.5 x ; NT-3: 20.8 x ; BDNF: 18.9 x ). The Vp for NGF at the BNB was 1.92 +/- 0.12 microliters/g and was not significantly different from the other proteins except for NGF vs. BDNF (P < 0.05). The PS for NGF at the BBB ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 x 10(-6) ml/g/s for six different brain regions. The PS for CNTF ranged from 6.0 to 8.0-fold higher than NGF; NT-3: 10.6 to 15.2-fold higher; and BDNF: 11.3 to 16.4-fold higher. The Vp values were not significantly different except for CNTF in the hippocampus and cortex (P < 0.05). SDS-PAGE analyses of all the radioiodinated neurotrophic proteins after 60 min of uptake revealed intact protein in the endoneurium and in the six different brain regions with exposure times of 2-42 days. The quantification of the permeability of these neurotrophic proteins provides baseline values for comparison of different protein modifications that enhance the PS while still preserving the neurotrophic activity (e.g., protein glycation; Poduslo and Curran, Mol. Brain Res., 23 (1994) 157). Enhanced permeability following modification might allow the use of systematic delivery of these proteins for practical therapeutic treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
Polyaniline/polyimide blends for pervaporation and gas separation studies

Abstract Free-standing fully dense films have been successfully produced from drying blends of polyaniline and a polyamic acid precursor to polyimide. These blends exhibit an improved thermal stability relative to polyaniline. In gas permeability studies, a polyaniline/polyimide blend has a greater gas selectivity and shows an increase in permeability for all gases studied relative to polyimide. Pervaporation of water and water/acetic acid mixtures has been performed using these blends. The selectivity of the blends for water/acetic acid mixtures is considerably improved from that of undoped polyaniline and is comparable to that of HCl doped polyaniline. This is consistent with some of the polyamic acid acting as a “polymeric” dopant. The polymeric dopants also lead to lower fluxes for water/acetic acid relative to undoped polyaniline.
Herding with collective preferences

This paper studies a simple model of observational learning where agents care not only about the information of others but also about their actions. We show that despite complex strategic considerations that arise from forward-looking incentives, herd behavior can arise in equilibrium. The model encompasses applications such as sequential elections, public good contributions, and leadership charitable giving.
Bilingual Literacies, Social Identification, and Educational Trajectories.

Abstract In this article, I examine how transnational students’ educational trajectories are shaped by social relations and identity formation as developed in part through the medium of school-based bilingual literacy practices. By examining the educational trajectory of one young woman at an unusual, bilingual high school, I demonstrate that, in critical social interactions across classroom contexts, the student drew upon the locally defined model of school success to position herself – and be positioned – as a successful student through bilingual literacy practices. As her identity as a good student “thickened” over time, it shaped her opportunities for learning spoken and written English as well as other elements of the curriculum.
Spin of SU(2) chiral solitons.

Spin quantization ambiguity of the SU(2) (two-flavor) Skyrmion is reexamined by exploiting its analogy to the top, as a mechanical model of spin. The Skyrme model is considered to be an idealization of a {ital linear} {sigma} model, analogous to the idealization made when representing a top as a rigid body. The soliton of the linear {sigma} model is not topologically, but rather {ital energetically} stable. It is shown that, in the absence of fermions, it must be quantized as an integer-spin object. It is also shown that the half-integer spin of the considered soliton arises from vacuum fluctuations of only up and down quarks; i.e., there is no need of introducing the third flavor.
Information "uptrieval": exploring models for content assimilation and aggregation for developing regions

Information Retrieval on the WWW is important because it is hard to find what one is looking for. There is a plethora of information available, and searching relevant information is a challenge. In the case of developing regions, we have the opposite problem: 1) Information availability of global markets is scarce. Most of the consumers and producers (of information as well as goods) are relegated to local markets in geographical vicinity. In order to reach wider markets, it is important for this local information to reach wider audiences. (Local information for global consumption LIG model). (2) At the same time, locally relevant information, such as delays in bus/train timings, mobile medical van schedule changes, electricity outage timings, is not easily available either. (Local information for local consumption LIL model). We introduce the term Information Uptrieval to address the reverse problem of acquiring, assimilating, aggregating and uploading global and local information that is relevant for developing regions to a platform that improves the reach of the information. While the WWW is an obvious example of one such platform, given the low internet penetration in such regions, we need to explore effective alternatives. Several innovative, but disconnected approaches have been attempted to address the information uptrieval problem, ranging from the use of DVDs (eSagu, http://www.esagu.in/esagu) through the use of wireless stations on motorcycles (First Mile Solutions, http://www.firstmilesolutions.com). Many of these have met with reasonable success in their pilot deployments.
Democracy’s “Free School”: Tocqueville and Lieber on the Value of the Jury

