cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Situ Analysis of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Polymer Foams

Abstract This paper presents an in situ SEM experimental study on cyclic crack propagation in closed-cell polymer foams. The microscopic failure mechanisms in precracked PVC and PES specimens of 60 and 90 kg/m 3 densities were examined under low-cycle fatigue loading. In the PVC foam, crack propagation occurred incrementally by successive failure of cell boundaries in front of the crack tip. The crack occasionally jumped to cell boundaries above or below the main crack resulting in non-self similar growth. Crack propagation in the PES foam occurred incrementally by extensive plastic tearing and subsequent tensile failure of the cell edge in front of the crack tip. Crack advance sometimes occurred by coalescence of the main crack with a secondary crack above or below the main crack. Such crack bridging involved extensive shear deformation of the cells bridging the two adjacent cracks. Overall, crack growth in the PES foams occurred through the center of the cells. At a given cycle load level, more loading cycles were required to extend the crack in the PES foam than for the PVC foam as a result of the higher ductility of the PES polymer.
The Prognostic Significance of Inducing Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients Presenting with Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia or Cardiac Arrest

The significance of inducing nonsustained ventricular tachycardia during baseline electrophysiological testing in patients presenting with sustained ventricular arrhythmias is unclear. In this study, 145 consecutive patients presenting with cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular tachycardia underwent electrophysiological study. Twenty five (17%) had no inducible ventricular tachycardia (group I), 33 (23%) had inducible nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (group II), and 87 (60%) had inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia (group 111). Group I was not treated with antiarrhythmic therapy. Groups II and III underwent serial drug trials guided by electrophysiological testing. Mean follow-up for all three groups was 31 ± 18 months. The actuarial rate of arrhythmia recurrence for group 1 at 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up was 0%, 6%, and 17%, respectively. This actuarial arrhythmia recurrence rate for group I was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of group II (16%, 27%, and 32%) and group III (32%, 39%, and 44%). There was no significant difference between the arrhythmia recurrence rates in groups 11 and III. When groups II and III were broken down into drug responders and nonresponders, drug responders in both groups had significantly fewer arrhythmia recurrences than nonresponders (P < 0.05). The overall incidence of sudden death was low (11 of 145, 8%) and not significantly different between groups I, II, and III. In summary, among patients who present with sustained ventricular arrhythmias, those who have nonsustained ventricular tachycardia induced during baseline electrophysiological testing respond to serial drug testing and have long-term outcomes similar to those with inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Culture conditions influencing growth and nitrogen fixation inFrankia sp.HFPCcI3 isolated from Casuarina

The optimum conditions for growth ofFrankia sp. HFPCcI3 isolated fromCasuarina cunninghamiana, were studied in batch culture using defined media. Maximum growth (doubling time was 24 h)_was achieved at 33°C and at pH 6.3 with pyruvate and NH4+ as the sole C and N sources, respectively. Removal of NH4+ from the culture medium resulted in vesicle differentiation which was paralleled by induction of acetylene reduction activity. Growth on atmospheric N2 was optimal with combined pyruvate and glucose as the carbon sources and displayed a doubling time of about 48 h. Comparisons in growth and N2-fixing activity ofFrankia strains grown in a variety of cultural conditions demonstrate the range of behavior among the strains.
A methodology for evaluating interactive system usage

A study of transaction logs from NLM's ELHILL system provided data on system feature usage and user search behavior. Several hypotheses were tested regarding the use of a pattern analysis methodology to represent and evaluate user behavior. Different classes of users (frequent, moderate, infrequent) were compared. The methodology is such that findings across different user groups (and different systems) can be compared.
Lymphocytosis as a predictor of poor response to treatment of hepatitis C

Summary Background/aims Identification of factors predicting response to therapy is critical in the management of hepatitis C. This study assessed significance of lymphocytosis as a predictor of sustained virological response (SVR). Methods Retrospective analysis of lymphocytosis and its correlation with virologic response was performed in 110 subjects with chronic HCV infection, who underwent interferon based therapy. Lymphocytosis was defined as ratio of lymphocytes to neutrophils (L/N) above 0.6. L/N ratios were calculated to avoid the impact of hypersplenism and constitutional leukopenia seen in African Americans (AA). Results At baseline, L/N of HCV subjects (0.86) as compared to Hepatitis B controls (0.56) was significantly higher ( P p 0.05). More HCV subjects without lymphocytosis at baseline achieved SVR (33.3%) compared to HCV subjects with lymphocytosis (15%). At week 12 of therapy, nonresponders had higher L/N (1.02 vs. 0.86) and frequency of lymphocytosis (73% vs. 48%) compared to subjects that achieved SVR ( p 0.05 for both). Only 17.2% of subjects with lymphocytosis at 12 weeks achieved SVR compared to 37.5% without lymphocytosis ( p Conclusions HCV induces lymphocytosis, especially in AA, and is associated with lower rate of SVR. Furthermore, lymphocytosis may serve as an inexpensive pre-treatment tool to predict poor virologic response to HCV therapy.
Deletion of the Murine Cytochrome P450 Cyp2j Locus by Fused BAC-Mediated Recombination Identifies a Role for Cyp2j in the Pulmonary Vascular Response to Hypoxia

