cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influences of host and ethnic internet use on sociocultural and psychological adaptation among Chinese college students in the United States: Intercultural communication apprehension and uncertainty reduction as mediators

This study investigated the influences of internet use on cross-cultural adaptation. One hundred and fifty-two Chinese students (N = 152) in the United States completed a battery of questionnaires....
Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A special issue commentary and lessons from primary care psychology training.

Objective This article positions the special issue on telepsychology amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically accelerated the adoption and dissemination of telepsychology. Method The article makes general observations about the themes emerging in the special issue with considerations for application, training, theory-driven research, and policy. It then presents as a case example the rapid deployment during the pandemic of telepsychology doctoral training and services at the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Primary Care Psychology Collaborative. Results Facilitators to VCU telepsychology deployment included trainee and supervisor resources, strong telepsychology training, and prior experience. Barriers to overcome included limited clinic capacity, scheduling, technology, and accessibility and diversity issues. Lessons learned involved presenting clinical issues, supervision, and working with children and adolescents. Conclusions Telepsychology is crucial for psychological service provision, during the COVID-19 pandemic more than ever, and that is unlikely to change as psychologists and patients increasingly continue to appreciate its value.
Imaging across an Unlimited Bandwidth: Is it Possible?

By allowing phase in the image plane to be a free parameter, we experimentally demonstrate that it is possible to correct chromatic aberrations over an almost unlimited bandwidth with a single diffractive flat lens.
Functional abdominal pain in adolescents: case-based management

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including functional abdominal pain (FAP), account for a large portion of conditions seen by paediatric gastroenterologists. Despite the commonality of FGIDs, there remains significant stigma around these diagnoses among medical providers, patients and families. This is due to the absence of easily identifiable biological markers in FGIDs and the overlay with psychological and social factors contributing to symptom onset and maintenance. As such, the biopsychosocial model is essential in conceptualising, evaluating and treating FGIDs. The way in which medical providers explain FGIDs and the manner in which they collaborate with other specialists (eg, psychologists, dieticians, physical therapists, school nurses) is paramount to the patient and family acceptance of an FGID diagnosis and the success of subsequent treatment. The following review outlines paediatric FGIDs with a focus on FAP in adolescents, in particular within the context of the biopsychosocial approach to pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Subjective cognition and mood in persistent chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.

Persistent chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is commonly reported following cancer treatment and negatively affects quality of life. While past research has focused on potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this relationship, the role of psychological factors, such as mood, stress, and anxiety, in the development of persistent CRCI has received less attention. As an additional analysis of data from a trial investigating the effects of transdermal nicotine patches on cognitive performance in patients with persistent CRCI, we examined whether change in mood was associated with changes in subjective and objective cognitive functioning. Participants were randomized to either placebo (n = 11) or transdermal nicotine (n = 11) for 6 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of treatment withdrawal for a total of 8 weeks. Participants were assessed using behavioral, subjective, and objective measures of cognitive functioning and mood at five visits before, during, and after treatment. Although we did not detect an effect of treatment assignment on mood, over the course of the study, we observed a significant improvement on measures of mood that correlated with improvement in subjective and objective cognitive performance. We observed improvement in objective and subjective cognitive performance measures. These changes were associated with improvement in subsyndromal mood symptoms, likely resulting from participation in the trial itself. These results suggest that women with persistent CRCI may benefit from support and validation of their cognitive complaints, cognitive rehabilitation/therapies into their post-cancer care. The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (trial registration: NCT02312943).
MANAJEMEN PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN: PENDEKATAN ELASTISITAS

The research stressed at poverty reduction management by using elasticity approach.The research method was mixing method: quantitative and qualitative. Data sources were primary and secondary data. For data collecting used interview and FGD. Growth elasticity of poverty, Pro-Poor Growth Index, Force Field Analysis were tools employed to analysis the data. The research results showed that themanagement strategy of poverty reduction is pro-poor. However, the stragey of poverty reduction in the future must be improved toward a growth oriented as well as environtmental friendly
Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea lacunosa, and Ipomoea purpurea

Abstract Ipomoea spp. can be referred to as an ornamental plant or a pervasive weed depending on the context. Ipomoea spp. inhabit disturbed areas such as crop fields, lawns, roadways, and waste sites across the world. There are approximately 600 species belonging to the Ipomoea genus; but the most common weedy species include Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea lacunosa, and Ipomoea purpurea. While the species exhibit differential phenotypes, the biology and management is nearly identical between the three species. Ipomoea spp. can cause significant field and vegetable crop yield reductions, and the esthetics of ornamentals and turf can be marred if not controlled. While herbicides are commonly used to control Ipomoea spp., biological, cultural, and mechanical tactics can be utilized to effectively control plants inhabiting disturbed areas.
Deep-inelastic scattering with positron beams