This essay discusses the jury’s value in American democracy by examining Alexis de Tocqueville’s analysis of the jury as a free school for the public. His account of jury socialization, which stressed lay deference to judges and trust in professional knowledge, was one side of a complex set of ideas about trust and authority in American political thought. Tocqueville’s contemporary Francis Lieber held juries to have important competencies and to be ambivalent rather than deferential regarding court professionals. The nineteenth-century courtroom exhibited such ambivalence and was marked by institutional conflict involving increasing professional authority demanded by the bench and populist counter-pressures. Assessing the value of the jury today may require some of the conceptual tools Tocqueville offers, but must also renew an appreciation of the jury as a site that utilizes already existing juridical capabilities of lay people and thus re-conceive the relationship between lay people and court professionals.
Cell Type-Specific Targeting with Surface-Engineered Lentiviral Vectors Co-displaying OKT3 Antibody and Fusogenic Molecule

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a T-cell-related targeting method using a lentiviral vector-based gene delivery system.
Preparative resolution and identification of synaptic components of rat neocortex

A varity of density gradient centrifugation techniques have been used with varying degrees of success, for the preparative resolution of pinched off nerve endings, i.e. “synaptosomes,” and synaptic components from brain homogenates. The physics of such gradients was critically considered from the standpoint of improving the degree of resolution of particulate classes and preserving morphological integrity. A procedure, using continuous linear Ficoll gradients, is presented which yields improved particulate resolution with good preservation of ultrastructural morphology. Further purification of the membraneous fraction yielded relatively high purity preparations of PSM particulates. The PSM particulates were identified as dissociated postsynaptic membranes by three kinds of electron microscope studies. Broad field electron micrographs, which permit assessment of fraction homogeneity, are presented for all fractions.
Successful Treatment of Postintubation Subglottic Stenosis with Intralesional Steroid Injections

Abstract Traditional methods of managing postintubation subglottic stenosis include repeated dilation and various surgical procedures. None gives good results with any frequency. Encouraged by reported success with intralesional steroid injections for esophageal stricture, we successfully treated a patient with subglottic stenosis using steroid injections and dilations after a program of dilations alone had resulted in alarming clinical deterioration. The method merits further consideration.
PERSISTENCE OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALLS RELATED TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF RABBIT DERMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Antibodies specific for the mucopeptide and group-specific C polysaccharide antigens of Group A streptococcal cell walls were prepared by acid dissociation of immune precipitates, and labeled with either fluorescein or (125)I. Employing both fluorescent and radioautographic procedures the persistence of the antigens was followed in skin sites injected with cell wall fragments. Both antigens persisted within macrophages for at least 54 days in those animals which developed no chronic tissue response. In animals which did develop chronic nodular lesions the concentration of antigen decreased as the inflammatory process subsided. Lesion activity was thus associated with the presence of cell wall material. The fate of these antigens was also determined following the intradermal injection of intact Group A streptococcal cells. Cell wall antigens persisted in the tissue site considerably longer than morphologically identifiable streptococci, indicating that cell wall fragments are released during dismantling of streptococci in phagocytic cells.
‘Illegal’ crossing, historical memory and postcolonial agency in Laila Lalami's Hope and other dangerous pursuits

In the last two decades, illegal immigration has taken front stage as an issue that not only affects the economies of both home and host countries, but also brings a range of socio-cultural problems to the fore. Relationships between such cultures have additional dimensions when the two countries have shared a colonial past, such as seen in Hispano-Moroccan relations. Laila Lalami's 2005 novel, Hope and other dangerous pursuits, explores the complex economy that subtends illegal immigration by Moroccans to Spain and highlights many of the socio-economic factors that prompt immigration while exploring the deep cultural and psychological distress that often results from this transnational mobility. Through the stories of several individuals, we see how current lives continue to be haunted by past history and entrenched memories of colonialism. Such memories implicate a postcolonial politics of identity construction and othering by both Spaniards and Moroccans. This article explores how Lalami's novel illumi...
A Different Way to SortM-Order, Colored Generalized Frobenius Partitions

Abstract In this paper an alternative method of sorting M -order, colored generalized Frobenius partitions is presented. As a consequence of this new method of sorting we are able to prove identities relating colored, generalized Frobenius partitions with 2 and 10 colors and those with 3 and 9 colors.
Identification of a novel phosphorylation site in c-jun directly targeted in vitro by protein kinase D

