cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fragrance material review on 2,4-dimethylbenzyl acetate

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2,4-dimethylbenzyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2,4-Dimethylbenzyl acetate is a member of the fragrance structural group aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid esters (AAASAE). The AAASAE fragrance ingredients are prepared by reacting an aryl alkyl alcohol with a simple carboxylic acid (a chain of 1–4 carbons) to generate formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, iso-butyrate and carbonate esters. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 2,4-dimethylbenzyl acetate were evaluated, then summarized, and includes: physical properties, acute toxicity, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, and skin sensitization data. A safety assessment of the entire AAASAE will be published simultaneously with this document. Please refer to Belsito et al. (2012) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all AAASAE in fragrances. Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Hanifin, J.H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat , J.H., Sipes, I .G., 2012. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of arylalkyl alcohol simple acid esters when used as fragrance ingredients.
RoCuModel: an iterative tangible modeling system

This paper presents RoCuModel, an iterative tangible modeling system that helps users build 3D models in a tangible way for personal fabrication. It consists mainly of a special tangible curve and an infrared camera. Users can create 3D objects by creating sketchy low-fidelity shapes with the hand. By rotating the curve along a fixed axis, users can visualize the volumetric model in a 3D space in real time. RoCuModel provides a new way for people to design and create a rotationally symmetric 3D model. This is our first step towards eliminating the gap between specialists and non-specialist users in personal fabrication.
A Case of Restless Legs Syndrome in the Setting of Long-Term Care and Dementia

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common disorder that physicians frequently encounter in an outpatient clinic. Within long-term care, there are unique challenges to caring for residents with RLS. An 87-year-old woman with dementia and a history of RLS and nocturnal agitation, resided in a long-term care setting and experienced nighttime agitation and aggression towards staff, coupled with cognitive decline. Her agitation was possibly a result of inadequate treatment of longstanding RLS or worsening of her dementia. On account of her dementia, she was unable to communicate her symptoms. Current diagnostic criteria for RLS require patient reports of subjective symptoms. Patients must describe their feelings within the legs, which helps to clarify the diagnosis. Our case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing restless legs in patients with dementia and communication difficulties, and the need for empiric treatment. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc901w
Enhanced Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from a Subpopulation of Human Fibroblasts

Background The derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides new possibilities for basic research and novel cell-based therapies. Limitations, however, include our current lack of understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms and the inefficiency of reprogramming. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report identification and isolation of a subpopulation of human dermal fibroblasts that express the pluripotency marker stage specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3). Fibroblasts that expressed SSEA3 demonstrated an enhanced iPSC generation efficiency, while no iPSC derivation was obtained from the fibroblasts that did not express SSEA3. Transcriptional analysis revealed NANOG expression was significantly increased in the SSEA3 expressing fibroblasts, suggesting a possible mechanistic explanation for the differential reprogramming. Conclusions/Significance To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify a pluripotency marker in a heterogeneous population of human dermal fibroblasts, to isolate a subpopulation of cells that have a significantly increased propensity to reprogram to pluripotency and to identify a possible mechanism to explain this differential reprogramming. This discovery provides a method to significantly increase the efficiency of reprogramming, enhancing the feasibility of the potential applications based on this technology, and a tool for basic research studies to understand the underlying reprogramming mechanisms.
Slow viscous flow in a lung alveoli model.

Abstract A theoretical analysis of the flow pattern and the law of resistance of blood moving in a model of lung alveoli is presented. The model consists of two parallel flat membranes interconnected by regularly space circular posts. It is structurally an idealization of the internal geometry of the pulmonary alveolar septa. An approximate solution which gives a reasonable representation for flow around a circular post confined between two plates, is extended to construct a periodic solution for the present problem. The solution is found to be adequate when the sheet-thickness-to-post-diameter ratio is not much larger than one. The resistance of the flow as a function of the geometric parameters is computed. It is shown that the posts are very effective in increasing the flow resistance. Numerical results are shown to agree substantially with experimental measurements of the resistance.
Maize cap1 Encodes a Novel SERCA-type Calcium-ATPase with a Calmodulin-binding Domain

