cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparation of follicle stimulating hormone from sheep pituitary glands.

A method is reported for the preparation of highly purified follicle stimulating hormone from sheep pituitary glands. The FSH was prepared from extracts of the fresh glands by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sephadex. The FSH obtained was shown by the Steelman-Pohley assay to be about 44 times as active as the standard FSH preparation (NIH-FSH-S1). Physicochemical studies indicate that the FSH preparation is essentially homogeneous and the molecular weight is approximately 33,000.
Supplementation with a synthetic polyphenol limits oxidative stress and enhances neuronal cell viability in response to hypoxia-re-oxygenation injury.

Abstract Oxidative stress is associated with the pathology of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disease. Cultured human neuronal cells exposed to experimental hypoxia–re-oxygenation (H/R) injury responded with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a significant decrease in intracellular ATP. Expression of genes encoding for hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α), inducible haemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1), the oxygen-sensor neuroglobin (Nb) and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx-1) increased significantly in response to the insult. Enhanced expression of HO-1, SOD1 and CAT correlated with an increase in the corresponding protein activity. Despite the cellular response to bolster antioxidant capacity, apoptosis and necrosis increased following H/R injury. In contrast, ROS accumulation, the endogenous gene response and cell death was limited in neuronal cells pre-incubated with 50 or 100, but not 10 μM of the phenolic antioxidant 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-butyl-biphenyl-4,4′-diol (BP) prior to H/R injury. These data indicate that the early endogenous gene response to H/R injury is unable to inhibit neuronal dysfunction and that increasing cellular antioxidant capacity with a synthetic polyphenol (> 10 μM) is potentially neuro-protective.
Practices and the New Ecclesiology: Misplaced Concreteness?

: Recent writing in ecclesiology has often focused on church practices and less on dogmatic accounts. Whilst welcoming this renewed awareness, there are problems in its development, demonstrated here through an analysis of the concept of ‘a practice’, and through readings of two examples of this tendency: Hutter's Suffering Divine Things and Hauerwas's With the Grain of the Universe. Resources from Thomas Aquinas are offered that might help the development of ecclesiology in this vein.
Tensile strength and the ring test

Abstract Results of ring tests on a gympsum plaster, with and without limestone inclusions, are presented with the emphasis on small hole sizes. The tensile strength varies within the ring test between two constant values. One is the true tensile strength in this situation for large hole sizes when the elastic calculations adequately represent the physical situation. The other is a totally fictitious tensile strength for small hole sizes which have no effect on failure. Tensile strength variation within the ring test is thus explained by the gradual breakdown of elasticity theory as the hole size is reduced. Tensile strength variation between the ring test and Brazillian test, however, remains a paradox. It is shown that the latter variation is not caused by ignoring the compressive stress component in the Brazilian biaxial stress field.
Virtual Optical Network Mapping in Flexible-Grid Optical Networks

In this talk, we address issues related to the composition of virtual optical networks (VONs) over a physical optical network infrastructure that is subject to physical-layer constraints. Several techniques for VON mapping in flexible-grid optical networks, with the objective of minimizing equipment and infrastructure cost, are explored. Additional important issues, such as VON survivability and VON composition over multi-domain optical networks are discussed.
Electron Collection by Blunt Probes in the Lower Ionosphere

In order to determine electron densities from /V (current-voltage) data, an analysis of electron collection processes in the weakly ionized, high-pressure ionosphere plasma between 40 and 80 km has been carried out. The diffusion layer concept of ion collection is not applicable. At collector voltages above those for Langmuir saturation, an approximate continuum solution to the electron flux determination is based on experimental values of drift velocity vs El P. Correction for larger \en at higher altitudes is included. Electron flux is found to be determined at distances far from the collector, and flow effects are found to be minimal. Electron densities from blunt probe data are compared with those taken simultaneously with other instruments.
Health-related quality of life in midlife women in Qatar and the effect of arthritis

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are important indicators of perceived physical and mental health and are affected by changes in health status, demographic characteristics, culture, and ethnicity. Although recent studies have reported on HRQoL in midlife women in the US, most notably the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), there has been little research conducted on quality of life issues experienced by midlife women in the Middle East. Qatar has a high prevalence of obesity, a known risk factor for many chronic diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which adversely influences HRQoL. This study has the following goals: To compare HRQoL among midlife Arab women living in Qatar to that of women in the US, (2) to report the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and symptoms of aches and stiffness in joints, (3) to examine the impact of OA and RA on HRQoL, and (4) to compare arthritis prevalence and HRQoL of Qatari women to t...
Simulating the effects of prescribed burning on fuel loading and timber production (EcoFL) in managed northern Wisconsin forests