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) confer vasoactive and cardioprotective functions. Genetic analysis of the contributions of these short-lived mediators to pathophysiology has been confounded to date by the allelic expansion in rodents of the portion of the genome syntenic to human CYP2J2, a gene encoding one of the principle cytochrome P450 epoxygenases responsible for the formation of EETs in humans. Mice have eight potentially functional genes that could direct the synthesis of epoxygenases with properties similar to those of CYP2J2. As an initial step towards understanding the role of the murine Cyp2j locus, we have created mice bearing a 626-kb deletion spanning the entire region syntenic to CYP2J2, using a combination of homologous and site-directed recombination strategies. A mouse strain in which the locus deletion was complemented by transgenic delivery of BAC sequences encoding human CYP2J2 was also created. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic measurements did not differ in wild-type, null, and complemented mice at baseline. However, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) during left mainstem bronchus occlusion was impaired and associated with reduced systemic oxygenation in null mice, but not in null mice bearing the human transgene. Administration of an epoxygenase inhibitor to wild-type mice also impaired HPV. These findings demonstrate that Cyp2j gene products regulate the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia.
Finding k shortest simple paths in directed graphs: A node classification algorithm

We propose a new exact algorithm for enumerating k shortest simple paths in a directed graph with n nodes and m edges. The algorithm has a complexity of Oknm+nlogn and follows the same process as Yen's deviation algorithm, but the candidate paths are computed more efficiently using a node classification technique. We first show that a candidate path can be separated by its deviation node as prefix and suffix. Our algorithm then classifies the nodes as red, yellow, and green. A node on the prefix is assigned a red color, a node that can reach t the destination node through a shortest path without visiting a red node is assigned a green color, and all other nodes are assigned a yellow color. We prove that when searching for the suffix of a candidate path, all green nodes can be bypassed, and we only need to apply Dijkstra's algorithm to find an all-yellow-node subpath. Since on average the number of yellow nodes is much smaller than n, the new algorithm has a much lower average-case running time. Experiments on many types of networks demonstrate that the new algorithm performs significantly better than existing exact algorithms that have polynomial worst-case complexity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 641, 6-17 2014
A teacher assessment of self-controlling skills and their relationship to self-control and adjustment ratings

Abstract The present study involved a teacher assessment of 13 self-controlling skills across elementary school grades for urban and suburban locations and an assessment of the relationship between these skills and students' self-control and adjustment ratings. One hundred and eight first- through fifth-grade teachers completed the Teacher Assesment of Self-Control Skills (TASCS) rating instrument on the students in their classes and the Teacher Self-Control Rating Scale (TSCRS) and the Teacher-Child Rating Scale (T-CRS) for four randomly selected children from their classes. There were significant relationships between the presence of self-controlling skills and rating of self-control and adjustment in upper elementary school grades. Additionally, significant differences were found in the level of self-controlling skills across elementary school grades and urban and suburban locations. The implications of the findings for the development of self-control training curricula are discussed.
The Use of Hypnotic Techniques with Psychotics

Abstract This is a review of selected literature related to the hypnotic susceptibility of psychotic patients and the efficacy of utilizing hypnotherapy with this clinical population. Psychotic patients are equally amenable to treatment by hypnosis as any other group of psychopathologies, when certain conceptual and technique considerations are addressed. An egopsychological perspective is utilized to develop the conceptual framework underlying this approach, and a paradigm for hypnotherapeutic intervention is outlined. Consideration is given to induction technique, the management of specific psychotic symptoms, the utilization of hypnotic imagery to strengthen ego boundaries and enhance ego functioning, and the significant manifestations and management of psychotic transference in hypnotherapy.
Growth and survival of juvenile Orconectes virilis and Orconectes immunis at different temperatures

Culture of orconectid crayfishes in the midwestern USA offers the potential of contributing to a year-round supply of fresh product as summer/fall production would augment winterhpring production in the southern USA. However, relatively little basic biological information exists for this potential new aquaculture crop. In this study, the authors reared juvenile (third instar) Orconectes virilis and Orconectes immunis at either 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 C and measured weight gain and survival over a 21 day period. Orconcctes immunis juveniles were larger than O. virilis at the third instar and gained weight more rapidly in this experimental system. Gains in weight and length for both species increased as temperature increased from 10 to 25 C. Both values were lower in crayfish reared at 30 C, though number of molts was the same in crayfish reared at 25 or 30 C. Thus, there appears to be a bioenergetic cost of rearing orconectid crayfishes in temperatures above 25 C. Further, incremental growth with successive molts was influenced by water temperature.
Prediction of electrodeposition rates from an impinging jet

