cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of odor qualification of solvents used in coating compositions

A review of the literature regarding human odor perception reveals significant variation in the threshold limit value. This is especially true with solvents used in coating compositions. Therefore, in order to more accurately determine threshold concentrations, a series of experiments were run using the Devlin olfactometer. Nineteen solvents were evaluated. Solvents were rated using Steven’s Law parameters K, which gives an indication of odor magnitude potential, and n, which characterizes the effects of dilution. In addition, equations were established from which the minimum solvent concentration for human odor detection could be calculated.
Tobacco Industry Marketing, Population-Based Tobacco Control, and Smoking Behavior

Two of the major influences of cigarette smoking behavior are tobacco industry marketing and public health tobacco-control activities. These vie with each other to influence the proportion of each generation who initiate smoking, the intensity level reached by smokers, and the time before smokers are able to quit successfully. This article provides a brief summary of the evidence associating tobacco marketing practices (organized under the four "Ps" of marketing), with smoking behavior. The evidence for causality in this association is considered convincing. Publicly funded, comprehensive, statewide tobacco-control programs were introduced into the United States in the late 1980s, with money either from tobacco taxes or from legal settlements of states with the tobacco industry. These programs use organized statewide approaches to implement current recommendations on "best practices" to discourage tobacco use, recommendations that have changed over time. During the 1990s, "best practices" evolved to include protection against secondhand smoke, sale of cigarettes to minors, and restrictions on tobacco advertising. Evaluations have been published on four statewide tobacco-control programs (Sydney/Melbourne, California, Massachusetts, and Florida) and a national program aimed at youth (American Legacy Program). For each program, there was a positive association with reduced smoking. The evidence supporting the conclusion that tobacco-control programs reduce smoking behavior is evaluated as strong.
Loss and bereavement groups in the treatment of recovering addicts

Abstract Resolving issues of loss and bereavement can often help to facilitate and maintain change in the course of recovery from addictions. Groups focused on these issues aid the individual in making sense of their experiences, especially in the context of chaotic addictive life-styles. The function of such groups is to allow recovering addicts to recognize the meanings of the deceased person and the impact of those deaths. In this way, they help in the identification of purpose and meaning for the remainder of their recoveries. A structure for such groups is described and illustrated with case examples.
Antibody production in cultured lymphoblastoid cell line.

Ein humaner Lymphoblastoiden-Zellstamm P3-J einer an Burkitt-Lymphoma Erkrankten wurde mit entsprechendenE.-coli-Bakterien eines Stammes RPMI Nr. 41 zusammen exponiert. Es muss angenommen werden, dass die Zellen vom Stamm P3-J Antikorper gegenE. coli oder RPMI Nr. 41 gebildet haben.
CAPITAL GAINS AND SOCIAL INCOME

The seminal work on concepts of income implicitly assumed given expectations, thereby excluding all capital revaluations (gains and losses) from consideration. This became codified in national accounting systems and rationalized by arbitrary conventions. In a changing economy this exclusion is shown to warp the income stream, resulting in a theoretically inconsistent concept that arbitrarily mixes current and past relative prices (and hence expectations). A theoretically grounded concept is proposed that includes current accrued real capital gains and losses. It is also shown that replacement cost (or market value) depreciation is valid only if capital revaluations have been included in income.
An Analysis of the NCYFS II Modified Pull-up Test

The findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. To obtain a reliable pull-up score for male subjects, it is necessary to administer the test on two days and use the mean of the two scores. For female subjects, a reliable score may be obtained by administering the test once. 2. The test scores are weight-dependent for both sexes, but particularly for the older females. 3. The test is far superior to the pull-up and flexed-arm hang tests in regard to the zero-score problem. Zero scores are virtually eliminated with the modified pull-up test. In conclusion, the NCYFS II Modified Pull-up Test has two weaknesses--reliability for male subjects and weight dependency. The test, however, seems to be less weight dependent than the pull-ups or flexed-arm hang tests and virtually eliminates the zero-score problem. It therefore seems to be the most desirable of the tests of upper body strength currently in use. Further research regarding the validity of the test is recommended.
Electrical, Morphological, and Ultrastructural Remodeling and Reverse Remodeling in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

Background—In patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), vulnerability to AF persists indefinitely despite presumed completion of reverse electrical remodeling within days of return to normal sinus rhythm. Atrial electrical and anatomic remodeling and reverse remodeling were studied in a canine model of chronic AF. Methods and Results—Chronic AF was induced in 8 dogs by creating moderate mitral regurgitation and rapidly pacing the right atrium at 640 bpm for >8 weeks. Measurements performed at baseline, after establishment of chronic AF, and then at 4 hours and again at 7 to 14 days after cardioversion to sinus rhythm included atrial effective refractory periods, AF cycle lengths, left atrial dimensions, premature atrial contraction (PAC) frequency, and atrial vulnerability to atrial extrastimuli. After establishing chronic AF, atrial effective refractory period shortening, increases in spontaneous PAC frequency, increases in left atrial size with loss of contractility, and multiple ultr...
Gender Depictions of the Professionally Employed: A Content Analysis of Trade Publications, 1960–1990

