cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of cytosolic and mitochondrial H2O2 metabolism and toxicity in human epithelial cells

Hydrogen peroxide has long been recognized as a signaling molecule due to its selective reactivity with particular cysteine residues of a subset of proteins. Changes in its concentration as a function of time and space within the cell can determine cellular fates, and different cell types may exhibit differing responses to identical increases in hydrogen peroxide flux. These observations form the basis for pro-oxidant chemotherapeutics in the treatment of cancer. However, many questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathways, the magnitudes of differences among cell types, and the impact of localization within the cell. A mathematical model of the reactivity and transport of H2O2 within human epithelial cells will be presented and used to address these questions.
Transient Flow Field Temperature Profile Measurement Using Rotational Raman Spectroscopy

The application of a pulsed laser and low-light-level television system for obtaining the frequency and spatial distribution of pure rotational Raman scattering from a transient gas flow is presented. The system has a temporal resolution of less than one millisecond and spatial resolution better than 0.1 millimeters. Examples of temperature determinations of hydrogen and deuterium are given. Plans are to use the system to take temperature profiles across a transient gas jet.
Public Policies and Clinical Sociology

When a clinical sociologist starts to serve as a change or intervention agent in a public policy on behalf of an individual or organizational client, what are probable first steps to be taken? Specifics differ widely from case to case, but certain general concerns are fairly common, and they lead to a search for workable answers to these questions.
Environmental and Social Influences on Historical County Creation in the United States

This chapter uses a GIScience framework to explore the environmental and social factors that influenced the making of US counties from 1790 through 2000. Existing literature suggests that arbitrary political actions, carrying capacity, and time minimization explain the size and timing of county creation. These theories were examined using updated data and tested for their validity with a historical GIS and statistical analysis. The chapter found that political, sociological, and ecological factors need to be supplemented with geographical considerations, such as elevation, natural amenities, and proximity to like-sized counties to explain the evolution of county creation. This chapter is unique in that it represents a historical approach to GIScience and can be used to inform the geography of governance structures.
Spinal cord injuries.

Some spinal cord injuries occur after the patient arrives under medical care; if proper measures are taken, these should be preventable. Many cord injuries are incomplete and with proper treatment have a remarkable capacity for recovery. Centralized rehabilitation programs for patients with spinal injury can guide the victim to the highest functional level consistent with his or her injury.
Inductive Text Classification

After giving the theoretical motivation and justification for the maximum-margin approach to text classification in the previous two chapters, this chapter evaluates its empirical performance. It also addresses practical issues related to selecting a good representation and an appropriate parameter setting.
Definizione, storia e natura della crisi

Esistono poche condizioni umane descritte e vissute tanto diversamente quanto la crisi, lo stress e il trauma. Il termine crisi viene impiegato liberamente e puo indicare un problema di eccezionale grandezza come, d’altro canto,potrebbe semplicemente essere usato per indicare una giornata impegnativa: per esempio, ”sto avendo una crisi dopo l’altra“.
A Distributed Semi-Supervised Platform for DNase-Seq Data Analytics using Deep Generative Convolutional Networks

A deep learning approach for analyzing DNase-seq datasets is presented, which has promising potentials for unraveling biological underpinnings on transcription regulation mechanisms. Further understanding of these mechanisms can lead to important advances in life sciences in general and drug, biomarker discovery, and cancer research in particular. Motivated by recent remarkable advances in the field of deep learning, we developed a platform, Deep Semi-Supervised DNase-seq Analytics (DSSDA). Primarily empowered by deep generative Convolutional Networks (ConvNets), the most notable aspect is the capability of semi-supervised learning, which is highly beneficial for common biological settings often plagued with a less sufficient number of labeled data. In addition, we investigated a k-mer based continuous vector space representation, attempting further improvement on learning power with the consideration of the nature of biological sequences for features associated with locality-based relationships between neighboring nucleotides. DSSDA employs a modified Ladder Network for underlying generative model architecture, and its performance is demonstrated on the cell type classification task using sequences from large-scale DNase-seq experiments. We report the performance of DSSDA in both fully-supervised setting, in which DSSDA outperforms widely-known ConvNet models (94.6% classification accuracy), and semi-supervised setting for which, even with less than 10% of labeled data, DSSDA performs relatively comparable to other ConvNets using the full data set. Our results underscore, in order to deal with challenging genomic sequence datasets, the need of a better deep learning method to learn latent features and representation.
Methods for Collecting, Rearing and Preserving Dragonflies

Collecting and preserving methods for both nymphs and adults of Odonata are described. Procedures for rearing and feeding nymphs are outlined; rearing nymphs is an essential tool in learning about their growth and development. Suggestions for equipment and other materials, and also safety concerns, necessary in field studies of nymphs and adults are provided. Field guides to the adults of North American dragonflies are listed.
A Class of Solvable Models of Fermion Fluids