Abstract A cDNA (CAP1) isolated from maize roots shares sequence identity with genes encoding P-type Ca2+-ATPases and restores the growth phenotype of yeast mutants defective in Ca2+-pumps. CAP1 was transcribed and translated in the yeast mutant. Furthermore, the membrane-integrated product formed a Ca2+-dependent phosphorylated intermediate and supported Ca2+ transport. Although CAP1 shares greater sequence identity with mammalian “endoplasmic reticulum-type” Ca2+-pumps, it differs from these genes by having features of calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ca2+-pumps. CAP1 from yeast microsomes bound CaM, and the CAP1-dependent Ca2+ transport in yeast was stimulated by CaM. Peptides from the C terminus of CAP1 bound CaM. Anti-CAP1 antibodies specifically recognized a maize microsomal polypeptide that also bound CaM. A similar polypeptide also formed a Ca2+-dependent phosphoenzyme. Our results suggest that cap1 encodes a novel form of CaM-regulated Ca2+-ATPase in maize. CAP1 appears to be encoded by one or two genes in maize. CAP1 RNA is induced only during early anoxia, indicating that the Ca2+-pump may play an important role in O2-deprived maize cells.
Destabilization of the Postsynaptic Density by PSD-95 Serine 73 Phosphorylation Inhibits Spine Growth and Synaptic Plasticity

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is accompanied by dendritic spine growth and changes in the composition of the postsynaptic density (PSD). We find that activity-dependent growth of apical spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons is accompanied by destabilization of the PSD that results in transient loss and rapid replacement of PSD-95 and SHANK2. Signaling through PSD-95 is required for activity-dependent spine growth and trafficking of SHANK2. N-terminal PDZ and C-terminal guanylate kinase domains of PSD-95 are required for both processes, indicating that PSD-95 coordinates multiple signals to regulate morphological plasticity. Activity-dependent trafficking of PSD-95 is triggered by phosphorylation at serine 73, a conserved calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) consensus phosphorylation site, which negatively regulates spine growth and potentiation of synaptic currents. We propose that PSD-95 and CaMKII act at multiple steps during plasticity induction to initially trigger and later terminate spine growth by trafficking growth-promoting PSD proteins out of the active spine.
Symbol Vocabulary and the Focus of Conversations

Communication devices designed to augment the language development of individuals with severe cognitive disabilities and little or no functional speech typically contain primarily nouns because they seem easiest to acquire and evaluate. In this study, the effect of a more diverse vocabulary was assessed. Systematic observations of the use of computerized speech-output devices by 12 youth with moderate or severe mental retardation and severe spoken language disability and by their partners were made over a 2-year period. Social-regulative symbols (e.g., "please," "I’m finished") were used as soon as they were introduced, and their availability expanded the focus of conversations both at home and at school. Implications for conceptualizing variation in early language use and for the design of language intervention programs are discussed.
Low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adolescents with anorexia nervosa

Summary Fifty adolescents with AN and 200 healthy girls underwent vitamin D screening. Girls with AN reported exceptional compliance with vitamin D supplementation and PTH concentrations were lower. Vitamin D deficiency was less common in the group with AN, but when race was considered, the trend was no longer significant.
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: TEACHING THE CONCEPTUAL PHASE

This paper reports the first offering of a graduate level subject covering the conceptual phase of aircraft product development. The output of the conceptual phase is a system level specification that usually serves as the input for a traditional undergraduate capstone subject on aircraft design. Of critical importance in the conceptual phase is addressing the business case for the candidate product. The conceptual phase spans a much wider range of topics than the technical issues which dominate preliminary design. These include user needs, investment and business requirements, market analysis, operational issues, exogenous constraints (certification, regulation, political, etc.), as well as engineering and manufacturing requirements. Students in the subject were required to Prepare for the Board of Directors of a large aerospace company a compelling business case and specification for a large jet transport product. Three student teams produced original responses to the challenge and have reported their findings in a companion AIAA paper. This paper addresses the pedagogical approaches and outcomes. These encompass the use of distance learning technology and techniques for several off-campus practicing engineering students. Overall, the outcome was very gratifying. The class will be offered in the spring of 2001, focusing on a supersonic business jet.
The Child as Solution: The Problem of the Superordinate-Subordinate Ordering of the Male-Female Relation in Barth's Theology

In examining the similarities and differences between God and humanity in his analogia relalionis, Karl Barth correlates three I-Thou relations: God to Godself in similarity and difference (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit); humans to humans in similarity and difference (male and female); God to humanity and humanity to God in similarity and difference. For all three, Jesus Christ is the master analogue. Christ relates to God in a God-God ‘I-Thou’ relationship, to humanity in a human-human ‘I-Thou’ relationship, and God to humanity and humanity to God in a God-human ‘I-Thou’ relationship.
Modeling and Analyzing the Effect of Microarchitecture Design Parameters on Microprocessor Soft Error Vulnerability