Visual gender depictions in six trade publications are examined in decennial years from 1960 through 1990 to assess whether greater female participation in professional occupations and editorial staffs has helped reduce gender stereotyping of professional women. Greater relative numbers of women in the occupation over time and an increasing share of female editors result in more favorable portrayals of women as professional, confident, independent, and attractive. Although the positive portrayal of women by male-dominated professional journals increased over the last four decades, more male-oriented professional publications still display women less favorably than occurs in female-dominant trade journals. Separate analyses by visual type reveal that women are depicted in a less positive manner across advertisements than other visuals, probably because women have less control of ad content. Findings indicate the importance of agents who control visual depictions for the maintenance or reduction of gender s...
Oxygen-coverage effects on molecular dissociations at a Pt metal surface.

The effects of adsorbate coverage on catalytic surface reactions are not well understood. Here, we contrast the rates of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ dissociations, two competing reactions in NO oxidation catalysis, versus oxygen coverage at a Pt(111) surface. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments show that the ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ dissociation rate is less sensitive to O coverage than is ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. Density-functional theory simulations reveal an ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ reaction pathway that is more adaptable to an increasingly crowded surface than is ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ dissociation. While the rates are comparable at low coverage, ${\mathrm{NO}}_{2}$ dissociation is many orders of magnitude faster at O coverages typical of NO oxidation catalysis.
In vitro percutaneous penetration: evaluation of the utility of hairless mouse skin.

Abstract The permeability barrier of hairless mouse skin has been determined in vitro after exposure of the epidermal surface to volumes of acetone typically used in human in vivo skin penetration studies. It has been shown that the transport of tritiated water (when applied for limited 5-h periods) across hairless mouse skin is not affected by acetone treatments of approximately 15 μl/cm 2 . Submersion of the membranes between aqueous donor and receptor phases for periods greater than 24 h, however, leads to significant and catastrophic barrier impairment. The acetone dose in the experiments reported is greater than that employed in vivo when the solvent is used to deposit a penetrant on human skin. We suggest, therefore, that acetone-mediated facilitation of percutaneous absorption in humans is unlikely. A further conclusion of this work is that in vitro solvent-deposition penetration experiments using hairless mouse skin should provide reliable transport information for at least 48 h postadministration. Although hairless mouse skin is more permeable than its human counterpart, in vitro measurements using the murine barrier should, therefore, provide useful and relevant guidelines for risk assessment calculations and bioavailability determinations.
Mutator phenotypes due to DNA replication infidelity

This article considers the fidelity of DNA replication performed by eukaryotic DNA polymerases involved in replicating the nuclear genome. DNA replication fidelity can vary widely depending on the DNA polymerase, the composition of the error, the flanking sequence, the presence of DNA damage and the ability to correct errors. As a consequence, defects in processes that determine DNA replication fidelity can confer strong mutator phenotypes whose specificity can help determine the molecular nature of the defect.
A Mechanistic Comparison between Cytochrome P450- and Chloroperoxidase-Catalyzed N-Dealkylation of N,N-Dialkyl Anilines

Most peroxidases use histidine as an axial ligand for heme, while chloroperoxidase (CPO) uses a thiolate, which is similar to the ligand employed by cytochrome P450 (P450). Several studies have also shown that, unlike other peroxidases, CPO is capable of carrying out monooxygenation reactions in a similar manner to P450 in addition to typical peroxidase-like reactions. These observations have been attributed to the similarities of the active-site architecture of the two enzymes. Both enzymes have been shown to efficiently catalyze the oxidative N-dealkylation of amines. The similar magnitudes of the kinetic isotope effects determined for P450- and CPO-catalyzed N-dealkylation of N,N-dimethylaniline have been used to propose that these reactions proceed through similar mechanisms. In this study, we have examined the mechanism of CPO-catalyzed N-dealkylation using a series of radical probes, 4-chloro-N-cyclopropyl-N-alkylanilines 1–3, which we have recently used in the mechanistic studies of P450, and compared the results with those of P450-catalyzed reactions. The results show that P450- and CPO-catalyzed reactions proceed through distinctly different mechanisms. As previously reported, while P450-catalyzed reactions appear to proceed through a Cα-hydrogen abstraction mechanism, CPO-catalyzed reactions proceed through a single electron/proton transfer (SET/H+) mechanism, similar to reactions catalyzed by Horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Thus, CPO may not be a good mechanistic model for P450-catalyzed N-dealkylations.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The CDM protein DOCK2 in lymphocyte migration