We discuss several advantages of using positron beams in addition to electron beams for the study of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon in deep-inelastic scattering. Specific topics include the flavor separation of the unpolarized PDFs as well as the spin-dependent distributions.
Making Sense of Nation-Level Bankruptcy Filing Rates

Much of the developed world has experienced a similar pattern of spending, debt, and insolvency over the last twenty years. First, as national income and consumer spending rise, the level of consumer debt inevitably increases. When consumer debt becomes commonplace, the incidence of household financial distress rises, with burgeoning rates of insolvency not far behind. What once was a problem only for merchants and businesses quickly becomes a risk that confronts all classes of the populace, rich or poor. As this pattern has played out, financial distress and insolvency have become front-page
Stability of a Bar Under Eccentric Follower Force

Uniform cantilevered bar subject to eccentric compressive follower force, considering warping rigidity, bending-torsional flutter and stability
Time-optimal sorting and applications on n*n enhanced meshes

Time-optimal sorting and convex hull algorithms are proposed for two classes of enhanced meshes, the mesh with multiple broadcasting and the reconfigurable mesh. The authors show that the fundamental problem of sorting n items can be solved in O(log n) time on a mesh with multiple broadcasting of size n*n, which leads to an O(log n) time algorithm to compute the convex hull of an arbitrary set of n points in the plane. Based on the constant-time sorting algorithm on reconfigurable meshes, it is suggested that the convex hull problem of size n can be solved in constant time on a reconfigurable mesh of size n*n. All these algorithms can achieve time lower bounds for their respective models of computation. >
Effects of lightning on the middle and upper atmosphere: Some new results

Abstract Recent observations of the effects of lightning on the middle and upper atmosphere have revealed several new dynamical effects of sprites and yielded initial estimates of the total internal energy, including energy residing in nonradiative vibrational states. High speed images (1000 fps) of sprite development and decay show evidence of modification of the local atmosphere by sprites, which may in turn affect the form of subsequent sprites occurring in the same region. Small, relatively long lived (∼100s ms) statinary “balls” are often observed within the decaying regions of some sprite tendrils. Calculations of diffusion time scales for the balls are roughly consistent with thermal diffusion, but the relatively long lifetime of the balls relative to nearby tendrils suggests that other processes, perhaps chemical in nature, are operative to extend the lifetime of the balls. Other contrasting features within sprites include an invariably spatially diffuse top and highly structured tendril bottoms. Following the suggestion of Williams [2000], we test as a possibly useful plasma parameter the number of electrons per electron-neutral collision volume for being potentially able to account for the clear separation between the highly structured tendril lower region and the diffuse upper regions of sprites. Models of spectrographic measurements of sprites obtained in 1998 sugges that substantial energy resides in nonradiating vibrational states of both molecular nitrogen and oxygen, in addition to the energy associated with the N2(1PG) optical emissions. Estimates of the internal energy of sprites are ∼1 GJ for a large event.
Electromagnetic compatibility in facility design

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) as with most engineering disciplines can be incorporated in a cost effective manner if thought of early in the design stage of the project. Whether the project is focused on PC board design or large scale facility design, properly applying EMC basic practices as early as possible will minimize the costs and issues associated with having to address EMC after the project has been completed. Numerous cases have shown that EMC field problems are primarily attributed to the lack of attention to basic EMC practices during initial design. In may cases the EMC practices have been misapplied or neglected all together. This paper covers some practices associated with basic EMC facility design. These basic practices include grounding, cable management, and cable terminations.
Recombination Lines and Galactic Structure

Radio recombination lines provide information that is crucial in understanding the distribution of ionized gas in the Galaxy. The new Green Bank HII region survey, which detected > 450 nebulae, is used in conjunction with southern hemisphere surveys to investigate the radial distribution of HII regions, the question of an inner boundary of star formation in the galactic disk, and star formation in the 3-kpc arm.
Strain-Rate Effects in Metals at Large Shear Strains

Many problems in ballistics involve very large shearing deformation occurring at high deformation rates. Such problems include, for instance, explosive formation of shaped charge jets or selfforming fragments and the defeat of thick targets by long rod penetration. The development of a materials testing capability, generation of experimental data and evaluation of constitutive models for use in such problems has been underway for several years. This paper will review the major results of this effort and suggest some areas for future work.
Characterization of Electrophoretic Lipoprotein Fractions: Immunochemical and Electron Microscopic Studies