A mathematical model and numerical algorithm are developed to predict electrode-position rates from a 2-D jet of electrolyte that impinges on a flat surface. The principal situations of interest are for applied voltages that produce current densities below the limiting current. The motion is assumed to be at high speed with the jet inducing a thin laminar boundary layer on the surface; a progressively thinner concentration layer and an electrochemical double layer near the surface are accounted for. Two cases, corresponding to a submerged and unsubmerged jet, are considered. A boundary integral method is used to compute the current density along the plate in a general iterative numerical procedure coupled to the solution of the hydrodynamic, concentration and electrochemical boundary layers. The results show that relatively high deposition rates occur near the point of impingement and that altering the jet angle relative to the surface influences local electrodeposition rates significantly.
Generalization of an inequality of Gronwall-Reid

On donne une nouvelle demonstration de l'inegalite de Gronwall-Reid, qui se prete facilement a une generalisation au cas ou la differentielle de Riemann «dt» est remplacee par une mesure positive
Role of SUMO/Ubc9 in DNA Damage Repair and Tumorigenesis

DNA damage repair is an important cell function for genome integrity and its deregulation can lead to genomic instability and development of malignancies. Sumoylation is an increasingly important ubiquitin-like modification of proteins affecting protein stability, enzymatic activity, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, and protein-protein interactions. In particular, several important DNA repair enzymes are subject to sumoylation, which appears to play a role in copping with DNA damage insults. Recent reports indicate that Ubc9, the single SUMO E2 enzyme catalyzing the conjugation of SUMO to target proteins, is overexpressed in certain tumors, such as lung adenocarcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and melanoma, suggestive of its clinic significance. This review summarizes the most important DNA damage repair pathways which are potentially affected by Ubc9/SUMO and their role in regulating the function of several proteins involved in the DNA damage repair machinery.
Photodynamic treatment in a rabbit model of glaucoma surgery.

. Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of postoperative verteporfin photodynamic treatment as an adjunct to glaucoma experimental filtration surgery in rabbits. Methods: Dutch belted (n = 15) rabbits underwent full thickness sclerectomy in one eye. The experimental group (group 1, n = 7) underwent i.v. injection of verteporfin and subsequent photoactivation at the operative site on postoperative day 1 (POD 1). Control groups of animals received either light exposure (group 2, n = 4) or verteporfin (group 3, n = 2), or no intervention (group 4, n = 2). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured prior to the procedure (POD 0) and daily thereafter for the first week after sclerectomy (PODs 1−7) and every other day for the second week (PODs 9, 11, 13, 15). Percentage IOP reductions of operated over contralateral control eyes were compared among the various groups. Success rates (percentage IOP reduction > 15%) were also compared between the experimental and control groups. Eyes were histologically examined for evaluation of fibrosis. Results: Rabbits in the experimental group (group 1) had a mean ± SEM percentage IOP reduction of 25 ± 3% during the follow-up period. In contrast, groups 2, 3 and 4 had IOP reductions of 4 ± 5%, 12 ± 7% and 4 ± 6%, respectively (p < 0.005, anova among all four groups). Successful IOP reduction (≥ 15%) over the contralateral eye at POD 15 was achieved in six of seven experimental animals, but only in one of eight control animals (p < 0.02, chi-squared test). Bleb failure occurred significantly earlier in the control eyes compared with eyes receiving PDT (p < 0.003, log rank test). Blebs in the experimental group differed from those in the control groups histologically, lacking significant collagen deposition in the area of the sclerostomy. Conclusions: Wound healing in glaucoma surgery may be successfully modulated postoperatively using photodynamic therapy with i.v. administered photosensitizer.
Vasospasm as a cause for claudication in athletes with external iliac artery endofibrosis

Background Exercise-induced external iliac artery endofibrosis (EIAE) is rare and has been described primarily in endurance male cyclists. Clinically, it presents as claudication during maximal exercise with quick resolution after exercise. Most patients have fibrotic changes within the external iliac artery (EIA). We describe our experience with EIAE and propose a hypothesis for the mechanism involved in the associated claudication. Methods This was a retrospective review of athletes who presented with symptomatic EIAE requiring operative repair between 2001 and 2010. Data collected included demographic information, initial presentation, type of exercise, repair, and long-term outcome. Diagnostic studies consisted of duplex evaluation, modified exercise treadmill test, and angiography. Results Eight women, presented with symptomatic EIAE. Two had bilateral EIAE. All were endurance athletes (three cyclists, one runner, and four were cyclists and runners). Median age at presentation was 42.5 years (range, 39-60 years). Median duration of symptoms was 5.5 years (range, 2-15 years). Diagnosis was confirmed with an exercise treadmill test modified to accommodate these patients' high level of conditioning and unmask the claudication. In the most recent two patients, marked EIA vasospasm was noted after exercise by duplex scanning. All patients were treated with EIA vein patch angioplasty. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 10 years. All had a normal result on the modified exercise treadmill test and resumed their athletic activities postoperatively. Conclusions This series highlights a possible mechanism to explain the claudication associated with EIAE. Vasospasm may be more important than wall thickening for the reduction of blood flow during extreme exercise in affected athletes. Routine duplex ultrasound imaging to measure EIA diameter and flow velocities before and after maximal exercise is needed to confirm this phenomenon.
Fast Fluorescence Laser Tracking Microrheometry, II: Quantitative Studies of Cytoskeletal Mechanotransduction

