cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Normal Zones and Temperature in a Superconductor Cooled Internally with Helium-II

In an effort to understand the stability mechanisms of internally cooled superconductors in the He II regime, measurements are made on a hollow composite superconductor open at both ends to a bath of subcooled He II. The vacuum insulated conductor, 3 meters long and 1.1 millimeters internal diameter, carries a transport current in a transverse background field of up to 11 Tesla. Heaters mounted on the conductor at its center are used to initiate local disturbances. The propagation or collapse of these disturbances is then observed using a series of temperature sensors and voltage taps attached symmetrically about the heater. The stability margin of the conductor is mapped out, and, using a simple theory, the pressure rise and thermal expulsion velocity are derived from the voltage and temperature profiles.
Exponentially convergent robust and adaptive observers for uncertain stochastic systems

We present mean square exponentially convergent state observers for nonlinear stochastic systems driven by Wiener noise. The method is based on extension of variable structure observer schemes using exponential nonlinear gain. The adaptive version of the results are provided to be used when the matching uncertainty has unknown bounds. It is also shown how these results can be applied to system and measurement equations having colored noise processes.
Mismatch of topic between Japanese and Korean

This paper presents a new analysis of Japanese and Korean topic markers, focusing on their mismatch in written narrative discourse. We argue against the common assumption that the Japanese topic marker wa and the Korean topic marker nun exhibit equivalent structural, semantic, and discourse-pragmatic properties by showing that they in fact involve different types of definiteness. In particular, we argue that the Korean topic marker encodes “episode-old” entities; it can only refer back to an entity that has been mentioned in the current episode, and an old entity is often re-introduced using the nominative marker ka across an episode boundary. On the other hand, the Japanese topic marker marks “hearer-old” entities; it often refers to an entity that is not explicitly mentioned but still inferred or assumed to be in the common ground. We present the evidence obtained from a comparison of Bible translations in Japanese and Korean and picture-elicited written narratives.
Propanediol-induced alterations in membrane integrity, metabolism and developmental potential of mouse zygotes

The effects of 1,2-propanediol (PROH) on embryonic development, membrane integrity and metabolism on B6D2F1 mouse zygotes in the pronuclear stage were evaluated. In both the control and the group treated with 1.5 M PROH, 78% of the zygotes developed into 2-cell embryos. With 3 M PROH, the proportion of 2-cell embryos was only 7% (P less than 0.05). In a second series of experiments, pronuclear mouse eggs were incubated in either fluorescein diacetate (FDA) or 5 microM Acridine Orange (AO) then transferred to PROH. FDA-induced fluorescence, which is maintained until the cell membrane is damaged, was retained in 100% of the control and 98% of the zygotes treated with 1.5 M PROH. Exposure to 3.0 and 6.0 M PROH reduced the percentage of zygotes with FDA-induced fluorescence to 81% (P less than 0.05) and 5% (P less than 0.05) respectively. AO fluoresces yellow-green within the physiological pH range (7.4). After AO exposure, 95% of the control zygotes and 95% of the zygotes exposed to 1.5 M PROH possessed yellow-green fluorescence, indicating a normal cellular pH. Treatment with 3.0 and 6.0 M PROH caused a shift in the fluorescence such that 93% (P less than 0.05) and 100% (P less than 0.05) of the zygotes respectively no longer fluoresced yellow-green, indicating a lower pH. These results demonstrate that a 20-min exposure to 1.5 M PROH does not affect embryonic development, while PROH at greater than or equal to 3.0 M inhibits embryonic development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Difficulties in Drawing Inferences With Finite-Mixture Models

Likelihood functions from finite mixture models have many unusual features. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates may behave poorly over repeated samples, and the abnormal shape of the likelihood often makes it difficult to assess the uncertainty in parameter estimates. Bayesian inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) can be a useful alternative to ML, but the component labels may switch during the MCMC run, making the output difficult to interpret. Two basic methods for handling the label-switching problem have been proposed: imposing constraints on the parameter space and cluster-based relabeling of the simulated parameters. We have found that label switching may also be reduced by supplying small amounts of prior information that are asymmetric with respect to the mixture components. Simply assigning one observation to each component a priori may effectively eliminate the problem. Using a very simple example—a univariate sample from a mixture of two exponentials—we evaluate the performance of likelih...
Concentration estimation from differential absorption lidar using nonstationary Wiener filtering