High performance and reliability are essential for microprocessor design. As semiconductor processing technology continues to move toward smaller and denser transistors, lower threshold voltages and tighter noise margins, microprocessors are becoming more susceptible to transient faults (soft errors) that can affect reliability. The increasing chip soft error rates make it is necessary to estimate process transient fault susceptibility at the microarchitecture design stage. Therefore, it becomes important to understand and to evaluate the implications of design choices and optimizations from both performance and reliability perspectives. This paper explores using predictive models to analyze and forecast the effect of various processor microarchitecture design parameters on reliability and their tradeoffs with performance. The most significant factors affecting microarchitecture structures and processor reliability and its runtime variation are obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed modeling techniques can accurately estimate processor reliability, runtime variation, and the performance/reliability tradeoffs in the early stages of microarchitecture design exploration.
Introduction to the religious lives of migrant minorities: a transnational and multi-sited perspective

This introduction describes the evolution of the conceptual framework that guided the research and analysis of findings from an international research project bringing a multi-sited and transnational perspective to the study of the religious lives of migrant minorities. The project began by identifying potential contributions that studies of religion, migration and diversity offered one another. To research these issues, the project members investigated the lives of migrants who identify themselves as Christians, Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists, who live as minorities within three urban contexts, and whose different national regimes for governing migrant and religious diversity have been shaped historically by the British Empire (London, Johannesburg, Kajang-Kuala Lumpur). The researchers employed a biographic method of investigation in order to examine how migrants organized their religious lives within individual, familial, communal, urban, national and transnational spheres. To understand the intertwining between migratory and religious aspects of the migrants' lives on each of these levels, the project members focused their analysis of the research findings in relation to three themes: migratory and spiritual journeys, sacred and secular place-making, and the circulation of people, objects, practices, and faiths. The introduction highlights how each of the articles in this collection both reflect and contribute to this intellectual framing in order to understand the interplay between religion, migration, and diversity.
250 Gbps 10-channel WDM silicon photonics receiver

An ultra-compact 10-wavelength WDM echelle grating receiver is demonstrated with 250 Gbps data receiving capability on a footprint of 0.96 mm2. Less than 1 dB channel-to-channel sensitivity variation is obtained at 25 Gbps.
Empirical evidence for the social stress model of substance abuse

The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse builds upon and integrates knowledge from numerous psychosocial theories and models. According to this model, the likelihood of an individual engaging in drug abuse is a function of the stress level and the extent to which it is offset by stress modifiers such as social networks, social competence, and resources. This article synthesizes current empirical evidence for this model. Thirty-five primary research studies are described, with special attention to the four psychosocial constructs inherent in the model: stress, social networks, social competence, and resources. Consistencies and inconsistencies in the findings, a critique of key methodological issues, and suggestions for future research are provided. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
OPAC Subject Access: Pet Peeves

This is the second in a series of columns featuring pet peeves about Online Public Access Catalogs. We encourage readers to join our columnist by sending in their own contributions. The complaint must deal with subject access and must be generic enough to apply to most OPACs. The reader should state the problem and then offer a solution, even if it involves new technologies that are still only on the horizon.
Vegetation change in the coastal-lowland rainforest at Avai'o'vuna Swamp, Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga

Avai'o'vuna Swamp, a small coastal wetland in Vava'u, Kingdom of Tonga, produced a 4500-year pollen and sediment record. Results are: (1) a mid-Holocene sea level highstand is confirmed for Tonga between about 4500 and 2600 14C yr B.P.; marine clay contains pollen from mangroves (Rhizophora mangle), coastal forest trees (Barringtonia asiatica and Cocos nucifera), and rainforest trees (Alphitonia, Rhus, Hedycarya and Calophyllum). (2) Microscopic charcoal first appeared at 2600 14C yr B.P., coincident with the arrival of Polynesians. (3) Cocos, Pandanus, Excoecaria, Macaranga, and Elaeocarpaceae pollen reflects the establishment of a mixed coastal-lowland rainforest in the last 2500 years. (4) The loss of Hedycarya, Elaeocarpus, Calophyllum, and Guettarda and the reduction of Terminalia and taxa in the Papilionaceae family by about 1000 years ago may be due to habitat destruction and the loss of dispersal capabilities of some species through the extinction of the two largest pigeons in Tonga.
Will genetically modified foods be allergenic