Protein kinase D (PKD) phosphorylates the c-jun amino-terminal in vitro at site(s) distinct from JNK [C. Hurd, R.T. Waldron, E. Rozengurt, Protein kinase D complexes with c-jun N-terminal kinase via activation loop phosphorylation and phosphorylates the c-jun N-terminus, Oncogene 21 (2002) 2154-2160], but the sites have not been identified. Here, metabolic (32)P-labeling of c-jun protein in COS-7 cells indicated that PKD phosphorylates c-jun in vivo at a site(s) between aa 43-93, a region containing important functional elements. On this basis, the PKD-mediated phosphorylation site(s) was further characterized in vitro using GST-c-jun fusion proteins. PKD did not incorporate phosphate into Ser63 and Ser73, the JNK sites in GST-c-jun(1-89). Rather, PKD and JNK could sequentially phosphorylate distinct site(s) simultaneously. By mass spectrometry of tryptic phosphopeptides, Ser58 interposed between the JNK-binding portion of the delta domain and the adjacent TAD1 was identified as a prominent site phosphorylated in vitro by PKD. These data were further supported by kinase reactions using truncations or point-mutations of GST-c-jun. Together, these data suggest that PKD-mediated phosphorylation modulates c-jun at the level of its N-terminal functional domains.
Effect of xylazine on interovulatory interval and serum progesterone concentrations in the horse mare.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the α2-adrenergic agonist, xylazine, on interovulatory interval and progesterone concentrations in the horse mare. Mares were assigned to one of four treatments: Group 1 (controls) received an intramuscular injection (i.m.) of 5 cc saline (n=6), Group 2 received 10 mg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) i.m. (n=5), Group 3 received 500 mg xylazine i.m. (n=6) and group 4 received an intravenous injection (i.v) of 350 mg xylazine (n=6). Treatment was administered on Day 10 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = Day of detected ovulation). There was no difference in length of interovulatory interval between PGF2α-treated mares and control mares (mean ± SEM; 18.8 ± 1.0 versus 21.7 ± 1.6 d). When compared with either xylazine-treated group, PGF2α-treated mares had a shorter interovulatory interval (18.3 ± 1.0 d versus 22.2 ± 0.6 and 22.8 ± 1.3 d, respectively; P 10 ng/ml, therefore the onset of luteolysis was defined as the day of the estrous cycle when progesterone concentrations decreased below 10 ng/ml. In PGF2α-treated mares, this event occurred earlier than in any other group (Day 11.2 ± 0.2 of the estrous cycle versus 16.0 ± 1.3 for control, Day 15.7 ± 0.2 for Group 3 and Day 15.2 ± 0.6 for Group 4; P < 0.002). It was concluded that a single treatment with xylazine, either by an intramuscular or intravenous route, had no significant effect on interovulatory interval or progesterone concentrations in horse mares.
Optimization of the sulfuric acid process with a flowsheet simulator

Abstract The sulfuric acid process is one of the oldest and most common in the chemical industry. Due to stricter pollution regulations, this process has recently received broader application to the production of sulfuric acid from SO2 in the waste gases from metallurgical roasting. Little work has been reported on the economic optimization of the sulfuric acid process, particularly for metallurgical operations. This paper presents a method for simulation and optimization of the sulfuric acid process using the PROPS simulation model and the adaptive random search algorithm. Optimal results are presented for plants to handle various SO2 gas strengths and to meet different pollution regulations. The effectiveness of the optimization is measured by comparing the cost of the simulation and optimization study with the improvement in annual earnings for older, near optimal, plants and modern facilities.
Experimental investigation of the dynamic elastic modulus and vibration damping in MoSi 2 -30%Si 3 N 4 as a function of temperature

The dynamic elastic modulus, E, and vibration damping of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) with 30% volume addition of silicon nitride (Si3N4) were measured at varying temperatures using the piezoelectric ultrasonic composite oscillator technique (PUCOT). The value of the elastic modulus of the composite was observed to decrease as temperature, T, was increased. The value of dE/dT of MoSi2 was determined to be −0.03 GPa/K. The vibration damping of MoSi2-30%Si3N4 increased as temperature was increased, with an effective activation energy of 0.076 eV/atom. This was an average over the entire temperature range, but two distinct slopes were observed in the plot of damping versus inverse temperature.
Modeling and Experimental Vibration Analysis of Nanomechanical Cantilever Active Probes With Application to Ultra Small Mass Detection

This paper presents a precise modeling framework for modal characterization and dynamic response analysis of nanomechanical cantilever Active Probes with geometrical discontinuities. An experimental setup consisting of a commercial NMC Active Probe from Veeco and a state-of-the-art microsystem analyzer, the MSA-400 from Polytec, for non-contact vibration measurement is developed to verify the theoretical derivations. Mode shapes and modal frequency response of system for the first three modes obtained from the proposed model are compared with those obtained from the experiment and commonly used theory for uniform beams. Results indicate that the uniform beam model fails to accurately predict the actual system response in multiple-mode operation, while the proposed discontinuous beam model demonstrates good agreement with the experimental data. The Active Probe is then utilized in an ultra small mass detection application. For this, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to measure the added mass at the most sensitive mode of operation. Results indicate detection of tip masses as small as a few hundreds of picograms.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipopolysaccharide on complement activation and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