A hierarchy of model many-body systems is discussed, in order of increasing physical realizability: profile models, free energy models, Hamiltonian models. Solvable examples of each are proposed. An acoustic wave profile model generates a simple relationship between linear response and structure factor, but does not arise from a free energy. A free energy model, linear in the linear response, yields reasonable nonuniform Fermi fluid profiles, but is not Hamiltonian in nature. Finally, a Hamiltonian model is introduced, a variant of the Luttinger model, which amalgamates characteristics of the above non-Hamiltonian formats.
Exploring aging in place inquiry through the lens of resilience theory

Many late-life older adults prefer remaining in one’s home among familiar and comforting surroundings until life’s end. However, this may be a challenging pursuit due to accelerating physical and c...
Considerations and Challenges for Large Area Embedded Micro-channels with 3D Manifold in High Heat Flux Power Electronics Applications

Embedded microchannel with 3D manifold heat sinks (EMMCs) offer two primary advantages over conventional microchannel heat sinks: increased thermal performance and decreased pressure loss. The unique 3D fluid routing mechanism of the manifold reduces pressure losses and, resultantly, reduces required pumping power. Previous simulations and experimental studies have been limited to cooling of small footprint electronics, typically on the order of 5×5mm2. This work explores the effects of scaling up the footprint of the cooling area using single phase water. A constant heat flux is applied at the top of the microchannel cold plate and the manifold routes fluid in and out of this cold plate. Achieving similar thermal performance with a larger footprint necessitates scaling flow rate approximately proportional to area. Therefore, significantly higher pressure losses are expected as the heater area is scaled up from 5×5mm2 to 20×20mm2. For example, in order to achieve a target performance of 0.078 cm2-K/W, pressure drops from the inlet to outlet are 2 and 35 kPa for the 5×5mm2 and 20×20mm2, respectively. In addition, increasing the flow rate of liquid results in the location of the hottest spot on the device shifting away from the center of the device. Finally, this paper discusses ongoing and future experimental work and methods of improving thermal and pressure performance in large-scale EMMCs.
A Call to Action: Dismantling Racial Injustices in Preclinical Research and Clinical Care of Black Patients Living with Small Cell Lung Cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with dismal survival rates and limited therapeutic options. SCLC development is strongly associated with exposure to tobacco carcinogens. However, additional genetic and environmental risk factors that contribute to SCLC pathogenesis are beginning to emerge. Here, we specifically assess disparities pertaining to SCLC in Black populations. In contrast to non-small cell lung cancer, preliminary data suggest that Black individuals may actually be at a lower risk of developing SCLC relative to white individuals. This difference remains unexplained but urgently needs to be verified in larger data sets, because it could provide important new insights and approaches to understanding this recalcitrant tumor. Importantly, little biological information exists on SCLC in Black individuals, and few patient-derived preclinical SCLC models from diverse ancestries are available in the laboratory. Unfortunately, we note strikingly low numbers of Black participants in clinical trials testing new treatments for SCLC. Evidence further indicates that care for patients with SCLC may vary between communities with a large fraction of Black patients and those without. Together, these observations underscore the need to better investigate genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors associated with SCLC development, preclinical research, clinical care, and outcomes.
Impact of Absolute and Relative Commute Time on Work-Family Conflict: Work Schedule Control, Child Care Hours, and Life Satisfaction.

Flexibility is crucial when employees manage their work and family demands and their commute between home and work. The current study examined the direct and moderation effects of variables from multiple domains including work schedule control (work domain), childcare hours (family domain), and life satisfaction (overall life domain). The impact of the geographic context on work-family conflict was tested with two contextual variables that were generated with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, where 'absolute' and 'relative commute time' were investigated in relation to work-family conflict. The participants participated in the National Study of Changing Workforce and completed an online survey on many work and family related variables. Results support the fact that commute time has an impact on work-family dynamics, that life satisfaction can influence this relationship, and that it is important to consider neighborhood in future research to better comprehend work-family interface issues. The study also highlights the importance of urbanization, relative and absolute commute time, etc. in impacting work-family conflict. Additionally, the study discusses the impact of COVID-19 on commute and one's work-family dynamics. Future research directions are put forward to better understand work and family experiences in the post COVID-19 world.
Field-scale crop yield prediction using multi-temporal WorldView-3 and PlanetScope satellite data and deep learning