Foods produced through agricultural biotechnology, including such staples as corn, soybeans, canola, and potatoes, are already reaching the consumer marketplace. Agricultural biotechnology offers the promise to produce crops with improved agronomic characteristics (eg, insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, and climatic tolerance) and enhanced consumer benefits (eg, better taste and texture, longer shelf life, and more nutritious). Certainly, the products of agricultural biotechnology should be subjected to a careful and complete safety assessment before commercialization. Because the genetic modification ultimately results in the introduction of new proteins into the food plant, the safety, including the potential allergenicity, of the newly introduced proteins must be assessed. Although most allergens are proteins, only a few of the many proteins found in foods are allergenic under the typical circumstances of exposure. The potential allergenicity of the introduced proteins can be evaluated by focusing on the source of the gene, the sequence homology of the newly introduced protein to known allergens, the expression level of the novel protein in the modified crop, the functional classification of the novel protein, the reactivity of the novel protein with IgE from the serum of individuals with known allergies to the source of the transferred genetic material, and various physicochemical properties of the newly introduced protein, such as heat stability and digestive stability. Few products of agricultural biotechnology (and none of the current products) will involve the transfer of genes from known allergenic sources. Applying such criteria provides reasonable assurance that the newly introduced protein has limited capability to become an allergen.
Bodyweight Apparatus Used to Apply Compression Garments for Lymphedema Patients

Lymphedema is a medical condition caused by an excess of fluid collecting in the interstitial tissue. When the lymphatic system is functioning normally, the interstitial fluid passes into the lymphatic capillaries, thought the lymphatic ducts, and returns to the circulatory system [1]. If this system is disrupted due to congenital reasons, surgery, or radiation therapy associated with cancer treatment, the fluid is unable to properly drain [2]. This collection of fluid leads to swelling of the affected area, usually the legs or arms (Figure 1).Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The effects of high hematocrit on arterial flow—A phenomenological study of the health risk implications

Abstract Though red blood cells are essential to deliver oxygen to tissue, abnormally high levels can have deadly consequences. High hematocrit (Hct)—the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells (RBCs)—can occur in arterial flow due to a variety of causes. Examples include: dehydration, polycythemia vera, and exogenous use of recombinant human erythropoietin. In this phenomenological study, we present a simplified quantitative analysis of the physiological effects of increased hematocrit, especially for small arteries. In particular, we are primarily interested in the potential relation between the exogenous use of recombinant human erythropoietin by athletes (blood ‘doping’) and the not insignificant numbers of sudden heart attacks suffered by these otherwise superbly conditioned contestants. We proceed as follows: An expression for the variation of the viscosity of blood with both shear rate and hematocrit is obtained using the low and high shear experimental measurements of Chien and Cinar, respectively. This is done in a two-step process: (i) curve fits of shear rate dependent viscosity for hematocrits ranging from 40% to 80% are derived with resulting R-squared values greater than 0.99; (ii) viscosity is shown to be well-represented as an exponential function of shear rate for various hematocrit levels. The resulting relationship is used, in a simplified analysis, to calculate velocity profiles in a generic coronary artery as a non-linear function of viscosity for various hematocrit levels. Using these relationships, increasing hematocrit is shown to dramatically decrease and flatten velocity profiles in a small artery. The resulting velocity profiles of slower flow with greater area of low shear rate due to increased hematocrit makes likely a corresponding increased risk of thrombus formation.
Study of age dependent half-life of iodine in man: A reinforcement-depletion urn model

An urn contains balls ofs different colors. The problem of the reinforcement of a specified color and random depletion of balls has been considered by Shenton (1981, 1983). In this paper, the theory is applied to the biological age dependent half-life of radioactive iodine in man; the data of Cook and Snyder (1965) is used. The intake of radioactive iodine and its retention subsequently is studied.
Hydrogen Sulfide Decreases Reactive Oxygen in a Model of Lung Transplantation

Abstract Background Ischemia–reperfusion injury is a common complication after lung transplantation. Ischemia–reperfusion injury is thought to be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel agent that has been previously shown to scavenge ROS and slow metabolism. We evaluated the effect of infused H2S on the presence of ROS after reperfusion in an ex vivo model of lung transplantation. Methods Heart–Lung blocks were recovered from New Zealand white rabbits (n = 12) and cold stored in Perfadex solution for 18 h. After storage, the heart–lung blocks were reperfused ex vivo with donor rabbit blood. In the treatment group (n = 7), a bolus of sodium H2S was added at the beginning of reperfusion (100 μg/kg) and continuously infused throughout the 2-h experiment (1 mg/kg/h). The vehicle group (n = 5) received an equivalent volume of saline. Serial airway and pulmonary artery pressures and arterial and venous blood gases were measured. Results Oxygenation and pulmonary artery pressures were similar between the 2 groups. However, treatment with H2S resulted in a dramatic reduction in the presence of ROS after 2 h of reperfusion (4,851 ± 2,139 versus 235 ± 462 related fluorescence units/mg protein; P = 0.003). A trend was seen toward increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the H2S-treated group (3.08 ± 1.69 versus 1.73 ± 1.41 fmol/mg tissue; P = .23). Conclusions After prolonged ischemia, infusion of H2S during reperfusion was associated with a significant decrease in the presence of ROS, a suspected mediator of ischemia–reperfusion injury. To our knowledge, the present study represents the first reported therapeutic use of H2S in an experimental model of lung transplantation.
Improved Impurity Profile of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Through the Use of Dimeric Phosphoramidite Synthons