We developed a fuel loading prediction model (EcoFL), which quantified fuel loads at ecosystem level using a classical ecosystem productivity concept and aboveground biomass measurements. EcoFL predicted fuel loading with high precision (r 2 = 0.94), but the linear relationship between measured and predicted was slightly off from the 1:1 line (slope = 0.86–1.17). The study showed a possibility of developing landscape level fuel loading model. EcoFL indicated that carbon allocation had to be parameterized accurately to predict fuel loading precisely. Prescribed burning has been widely used to reduce fuel and promote ecosystem functions throughout the United States, but the long-term ecological impacts of prescribed burning are widely unknown. We evaluated the effect of alternative prescribed burning rotations (ROT), magnitude in productivity reduction by prescribed burning (MAG), and duration of productivity reduction (DUR) on fuel loading (Mg ha−1 )a nd timber production (Mg ha −1 ) in managed northern hardwood, red pine (Pinus resinosa), and jack pine (P. banksiana) forests in northern Wisconsin. The results showed that DUR would be the most critical information when deciding ROT in order to preserve timber production and to maintain low fuel loading. The results implied that forest productivity could reduce timber production drastically, if ROT was shorter than DUR and ecosystem productivity was affected cumulatively by prescribed burning. Under a 5-year ROT, the harvested biomass was reduced up to 17.9, 30.4, and 25.5%, respectively, of controls in hardwood, red pine, and jack pine forests. For accurate long-term prediction of prescribed burning, substantial field data are still needed to identify productivity recovery pattern, carbon allocation after burning, and long-term effect of burning on productivity. EcoFL has the potential to be used for evaluating the effect of various disturbances (e.g., thinning, harvesting) on fuel loading, and the output of EcoFL can be used as an input data for fire spread models. The results of this study will be fundamental for forest managers to balance the timber production and fuel reduction using prescribed burning.
Finding most likely haplotypes in general pedigrees through parallel search with dynamic load balancing.

General pedigrees can be encoded as Bayesian networks, where the common MPE query corresponds to finding the most likely haplotype configuration. Based on thi s, a strategy for grid parallelization of a stateof-the-art Branch and Bound algorithm for MPE is introduced: independent worker nodes concurrently solve subproblems, managed by a Branch and Bound master node. The likelihood functions are used to predict subproblem complexity, enabling efficient automation of th e parallelization process. Experimental evaluation on up to 20 parallel nodes yields very promising results and suggest the effectiveness of the scheme, solving several very hard problem instances. The system runs on loosely coupled commodity hardware, simplifying deployment on a larger scale in the future.
Treatment endpoints for resistant port wine stains with a 755 nm laser

Laser therapy of port wine stains (PWS) resistant to pulsed dye laser is challenging and controversial. Based on the theory of selective photothermolysis, vessels in such lesions may be specificall...
Soft-Length Frame Protocols for Wireless Networks

Temporal fading is an inherent characteristic of wireless channels. Also, in a multiuser spread spectrum network, the instantaneous value of the multiple access interference varies with time. As a consequence, the instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio varies from one frame to another. This variation can also occur within a given frame. In this work, we propose protocols, namely, soft-length frame (SOLF) protocols, that adaptively control the duration of the frame, or the spreading gain, according to the channel and interference conditions. In these protocols, the control operation is carried out mainly at the receiver end, resulting in a distributed system, unlike other variable spreading gain algorithms which are centralized. We implement these protocols in single- and multi-carrier CDMA systems and show that these protocols can enhance the throughput and capacity of wireless networks.
TEACHER USE OF INTERVENTIONS IN GENERAL EDUCATION SETTINGS: MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

This study examined the integrity with which 4 general education teachers implemented an intervention designed to improve the academic performance of elementary school students. Treatment integrity was measured daily using permanent products. The results showed that the 4 teachers markedly increased the integrity of the delivered treatment when they were provided with performance feedback. The results suggest that academic performance improved for the group of students as integrity improved. DESCRIPTORS: performance feedback, teachers, treatment integrity, education, academic behavior, permanent products, treatment compliance
Regulated cleavage of prothrombin by prothrombinase. Repositioning a cleavage site reveals the unique kinetic behavior of the action of prothrombinase on its compound substrate

Prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin via cleavage at Arg320 followed by cleavage at Arg271. Exosite-dependent binding of prothrombin to prothrombinase facilitates active site docking by Arg320 and initial cleavage at this site. Precise positioning of the Arg320 site for cleavage is implied by essentially normal cleavage at Arg320 in recombinant prothrombin variants bearing additional Arg side chains either one or two residues away. However, mutation of Arg320 to Gln reveals that prothrombinase can cleave prothrombin following Arg side chains shifted by as many as two residues N-terminal to the 320 position at near normal rates. Further repositioning leads to a loss in cleavage at this region with an abrupt shift toward slow cleavage at Arg271. In contrast, the binding constant for the active site docking step is strongly dependent on the sequence preceding the scissile bond as well as position. Large effects on binding only yield minor changes in rate until the binding constant passes a threshold value. This behavior is expected for a substrate that can engage the enzyme through mutually exclusive active site docking reactions followed by cleavage to yield different products. Cleavage site specificity as well as the ordered action of prothrombinase on its compound substrate is regulated by the thermodynamics of active site engagement of the individual sites as well as competition between alternate cleavage sites for active site docking.
The Portrayal of the Aging: Trends on Commercial Television

