cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing Transit Markets Using Analytic Hierarchy Process

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multicriteria decision-making approach that can be used to allocate scarce resources. Although there has been an extensive application of AHP in many disciplines, very little is reported in the literature on the use of AHP as a decision-making tool in the field of transportation. The application of AHP in ranking transit privatization projects in the Detroit metropolitan area is demonstrated in this paper. Also, these rankings are compared with those obtained by using the traditional scoring and scaling technique in an earlier study. The paper shows that AHP is a viable tool for rank ordering a large number of transportation projects following various weighting schemes. These rankings are compatible with those obtained by scaling techniques; however, there appears to be a difference between rankings obtained by AHP and those obtained by scoring.
College Tutor and Revolutionary Colonel

John Taylor, tutor of Queen's College during the American Revolution, shifted from civilian to military life with a frequency which characterized the record of many colonial soldiers. Whenever the security of New Jersey was threatened by British invasion, Taylor deserted his students. But as soon as the immediate danger was at an end, he would return to his college duties until a new occasion for military action arose. The story of Taylor's war-time activities revealed by documents in the Rutgers University Library, therefore, not only provides an interesting account of the services of an individual soldier but also contributes considerable incidental information regarding the history of Queen's College in Revolutionary days.
Spatiotemporal Relationships Between the Abundance, Distribution, and Potential Activities of Ammonia-Oxidizing and Denitrifying Microorganisms in Intertidal Sediments

The primary objective of this study was to gain an understanding of how key microbial communities involved in nitrogen cycling in estuarine sediments vary over a 12-month period. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether changes in the size of these communities are related to, or indicative of, seasonal patterns in fixed nitrogen dynamics in Elkhorn Slough—a small, agriculturally impacted estuary with a direct connection to Monterey Bay. We assessed sediment and pore water characteristics, abundance of functional genes for nitrification (bacterial and archaeal amoA, encoding ammonia monooxygenase subunit A) and denitrification (nirS and nirK, encoding nitrite reductase), and measurements of potential nitrification and denitrification activities at six sites. No seasonality in the abundance of denitrifier or ammonia oxidizer genes was observed. A strong association between potential nitrification activity and the size of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities was observed across the estuary. In contrast, ammonia-oxidizing archaeal abundances remained relatively constant in space and time. Unlike many other estuaries, salinity does not appear to regulate the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing communities in Elkhorn Slough. Instead, their distributions appear to be governed over two different time scales. Long-term niche characteristics selected for the gross size of archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidizing communities, yet covariation in their abundances between monthly samples suggests that they respond in a similar manner to short-term changes in their environment. Abundances of denitrifier and ammonia oxidizer genes also covaried, but site-specific differences in this relationship suggest differing levels of interaction (or coupling) between nitrification and denitrification.
Affinity chromatographic purification of morphine antibody.

Abstract Morphine-6-hemisuccinate was synthesized and linked to agarose affinity beads by either direct amide bond formation or by an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester intermediate using various conditions. The various preparative routes resulted in differing ampunts of covalently bound ligand. Affinity chromatography of morphine antisera with a variety of eluting solvents indicated that 0.5 M acetic acid and 1 M propionic acid were most efficacious for eluting the bound antibody. Affinity isolation of a papain digest of purified antibody yielded fragments with reactivity and other characteristics consistent with their being designated as morphine antibody Fab fragments.
Immigration and Social Work: Contrasting Practice and Education

This article will argue that the lack of immigration content in the training of social workers, particularly macro content related to the legal, economic/labor and regulatory context, affects the ability of practitioners to serve their immigrant clients. A broad spectrum of social work theoretical discourses is suggested as a desirable background for training in the area of immigration. Reference is made to the importance of experience and the need to incorporate anti-oppressive practices in an area often fraught by a law enforcement mentality. The term immigrant is used here to refer to individuals who arrive in a country seeking work and a better quality of life, whether considered ‘legal or illegal’, ‘documented or undocumented’ by the receiving country. While there are important differences between immigrants and refugees, much of what is discussed here in relation to immigrants can also be helpful in working with and training practitioners to serve refugees.
Fresh frozen plasma in the treatment of resistant angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor angioedema

Background Angioedema, particularly of the head and neck, is a well-recognized adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Most cases respond to conventional therapy, including antihistamines and corticosteroids. Severe episodes may require epinephrine and intubation. Objective To report the case of a patient with ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema treated with fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Methods The patient is a 43-year-old, white woman who first received the ACE inhibitor ramipril in March 2002. After 3 weeks, she developed angioedema of her lips and fingers, which resolved with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and one dose of epinephrine. A low dose of ramipril was restarted 4 days later, which was increased throughout 4 days. In late August 2002, she developed severe upper lip and tongue edema recalcitrant to conventional therapy. Her C1 esterase inhibitor level was normal. Results After 4 days of treatment with antihistamines, corticosteroids, epinephrine, antileukotrienes, cyclosporine, and intravenous immunoglobulins, the patient's tongue swelling continued to recur and became more severe. Two units of intravenous FFP was given, with rapid improvement and no further recurrence of tongue swelling. Conclusions In our patient, FFP was highly successful in the treatment of resistant, life-threatening angioedema due to an ACE inhibitor. The benefit of FFP in this setting might be due to the effect of kininase II in breaking down accumulated bradykinin.
Estimation in nonlinear systems with transport delay