T and B lymphocytes migrate hundreds of micrometers each day to survey the body's lymphoid tissues for antigens. No other mammalian cell type undergoes such extensive and continual movement, raising the question of whether lymphocytes have specializations to support their migratory behavior. This possibility has recently gained support from studies of mice deficient in DOCK2, a member of the Caenorhabditis elegans Ced-5, mammalian DOCK180 and Drosophila melanogaster myoblast city (CDM) family of scaffolding proteins. Migration of lymphocytes, but not other cell types, is severely disrupted in DOCK2-deficient mice. Despite the conserved role of CDM molecules in regulating Rac activation and actin assembly, relatively little is known about how these molecules function. Here, we review the role of DOCK2 in lymphocyte homing to lymphoid tissues and discuss recent findings for other CDM family molecules that provide a basis for understanding how DOCK2 might function in lymphocytes.
Pulsed NMR studies of superfluid3He

We present a review of our pulsed NMR experiments in the A and B phases of superfluid3He, at pressures of 23 and 27 bar. We have measured the dipole frequency in3He-A, spin susceptibility in3He-B, and tip-angle-dependent frequency shifts in both phases. In general, we find excellent agreement with results by other workers. In3He-B, complex spin motions were observed involving long-lived free induction decays with a time-dependent precession frequency. Spin relaxation measurements for both3He-A and3He-B are discussed and compared with those of other workers. After driving the magnetization far from equilibrium, anomalous frequency shifts were found to persist in the A phase. We discuss a soliton-texture model by Bruinsma and Maki which accounts for these resonances.
Coli-Meningitis in a Newborn Infant: Report of a Case Treated With Streptomycin and a Study of the Formation of Antibodies

Summary A report is given of a case of acute meningitis and an abscess in the left upper arm caused in a newborn girl by coli bacteria. The antibody formation was studied. The infant was treated successfully with streptomycin. Resume Coli-meningite chez un nouveau-ne Rapport est fait d'un cas de meningite aigue et d'un abces du bras gauche, causes par le colibacille chez un nouveau-ne de sexe feminin. La formation d'anticorps fut etudiee. L'enfant fut traitee avec succes par la streptomycine. Zusammenfassung Coli-Meningitis bei einem neugeborenen Kind Ein Bericht liegt vor uber einen Fall akuter Meningitis und einem Abszess am linken Oberarm, verursacht durch den Bacillus coli bei einem neugeborenen Madchen. Die Bildung von Antikorpern wurde untersucht. Das Kind wurde erfolgreich mit Streptomycin behandelt. Sumario Meningitis a coli en un recien nacido Se describe un caso de meningitis aguda con un absceso en el brazo izquierdo en una nina recien nacida, producido por el bacilo Coli. Se estudio la formacion de anticuerpos. El nino fue tratado con estreptomicina con buenos resultados.
Role of the Chlorophyll Dimer in Bacterial Photosynthesis

Abstract The role of a special dimer (D) of bacteriochlorophyll molecules in bacterial photosynthesis was examined by calculations of the rates of electron transfer reactions in a system of the dimer and a bacteriopheophytin (BPh) molecule. It was found that the dependence of the potential surfaces of D on the distance between the monomers allows a fast light-induced electron transfer from D to BPh but only a slow back reaction (reduction of D+ by BPh-). The same potential surfaces allow efficient reduction of D+ by cytochrome c. Possible advantages of greatly different values of the electronic matrix elements for the forward and back reactions are pointed out. It is suggested that the electrostatic interaction between D+ and an ionized group of the protein might play an important role in the photosynthetic reaction.
Expanding research on the role of alcohol consumption and related risks in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

This article is a review of some of the major epidemiological, behavioral, biological, and integrative prevention research issues and priorities in the area of HIV_AIDS and alcohol consumption. Drinking alcohol increases both the risk for infection with HIV and related illnesses and the morbidity and mortality of patients who progress to AIDS. New and improved measurement procedures have helped in assessment of the complex patterns of alcohol use, identification of intervening explanatory mechanisms for risk behaviors and contexts, and determination of intervention outcomes. Both the direct and indirect effects of alcohol misuse appear to be major contributors to both the risk for infection with HIV and the transmission of HIV_AIDS at the individual and population levels. There is increasing evidence that perhaps no level of alcohol consumption is “safe” for those who are HIV infected and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Interdisciplinary basic behavioral and biomedical research is needed to develop co...
Urinary Equol Excretion with a Soy Challenge: Influence of Habitual Diet:

AbstractEquol is an isoflavonoid phytoestrogen produced from the soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microflora. Not all humans produce equol from daidzein, presumably due to differences in colonic bact...
Disposal practices and management alternatives for CCA-treated wood waste