Abstract Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides synthesized through assembly of dimeric phosphoramidite synthons show a significantly improved impurity profile compared to oligomers synthesized through coupling of standard monomer phosphoramidites. A greater than 70% reduction of the (n-1)-mer population and a ca. 50% reduction of phosphodiester linkages has been achieved.
TU‐B‐I‐609‐01: Therapeutic Ultrasound

The use of ultrasound in medicine is now quite commonplace, especially with the recent introduction of small, portable and relatively inexpensive, hand-held diagnostic imaging devices. Moreover, ultrasound has expanded beyond the imaging realm, with methods and applications extending to novel therapeutic and surgical uses. These applications broadly include: Tissue ablation, acoustocautery, lipoplasty, site-specific and ultrasound mediated drug activity, extracorporeal lithotripsy, and the enhancement of natural physiological functions such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. A particularly attractive aspect of this technology is that diagnostic and therapeutic systems can be combined to produce totally non-invasive, image-guided therapy. This general lecture will review a number of these exciting new applications of ultrasound and address some of the basic scientific questions and future challenges in developing these methods and technologies for general use in our society. We shall particularly emphasize the use of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of benign and malignant tumors as well as the introduction of acoustic hemostasis, especially in organs which are difficult to treat using conventional medical and surgical techniques. [Supported in part by the NIH and the US Army]
Reflecting on the Reflections: Where Did We Come From? Where Are We Going?.

The editor's invitation to reflect on the future work of anthropology and education has brought us a collection of provocative suggestions. Looking at those that are here gaining the (guiding) light of publication, we have some well-imagined futures. Ideologies of culture, language, schooling, education, gender, and the "field" are the explicit focus. Some call for basic ethnography beyond the school and beyond the assumptions that are said to have framed our work up to now. The agenda defined by these essays is, in short,
The effects of group therapy on bereaved extended family of children with cancer

The impact of the death of a child from cancer and subsequent grief on the extended family members has not been documented. Additionally, the effect of a support group for these individuals has not been explored. Therefore, this one group pretest/post-test study sought to determine the effects of participation in a support group for bereaved extended family members whose child died from cancer. Extended family members completed the Emotions Profile Index before and after the group sessions. Descriptive data were collected from the cotherapists' process log and the participants' evaluation. No significant differences were found between pretest and post-test scores for any emotional state. However, the group process log showed significant clinical data related to the intensity of the grief experienced and ways of coping with the loss. The Bereaved Extended Family Group Evaluation demonstrated the usefulness of the group experience. Tentative conclusions support the value of such a group in providing a forum for the bereaved extended family to ventilate feelings of anger and sadness and find ways to cope with the future.
Correction of motional artifacts in diffusion‐weighted images using a reference phase map

A method of correcting motional artifacts in diffusion-weighted images is described. Motion causes changes in the phase of the k-space NMR signal and thereby introduces positional shifts (or ghosts) in the spatial domain. By correcting the phase of the NMR signal before Fourier transformation, the image sharpness is greatly enhanced. The new method measures the phases of the NMR signal once and stores this phase information in a phase map. Subsequent images with motional artifacts are corrected during postprocessing using this reference phase map.
Effect of vaginal pH on efficacy of the controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening/labor induction

Objective: To evaluate whether vaginal pH alters the efficacy of the controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert (Cervidil®) for cervical ripening/labor induction. Methods: Thirty-four women wit...
Configuration-Based Exploratory Design

In this paper, we present a method for adapting the use of configuration systems to design exploration. Typically, the design of complex systems is realized as the integration of several constituent components. To guide the development of each of these components, designers would like to select the most promising family of solutions early in the design process. However, since the best family of solutions is the one containing the best instance, selecting the best family would require analyzing every individual instance in each family. This is a costly exercise that we are trying to avoid in the first place by focusing only on the most promising family of solutions. To overcome this catch-22, we introduce the use of automated configuration systems to conduct design exploration at a reduced cost. Such a configuration system can explore families of solutions automatically, not necessarily in full detail, but in sufficient detail to exclude the worst solution alternatives. We have adapted the traditional Propose and Revise approach to configuration into a hierarchical, modular framework that avoids the large initial investment involved in creating a traditional configuration system. We conclude this paper by illustrating our approach with an initial implementation of our framework called LEGION.
Accelerated Diffusion Spectrum Imaging with Compressed Sensing using Adaptive Dictionaries