This study assesses the frequency, attributes, and manifest social behaviors of the elderly on network fictional television series in 1975, 1976, and 1977. The content analysis shows that the aging represent a small and decreasing proportion of all television characters, with a decline from 4% to 2% across the three seasons studied. Elderly characters appear disproportionately in situation comedies; compared to other age groups, the aging are more likely to be male and lower class, and less likely to break the law. The elderly tend to be low in physical aggression but high in verbal abusiveness. The implications of these depictions for social learning by both young and old viewers are discussed.
iWISE: Inter-router Wireless Scalable Express Channels for Network-on-Chips (NoCs) Architecture

Network-on-Chips (NoCs) paradigm is fast becoming a defacto standard for designing communication infrastructure for multicores with the dual goals of reducing power consumption while improving performance. However, research has shown that power consumption and wiring complexity will be two of the major constraints that will hinder the growth of future NoCs architecture. This has resulted in the investigation of emerging technologies and devices to alleviate the power and performance bottleneck in NoCs. In this paper, we propose iWISE, an inter-router wireless scalable express channels for NoCs architecture that minimizes the power consumption via hybrid wireless communication channels, reduces the area overhead with smaller routers and shared buffers, and improves performance by minimizing the hop count. We compared our network to leading electrical and wireless topologies such as mesh, concentrated mesh, flattened butterfly and other wireless hybrid topologies. Our simulation results on real applications such as Splash-2, PARSEC, and SPEC2006 for 64 core architectures indicate that we save 2X power and 2X area while improving performance significantly. We show that iWISE can be further scaled to 256 cores while achieving a 2.5X performance increase and saving of 2X power when compared to other wireless networks on synthetic workloads.
Premedical Students' Survivability and Specialization: A Social and Psychological Study

This study attempted to perform two functions: (1) establish demographic and psychological characteristics of an incoming self-declared premedical student group at the University of Texas, Austin and (2) compare attitudinal value and belief sets of an incoming group and a group of premedicai students completing their premedicai training in an attempt to assess the impact of the collegiate experience upon the premedicai students' occupational goals. In Group I were all students attending an orientation program at the University of Texas during the Summer of 1972 prior to enrolling in the University in the Fall of 1972, N = 372, of whom 80% were male. Group II, the medical school applicants, were prerneds at the University in the academic year of 1972–73 applying for admission to medical school (N = 182). The findings indicate the male group was more variable than its female counterpart. Premedical students, male and female, seemed to be more research oriented, more anxious and inner-directed and more conce...
Combined genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 and P2X3 attenuates colorectal hypersensitivity and afferent sensitization.

The ligand-gated channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and P2X3 have been reported to facilitate colorectal afferent neuron sensitization, thus contributing to organ hypersensit...
SSC Refrigeration System Design Studies

The SSC is an application of superconductivity on a scale vastly larger than any before. Its two collider storage rings are formed of some 10,000 superconducting magnets of many types, all of which must be maintained below the chosen operating temperature of 4.35 K under a wide variety of operating conditions. Thus an extensive cryogenic system is required that not only meets the magnets’ operating requirements, but also provides for transient conditions such as cooldown, magnet quench, and periods for magnet maintenance. In addition, this system must function compatibly with scientific use of the SSC and run on a schedule consistent with the high beam availability that is necessary to the success of the SSC as a whole.
Synthesis of silica–ammonium chloride macrofibers generated by anionic surfactant templated nanotubes

Silica-ammonium chloride nanotubes, generated by the condensation of sodium silicate onto ammonium cation-modified anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellular templates, readily create hierarchical structures through the self-assembly into thicker nanotubes, belts, and ultimately into centimetre long macrofibers. The resulting fibers possess a remarkable range of tubular dimensions (i.e., nanometre to micrometre diameters, and micrometre to centimetre lengths) within a single assembly. The silica-ammonium chloride nanotubes have a high organic content as a result of the surfactant template. The nanotubes lose structural integrity in aqueous solution, but demonstrate retention of structure in organic solvents or when dried. The dependence on each of the component reagents for the generation of these nanotube structures has been investigated. The silica-ammonium chloride nanotubes have been characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and TGA. The creation of three-dimensional mineral structures using anionic surfactants more closely mimics biomineralization processes than prior approaches with cationic or non-ionic organic templates.
Clinical, Radiographic, and Surgical Presentation of Subscapularis Tendon Tears: A Retrospective Analysis of 139 Patients