The problem of estimation of state in non-linear dynamical systems containing time delays is studied. The plant is specified by a set of non-linear differential-difference equations. Observations are a nonlinear function of current and/or delayed states. Both contain additive disturbances. The criterion used for the optimal estimates is the integral of the weighted squared error. Using the theory of the calculus of variations, equations are developed for the estimation. They are first expressed in the form of a split boundary value problem, which is then converted to an initial value problem for on-line estimation. The result yields a sequential estimation scheme in which filtered and smoothed estimates are computed in a sequential manner. The applicability of the procedure is demonstrated by a practical example.
Role of photoperiod during pregnancy and lactation in the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus.

Abstract The influence of daylength on body mass and food intake of pregnant and lactating voles was tested by comparing animals housed in long versus short daylengths. Pregnancy rates were approximately 50% in long-day females and in voles kept in short days beginning 2 weeks before mating, but were significantly lower in voles preadapted to short days for 8 weeks before mating. Body mass and food intake increased substantially during pregnancy and lactation and the magnitude of the increase was unaffected by daylength; by contrast, body weight was significantly reduced in non-impregnated voles kept in short as compared to long days. The suppressive effects of short photoperiods on body weight were completely counteracted during pregnancy and lactation. Voles that breed during the short days of winter face extreme energetic challenges but the advantages of early breeding appear to justify the costs.
Membrane damage by a toxin from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus. II. Effect of membrane lipid composition in a liposome system.

Abstract In the first paper of this series, it was shown that a toxin from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus increased the permeability of black lipid membranes due to transmembrane channel formation. In the present study, we have used liposomes to examine the reactivity of the toxin with different phospholipids. Membrane damage was assessed by measuring the release of 86 Rb + and 14 C-labeled membrane lipid. For the different lipids, the rank order of marker release was: sphingomyelin > C18: 2 phosphatidylcholine > C18: 1 phosphatidylcholine > C18: 0 phosphatidylcholine > C16: 0 phosphatidylcholine = C14: 0 phosphatidylcholine. In C14: 0 and C16: 0 phosphatidylcholine liposomes there was no 14 C-labeled lipid release and only 13 to 16% 86 Rb + release which corresponds to the 86 Rb + content in the outermost aqueous shell of multilamellar liposomes. This indicates that membrane damage was limited to the outermost bilayer. In liposomes prepared with the other lipids, the extent of release of both markers increased proportionately with the length and the degree of unsaturation of the lipids' acyl side chains. Sphingomyelin liposomes were the most susceptible with 47% of the 14 C-labeled lipid marker and 90% of the 86 Rb + marker being released. The large extent of 14 C-labeled lipid release is attributed to a detergent-like activity of the toxin which presumably is due to the amphipathic nature of the protein. Thus, the toxin can inflict membrane damage in two ways: (1) channel formation, and (2) detergent action. The importance of one mechanism or the other apparently varies depending on membrane structure and lipid composition.
Combination of Pim Kinase Inhibitor SGI-1776 and Bendamustine in B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Background SGI-1776 is a small-molecule Pim kinase inhibitor that primarily targets c-MYC–driven transcription and cap-dependent translation in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. Bendamustine is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent approved for use in B-cell lymphoma that is known to induce DNA damage and initiate response to repair. Materials and Methods Our studies were conducted in MCL cell lines JeKo-1 and Mino, as well as primary B-cell lymphoma samples of MCL and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), where we treated cells with SGI-1776 and bendamustine. We measured levels of cellular apoptosis, macromolecule synthesis inhibition, and DNA damage induced by drug treatments. Results Both SGI-1776 and bendamustine effectively induced apoptosis as single agents, and when used in combination, an additive effect in cell killing was observed in MCL cell lines JeKo-1 and Mino, as well as in MCL and SMZL primary cells. As expected, SGI-1776 was effective in inducing a decrease of global RNA and protein synthesis, and bendamustine significantly inhibited DNA synthesis and generated a DNA damage response. When used in combination, the effects were intensified in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis inhibition compared with single-agent treatments. Conclusion These data provide a foundation and suggest the feasibility of using Pim kinase inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents such as bendamustine in B-cell lymphoma.
Magnetic excitations in a dilute ferromagnet with nonuniaxial single-ion anisotropy

Abstract A Green function formalism is employed to study the effect of nonuniaxial single-ion anisotropy on the magnetic excitations in a dilute ferromagnet. The local density of spin wace states (LDOS) is obtained via diagonalizing the transfer matrix in the Bethe lattice approximation. The dependence of LDOS and the average magnetization on the anisotropy strength is calculated numerically.
Enhancement of anti-tumor effect of particulate vaccine delivery system by 'bacteriomimetic' CpG functionalization of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles.