To improve the characterization of electrophoretic lipoprotein subfractions, we developed two new techniques for analyzing lipoproteins after electrophoresis on thin agarose layers. Overlay with antisera exactly localizes specific apoproteins without any distortion caused by antigen diffusion; electron microscopy of eluted fractions determines the varying particle-size distribution. Applied together, these methods can detect individual differences between hyperlipemic samples that are not immediately apparent in the electrophoretic pattern, and should provide valuable new insight into the classification of hyperlipoproteinemias.
Newton-Type Methods

Newton's method is one of the most famous numerical methods. Its origins, as the name suggests, lies in part with Newton, but the form familiar to us today is due to Simpson of “Simpson's Rule” fame. Originally proposed to find the roots of polynomials it was Simpson who proposed using it for general nonlinear equations and for its use in optimization by finding a root of the gradient. Here, we discuss Newton's method for both of these problems with the focus on the somewhat harder optimization problem. A disadvantage of Newton's method, in its original form, is that it has only local convergence unless the class of functions is severely restricted. Much of the discussion here will be about the many ways in which Newton's method may be modified to achieve global convergence. A key aim of all these methods is that once the iterates come sufficiently close to a solution, the method takes Newton steps. Keywords: nonlinear equations; optimization methods; modified Newton
Serum enzymes in hepatotoxicity induced by chloroethylcyclohexyl nitrosourea and arabinofuranosyl-6-mercaptopurine.

Abstract Serial determinations of serum ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were made after the administration of single doses of chloroethylcyclohexyl nitrosourea and arabinofuranosyl-6-mercaptopurine, cancer chemotherapeutic agents, to dogs. Both drugs produced hepatic damage as shown by changes in one or more of the liver function tests used. However, the magnitude of the rise in serum enzyme activity and the test which predicted the hepatotoxicity were different for each compound. The nitrosourea predominantly affected mitochondrial enzymes while the mercaptopurine derivative produced a moderate increase in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes.
Total fat analysis in milk- and soy-based infant formula powder by supercritical fluid extraction

A rapid method for the determination of total fat in infant formula powders using a commercially available supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) instrument was evaluated. The matrices examined were Standard Reference Material SRM 1846 Infant Formula (NIST) and commercial milk- and soybased infant formula powders. Method verification and validation were done by linear regression analysis using the Method of Standard Additions. A Data Quality Objectives (DQO) format was used to define and evaluate the performance characteristic parameters of the instrumental total fat analysis fy SFE. A peer validation study showed excellent agreement with the declared labeled percentage fat values and reproducibility among three participating laboratories. The laboratory relative SD (RSDR %) is within Horwitz's limits of acceptability and the HORRAT ratio criteria at the level of the analyte analyzed. Linear regression analysis of all infant formula matrices spiked with added fat showed that the SFE instrument response was due only to the added analyte. By integrating the DQO process with a readily available certified reference material, along with reproducibility indicated by two outside collaborating laboratories, we established verification and validation of the accuracy of the data obtained by SFE.
REFINEMENT: A search framework for the identification of interferon-responsive elements in DNA sequences - a case study with ISRE and GAS

Interferons (IFN) are a family of pleiotropic secreted proteins that play a key role in mediating antiviral and apoptotic responses, and in immune modulation. Interferons induce a large number of genes through activating the janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins (STAT) pathway, and the binding of transcription factors to upstream regions of the inducible genes (interferon-stimulated gene, ISG) at specific DNA regulatory elements known as interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and gamma-activated sequence (GAS). We have previously performed DNA micro-arrays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with [email protected] in culture and showed that approximately 700 genes are significantly modulated ([email protected]?0.001). In order to search for ISRE and GAS we have developed a framework called regulatory element finding with iteration and effective model refinement (REFINEMENT) using an existing program (HMMER) and a standard discriminating scoring technique. Although REFINEMENT uses existing programs, our framework itself is novel as it effectively discriminates occurrences using an iterative model refinement technique. REFINEMENT has detected either ISRE or GAS sequence in all of the genes shown to be induced at a [email protected]?0.001. There were far more functional occurrences in ISRE than in GAS, suggesting that ISRE plays a greater role in response to [email protected] than GAS sequences. This method can be used to identify such sequences in any set of genes. REFINEMENT is non-commercial and is accessible at http://cancer.informatics.indiana.edu/ttsukaha/miltonlab/refinement/.
Bdellovibrio possesses a prey-derived OmpF protein in its outer membrane

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D andBdellovibrio stolpii derive one of their major outer membrane proteins from the outer membrane of their prey. This prey-derived protein corresponds to the OmpF protein ofEscherichia coli. Bdellovibrios cultivated onSalmonella typhimurium prey acquire theSalmonella OmpF protein; this protein is distinguishable electrophoretically from the OmpF protein ofE. coli. Bdellovibrios containing the prey-derived OmpF protein are sensitive to killing by colicin A but not colicin E1, whereas bdellovibrios without this protein are completely resistant to colicin killing.
The role of mentoring professional accountants: a global perspective

Summarizes the literature on mentoring and its effects, pointing out that little research has been done on international mentoring despite globalization. Considers how mentoring could be used to help accountants make international assignments into successful learning experiences and to cope with the culture shock they often report. Discusses the possible role of the mentor before, during and after the assignment, highlighting the critical factors during the process; and compares horizontal and vertical approaches. Urges accounting firms to use mentoring to improve international performance and as a basis for organizational learning in a global environment.
The state of general surgery residency in the United States: program director perspectives, 2001.