An approach is presented for smoothing and differentiating path-integrated concentration estimates provided by range-resolved differential absorption lidar that is based on a nonstationary implementation of the Wiener-Kolmogorov filtering theory. The primary advantage of the method lies in its ability to provide filtered estimates that are smoothed relative to the local uncertainty in the input data. The approach is derived and illustrated on both synthetic and actual lidar data.
A comparison of the multiple Drosophila heat shock proteins in cell lines and larval salivary glands by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis☆

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of Drosophila proteins from heat-shocked salivary glands resolves the major heat shock proteins into over 14 different molecular weight species. Most of these proteins are in one of the six molecular weight classes previously reported for heat shock proteins: 83,000, 70,000, 68,000, 34,000, 26,000 to 28,000 and 21,000 to 23,000 Mr. A few minor proteins, which range in molecular weight from 44,000 to 66,000, are also observed. The 70,000 Mr heat shock proteins are resolved into seven slightly different molecular weight groups; within each group, there are several isoelectric point variants. The 83,000, 34,000, and 68,000 Mr proteins are single molecular weight species, although there are three isoelectric point variants of the 68,000 Mr protein. The 26,000 to 28,000 Mr proteins separate into eight major components in two different molecular weight groups plus a run of basic proteins that probably are a result of post-translational modifications of the major proteins. The 21,000 to 23,000 Mr proteins consist of three components in two different molecular weight groups. Separation of heat shock proteins from two Drosophila cell lines shows a similar pattern of multiple components, although some of the minor variants visible in salivary glands are not synthesized in the cell lines. In vitro translation of mRNA from heat-shocked salivary glands in a reticulocyte lysate results in a pattern of multiple heat shock proteins nearly identical to that observed in vivo.
Cerebellum and cerebrum model with periodic processing, neurotubules conduction hypothesis

Abstract This paper compares the brain model described in a preceding paper with the nervous system. The operation of association leads us to suppose not observed functions equivalent to some parts of the model The following hypothesis are advanced. The neurotubular networks inside the dendrites are considered as analysis fibers and working rules are supposed for neurotubules joints, synapses and neurons. The cerebellum processes as a dynamic controller. Annular circuits going by the cerebellar nuclei and the inferior olive feed back the preceding information and reserve cells. The periodic processing is correlated with focal potentials. In the brain, the future events are simulated in a neuronal network. The forecast action is executed if the look ahead wave excites pleasure autonomic centers. Relation between this model and the behaviour is developed. One arbor of the large pyramidal cell analyses the sensory input, the other the look ahead wave. The thalamus is a frequency counter register. The perithalamic reticular nucleus is a selection center. The striatum is a temporary storage. The set cortex entorhinal, hippocampus, septum is used to distinguish already lived situations and to load again conscious status. Some mental illnesses are compared with misfunctions.
Making biology transparent

The molecular and cellular architecture of the organs in a whole mouse is revealed through optical clearing.
Infections of the Hemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica Katz, 1951, in Freshwater Teleosts of the Pacific Coast

Abstract Infections of Cryptobia salmositica Katz, 1951, are common and widely distributed in freshwater teleosts of the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to northern California. The hemoflagellates are reported from 16 species of fish, representing four families and including 10 new hosts. The most susceptible hosts, as indicated by the incidence and intensity of infection, are the pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and coho (O. kitsutch) salmon, the torrent (Cottus rhotheus) and coastrange sculpin (C. aleuticus), and the longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). The infected fish are typical cold-water species, occurring only in streams of generally low temperatures, graveled beds, and moderate to swift flowing currents. In this natural environment, the fish are associated with Piscicola salmositica (Meyer, 1946), the only known leech vector of the hemoflagellates. It is suggested that but one distinct species, C. salmositica, occurs in the blood of the various teleost fishes in this geographically ...
Finite Element Solution for Electromagnetic Scattering from Two-Dimensional Bodies.

The problem of scattering from bodies in free space is formulated using a differential equation approach. The finite element mesh extends outward into the far field region of the scattering body, where the outer boundary condition is evaluated using the asymptotic expression for the scattered field. Numerical results for two scattering bodies are presented and discussed. Non-physical, standing waves appear in the results due to the inadequacy of the outer boundary condition in fulfilling the radiation condition for the scattered field. The differential equation approach does not appear to be competitive with integral equation approaches for thin bodies, but seems promising for handling scattering from thick inhomogeneous bodies into which the field penetrates.
Exponential sums modulo prime powers

where p is a prime power with m ≥ 2, χ is a multiplicative character (mod p), epm(·) is the additive character, epm(x) = e 2πix pm , and f, g are rational functions with integer coefficients. It is understood, that the sum is only over values of x for which g and f and both defined as functions on Z/(p), and g is nonzero (mod p). The sum is trivial if f and g are both constants, so we shall always assume that either f or g is nonconstant. The case m = 1, a classical sum over a finite field, has been thoroughly studied. In this case it follows from the rationality of the L-function associated with the sum and the accompanying Riemann Hypothesis, that under very general conditions S(χ, g, f, p) can be expressed as a sum of a certain number of complex numbers of modulus √ p. If f and g are polynomials of degress d1, d2 then this number is exactly d1 + d2 − 1, provided that p d1 and (ord(χ), d2) = 1, and so we obtain the upper bound
Comparison of water status and evapotranspiration of six row crops