Abstract Agricultural management at field-scale is critical for improving yield to address global food security, as providing enough food for the world’s growing population has become a wicked problem for both scientists and policymakers. County- or regional-scale data do not provide meaningful information to farmers who are interested in field-scale yield forecasting for effective and timely field management. No studies directly utilized raw satellite imagery for field-scale yield prediction using deep learning. The objectives of this paper were twofold: (1) to develop a raw imagery-based deep learning approach for field-scale yield prediction, (2) investigate the contribution of in-season multitemporal imagery for grain yield prediction with hand-crafted features and WorldView-3 (WV) and PlanetScope (PS) imagery as the direct input, respectively. Four WV-3 and 25 PS imagery collected during the growing season of soybean were utilized. Both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) convolution neural network (CNN) architectures were developed that integrated spectral, spatial, temporal information contained in the satellite data. For comparison, hundreds of carefully selected spectral, spatial, textural, and temporal features that are optimal for crop growth monitoring were extracted and fed into the same deep learning model. Our results demonstrated that (1) deep learning was able to predict yield directly using raw satellite imagery to the extent that was comparable to feature-fed deep learning approaches; (2) both 2D and 3D CNN models were able to explain nearly 90% variance in field-scale yield; (3) limited number of WV-3 outperformed multi-temporal PS data collected during entire growing season mainly attributed to RedEdge and SWIR bands available with WV-3; and (4) 3D CNN increased the prediction power of PS data compared to 2D CNN due to its ability to digest temporal features extracted from PS data.
Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma.

Author(s): Goyack, Laura; Heimann, Matthew | Abstract: Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male with a recent diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus presented to the emergency department with odynophagia and dysphagia for a month. Physical exam revealed Kaposi sarcoma partially occluding the airway. Point-of-care ultrasound was used to assist with the diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy, and computed tomography revealed systemic disease. Otolaryngology was urgently consulted, and the patient was admitted for prompt tracheostomy the following day.Discussion: Kaposi sarcoma is a violaceous vascular neoplasm that is an acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness. Mucocutaneous membranes should be thoroughly evaluated with patients suspected of AIDS. This case demonstrates the vital evaluation of the patient’s airway to assess patency. Highly active antiretroviral therapy should be initiated promptly, as well as chemotherapy in severe systemic cases.
Redeeming the Word: Religious Experience as Liberation in Erna Brodber's Fiction

The sociological literature of the Caribbean indicates that religion, both Christian and syncretic, has played a positive role in the liberation movements of the region, and that it continues to play a role, albeit in less overtly public ways, in the Caribbean's continuing construction of itself. The literary criticism and creative literature of the Anglophone Caribbean have, by and large, downplayed this positive aspect of religion. The focus has been predominantly on its historically negative aspects as a tool of oppression, deprivation and misdirected heroism, and, simultaneously and alternatively, on its presence as a diffuse strand in a larger matrix of cultural manifestation. In the latter type of representation, religion has been subsumed under folk culture, which in its turn has been subsumed under nationalism, the rubric which directed Anglophone Caribbean writing and criticism up to the 1980's. The paper examines the fictions of Erna Brodber, which seem to represent a shift away from this perspective. Brodber not only re-creates religious experience as the organizing dynamic of liberation, but also recasts religious experience within a language and etymology radically removed from those which characterize the rhetoric of nationalist liberation. Her epistemology in this project is equally removed from the frames of diaspora, globality and feminism within which her work is usually analyzed. I argue that in the final analysis Brodber makes a shift away from the historicist and humanist tradition that governs current literary and cultural discourse, and I seek to identify the bases and implications of this radical shift.
Microrobotic tentacles with spiral bending capability based on shape-engineered elastomeric microtubes

Microrobotic tentacles with spiral bending capability based on shape-engineered elastomeric microtubes
Enhancement of anatomical learning and developing clinical competence of first-year medical and allied health profession students.

Hands-on educational experiences can stimulate student interest, increase knowledge retention, and enhance development of clinical skills. The Lachman test, used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), is commonly performed by health care professionals and is relatively easy to teach to first-year health profession students. This study integrated teaching the Lachman test into a first-year anatomy laboratory and examined if students receiving the training would be more confident, competent, and if the training would enhance anatomical learning. First-year medical, physician assistant and physical therapy students were randomly assigned into either the intervention (Group A) or control group (Group B). Both groups received the course lecture on knee anatomy and training on how to perform the Lachman test during a surface anatomy class. Group A received an additional 15 minutes hands-on training for the Lachman test utilizing a lightly embalmed cadaver as a simulated patient. One week later, both groups performed the Lachman test on a lightly embalmed cadaver and later completed a post-test and survey. Students with hands-on training performed significantly better than students with lecture-only training in completing the checklist, a post-test, and correctly diagnosing an ACL tear. Students in Group A also reported being more confident after hands-on training compared to students receiving lecture-only training. Both groups reported that incorporating clinical skill activities facilitated learning and created excitement for learning. Hands-on training using lightly embalmed cadavers as patient simulators increased confidence and competence in performing the Lachman test and aided in learning anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 7: 181–190. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Present status and treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