Fluorescence laser tracking microrheometry (FLTM) is what we believe to be a novel method able to assess the local, frequency-dependent mechanical properties of living cells with nanometer spatial sensitivity at speeds up to 50 kHz. In an earlier article, we described the design, development, and optimization phases of the FLTM before reporting its performances in a variety of viscoelastic materials. In the work presented here, we demonstrate the suitability of FLTM to study local cellular rheology and obtain values for the storage and loss moduli G′(ω) and G″(ω) of fibroblasts consistent with past literature. We further establish that chemically induced cytoskeletal disruption is accompanied by reduced cellular stiffness and viscosity. Next, we provide a systematic study of some experimental variables that may critically influence microrheology measurements. First, we interrogate and justify the relevance of bead endocytosis as a method of cellular internalization of 1-μm probes in FLTM. Second, we show that as sample temperature increases, FLTM findings are elevated toward higher frequencies. Third, we confirm that relevant bead sizes (1 and 2 μm) have no effect on FLTM measurements. Fourth, we report the lack of influence of bead coatings (antiintegrin, antitransferrin, antidystroglycan, or uncoated tracers were surveyed) on their rheological readouts. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of FLTM in studying how substratum rigidity regulates cellular rheological properties. Interestingly, multiple, coupled strain relaxation mechanisms can be observed separated by two plateau moduli. Although these observations can be partly explained by rheological theories describing entangled actin filaments, there is a clear need to extend existing microrheology models to the cytoskeleton, including potentially important factors such as network geometry and remodeling.
Migrants’ Voices Negotiating Autonomy in Santa Cruz

The regional autonomy movement based in Santa Cruz draws on long-standing regional divisions, and it has solidified amid the breakdown of the elite-led political party system and the national election of Evo Morales and the Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement Toward Socialism—MAS). Critics and national government supporters view regional autonomy as a defensive stance taken by elites against the redistributive policies, expansion of indigenous sovereignty, and widening popular democracy under the MAS. But lowland regional leaders and elites have begun to present autonomy as inclusive and popular in order to broaden support and challenge the Morales government. Largely removed from debates over autonomy are migrants to the rapidly urbanizing city of Santa Cruz who in many cases experience uneven integration into host communities. Despite the autonomists’ efforts at fostering inclusion and popular buy-in, highland migrants’ support for autonomy is weak, while lowland migrants generally favor autonomy and skilled highlanders—more integrated into Santa Cruz—tend to support it conditionally. Migrants of all three groups perceive class disparities within the city to be as salient as regional and ethnic divisions.
Theory of Bound-State Beta Decay

The theory of beta-decay processes in which an electron is created in a bound atomic state is developed in the allowed approximation. The correlations and total decay rate are calculated with the renormalized $V\ensuremath{-}A$ theory and the results are valid for atoms of arbitrary electronic configuration. The relative probability of bound-state to continuum-state decay is shown to be independent of nuclear matrix elements; some bound-state decay rates are presented that were calculated by making use of this fact. The possibility of experimentally detecting bound-state decay is also briefly examined. The beta decay of nuclei in stellar interiors is discussed and a number of examples are presented for which bound-state decay is more likely than continuum-state decay under the conditions that obtain in stellar interiors.
Blood on the coal: the effect of organizational size and differentiation on coal mine accidents.

Abstract Introduction Each year, there are at least 100,000,000 occupational accidents and 100,000 occupational deaths in the world. In the United States, one of the safest countries in the world in which to work, there were more than 5,400 workplace fatalities and 5.9 million workplace injuries in 2007. The cost to American industry and taxpayers is estimated to be at least $170 billion per year. Further, as illustrated by accidents such as Three Mile Island and Bhopal, industrial accidents potentially impact a much wider sphere than that of the injured worker and his or her employer. As the repercussions of organizational accidents reverberate through organizations and are felt from human resources to accounting, firms are beginning to incorporate messages of safety in their missions and strategies. As firms organize to achieve safer work environments, they are faced with decisions on how to structure their activities in terms of, among other things, size and differentiation. Method This paper explores the impact on accident rates of size and differentiation at the corporate and mine levels of mining companies in an effort to create a framework for thinking about organizational accidents from a structural perspective. Results The results suggest that larger mines are safer than smaller mines, and that mines with less task diversity are safer than mines with greater task diversity. The results also suggest that at the corporate level, task diversity decreases mine accidents. These results may help mining executives and engineers structure their corporate activities and individual mines more effectively to help reduce accidents.
Chlamydia trachomatis Polymorphic Membrane Protein D Is a Virulence Factor Involved in Early Host-Cell Interactions