Abstract During a two-year field study, we measured the water status and evapotranspiration of six row crops to determine if we could identify differences in water use from plant water measurements. The plants were corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Pennisetum americanum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). We analyzed water potential, osmotic potential, canopy temperature, and stomatal conductance (reciprocal of stomatal resistance). Evapotranspiration was determined from soil water content measurements. Except for sunflower, plants with the highest water potentials had the lowest evapotranspiration (sorghum and pinto bean), and plants with the lowest water potentials had the highest evapotranspiration (millet, soybean, corn). Sunflower was an exception in that it had a high evapotranspiration and a high water potential. Corn and sunflower had consistent differences during the two-year study. Sunflower had higher water potentials, higher osmotic potentials, lower canopy temperatures, higher stomatal conductances, and a higher evapotranspiration than did corn. The results showed that leaf water status did not predict crop water use.
Early adolescent relationship predictors of emerging adult outcomes: youth with and without type 1 diabetes.

Background Emerging adulthood is a high-risk period for mental health problems and risk behaviors for youth generally and for physical health problems among those with type 1 diabetes.
Venous malformations associated with central pain: Report of a case

IMPLICATIONS The authors describe an unusual case of central pain (CP) that resulted from giant venous hemangiomas. The patient was treated with a variety of medications, including the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist dextromethorphan. We report the first known association between venous malformations and CP and briefly describe why the use of dextromethorphan in this disorder requires further evaluation.
Zones of Stratigraphic Thinning in Relation to Oil and Gas Possibilities in Wyoming: ABSTRACT

Isopach maps of upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic rock units in Wyoming show that there are long zones in which many of these units are thin. Younger zones of thinning are not always superimposed on older zones but most zones trend northwest or north. Each zone may be the result of slight folding and subsequent erosion prior to deposition of the next younger rocks, or it may represent merely non-deposition, slower deposition, or deposition of sediments that differ slightly in volume from those in the surrounding areas. Many zones may be the result of a combination of these factors. These zones of thinning are of possible economic significance where they are crossed by Laramide folds, for the amount of closure in older rocks beneath the Laramide folds may be materially increased. In areas where the rocks have very gentle monoclinical dips at the surface, some zones of thinning are of such magnitude that there is closure in older rocks at depth. Zones of thinning developed as early as Pennsylvanian time and as late as Montana time and can be recognized in rock units of most of the intervening epochs. The basic data necessary for construction of adequate isopach maps are lacking in many areas, so not all the outlines of even the major zones of thinning are known. After the zones are located, detailed studies of lithologic changes, porosity and permeability changes, grain-size changes, and other features of the rocks present on and around the zones of thinning would be necessary to determine the effect of zones of thinning on oil and gas possibilities. Such studies will help determine whether most of the oil and gas has accumulated as a result of Laramide folding or whether some may have accumulated earlier along zones of thinn ng whose structural expression has been obscured by Laramide folding. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1108------------
Analysis of a MIMO OFDMA heterogeneous feedback system employing joint scheduling and spatial diversity in Nakagami fading channels

We present a unified analytical framework to jointly examine spatial, spectral, and multiuser diversity in a general multiuser MIMO OFDMA system. Spectral diversity originates from frequency domain opportunistic scheduling enabled by the OFDMA technique, and is influenced by partial feedback design. We propose a heterogeneous partial feedback design method which adapts users' feedback resources to their frequency domain channel statistics. We investigate this adaptive feedback design by employing the best-M partial feedback strategy, and derive closed form expressions for the average spectral efficiency and bit error rate with different spatial diversity schemes under the generalized Nakagami-m fading channels. We also examine the interplay among the diversity effects using our heterogeneous feedback design as well as the channel fading effect through numerical results.
A mathematical analysis of the elasto-plastic plane stress problem of a power-law material

In this paper a generic study on the plane stress problem of a power-law material undergoing infinitesimal deformations is carried out, and a general solution for the stress and strain fields is derived using a stress function method and analytic function theory. Hencky's deformation theory and von Mises' yield criterion are used, and a differential transformation is invoked in the analysis. As an example, the closed-form solution of the pure bending problem of a thin beam of power-law material is obtained by applying the general solution directly.
The Influence of Aesthetic and Usability Web Design Elements on Viewing Patterns and User Response: An Eye-tracking Study:

