cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Products of the Gas-Phase Reaction of O3 with Cyclohexene

Products of the gas-phase reactions of O3 with cyclohexene and cyclohexene-d10 were investigated in the presence of OH radical scavengers by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, combined gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in situ atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS). Cyclohexane and cyclohexane-d12 were used as OH radical scavengers in the experiments using API-MS analyses to allow products formed from the O3 reactions with cyclohexene and cyclohexene-d10 to be differentiated from those from the reactions of OH radicals with cyclohexane and cyclohexane-d12. The gas-phase products observed from the reaction of O3 with cyclohexene in the presence of an OH radical scavenger were pentanal (23.6 ± 1.8%); OH radicals (54 ± 8%); formic acid (3.5% initial yield); glutaraldehyde [HC(O)CH2CH2CH2CHO]; adipaldehyde [HC(O)CH2CH2CH2CH2CHO], a C6H10O3 product attributed to the secondary ozonide; a C5H7O2(OOH) product, a molecula...
The Role of Stress in Understanding Differences in Sedentary Behavior in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Background: Chronic stress and/or lifetime traumatic stress can create a self-reinforcing cycle of unhealthy behaviors, such as overeating and sedentary behavior, that can lead to further increases in stress. This study examined the relationship between stress and sedentary behavior in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults (N = 4244) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Methods: Stress was measured as the number of ongoing difficulties lasting 6 months or more and as lifetime exposure to traumatic events. Sedentary behavior was measured by self-report and with accelerometer. Multivariable regression models examined associations of stress measures with time spent in sedentary behaviors adjusting by potential confounders. Results: Those who reported more than one chronic stressor spent, on average, 8 to 10 additional minutes per day in objectively measured sedentary activities (P < .05), whereas those with more than one lifetime traumatic stressor spent (afte...
Mechanism of Action Studies of Lomaiviticin A and the Monomeric Lomaiviticin Aglycon. Selective and Potent Activity Toward DNA Double-Strand Break Repair-Deficient Cell Lines

(−)-Lomaiviticin A (1) and the monomeric lomaiviticin aglycon [aka: (−)-MK7-206, (3)] are cytotoxic agents that induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Here we elucidate the cellular responses to these agents and identify synthetic lethal interactions with specific DNA repair factors. Toward this end, we first characterized the kinetics of DNA damage by 1 and 3 in human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells. DSBs are rapidly induced by 3, reaching a maximum at 15 min post addition and are resolved within 4 h. By comparison, DSB production by 1 requires 2–4 h to achieve maximal values and >8 h to achieve resolution. As evidenced by an alkaline comet unwinding assay, 3 induces extensive DNA damage, suggesting that the observed DSBs arise from closely spaced single-strand breaks (SSBs). Both 1 and 3 induce ataxia telangiectasia mutated- (ATM-) and DNA-dependent protein kinase- (DNA-PK-) dependent production of phospho-SER139-histone H2AX (γH2AX) and generation of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci in ...
Local Liquid Velocity in Vertical Air-Water Bubbly Downward Flow

Local characteristics of the liquid phase in downward air-water bubbly and slug flows were investigated in a 50.8-mm inner-diameter round pipe. A laser Doppler anemometry system was used to measure axial liquid velocity and its fluctuations. To reduce the measurement uncertainty, the experiments were performed in flow conditions with low void fraction. The comparisons between the liquid flow rates measured by the magnetic flow meter and those obtained from the local measurements showed good agreements. In addition, based on the LDA measurements and the data acquired by the local conductivity probes, the local relative velocity distribution, the distribution parameter and the drift velocity in the drift-flux model were obtained for the current downward flow.© 2003 ASME
Coupling LAMMPS and the vl3 Framework for Co-Visualization of Atomistic Simulations

In this work we perform in-situ visualization of molecular dynamics simulations, which can help scientists to visualize simulation output on-the-fly, without incurring storage overheads. We present a case study to couple LAMMPS, the large-scale molecular dynamics simulation code with vl3, our parallel framework for large-scale visualization and analysis. Our motivation is to identify effective approaches for co-visualization and exploration of large-scale atomistic simulations at interactive frame rates. We propose a system of coupled libraries and describe its architecture, with an implementation that runs on GPU-based clusters. We present the results of strong and weak scalability experiments, as well as future research avenues based on our results.
Popular Communication in the Contemporary Age

This essay explores the field of popular communication as an arena worthy of academic attention. Beginning with the assumption that the label popular communication is something of a misnomer, the author argues that the study of popular communication underlies much of what communication scholars do. She then discusses the different domains examined under the rubric of popular communication and posits that the study of popular communication can create alliances of unpredictable shapes between people in different disciplines, using different theoretical perspectives, and moving toward different practical aims. This makes the study of popular communication fertile ground for enhancing people’s ties with others not like themselves.
Phenotypically Enriched Genotypic Imputation in Genetic Association Tests.