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular mucosotropic pathogen of significant medical importance. It is the etiological agent of blinding trachoma and bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, infections that afflict hundreds of millions of people globally. The C. trachomatis polymorphic membrane protein D (PmpD) is a highly conserved autotransporter and the target of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies; however, its role in host-pathogen interactions is unknown. Here we employed a targeted reverse genetics approach to generate a pmpD null mutant that was used to define the role of PmpD in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection. We show that pmpD is not an essential chlamydial gene and the pmpD null mutant has no detectable deficiency in cultured murine cells or in a murine mucosal infection model. Notably, however, the pmpD null mutant was significantly attenuated for macaque eyes and cultured human cells. A reduction in pmpD null infection of human endocervical cells was associated with a deficiency in chlamydial attachment to cells. Collectively, our results show that PmpD is a chlamydial virulence factor that functions in early host-cell interactions. This study is the first of its kind using reverse genetics to evaluate the contribution of a C. trachomatis gene to disease pathogenesis.
Stability and Selectivity of Unnatural DNA with Five-Membered-Ring Nucleobase Analogues

In an effort to develop an orthogonal third base pair for the storage of genetic information, thiophene and furan heterocycles have been examined as nucleobase analogues. The stability of the unnatural bases was evaluated in duplex DNA paired opposite other unnatural bases as well as opposite the natural bases. Several unnatural base pairs are identified that are both reasonably stable and strongly selective against mispairing with native bases. These results expand the potential nucleobase analogues with which the genetic alphabet may be expanded to include five-membered-ring heterocycles.
Ohmic contacts to n-type GaN

Ohmic contacts to n-GaN using Ag, Au, TiN, Au/Ti, Au/Mo/Ti, and Au/Si/Ti have been studied. The Fermi level of GaN appears to be unpinned, and metals and compounds with work functions less than the electron affinity resulted in ohmic contacts. Reactively sputter deposited TiN was ohmic as deposited. However, Au/Ti, Au/Mo/Ti, and Au/Si/Ti required heat treatments to form ohmic contacts, with the best being an RTA at 900°C. Ag and Au were shown to diffuse across the GaN surface at T>500°C; therefore, they are unstable, poor ohmic contact metallizations as single metals. The other contact schemes were thermally stable up to 500°C for times of 30 min.
A performance bound of multistage combining networks

A bound on the delays in multistage combining networks is developed by considering an idealized combining under hot-spot traffic. It is concluded that multistage combining networks are stable, at least in theory, under hot-spot traffic. The author discusses some problems in achieving such stability in practice. >
Atrial natriuretic peptide stability.

Abstract Objective Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a key regulator in the homeostasis of water excretion and has emerged as an important prognostic marker for symptomatic chronic heart failure (CHF). The stability of ANP represents a crucial factor in assessing its use as a cardiac biomarker. Accordingly, we assessed the stability of ANP in blood samples collected from healthy controls and CHF subjects for a 12 month period. Methods Blood samples from 10 healthy controls and 12 symptomatic CHF subjects with left ventricular systolic dysfunction were drawn. Determination of plasma ANP was performed by a standardized radioimmunoassay protocol. Results The ANP levels of healthy subjects were 68.5 ± 11.6 pg/mL at baseline and 69.9 ± 17.2 pg/mL at 12 months ( p = 0.71). The ANP concentrations of CHF subjects were 199.25 ± 44.8 pg/mL at baseline and 197.83 ± 47.4 pg/mL at 12 months ( p = 0.70) respectively. Conclusion ANP is a stable molecule with no evidence of degradation when stored at − 80 °C.
Examination of the preclinical antinociceptive efficacy of buprenorphine and its designation as full- or partial-agonist