Hypothesis Current demographic patterns and lifestyle factors of general surgery residents may contribute to recent changes in recruitment patterns. Design Survey addressing the characteristics of general surgery residency, including demographic data, 3-year recruitment and retention trends, and working conditions of general surgery residents. Participants A convenience sample of all residency program directors in attendance at the 2001 Surgical Education Week was given the opportunity to voluntarily complete the survey. Results A total of 109 program directors responded to the survey. Women constitute 25% of all current general surgery residents: 66% of the program directors perceived a decline in the number of applicants for general surgery residency. Recruitment patterns differ significantly between small (≤4 categorical residents per year) and large (>4 categorical residents per year) residency programs. Residents at large programs averaged a 95-hour workweek, whereas those at small programs averaged an 88-hour workweek ( P = .01). The mean 1-year attrition rate for general surgery residents was 20.2% in 2000, and attrition showed no relationship to program size, gender composition, or working conditions. Conclusions Women remain underrepresented in general surgery residency. Recruitment and match statistics show some variation, but the relevance of a shrinking applicant pool to these changes is unclear. Resident working conditions remain a difficult issue, and attrition rates continue to be significant. A substantial research agenda remains in graduate surgical education.
Effect of the fat composition of a single meal on the composition and cytotoxic potencies of lipolytically-releasable free fatty acids in postprandial plasma

Ingestion of a meal increases plasma levels of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins through the secretion of intestine-derived chylomcirons and liver-derived very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). We have determined the effects of the fat composition of a single meal on the composition of TG in TG-rich lipoproteins (VLDL + chylomicrons) and circulating and lipolytically-releasable free fatty acids (FFA) in postprandial (PP) plasma and on the cytotoxic potencies of the lipolytically-released FFA to cultured arterial wall cells. PP lipemia was induced by feeding fasted normolipidemic human subjects with a meal rich in saturated fat (SF) and another meal rich in polyunsaturated fat (PUF), or vice versa; each meal provided 65% of energy as fat, and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratios (P/S) of the SF and PUF in the meals were 0.40 and 2.49, respectively. The mean P/S of TG in TG-rich lipoproteins (1.43) and circulating FFA (1.46) in 4 h PP plasma of PUF were significantly higher than those in PP plasma of SF (0.44 and 0.59, respectively) in fasting plasma (0.52 and 0.53, respectively). In vitro lipolysis of fasting and PP serum by purified bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LpL) resulted in a marked (8.8-12.3-fold) increase in the serum FFA level. The P/S of serum FFA in postlipolysis fasting and PP serum were consistently higher than that of FFA or that of TG associated with TG-rich lipoproteins in prelipolysis fasting and PP serum, indicating that polyunsaturated TG in VLDL and/or chylomicrons is more susceptible than saturated TG to lipolysis. When postlipolysis serum was interacted with cultured endothelial cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM), the lipolytically-released FFA in PP serum of SF and PUF disrupted the barrier function of endothelial cells and were cytotoxic to cultured MPM; FFA in postlipolysis fasting serum was not cytotoxic. FFA in postlipolysis PP serum of PUF were consistently more potent than that in postlipolysis PP serum of SF. Further study showed that all long-chain monounsaturated FFA and polyunsaturated FFA, but not saturated FFA, incorporated into lipoproteins (LDL) were cytotoxic to cultured MPM. In conclusion, despite the generally well-accepted belief that SF is more atherogenic than PUF, the present study provides in vitro evidence that the lipolytic remnant products of TG-rich lipoproteins produced after a meal rich in PUF are more injurious to arterial wall cells than those produced after a meal rich in SF.
Eisenstein's lemma and quadratic reciprocity for Jacobi symbols.