The therapeutic agents that have been described will successfully convert close to 100% of all episodes of PST in children. Digoxin is the most frequently used agent for treatment of acute PST and is highly effective and safe. Recently, cardioversion and beta-adrenergic blockade are being employed more frequently, both with specific indications. Newer electrical means and new agents such as Verapamil are effective but the former are not yet widely used and the latter not yet authorized for use in the United States. Prophylaxis of recurrent episodes is usually successful with digoxin, with the addition or substitution of propranolol in certain conditions.
Models of soil moisture dynamics in ecohydrology: A comparative study

[1] An accurate description of plant ecology requires an understanding of the interplay between precipitation, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. A simple model for soil moisture dynamics, which does not resolve spatial variations in saturation, facilitates analytical expressions of soil and plant behavior as functions of climate, soil, and vegetation characteristics. Proper application of such a model requires knowledge of the conditions under which the underlying simplifications are appropriate. To address this issue, we compare predictions of evapotranspiration and root zone saturation over a growing season from a simple bucket-filling model to those from a more complex, vertically resolved model. Dimensionless groups of key parameters measure the quality of the match between the models. For a climate, soil, and woody plant characteristic of an African savanna the predictions of the two models are quite similar if the plant can extract water from locally wet regions to make up for roots in dry portions of the soil column; if not, the match is poor.
New Perspectives on Bilingualism, Biliteracy, and Biculturalism in a Globalized World

Global Education Review is a publication of The School of Education at Mercy College, New York. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Ferrer, Aramina Vega, Nunez, Victoria & Mercado, Carmen I. (2015). New perspectives on bilingualism, biliteracy, and biculturalism in a globalized world. Global Education Review, 2 (2). 1-6 New Perspectives on Bilingualism, Biliteracy, and Biculturalism in a Globalized World
Level Set Methods

The shape of a real-world object can be represented by a parametric or a nonparametric contour in the image plane. The parametric contour representation is referred to as an explicit representation, and is defined in the Lagrangian coordinate system. In this coordinate system, two different objects have two different representations stemming from the different sets of control points that define the object contours. The control points constitute the finite elements, which is a common formalism used to represent shapes in the Lagrangian coordinates. In contrast to the parametric Lagrangian representation, the nonparametric representation defines the object contour implicitly in the Eulerian coordinates, which remains constant for two different objects. The level set method is a nonparametric representation defined in the Eulerian coordinate system and is used commonly in the computer vision community to represent the shape of an object in an image. The level set method has been introduced in the field of fluid dynamics by the seminal work of Osher and Sethian in 1988. After its introduction, it has been applied successfully in the fields of fluid mechanics, computational physics, computer graphics, and computer vision. In the level set representation, the value of each grid point (pixel) is set traditionally to the Euclidean distance between the grid point and the contour. Hence, moving the contour from one configuration to the other is achieved by changing the distance values in the grid points. During its motion, the contour can change its topology implicitly by splitting into two disjoint contours or by merging from two contours to one. The implicit nature of the representation becomes essential to handle the topology changes for the case when an initial configuration is required to solve a time-dependent problem. Upon initialization, the level set converges to a solution by re-evaluating the values at the grid points iteratively. This iterative procedure is referred to as the contour evolution. Keywords: segmentation; contour tracking; implicit representation; topology changes; splitting; merging; contour representation; fast marching
Inference beyond logic: protologic

A countably infinite class of inferences with no counterpart in logic is presented. These comprise an autonomous subclass of inferential equations previously introduced by the author (1992, 1993). They can serve as a protologic with relatively low fidelity in the absence of the stronger relations of logic, and/or fuzzy-logic inference. >
Empirical estimates of body drag of large waterfowl and raptors

To whom reprint requests should be addressed. Measurements of the body frontal area of some large living waterfowl (Anatidae) and raptors (Falconiformes) were found to vary with the two-thirds power of the body mass, with no distinction between the two groups. Wind tunnel measurements on frozen bodies gave drag coefficients ranging from 0.25 to 0.39, in the Reynolds number range 145 000 to 462 000. Combining these observations with those of Prior (1984), which extended to lower Reynolds numbers, a practical rule is proposed for choosing a value of the body drag coefficient for use in performance estimates.
Efficient algorithms for Bayesian network parameter learning from incomplete data

