cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolution of the spin states of a superconductor by tunneling from a ferromagnet

Abstract Conductance measurements of tunnel junctions formed between a superconductor (thin A1) and a ferromagnetic metal (Ni) in a magnetic field are used to resolve the tunneling conductance into conductances for each of the electron spin directions. This resolution can be used to obtain the spin densities of states of high field superconductors for which spin scattering processes are important.
Validation of dental implant systems through a review of literature supplied by system manufacturers

Abstract Statement of problem. The use of endosseous implants to support and retain dental prostheses has become a routine treatment option in many dental practices. Although physical, mechanical, and chemical differences exist among implant systems, survival claims are similar. Purpose of study. This review solicited literature from six implant manufacturers that was thought, by their standards, to be pertinent to the validation of their implant system. Methods. The literature was reviewed and categorized. Conclusion. On the basis of the literature supplied by the manufacturers, only one implant system demonstrated scientifically valid long-term success. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:271-9.)
Quantitative infrared imaging for the measurement of dopant distribution in gallium arsenide

Abstract This paper discusses a quantitative infrared imaging technique for measurement of dopant distribution for n-type semiconductors such as selenium-doped GaAs. It is demonstrated that the dopant distribution for an entire axial slice may be found using this technique. The imaging apparatus consists of a uniform light source, a narrow bandpass filter, a high resolution charged coupled divice (CCD) detector, and an image processor. Neutral density filters of known transmission are used to calibrate the grey level output of the image processor to transmission. The absorption coefficient is calculated based on the transmission, reflectance and thickness of the sample. The imaging is performed at 1.05 μm. Free carrier concentration is then found from its relation to the absorption coefficient. Grey level intensity of the sample can be used as a measure of free carrier concentration. This calibration is done assuming complete ionization of free carriers and that all absorption is due to free carriers. An illustration of the dopant distribution imaged for a longitudinal slice of a Czochralski grown bulk single crystal is shown as an example of this technique and compared to theoretical results.
Robotic trocar site small bowel evisceration after gynecologic cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Trocar site hernia is a known, rare complication after laparoscopic surgery. We describe a case of bowel herniation, evisceration, and bowel obstruction through an 8-mm robotic port site. CASE: A 67-year-old patient with endometrial cancer underwent an uncomplicated robotic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy. Four days later, she presented with symptoms of a small bowel obstruction and was found to have evisceration through a laterally placed 8-mm robotic port site. The bowel was reduced locally and the fascial defect repaired without midline laparotomy or bowel resection. CONCLUSION: Bowel herniation can occur through the fascial defect after placement of an 8-mm robotic port. Continued reporting is needed to accurately gauge the occurrence of this complication.
Patient Complaints and Adverse Surgical Outcomes

One factor that affects surgical team performance is unprofessional behavior exhibited by the surgeon, which may be observed by patients and families and reported to health care organizations in the form of spontaneous complaints. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between patient complaints and adverse surgical outcomes. A retrospective cohort study used American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from an academic medical center and included 10 536 patients with surgical procedures performed by 66 general and vascular surgeons. The number of complaints for a surgeon was correlated with surgical occurrences (P < .01). Surgeons with more patient complaints had a greater rate of surgical occurrences if the surgeon’s aggregate preoperative risk was higher (β = .25, P < .05), whereas there was no statistically significant relationship between patient complaints and surgical occurrences for surgeons with lower aggregate perioperative risk (β = −.20, P...
The second half of the journey: Spiritual leadership for organizational transformation

Abstract This article proposes a conceptual framework for spiritual leadership of organizational transformation. It begins by pointing out two challenges unaddressed in the current theories of spiritual leadership: 1) the growing epistemological critique of the existing empirical studies of organizational spirituality and 2) the need for a more robust and sophisticated understanding of the “spiritual” aspect of “spiritual leadership.” It addresses the challenges by drawing on Burrell and Morgan's organizational paradigms, Bernard Lonergan's philosophy, Daniel Helminiak's extension of Lonergan's work, and understandings of spiritual transformation from the field of spirituality. It illustrates spiritual leadership for organizational transformation by examining the case of Reell Precision Manufacturing.
Cyclothiazide decreases [3H]AMPA binding to rat brain membranes : evidence that AMPA receptor desensitization increases agonist affinity

Abstract The effects of cyclothiazide, a drug which blocks AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor desensitization, were tested on binding of [3HAMPA to rat brain membranes. Cyclothiazide reduced [3HAMPA binding by lowering the apparent affinity of the AMPA receptor. The magnitude of the decrease was temperature dependent and greater for membrane-bound than for solubilized receptors. These data provide evidence that desensitization increases the affinity of the AMPA receptor for agonists and indicate that a significant percentage of AMPA receptors in conventional equilibrium binding assays are in a desensitized state.
Utilization of Experiential Learning, and the Learning Outcomes Model Reduces RN Orientation Time by More Than 35%