(2000). Eisenstein's Lemma and Quadratic Reciprocity for Jacobi Symbols. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 130-134.
Research Note: The Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Other Yersinia Species on the Carcasses of Market Broilers

Abstract Sixty ready-to-cook broiler carcasses obtained from several local supermarkets were tested for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and other Yersinia species. In the present study, the authors used two enrichment broths, yeast-extract/rosebengal-bile oxalate sorbose (YER-BOS) and phosphate-buffered saline with a postenrichment KOH treatment (PBS-KOH), and two plating media, cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) and pectin agar. Yersinia organisms were found on 34 of 60 carcasses (56.7%) and Y. enterocolitica, on 16 of 60 carcasses (26.7%). There was no significant difference between CIN and pectin agar; however, PBS-KOH yielded a significantly higher (P≤.05) detection rate than YER-BOS, regardless of the plating media used. In addition to Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii and Y. intermedia were also isolated from the market broilers. None of the Y. enterocolitica isolates were found to be presumptively virulent.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONDUCTOMETRIC PHASE TRANSITION POROSIMETRY: II. PORE GEOMETRY FACTORS

ABSTRACT This is the second of two papers which discuss the strengths and weaknesses of conductometric phase transition porosimetry. Potential errors in the determination of pore size distributions associated with the assumption that pore geometry factors are independent of pore size are discussed. Further, a comparison of CPTP pore size distributions with mercury intrusion porosimetry pore size distributions obtained from the testing of replicate samples of hydrated portland cement mortars is used to illustrate the inherent advantages of CPTP for investigations of the pore structure of water sensitive heterogeneous materials.
A C(18)O survey of dense cores in the Taurus molecular cloud: Signatures of evolution and protostellar collapse

We have mapped 11 dense cores in the Taurus molecular cloud in the C(18)O J = 2 goes to 1 line at a linear resolution of 0.02 pc. The core masses derived from C(18)O range from 0.06 to 5 solar mass. Five of them have embedded infrared sources, and six do not. Dense cores without infrared sources show multiple emission peaks. In contrast, dense cores with infrared sources have a single peak and smaller sizes. The cores with infrared sources have line widths that are 2-3 times the value expected from correlations found in previous surveys. This enhancement may be accounted for by models of gravitational collapse. The data are consistent with the idea that dense cores evolve first toward smaller sizes and smaller line width along the line width-size relation, and then toward larger line width and constant or smaller sizes as an infrared source becomes observable. A good collapse candidate, L1527, is identified based on the shapes of C(18)O and H2CO lines.
Interfacial Interaction Between Cr Thin Films and Oxide Glasses

The interfacial interaction between Cr thin films and multi-component oxide glasses has been observed by means of high spatial resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. Besides a partially oxidized Cr thin layer, a ~5nm wide Cr diffusion layer is seen. Chromium oxidation at the interface results from the difference between the heats of oxide formation. Ion exchange between Cr2+ and alkaline earth ions then causes the formation of the diffusion layer. The electronic states of the Cr in this diffusion layer are different from that in the oxidized layer. Strong interaction between Cr and O in the diffusion layer suggests that such a layer could be responsible for the formation of a strong Cr/glass interface.
Experimental studies of the active damping of free-rotor gyroscopes

The technique of active damping by hemispheric torquing results in much shorter ready times than other methods of damping free-rotor gyros. The experimentation that has been done with an air-bearing model indicates that the increased electronics complexity necessary to realize the method is small. The experiments with the model have successfully shown the ability of the gyro to completely invert the spin axis in the rotor automatically. Although not presented here, fine damping using the optical flat has been shown to be mathematically feasible. The fine damping using a "D pattern" readout was not discussed, but has been done. The expected reduction in damping time using active damping is at least of the order of 90%, and it is possible to design the system such that damping is completed simultaneously with spin-up. References
Real time spectroscopic ellipsometry of CuInSe2: Growth dynamics, dielectric function, and its dependence on temperature

This Letter reports real time spectroscopic ellipsometry studies of copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2; CIS). A Volmer-Weber nucleation process was identified from the measured thickness dynamics, and accurate dielectric functions were obtained in-situ, avoiding oxidation while correcting for surface roughness. The energy and broadening parameters of the critical points in the dielectric functions obtained versus measurement temperature (including three previously unreported ones) yield a database that is valuable for on-line materials analysis. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The μ-opioid receptor is necessary for [d-Pen2,d-Pen5]enkephalin-induced analgesia

Interactions between delta-opioid receptors and morphine-preferring mu-opioid receptor subtypes have been suggested. Availability of transgenic mu-opioid receptor knockout mice allows assessment of mu-opioid receptor roles in the analgesia produced by the classical delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in hot-plate and tail-flick tests. DPDPE analgesia was dramatically reduced in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice in a gene-dose-dependent fashion. The analgesia induced by this classic delta-opioid receptor agonist depends on intact mu-opioid receptors, suggesting that selective delta-opioid receptor drugs may require mu-opioid receptor occupancies for full efficacy.
Basement-involved thrust faulting in a thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt, Death Valley, California, USA