Summary The terminology used to characterize agonist action in preclinical studies requires careful application based on fundamental concepts of receptor theory. Especially important in this regard are the terms ‘intrinsic activity’, ‘efficacy’ and ‘full-’ or ‘partial-’ agonist. Failure to apply or interpret these terms properly can lead to erroneous prediction or perception of a compound's clinical utility. This is illustrated here in reporting our recent antinociceptive studies with buprenorphine. Buprenorphine has been classified in some preclinical studies as a ‘partial agonist’, but there is now clear evidence using PET technology that buprenorphine can produce analgesia at less than full receptor occupancy, the definition of a ‘full agonist’, and that its analgesic effectiveness extends to cancer and neuropathic pain. We measured buprenorphine-induced antinociceptive time-course and dose-response curves in the same test (tail-dip/flick in mice) at three stimulus intensities: 48, 55, and 65 °C. Buprenorphine antinociception was inversely related to stimulus intensity, producing 100% antinociception at 48 °C. The dose-response curve was curvilinear (bell-shaped) at each temperature. The current results demonstrate the necessity of defining threshold criteria with the use of the term ‘full agonist’ and, more generally, highlight the importance of careful and accurate use of, and predictions based upon, the terms ‘intrinsic activity’, ‘efficacy’, and ‘full-’ or ‘partial-’ agonist.
A hybrid system for SPC concurrent pattern recognition

Any nonrandom patterns shown in Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts imply possible assignable causes that may deteriorate the process performance. Hence, timely detecting and recognizing Control Chart Patterns (CCPs) for nonrandomness is very important in the implementation of SPC. Due to the limitations of run-rule-based approaches, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been resorted for detecting CCPs. However, most of the reported ANN approaches are only limited to recognize single basic patterns. Different from these approaches, this paper presents a hybrid approach by integrating wavelet method with ANNs for on-line recognition of CCPs including concurrent patterns. The main advantage of this approach is its capability of recognizing coexisted or concurrent patterns without training by concurrent patterns. The test results using simulated data have demonstrated the improvements and the effectiveness of the methodology with a success rate up to 91.41% in concurrent CCP recognition.
Effect of pair-bonding with adults on the ontogenetic manifestation of aggressive behavior in a primate, Saguinus fuscicollis

Injurious aggression, scent marking and some visual displays shown in situations analogous to territorial defense were studied in young saddleback tamarins who had lived with nonrelated adult and juvenile social partners from 6 months of age under the experimental conditions outlined below. Twenty male and 20 female tamarins were removed from their natal families when 6 months old, and were used to form pairs and trios of the following composition: (1) one juvenile female and one juvenile male (10 pairs); (2) one juvenile female and one adult male (4 pairs); (3) one juvenile female, one juvenile male, and one adult male (6 trios); (4) one adult female and one juvenile male (4 pairs). These groups cohabited permanently and when the subjects were between 10 and 12 months old, their social interactions with adult conspecific strangers were studied, using series of 10-min social encounter tests. During these tests injurious aggression (attacks, fights, chases), a number of visual hostile displays (threat face, ruffle, arch) and scent marking were recorded.
Increases in magnetic hyperfine field at the surface of ultra‐thin epitaxial Fe films (invited)

Previous investigations of ultra‐thin epitaxial Fe (110) films grown on Ag (111) have indicated that there is a measurable increase at 4.2 K in the magnetic hyperfine field compared with bulk value in iron atoms in the first three surface layers of the films. As these films were produced in ultra‐vacuum and then removed for study by transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy it was necessary to provide a protective overcoat to prevent oxidation of the surface. Because of this it was not possible to rule out interaction of the Fe surface with the overcoat layers as a cause of the increased surface hyperfine field. A series of new films have been made of isotopically pure 56Fe. A thin probe layer of 57Fe ranging in thickness from 4–10 A was then deposited on the film surface and a variety of different overcoat layers subsequently chosen to protect these films. Overcoating materials included Ag, Au, Cu, Ge, MnF2, and NaCl. While there were differences in the hyperfine fields and isomer shifts of the 57Fe probe laye...
Sorption of Organic Carbon Fractions by Spodosol Mineral Horizons

Mobility of organic matter (OM) in soils is restricted by sorption to mineral surfaces. We investigated the sorption of hydrophilic and hydrophobic OM fractions on mineral soils of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire. Organic matter was extracted with 0.1 M NaOH from O- and Bh-horizons, fractionated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions, and characterized by 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sorption experiments were conducted with E, Bh, Bsl, Bs2, and C horizon soils at suspension pH of 3, 4, and 5. In all horizons, we observed net release of indigenous OM when OM-free solution was added. Net release of OM was greatest from Bh-horizon soils, which had the greatest OM content among the horizons we studied. The OM in the equilibrium solutions was primarily hydrophilic (65-97%) regardless of the fraction added. Sorption behavior was related to the content of carboxylic functional groups in the added solution. Hydrophobic OM had greater affinity to soils than hydrophilic OM, and Bh-horizon OM exhibited greater sorption than O-horizon OM. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 4, and decreased with either an increase or decrease in pH. The pH-dependence of OM sorption probably reflects a balance between lower charge density of carboxyl groups at low pH and lower positive charge of adsorption sites at higher pH. The hydrophilic fraction contained higher organic N than the hydrophobic fraction, suggesting that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is more mobile than dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in these soils.
Successful isolation of viable adipose-derived stem cells from human adipose tissue subject to long-term cryopreservation: positive implications for adult stem cell-based therapeutics in patients of advanced age.