Abstract Background Nursing orientation and transition to practice is a growing problem for hospitals. Experiential learning including simulation provides an opportunity to improve the transition to practice. Methods An experiential learning approach following the Learning Outcomes Model, including simulation and standardized patients, was utilized to increase RN competency in a shorter period of time. The program was piloted at a large independent academic medical center. Results A total of 153 RNs participated in the revised orientation during the pilot year. New graduate and experienced RNs had a 3.6- (34%) and 3.9-week reduction (37%) in orientation length respectively (p Conclusion The successful design of the orientation required changes in all three areas of the Learning Outcomes Model—the individual, experiences, and environment. Integrating experiential learning theory through the use of simulation-enhanced RN orientation resulted in more prepared RNs, improved communication among administrators, staff, and orientees, and a significant cost savings to the organization. Implementation of such programs may help centers to demonstrate similar outcomes (e.g., as returns on investment, increased buy-in, and obtaining resources).
Fast algorithms for layered media

Abstract This paper gives an overview of computational electromagnetics for simulating complex structures with a large number of unknowns using integral equation method. First, it discusses the pros and cons of differential equation solvers versus integral equation solvers. Then it gives an overview of different fast algorithms for solving integral equations. It also discusses the difficulty of solving electromagnetic problems in the “twilight zone” between static and full-wave electromagnetics. Finally, it discusses various methods for fast solutions of scattering and coupling problems involving layered media both for statics and dynamic problems, and presents some numerical results. To cite this article: W.C. Chew et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005).
Optical adiabatic spin transfer in diamond nitrogen vacancy centers

We develop control and measurement techniques for adiabatic population transfer of electron spins associated with nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.
Assessment of the Hemocue-b for measuring hemoglobin in horse blood.

Our purpose was to assess the accuracy and precision of a point of care hemoglobinometer (HemoCue-B hemoglobin photometer) for measuring hemoglobin concentration in horse blood. Samples of jugular venous blood from 12 healthy adult horses were collected in EDTA. In order to test the device over a wide range of values, each sample was divided into nine aliquots, and autologous plasma was added or removed from the aliquots to produce blood with PCV values that approximated 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The aliquots were rocked to ensure mixing of plasma and cells. Then hemoglobin by HemoCue-B (HbHQ) and hemoglobin by the cyanmethemoglobin method (HbCY) were measured on each aliquot. The PCV of each aliquot was also measured and this value was used for subsequent analyses. To test repeatability, hemoglobin was measured twice by the HemoCue-B on approximately 40% samples. Samples with HbHQ >25.4 g dL−1 required dilution prior to analysis. HbCY ranged from 1.6 to 33.4 g dL−1. After regression, HbCY = −0.16 + 1.04 HbHQ (n = 101; r2 = 99.6%). By inspection of a modified Bland-Altman plot, HbHQ values <16 g dL−1 closely approximated HbCY; however, at greater values, HbHQ underestimated HbCY by as much as 3.2 g dL−1. The difference between repeated measurements with the HemoCue-B was 0.02 ± 0.16 g dL−1 (mean ± SD; n = 10) and nonsignificant. After regression, PCV = −0.76 + 2.78 HbHQ (n = 101; r2 = 99.4%). We conclude that HemoCue-B can be used to measure hemoglobin concentration in horse blood, and that it is accurate when hemoglobin is <16 g dL−1. PCV can be estimated by multiplying HbHQ by 2.8 and then subtracting 0.8.
α-Smooth muscle actin and contractile behavior of bovine meniscus cells seeded in type I and type II collagen-GAG matrices

Many types of injuries to the meniscus of the knee joint result in defects that do not heal, leading to pain and dysfunction. Several ongoing investigations are developing porous absorbable matrices to be used alone or seeded with cultured cells to facilitate regeneration of this tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the contractile behavior of meniscal cells seeded in type I and type II collagen matrices. In many connective tissues, fibroblasts that have assumed a contractile phenotype (myofibroblasts) have been found to play an important role in healing and in pathological conditions. This phenotype, if expressed by meniscal cells, could affect their behavior in cell-seeded matrices developed for tissue engineering. In this study, the presence of a contractile actin isoform, alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin, was assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal calf meniscal tissue and in meniscal cells in 2- and 3-dimensional culture. Calf meniscus cells were seeded in type I and type II collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) matrices. The diameter of the matrices was measured every 2-3 days. Immunohistochemical staining of the 2-dimensional cultures for alpha-SM actin was performed after 1, 3, and 7 days and the staining of the seeded matrices was at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on selected samples. After 3 weeks the seeded type I matrices displayed a significant shrinkage of almost 50% whereas the type II matrix and both types of unseeded controls showed almost no contraction over the same time period. Positive staining for the alpha-SM actin phenotype was seen in 10% of the cells of the normal tissue but was present in all cells seeded in monolayer and in both types of matrices. TEM of representative cell-seeded matrices showed microfilaments approximately 7 nm thick, consistent with the myofibroblast phenotype. This is the first report of alpha-SM actin containing cells in the knee meniscus. The finding that, under certain conditions, meniscal cells can express the myofibroblast phenotype warrants study of their role in meniscal healing and the tissue response to implants to facilitate tissue regeneration.
What Makes the Man? Television Makeovers, Made-Over Masculinity, and Male Body Image