Although dominated by a strong late Tertiary extensional overprint, the turtlebacks of the Black Mountains of Death Valley display evidence for earlier, possibly Laramide-age, basement-involved thrust faulting. The thrust faults consist of now highly deformed contacts in which >200-m-thick bodies of basement gneiss structurally overlie upper Proterozoic metasedimentary rock. In addition, the faults contain locally preserved, east- directed mylonitic fabrics in their footwalls that are demonstrably early Tertiary or older. The association of these fabrics with Laramide-age pegmatite suggests that they may have formed concurrently with the intrusions. These basement thrust faults are significant because they formed in a region long considered to have exclusively thin-skinned deformation. Their presence also places new constraints on this part of the fold-and-thrust belt's preextension geometry by limiting the amount of late Tertiary extension. Specifically, these faults disallow the correlation of thin-skinned structures that currently exist to the east and west of the Black Mountains.
ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM THE AMINOSEMIQUINONE REACTION INTERMEDIATE OF METHYLAMINE DEHYDROGENASE TO AMICYANIN

The tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor of methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) is covalently modified by substrate-derived nitrogen during its two-electron reduction by methylamine to form an aminoquinol (N-quinol). An N-semiquinone, which retains the substrate-derived N, is the intermediate during the two sequential one-electron oxidations of N-quinol MADH by its physiologic electron acceptor, amicyanin. Electron transfer (ET) from N-quinol MADH to amicyanin is gated by the deprotonation of the substrate-derived amino group on TTQ in the enzyme active site, whereas ET reactions from dithionite-reduced quinol and semiquinone forms of MADH are rate-limited by the ET event. The ET reaction from the N-semiquinone intermediate is shown not to be gated, but rate-limited by the ET step. Marcus analysis of the reaction reveals that the ET reaction from the N-semiquinone MADH to amicyanin exhibits the same reorganizational energy and electronic coupling as do the ET reactions of the dithionite-reduced O-quin...
On isospectral potentials on a discrete lattice II

On considere une version discretisee de l'equation de Schrodinger (−Δ+Q) u=λu (sur R d ); u(x+e j )=u(x)•exp(iα j ) (1≤j≤n). On montre que le spectre de Bloch en dimension d≥2 determine generiquement le potentiel de facon unique au groupe de symetrie du probleme pres
Phosphatases of ragweed pollen.

Abstract 1. 1. Phosphoric ester-splitting enzymes have been obtained from defatted ragweed pollen by extraction with 0.25% sodium carbonate. The crude extract showed the presence of three optima in the pH-activity curve. After fractionation, a preparation showing two optima, one at pH 5.6 and another smaller one at 4.2 was obstained. 2. 2. The more alkaline optimum was 5.6 for sodium β-glycerophosphate, 5.7 for sodium α-glycerophosphate, and 5.5 for disodium nitrophenyl phosphate. 3. 3. On standing at pH 8.0 for 20 hr., the optimum at pH 4.2 was eliminated giving a preparation containing only one optimum. 4. 4. The Michaelis-Menten constants for the enzymatic cleavage of β-glycerophosphate and p -nitrophenyl phosphate were 3.0 × 10 −3 M and 7.5 × 10 −4 M , respectively, at the optimum pH. 5. 5. The critical inactivation temperature of the purified preparation when tested on β-glycerophosphate was observed to be 60–70 °C. 6. 6. The purified phosphatase remained stable in a milieu of pH 3–7 for a minimum period of 24 hr. at 5 °C. 7. 7. The energies of activation for the hydrolysis of β-glycerophosphate and p -nitrophenyl phosphate by the same enzyme preparation were found to be 7400 calories and 7600 calories, respectively. 8. 8. No compound was found to activate the ragweed pollen phosphatases. Copper, arsenate, cyanide, and fluoride were inhibitory to the enzyme system. 9. 9. The pollen phosphatase failed to hydrolyze a diester of ribonucleic acid, indicating the absence of diesterase and ribonuclease activities. The enzyme preparation possessed, in addition to a phosphomonoesterase activity, pyrophosphatase and adenosinetriphosphatase action.
Strategies for Dealing with Multiple Treatment Comparisons in Confirmatory Clinical Trials

In many clinical trials there are multiple treatments under consideration which require multiple comparisons. Investigators are faced with the problems of Type I error control (experimentwise, familywise, or comparisonwise), maintenance of reasonable power for the study, and the selection of appropriate multiple comparison techniques to achieve these. This paper reviews briefly the various multiple comparison techniques available and discusses strategies for aiding investigators in applying these in settings typical in clinical trials (eg, confirmatory studies with placebo or positive controls or both). In a confirmatory setting, the treatment comparisons can often be divided into sets or families. Appropriate multiple comparison techniques, possibly differing across families, can then be applied within and across these. Study objectives can be better achieved by employing the strategies suggested.
A patterned and un-patterned minefield detection in cluttered environments using Markov marked point process