Aim: Low immunogenicity remains a major obstacle in realizing the full potential of cancer vaccines. In this study, we evaluated CpG-coated tumor antigen (Tag)-encapsulating ‘bacteriomimetic’ nanoparticles (CpG-nanoparticle [NP]-Tag NPs) as an approach to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Materials & methods: CpG-NP-Tag NPs were synthesized, characterized for their physicochemical properties and tested in vivo. Results: We found CpG predosing followed by intraperitoneal (IP) immunization with CpG-NP-Tag NPs significantly attenuated tumor growth in female BALB/c mice compared with respective controls. Histopathological and Immunofluorescence data revealed CpG-NP-Tag tumors had lower proliferation, higher apoptotic activity, greater CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration as well as higher IFN-γ levels as compared with control groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest CpG-NP-Tag NPs can enhance anti-tumor effect of nanoparticulate tumor vaccination system.
Design analysis of single-sided natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is an effective measure to save energy consumed in buildings and to improve indoor air quality. This investigation studied single-sided natural ventilation by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, together with analytical and empirical models. The CFD model was applied to determine the effects of buoyancy, wind, or their combination on ventilation rates and indoor conditions. For buoyancy-driven flow, the CFD results are within a 10% difference from the semi-analytical results. For combined wind- and buoyancy-driven flow, CFD may have underpredicted the empirical model results by approximately 25%. This investigation also studied the effects of opposing buoyancy and wind forces.
Pharmacology of a new antianginal drug: perhexiline. II. Heart rate and transmembrane potential of cardiac tissue.

The administration of perhexiline was followed by slowing of heart rate in the anesthetized dog, the isolated rat heart and the isolated rabbit heart. This effect was not altered by previous vagotomy or the prior injection of either atropine or sotalol in the dog. A local effect on the rat atrial muscle and on the rabbit sino-atrial node was confirmed by microelectrode technique. There was prolongation of depolarization time and of repolarization time, suggesting that this drug may be useful in situations in which coronary insufficiency is complicated by increase in excitability of atrial muscle and of the sino-atrial node.
Enduring Values in the British Civil Service

Despite the Blair government's claim that it wants to preserve the “enduring values” of the civil service, recent reforms seem to undermine long-standing constitutional conventions and the public s...
A Systematic Review of Teaching Daily Living Skills to Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

We examined the peer-reviewed literature on teaching daily living skills to secondary students (ages 12–22 years) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disabilities (ID). A systematic search of the literature spanning January 2000–October 2012 was conducted, and 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Overall, there is limited research examining instructional tactics for teaching daily living skills to this population. Features of the studies are presented, and a classification of the studies’ results (i.e., positive, negative, mixed) and certainty of evidence (i.e., suggestive, preponderance, conclusive) are discussed.
Lung clearance, translocation, and acute toxicity of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, selenium, vanadium, and ytterbium oxides following deposition in rat lung☆

Young adult rats were exposed via inhalation or intratracheal instillation to oxides of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, selenium, vanadium, and ytterbium. Serial necropsies were performed to assess the metal content in organs at times up to several weeks after exposure. The lung clearance varied widely for these compounds, and the times to remove 50% of the initial burden ranged from 18 min for vanadium to 400 days for beryllium. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, selenium, and vanadium were initially soluble in lung, but a small fraction (1-20%) remained there over the long term. Extrapulmonary tissues often accumulated substantial amounts of the soluble oxides, and whole-body retention was often greater for compounds that were more soluble in lung. Arsenic, selenium, and vanadium translocated to carcass and bone. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium accumulated in the liver, and the kidney retained cadmium and lead. Beryllium, cobalt and ytterbium did not deposit at any extrapulmonary site in significant amounts. In general, the aqueous solubility of these compounds was a poor predictor for behavior in vivo because of their interaction with metabolic processes. Of the metal oxides tested for acute lethality following pulmonary deposition, cadmium was most toxic, followed by selenium, vanadium, and arsenic.
The Beleaguered Gatekeeper: Protection Challenges Posed by UNHCR Refugee Status Determination