We propose a family of efficient algorithms for learning the parameters of a Bayesian network from incomplete data. Our approach is based on recent theoretical analyses of missing data problems, which utilize a graphical representation, called the missingness graph. In the case of MCAR and MAR data, this graph need not be explicit, and yet we can still obtain closed-form, asymptotically consistent parameter estimates, without the need for inference. When this missingness graph is explicated (based on background knowledge), even partially, we can obtain even more accurate estimates with less data. Empirically, we illustrate how we can learn the parameters of large networks from large datasets, which are beyond the scope of algorithms like EM (which require inference).
Bayesian analysis for uncertainty estimation of a canopy transpiration model

[1] A Bayesian approach was used to fit a conceptual transpiration model to half-hourly transpiration rates for a sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stand collected over a 5-month period and probabilistically estimate its parameter and prediction uncertainties. The model used the Penman-Monteith equation with the Jarvis model for canopy conductance. This deterministic model was extended by adding a normally distributed error term. This extension enabled using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations to sample the posterior parameter distributions. The residuals revealed approximate conformance to the assumption of normally distributed errors. However, minor systematic structures in the residuals at fine timescales suggested model changes that would potentially improve the modeling of transpiration. Results also indicated considerable uncertainties in the parameter and transpiration estimates. This simple methodology of uncertainty analysis would facilitate the deductive step during the development cycle of deterministic conceptual models by accounting for these uncertainties while drawing inferences from data.
Self-Evaluation of Personality Assets and Liabilities of Southern White and Negro Students

(1960). Self-Evaluation of Personality Assets and Liabilities of Southern White and Negro Students. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 135-143.
HEAT INJURY DURING FLORAL DEVELOPMENT IN COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA, FABACEAE)

High night temperatures during floral development induce male sterility in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). The objectives of this study were to determine: the possible causes of the male sterility; the stage of floral development when damage due to heat stress occurs; and whether specific tissues are damaged during the period of sensitivity to heat. Plants were grown under controlled temperatures in both greenhouses and growth chambers in separate experiments. Floral development was normal under a night temperature of 20 C, whereas flowers developed under high night temperature (30 C) set no pods due to low pollen viability and anther indehiscence. Anthers developed under 33/30 C day/night temperatures did not exhibit endothecial formation, whereas anthers developed under 33/20 C day/night temperatures exhibited normal development of the endothecial layer. Reciprocal transfers of plants between chambers with high or optimum night temperature demonstrated that the stage of floral development most sensitive to heat stress occurs 9 to 7 d before anthesis. Anthers developed under either optimal or high night temperatures were compared cytologically. Development was similar through meiosis, but after tetrad release, which occurred 8 d before anthesis, the tapetal layer degenerated prematurely under high night temperature. Premature degeneration of the tapetal layer and lack of endothecial development may be responsible for the low pollen viability, low anther dehiscence, and low pod set under high night temperatures.
Fouling of a platinum reforming catalyst accompanying the dehydrogenation of methyl cyclohexane

Abstract Fouling of a platinum reforming catalyst during the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane was studied under reaction conditions varying between 350 and 400 °C, 200 and 600 Torr hydrogen, 10 and 30 Torr MCH, and 2 and 12 Torr toluene. Each experiment was carried out at constant temperature and constant reaction mixture composition. During the early stages, the deactivation was totally reversible, that is, the initial activity of the catalyst was recoverable in a stream of hydrogen. The deactivation during this stage was essentially zero order and the activation energy of the deactivation rate was 8 Kcal/gmole. At times in excess of about 40 min on stream, the deactivation was only partially reversible and the rate of deactivation was proportional to the rate of dehydrogenation of MCH. The activation energy of the deactivation rate in the latter stage was 39 Kcal/gmole.
Effects of Professional Experience and Group Interaction on Information Requested in Analyzing IT Cases.

The authors investigated the effects of professional experience and group interaction on the information that information technology professionals and graduate accounting information system (AIS) students request when analyzing business cases related to information systems design and implementation. Understanding these effects can contribute to the success of the college classroom and corporate training learning environments. The results suggest that as the amount of professional experience increases, the number of information requests that match the information requests determined by a master panel (matched answers) also increase. In addition, higher numbers of matched answers by novices were associated with being in established groups prior to completing the experimental case individually.
Origin of convoluted laminae

Comparison of streaked-out “ripples” formed by the drag effects of a current passing over a watery, yet cohesive sediment bottom with convoluted laminae formed within beds of fine-grained sandstone suggests a common origin. Application of Bagnold's recent discoveries on the behaviour of cohesionless sediment in flowing fluids to the problem results in a modification of Kuenen's hypothesis of origin of the convolutions. According to the new interpretation, convolutions arise when formerly cohesionless sand grains become cohesive after deposition and respond to increased shearing due to higher current velocity by a decollementtype of adjustment with the plane or planes of adjustment located within, or in some cases at or below the base of the growing sandstone bed. Convolute “anticlines” in cohesive sand are thought to serve the same function as that played by current ripple-marks in cohesionless sand, i.e., they create additional bottom relief in order to increase the drag and restore equilibrium to the added shearing stress imposed by the current that cannot be counterbalanced by grain-to-grain encounters.
Direct measurement of Dirac point and Fermi level at graphene/oxide interface by internal photoemission