We examined cell isolation, viability, and growth in adipose-derived stem cells harvested from whole adipose tissue subject to different cryopreservation lengths (2–1159 days) from patients of varying ages (26–62 years). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was excised during abdominoplasties and was cryopreserved. The viability and number of adipose-derived stem cells isolated were measured after initial isolation and after 9, 18, and 28 days of growth. Data were analyzed with respect to cryopreservation duration and patient age. Significantly more viable cells were initially isolated from tissue cryopreserved 2 years, irrespective of patient age. However, this difference did not persist with continued growth and there were no significant differences in cell viability or growth at subsequent time points with respect to cryopreservation duration or patient age. Mesenchymal stem cell markers were maintained in all cohorts tested throughout the duration of the study. Consequently, longer cryopreservation negatively impacts initial live adipose-derived stem cell isolation; however, this effect is neutralized with continued cell growth. Patient age does not significantly impact stem cell isolation, viability, or growth. Cryopreservation of adipose tissue is an effective long-term banking method for isolation of adipose-derived stem cells in patients of varying ages.
A Comparison of Predator Populations in Cotton Under Different Control Programs in Mississippi

Studies were conducted during 1964 and 1965 in the Delta area of Mississippi to determine effects of various insecticides on predator populations subjected to 2 pest-control programs: a season-long complete chemical control program with insecticide applications on an automatic 7-day schedule and a program with early- and late-season applications applied as needed to control cotton pests. Predators that occurred in greatest abundance were recorded. Lady beetles, Nabis and Geocoris species were the dominant predators in early season and spiders, 90% of which were the striped lynx, Oxyopes salticua Hentz, became dominant in mid- and late-season. Predators could tolerate low-dosage early-season applications in the complete chemical control program, but populations were decidely reduced after 2 insecticide applications to control plant bugs. Toxaphene was more toxic to Nabis species and spiders than the other materials used. All predators were much more affected by the mixture of toxaphene and DDT than by toxaphene alone. Spiders were able to withstand phosphate and carbamate materials much better than chlorinated hydrocarbons, with the exception of azinphosmethyl, which appeared to affect them more than endrin. Nabis species were affected less by azinphosmethyl than by the other materials used. Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) and Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N,N -dimethyl-ciscroton amide dimethyl phosphate) were more toxic to predaceous species than trichlorfon and phosphamidon in the program with applications applied as needed. Applications of all insecticides at the mid- and late-season rates almost completely eliminated the predators. Cotton-pest species were adequately controlled with both programs and predaceous insects were conserved by applying insecticides only as needed to control pest species.
Effects of vasopressin and long pulse-low frequency gastric electrical stimulation on gastric emptying, gastric and intestinal myoelectrical activity and symptoms in dogs

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vasopressin and long pulse–low frequency gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on gastric emptying, gastric and intestinal myoelectrical activity and symptoms in dogs. The study was performed in eight healthy female dogs implanted with four pairs of gastric serosal electrodes and two pairs of small bowel serosal electrodes, and a duodenal fistula for the assessment of gastric emptying. Each dog was studied in three sessions on three separate days in a randomized order with recordings of gastric and small bowel slow waves. Each study session consisted of 30-min baseline, 30-min stimulation and 30-min recovery period. In sessions 1 and 2, infusion of either saline or vasopressin (0.75 U kg−1 in 30 mL saline instilled in 30 min) was given during the second 30-min period. The protocol of session 3 was the same as session 2 except long pulse–low frequency GES was performed during the second 30-min period. It was found that: (i) Vasopressin significantly delayed gastric emptying 30 and 45 min after meal and GES did not improve the vasopressin induced delayed gastric emptying; (ii) Vasopressin induced gastric dysrhythmias and GES significantly improved vasopressin induced gastric dysrhythmia; (iii) Vasopressin also induced intestinal slow wave abnormalities but GES had no effect on vasopressin induced small bowel dysrhythmia; (iv) Vasopressin induced symptoms and behaviours suggestive of nausea that were not improved by GES. We conclude that: (i) Vasopressin delays gastric emptying and induces gastric and small bowel dysrhythmias and symptoms in the fed state, and (ii) long pulse–low frequency GES normalizes vasopressin induced gastric dysrhythmia with no improvement in gastric emptying or symptoms.
The good guys and bad guys in natural resource politics: Content and structure of perceptions of interests among general and attentive publics

Abstract The political battleground for contesting environmental and natural resource policies can be thought of quite usefully as entailing a mixture of cloistered group politics and direct citizen action. The strong federal mandate for citizen involvement in natural resource policy making of recent heritage, bolstered by American political traditions of citizen activism and easy access to the ballot and political candidacy, make public perceptions of the policy process and its major participants significant phenomena for understanding the dynamics of public policy formation. This article analyzes the content and structure of public perceptions of relevant environmental interests (e.g., environmentalists, developers, timber companies, recreationists, farmers, etc.). The focus of attention is the question of the degree of preferred influence to be accorded each group, with particular attention given to the patterns of relationship to be found among these groups. The findings reported indicate the importance of distinguishing between the “general public” and the “attentive public” in seeking to understand how public input into the natural resource policy-making process is likely to influence the direction of governmental affairs.
The effects of fluctuations and nonuniformities on line-reversal temperature measurements