ABSTRACT. Purified lipopolysaccharide (I.PS) from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was examined for its capacity to interact with human hemolytic complement, generate conversion products of C3, C4, and factor B. stimulate C5a activity, and affect human neutrophil chemiluminescence and phagocytosis. Salmonella typhimurium LPS and Salmonella minnesota Rb LPS (R345 mutant) were examined for comparison. Incubation of Hib LPS with human serum deficient in globulin or with normal human serum containing 10mM EGTA and 7 mM MgCl2 resulted in some depletion of hemolytic complement and conversion of C3 to degradation products (determined by inhibition of passive hemolysis and electrophoresis/immunofixation, respectively), indicating that complement activation occurred by the alternative pathway. Complement activation by Hib LPS and S. minnesota Rb LPS was similar, but significantly less effective than by S. typhimurium LPS, (p < 0.01). Solubilized Hib lipid A, but not LPS, induced conversion products of C 4 in hypogammaglobulinemic serum, indicating activation of the classical pathway. Similar levels of C5a activity were generated by incubation of Hib LPS and S. tryphimurium LPS in hypogammaglobulinemic serum, as determined by neutrophil shape change and neutrophil aggregation. Hib LPS directly stimulated neutrophil chemiluminescence, whereas S. typhimurium LPS had little effect. Phagocytosis of radiolabeled, opsonized Hib by neutrophils was diminished by S. minnesota Rb LPS, Hib LPS, or solubilized Hib lipid A (p < 0.001). but was slightly increased by S. typhimurium LPS. Neither the oligosaccharide of Hib LPS or Hib capsular polysaccharide was capable of interacting with complement or altering neutrophil chemiluminescence or phagocytosis. These results indicate that in comparison to S. typhimurium LPS, Hib LPS was less effective at activating complement, but more effective at impairing polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
Sensitivity analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP laminates

Abstract Numerical procedures are proposed to predict the failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) laminates. The framework of damage mechanics was used during the modeling. Numerical results were validated against experimental data obtained from 19 beams strengthened with different types of FRP. These beams failed by concrete crushing, cover failure and plate debonding. The numerical models were capable of predicting the experimentally observed load–deflection, failure load and failure modes. The sensitivity of the numerical results was studied. In particular, the effect of the concrete constitutive behavior and different modeling considerations was evaluated. It was found that the fracture energy of the concrete–repair interface plays a central part in predicting plate-debonding failures.
Melt growth of ternary chalcogenides

Abstract A modified Stockbarger technique developed for the melt growth of high optical quality proustite and pyrargyrite has been extended to the synthesis of single crystal ingots of ternary chalcogenides of the IB-VB-VIB and IIIB-VB-VIB groups. Special techniques required for materials preparation and purification and subsequent single crystal growth are described in detail. Characterization of these materials involving electrical and optical properties is presented. Resistivities from less than 1 Ω-cm to 10 8 Ω-cm have been measured.
Analysis of the rotational spectrum of the ground and first torsional excited states of monodeuterated ethane, CH 3 CH 2 D

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of mono-deuterated ethane, CH 3 CH 2 D, has been measured up to 1600 GHz and spectroscopic constants have been fit to 984 transitions in the ground state and 422 transitions in the first torsional excited state ( ν 18 ). Analyses of the ground state data were performed with the programs SPFIT, ERHAM and XIAM and of the first torsional state with SPFIT and ERHAM to extract molecular and spectroscopic constants. A combined fit of both states using ERHAM was used to determine ρ = 0.4344026(68), which in the symmetric limit is the ratio Iα/Iz and a measure of the periodicity of the internal rotation energy with K and the energy differences between the A and E torsional substates, Δ E ( E – A ), of 74.167(18) and −3382.23(34) MHz for the ground and excited states, respectively. Using these energy differences and the overtone transitions Δ v = 2 from Raman measurements in the literature, the coefficients V 3 and V 6 of the potential function of the internal rotation in CH 3 CH 2 D were determined as V 3 = 1004.56(4) cm −1 and V 6 = 7.09(12) cm −1 . This analysis lays the ground work for the assignment of the IR spectrum of CH 3 CH 2 D between (680–880 cm −1 ) which will help quantify isotopic ratios by remote sensing missions.
Delayed Anaphylaxis to Red Meat in Patients with IgE Specific for Galactose alpha-1,3-Galactose (alpha-gal)