Diffusion spectrum imaging offers detailed information on complex distributions of intravoxel fiber orientations at the expense of extremely long imaging times (∼1 h). Recent work by Menzel et al. demonstrated successful recovery of diffusion probability density functions from sub-Nyquist sampled q-space by imposing sparsity constraints on the probability density functions under wavelet and total variation transforms. As the performance of compressed sensing reconstruction depends strongly on the level of sparsity in the selected transform space, a dictionary specifically tailored for diffusion probability density functions can yield higher fidelity results. To our knowledge, this work is the first application of adaptive dictionaries in diffusion spectrum imaging, whereby we reduce the scan time of whole brain diffusion spectrum imaging acquisition from 50 to 17 min while retaining high image quality. In vivo experiments were conducted with the 3T Connectome MRI. The root-mean-square error of the reconstructed “missing” diffusion images were calculated by comparing them to a gold standard dataset (obtained from acquiring 10 averages of diffusion images in these missing directions). The root-mean-square error from the proposed reconstruction method is up to two times lower than that of Menzel et al.'s method and is actually comparable to that of the fully-sampled 50 minute scan. Comparison of tractography solutions in 18 major white-matter pathways also indicated good agreement between the fully-sampled and 3-fold accelerated reconstructions. Further, we demonstrate that a dictionary trained using probability density functions from a single slice of a particular subject generalizes well to other slices from the same subject, as well as to slices from other subjects. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Site fidelity of migratory bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo (L. 1758) to specific estuaries in South Carolina, USA

Abstract To examine the migratory patterns, habitat utilization and residency of bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo (L. 1758)) in estuarine systems within coastal South Carolina, a tag-recapture experiment was conducted from 1998 to 2012 during which 2300 individuals were tagged. To assess the intra and inter-annual movements of tagged sharks, six estuaries within state waters were monitored using multiple gear types in addition to the cooperative efforts of recreational anglers throughout the southeastern United States. Over the course of the experiment 177 bonnetheads were recaptured after 3 days to 8.9 years at liberty, representing a recapture rate of approximately 8%. All bonnetheads were recaptured within the same estuary where they were originally tagged on intra and/or inter-annual scales, with the exception of six individuals, which were recaptured during migratory periods (i.e. late fall, winter and spring) in coastal waters off Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. On 23 occasions cohesion was demonstrated by groups ranging in size from 2 to 5 individuals that were tagged together and recaptured together, with times at liberty ranging from 12 days to 3.6 years. Additionally, 13 individuals were recaptured multiple times with times at liberty ranging from 12 days to 8.9 years; all individuals were recaptured in the same estuary where they were initially tagged. We hypothesize that bonnetheads are using South Carolina's estuaries as summer feeding grounds due to the relatively high abundance of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), including ovigerous females during spring and summer months, and the location of these ephemeral yet predictable feeding areas is socially transmitted to relatively young, naive sharks by experienced, older individuals. The high degree of intra and inter-annual site fidelity demonstrated by bonnetheads in this region offers unique opportunities for in situ study of various aspects of the biology of this species, including identification of essential habitats, growth, homing mechanisms, mortality rates, movement patterns and social behavior.
Awake GlideScope intubation in a critically ill pediatric patient

Summary We report a challenging case of a 10-year-old boy with history of biventricular heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, severe asthma, and obesity with a BMI of 37. He presented to our hospital in acute decompensated heart failure. Our anesthesia team was consulted by the pediatric intensivist for urgent airway management in this rapidly deteriorating, premorbid patient. We describe here the use of the GlideScope® in an awake pediatric patient of ASA 4E status with a potentially difficult airway who required to remain in the seated position and thus necessitating a face-to-face approach.
A verification protocol and statistical performance analysis for face recognition algorithms

Two key performance characterization of biometric algorithms (face recognition in particular) are (1) verification performance and (2) and performance as a function of database size and composition. This characterization is required for developing robust face recognition algorithms and for successfully transitioning algorithms from the laboratory to real world. In this paper we (1) present a general verification protocol and apply it to the results from the Sep96 FERET test, and (2) discuss and present results on the effects of database size and variability on identification and verification performance.
The Initial Growth of Expressive Vocabulary Among Children With Down Syndrome

Longitudinal data on the unstructured interactions at home of 9 children with Down syndrome were used to compare individual differences in initial expressive vocabulary growth to group data identically collected longitudinally on children without disabilities. The overall pattern of vocabulary growth was similar in all the children. Among the children with Down syndrome, differences in initial learning strategies, an asynchrony between growth of vocabulary and MLU, and differences between individual children of as long as 2 years in producing the first 50 words of expressive vocabulary were seen. Implications for intervention are discussed.
High recovery/high pressure membranes for brine conversion SWRO process development and its performance data