Abstract An analysis of line-reversal temperature measurements in the presence of fluctuations and nonuniformities is presented. The theory provides a method for the measurement of mean temperatures and temperature fluctuation intensities in certain combustion flows. Experiments with controlled and random fluctuations are interpreted by means of the analysis.
High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas: A Clinicopathologic Study of a Group of Tumors With Heterogenous Morphologic and Genetic Features

The existence of a "high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma" category of tumors has been a controversial subject owing to, among other things, the difficulty in establishing consistent diagnostic criteria. Currently, the recommended classification for such tumors is undifferentiated uterine/endometrial sarcoma. Interest in this subject has recently increased markedly with the identification of recurrent molecular genetic abnormalities. At Mayo Clinic, a group of neoplasms has been observed that morphologically resemble, either cytologically or architecturally, classic "low-grade" endometrial stromal sarcoma but feature obvious deviations, specifically, 17 tumors with unequivocally high-grade morphology. These high-grade tumors displayed 3 morphologic themes: (1) tumors with a component that is identical to low-grade ESS that transitions abruptly into an obviously higher-grade component; (2) tumors composed exclusively of high-grade cells with uniform nuclear features but with a permeative pattern of infiltration; (3) tumors similar to the second group but with a different, yet characteristic, cytomorphology featuring enlarged round to ovoid cells (larger than those found in low-grade ESS) with smooth nuclear membranes and distinct chromatin clearing but lacking prominent nucleoli. We collected clinicopathologic data, applied immunohistochemical studies, and also tested tumors by fluorescence in situ hybridization for abnormalities in JAZF1, PHF1, YWHAE, and CCND1. Tumors from these 3 groups were found to be immunohistochemically and genetically distinct from one another. Most notable was the fact that category 3 contained all the cases that tested positive for YWHAE rearrangement, did not show any classic translocations for JAZF1, PHF1, or CCND1, often presented at a high stage, and behaved aggressively. This study demonstrates the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic heterogeneity that exists within "undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas" as currently defined and lends credence to the effort of subclassifying some tumors as truly "high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas." Our study also shows that, in the context of undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas, recognition of cytomorphologic features on routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections may be used to select tumors with specific molecular genetic changes-that is, translocations involving YWHAE. Our conclusions will help further efforts towards proper sub-classification of these tumors which will aid in diagnosis and potentially affect clinical management.
Ferroelectric behaviours dominated by mobile and randomly quenched impurities in modified lead zirconatetitanate ceramics

Abstract A comparative study of the influence of both mobile and randomly quenched impurities and their associated defect complexes on ferroelectric phase transformations in lead zirconate titanate ceramics has been performed by dielectric spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These investigations have shown a strong dependence of the structure-property relations on the mobility of impurities and/or defect complexes in the temperature range near and below the phase transformation. Impurities-defects which are mobile until temperatures below the transformation are believed to preferentially locate near domain boundaries, resulting in polarization pinning. For these compositions, no evidence of relaxor ferroelectric behaviour was observed. However, for the compositions whose impurities-defects were essentially immobile from temperatures above the ferroelectric phase transformation, relaxor behaviour and polar nanodomains were found. Studies of the influence of electrical and thermal histories o...
The Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Sperm Proteome

Mass spectrometry based proteomics has facilitated sperm composition studies in several mammalian species but no studies have been undertaken in non-human primate species. Here we report the analysis of the 1247 proteins that comprise the Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) sperm proteome (termed the MacSP). Comparative analysis with previously characterized mouse and human sperm proteomes reveals substantial levels of orthology (47% and 40% respectively) and widespread overlap of functional categories based on Gene Ontology analyses. Approximately 10% of macaque sperm genes (113/1247) are significantly under-expressed in the testis as compared with other tissues, which may reflect proteins specifically acquired during epididymal maturation. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses of three MacSP ADAMs (A-Disintegrin and Metalloprotease proteins), ADAM18-, 20- and 21-like, provides empirical support for sperm genes functioning in non-human primate taxa which have been subsequently lost in the lineages leading to humans. The MacSP contains proteasome proteins of the 20S core subunit, the 19S proteasome activator complex and an alternate proteasome activator PA200, raising the possibility that proteasome activity is present in mature sperm. Robust empirical characterization of the Rhesus sperm proteome should greatly expand the possibility for targeted molecular studies of spermatogenesis and fertilization in a commonly used model species for human infertility.