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be rapidly progressing and fatal. In instances where the triggering allergen is not known, establishing the etiology of anaphylaxis is pivotal to long-term risk management. Our recent work has identified a novel IgE antibody (Ab) response to a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), that has been associated with two distinct forms of anaphylaxis: (1) immediate onset anaphylaxis during first exposure to intravenous cetuximab, and (2) delayed onset anaphylaxis 3–6 h after ingestion of mammalian food products (e.g., beef and pork). The results of our studies strongly suggest that tick bites are a cause, if not the only significant cause, of IgE Ab responses to alpha-gal in the southern, eastern and central United States. Patients with IgE Ab to alpha-gal continue to emerge and, increasingly, these cases involve children. This IgE Ab response cross-reacts with cat and dog but does not appear to pose a risk for asthma; however, it may impair diagnostic testing in some situations.
THE EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRY, ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, AND HEAT OF FORMATION OF ORTHO-BENZYNE

Abstract Ab initio calculations at the SCF and Cl level have been carried out for the singlet ground state of ortho-benzyne (1,2,-dehydrobenzene) at a variety of C 2v molecular geometries. The principal features of the equilibrium geometry are: (1) an “acetylenic” C 1 C 2 bond (1.22 A): (2) a C 4 C 5 bond slightly elongated (1.42 A) with respect to benzene; (3) no elongation of the C 2 C 3 and C 1 C 6 bonds, due to the high s-character and angular deviation of the hybrid orbitals. Extended basis SCF calculations lead to an estimate of ≈ 120 kcal/mole for the Δ H 298° f of o -benzyne.
Infrared and terahertz generation by ultrafast laser pulses

In this paper, we will present our preliminary results on our development of infrared and terahertz generation by ultrafast laser pulses. The objective of this project is to develop (i) portable and cost effective spatially coherent broadband Infrared (IR) and Terahertz (THz) illuminating light sources. To effectively generate spatially coherent broadband IR and THz sources, we use a novel nonlinear optical technical approach by harnessing the huge nonlinear effect of the specially designed and fabricated photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The major merits of these unique light sources are: (1) broad band (covering a wide range of spectroscopic signatures), (2) spatially coherent (so that beams can be delivered to the far distance like laser beams), (3) compact, portable and small footprint (all fiber design), (4) cost effective (traditional approaches such as cascaded laser systems are complicated and expensive for covering broadband).
Harnessing the power of cell-penetrating peptides: activatable carriers for targeting systemic delivery of cancer therapeutics and imaging agents

Targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics and imaging agents aims to enhance the accumulation of these molecules in a solid tumor while avoiding uptake in healthy tissues. Tumor-specific accumulation has been pursued with passive targeting by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as with active targeting strategies. Active targeting is achieved by functionalization of carriers to allow specific interactions between the carrier and the tumor environment. Functionalization of carriers with ligands that specifically interact with overexpressed receptors on cancer cells represents a classic approach to active tumor targeting. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) provide a non-specific and receptor-independent mechanism to enhance cellular uptake that offers an exciting alternative to traditional active targeting approaches. While the non-specificity of CPP-mediated internalization has the intriguing potential to make this approach applicable to a wide range of tumor types, their promiscuity is, however, a significant barrier to their clinical utility for systemically administered applications. Many approaches have been investigated to selectively turn on the function of systemically delivered CPP-functionalized carriers specifically in tumors to achieve targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics and imaging agents.
“This Special Shell”: The Church Building and the Embodiment of Memory

Religious, congregational, individual, and community memories are embodied in church buildings. Under normal circumstances these memories sit harmoniously together. Once the church building is destined for closure, however, the equilibrium of the memory platforms is disrupted, often causing conflict. The value of associating memory with a building is questioned, especially when such attachments are seen to impede the rationalisation of church assets. Through the process of closure and afterwards, the memory patterns and associations are reorganised, redrawn, and reprioritised. This article examines these memory shifts in the context of Australian religious history from the 1970s to the present day. Special attention is given to the Uniting Church in Australia.
Oropharyngeal hairy polyp with meningothelial elements

The so-called hairy or teratoid polyp is a rare lesion of bigerminal origin that comprises elements derived from both ectodermal and mesodermal cell lines. In this article we report the presence of meningothelial elements in a hairy polyp, a previously undescribed component of this entity. The lesion was characterized by a pedunculated outgrowth from the hard palate. The surface of the outgrowth was covered by squamous epithelium and a central core of fibroadipose tissue, pilosebaceous glands, cleftlike pseudovascular spaces, and groups of epithelioid cells. These reticulated and cellular foci had the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of meningothelial tissue.
Stabilizing effects of surface-active agents on a film flow