We report the first direct measurement of the Dirac point, the Fermi level, and the work function of single layer gapless graphene by using photoemission threshold spectroscopy. Since the pioneering work of Novoselov et al in 2004, [1] graphene has attracted an immense amount of interest from all disciplines. [2] The knowledge of the physics of graphene-based devices has grown dramatically. Along with the recent success of large area chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene, [3] it seems the industrial applications such as transparent electrodes, [4] field effect transistors, [5] and quantum well devices [6] are becoming more promising. However, the precise position of the Dirac point and Fermi level at the graphene/oxide interface has yet to be investigated; despite their importance in the design and modeling of graphene-based devices. In this paper, we present the study of a semi-transparent metal/high-k/graphene/SiO 2 /Si structure, and focus our study on the photoemission phenomena at the graphene/SiO 2 interface. As a result, a complete electronic band alignment of the graphene/SiO 2 /Si system is accurately constructed for the first time.
The Effect of Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation on Myosin Bearing Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Linked Mutations

Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricle that can often be preceded by diastolic dysfunction. The clinical presentation of the disease varies widely from asymptomatic to progressive heart failure to sudden cardiac death. FHC is caused by mutations in 1 of the 14 genes that encode for sarcomeric proteins. Two FHC mutations, N47K and R58Q, located in the regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin have previously been shown to reduce actin filament velocity under load, stemming from a more compliant lever arm (Greenberg et al., PNAS add details 2010). The RLC mechanically stabilizes the neck/lever arm of myosin, which is crucial to myosin's ability to transmit contractile force. Phosphorylation of the RLC can impart stiffness to the myosin lever arm. In the work presented here, in vitro motility assays are utilized to investigate the effects of RLC phosphorylation on the FHC RLC mutant phenotype in the presence of an α-actinin frictional load. When co-incubated with a 0.5 μg/ml α-actinin frictional load, the R58Q mutation reduces actin sliding velocity to 54% of WT values, consistent with previous findings that myosin bearing the R58Q mutation exhibits reduced force production. Phosphorylation of R58Q mutant myosin restored velocity to 68% of WT velocity. These results suggest that that RLC phosphorylation may have a minor inhibitory effect on the FHC phenotype at the molecular level. Supported by AHA- 12PRE11910009 (AK), 10POST3420009 (PM), NIH- HL071778 & HL090786 (DSC) and HL077280 (JM).
The Legacy of the Siege of Leningrad, 1941-1995: Myth, Memories, and Monuments

Part I. Making Memory in Wartime: 1. Mapping memory in St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad 2. The city scarred: war at home 3. Life becomes history: memories and monuments in wartime Part II. Reconstructing and Remembering the City: 4. The city healed: victory parks and historical reconstruction 5. The return of stories from the city front 6. Heroes and victims: local monuments of the Soviet war cult Part III. The Persistence of Memory: 7. Speaking the unspoken? 8. Mapping the return of St Petersburg Epilogue.
A distributed channel selection scheme for multi-channelwireless sensor networks

We consider the channel assignment problem in multi-channel wireless sensor networks for maximizing the network lifetime. We assume a data collection traffic pattern where all nodes forward data periodically to a sink and propose a distributed channel selection scheme that tries to maximize the lifetime of the nodes by controlling the energy consumption from overhearing. Some initial experimental results are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The C sign: more specific for flatfoot deformity than subtalar coalition.

Objective. To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the C sign, a C-shaped line created by the outline of the talar dome and the inferior margin of the sustentaculum tali on lateral ankle radiographs, for patients with both flatfoot deformity and specifically talocalcaneal (TC) coalition.
Making Mars habitable

Mars is believed to be lifeless, but it may be possible to transform it into a planet suitable for habitation by plants, and conceivably humans. The success of such an enterprise would depend on the abundance, distribution and form of materials on the planet that could provide carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen.
Proximity of a Tat peptide to the HIV-1 TAR RNA loop region determined by site-specific photo-cross-linking.