Background: In longitudinal epidemiological studies there may be individuals with rich phenotype data who die or are lost to follow-up before providing DNA for genetic studies. Often, the genotypic and phenotypic data of the relatives are available. Two strategies for analyzing the incomplete data are to exclude ungenotyped subjects from analysis (the complete-case method, CC) and to include phenotyped but ungenotyped individuals in analysis by using relatives' genotypes for genotype imputation (GI). In both strategies, the information in the phenotypic data was not used to handle the missing-genotype problem. Methods: We propose a phenotypically enriched genotypic imputation (PEGI) method that uses the EM (expectation-maximization)-based maximum likelihood method to incorporate observed phenotypes into genotype imputation. Results: Our simulations with genotypes missing completely at random show that, for a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with moderate to strong effect on a phenotype, PEGI improves power more than GI without excess type I errors. Using the Framingham Heart Study data set, we compare the ability of the PEGI, GI, and CC to detect the associations between 5 SNPs and age at natural menopause. Conclusion: The PEGI method may improve power to detect an association over both CC and GI under many circumstances.
Musical Gestures: Melodramatic Lullabies of Anxious Desire

As one of melodrama’s most vital expressions, music encourages empathy for a girl character’s desiring, but anxious heterosexual gaze. This chapter explores references to music in Jane Eyre and Twilight. In the literary texts, music simultaneously cues the protagonists’ insecurities and accentuates their sexual longings. Although Bella’s desire for physical intimacy with Edward is consistently thwarted throughout much of the series, music’s circularity validates and even replicates that sexual yearning. In fact, recognizing music’s expression of desire reveals how the cinematic Bella’s sexual desire is articulated—outside of her own spoken narration. Although such passivity has been criticized, this has not prohibited girls from imagining Bella’s sexual desire, as some fans vocalize it in their own musical discourse.
Selling out science

A year ago, a faculty member sent an email to the recipients of our university's Dow Sustainability Fellowships, referencing an article reporting that Dow Chemical Company had provided apparently contradictory information to U.S. regulatory agencies about one of its pesticides. The faculty member
In vivo phosphorylation of liver glycogen synthase. Isolation of the 32P-labeled enzyme and studies on the nature of the bound [32P]phosphates

Our previous study (Tan, A. W. H., and Nuttall, F. Q. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9624-9630) indicated that liver synthase D contained a large number of endogenous phosphates, 12 of which were stable and 6 labile to alkali treatment. We wished to investigate the nature of the phosphates on synthase which became isotopically labeled when inorganic [32P]phosphate was given either to intact rats or to isolated liver cells. An antibody against liver synthase D was used for the isolation of synthase. The antibody recognized both the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of the enzyme, native as well as partially cleaved species. A large enzyme form, with Mr of 90,000 as well as one with Mr of 73,000 was observed. A 61% decrease in [32P]phosphate was found in synthase when prelabeled liver cells were treated with glucose, whereas a 25% increase was seen in cells treated with glucagon. After [32P]synthase D was converted to synthase I by synthase phosphatase, 95% of the [32P]phosphate was lost. All of the bound [32P]phosphates were found to be labile to alkali. Thus, under the in vivo conditions used, the [32P]phosphates incorporated into synthase were characterized by their fast turnover rate, alkali lability and susceptibility to the action of synthase phosphatase, both in vivo and in vitro. These criteria serve to distinguish them from the slower turning-over, alkali-stable phosphates found previously in both synthases D and I.
Symmetry-Directed Design of Protein Cages and Protein Lattices and Their Applications

The assembly of individual protein subunits into large-scale structures is important in many biological contexts. Proteins may assemble into geometrical cages or extended lattices that are characterized by a high degree of symmetry; examples include viral capsids and bacterial S-layers. The precisely defined higher order structure exhibited by these assemblies has inspired efforts to design such structures de novo by applying the principles of symmetry evident in natural protein assemblies. Here we discuss progress towards this goal and also examples of natural protein cages and lattices that have been engineered to repurpose them towards a diverse range of applications in materials science and nano-medicine.
Social Networks and Macrosocial Change

Social networks are heavily implicated in large-scale social transformations. They are both transformed and transformative. We review the ways in which social networks act as agents of change in macrohistorical processes, stressing two distinct theoretical approaches. Formalism analyzes the structure of networks. Relationalism evaluates the linking properties of networks. Using these two approaches to organize the literature, we present the current state of knowledge on the effects of social networks for four central macrohistorical outcomes: civil uprising, state formation, global and national policy formation and diffusion, and economic development and increasing inequality. We then consider new theoretical advances in institutional emergence and methodological innovations in computational modeling and their potential for reconciling and advancing existing findings and approaches on the effects of social networks on macrosocial change.
Genomic-polygenic and polygenic predictions for nine ultrasound and carcass traits in Angus-Brahman multibreed cattle using three sets of genotypes