Purpose To analyze and correlate the clinical, radiographic, and surgical presentation of subscapularis (SSc) tears treated with arthroscopic repair. Methods We retrospectively identified 455 patients who underwent rotator cuff tear repairs at our institution from 2010 to 2014. Of these patients, 139 underwent an SSc repair either in isolation or concurrently with other rotator cuff procedures. Tear size was classified arthroscopically by whether tears involved the superior one-third of the SSc tendon, superior two-thirds of the SSc tendon, or complete SSc tendon. Patient demographic characteristics, assessments of belly-press weakness and the lift-off test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and data on concurrent supraspinatus and biceps tendon pathology were collected and analyzed according to tear size. Results Our cohort had a mean age of 61.8 ± 12.5 years, with a male-female gender ratio of 1.7:1. There were 22 tears of the superior one-third of the SSc (16%), 96 tears of the superior two-thirds of the SSc (69%), and 21 complete SSc tears (15%). Overall, MRI diagnosis of SSc tears had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 70%. MRI sensitivity was associated with tear severity ( P = .02), with complete tears having an MRI sensitivity of 100%; superior two-thirds, 82%; and superior one-third, 67%. Physical examination sensitivity for belly-press weakness and the lift-off test was 61% and 63%, respectively, and did not correspond with tear size. Increased SSc tear size corresponded with a history of trauma ( P = .04) and the presence of concurrent supraspinatus tears ( P = .03) and biceps pathology ( P = .003). Conclusions The diagnosis of SSc tears remains challenging because of the limited sensitivity of MRI and physical examination. The diagnostic sensitivity of MRI is associated with SSc tear size, whereas physical examination is independent of tear size. Additional associations identified in this study include increased SSc tear size corresponding with a history of trauma, presence of concurrent supraspinatus tears, and presence of concurrent biceps tendon pathology. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Cortical Excitability Relation To Periodic Leg Movements (PLMS) And Sleep In Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) (P5.284)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate leg and hand Corticomotor excitability in relation to sleep in RLS patients. BACKGROUND: Increased cortical excitability using paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shown for the hand in RLS patients has not been evaluated for the leg nor have these changes been related to the polysomnography measures characteristic of RLS (i.e., PLMS and increased waking during sleep (WASO). DESIGN/METHODS: 2 RLS adults and 16 matched Controls underwent morning TMS following overnight polysomnography. We tested paired-pulse TMS linked to GABA-A and GABA-B activity: short and long interval intracortical inhibition (SICI, LICI) of both the abductor pollicis brevis and the anterior tibialis muscles. RESULTS: RLS compared to controls showed less SICI for hand (p 0.20). WASO correlated significantly only with both hand SICI (r=0.60, p<0.001) and leg LICI (r=0.66, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These first data evaluating paired pulse morning TMS for the hand and leg revealed complex differences in cortical excitability for RLS both compared to controls and in relation to sleep. The differences in the relation of TMS to PLMS and WASO suggest differing neurobiological bases for these two sleep-related features of RLS. Study Supported by: NIH grant R01 NS075184 Disclosure: Dr. Salas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kalloo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krum has nothing to disclose. Dr. Allen has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKlyne Inc., Pfizer Inc, Impax Pharmaceuticals and UCB Pharma. Dr. Allen has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Sleep Medicine. Dr. Allen has received research support from GlaxoSmithKlyne Inc.
Miné Okubo's Legacy: An Artist of All Seasons

By now, her life story is familiar to many, if not most. By now her character and her way - and, of course, her art - are legends, but I remember well that brisk February day of 1999 in the West Village, when I met Mine Okubo. It was a memory that is uniquely mine.
Notizen: Methylmercury-Induced Sedimentation Heterogeneity of T7 Bacteriophage DNA

Single-stranded and methylmercurated T7 DNA is composed of two species as evidenced from the sedimentation pattern displayed during band-sedimentation in self-generating density gradients as well as during equilibrium-sedimentation in CS2SO4 density gradients. Under the given experimental conditions, viz., at pH 9.18 and in presence of 0.1 mM CH3HgOH, the two species band in CS2SO4 with a density difference of 0.008 g/ml. The ratio of the sedimentation coefficients of the two species is sw, 20 (fast)/sw, 20 (slow) = 1.63 at pH 9.18 and in presence of 1.6 mM CH3HgOH. Both native and denatured T7 DNA behave as monodisperse systems in the absence of CH3HgOH.
Power and Conflict in Adaptive Management: Analyzing the Discourse of Riparian Management on Public Lands