The number of individual RSD applications received by UNHCR offices worldwide nearly doubled from 1997 to 2001, while UNHCR's RSD operations have been criticized for failing to implement basic standards of procedural fairness. Yet, although there is some literature critiquing how UNHCR determines refugee status, there is little literature examining whether UNHCR should do so, and if it should, when, where, and under what conditions. UNHCR performance of RSD poses protection challenges because it is founded on a basic contradiction. On the one hand, government action is essential for effective refugee protection. On the other hand, UNHCR RSD is premised on at least partial government failure. Neither direct concern for protection from non-refoulement nor strict legal obligations completely explain UNHCR's current RSD activities. UNHCR's RSD activities seem best explained by what Goodwin-Gill has called 'negative responsibility', and hence can represent a risky shift of responsibility from governments to the UN. At the same time, in some circumstances UNHCR RSD substantially advances refugee rights. In order to match its actual mandate and resources, UNHCR should perform RSD when it can enhance the protection provided to refugees by governments, but the activity should be more limited and conditional than it is today.
Mehrzentrenreaktionen mit cyclischer Elektronenverschiebung

Nach den polaren und radikalischen Prozessen bleibt noch eine interessante Gruppe von Reaktionen zu besprechen, bei denen das bisher zur Klassifizierung benutzte Kriterium der heterolytischen bzw. homolytischen Auflosung und Bildung kovalenter Bindungen vollkommen versagt. Es sind dies Reaktionen, bei denen kovalente Bindungen konzertiert in einem Zyklus gebildet oder/und aufgelost werden. Einerseits gehoren hierher Reaktionen zwischen zwei (oder mehreren) ungesattigten Komponenten, die zu einer Ringverbindung zusammentreten (a), anderseits intramolekulare Bindungsverschiebungen, die von einer offenkettigen Verbindung zu einer Ringkette (b), oder aber — unter gleichzeitiger Bildung und Auflosung von σ-Bindungen — wieder zu offenkettigen Derivaten fuhren (c). Dazu kommen allerdings auch die Retrogressionen dieser Reaktionen, die in unseren Schemen von rechts nach links dargestellt sind.
Blind separation of interference for synthetic aperture sonar and the lessons learned from real data

Multipath interference is a major source of interference for synthetic aperture sonar systems operating in shallow water at long ranges. In this paper we describe an iterative algorithm for blindly separating the signal from the multipath interference that uses differences in the temporal coherence properties of the signal and multipaths caused by sea surface roughness, the difficulties encountered in applying the algorithm to actual sea data, and the solutions and lessons learned.
Discrete Cohesive Zone Model to Simulate Static Fracture in Carbon Fiber Composites

A discrete cohesive zone model (DCZM) is developed to simulate the mode I and mixed mode fracture. For the mode I case, experimental results generated using a modified single edge notched bend specimen of a 2D triaxially braided composite (2DTBC) are used to verify the DCZM. The 2DTBC is modeled as an elastic one-parameter (“a66”) plastic continuum. The plastic behavior of the 2DTBC is characterized by measuring a66. Fracture toughness (GIC) as a function of crack extension is measured by a compliance approach in the SENB tests. A previously developed mixed mode bending (MMB) fracture test configuration is a useful method to generate fracture envelopes for delamination failure of composites. The DCZM is used to simulate mixed mode fracture of a unidirectional laminated composite loaded using the MMB. The simulated results are compared with selected experimental results and also verified for mesh sensitivity. It is shown that the present DCZM is a versatile tool to study failure of a wide class of composite materials.
The Association of College Performance with High School Grades and College Entrance Test Scores.

This paper attempts to identify some of the variables associated with performance of undergraduate business students with the possibility that the results might be used to establish some quantifiable criteria for admissions and counseling purposes. It is revealed that both high school grades and college entrance examination scores are directly associated with college performance. However, it appears reasonable to believe that college entrance examination scores are more significant and important in influencing the variation in college performance than are high school grades.
Home automation to promote independent living in elderly populations

A toolkit for independent living has been developed to monitor activity and automate daily tasks and routines for elderly persons living at home. Off-the-shelf components manufactured by x10, Inc., which operate via radio frequency and power line carrier technology, can be integrated into existing living environments to promote home security, home safety, and independent living. Accompanying software has been developed to passively monitor and trend activity patterns within the home in order to predict changes in health status and early onset of chronic illness. The independent living toolkit serves to promote health maintenance and active engagement within the aging population.
Volatility linkages among interest rates: implications for global monetary policy

This paper explores the effects of a greater integration among major capital markets from 1984 to 2001 on the conduct of global monetary policy. The methodological design is a multivariate vector moving average GARCH model which is suitable for examining the nature of the volatility spillover mechanism of long-term interest rates across markets. The empirical findings indicate that there have been stronger linkages among major bond markets since 1990 at the volatility level. The more synchronized behaviour of long-term interest rates across countries is evidenced by the speed and persistence with which disturbances in a particular market transmit to other markets. Such volatile behaviour affects the conduct of global monetary policy which now has to be done interactively among the world's major players. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method of electro-acupuncture treatment for equine intestinal impaction.