Limited information is available about the ultimate fate of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood waste upon disposal. This lack of information, coupled with concerns over potential environmental impacts, has prompted the current investigation, which focuses on establishing an inventory for this waste stream and identifying alternatives to current disposal practices. The state of Florida (USA) was utilized as a case study for this investigation. The results indicate that approximately 300 metric tonnes of the chemical were disposed of in Florida during 1996. By the year 2006 this figure will quadruple and by 2016 it will reach a value of 2700 metric tonnes. The majority of CCA-treated wood waste is processed through construction and demolition recycling facilities, resulting in a wood waste composition containing on average 6% CCA-treated wood. The primary market for wood waste in Florida is energy recovery and, as a consequence, the majority of CCA-treated wood waste is inadvertently burned for energy recovery purposes. Recommendations for handling this waste stream are discussed. Recommendations include options for waste minimization, reuse, recycling, and ultimate disposal.
Infrared frequency selective surfaces for sensor applications

We show design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization results for high-transmission broad-angle frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) in the mid-infrared. The single metal layer of a FSS allows its incorporation directly into focal plane array (FPA) designs, thus allowing direct integration of the filtering and polarizing properties of the FSS into sensors from single photodetectors to FPAs. In thin film filter designs the number of layers and film thicknesses may vary pixel-to-pixel, making fabrication difficult. In contrast, changes in spectral passband or polarization state are easily accomplished with changes to the FSS pattern. We have designed, fabricated, and tested FSSs of patterned gold on a GaAs substrate. Designs include single metal layers and a metal plus a dielectric layer. Design and modeling were performed using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). Further simulations were performed using a 3D Helmholtz code. All simulations account for the loss and dispersion of the metal at these wavelengths. FSSs with narrowband and broadband capabilities and for polarizing and non-polarizing applications were designed. We will show measured results of both reflection and transmission over a broad spectral (covering all of the mid and thermal infrared) and angular (near normal to near grazing) range. These measurements compare favorably with the modeled results.
Photoacceleration of Embryonic Development in Depigmented Japanese Quail Eggs

Pigmented and depigmented Japanese quail eggs were incubated either in the presence of a light source for one week or in the dark. Acceleration of embryonic development was apparent by the first day of incubation in the depigmented eggs exposed to light. Embryonic weights of eggs exposed to light were significantly (P less than .05) greater than eggs incubated in the dark by the fourth day of incubation. Air cell temperatures of depigmented eggs were significantly (P less than .05) lower than pigmented eggs by the fourth day of incubation when both groups of eggs were exposed to a light source. Thus photoacceleration appeared to be a real effect, and great enough to overcome the lower egg temperature at which these embryos developed. Embryos developing in lighted depigmented eggs can decrease the hatching time of other groups incubated with them.
Critical Reflective Analysis of Parse's and Newman's Research Methodologies:

Can knowledge generated through research data and in practice test the efficacy of research methods and, ultimately, expand theories? This question will be explored in the following presentation by a critical reflective analysis of the papers of Parse, Smith, and Mitchell represent ing the man-living-health research method developed by Parse (1987); and the process-as-content praxis methodology to study health as ex panded consciousness set forth by Newman (1986). Parse's ideas will be illuminated first, followed by Newman's, concluding with an interpretive synthesis of the issues associated with testing research methods and expanding theory in the post-positivist scientific era.
Physiological Factors Associated with Middle Distance Running Performance

Middle distance running involves popular race distances with performance dependent on a number of physiological factors. The physiological characteristics of successful runners are different from those of sprinters and long distance runners. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), running economy and the anaerobic threshold are variables that have been shown to limit performance during long distance running, and rapid velocity and anaerobic variables have been shown to limit performance during sprinting. Success with middle distance running is dependent on an integrative contribution from aerobic and anaerobic variables which allows a runner to maintain a rapid velocity during a race. The relative contributions of the 2 energy systems are functions of distance, intensity and the physiological abilities of the runner. Middle distance runners can be successful with physiological profiles that include a variety of aerobic and anaerobic capabilities, and this characteristic separates them from long distance runners.
Skill Requirements at Work: Rhetoric versus Reality.

The role of education in preparing the workforce is affected by the changing nature of work. The latter is typically described by a concept of skill requirements that is used to analyze jobs and wo...
Axially distributed sensing for three-dimensional imaging with unknown sensor positions

Recently, an axially distributed sensing system was proposed for three-dimensional (3D) imaging where the sensors are distributed along the optical axis. In this previously reported system, a priori knowledge of exact sensor positions was required for 3D image reconstruction. In this Letter, we present an axially distributed sensing with unknown sensor positions along the optical axis. In this system, only the relative positions of two sensors are needed, whereas all other sensor positions are assumed unknown. Experiments are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed system and illustrate the visual quality of reconstructed 3D images by using the proposed calibrated sensor positions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on axially distributed sensing with unknown sensor positions.
Bicyclist Performance on a Multiuse Trail