Adaptive collaborative management emphasizes stakeholder engagement as a crucial component of resilient social-ecological systems. Collaboration among diverse stakeholders is expected to enhance learning, build social legitimacy for decision making, and establish relationships that support learning and adaptation in the long term. However, simply bringing together diverse stakeholders does not guarantee productive engagement. Using critical discourse analysis, we examined how diverse stakeholders negotiated knowledge and power in a workshop designed to inform adaptive management of riparian livestock grazing on a National Forest in the southwestern USA. Publicly recognized as a successful component of a larger collaborative effort, we found that the workshop effectively brought together diverse participants, yet still restricted dialogue in important ways. Notably, workshop facilitators took on the additional roles of riparian experts and instructors. As they guided workshop participants toward a consensus view of riparian conditions and management recommendations, they used their status as riparian experts to emphasize commonalities with stakeholders supportive of riparian grazing and accentuate differences with stakeholders skeptical of riparian grazing, including some Forest Service staff with power to influence management decisions. Ultimately, the management plan published one year later did not fully adopt the consensus view from the workshop, but rather included and acknowledged a broader diversity of stakeholder perspectives. Our findings suggest that leaders and facilitators of adaptive collaborative management can more effectively manage for productive stakeholder engagement and, thus, social- ecological resilience if they are more tentative in their convictions, more critical of the role of expert knowledge, and more attentive to the knowledge, interests, and power of diverse stakeholders.
Lipid metabolism in normal and rachitic rat epiphyseal cartilage.

SummaryLipid synthesis in rat epiphyseal cartilage has been studied in relation to normal growth and the production of rickets. Cartilage was incubated in vitro in modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with added I-14C palmitic acid. In normal 28-day-old male weanling rats, the total uptake of 1-14C palmitic acid from the media showed a gradual increase with time. Fractionation of the lipids showed 64.6% of the label in free fatty acids; 19.2% in triglycerides; 12.8% in phospholipids; and 6.2% in cholesterol and cholesterol esters. In rachitic rats of comparable age, the total uptake of 1-14C palmitic acid was increased significantly, indicating an increased rate of lipid synthesis.
POST-HEPARIN LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS HEPARIN-S35.

SummaryFollowing intravenous injection of S35-labelled heparin in doses from 0.1–0.6 mg/kg, in rabbits, the time course of heparin radioactivity and lipolytic activity was measured. After 10 minutes, both S35 and lipolytic activity decay curves follow an essentially similar course whether prolonged by larger doses of heparin or a previous 24-hour fast. These data suggest a circulating combination between these two substances. The data are not compatible with previous studies which suggested a much faster rate of turnover for heparin.
Research on Energy Saving and DC Ice Melting Technology of the Overhead Ground Wire in Ice Area

Icing on the overhead transmission line is a serious hazard to the safe operation, and the ground wire is more easily to be iced. When the ground wire is grounded at each tower, ice melting with direct current(DC) is impossible, whilst the ground wire is grounded at a single point, ice melting with DC will be simple and feasible. This paper introduces the complete process and technology of ice melting with DC including the calculation of the voltage and current for ice melting, the selection of the capacity of the ice melting device, determination of the ground wire insulator and the air gap, the wire connection modes for ice melting with DC for different lines, and so on.
Documenting 15 Years (2000-2015) of SOPHE Achievements: Recent Developments and Future Directions

For over six decades, the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) has been a leading professional organization for the field of health education (HE). This historical research extends the work of Cissell and Bloom by investigating the recent history of SOPHE. The aims of this historical study were to (1) identify key SOPHE and HE events from 2000 to 2015, (2) describe key contributions of SOPHE to the HE field during this time period, and (3) identify potential future directions for SOPHE. Johnson and Christensen's five steps for historical research were followed to conduct an eDelphi study and one-on-one interviews. During the three-round eDelphi study, SOPHE officers ( n = 16) and senior staff ( n = 5), who served between 2000 and 2015, identified significant SOPHE's leaders and rated the importance of SOPHE's recent events. Key leaders ( n = 25) participated in semistructured interviews to describe their involvement in SOPHE, specific SOPHE activities, and future directions for SOPHE. Brief, structured intercept interviews were also conducted with student ( n = 10) and professional SOPHE members ( n = 11). Data collected during the eDelphi study were analyzed to determine central tendency statistics and percent agreement on each event evaluated in the second- and third-round surveys. Qualitative interview data were analyzed with NVivo using thematic analysis. Data from the eDelphi study revealed 29 SOPHE and 17 HE events that occurred between 2000 and 2015 as being "important" or "very important." Results from the thematic analysis revealed several themes in three areas: SOPHE accomplishments, benefits of SOPHE membership, and possible future directions for SOPHE to explore.
Aberrant Expression of Golgin-84 in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Myeloma