Transcriptional regulation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires specific interactions of Tat protein with the trans-activation responsive region (TAR) RNA, a 59-base stem-loop structure located at the 5‘-ends of all HIV-1 mRNAs. We have used a site-specific cross-linking method based on 4-thio-uracil (4-thioU) photochemistry to determine the interactions of a Tat peptide, Tat(38−72), with the loop region of TAR RNA under physiological conditions. A TAR RNA construct with a single 4-thioU residue at positions U31 in the loop sequence was synthesized by chemical methods. Upon UV irradiation, 4-thioU at U31 formed a covalent cross-link with the Tat peptide. We did not observe any RNA−RNA cross-link formation. Competition experiments revealed that a specific RNA−protein complex formation was necessary for the RNA−protein cross-linking reaction. Our results demonstrate that, during RNA−protein recognition, the Tat peptide is located in close proximity to O4 of U31 in the TAR RNA loop sequence.
Phospholipid flip-flop modulated by transmembrane peptides WALP and melittin.

Abstract Select transmembrane proteins found in biogenic membranes are known to facilitate rapid bidirectional flip-flop of lipids between the membrane leaflets, while others have no little or no effect. The particular characteristics which determine the extent to which a protein will facilitate flip-flop are still unknown. To determine if the relative polarity of the transmembrane protein segment influences its capacity for facilitation of flip-flop, we have studied lipid flip-flop dynamics for bilayers containing the peptides WALP 23 and melittin. WALP 23 is used as a model hydrophobic peptide, while melittin consists of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues. Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) was used to characterize the bilayers and determine the kinetics of flip-flop for the lipid component, 1,2-distearoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), within the mixed bilayers. The kinetic data were utilized to determine the activation thermodynamics for DSPC flip-flop in the presence of the peptides. Melittin was found to significantly reduce the free energy barrier to DSPC flip-flop when incorporated into the bilayer at 1 mol.%, while incorporation of WALP 23 at the same concentration led to a more modest reduction of the free energy barrier. The possible mechanisms by which these peptides facilitate flip-flop are analyzed and discussed in terms of the observed activation thermodynamics.
Estimation of a resilient modulus model for cohesive soils using joint estimation and mixed effects

This paper presents the specification and estimation of a model based on the mechanistic empirical Pavement Design Guide (PDG) for estimating resilient modulus of fine-grained soils by using common soil parameters and by combining two different data sources: a database developed with Hawaiian fine-grained soils and data extracted from the Long Team Pavement Performance database for fine-grained subgrade soils. Two statistical techniques are combined to estimate the model parameters: joint estimation and mixed effects. Joint estimation considers multiple databases and allows identification of influential parameters that may be present only in some but not all databases whereas the mixed-effects statistical estimation approach is used to account for the within-group correlation between observations. The general structure of the PDG model is found acceptable if an allowance is made for the compaction level in addition to the saturation level in the PDG sigmoidal function. The resulting model contains parameters that are statistically significant and is more robust in that it can be used under a wider range of conditions than would have been possible if only one data source was available.
Subsistence hunting and natural resource extraction: St. Lawrence island, Alaska

Abstract Even though modern technology has eased the burden and reduced some of the risks associated with marine mammal hunting in the Bering Sea, the Yupik‐speaking Eskimos of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska, confront the harsh and threatening Arctic environment in much the same way as their ancestors did 20 centuries ago. These Eskimo hunters still obtain more than two‐thirds of their foodstuffs and a portion of their clothing and tools from naturally occurring species. This article examines the manner in which these Eskimos have organized to capture, distribute, and conserve local natural resources and discusses four potential threats to their social organization: (1) technology and the cash economy, (2) natural population growth, (3) the development of oil and natural gas, and (4) the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.
Nd, Sr-isotopic provenance and trace element geochemistry of Amazonian foreland basin fluvial sands, Bolivia and Peru: implications for ensialic Andean orogeny