Bicyclist crossing time from a full stop was measured using video recording equipment at 16 diverse trail-roadway intersections (two to six lanes, stop or signal controlled, divided or undivided) of the Pinellas Trail in Pinellas County, Florida. A total of 442 bicyclists (single individuals or randomly selected individuals from a group) were timed. The cruising speed of 65 bicyclists was also determined. A linear regression model was fit to the time and crossing-distance data. A linear regression was also fit to eight 85th percentile crossing-time points that were calculated from grouped raw data. Using kinematic physics, in which bicycle acceleration and intersection crossing velocity are variables, a theoretical equation was derived to predict bicyclist crossing time for any distance. This derived equation is a linear function of distance, so the regression coefficients could then be used to estimate bicyclist crossing velocity and acceleration on the Pinellas Trail. These estimated values for bicyclis...
Primary amyloidosis of urethra

Abstract Primary amyloidosis is a rare disease. Only 10 cases of amyloid tumor of the urethra have been reported previously, with this being the eleventh case. Because of its rarity and because it simulates carcinoma, biopsy is essential for definitive diagnosis and treatment. The literature is reviewed, and symptomatology, pathology, and management are discussed.
Nitric oxide-mediated intestinal injury is required for alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver damage.

Background Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) requires endotoxemia and is commonly associated with intestinal barrier leakiness. Using monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells as an in vitro barrier model, we showed that ethanol-induced intestinal barrier disruption is mediated by iNOS (inducible nitric-oxide synthase) upregulation, NO (nitric oxide) overproduction, and oxidation/nitration of cytoskeletal proteins. We hypothesized that iNOS inhibitors (L-NAME, L-NIL) in vivo will inhibit the above cascade and liver injury in an animal model of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH).
There Is Nothing So Theoretical as a Good Method

This article documents two facts that are provocative in juxtaposition. First: There is multidecade durability of theory controversies in psychology, demonstrated here in the subdisciplines of cognitive and social psychology. Second: There is a much greater frequency of Nobel science awards for contributions to method than for contributions to theory, shown here in an analysis of the last two decades of Nobel awards in physics, chemistry, and medicine. The available documentation of Nobel awards reveals two forms of method–theory synergy: (a) existing theories were often essential in enabling development of awarded methods, and (b) award-receiving methods often generated previously inconceivable data, which in turn inspired previously inconceivable theories. It is easy to find illustrations of these same synergies also in psychology. Perhaps greater recognition of the value of method in advancing theory can help to achieve resolutions of psychology’s persistent theory controversies.
FINE STRUCTURE OF THE ANDROGENIC GLAND OF THE CRAB, PACHYGRAPSUS CRASSIPES.

Abstract The fine structure of the androgenic gland of the crab Pachygrapsus crassipes was investigated mainly in an attempt to determine the nature of the secretory mechanism and to obtain information on the nature of the secretory product by comparing the androgenic gland cell with known steroid- and protein-secreting cells. Except for the absence of electron-dense material in the lamellae of the Golgi centers and as formed secretory granules, the ultrastructure of the androgenic gland cell resembles that of a vertebrate protein-producing cell rather than a steroid-producing cell, being characterized by a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria having flat, transverse cristae. The androgenic gland cells contain numerous large multivesicular bodies with variable contents. These bodies resemble lysosomes in that acid phosphatase activity can be demonstrated in them at both the light- and electron-microscope levels. It is suggested that the androgenic hormone may be protein or polypeptide in nature. The nature of the secretory process remains enigmatic; no evidence for holocrine secretion was encountered.
Integrating Experimental Design and Statistical Control for Quality Improvement

As a result of a successful case study, we advance a methodology for combining design of experiments (DOE) and cumulative score (Cuscore) charts to control and monitor an industrial process subject to a feedback control scheme. We use DOE to screen out the most important variable from a larger set of variables. We use the critical variable found in the DOE phase as a compensating factor in a feedback controller. We derive the proper Cuscore statistic that will identify spike signals in a dynamic system that is subject to feedback control. We then apply this Cuscore statistic to the output error from the control scheme. We illustrate the effectiveness of this process improvement methodology using an industrial case study where we identify and eliminate a recurring output quality problem in a pleating and gluing manufacturing operation.
Grafting the Intentional Relation of Hermeneutics and Phenomenology in Linguisticality

This article seeks to reposition two philosophies central to qualitative research: hermeneutics and phenomenology from their current location in the interpretive traditions to one closer to the cri...
Sinoaortic denervation attenuates the reflex responses to hypotension in fetal sheep