Toray Industries and Toray Engineering have developed a new type reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and its process for seawater desalination, which brings advantages of high water recovery, low energy cost and lower plant installation cost. The new type RO membranes, “Brine Conversion Reverse Osmosis Membrane (SU-820BCM)”, shows a superb performance at a high pressure of more than 9.0 MPa and a high salt concentration more than 5.8% concentrated seawater. The newly developed “Brine Conversion Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System (BCS system)” takes the fresh water from the concentrated brine water (salt concentration 5.8%, produced under 6.5 MPa) of first stage RO modules. The newly developed “Brine Conversion Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination System” (BCS system) can obtain 60% recovery of fresh water, taking from the concentrated brine water (salt concentration 5.8%, produced under 6.5 MPa) of first stage RO modules in addition to a conventional system desalination (40% recovery). The cost of producing fresh water can be saved approximately 15–20%. The space of plant is also reduced approximately 30% due to reducing the space of the pretreatment process. The continuous operating performance with SU-820BCM has proved to be in good conditions in the BCS pilot plant in Japan for more than 2 years. The total capacity of this plant is 210 m3/d with 60% recovery, and the quality of the produced fresh water has been maintained at the level of less than 200 ppm TDS, which satisfies their designed specifications for drinking water.
THE PHOTOOXIDATION OF 8-METHOXYPSORALEN

— The photooxidation of 8-methoxypsoralen has been studied. Enhancement of the reaction rate in deuterated solvents is in accord with the involvement of singlet oxygen. Several photoproducts including 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin and polymer are formed. Low temperature nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies give evidence of a peroxidic intermediate.
Energy-efficient and fault-tolerant resolution of topographic queries in networked sensor systems

This paper focuses on energy-efficient and fault-tolerant resolution of topographic queries in dense, uniformly deployed, two-dimensional sensor systems. Our approach is based on construction of the topographic map of user-defined features in the network. Once constructed, the map is used to resolve a large number of topographic queries efficiently. We present a distributed algorithm for construction and maintenance of the topographic map in presence of node failures and discuss resolution of topographic queries using the map. Our results show that our algorithm incurs 90% lesser time and 50% lower energy overheads on the average, and recovers more reliably from node failures in the network than the state-of-the-art.
Multiresolution dynamic image representation with uniform and foveal spiral scan data

This work addresses the problem of representing a dynamic image via its temporal spiral scan data. Two types of spiral scan data are considered: uniform density and foveal. Spatial sampling strategies for these two spiral scans are examined. A signal model is developed to interpret the temporal readouts of repeated spiral scans via two separate time variables, the slow time and fast time. This mathematical model is used to construct a method for forming the time progression of the target image. A method for increasing the repetition rate of the spiral data collection via utilizing both forward and backward spiral scans is presented. Results are provided.
Fuel delivery system sensitivity based adaptive pressure control

Fast micro processors have enabled, if not on line, than still off line implementation of computationally more intensive methodologies. Because of that it is of interest to revisit some of earlier adaptive control methods and investigate them in original or modified forms and compare the performance with some newer methodologies. In this paper Sensitivity Based Adaptive Control has been challenged with the non-linear plant that has uncertainties, time delays, and plant parameters variations. Fuel delivery system examples have been selected for Sensitivity Based Adaptive Control bench marking. Because of the simplicity of this methodology resulting in lower computational burdens and its applicability to many practical engineering applications Sensitivity Based Adaptive Control has lead us to opinion that Renaissance of this method may soon come.
Brand community integration in a niche sport: a league-wide examination of online and offline involvement in minor league soccer in North America

This investigation extends the study of brand community integration to niche sports by examining online and offline community involvement in a minor soccer league. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spatial groups and brand community integration dimensions and assess the relationship between brand community integration and behavioural intentions between spatial groups. A sample of 890 brand community members from a minor soccer league in North America were asked to rate their level of online and offline involvement with the brand, level of integration with the brand community, and level of intent to attend future league games. Results indicate brand community members of teams in this league can be distinctly classified as online or offline community members, brand community integration is stronger among online members, and higher degrees of community integration yield higher levels of intent to attend future games. These findings suggest brand community integration is enhanced through online interactions with the brand. This illustrates the importance of brand communities in niche sports and highlights the opportunity for marketers to develop community integration relatively inexpensively via online involvement.
Bacterial Lipoprotein TLR2 Agonists Broadly Modulate Endothelial Function and Coagulation Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