Abstract 4633 Background: Golgins are proteins of the Golgi complex. Several Golgins have been implicated in apoptosis. Expression of Golgin-84, a Golgin protein, is altered in apoptotic WEHI-231, a B-cell lymphoma line, suggesting that Golgin-84 may play a role in lymphoid tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the expression levels of Golgin-84 in human primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas and plasma cell myeloma. Design: Golgin-84 expression was investigated in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines by using Western blot analysis and polyclonal antibodies. Using immunohistochemical stains, Western blotting analysis and Q-PCR, Golgin-84 expression was assessed in 5 reactive lymph nodes, 149 cases of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 28 cases of primary plasma cell myeloma. Results: Immunohistochemical stains, Western blotting analysis and Q-PCR on 5 reactive lymph nodes demonstrated that Golgin-84 was expressed at low levels in lymphoid cells of germinal centers, mantle cells, marginal zones, and interfollicular areas. Golgin-84 was variably expressed in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines tested, with the highest levels in cells from high-grade tumors (e.g. anaplastic large cell lymphoma; ALCL, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), ALCL and peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCL)) and the lowest levels in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. DLBCL, ALCL and PTCL frequently showed high expression of Golgin-84. Most lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL) and plasma cell myeloma (PCM) expressed high levels of Golgin-84. Expression levels of Golgin-84 were lower in MCL and low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). Conclusions: Golgin-84 expression levels are low in lymphoid cells of normal lymph nodes. Most (>90%) cases of LPL and PCM, and at least half of cases of DLBCL, ALCL and PTCL express high levels of Golgin-84. These findings suggest that Golgin-84 may be involved in tumorigenesis or lymphoma progression, particularly in neoplasms with plasmacytic differentiation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hybridization in Plants

Hybridization has been considered both a creative force in plant evolution and evolutionary noise, and plant biologists continue to evaluate the significance of this common process. In this article, the role of hybridization in generating novelty, from homoploid hybrid species to polyploids, and in the context of genetic, genomic, and ecological features are considered. New techniques are revealing extensive genetic and genomic alterations in hybrids and polyploids relative to their parental species, raising exciting questions about the roles of these changes in altering evolutionary trajectories and ecological interactions and about the long-term fates of species derived through hybridization.
The Impact of Growth, Volatility and Competitive Advantage on Equity Valuation

In this paper I examine the relationship between equity valuation and four value drivers - revenue growth, volatility, profit margin and competitive advantage. I derive equity valuation models which are more robust than those used by equity analysts in practice, but require analysts to consider very little additional information. The paper is motivated by evidence that the typical multiples-based valuations of analysts are not associated with improved portfolio performance. Prior research suggests that analysts devote considerable resources to forecasting near-term earnings, but derive target prices from those earnings in an almost arbitrary fashion. In contrast, the valuation practices of industrial firms show an increasing level of sophistication. The models' predominant assumption is that firms' competitive advantage is unlikely to be sustained indefinitely. This implies that long-run expected returns on reinvested earnings are equal to the cost of capital - a concept generally-accepted in the literature but which typically results in valuations below transaction prices. Hence, I also account for the value of management's option to alter investment policy in response to signals regarding expected future growth. This assumption can be implemented by simulating earnings over an assumed competitive advantage period and computing the mean valuation which results from those simulations.
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use on College Campuses: Risk Factors for Abuse

Background In recent years, there has been an increase in prescription drug abuse, particularly among adolescents and young adults. While substance abuse on college campuses has remained a pervasive public health concern, rates of nonmedical prescription drug use surpass commonly abused drugs. The three most commonly abused prescription drugs (central nervous system (CNS) depressants, opioids, and stimulants) were assessed to identify differences among student characteristics, as well as their relationship with abuse. Purpose The purpose of this study is to conduct a secondary analysis to explore demographic variables (race, gender, academic performance, living arrangement, alcohol and other drug usage, and affiliation with a fraternity/sorority) and their relationship with nonmedical prescription drug use. Also, this study aims to identify potential strategies and provide suggestions to address nonmedical prescription drug abuse for future interventions. Methods Data was obtained from the 2009 National College Health Assessment. The study consisted of n = 1,417 undergraduate students attending Virginia Commonwealth University. Initially, overall prevalence rates for past-year illicit use of prescription CNS depressant, opioids, and stimulant use were examined. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify differences among users and nonusers for each class of prescription drug using Pearson’s Chi-Square test of significance. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine associations between these demographics and illicit use of each prescription drug. Interactions between individual demographics and drug use were also examined. Results The past year prevalence use of nonmedical prescription central nervous system depressants, opioids, and stimulants use were 4, 11.2, and 8.7% respectively. According to bivariate analyses, nonmedical use was higher among certain college students, however characteristics varied by type of prescription drug. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that students living off campus (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.35) and reported use of alcohol (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.21, 12.64) and marijuana (OR = 4.41, 95% CI = 2.28, 8.54) were more likely to use prescription depressants. Students with a GPA of a C or lower (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.17), and reported use of marijuana (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.22, 4.78) were more likely to use prescription opioids. Nonmedical prescription stimulant use was highest among White students (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.30) with a GPA of a B or lower (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.30) and reported lifetime use of alcohol (OR = 7.96, 95% CI = (2.50, 25.41). Conclusions The results of this study provide insight into the demographic variables and their relationship with nonmedical prescription drug abuse. The findings have important implications for identifying potential strategies to address nonmedical prescription drug abuse and will assist in the development of targeted and tailored interventions.
Oxygen Diffusion in Silicon: The Influence of Hydrogen