The effects of surface-active agents on the stability of a liquid film is reinvestigated. The present analysis differs from the previous works in the treatment of the surface boundary conditions. The well-known damping and stabilizing effects of surface-active agents are shown to be due to the redistribution of surface material caused by wave motions and diffusion. The equations of neutral stability for both cases of soluble and insoluble surface-active agents are obtained.
Detecting biomolecules with nanoscale active electronic devices

Nanoscale electronic devices offer bio-detection schemes that are complementary to optical detection methods. This paper reviews the utilization of field effect transistor devices with carbon nanotubes as conducting channels - the device architectures and detection schemes are reviewed in the paper 5592-34 presented at this meeting- for the detection and monitoring biological processes such as ligand-receptor interactions and enzymatic processes. A complex device with both biological and electronic functionality is also discussed.
Framing Obesity: The Evolution of News Discourse on a Public Health Issue

The public debate on obesity will turn on the question of who or what is responsible for causing and curing this emerging epidemic. Previous research suggests that public health problems become ame...
WE-G-220-01: Thermal Dosimetry Issues in Thermal Therapy

Minimally invasive thermal therapies deliver heat to tissue in a controlled manner in order to modulate a host of microscopic and macroscopic events in tissue. Irreversible tissue damage from heating is a cumulative process that depends on exposure time as well as temperature and is often an endpoint for thermal therapies, particularly thermal ablation.Models for predicting the extent of damage after exposure to heat have been implemented and investigated in cells and tissue. With respect to rapid, high temperature ablations, the most often used approaches include simple temperature threshold models, Arrhenius rate models, and cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM 43°C). While displaying significantly different responses at lower temperatures or long exposure times, these approaches are more closely related at higher temperatures. In cases where the ability to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of heat and resulting damage is realizable, comparisons between these models are possible and useful for comparing with results from imaging and/or pathology correlates. Here we provide a review of the different models for high‐temperature ablations and use magnetic resonance temperature imaging results of thermal ablations, compared to with post‐treatment imaging or histology to illustrate some of the differences between these models when used for predicting outcomes in thermal therapy. Implications for therapy monitoring and guidance are discussed as are future prospects for predicting iso‐effects other than tissue destruction in tissue. Educational Objectives: 1. Learn basic concepts of thermal dosimetry 2. Understand current usage and potential limitations of applying current models
Amorphous and crystalline IrO2 thin films as potential stimulation electrode coatings

Abstract Amorphous and crystalline iridium oxide thin films with potential use as coating materials for stimulation electrodes were studied. Characterization of these films by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy has revealed a considerable decrease in impedance and an increase in charge capacity of iridium oxide thin films after an electrochemical activation process in 0.9% NaCl solution. The surface morphology of these films was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The two types of IrO 2 films were also compared under conditions relevant to applications as stimulation electrodes. The results indicate that amorphous IrO 2 films have significantly higher charge storage capacity and lower impedance than crystalline IrO 2 films. This makes the amorphous films a preferable coating material for stimulation applications.
Raman-Scattering Selection-Rule Breaking and the Density of States in Amorphous Materials

We present a calculation of the dielectric correlation function in glasses showing how the assumption of short correlation length for normal modes breaks the momentum selection rules and leads to expressions for the first-order Raman-scattering intensity in terms of the density-of-states functions and known frequency-dependent amplitudes.
THE ACTION OF GROWTH INHIBITORS ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE PEA.

The effects of growth inhibitors (fluorides, arsenites), idoacetate on carbohydrate metabolism in peas are examined. Differences in the effects of the inhibitors are discussed, including variations in metabolism correlated with each.
The language of enlightened politics: The Société de 1789 in the French revolution

The Societe de 1789 was a political club founded in early 1790 to propagate the ideals of the Revolution and the Enlightenment. A systematic analysis of the language found in the public discourse of the Societe using simple quantitative techniques suggests important distinctions in comparison to the language found in a baseline sample, a selection of the General Cahiers de doleances of 1789. It is further argued that these differences represent an Enlightened reforming tradition that carried into the French Revolution.
Preparation of poly (hydroxymethyl EDOT)/nano-silver composite films by oxidative polymerization with low-baking temperature, low resistance and good adhesion on PET substrate

Abstract Low-resistance films were prepared by polymerization of hydroxymethyl EDOT along with nano-Ag at low-baking temperature (below 120 °C) and low-silver contents (below 20 wt%) on PET substrate. The poly (hydroxymethyl EDOT)/nano-Ag composite films showed low resistance at 21 Ω/□ by spin-coating and at 196 m Ω/□ by drop-casting. We also compared the conductive inks of EDOT, AI4083, nano-Ag and hydroxymethyl EDOT/nano-Ag, and investigated their conductivity, film-forming property and adhesion property. The viscosity of hydroxymethyl EDOT/nano-Ag conductive ink was 12.2 cP at 25.9 °C and suitable for application in flexible plastic devices and inkjet printing technology.
Laser Photochemistry Of Gallium-Containing Compounds