TLR2 activation induces cellular and organ inflammation and affects lung function. Because deranged endothelial function and coagulation pathways contribute to sepsis-induced organ failure, we studied the effects of bacterial lipoprotein TLR2 agonists, including peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, Pam3Cys, and murein lipoprotein, on endothelial function and coagulation pathways in vitro and in vivo. TLR2 agonist treatment induced diverse human endothelial cells to produce IL-6 and IL-8 and to express E-selectin on their surface, including HUVEC, human lung microvascular endothelial cells, and human coronary artery endothelial cells. Treatment of HUVEC with TLR2 agonists caused increased monolayer permeability and had multiple coagulation effects, including increased production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue factor, as well as decreased production of tissue plasminogen activator and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. TLR2 agonist treatment also increased HUVEC expression of TLR2 itself. Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein induced IL-6 production by endothelial cells from wild-type mice but not from TLR2 knockout mice, indicating TLR2 specificity. Mice were challenged with TLR2 agonists, and lungs and plasmas were assessed for markers of leukocyte trafficking and coagulopathy. Wild-type mice, but not TLR2 mice, that were challenged i.v. with TLR2 agonists had increased lung levels of myeloperoxidase and mRNAs for E-selectin, P-selectin, and MCP-1, and they had increased plasma PAI-1 and E-selectin levels. Intratracheally administered TLR2 agonist caused increased lung fibrin levels. These studies show that TLR2 activation by bacterial lipoproteins broadly affects endothelial function and coagulation pathways, suggesting that TLR2 activation contributes in multiple ways to endothelial activation, coagulopathy, and vascular leakage in sepsis.
Phenotypic covariance structure in tamarins (genus Saguinus): a comparison of variation patterns using matrix correlation and common principal component analysis.

Constancy of variation/covariation structure among populations is frequently assumed in order to measure the differential selective forces which have caused population differentiation through evolutionary time. Following Steppan ([1997] Evolution 51:571-594), this assumption is examined among closely related tamarin species (genus Saguinus), using two distinct approaches applied to the task of evaluating similarity in patterns of morphological variation: common principal component analysis and matrix correlations. While the results of these analyses may appear contradictory, closer examination reveals them as complementary, highlighting the wisdom of combined methodologies. Overall, the results reveal a close relationship among the morphologically based variance structures of the tamarin species a relationship whose pattern is consistent with the pattern of phylogenetic relatedness as found via a molecular genetic study. More specifically, both methodological approaches provide some support for divergence of S. geoffroyi and S. oedipus (with regards to their patterns of morphological variation) from other tamarin species. This suggests that variance/covariance structure may have diverged through evolutionary time in the tamarin lineage, placing assumptions of constancy in doubt.
A Novel Technique for Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Patients with Acute Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Cryopreserved amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation is an emerging technique that is becoming the gold standard for the management of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its more severe variant, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). We describe a novel surgical technique utilizing a single, large sheet of AM (5 x 10 cm) and a custom-made forniceal ring, which facilitates AM placement. Our technique is easy to use and minimizes suturing and manipulation of ocular tissues, resulting in decreased operative time. This technique may be applied in the management of multiple ocular surface disease processes, including chemical or thermal burns, severe ocular graft versus host disease (GVHD), and other autoimmune diseases.
Network Formation under Multiple Sources of Externalities

The architecture of social and economic networks is often explained in terms of the externalities shaping the link-forming incentives of players. We make two contributions to this literature. First, we bring into its ambit the linear-quadratic utility model. Since players’ utilities are now a function of their network centralities, this permits endogenizing their locational incentives in a network. Second, we show that the mode of transmission of externalities can be crucial in dictating the topology of equilibrium networks. We consider two alternative modes for channeling externalities. Both have the same primary source (direct links) but a different secondary source (global effects versus indirect links). We characterize equilibrium networks for different positive-negative combinations of primary-secondary externalities for both modes. We show that the mode of transmission influences the equilibrium architecture when externalities from the primary source are positive ;w hen these externalities are negative, the equilibrium network is empty.
Dialectic and Dialogue

This is the talk I gave when the City of Stuttgart did me the honour of awarding me the Hegel prize. Since I was the first non-European philosopher to receive this award, I interpreted the occasion as marking another step in the remarkable rapprochement that is now taking place between what for a time seemed two distinct, even hostile, philosophical methods, attitudes and traditions. What we are witnessing is, of course, really no more than the re-engagement of traditions that share a common heritage. But this makes it no less surprising, since as we know, it is those who are closest in their presuppositions who are most apt to exaggerate and dwell on their differences. To understand is not to forgive, and to half-understand is all too often to reject.