A method of electro-acupuncture for treatment of intestinal impaction of the horse was reported. The unique technique of the treatment includes deep needle insertion and the "triple tetanic treatment". Possible mechanism of this form of treatment was discussed.
A new beaded carbon molecular sieve sorbent for 222Rn monitoring.

A new commercially available beaded carbon molecular sieve sorbent, Carboxen-564 (20/45 mesh), was tested and compared to Calgon-PCB (40/80) activated carbon for its adsorptive and desorptive characteristics under controlled conditions of temperature (25°C) and relative humidity (RH). The amount of water vapor adsorbed by the beaded carbon molecular sieve material was typically a factor of 4 lower than the activated carbon, with a concomitant fourfold increase in the 222 Rn adsorption coefficient, K Rn . The maximum K Rn value for a thin layer of Carboxen-564, following a 2-d exposure at 40% RH, was 7.2 Bq kg -1 per Bq m -3 . The K rn for a 1-cm bed, following a 2-d exposure was 5.5 Bq m -3 , a 25% reduction. Under dynamic sampling conditions, where 0.4 g of the beaded carbon molecular sieve was contained in a 6 cm X 0.4 cm diameter tube, the maximum K Rn value was 6.5 Bq m -3 after 2.5 h of sampling at 29% RH when the input flow rate was 4.2 x 10 -3 m 3 h -1 . Kinetic studies were also conducted under passive sampling conditions. The data show that the 222 Rn buildup time-constant for a thin layer of the beaded carbon molecular sieve material was 1.3 h, whereas that of a 1 cm bed was 13 h. The 222 Rn desorption time-constants, from gram amounts of the beaded carbon molecular sieve material into air and into a commercially available toluene based liquid scintillation cocktail, were 2 h and 3 h, respectively. Carboxen's high 222 Rn adsorbing capacity, rapid kinetics, hydrophobicity and physical properties makes it an attractive alternative to other commercially available activated carbon used in passive and dynamic sampling devices.
Virtual knowledge architecture for intelligent robot planning

The authors present an architecture for a system which will learn to anticipate and avoid problems, including both problems in accomplishing the overall goal of the system as well as problems normally associated with cooperation. The authors envision a future of autonomous robots which will be asked to accomplish a common goal as a team. The coach agent is a case based planner whose purpose is to learn employing cases of very successful teams and to anticipate and avoid unsuccessful teams. The coach is allowed to trap in situations such as deadlock and repetition of effort among agents so long as these events are defined as failures by the user. The user may also define failures as instances of poor performance. In these cases, the system will learn to avoid employing agents which lead to poor performance. The architecture will also avoid plans that involve agents which are malfunctioning and will attempt to achieve the goal using those resources made available by the rest of the team. >
Qualitative or Quantitative Differences? Latent Class Analysis of Mathematical Ability for Special Education Students

The current article investigates whether the mathematics achievement of students in special education can be used to identify those who share common cognitive skills that may not be in concordance with their disability labels. Latent class analysis of a comprehensive test of mathematics taken by fourthgrade students with various disabilities reveals that a model with 2 latent classes is adequate to characterize the latent structure of the data. A parallel relationship of response profiles across the 2 classes suggests differences in the levels of mathematical ability (quantitative), rather than differences in the type of mathematical ability (qualitative), between the 2 latent classes in terms of generic mathematical proficiency. Cross-validation on a separate data set with careful matching of content areas within the math test verified this conclusion. Although a significant relationship exists between the identified latent classes and various disabilities, the analysis also found common mathematical problem-solving behaviors across disability categories. Implications for intervention and limitations of the current study are discussed.
Surface Heat Loss and Frazil Ice Production in the ST. Lawrence River

: The rates of ice production due to surface heat loss in open water reaches of the St. Lawrence River, between the Ogdensburg-Prescott Boom and the Moses-Saunders Dam, are analyzed for the past 20 winters. Simple statistical parameters for ice production rates and air temperature are determined. Regression analyses for relationships between surface heat loss rates and freezing degree days indicate that an excellent linear correlation exists between these two variables. The study also shows that it is important to consider other heat exchange components, such as the bed heat flux and viscous dissipation, in the total ice production analysis for the river reach.
Effect of trans-2,3-dimethoxycinnamoyl azide on enhancing antitumor activity of romidepsin on human bladder cancer.