The merging of usability and aesthetics is one of the more promising contemporary trends in user interface research. This focus on total user experience rather than a subset of user interaction nec...
Genetic variation and evolution in the red cell carbonic anhydrase isozymes of macaque monkeys

The electrophoretic phenotypes of the two isozymes of red cell carbonic anhydrase, CA I and CA II, are described in nine species of macaque monkeys from southeast Asia and Japan. Twelve phenotypes of CA I, apparently under the control of seven alleles, and five phenotypes of CA II, under the control of three alleles, were found in the different macaque populations studied. Extensive electrophoretic polymorphisms of CA I were found in three species (Macaca nemestrina, Macaca speciosa, and Macaca fuscata), and polymorphisms at the CA II locus were found in Macaca irus, Macaca mulatta, and M. nemestrina. In addition to the electrophoretic polymorphisms at the CA I locus in M. nemestrina, an inherited deficiency of CA I was also discovered in which approximately 30% of the individuals in all populations of M. nemestrina tested showed the deficient phenotype. Although the recessive gene controlling this deficiency appears to be an allele of the CA I locus, it is postulated that the CA I deficiency could also be under the control of a closely linked gene. The comparative data on the extent of genetic variation observed in the two isozymes of red cell carbonic anhydrase in macaques appear to support the concept that CA I has evolved more rapidly than CA II in mammals.
Effect of temperature on copper indium selenization

The reaction kinetics of copper indium diselenide formation is studied by measuring species composition as a function of time at 250°C and 325°C in a tubular chemical vapor deposition reactor. This extends our previous modeling and experimental study at 400°C. The initial copper–indium alloy is analyzed at the reaction temperatures using high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements. This modifies the understanding of the chemistry of the copper indium growth kinetics and a new set of model equations is presented. The specific reaction rate constants and activation energies for the chemical reactions are obtained, enabling one to calculate the holding time for the reaction. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence Inducing Procedures for use in High Performance thin Layer Chromatography

Abstract A comparison is made of three methods which have been previously employed to induce fluorescence in compounds, with particular reference to high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) chromatoplates. In addition, it has been found that the simple procedure of exposing the chromatoplates to HCl, HBr, or HNO3 room-temperature vapors, followed by heating, is sufficient to produce strong fluorescence in a wide variety of compounds. This brings to HPTLC the sensitivity advantages inherent in fluorescence as a visualization technique. In all cases, fluorescent spot intensity remained unchanged for at least two weeks.
Ectopic pregnancy: an update

This review addresses recent publications that investigate etiology, epidemiology and different modalities in diagnosis and therapy for ectopic pregnancy. A significant proportion of recent work has focused in the development of new diagnostic tools to aid in the early detection of ectopic pregnancy. Diagnostic modalities have included systemic and local markers, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, cervical fetal fibronectin, and hormonal level determinations. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, color flow mapping and endometrial thickness have been evaluated. New studies have investigated controversial issues related to the cost of the medical versus surgical treatment and the use of different medications and techniques for the management of ectopic pregnancy. Most important of all, several lines of investigation have addressed the use of human chorionic gonadotropin, algorithms, and scoring systems as prognostic indicators of successful therapy and to determine the risk of complications. The management of cervical, interstitial and heterotopic pregnancy is evaluated in this review and a summary of recent proposed diagnostic tools and concepts in management is also presented.
Rat brain melanin at different ages and after various treatments

Abstract Melanin was measured by a spectrophotofluorometric method in the brains of albino rats from birth to 20 months of age. The concentration of brain melanin increased from Day 1 until adult levels were reached at 1 month. Between 1 and 20 months of age no significant differences were found in brain melanin. Daily injections of α-MSH, MIF-I, melatonin, or diluent did not consistently alter the concentration of brain melanin and a high (40%) protein diet did not appear to increase it. After concurrent injections of α-MSH and theophylline, an initial elevation of the level of melanin in the brain of newborn rats was found beginning at Day 8 but by age 1 month the values had returned to control levels. The results show that the largest changes in the concentrations of melanin in the brains of rats occur with age during the first month after birth.
Embryonic origin of gustatory cranial sensory neurons