Hypotension in fetal sheep stimulates reflex decreases in heart rate and increases in the secretion of several hormones, including adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, vasopressin, and renin. However, little is known about the afferent limb(s) of the reflex(es) controlling these responses. Fetal sheep between 122 and 134 days gestation were prepared with chronic vascular catheters, intravascular balloon-tipped catheters, and amniotic fluid catheters. Seven fetal sheep were also subjected to sinoaortic denervation, and nine remained intact. After recovery from surgery for 2-5 days, fetuses were subjected to a 10-min period of hypotension produced by vena caval obstruction, produced by inflation of balloons in the superior and inferior venae cavae. Vena caval obstruction produced decreases in fetal heart rate and increases in fetal plasma ACTH, vasopressin, and renin activity, which were related to the degree of hypotension. Prior sinoaortic denervation attenuated all of these responses. It is concluded that afferent fibers in the carotid sinus and/or aortic depressor nerves mediate part of the heart rate, ACTH, vasopressin, and renin responses to vena caval obstruction in late-gestation fetal sheep.
Arterial system reaction on isometric stress in patients with arterial hypertension depending on the stage of the disease

In order to evaluate arterial system reaction on isometric stress 150 healthy men and 169 patients with arterial hypertension (AH), among them 39 with myocardial infarction (MI), were examined. Dosed isometric foot stress with impedansometric hemodynamics control was carried out. Evaluation was performed at rest and on different stages of exercise by following parameters: cardiac output - by cardiac index (CI), heart pumping ability – by hydraulic power (HP), heart afterload – by general peripheral vascular resistance (GPVR), initial and final systolic compliance of arterial system (ISCA and FSCA). The results showed hemodynamic inadequacy of stress reaction in AH patients with MI, revealed by the absence of CI and HP increase on stages of the exercise. There was an intimate connection of ISCA and FSCA with HP (r=0,7 and r=0,36) and with GPVR (r=-0,80 and r=-0,58). Significant decrease of arterial compliance at rest and during exercise was registered in AH patients. Reflecting the process of arteries remodeling, level of this decrease depended on the stage of AH and was at maximum in III stage, associated with MI.
DLP NIRscan Nano: an ultra-mobile DLP-based near-infrared Bluetooth spectrometer

The DLP NIRscan Nano is an ultra-portable spectrometer evaluation module utilizing DLP technology to meet lower cost, smaller size, and higher performance than traditional architectures. The replacement of a linear array detector with DLP digital micromirror device (DMD) in conjunction with a single point detector adds the functionality of programmable spectral filters and sampling techniques that were not previously available on NIR spectrometers. This paper presents the hardware, software, and optical systems of the DLP NIRscan Nano and its design considerations on the implementation of a DLP-based spectrometer.
High Electric Field Breakdown of 4H-SiC PN Junction Diodes

We have characterized the high electric field breakdown process of several epitaxial 4H-SiC p-n structures with oxide passivation. The breakdown voltage was found to be dependent on the size of the diode structures as well as their proximity to any structural defects. The time dependence of the breakdown process was also measured to determine the characteristics of the breakdown mechanism. This time dependence measurement provides an indication of the quality of the diode structures. Both soft and abrupt breakdown mechanisms were observed showing the influence of defects on the high field behavior of the diode structures. Measurements done with and without the use of Fluorinert fluid did not show any difference in the breakdown voltage indicating that surface flashover breakdown mechanism did not play a major role in the avalanche breakdown process.
Spectroscopic Investigation of Traps Producing Current Collapse In AlGaN/GaN Hemt Structures

Photoionization spectroscopy (PS) measurements, previously carried out for the GaN MESFET, have been extended to the more complicated AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures. In all cases, the spectra revealed that the same two traps causing current collapse in the high resistivity (HR) GaN buffer layer of the MESFET were also responsible for current collapse in the HEMT structures. The HR buffer layers supporting the HEMT structures were prepared by MOVPE at varying growth pressures, in order to vary the incorporation of deep trapping centers. Lower growth pressures were observed to correlate with more severe current collapse and with an enhanced incorporation of carbon. Detailed analysis of the PS data suggests that one of the two responsible traps is related to carbon, while the other may be associated with structural defects in the material.
Holographic recording of filament formation with 150 femtosecond time resolution

Holographic recording with pulsed illumination [1] in the regime between 10 and 0.1 picoseconds is used to study ultra-fast events. A single-shot recording technique has been developed to capture non-repeatable events. The optical apparatus used to record a short movie (4 frames) with 150fs temporal resolution is shown in Figure 1a. A sequence of four laser pulses, each with 150fs duration illuminated the object. The time delay between the pulses was approximately 1ps. Each of the 4 pulses recorded a separate on-line (Gabor) hologram of the object. The four holograms were recorded on the surface of a conventional CCD camera whose output was digitized and the object reconstructions were digitally formed[2]. The result is shown in Fig. 1b. The object in this case was a 150 femtosecond light pulse that traverses the field of view of the recording beams. As this pump beam travels through air it causes dielectric breakdown and it leaves a trail of its path in the form of plasma that is optically detected. The four holograms recorded on the face of the CCD are shown in Figure 1b and their digital reconstructions are shown in Fig. 1c showing a short movie of single light pulse traveling through space.
Source Rock Research of the Putumayo-Oriente-Maranon province of Colombia,Ecuador and Peru