A typical minefield detection approach is based on a sequential processing employing mine detection and false alarm rejection followed by minefield detection. The current approach does not work robustly under different backgrounds and environment conditions because target signature changes with time and its performance degrades in the presence of high density of false alarms. The aim of this research will be to advance the state of the art in detection of both patterned and unpatterned minefield in high clutter environments. The proposed method seeks to combine false alarm rejection module and the minefield detection module of the current architecture by spatial-spectral clustering and inference module using a Markov Marked Point Process formulation. The approach simultaneously exploits the feature characteristics of the target signature and spatial distribution of the targets in the interrogation region. The method is based on the premise that most minefields can be characterized by some type of distinctive spatial distribution of "similar" looking mine targets. The minefield detection problem is formulated as a Markov Marked Point Process (MMPP) where the set of possible mine targets is divided into a possibly overlapping mixture of targets. The likelihood of the minefield depends simultaneously on feature characteristics of the target and their spatial distribution. A framework using "Belief Propagation" is developed to solve the minefield inference problem based on MMPP. Preliminary investigation using simulated data shows the efficacy of the approach.
Electrochemical impedance and noise data for polymer coated steel exposed at remote marine test sites

Abstract The degradation of 12 different polymer coating systems on steel exposed to natural (NS) and artificial (AS) seawater has been monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise analysis (ENA). The marine test sites were Port Hueneme, California and Key West, Florida. A new approach has been developed to obtain electrochemical impedance and noise data from the remote test sites via modem from the laboratory at USC. A multiplexer was used at the marine test sites to collect these data for the different coating systems subjected to the two electrochemical tests. Impedance data were collected once a week, while noise data were measured twice a week. Potential and current noise data were determined simultaneously which allowed evaluation of spectral noise plots in the frequency domain and determination of the spectral noise resistance R sn o which together with the noise resistance R n was used to evaluate coating damage. The experimental approach is described and representative data from exposure to NS and AS for 7 months are presented for six coating systems which had different primer, midcoat and/or topcoat formulations. The aim of this project was to determine the impact of microorganisms on degradation of the protective properties of polymer coatings on steel during exposure to NS.
Regulation of nitrogenase activity in aerobes by Mg2+ availability: an hypothesis.

Abstract Nitrogenase functions at or near its maximum capacity in vivo , despite a reported energy charge in the cell that should severely inhibit the enzyme. Deenergizing cellular membranes, which is postulated to release magnesium in mitochondria, has been reported to produce rapid inhibition of nitrogenase activity while giving only small changes in energy charge and NAD + NADH ratio. It is proposed that the level of magnesium available for complexation by the potent inhibitor ADP is the rate controlling variable for nitrogenase activity.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE NORMAL CANINE STIFLE

Ultrasonographic examination of the normal canine stifle joint was performed to characterize its normal anatomy. Stifles of four normal adult dogs were imaged in sagittal and transverse planes and each anatomic structure visualized was recorded. Normal anatomic structures consistently seen included the patellar tendon, medial and lateral menisci, the cranial cruciate ligament and femoral condyle cartilage. The caudal cruciate ligament was visualized in two dogs. Collateral ligaments and meniscal ligaments were not visualized. The dogs were then euthanized and each stifle was isolated. Following removal of superficial muscles and skin, each stifle was imaged in a water bath to definitively identify the structures that had previously been visualized on the live dogs. The ultrasonographic appearance of the isolated stifle specimens was similar to that found in live dogs. The results of this study indicate that ultrasound can be used to image the normal anatomy of the canine stifle. The echogenicity of the patellar ligament, cruciate ligaments, menisci and articular cartilage was similar to that previously reported in equine stifles and human knees.
Predicting Behavior from Personality Trait Scores

In this study, 62 members of college fraternities were analyzed for the degree of association between personality characteristics and the selection of behavioral settings. There was a strong relationship between trait scores of Energetic and selecting a setting where energetic behavior could occur (r = .62; p C .001). Similarly, there was a strong relationship between trait scores of Sociable and selecting a setting where direct social interaction could occur (r = 53;-p .001). The findings indicated that selection of settings may be an area of behavior that is predictable from personality trait scores.
Coupling of glucose oxidase and Fenton's reaction for a simple and inexpensive assay of β-glucosidase