The production of gas-phase gallium atoms in the photolysis of trimethylgallium has been investigated at 193 nm and at other laser wavelengths. Ground state (42P03/2) and metastable (4 2P01/2) gallium atoms are detected using laser-induced fluorescence techniques. Our results indicate that gallium atoms continue to be produced at long times after the laser pulse. The observed dependences on photolysis laser fluence, trimethylgallium pressure, and buffer gas pressure are consistent with a mechanism in which highly excited gallium methyl radicals undergo unimolecular decomposition to produce gallium atoms. Since this process is observed to happen on the time scale of hundreds of microseconds, these results have important implications for studies of metal deposition and direct laser writing by laser photolysis of organometallic compounds.
THE CORRELATION AND PREDICTION OF THE VISCOSITIES OF MIXTURES OVER A WIDE RANGE OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

A generalized corresponding states principle (GCSP) based on the known properties of two reference fluids has been used to correlate the viscosities of fluid mixtures over a wide range of pressure and temperature. It is shown that good predictions of the viscosities for a variety of mixtures can be obtained with this method. Asymmetric mixtures, however, require the use of one adjustable constant. Comparisons with the TRAPP method are shown and the advantages and limitations of the two methods are discussed.
Anthocyanin production from Vaccinium pahalae: limitations of the physical microenvironment.

Abstract Physical microenvironmental parameters conducive to production of flavonoids in vitro from continuous Vaccinium pahalae suspension cultures were examined first in shake flask culture experiments, and results were used to guide adaptations of a bioreactor production environment. Anthocyanin pigments were primarily concentrated in smaller aggregates up to 519 μm diameter. Agitation at 150 rpm and routine use of a mechanical scraper to periodically retrieve cells thrown out of solution was sufficient to keep productive plant cell aggregates in bioreactor suspension. A set up for enhanced irradiance with mercury lamps providing an average of 240 μmol m−2 s−1 PPF at the inner surface of the bioreactor vessel was required to sustain anthocyanin productivity through a 10-day production cycle.
An Overview of Experimental U.S. Consumer Price Indexes

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) has come under intense scrutiny in recent years. To help assess potential differences between what the CPI measures and how it is used for various purposes, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has created a series of experimental price indexes. This article contrasts how the CPI is currently constructed with those experimental indexes. Specifically, experimental CPPs have been constructed for two population groups, older Americans and poor Americans. In addition, experimental geometric-mean and superlative indexes have been developed that move the CPI away from its traditional “fixed-market-basket” concept.
Sequences of linear type

Let A be a commutative ring, 91 an ideal of A, S,(2l) the symmetric algebra of $8, and R,,,(Vl) the Recs algebra of VI. There is a canonical surjection x S,(%) --+ K,(%) which is homogeneous of degree zro and therefore gives canonical surjcctions r,: F,(%) + ‘91’ for every integer t 3 0. Many recent papers [ 1, 2, 4: 5, 7, Cc] have investigated the problem of determining which ideals 91 have the property that “A is an isomorphism. Such ideals have been dubbed ideals of‘ lineur type’ [S]. For example, Huneke showed that every ideal generated by a d-sequence is of linear type [71. If (II is generated by n elements a, ,..., a,, then for t 3 I there is an exact scquencc
Properties of neuronal lipofuscin pigment in mice.

The physical and chemical properties of the lipofuscin pigment have been studied in the neurons of C57 BL/10 mice of different ages. The results indicated the presence of two types of lipofuscin with different physical and chemical properties. The properties of these two types of lipofuscin have been discussed. It appears that the two types of lipofuscin found in young and old mice differ in their distribution, stainability, solubility, enzymatic activity, and fluorescence properties. It is suggested that these represent early and late stages in lipofuscin formation of the neurons. The pigment observed in animals deprived of Vitamin E was atypical in nature and did not conform to either of the types mentioned above.
Conditioning tastant and the acquisition of conditioned taste avoidance to drugs of abuse in DBA/2J mice