Oil and gas production in the Putumayo-Oriente-Maranon province is from Cretaceous reservoirs,with minor production from Tertiary formations.Primary hydrocarbon source rocks for the Hollin-Napo assessment unit are marine and mixed marine-terrestrial shales of the Cretaceous Villeta "U",Caballos,Napo,Hollin,Chonta,and Raya Formations.Potential source rocks are the Triassic and Jurassic Pucara Group,but there is no known production of hydrocarbons that were generated from these strata.These source rocks are analysed in the paper.
On-line Calculation and Analysis Management System of Theory Line Loss of Power Grid Based on Web Issue

The paper put forward a design scheme of on-line calculation and analysis management system of theory line loss of power grid based on Web issue,introduced architecture and functions implementation of the system.The system uses SCADA system to obtain real-time data of power grid,and adopts data mining and data clustering algorithm to realize autofilter of the real-time data,and uses Web method to issue and summary calculation results of theory line loss of power grid,which can provide a good platform for fully grasping status of line loss of power gird and proposing reduction loss measures.
SEGREGATION KINETICS OF PARTICULATE SOLIDS SYSTEMS. II. PARTICLE DENSITY-SIZE INTERACTIONS AND WALL EFFECTS.

Segregation in particulate mixtures is not observed in systems subjected to vertical sine wave motion when the particles differ only in density. However, a marked nonlinear interaction is found between the variables of density and size where the spheres differ in both density and size. The influence of the over-all dimensions of the systems and the mode of agitation on the observed rates of unmixing has been studied and found to be a function of particle size.
Urodynamics, Incontinence, and Neurourology: Highlights from the Society for Urodynamics and Female Urology Annual Winter Meeting, February 28-March 2, 2008, Miami, FL.

The Society for Urodynamics and Female Urology (SUFU) held its 4th Annual Winter Meeting in Miami, Florida, on February 28–March 2, 2008. The society’s membership and attendance continues to grow and this year’s meeting had the largest registered attendance to date, over 330 people. The meeting traditionally starts with 1 day of basic science research followed by 3 days of clinical practice and research sessions. A total of 96 original scientific works were presented in poster and podium sessions in all major domains of the SUFU membership, including basic science, urodynamics, basic and clinical neuromodulation, genitourinary reconstruction, neurourology, benign prostatic hyperplasia, female urology, geriatric urology, interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS), drugs and devices, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Some of the important works presented are herein summarized.
The darkling plain: a theoretical discussion of an antidote for depression.

The modern age is one in which the sense of individual alienation mirrors society's escalating turmoil. Recent evidence suggests that the origins of this modern malaise may lie buried in the individual's infancy experiences. Nevertheless, there are individuals who progress from infancy to adulthood with an apparent immunity to depression. Such individuals appear able to predict the future course of events, operate with confidence in the world, overcome obstacles through mastery-oriented behaviors, and possess optimism concerning the future. These individuals generally come from caregiving backgrounds in which specific kinds of adaptive behaviors, such as previewing, were prevalent. Previewing refers to a self-perpetuating process during which the caregiver envisions imminent developmental trends and transforms these perceptions into behaviors designed to introduce the infant to future maturational skills. This paper attempts to explain the interpersonal factors that are involved in the genesis of the prev...
A Functional View of Imperative Information Flow

We analyze dynamic information-flow control for imperative languages in terms of functional computation. Specifically, we translate an imperative language to a functional language, thus accounting for the main difficulties of information-flow control in the imperative language.
Whole body PET image compression

A major difficulty in providing rapid transfer of whole body PET (WB-PET) images to referring physicians at remote hospitals is the large size of the data set. A WB-PET study contains typically over 400 images, or over 35 Mbyte of data. Using standard high speed modems (14.4 kbps) and fast communication protocols, a transfer time of 7-8 hrs/study is required. To reduce the transfer time, a means of compressing the data is necessary. Due to the relatively high noise levels in WB-PET images, conventional error-free compression algorithms provides little or no compression. The compression can be improved by processing the image data prior to compression. In this work, different pre-processing approaches are evaluated as well as different compression algorithms. By removing all negative values, who carries little or no diagnostic information, the compression is slightly improved. A more significant improvement was achieved by masking the transaxial images such that all pixel elements located outside the body contour are set to zero. Three different masking schemes based on geometrical shapes (circular, rectangular and elliptical) were evaluated. In addition, a masking scheme based on transmission images was also investigated. Using the transmission image mask, with negative value removal, and an efficient error-free compression algorithm, compressions of up to 1:7 were obtained, with no loss in image information. >
Physical volume repository

The physical volume repository (PVR), a module defined by the IEEE reference model for mass storage systems, is presented. The PVR is that portion of a storage system that stores and mounts physical volumes. A description is given of the architecture of the PVR, its interface and how it processes client requests. >
Yellow fever virus capsid protein is a potent suppressor of RNA silencing that binds double-stranded RNA.