Oxygen is incorporated at concentration levels of order 1018 cm-3 in single crystals of silicon grown using the Czochralski method. These silicon wafers are extensively used in device applications. During thermal processing, depending on the processing parameters, the oxygen atoms aggregate to form clusters of various sizes and also Si02 precipitates [1]. The precipitation of oxygen leads to the formation of extended defects in the silicon wafer, improving its mechanical properties and also “gettering” impurities from the the bulk. The rate-limiting step in oxygen aggregation is the diffusion of oxygen through the bulk of the material. Thus, there has been extensive investigation of the diffusion of oxygen in silicon, using a range of experimental techniques [2]. In this article, we will summarize recent theoretical results [3] which have allowed us to resolve many outstanding puzzles about oxygen diffusion and give a comprehensive account of the underlying atomistic processes. In addition, we report hitherto unpublished results on the effects of H on O diffusion.
Thunder at the Gates: The Black Civil War Regiments That Redeemed America. By Douglas R. Egerton. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2016. Pp. 429. $32.00.)

Writing in 1878, a veteran of the all‐black 5th Massachusetts Cavalry reminisced on the contributions of African American soldiers to Union victory in the Civil War. He wrote: There were many deeds...
Dealing with Data: Instructing with Infographics in an Undergraduate Sociology Course

AbstractAs the collection and dissemination of “big data” become easier, we are exposed to increasing numbers of visuals, or infographics, that convey this data. Students are likely to interact wit...
Objects and Events

Two-dimensional visual, auditory and tactual sensations are perceived in three-dimensions. Visual and tactual surfaces become objects occluding one another, and intermixed sounds become segregated into discrete sources. For camouflage to be effective, it must counteract the figure-ground organization that makes prey visible by masking their edges and textures. The grouping and figure-ground principles that underlie the organization of sensations in each sense individually are the same ones when sensations occur together in two or more modalities. The effect of one modality on another, as found in spatial or temporal ventriloquism, depends on the degree of correspondence between the sensations in each modality versus the strength of organization within each. Handel suggests figure-ground organization seems based on innate core principles modified by experience.
A technology-assisted life of recovery from psychosis.

Developments in digital health technologies have the potential to expedite and strengthen the path towards recovery for people with psychosis. This perspective piece provides a snapshot of how a range of digital technologies can be deployed to support a young adult’s efforts to cope with schizophrenia-spectrum illness. In conjunction with a day in the life of this individual, we provide examples of innovations in digital health research designed for this clinical population, as well as brief summaries of the evidence supporting the usability, feasibility, or effectiveness of each approach. From early detection to ongoing symptom management and vocational rehabilitation, this day-in-the-life vignette provides an overview of the ways in which digital health innovations could be used in concert to augment, scaffold, and enhance schizophrenia-spectrum illness management and recovery.
Abstract 575: Loss of Function Variant in CYB5R3 Associates With Exacerbated Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice

African Americans (AA) are 20 times more likely to be diagnosed with heart failure (HF) before the age of 50 and 2 times more likely to die from heart failure. Previous reports have shown AA with H...
Ultimate Load off of H-Columns Under Biaxial Bending

From an analytical procedure, the computational procedure of which is restricted to columns made of an idealized elastic-perfectly plastic material that is free of residual strains, it appears that the ultimate load capacity of eccentrically loaded steel wide flange columns is considerably higher than that at first yield. The procedure may be extended to columns of other cross-sectional shapes and to those containing residual strains. The effect of the warping strains resulting from the nonuniform torque to which such columns are subjected is included in the analytical procedure. For the numerical example, the ends of the column are permitted to rotate about any axis lying in the cross-sectional plane. Twisting of the column is restrained at the ends but warping of the end cross sections is permitted.
Hyperglucosuria induced by dapagliflozin augments bacterial colonization in the murine urinary tract