Cranial nerves VII, IX and X provide both gustatory (taste) and non-gustatory (touch, pain, temperature) innervation to the oral cavity of vertebrates. Gustatory neurons innervate taste buds and project centrally to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), whereas neurons providing general epithelial innervation to the oropharynx project to non-gustatory hindbrain regions, i.e., spinal trigeminal nucleus. In addition to this dichotomy in function, cranial ganglia VII, IX and X have dual embryonic origins, comprising sensory neurons derived from both cranial neural crest and epibranchial placodes. We used a fate mapping approach to test the hypothesis that epibranchial placodes give rise to gustatory neurons, whereas the neural crest generates non-gustatory cells. Placodal ectoderm or neural crest was grafted from Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expressing salamander embryos into unlabeled hosts, allowing us to discern the postembryonic central and peripheral projections of each embryonic neuronal population. Neurites that innervate taste buds are exclusively placodal in origin, and their central processes project to the NTS, consistent with a gustatory fate. In contrast, neural crest-derived neurons do not innervate taste buds; instead, neurites of these sensory neurons terminate as free nerve endings within the oral epithelium. Further, the majority of centrally directed fibers of neural crest neurons terminate outside the NTS, in regions that receive general epithelial afferents. Our data provide empirical evidence that embryonic origin dictates mature neuron function within cranial sensory ganglia: specifically, gustatory neurons derive from epibranchial placodes, whereas neural crest-derived neurons provide general epithelial innervation to the oral cavity.
Abundances, distribution and sizes of volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean and implications for the origin of non-hotspot volcanoes

Abstract In this paper I present data on the abundances, sizes and crustal age for all volcanoes (volcanic islands and seamounts) which appear on published bathymetric charts of the Pacific Ocean. These new data shed light on the origin of non-hotspot volcanoes and are important, in combination with data on the chemical compositions of seamounts and volcanic islands, for estimates of the bulk composition of ocean crust. These data also provide firm constraints on off-ridge oceanic volcanism models. Results of this study show that the size-frequency distribution of Pacific volcanoes is Poisson-like and that the smallest volcanoes are much more abundant than large ones. This study shows clearly that the most abundant volcanoes on the Earth are the submerged oceanic volcanoes which comprise 5–25% of the oceanic volcanic layer. On Pacific crust of Eocene age and younger, the abundance of volcanoes (number of volcanoes per unit area) increases monotonically with increasing age. Assuming steady state, the production rate of new off-ridge volcanoes (number of volcanoes per unit area per unit time) is inversely proportional to the square root of the lithosphere age [1]. On crust older than Eocene, the number of volcanoes per unit area of crust decreases monotonically with increasing age, however the total volume of lava represented by these edifices increases with increasing age. Size frequency distributions of volcanoes on swaths of successively older crust indicate that these abundance patterns are partly due to the effect of sediment burial of small edifices on old Pacific crust as well as the effect of increased lithosphere thickness on seamount size. These general patterns are not appreciably changed by omitting from consideration known hotspot volcanoes [2] and volcanoes built at fossil constructional plate margins [3].
Patient safety and quality improvement: medical errors and adverse events.

1. Michael S. Leonard, MD, MS* 1. *Chief Quality & Safety Officer for Children's Services, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Define terms commonly used in patient safety discourse. 2. Describe the scope of medical errors and adverse events, focusing on medication-related issues. 3. Identify barriers to improving patient safety. 4. Address disclosure of medical errors and adverse events. 5. Review principles and practices that can reduce the risk of harm to patients. This is the first in a series of articles to review the topics of patient safety and quality improvement in pediatrics. Patient safety is a subject that traverses all medical specialties and affects every health-care professional. The attention to medical errors and adverse events as well as the resultant literature has grown exponentially over the past decade. A number of practicing physicians, however, remain unaware of the extent of the problem, the impact on patients, and the burden on the health-care system. Many also are unfamiliar with strategies to reduce the risk of harm. It is important to note that definitions used in patient safety can vary across studies, between organizations, and over time. A medical error, as defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), is “the failure to complete a planned action as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim.” (1)(2) It is a mistake in action or judgment. A medical error must be distinguished from an adverse event, which is “an injury caused by medical management rather than by the underlying disease or condition of the patient.” An adverse event results in harm to the patient. Not all medical errors lead to adverse events. In fact, most do not. A medication error is the most common …
Dual-band planar electric metamaterial in the terahertz regime

We present the design, fabrication, and measurement of a dual-band planar metamaterial with two distinct electric resonances at 1.0 and 1.2 THz, as a step towards the development of frequency agile or broadband THz materials and devices. A method of defining the effective thickness of the metamaterial layer is introduced to simplify the material design and characterization. Good agreement between the simulated and measured transmission is obtained for the fabricated sample by treating the sample as multi-layer system, i. e. the effective metamaterial layer plus the rest of the substrate, as well as properly modeling the loss of the substrate. The methods introduced in this paper can be extended to planar metamaterial structures operating in infrared and optical frequency ranges.
Comparing transportation project development efficiencies: the California department of transportation and the California county sales tax agencies