Abstract Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and West Nile virus (WNV), profoundly affect human health. The successful transmission of these viruses to a human host depends on the pathogen’s ability to overcome a potentially sterilizing immune response in the vector mosquito. Similar to other invertebrate animals and plants, the mosquito’s RNA silencing pathway comprises its primary antiviral defense. Although a diverse range of plant and insect viruses has been found to encode suppressors of RNA silencing, the mechanisms by which flaviviruses antagonize antiviral small RNA pathways in disease vectors are unknown. Here we describe a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) encoded by the prototype flavivirus, YFV. We show that the YFV capsid (YFC) protein inhibits RNA silencing in the mosquito Aedes aegypti by interfering with Dicer. This VSR activity appears to be broadly conserved in the C proteins of other medically important flaviviruses, including that of ZIKV. These results suggest that a molecular “arms race” between vector and pathogen underlies the continued existence of flaviviruses in nature.
Understanding the long-term implications of retailer returns in business-to-business relationships

Providing end consumers with the ability to return products is an important part of a retailer’s service offering. While research in reverse logistics has explored the movement of returned merchandise upstream, little research examines the relational implications of returned merchandise in the business-to-business (B2B) context. This research explores the relational implications, as well as the impact on the supplier salesperson’s behaviors, of retailer returns. Using a comprehensive dataset which includes longitudinal archival returns data, as well as two waves of retailer surveys reporting on salesperson behaviors, our research investigates how retail returns impact salesperson responses in the following time period, retailer perceptions of the relationship in the following time period, and returns in the following time period. Consistent with a reciprocal exchange perspective, results suggest that when salespeople respond to returns by engaging in relationship building behaviors, these behaviors are noted by the retailer, which in turn results in fewer returns in a future time period.
Design and Performance of the ICON EUV Spectrograph

We present the design, implementation, and on-ground performance measurements of the Ionospheric Connection Explorer EUV spectrometer, ICON EUV, a wide field ( $17^{\circ}\times 12^{\circ}$ ) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrograph designed to observe the lower ionosphere at tangent altitudes between 100 and 500 km. The primary targets of the spectrometer, which has a spectral range of 54–88 nm, are the Oii emission lines at 61.6 nm and 83.4 nm. Its design, using a single optical element, permits a imaging resolution perpendicular to the spectral dispersion direction with a large ( $12^{\circ} $ ) acceptance parallel to the dispersion direction while providing a slit-width dominated spectral resolution of $R\sim25$ at 58.4 nm. Pre-flight calibration shows that the instrument has met all of the science performance requirements.
Remarkable epoxidation activity of neat and carbonized niobium silicates prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly

Abstract A series of mesoporous Nb-silicates with varying Nb loading from 2.2 to 22.0 wt% were synthesized by the Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) method using Pluronic P123 as mesopore forming agent. High dispersion of NbOx species was achieved up to a Nb loading of ∼22 wt% without any formation of bulk crystalline Nb 2 O 5 . Small angle X-ray scattering, TEM and N 2 physisorption confirm mesoporosity in these materials with short-range ordering. The BET surface area and pore volume range from 779 to 978 m 2 /g and 0.76–1.21 cm 3 /g, decreasing at higher Nb loadings. Isolated NbO 4 and oligomeric NbOx species were evident from diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra. For the epoxidation of cyclohexene with H 2 O 2 , the Nb-EISA catalysts generally perform better in terms of activity, epoxidation selectivity and H 2 O 2 utilization compared to other mesoporous niobium silicates. Further, a significant improvement in the epoxide selectivity was achieved with Nb-EISA samples calcined in N 2 during synthesis such that a thin C layer is left behind. The C layer may induce pore hydrophobicity that prevents the ring-opening reaction of the primary epoxide product.
Changing the Default to Support Open Access to Education Research

This essay explores factors underlying the underutilization of Open Access (OA) to make education research literature freely available online, where it can benefit a global audience of researchers,...
The two-lesion hypothesis for UV-induced mutation in relation to recovery of capacity for DNA replication.

Evidence has accumulated (Doudney, 1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969; Doudney and Young, 1962) that supports the hypothesis that in Escherichia coli two different UV-induced lesions are necessary for induction of mutations. This hypothesis was prompted by the dose-squared response to UV seen with mutation in bacteria. The evidence suggested that the two different lesions responsible for mutation are a pyrimidine dimer within the potentially mutated gene length together with a “DNA-synthesis blocking lesion” bringing a requirement for RNA and protein synthesis if recovery of DNA replication (and mutation) is to occur.
Poiseuille Flow: The Form of the Disturbance whose Energy Increases Initially at the Largest Value of v

The problem to be considered in the next two chapters is the stability and mechanics of flow driven down a straight pipe of annular cross section by a pressure gradient. We want to know what new regimes of flow are created as v is decreased.