Purpose: Romidepsin (FK228, depsipeptide, FR901228), a unique cyclic depsipeptide with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) activity, is a potential cancer therapeutic agent and currently under clinical trials for several types of cancer. For bladder cancer, romidepsin seems to be a potent antitumor agent from our recent study. In this study, we further delineate a new agent that can enhance both HDACI and antitumor activity of romidepsin. Experimental Design: We screened a chemical library to identify candidate(s) that could enhance romidepsin activity. Chemical synthesis and purification were carried out to produce pure compound to examine its biochemical and antitumor effect on bladder cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo . Results: Tranilast, N -(acetoacetyl) anthranilic acid, was first identified as a lead compound from screening, and then, one of the analogues, 2,3-dimethoxycinnamoyl azide (DMCA), seems to be more potent than tranilast. Our data indicate that DMCA can potentiate the HDACI activity of romidepsin and other biological activities, such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; these effects were accompanied with the expression of various key cell cycle regulators in different bladder cancer cells. Consistently, DMCA can enhance the in vivo antitumor effect of romidepsin without causing any more weight loss than romidepsin alone. Conclusion: DMCA is able to enhance the antitumor effect of romidepsin on bladder cancer from in vitro and in vivo .
Parents Accidentally Substitute Similar Sounding Sibling Names More Often than Dissimilar Names

When parents select similar sounding names for their children, do they set themselves up for more speech errors in the future? Questionnaire data from 334 respondents suggest that they do. Respondents whose names shared initial or final sounds with a sibling’s reported that their parents accidentally called them by the sibling’s name more often than those without such name overlap. Having a sibling of the same gender, similar appearance, or similar age was also associated with more frequent name substitutions. Almost all other name substitutions by parents involved other family members and over 5% of respondents reported a parent substituting the name of a pet, which suggests a strong role for social and situational cues in retrieving personal names for direct address. To the extent that retrieval cues are shared with other people or animals, other names become available and may substitute for the intended name, particularly when names sound similar.
Structure, Properties, and Tissue Localization of Apoplastic α-Glucosidase in Crucifers

Apoplastic α-glucosidases occur widely in plants but their function is unknown because appropriate substrates in the apoplast have not been identified. Arabidopsis contains at least three α-glucosidase genes; Aglu-1 and Aglu-3 are sequenced and Aglu-2 is known from six expressed sequence tags. Antibodies raised to a portion of Aglu-1 expressed in Escherichia coli recognize two proteins of 96 and 81 kD, respectively, in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), and mustard (Brassica napus L.). The acidic α-glucosidase activity from broccoli flower buds was purified using concanavalin A and ion-exchange chromatography. Two active fractions were resolved and both contained a 96-kD immunoreactive polypeptide. The N-terminal sequence from the 96-kD broccoli α-glucosidase indicated that it corresponds to the Arabidopsis Aglu-2 gene and that approximately 15 kD of the predicted N terminus was cleaved. The 81-kD protein was more abundant than the 96-kD protein, but it was not active with 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-d-glucopyranoside as the substrate and it did not bind to concanavalin A. In situ activity staining using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-d-glucopyranoside revealed that the acidic α-glucosidase activity is predominantly located in the outer cortex of broccoli stems and in vascular tissue, especially in leaf traces.
Oxide breakdown dependence on thickness and hole current - enhanced reliability of ultra thin oxides

The link between hole generation/trapping and oxide breakdown is demonstrated by correlating oxide breakdown with the hole current generated in the oxide. Both exhibit the same oxide thickness and field dependences. Charge-to-breakdown (Q BD ), time-to-breakdown (t BD ), and breakdown-field (E BD ) increase dramatically as oxide thickness is reduced below 80 A due to reduced rate of hole generation, which is modeled by an average electron energy analysis. Time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) tests show that, for as-grown oxide capacitors, defect densities may decrease with decreasing oxide thickness down to 60 A.
Nature and process of leisure constraints: An empirical test

Abstract This study examined the possible existence of three distinct, hierarchically ordered categories of constraints on leisure originally proposed by Crawford and Godbey (1987) and elaborated on by Crawford, Jackson, and Godbey (1991). A new instrument was developed to measure perceptions of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints on leisure as they related to beginning a new leisure activity. The sample consisted of 363 male and female 12th graders from three high schools located in a suburb of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints on leisure formed three distinct categories of constraints on leisure. The use of simultaneous z tests and a metamodel that utilized a binomial test provided support for the Crawford et al. (1991) proposal that intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints exist in a hierarchy. Theoretical and methodological implications of the findings are discussed.
Chapter 12 Role of clinical neurophysiology in assessing both normal and pathological processing of visual information

Publisher Summary Electroretinograms (ERGs) can be obtained to flash or pattern stimulation; flash full-field electroretinograms are referred to as “ERGs,” and pattern evoked electroretinograms are known as “PERGs.” ERGs and PERGs are critical for evaluating widespread outer retinal disorders, can be used in predicting the onset of retinopathies in certain conditions such as diabetes, and can be utilized to screen drugs with potential retinal toxicity. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are sensitive in the detection of optic nerve disorders and retain their diagnostic value. They can also be utilized to predict progress of disorders such as glaucoma and to assess neurotoxicity of new drugs. Visual acuity, visual field perimetry and Ishihara color plate testing are widely utilized to assess basic visual functions. They are available universally and can be applied to a large population without the use of expensive equipment. These tests, however, require the cooperation of the individual tested. ERGs in infants and children have both a research and a diagnostic role. ERGs clarify the physiopathology of retinal diseases, and the severity of retinal involvement. In difficult clinical cases, ERGs may help to reach a correct diagnosis.
A National Survey of Graduate Family Nursing Educators