This article examines television makeover transformations of men, arguing that makeovers provide a means of observing how manliness is constructed by the media and how male identity and body image become implicated in gendered investments about masculinity. The televised “manly” makeover also offers an opportunity to observe the relation between men’s bodies and selfesteem. Since it is designed to heighten men’s sense of masculinity through a process that requires men to be passive in full view of an audience, the madeover man then comes to occupy a feminized position. He must be the object of the other’s gaze and accept externally determined changes of his body and self-presentation.
Activation of Annexin 7 by Protein Kinase C in Vitroand in Vivo

Annexin 7, a Ca(2+)/GTP-activated membrane fusion protein, is preferentially phosphorylated in intact chromaffin cells, and the levels of annexin 7 phosphorylation increase quantitatively in proportion to the extent of catecholamine secretion. Consistently, various protein kinase C inhibitors proportionately reduce both secretion and phosphorylation of annexin 7 in these cells. In vitro, annexin 7 is quantitatively phosphorylated by protein kinase C to a mole ratio of 2.0, and phosphorylation is extraordinarily sensitive to variables such as pH, calcium, phospholipid, phorbol ester, and annexin 7 concentration. Phosphorylation of annexin 7 by protein kinase C significantly potentiates the ability of the protein to fuse phospholipid vesicles and lowers the half-maximal concentration of calcium needed for this fusion process. Furthermore, other protein kinases, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and protein-tyrosine kinase pp60(c-)(src), also label annexin 7 with high efficiency but do not have this effect on membrane fusion. In the case of pp60(c-)(src), we note that this kinase, if anything, modestly suppresses the membrane fusion activity of annexin 7. These results thus lead us to hypothesize that annexin 7 may be a positive mediator for protein kinase C action in the exocytotic membrane fusion reaction in chromaffin cells.
Determination of the Weak Neutral-Current Couplings

A model-independent analysis of new data provides, for the first time, a unique determination of the weak neutral-current couplings of $u$ and $d$ quarks. Data for exclusive pion production are a crucial new input in this analysis.
Characterization of Amorphous and Crystalline Tin–Cobalt Anodes

Amorphous tin-cobalt is characterized and its electrochemical behavior compared to that of crystalline tin and tin-cobalt materials. It contains highly uniformed 5 nm diam nanoparticles, which are basically composed of amorphous SnCo and graphitic carbon, with a small amount of titanium. It shows excellent electrochemical behavior in lithium cells. The capacity stabilized at 400 mAh/g for 30 cycles at 0.5 mA/cm 2 , in contrast to crystalline tin that rapidly lost capacity after 10-12 deep cycles. © 2007 The Electrochemical Society. [DOL: 10.1149/1.2789418] All rights reserved.
Texture preservation in de-noising UAV surveillance video through multi-frame sampling

Image de-noising is a widely-used technology in modern real-world surveillance systems. Methods can seldom do both de-noising and texture preservation very well without a direct knowledge of the noise model. Most of the neighborhood fusion-based de-noising methods tend to over-smooth the images, which causes a significant loss of detail. Recently, a new non-local means method has been developed, which is based on the similarities among the different pixels. This technique results in good preservation of the textures; however, it also causes some artifacts. In this paper, we utilize the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) [1] method to find the corresponding region between different images, and then reconstruct the de-noised images by a weighted sum of these corresponding regions. Both hard and soft criteria are chosen in order to minimize the artifacts. Experiments applied to real unmanned aerial vehicle thermal infrared surveillance video show that our method is superior to popular methods in the literature.
Parallel Literacy Classes and Hidden Strengths: Learning To Read in English, Urdu and Classical Arabic.

The aim of this article is to explore young bilingual children’s early literacy experiences in three different languages, English, Urdu and classical Arabic, and in three strikingly different types of classes in England. It draws on a larger ethnographic study that sets out to discover what kinds of advantages or additional strengths bilingual children might bring from their community literacy practices and from their experiences of learning to read in two or more languages simultaneously into their English literacy lessons. The main focus of the article is on one bilingual boy, Ikram, of Pakistani background, who at the beginning of the study was 5 years old. The participant observations in these three different types of classes and audio and video tapes of some these lessons show that at the age of 7 Ikram has begun to read in three languages. I argue that in doing so he is developing additional strengths that are generally overlooked. These new types of literacy strengths derive from the fact he is learning to read simultaneously in three languages. Yet they remain hidden within his English lessons.
Can the Forearm's Bone Mineral, Lean, and Fat Mass Reflect the Total Body Composition in Neonates?