Abstract Finding time and cost efficiencies associated with preliminary and final design of transportation projects has become increasingly difficult. Major new complexities present interesting and challenging project management issues and many agencies have incrementally adapted the project development process to improve efficiencies. Yet our understanding of the project development process is limited and the incremental changes in the process have not resulted in major modifications in the way in which transportation project development is approached for most agencies. A time honored method for elucidating problems with project development and potential solutions to them has been through the use of governmental audits. For example, over the past 30 years some 14 performance audits and evaluations have conducted of the California transportation project development process. These California audits have suggested that voter or legislatively approved projects, in terms of time, cost, or scope, significantly enhance project efficiencies. In this study, we examine time and cost project development efficiencies between voter or legislatively approved projects and projects with standard scopes. We find no significant evidence that state highway projects with highly defined, voter or legislatively approved project scopes, time, or costs are any more likely to have lower project development costs or times than projects with non-voter approved scopes.
Charge storage and charge transport in conducting polymers: solitons, polarons and bipolarons

The results of a series of experiments demonstrate that solitons are the important excitations in trans -(CH) x and that the properties of these nonlinear excitations can be directly studied during photoexcitation or after doping. The importance of these concepts in the more general context of conducting polymers is addressed. Although the twofold degenerate ground state of trans -(CH) x is quite special, the relevant concepts have been generalized to confined soliton pairs (bipolarons). Experimental results that demonstrate electron-hole symmetry and weak confinement in polythiophene make this polyheterocycle a nearly ideal example of a model system in which the ground-state degeneracy has been lifted. In the dilute doping regime, in situ absorption spectroscopy data (during electrochemical doping) strongly suggest charge storage via bipolarons with confinement parameter γ ≈ 0.1–0.2. These results on polythiophene demonstrate that a quantitative fundamental understanding is possible even for relatively complex systems.
The presence of lipoprotein lipase activity and its relationship to lipid transport in the oleander hawkmoth, Deilephila nerii

Abstract 1. 1. Supernatant fractions from fat body and flight muscle homogenates as well as whole hemolymph from adult oleander hawkmoths exhibit lipase activity when isotopically assayed with tripalmitin-(carboxyl-) 14 C as substrate. 2. 2. Preliminary characterization of flight muscle lipase reveals pH and temperature optima of 8.5–8.8 and 32–37°C respectively. 3. 3. Decreased lipase activity is observed when 4 M NaCl is added to the substrate, suggesting similarity with mammalian lipoprotein lipase. 4. 4. The results obtained are discussed in regards to the lipid release patterns found in this insect.
Sexual experience and sexual responsiveness: Sex differences

Male (30) and female (30) college undergraduate subjects were shown five photographic slides depicting different heterosexual behaviors and one slide depicting solitary masturbation by a person of the same sex as the subject. Subjects rated the extent to which they found each of the slides sexually arousing and pleasant or unpleasant and indicated how many times they had personally engaged in each of the depicted activities. Following exposure to the slides, sexual arousal and emotional reactions were assessed. Contrary to the propositions of Kinsey et al. (1953), female heterosexual experience was equal to or superior to masturbation experience as an indicant of female sexual reactivity to the erotic materials. Among males, masturbation experience was superior to heterosexual experience as an indicant of sexual reactivity. The role of affective reactions to sexual experiences as determinants of sexual responsiveness is discussed.
Semi-leptonic decays of charmed mesons produced in γN collisions

We report here on a study of the characteristics of the semileptonic decay spectra from a pair of charmed hadrons produced via photoproduction. The inclusive production of charmed hadrons is phenomenologically parametrized as e−aze−bpt2. Their decays are described by (i) decay of free charm quark in GIM, (ii) K∗ dominant mode, D → K∗lν, and (iii) pure leptonic decays. We deduce that 〈Meμ2〉 = 0.18 MD2 for free quark decay and 〈Meμ2〉 = −0.35 +-0.24 MD2 for K∗ dominant decay. For the specific purpose of the photoproduction experiment at FNAL whicc is currently searching for μe events, we incorporate the incident photon spectrum, and the decay distributions with and without the experimental acceptance criteria are presented.
Effective use of diagnostic data