Abstract A simple and inexpensive assay for β-glucosidase, based on the coupling of glucose oxidase and Fenton's reagent has been described. Hydrogen peroxide formed as a result of the action of glucose oxidase on glucose (derived from the action of β-glucosidase on cellobiose) oxidizes ferrous sulphate, resulting in an increase in absorbance. The oxidation products produced a peak of maximum absorbance at 340 nm. Using this assay system, a linear relationship between glucose concentration in the range 5.55–27.78 mmol l−1(100–500 mg dl−1) and absorbance was obtained, indicating conformity to Beer's law. The preciseness of the glucose oxidase/Fenton's reagent for the assay of glucose was shown to be satisfactory. β-Glucosidase was assayed using the hexokinase assay reagent and the glucose oxidase/ferrous sulphate reagent. The values obtained using both reagents did not differ significantly. Although 2.6 times less sensitive than the hexokinase reagent when absorbance is measured at 340 nm, the glucose oxidase/Fenton's reagent is 10 times cheaper and could be used satisfactorily for routine assays of β-glucosidase and other carbohydrases including cellulase and amylase. In this respect, fructose, mannose, xylose, sucrose and cellobiose did not affect the sensitivity of the reagent. Of several metals tested, only aluminium interfered with the reagent, decreasing its sensitivity.
Viewing Membrane-Bound Molecular Umbrellas By Parallax Analyses

Fluorescence quenching measurements have been made for a series of di-walled and tetra-walled molecular umbrellas having moderate (i.e., hydroxyl-) and strong (i.e., sulfate-) facial hydrophilicity, using Cascade Blue as the fluorophore. Through the use of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphotempocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-(5-DOXYL)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-(12-DOXYL)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as fluorescence quenchers, evidence has been obtained for a membrane-bound state in which the umbrella molecules lie on the surface of the lipid bilayer. In the case of the sulfated molecular umbrellas, evidence has also been obtained for a subpopulation in which the fluorophore lies deeper within the membrane. Probable structures for the shallow-lying and deep-lying molecular umbrellas are discussed.
Model Safety-Net Programs Could Care For The Uninsured At One-Half The Cost Of Medicaid Or Private Insurance

Because the reforms under the Affordable Care Act of 2010 will leave an estimated twenty million or more people still uninsured, some Americans will continue to seek care at low or no cost through existing safety-net systems. To identify appropriate care models, this comparative case study assessed the costs of care provided by four large, well-structured, comprehensive safety-net programs for the uninsured in Colorado, Michigan, North Carolina, and Texas. The average monthly resource cost—including the value of referred, donated, and in-kind services—in these model programs was $141–$209 per adult in 2008. This was 25–50 percent less than the estimated cost of care for comparison groups covered by local Medicaid programs or by private insurance that provided similar services. Although these programs’ services are somewhat less comprehensive than those of generous insurance plans, the findings suggest that these model safety-net programs could be adapted to provide an alternative type of coverage for the ...
Functional roles of KATP channel subunits in metabolic inhibition

ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) activation can drastically shorten action potential duration (APD) in metabolically compromised myocytes. We showed previously that SUR1 with Kir6.2 forms the functional channel in mouse atria while Kir6.2 and SUR2A predominate in ventricles. SUR1 is more sensitive to metabolic stress than SUR2A, raising the possibility that KATP in atria and ventricles may respond differently to metabolic stress. Action potential duration (APD) and calcium transient duration (CaTD) were measured simultaneously in both atria and ventricles by optical mapping of the posterior surface of Langendorff-perfused hearts from C57BL wild-type (WT; n = 11), Kir6.2−/− (n = 5), and SUR1−/− (n = 6) mice during metabolic inhibition (MI, 0 mM glucose + 2 mM sodium cyanide). After variable delay, MI led to significant shortening of APD in WT hearts. On average, atrial APD shortened by 60.5 ± 2.7% at 13.1 ± 2.1 min (n = 6, p < 0.01) after onset of MI. Ventricular APD shortening (56.4 ± 10.0% shortening at 18.2 ± 1.8 min) followed atrial APD shortening. In SUR1−/− hearts (n = 6), atrial APD shortening was abolished, but ventricular shortening (65.0 ± 15.4% at 25.33 ± 4.48 min, p < 0.01) was unaffected. In Kir6.2−/− hearts, two disparate responses to MI were observed; 3 of 5 hearts displayed slight shortening of APD in the ventricles (24 ± 3%, p < 0.05) and atria (39.0 ± 1.9%, p < 0.05) but this shortening occurred later and to much less extent than in WT (p < 0.05). Marked prolongation of ventricular APD was observed in the remaining hearts (327% and 489% prolongation) and was associated with occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The results confirm that Kir6.2 contributes to APD shortening in both atria and ventricle during metabolic stress, and that SUR1 is required for atrial APD shortening while SUR2A is required for ventricular APD shortening. Importantly, the results show that the presence of SUR1-dependent KATP in the atria results in the action potential being more susceptible to metabolically driven shortening than the ventricle.