Can the Forearm's Bone Mineral, Lean, and Fat Mass Reflect the Total Body Composition in Neonates?
Experience report: playing the DSL card

This paper describes our experience using a functional language, Haskell, to build an embedded, domain-specific language (DSL) for component configuration in large-scale, real-time, embedded systems. Prior to the introduction of the DSL, engineers would describe the steps needed to configure a particular system in a handwritten XML document. In this paper, we outline the application domain, give a brief overview of the DSL that we developed, and provide concrete data to demonstrate its effectiveness. In particular, we show that the DSL has several significant benefits over the original, XML-based approach including reduced code size, increased modularity and scalability, and detection and prevention of common defects. For example, using the DSL, we were able to produce clear and intuitive descriptions of component configurations that were sometimes less than 1/30 of the size of the original XML.
Timing-driven nonuniform depopulation-based clustering

Low-cost FPGAs have comparable number of Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs) with respect to resource-rich FPGAs but have much less routing tracks. For CAD tools, this situation increases the difficulty of successfully mapping a circuit into the low-cost FPGAs. Instead of switching to resource-rich FPGAs, the designers could employ depopulation-based clustering techniques which underuse CLBs, hence improve routability by spreading the logic over the architecture. However, all depopulation-based clustering algorithms to this date increase critical path delay. In this paper, we present a timing-driven nonuniform depopulation-based clustering technique, T-NDPack, that targets critical path delay and channel width constraints simultaneously. T-NDPack adjusts the CLB capacity based on the criticality of the Basic Logic Element (BLE). Results show that T-NDPack reduces minimum channel width by 11.07% while increasing the number of CLBs by 13.28% compared to T-VPack. More importantly, T-NDPack decreases critical path delay by 2.89%.
The Duphar Lecture: on the etiology of alien, nonself attributes of schizophrenic 'voices'.

The etiology of schizophrenic hallucinations or ‘voices’ remains unknown. The following is a discussion of a hypothesis linking these hallucinatory phenomena to a disruption in discourse planning. The relationship between normal imagery and hallucination is discussed. The concept of ‘alien intentionality’ is introduced, and a theoretical argument is presented which links this phenomenon with the exteriorization of internal images. Statistical data linking discourse planning disruptions and schizophrenic data are reviewed, and a description of the treatment of a hallucinating schizophrenic via a novel type of speech therapy is described.
The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) synchronous impulse reconstruction (SIRE) forward-looking radar

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has designed and fabricated a forward-looking, impulse-based, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar for detection of concealed targets. This system employs a physical array of 16 receive antennas to provide the necessary aperture for sufficient cross-range resolution in the forward-looking geometry. Each antenna feeds a base-band receiver/digitizer that integrates the data from a number of radar pulses before passing it on to the personal computer (PC) based operator's console and display. The innovative ARL receiver design uses commercially available integrated circuits to provide a low-cost, lightweight digitizing scheme with an effective sampling rate of approximately 8 GHz. The design is extensible to allow for growth in the number of channels used and improvements in integrated circuit performance to eventually meet the expected unmanned ground vehicle combat pace. Down-range resolution is provided by the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse which occupies 300-3000 MHz. Range coverage is designed to be 25 meters with an adjustable start point forward of the vehicle. Modeling studies have shown that a pair of transmitters situated at the two ends of the receive array provides best performance in cross-range resolution. Radar data is continuously collected so that a horizontal two-dimensional synthetic aperture is formed for 3-D image formation. This allows focusing of the data to yield estimates of target height as well as position to tag potential obstacles as being negative (e.g. holes, ditches) or positive (e.g. tree stumps). The forward motion also improves the cross range resolution to targets as their aspect changes.
Rhode Island's Independent Man: Myth, Reality, and Challenge

(1987). Rhode Island's Independent Man: Myth, Reality, and Challenge. The Historian: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 194-203.
Intraspecific killing of a male ocelot

Raw data on the social behavior of secretive felids is often scant. A freshly killed ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) corpse was found at Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname. The specimen incurred damage to the neck, skull, upper vertebrae, and scapula. These injuries are consistent with the hypothesis that it was killed by a conspecific, most likely during a male-male interaction. This paper reviews the physical damage and the possible social scenarios that may have caused these injuries. While isolated, this incident can provide insight to a rarely seen behavior of a traditionally difficult to observe species.
Happy, mature, and gay: Intimacy, power, and difficult times in coming out stories