Nd and Sr isotopes and the trace element contents, including the rare earths, were determined for fluvial sands of lithic arenite composition from the Madre de Dios foreland basin of Bolivia and Peru. On standard petrologic ternary diagrams, the sands fall in the recycled orogen provenance field and thus are similar to typical ancient foreland basin composition. The average rare earth elemental pattern of the sands is identical to the upper continental crustal average, as estimated from post-Archean composite shales of different continents. Ratios ofTh/U, Co/Th, La/Sc and Th/Sc of the fluvial sands are intermediate between an average magmatic arc and an upper crustal average compositions. The dispersion of some trace elemental patterns in the sands can be attributed to fractionation of dense minerals, including zircon, during the sedimentation process. The variations of Nd isotopes in conjunction with the petrographic parameters of lithic metamorphic (Lm) and volcanic (Lv) fragments allow a two-fold classification of the sands. These two sand types can be interpreted in terms of mixing among three different provenances: one volcanic rock-suite with less negativeeNd(O) parameter than the other volcanic suite, and a third metasedimentary source witheNd(O) value of around −12, which is considered to be similar to the average western Brazilian shield composition. Thus the overall compositions of the sands has been modeled as mechanical mixtures of two components, an Andean magmatic arc and the Brazilian shield-derived metasediments. The model is strongly supported by a plot ofeNd(O) versuseSr(O) of the sands. In this plot, the Type 1 and 2 sands define two coherent hyperbolic trends contiguous with two different portions of the Andean magmatic trend. This relationship has been interpreted to indicate that the observed Andean magmatic trend in aneSr(O)-eNd(O) diagram is the result of varying degrees of contamination of a “primitive arc-type” magma by the Precambrian continental crust of the western Brazilian Shield. The depleted mantle average Nd model age of 1.46 Ga for the fluvial sands reflects the average age of the Brazilian continental crustal source. The development of the Andean orogenic belt has been discussed schematically with the isotopic data of the sands. The model describes a trailing edge prism of sediments, derived from the Brazilian Shield during the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic. The prism becomes part of the fold-thrust belt during the Andean orogeny in the Neogene, when the foreland basin develops with the basin fill partly derived from the fold-thrust belt. The sedimentary rocks in the fold-thrust belt are also a major source of contaminants for the Andean magmas. The contiguous nature of the Andean magmatic trend and the fluvial sand data in theeSr(O)-eNd(O) diagram suggests that the ensialic Andean magmatic arc has remained connected to its parent continent, the western Brazilian Shield, throughout the development of the Andean orogeny.
Nitrite and nitrate synthesis from pyruvic-oxime by anAlcaligenes sp.

AnAlcaligenes sp. isolated from soil was characterized as to its ability to oxidize and grow on pyruvic-oxime. Abundant nitrification of pyruvic-oxime was demonstrated with maximal nitrite and nitrate production of 1867 mg NO2 −-N per liter and 42 mg NO3 −-N per liter. TheAlcaligenes sp. oxidized hydroxylamine and this metabolism was stimulated when either acetate or pyruvate was present. This organism was also capable of limited pyruvic-oxime oxidation when cultured in an acidic medium. The metabolism of pyruvic-oxime and nitrification by theAlcaligenes sp. in the environment are discussed.
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of nitric oxide in the central nervous system

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by three distinct isoforms of nitric oxide synthases in the central nervous system. Here, the roles of nitric oxide in the central nervous system are reviewed under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Under physiological conditions, NO plays a role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and autoregulation, blood flow-metabolism coupling, neurotransmission, memory formation, modulation of neuroendocrine functions, and behavioral activity. Impairment of the NO-mediated cerebrovascular vasodilatation occurs during ischemia-reperfusion, diabetes, hypertension, subararchnoid hemorrhage, and various forms of shock. Enhancement of NO production in the brain occurs during stoke, seizures, and acute and chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. The alterations of the expression of the various isoforms of nitric oxide synthases under the above conditions are discussed. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of NO and peroxynitrite induced cellular injury are delineated. Finally, the current strategies available for selective pharmacological manipulation of individual nitric oxide synthase isoforms are discussed.
Distributing a Data Base with Logical Associations on a Computer Network for Parallel Searching

The problem of distributing a data base (with logical associations between segment types) on a computer network such that multiple segment types satisfying a query can be retrieved in paralel from different nodes has been introduced. Properties of such distributions without redundancy and with redundancy have been discussed. Lower bounds on the number of nodes needed for such distributions have been given. Algorithms for constructing such distributions have also been given. Distributions of data bases for queries whose target segments form a combinatorial set have been studied in detail. Closed form expressions for redundancy have been obtained for such query sets.
Estimating Dst indices and exospheric temperatures from equatorial magnetic fields measured by DMSP satellites

[1] We explore the feasibility of using variations in the horizontal component (ΔBH) of the Earth's magnetic field as measured by DMSP satellites while crossing the dip equator to estimate the provisional Dst index and the state of the thermosphere in near real time. Equatorial crossings are identified as locations where the vertical component of the main field measured by DMSP satellites vanishes. Local differences between measured and IGRF (epoch 2005) horizontal components (δBH) were calculated for the years 2005 to 2009. Each year quiet time (0 ≥ Dst ≥ – 7 nT) subsets of δBH were identified to establish offset baselines (δBH B) as functions of longitude along the magnetic equator (ϕeq) for each spacecraft. Year-to-year changes in δBH B reflect variations of the Earth's main field, indicating that baseline calculations must be updated at regular intervals for each spacecraft. Running-averaged values of ΔBH(t) = δBH (ϕeq, t) − δBH B (ϕeq, t) inferred from combined DMSP F16 and F17 data streams are shown to follow variations in Dst during the test interval. The method is also shown to apply during the magnetic superstorms of late 2003. Except during the late main phase, increases in globally averaged exospheric temperatures inferred from ΔBH and provisional Dst time series are in reasonable agreement with those inferred from measurements by accelerometers on the GRACE satellites.