Rationale: Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) produced by drugs of abuse such as morphine and cocaine has been interpreted as representing the rewarding actions of these drugs. Evidence for this interpretation is based, in part, on findings in rats indicating saccharin is a more effective conditioning flavor compared to salt (NaCl). However, our studies with ethanol have found salt to be a highly effective conditioning flavor in mice. Objectives: The present series of studies examined the acquisition of CTA to morphine, ethanol, lithium chloride, and cocaine. Further, saccharin and salt were utilized in each experiment in order to determine effectiveness of each flavor to serve as a conditioning stimulus. Methods: In four separate experiments, adult male DBA/2J mice were acclimated to a 2 h/day water restriction regimen. Subsequently they received four conditioning trials consisting of 1 h access to either 0.15% w/v saccharin or 0.1 M salt followed by 0, 10 or 20 mg/kg morphine (experiment 1), 0, 2, or 4 g/kg ethanol (experiment 2), 0, 1.5 or 3.0 milliequivalents/kg lithium chloride (experiment 3) or 0, 10 or 20 mg/kg cocaine (experiment 4). A fifth flavor access period (trial 5) was not followed by drug exposure. Following trial 5, each subject received 24-h access to the conditioning flavor and water (two-bottle test 1). Control subjects (0 dose groups from each experiment) received a second two-bottle test with 24-h access to both saccharin and salt flavors. Results: Reduced flavor intake and reduced flavor preference was noted in all drug-paired groups in each experiment. However, more rapid development of CTA was seen with the saccharin flavor in morphine- or cocaine-paired groups. In contrast, ethanol-induced CTA appeared more rapidly with the salt flavor. Lithium-induced CTA was modest, and emerged equally with either flavor. Conclusions: CTA induced by morphine or cocaine in mice occurs in a similar pattern to that seen in rats, and these findings agree with an interpretation based on drug reward. In contrast, ethanol-induced CTA is more likely attributable to aversive effects.
More on Concepts of Statistical Evidence

Abstract A self-contained account is given of the implications among the sufficiency, conditionality and likelihood axioms of statistical evidence for the discrete case. These include a previously unpublished derivation of sufficiency from conditionality. The nondiscrete case is discussed with reference to the same relation, and to the significance of nonunique determination of density and likelihood functions. The writer's current views on this problem area are indicated briefly.
Quantitative characterization of scratch and mar behavior of polymer coatings

Abstract Scratch and mar damage of automotive topcoats is of increasing concern to the automobile industry and its customers. To better characterize and understand the scratch and mar behavior, we developed a nanoscratch technique to measure important mechanical quantities with high precision. With this technique, mar behavior can be studied in two steps: the damage formation process and the relationship between damage morphology and visual impact. The scratch and mar performance can be evaluated based on plastic and fracture resistance of coatings. In this paper, we will focus on micro-mechanical aspects of scratch deformation. A detailed investigation suggests that the oscillation of measured quantities during scratch damage results from fracture not stick-slip events. For the case discussed here, cracks start in the scratch direction and then gradually propagate 30° away from the direction, which suggests cracks were initiated by tensile stress in front of the indentor.
A Review of: “David O. Sears, Leonie Huddy, and Robert Jervis: Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology John Jost and Jim Sidanius: Political Psychology: Key Readings”

David O. Sears, Leonie Huddy, and Robert Jervis: Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology (Oxford University Press. 2003. 832 pp.) John Jost and Jim Sidanius: Political Psychology: Key Readings. (Ne...
Electron spin resonance in X-irradiated β-alanine

Abstract Electron spin resonance spectra of X-irradiated powder and single crystal samples of β-alanine do not exhibit any change following several recrystallizations. This negative finding is contrary to a published report.
The Trim Problem

A problem of primary significance to a variety of industries is the suppression of trim losses in cutting rolls of paper, textiles, cellophane, metallic foil, or other material, for the execution of business orders. This problem is amenable to solution by the application of mathematical tools. We shall illustrate the general treatment of such problems by demonstrating a numerical example.
Crystal and molecular structure of the linear metal-chain semiconductor bis(1,2-benzoquinonedioximato)platinum(II), Pt(bqd)2

Abstract The full, three-dimensional crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by conventional single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The data were collected at room temperature by counter methods with a Syntex P21 four circle, computer controlled diffractometer using graphite monochromated MoKα radiation and θ 2θ scans (0° 3.5σ(I)) to a final R = 5.2% for all nonhydrogen atoms. The lattice is built up of neutral, completely coplanar Pt(bqd)2 complexes with the Pt(II) core at the molecular center of symmetry. The four N atoms of the bidentate chelating ligands are arranged in a rectangle around the central metal ion at a distance MN = 1.99 A. The flat complex units are stacked equidistantly one on top of the other along the c-axis with the molecular planes disposed strictly perpendicular to the stacking direction. The nearest neighbors within a stack are staggered by an angle of 93°. The Pt(II) sites are aligned in “infinite” straight chains with a regular PtPt contact of only 3.173 A ( c 2 ), the shortest observed so far in unoxidized 1,2-dionedioximates of transition metal ions. This unusually short intermetallic separation is most reasonably linked to the large ligand-induced nephelauxetic effect of the Pt d8-shell.