Abstract One hundred and seven gay men and lesbians wrote their coming out stories and completed measures of subjective well-being (SWB), meaning in life, and ego development (ED). Coming out stories were content analyzed for difficult times, intimacy, and power motive imagery. SWB and ED were both associated with telling stories rich in intimacy imagery. For lesbians only, difficult times were associated with heightened ED, while for gay men incorporating difficulties into one’s coming out story was negatively related to ED. Results are interpreted as suggesting the role of positive social relationships, and the capacity to incorporate these into one’s life story as an important aspect of maturity. Intimacy motivation in autobiographical memories may indicate growth and positive functioning through difficult life transitions.
Word associations of rural German children

Word associations of rural German children at first-, third-, and fifth-grade levels show patterns of paradigmatic responding like those seen in American children, although it seems that German children develop more slowly. Sex differences are much more noticeable than in American children. Residential locus (rural vs. urban) may explain more variance than differences between languages.
Thermoregulation of weaned northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups in air and water.

Abstract Fasting weaned northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris) experience diverse environmental conditions on land and in water on a daily basis. Each environment undoubtedly induces distinct energetic costs that may vary for pups of differing body condition. To determine the energetic costs associated with different environmental conditions and whether costs vary between individuals, body mass, surface area, volume, body composition, resting metabolic rate, and core body temperature were determined for 17 weaned northern elephant seal pups from Ano Nuevo, California. Metabolic rate and body temperature were measured for pups resting in air ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss...
Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts in adipose tissue of buttocks, thighs, and abdomen of women increase with advancing age

Circulating androstenedione is converted to estrone in adipose tissue, which is the principal site of estrogen biosynthesis in postmenopausal women. This reaction is catalyzed by a specific form of cytochrome P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene). The fractional conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone as well as the specific activity of aromatase in adipose stromal cells were previously shown to increase with advancing age. To determine whether this positive effect of aging on estrogen biosynthesis is due to an alteration in tissue levels of P450arom transcripts, we quantified P450arom mRNA levels in sc fat biopsy samples (n = 33) from buttocks, thighs, and abdomen of 11 women who ranged in age from 23-61 yr. Competitive polymerase chain reaction linked to reverse transcription was used to quantify P450arom transcripts in total RNA that was isolated from sc fat obtained by needle aspiration. In each sample, primer extension and coamplification of a rat P450arom cRNA as an internal standard were used to control possible differences in amplification efficiencies between samples. The results demonstrate that with advancing age in women, there is a progressive and statistically significant increase in adipose tissue P450arom transcript levels (normalized to total RNA content) in buttocks, thighs, and abdomen (correlation coefficients: r = 0.704, 0.854, and 0.933, respectively). The levels of transcripts observed in the older subjects reach 2- to 4-fold greater than those observed in the young women. Adipose tissue P450arom transcript levels were highest in the buttocks, followed by the thighs, and lowest in the abdomen. This increase in P450arom transcript levels is likely to be a major factor contributing to the increased extragonadal estrogen biosynthesis in elderly women.
Improved single-copy integration vectors for Staphylococcus aureus

We have previously reported the construction of Staphylococcus aureus single-copy integration vectors based on the lysogenic bacteriophage L54a site-specific recombination system. These vectors can replicate autonomously in Escherichia coli, which allows DNA manipulations. In S. aureus, the vectors, which do not possess staphylococcal replication function, can only be maintained by integrating into the chromosome. However, the original vectors have limited cloning sites and do not have protection from potential transcription of external promoters. Here we report the improved version of these vectors that circumvent these shortcomings. In addition, a second integration site based on the bacteriophage phi11 site-specific recombination system has been added such that the vectors can integrate either at the L54a attachment site or at the phi11 attachment site.
Grain Boundary Segregation of Sulfur and Antimony in Iron Alloys

A correlation between sulfur and antimony grain boundary segregation has been observed on inter-granular surfaces of iron by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The slope of a plot of S/Sb indicated a ratio of two antimony atoms per sulfur atom arriving at the grain boundary, while the ratio for the total S/Sb at the grain boundary was about 1.2. These results were obtained with Fe, Fe + 0.07Mn, Fe + 0.03Sb, Fe + 0.1Mn + 0.02Sb, and Fe + 0.1Mn + 0.05Sb (at. pct) alloys. Possible expla-nations for this correlated segregation, such as cosegregation of sulfur and antimony, precipitation of a thin layer of antimony sulfide, and compctitive segregation with carbon and nitrogen, were evalu-ated using AES, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning transmission electron mi-croscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (STEM-EDS). The results of these analyses indicated that there was no resolvable antimony sulfide phase in the grain boundary and that S and Sb were not chemically bound at the grain boundary in a two-dimensional phase. The S was shown to be strongly bound to the iron in a chemical state close to that of an iron sulfide, but the Sb was in the elemental state. Nor could this correlated segregation be satisfactorily explained by a cosegregation process nor by compctitive segregation with other elements. The most plausible explanation appears to involve the effect of sulfur on the activity/solubility of antimony or antimony on the activity/solubility of sul-fur, as explained by an increase in the ratioXc/XCo in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm adapted for equilibrium segregation in solids.
Multilayer microcantilever heater-thermometer with improved thermal resistance for nanotopography measurements