Abstract Diagnostic information is invaluable when it is correctly interpreted and effectively used in the treatment plan. A thorough diagnostic service is essential for optimum results. Some patients may present almost insurmountable obstacles by way of extremely unfavorable ridge support, ill health, and/or poor mental attitude. Under these circumstances, satisfaction may be difficult. A thorough knowledge of the subject, an adequate degree of skill and experience, sound clinical judgment, and a maximum effort constitute the dentist's supreme and ultimate resources in coping with and conquering the problems involved in serving the edentulous patient.
Preparation, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbide–Dysprosia Composites

Composites of silicon carbide (SiC) with up to 30 vol% of dysprosia (Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3}) were fabricated by hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing. The effects of Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} dispersions on the microstructure and on selected mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. When 10--15 vol% of Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} was dispersed in the SiC matrix, the fracture toughness increased by {minus}40%, whereas the flexural strength was comparable to that of unreinforced SiC. The increased fracture toughness was due to crack deflection, in conjunction with crack-interface grain bridging, and was not related to a phase transformation of Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the matrix.
Relationship of age, ovarian development, and the corpus allatum to mating in the house-fly, Musca domestica

Abstract Mating in the housefly, Musca domestica (L.), was correlated with the stage of ovarian development. Females with stage 3 and 4 ovaries rarely mated, but mating increased from 29·0 per cent in females with stage 5 ovaries to 97·0 per cent in females with stage 10 ovaries. When they were given a choice, males preferred females with ovaries in stages 6 to 10 for mating. Females that were allatectomized when they were 48 hr old or younger demonstrated both an inhibition of ovarian development and mating. The corpus allatum was activated in 100 per cent of the female population held at 21·7 ± 1°C after 60 hr. Ovariectomized females mated normally but tended to remate more frequently than the controls. Since topical application of 2·5 μg of the synthetic juvenile hormone stimulated mating and ovarian development, it was concluded that juvenile hormone stimulated both ovarian maturation and mating in the housefly and that the correlation between mating and ovarian development was caused by a response to the titre of this hormone.
Memory, priority encoding, and overcoming high-value proactive interference in younger and older adults

ABSTRACTIt is often necessary to remember important information while directing attention away from encoding less valuable information. To examine how aging influences the ability to control and update the encoding of high-value information, younger and older adults studied six lists of words that varied in terms of the point values associated with each word. The words were paired with the same high and low point values for three study-test cycles, but on the fourth and subsequent cycles the value-word pairings were switched such that the lowest value pairs became the highest values (and vice versa). For the first three study-test cycles, younger adults outperformed older adults in terms of the number of words recalled and overall point totals, but performance was similar in terms of selectively remembering high-value words. When the values were switched, both groups displayed substantial interference from the previous pairings. Although both groups improved with additional study-test cycles, only younger...
Promoter cloning and characterization of the anti-vascular proliferation gene, R-ras: role of Ets- and Sp-binding motifs.

The R-ras gene encodes a small GTPase of the ras family that is closely related to H-ras and K-ras. Unlike the prototypic ras genes, the disruption of the R-ras gene in mice results in enhanced angiogenesis in tumor implants and sustained neointimal hyperplasia in response to arterial injury, indicating the in vivo role of R-ras as a negative regulator of vascular proliferation. R-ras is abundantly expressed in normal mature blood vessels but significantly down-regulated in pathologically regenerating vasculature. In this study, we investigated the roles of cis-acting elements in the transcription of the human R-ras gene, as well as the transcription factors that interact with these sequences in cultured endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. The findings from vascular cells were then compared with findings from epithelial tumor cells that aberrantly express R-ras. Deletion analyses on 5 kb of 5′-flanking DNA of the human R-ras gene revealed the functional importance of the region between –727/–476, which contains two Ets and one Sp1 consensus binding motifs. Mutation analyses of various consensus binding motifs within this region suggest both cell type-dependent and -independent regulatory mechanisms for the R-ras gene transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift and antibody disruption assays demonstrated that an Ets transcription factor family protein, GA-binding protein (GABP), binds to the R-ras-derived sequence. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses determined the association of endogenous GABP as well as Sp3 proteins with the –727/–476 region of the R-ras promoter in intact cells grown in culture. Forced expression of GABP significantly enhanced R-ras mRNA expression level in endothelial cells. These results map the functional elements in the R-ras promoter sequence and suggest that the GABP may be critical for transcription of R-ras and for maintenance of normal blood vessel functions through the regulation of this gene.
Aggregation in model ecosystems. I. Perfect aggregation

Determining appropriate levels of aggregation or complexity constitutes a major problem in describing ecological systems. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for perfect aggregation in non-linear dynamical systems. This condition has a form explicitly related to that for aggregation of linear dynamics in automatic control theory and to that for aggregation of linear functions in economics. Application of the theory to several ecological examples supports the general principle of aggregating variables that functionally are either similar or complementary.
A modified polyethylene glycol-pyroxylin embedding method specially suited for nails.