A descriptive study was undertaken to explore the philosophical and educational beliefs of graduate faculty teaching advanced nursing with families. Data from 177 faculty representing 107 graduate nursing programs accredited by the National LeagueforNursingwere used in the analyses. Descriptive data were gathered on program and faculty demographics, conceptual frameworks that faculty identified as influencing their teaching offamily content, and faculty beliefs about concepts central to family nursing. A Family Nursing Belief Inventory (FNBI) was developed to elicit faculty beliefs. The FNBI consisted of 14 item pairs of dichotomous statements reflecting divergent nursing paradigm (totality and simultaneity) beliefs about thefamily. Results show thatfaculty clearly preferred statements that reflect the beliefs of the simultaneity worldview, whereas most nursing models that influenced their teaching reflect the beliefs of the totality worldview. Less than 1% of respondents taught a corefamily course in gra...
Intelligent multi-sensor fusion techniques in flexible manufacturing workcells

This paper advances specific strategies that can be utilized to fuse data from some of the most extensively used sensors in robotic workcells viz. vision sensors and proximity sensors. Vision sensor and proximity sensor are used to obtain the workspace occupancy information. Data from these redundant, yet diverse, sensors have been fused using Bayesian inference to obtain an occupancy grid model of the workspace. In addition, the paper investigates the use of Kalman filtering technique to estimate the external forces acting on robot end-effector utilizing its underlying dynamics and data from force/torque (F/T) sensor mounted on the wrist of the robot. The camera to robot transformation used in the experiment is obtained via a neural network training approach. The proposed strategy to obtain transformation and data fusion is tested and validated in a robotic work cell using one ABB IRB140 six-axis revolute jointed industrial robot fitted with force/torque sensor, proximity sensor and one camera located at the top of the work cell.
The Collective Agreement for the Union Shop

TU NKNOWN to the courts a half century ago, the "closed shop" or union shop contract has received increasing judicial attention, particularly during the last fifteen years. With union organization itself formerly illegal, the union shop contract was, of course, also illegal. With judicial acceptance of union organization, however, the judicial attitude toward the union shop contract has undergone an important and exceedingly interesting development, which it is the purpose of this article to trace. At the outset, a preliminary question of terminology is posed. Like its counterpart "open shop," the term "closed shop" rings with overtones and conflicts; "open shop" and "closed shop" have become "but battle cries in the conflict between employers and labor organizations over the problem of unionization."T Formerly the meaning of the terms "open shop" and "closed shop" was quite different from their present meaning. A "closed shop" was an unfair shop in which a union had forbidden its members to work; and an "open shop" was a shop in which a union permitted its members to work. Declaring a shop "open" was equivalent to calling off a strike or boycott.2 The change in meaning occurred about i890. Although perhaps first used by unionists, the term "closed shop" was seized upon by employers to obtain the greatest possible advantage in publicizing its unfavorable connotations. Trade unionists have often since condemned the term, saying that the only closed shop is the so-called "open shop" which is really closed to union members.3 "Open shop" and "closed shop" have thus become catchwords which obscure the underlying issues; and to avoid the use of those terms, this article will use the term "union shop,"
Unrelated-donor bone marrow transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in children.

PURPOSEBone marrow transplantation (BMT) for Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph1) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results in a 55% to 64% disease-free survival (DFS) rate in 20% to 30% of cases with a matched-sibling donor (MSD). Studies that include primarily adults with CML, using unrelated-donor (URD) BMT, have expanded this option to those without an MSD. We review and compare the efficacy of URD and MSD BMT in children with Ph1 CML.PATIENTS AND METHODSEleven children with URD BMTs were reviewed and compared with 11 children with MSD BMTs for Ph1 CML. Among the URD BMT recipients, there were three with fully matched marrows and 10 with advanced CML. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 2.6 years. Among the MSD BMT recipients, 11 had fully matched marrows and five had advanced CML. The median time from diagnosis to BMT was 0.7 years. All received non-T-depleted marrows after cyclophosphamide and fractionated total-body irradiation.RESULTSBoth groups had similar engraftment times. Late ...
Hot Topics and Popular Papers in Evolutionary Psychology: Analyses of Title Words and Citation Counts in Evolution and Human Behavior, 1979 – 2008