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of a multilayer cantilever structure having a doped silicon heater-thermometer separated from the silicon cantilever legs by a thermally insulating silicon nitride layer. The multilayer microcantilever can be heated above 600 °C. Highly sensitive thermal topography measurements were successfully demonstrated on a 20 nm tall silicon grating. The thermal topography results agree well with the conventional laser deflection measurements. We achieved a thermal topography reading sensitivity of 1.3×10{−4} nm−1 and a thermal topography resolution of 6.9 pm/√Hz. This compares well to published data on other types of cantilevers.
Identification of two cDNA clones coding for androgen-dependent polypeptides in rat ventral prostate.

Abstract cDNA clones were obtained by transformation of E. coli x1776 with pBR322 containing insert of ds cDNA synthesized from total rat prostate poly(A) RNA. Two prostate-specific cDNA clones were isolated by colony hybridization and identified by message selection/translation as encoding polypeptides of Mr: 13,500 and 9,300. Hybridization of poly(A) RNA from normal and castrated rat prostates to the cloned cDNAs indicated that the levels of mRNAs coding for Mr: 13,500 and 9,300 polypeptides are regulated by testosterone.
Effects of basement membranes on the behavior of hemocytes from Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae): Development of an in vitro encapsulation assay

The effects of culturing hemocytes from Pseudoplusia includens on the basement membrane preparation, Matrigel, were examined. Hemocytes in mixed populations did not spread on tissue culture plates coated with Matrigel, whereas cells readily spread on uncoated plates. The two adhesive morphotypes, granular cells and plasmatocytes, also failed to spread when purified and cultured on Matrigel coated plates, although plasmatocytes formed homotypic aggregates. Granular cells cultured on Matrigel retained their ability to endocytose fluorescently labeled beads and to adhere to a variety of foreign surfaces. Mixed populations of hemocytes or purified populations of plasmatocytes readily encapsulated Dowex 1X2 beads when incubated on Matrigel coated plates. In contrast, individual beads were not encapsulated when hemocytes were cultured with Dowex 1X2 beads in uncoated tissue culture plates. Capsules formed in vitro on Matrigel were indistinguishable from capsules formed in vivo, suggesting this simple system will be valuable in characterizing factors mediating encapsulation in insects.
Optimization in Multiple-objective Linear Programming Problems with Pre-emptive Priorities

A decision-maker, using mathematical programming optimization models, is often faced with a choice of many alternative solutions optimizing the objective function. The decision may be based on secondary, tertiary or higher-order objectives. Such problems are usually handled using goal programming (GP) with pre-emptive priorities. Pre-emptive prioritization is discussed in the literature in the context of GP. This paper suggests that the two are separable, and presents algorithms to accomplish this. It argues that in a truly pre-emptive situation, direct lexicographical optimization of the objectives, without introduction of goals, has a number of advantages. In addition, when applied to special structure models such as transportation or assignment, this approach enables one to maintain the structure and hence the efficiency of those algorithms.
Visual information gain and task asymmetry interact in bimanual force coordination and control

This study examined the question of whether and how the influence of visual information on force coordination patterns is dependent on the settings of a task asymmetry constraint. In a bimanual isometric force experiment, the task asymmetry was manipulated via imposing different coefficients on the index finger forces such that the weighted sum of the finger forces matched the target force. The environmental constraint was quantified by the visual performance error and was manipulated through the change of visual gain (number of pixels on the screen representing the unit of force). The constraint arising from the individual was quantified by the bilateral coupling effect (i.e., symmetric force production) between hands. The results revealed improved performance in terms of lower variability and performance error and more complex total force structure with higher visual gain. The influence of visual gain on the force coordination pattern, however, was found to be dependent on the task coefficients imposed on the finger forces. Namely, the force sharing between hands became more symmetric with high visual gain only when the right finger force had the higher coefficient, and an error-compensatory strategy was evident with high gain only when symmetric coefficients were imposed on the two fingers. The findings support the proposition that the motor coordination and control patterns are organized by the interactive influence of different categories of constraints where the functional influence of the information provided is dependent on the motor output.
Protein secretion and membrane insertion systems in gram-negative bacteria