Processing hard keratinous structures such as hair and nails with ordinary histological alcohol-paraffin methods is a tedious undertaking requiring the cutting of numerous sections, few of which are acceptable.
Anti-angiogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor regulates hepatocyte triglyceride content through adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL).

Background/Aims Anti-angiogenic pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a 50kDa secreted glycoprotein that is highly expressed in hepatocytes. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a novel lipase critical for triglyceride metabolism, is a receptor for PEDF. We postulated that hepatocyte triglyceride metabolism was dependent on interactions between PEDF and ATGL, and loss of PEDF would impair mobilization of triglycerides in the liver. Methods Immunoprecipitation studies were performed in PEDF null and control hepatocytes with recombinant PEDF (rPEDF) as bait. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to localize ATGL. Triglyceride content was analyzed in hepatocytes and in whole liver with and without rPEDF. ATGL was blocked using an inhibitor, ( R )-bromoenol lactone. Results PEDF co-immunoprecipitated with ATGL in hepatic and HCC lysates. All PEDF deficient livers demonstrated steatosis. Triglyceride content was significantly increased in PEDF null livers compared to wildtype ( p p p Conclusions Our results identify a novel role for PEDF in hepatic triglyceride homeostasis through binding to ATGL and demonstrate that rPEDF and ATGL localize to adiposomes in hepatocytes. Dysregulation of this pathway may be one mechanism underlying fatty liver disease.
Eighteen trinucleotide microsatellite loci for the solitary vespid wasp Monobia quadridens

We identified 18 polymorphic, trinucleotide microsatellite loci for the solitary vespid wasp Monobia quadridens. These markers are to be used for parentage assessment and for studying population structure and inbreeding. Forty-eight diploid females from Southwest Michigan, USA were screened for allelic variation at each locus. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.50 to 0.88. The primers were also tested on two other solitary vespid wasps Ancistrocerus adiabatus and Ancistrocerus antilope.
The utility of EOS data for federal, state and regional government applications: prospects and challenges

NASA's Earth Observation System (EOS) satellite data are contributing to the development of a variety of policy relevant remote sensing applications within State/Regional governments in the United States. The Synergy program is a NASA-funded activity designed to promote the use of EOS data and related remote sensing technologies for a variety of applications. Examples from the Synergy program indicate that EOS data are suitable for developing policy relevant applications in precision agriculture, management of natural resources, management of water resources, public health, urban planning and disaster management. There are however several barriers that need to be overcome before users outside the research community fully adopt these technologies. Some of the barriers include lack of awareness, experience and training by end users in these technologies, unproven cost benefits, and issues related to data formats, consistence and continuity.
IPASS: Intelligent pavement signaling System

Traditional radio frequency based wireless communication/ localization suffers from environmental effects such as multipath propagation. We introduce a robust wireless communication methodology which utilizes the physical world itself to convey information. Our proposed intelligent pavement signaling system (iPASS) places irregularities on pavement in order to encode different messages that can be deciphered in real time by an application running on e.g., a phone. iPASS utilizes available accelerometers, e.g., in today's smartphones, that can detect even small vibrations from the inside of a car that are produced by driving over irregularities on the road. Our feasibility study illustrates that iPASS can successfully decode a 5 bit message using a conventional smartphone when cruising at various speeds.
Cluster space control of a 2-robot system as applied to Autonomous Surface Vessels

Multi-robot systems offer many advantages over a single robot system including redundancy, coverage and flexibility. One of the key technical considerations in fielding multi-robot systems for real-world applications is the coordination of the individual units. The cluster space control technique promotes simplified specification and monitoring of the motion of mobile multi-robot systems. Previous work has established this approach and has experimentally verified its use for land based systems consisting of 2-4 robots and with varying implementations ranging from automated trajectory control to human-in-the-loop piloting. In this paper, we describe a multi-boat system capable of autonomous navigation using the cluster space control technique. The technical system includes the design and fabrication of a new low cost autonomous surface vessel (ASV). It also includes a centralized controller, currently implemented via a shore-based computer, that wireless receives ASV data and relays drive commands. Using the cluster space control approach, these drive commands allow a pilot to remotely drive a 2-boat cluster or two boats to automatically maintain formation with a third boat. The resulting multi-ASV clusters can be arbitrarily translated, rotated, and resized depending upon the needs of a specific application. Experimental results demonstrating these capabilities will be provided, and plans for future work will be discussed.