Aim To test the effects of dapagliflozin-induced hyperglucosuria on ascending bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) in a mouse model. Methods Dapagliflozin or canagliflozin was used to induce hyperglucosuria in non-diabetic adult female mice prior to transurethral inoculation with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Glucose, bacterial load, cytokines, neutrophil mobilization and inflammation during acute and chronic UTI were determined. Results Significant increase in UPEC load was observed in the urinary tract of hyperglucosuric mice compared with controls. Dapagliflozin-treated mice developed bacteraemia resulting in UPEC colonization of the spleen and liver at a higher frequency than controls. Chronic UTI in hyperglucosuric mice resulted in an increased incidence of renal abscesses. Histopathological evaluation revealed only modest increases in tissue damage in the urinary bladders and kidneys of dapagliflozin-treated mice, despite a profound increase in bacterial load. There was poor neutrophil mobilization to the urine of hyperglucosuric mice. We also observed a delayed increase of IL-1β in urine, and bladders, and IL-6 in urine of hyperglucosuric mice. Experimental inoculation with K. pneumoniae also revealed higher bacterial burden in the urinary bladder, spleen and liver from dapagliflozin-treated mice compared with controls. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicate that dapagliflozin-induced hyperglucosuria in non-diabetic female mice leads to increased susceptibility to severe UTI, and bacteraemia of urinary tract origin.
Chapter 11 – Doppler Modes

A major application of diagnostic ultrasound is the visualization and measurement of hemodynamic flow in the major vessels, organs, and heart. The weak ultrasound scattering from flowing red blood cells causes a Doppler frequency shift that can track the hemodynamics of flow. Continuous-wave and pulsed-wave Doppler signal-processing methods provide quantitative local information about flow as well as its directionality. More global views can be obtained through color flow imaging and power Doppler imaging. Because the Doppler effect is limited to a projection of flow onto the direction of ultrasound propagation, it senses flow in only one direction. Vector Doppler imaging measures and displays the flow of blood in all directions simultaneously. Advanced methods capture Doppler data at high speed and also in any single direction. Functional ultrasound methods displaying the changes of blood flow in the brain in response to stimuli have been demonstrated in animals.
Dietary Supplementation With Grape Seed Extract Prevents Development of Trigeminal Sensitization and Inhibits Pain Signaling in a Preclinical Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder Model

Background The risk factors neck muscle tension, prolonged jaw opening, and female gender are associated with developing temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which are characterized by persistent sensitization of trigeminal neurons and enhanced pain signaling. Dietary supplementation with a grape seed extract (GSE) can modulate expression of proteins that decrease neuronal excitability and trigeminal sensitization. Methods Mechanical nocifensive thresholds over the masseter were determined using von Frey filaments in male and female adult Sprague Dawley rats. To promote trigeminal sensitization, animals were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant in the upper trapezius. After 8 days, animals were subjected to near maximal jaw opening and head withdrawal responses were determined for 28 days. Some animals received continuous supplementation with 0.5% GSE in their drinking water two weeks prior to trapezius injections. Results Prolonged jaw opening increased the average number of nocifensive responses to mechanical stimuli for 14 days in males and females. However, trapezius inflammation prior to jaw opening promoted persistent mechanical sensitivity up to 28 days post-jaw opening in females, while in males nociceptive levels were still elevated at day 21. Supplementation with GSE, which is enriched in polyphenols and exhibits antioxidant and COX-2 activity, inhibited trigeminal nociception in response to jaw opening in both male and female sensitized animals. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that multiple risk factors contribute to the development of a prolonged state of trigeminal sensitization that is more severe in females and provide preclinical evidence that supplementation with GSE could be beneficial in the management of TMD.
Decoherence of black hole superpositions by Hawking radiation

An environment interacting with a system acquires information about it, e.g. about its location. The resulting decoherence is thought to be responsible for the emergence of the classical realm of our Universe out of the quantum substrate. However, this view of the emergence of the classical is sometimes dismissed as a consequence of insufficient isolation and, hence, as non-fundamental. In contrast to many other systems, a black hole can never be isolated from its Hawking radiation which carries information about its location, making this lack of isolation fundamental. Here we consider the decoherence of a “black hole Schrodinger cat”—a non-local superposition of a Schwarzschild black hole in two distinct locations—due to its Hawking radiation. The resulting decoherence rate turns out to be given by a surprisingly simple equation. Moreover, and in contrast to known cases of decoherence, this rate does not involve Planck’s constant ħ. A black hole’s Hawking radiation inevitably deposits records of its location in the environment, making isolation fundamentally impossible. Here, the authors investigate the decoherence of a black hole in a superposition of two positions due to its Hawking radiation and give the rate of this process.
Effects of prolonged saline water exposure on the peel strength of polyurea/monel 400 interface

This study investigates changes in the peel strength of polyurea/monel 400 interfaces after prolonged exposure to saline water. The monel family of alloys is extensively used on marine structures d...