In contrast to other organisms, gram-negative bacteria have evolved numerous systems for protein export. Eight types are known that mediate export across or insertion into the cytoplasmic membrane, while eight specifically mediate export across or insertion into the outer membrane. Three of the former secretory pathway (SP) systems, type I SP (ISP, ABC), IIISP (Fla/Path) and IVSP (Conj/Vir), can export proteins across both membranes in a single energy-coupled step. A fourth generalized mechanism for exporting proteins across the two-membrane envelope in two distinct steps (which we here refer to as type II secretory pathways [IISP]) utilizes either the general secretory pathway (GSP or Sec) or the twin-arginine targeting translocase for translocation across the inner membrane, and either the main terminal branch or one of several protein-specific export systems for translocation across the outer membrane. We here survey the various well-characterized protein translocation systems found in living organisms and then focus on the systems present in gram-negative bacteria. Comparisons between these systems suggest specific biogenic, mechanistic and evolutionary similarities as well as major differences.
Arousal and Attribution

To study the effects of one's cognitive attribution of his emotional state on his experienced arousal, Ss were exposed to an unpleasant noise and told either that it might lead to physiological arousal symptoms or that it might cause non-arousal symptoms. While listening to the noise they rated the attractiveness of slides of either semi-nude females or landscapes, along with the unpleasantness of the noise, their belief about common effects of noise pollution and their current physiological state. No meaningful effects of viewing the pictures were found, apparently because the semi-nude pictures were not in fact very arousing. However, Ss reported beliefs about common side-effects of noise pollution were related both to the attribution-manipulation and to the symptoms they experienced. These results suggested that a person's expectations do indeed affect his experience of arousal.
Self-trapping and Josephson tunneling solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger / Gross-Pitaevskii equation

We study the long-time behavior of solutions to the nonlinear Schrodinger / Gross-Pitaevskii equation (NLS/GP) with a symmetric double-well potential. NLS/GP governs nearly-monochromatic guided optical beams in weakly coupled waveguides with both linear and nonlinear (Kerr) refractive indices and zero absorption, as well as the behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates. For small $L^2$ norm (low power), the solution executes beating oscillations between the two wells. There is a power threshold at which a symmetry breaking bifurcation occurs. The set of guided mode solutions splits into two families of solutions. One type of solution is concentrated in either well of the potential, but not both. Solutions in the second family undergo tunneling oscillations between the two wells. A finite dimensional reduction (system of ODEs) derived in [17] is expected to well-approximate the PDE dynamics on long time scales. In particular, we revisit this reduction, find a class of exact solutions and shadow them in the (NLS/GP) system by applying the approach of [17].
Precision Surface-Coupled Optical-Trapping Assay with One-Basepair Resolution

The most commonly used optical-trapping assays are coupled to surfaces, yet such assays lack atomic-scale (∼0.1 nm) spatial resolution due to drift between the surface and trap. We used active stabilization techniques to minimize surface motion to 0.1 nm in three dimensions and decrease multiple types of trap laser noise (pointing, intensity, mode, and polarization). As a result, we achieved nearly the thermal limit (<0.05 nm) of bead detection over a broad range of trap stiffness (kT = 0.05–0.5 pN/nm) and frequency (Δf = 0.03–100 Hz). We next demonstrated sensitivity to one-basepair (0.34-nm) steps along DNA in a surface-coupled assay at moderate force (6 pN). Moreover, basepair stability was achieved immediately after substantial (3.4 pN) changes in force. Active intensity stabilization also led to enhanced force precision (∼0.01%) that resolved 0.1-pN force-induced changes in DNA hairpin unfolding dynamics. This work brings the benefit of atomic-scale resolution, currently limited to dual-beam trapping assays, along with enhanced force precision to the widely used, surface-coupled optical-trapping assay.
Identical distinguishable gas particles in the real world

In undergraduate courses in statistical or quantum mechanics, students are exposed to quantum and classical particles that are described as being identical or indistinguishable. It is difficult to appreciate this terminology unless real-world examples are given to illustrate the different possibilities. In particular, while it is easy to think of systems of identical indistinguishable particles or of nonidentical distinguishable particles, it requires more care to identify a gas of identical distinguishable particles.
Human cytochrome c oxidase during cardiac growth and development.

Human heart mitochondrial cytochromec oxidase specific content and specific activity was measured in five fetuses 15–21 weeks gestational age and in five patients whose age ranged from 6 days to 22 years. None had evidence of cardiac pathology. An increase in cytochromec oxidase specific content and specific activity was observed in the fetal heart with increasing gestational age (0.13–0.38 nmol hemea/mg protein and 67–295 nmol O2 utilized/min/mg protein) and from the neonatal period (0.35 nmol hemea/mg protein and 140 nmol O2/min/mg protein) to adulthood (1.2 nmol hemea/mg protein and 1104 nmol O2/min/mg protein). A marked increase was observed postnatally between 4 and 19 months.
Aconitase (E.C. 4.2.1.3) mitochondrial locus mapped to human chromosome 22: studies with Chinese hamster--human somatic cell hybrids.