What do evolutionary psychologists study, which are their most highly cited articles, and which variables predict high citation counts? These are important questions for any emerging science. To help answer these questions, we present new empirical research on publication trends in evolutionary psychology's flagship journal, Evolution and Human Behavior (and its predecessor, Ethology and Sociobiology), from its inception in 1979 to 2008. First, analyses of 8,631 title words published in these journals between 1979 and 2008 (808 articles) show an increasing interest in researching sex, sex differences, faces, and attractiveness. For example, during the Ethology and Sociobiology era (1979–1996), the most frequent title words were “evolutionary,” “human,” “behavior,” “reproductive,” “evolution,” “selection,” and “altruism,” whereas during the Evolution and Human Behavior era (1997–2008), they were “sex,” “attractiveness,” “differences,” “sexual,” “human,” “male,” and “facial.” Second, we reveal the 20 most-c...
Modeling and Dynamic Performance of a Line-Commutated Photovoltaic Inverter System

Interest in utility-interactive photovoltaic (PV) inverter systems has increased over the past decade and numerous central-station PV systems have been installed. It is anticipated that as PV system costs decrease, residential systems will be installed in increased numbers. Although a substantial amount of literature is available concerning the design, protection, safety, economics, and operating experience of residential and central-station PV systems, little information is available regarding their dynamic electrical characteristics and the computer modeling of these systems. Moreover, most of the available literature concerning modeling and/or dynamic performance focuses either upon the long-term dynamic behavior as it affects power system scheduling or upon the steady-state harmonic characteristics. In recent work, highly detailed computer models of a representative set of PV systems have been developed and several of these models have been verified by comparison with system measurements [1, 2]. However, the models described in [1, 2] are more complex than necessary for large-scale power system studies in which the fast switching transients associated with the dc-to-ac inverter are of little concern and only the slower cycle-to-cycle behavior of the PV system is of interest. In fact, it is not possible to incorporate these detailed models into conventional transient stability programs due, in part, to the very small time-step requirements associated with these models. In this paper, a three-phase self-commutated utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system is described including its associated control system. A schematic diagram of the selected PV inverter system is depicted in Fig. 1.
The Role of Surface Processes in Partitioning of Strain and Uplift, St. Elias Orogen, Southern Alaska

Three-dimensional thermo-mechanical numerical simulations of the ongoing Yakutat–North America collision are used to identify the role of surface processes in triggering localized rapid uplift, exhumation, and strain observed within the St. Elias orogen of southern Alaska. Thermochronological data reveal localized rapid exhumation associated with the Seward-Malaspina and Hubbard Glaciers within a tectonic corner structure where transpressional motion to the south along the Fairweather Fault system transitions to shortening to the north and west within the active fold-and-thrust belt of the St. Elias orogen. The modeled deformation patterns are characteristic of oblique convergence within a tectonic corner, recording the transition from simple shear to contractional strain within a zone spatially consistent with the highest exhumation rates suggesting the corner geometry is the primary control of strain partitioning.The relative roles of surface-related processes versus tectonics-related processes in the development of this pattern of deformation were tested with the inclusion of an erosional surface model. The presence of surface processes enhanced the uplift and development of a localized rapid exhumation. When spatially and temporally erosion models are employed, the location of maxima is shifted in response. This indicates that efficient erosion, and resultant deposition and material advection can influence the localization of strain and uplift.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL FRACTIONS

Intervention and prevention of multifactorial diseases such as coronary heart disease can be effective only when the joint effects of multiple risk factors are known. This process is facilitated by multivariate analysis of correlated risk factors, such as the serum cholesterol fractions, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Whereas evidence for genetic covariation provides focus for further refined biochemical analysis, covariation among environmental factors can point to efficacious intervention strategies. To assess sources of variation and covariation among HDL, LDL, and VLDL, a multivariate path model was developed and applied to family data. Phenotypic variance is due primarily to specific environmental influences with substantial genetic influences, with the common family environment contributing less than 10% of the variance. There are genetic correlations of -0.22 for HDL-VLDL and 0.35 for VLDL-LDL, consistent with the known inverse associations of HDL and VLDL and the precursor-product relationship between VLDL and LDL, whereas there is no evidence for a direct HDL-LDL genetic relationship. Strong specific environmental correlations are found between HDL and VLDL (-0.35 in children and -0.50 in adults). Thus, intervention focused primarily on one fraction (e.g., triglycerides and VLDL) might beneficially affect levels of both lipoproteins (e.g., lowering VLDL cholesterol and elevating HDL cholesterol). Multivariate analysis can facilitate understanding of the linked effects of intervention on lipoprotein cholesterols, and, hence, should benefit approaches to maximize the effects of lipoprotein cholesterol intervention on coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality.
Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. XI. African trypanosomiases.

The human trypanosomiases of Africa are infections caused by two subspecies of the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei: T. brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense; these subspecies are transmitted to man through the bite of tsetse flies of the genus Glossina. Although the two subspecies are morphologically indistinguishable, they differ epidemiologically and in their disease spectrum. Infection with T. brucei rhodesiense often