Three separate somatic cell fusions were made between Chinese hamster lines and human lymphocytes containing (1) a 3/4 translocation, (2) an X/9 translocation, and (3) a 17/9 translocation. Eleven independently derived hybrids showed that only human chromosome 22 was consistently present when human ACONm was expressed and absent when human ACONm was not expressed. These studies assign a gene for human ACONm to chromosome 22, and are consistent with prior gene-mapping results.
An optimal algorithm for permutation admissibility to multistage interconnection networks

This paper introduces a simple O(NlogN) sequential algorithm that determines the admissibility of an arbitrary permutation to an N/spl times/N Multistage Cube-Type Network (MCTN) implemented by 2/spl times/2 switching elements (SEs) in contrast to previous O(Nlog/sup 2/N) algorithms. It is proven that the new algorithm is optimal in the sense that any algorithm, based on bit-operations, has to examine at least (N/4)logN different bits among the total NlogN bits in the binary representations of the destinations numbered from 0 through N-1. >
Scaling pFET hot-electron injection

This paper elaborates on a previously introduced (Duffy and Hasler, 2003) analytical model for hot-electron injection in p-channel MOSFETs. Hot-electron injection is frequently exploited to remove stored charge in floating-gate circuits. The hole-induced impact ionization provides an otherwise empty conduction band with electrons. Although most of the electrons migrate to the bulk, under the proper conditions some inject through the gate oxide. It has been shown that impact ionization and hot-electron injection can be analytically solved using a self-consistent model derived from a spatially-varying Boltzmann transport equation (Conwell, 1967; Hasler et al., 1998). The primary mechanisms for altering the distribution function (and hence the collision operators for the BTE) are the aforementioned impact ionization and optical phonon absorption and emission.
Molecular beam epitaxy of compound semiconductors

Abstract Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is a textbook application of surface science which makes direct use of many of the tools for characterizing clean surfaces. The development of MBE coincided with the development of these tools and thus the history of MBE is an important part of the history of modern surface science. A subjective recounting of the early history of MBE is presented, along with some biased conjectures about the future.
Identification of the sensory/motor area and pathologic regions using ECoG coherence

An electrophysiologic mapping technique which enables identification of the central sulcus and pathologic cortical regions is described. Electrocorticographic recordings of 1 min duration were recorded from 25 patients who were undergoing resection of tumors in the sensory-motor region or being evaluated for temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. Analysis of the patterns of subdural inter-electrode coherence revealed low coherence across the central sulcus for 11/12 cases where its location could be verified with direct cortical stimulation and/or somatosensory evoked potential mapping. Regions of high coherence identified the location of tumors in the sensory-motor region for 10/10 cases. Over the temporal lobe, localized areas of high coherence were evident in 8/9 epilepsy patients, but were not indicative of the location of mesial temporal lobe tumors or inter-ictal spiking, when present. We conclude that analysis of cortical coherence patterns may be helpful for revealing the location of pathologic processes relative to critical cortical areas.
Software engineering senior design course: experiences with agile game development in a capstone project

The importance of capstone senior design project courses is widely recognized for undergraduate software engineering curricula. They provide students with an opportunity to integrate and apply theoretical knowledge (both from previous courses and newly acquired for the project) on a team, improving both their technical and soft-skills. Here, we report our experiences using an agile development method for a game project; this is a radical shift from our previous course offerings that were based on waterfall, model driven development. This report is unique and valuable, especially for software engineering education, which goes beyond the discipline-specific limits of computer science curricula.
Direct measurement of free chloride concentrations in the phagolysosomes of human neutrophils.

Human neutrophils synthesize hypochlorous acid, a nonradical oxidant, as one of the antimicrobial agents to kill phagocytosed pathogens within phagolysosomes. The production of HOCl is catalyzed by myeloperoxidase using chloride anions (Cl-). Even though various approaches have been documented to measure cytosolic Cl- concentrations, direct detection of phagolysosomal free Cl- in a real-time fashion is not available. Here we report the development of a new dual-labeled fluorescent probe by conjugation of the chloride-sensitive 6-methoxyquinoline and chloride-insensitive tetramethylrhodamine to the zymosan particles. On the surface of the zymosan particles, the chloride-sensitive fluorophore responded linearly to chloride concentrations when plotted according to the Stern−Volmer collisional quenching equation and the chloride-insensitive fluorophore served as an internal reference. After phagocytosis into neutrophils, the probe was able to monitor intraphagosomal chloride levels authentically. Human neutro...