Abstract The objectives of this study were to estimate variance components, genetic parameters, EBV, accuracies, and rankings for nine ultrasound and carcass traits in a multibreed Angus-Brahman population using three genomic-polygenic models and one polygenic model (PM). The genomic-polygenic models used the complete GeneSeek GPF250k SNP set (GPM), top 5% SNP (GPMR1), and 5% SNP evenly spread across the genome (GPMR2). Yearling ultrasound traits were weight (UW), ribeye area (UREA), backfat (UFAT), and percent intramuscular fat (UPIMF). Carcass traits were slaughter age (SLA), hot carcass weight (HCW), ribeye area (REA), backfat thickness (FAT), and marbling score (MAR). The 9-trait GPM, GPMR1, GPMR2, and PM contained fixed contemporary group, age of calf (ultrasound traits only), sex of calf, and direct heterosis effects, and random animal and residual effects. Variance components and genetic parameters were computed using AIREMLF90. Comparable heritabilities were obtained with GPM and PM for UW (GPM: 0.54 ± 0.05; PM: 0.51 ± 0.05), UREA (GPM: 0.36 ± 0.03; PM: 0.34 ± 0.03), UFAT (GPM: 0.12 ± 0.02; PM: 0.11 ± 0.02), UMPIMF (GPM: 0.34 ± 0.03; PM: 0.30 ± 0.03), SLA (GPM: 0.59 ± 0.07, PM: 0.61 ± 0.06), HCW (GPM: 0.58 ± 0.06, PM: 0.52 ± 0.07), REA (GPM: 0.48 ± 0.04, PM: 0.45 ± 0.05), FAT (GPM: 0.41 ± 0.05, PM: 0.30 ± 0.05), and MAR (GPM: 0.56 ± 0.07, PM: 0.51 ± 0.08). Additive genetic correlations between pairs of ultrasound and carcass traits were all between −0.31 and 0.81. The highest positive additive genetic correlations were between UW and UREA, UW and HCW, UW and REA, UREA and HCW, UREA and REA, UFAT and FAT, and between HCW and REA. The largest negative additive genetic correlations were between UREA and UPIMF, UFAT and SLA, UFAT and HCW, UPIMF and REA, and between REA and MAR. High similarity existed among predicted EBV and accuracies from GPM, GPMR1, and GPMR2 as well as high-rank correlations for sires, dams, and progenies. This indicated that the two reduced genotype sets were appropriate alternatives to the complete GPF250k set for genomic-polygenic evaluation and selection in this multibreed Angus-Brahman population. High EBV variability existed among animals of all Angus and Brahman percentages and no specific breed composition was overwhelmingly better or worse for any of the nine traits. This indicated that optimization of genetic progress through selection in multibreed Angus-Brahman populations should be based solely on genetic merit regardless of breed composition.
Reality, fantasy and civility in molecular assemblers

Chris Toumey revisits the 2003 exchange of opinions between Eric Drexler and Richard Smalley, which was one of the most colourful disagreements in the history of nanotechnology.
Leaf herbivory induces resistance against florivores in Raphanus sativus

Florivory can have significant negative effects on plant fitness, driving selection for resistance traits in flowers. In particular, herbivory to leaves may induce resistance in flowers because her...
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Clinical Reasoning in the Management of a Patient Referred to Physical Therapy for Costochondritis.

Background and purpose Chest pain, a frequent complaint for seeking medical care, is often attributed to musculoskeletal pathology. Costochondritis is a common disorder presenting as chest pain. Initial physical therapist examination emphasizes red flag screening. Reexamination throughout the episode of care is critical, particularly when patients are not progressing and/or in the presence of complex pain presentations. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical reasoning process in the management of a patient referred to physical therapy with a medical diagnosis of costochondritis. Case description A 59-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of left-sided chest pain that had progressed to include the cervical and shoulder regions. She reported multiple psychosocial stressors; a depression screen was positive. She reported a history of asthma and smoking and improvement in recent fatigue, coughing, dyspnea, and sweating. At the initial visit, shoulder, cervical, and thoracic active and passive range of motion and joint mobility testing reproduced her pain. Allodynia was present throughout the painful areas in the left upper quarter. Outcomes The patient demonstrated improvement over 30 days (4 visits). On her fifth visit (day 35), she reported an exacerbation of her chest and upper extremity pain and noted increased fatigue, sweating, dyspnea, and loss of appetite. Even though her pain was again reproduced with musculoskeletal testing, the physical therapist contacted the patient's physician regarding the change in presentation. A subsequent chest computed tomography scan revealed a non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma. Discussion Cancer can masquerade as a musculoskeletal condition. This case highlights the importance of screening, clinical reasoning, and communication throughout the episode of care, particularly in the presence of chronic pain and psychosocial stressors.
Echocardiographic Features of Chiari's Network in Association with Tricuspid Atresia

An infant was diagnosed prenatally with tricuspid atresia and hypoplastic right ventricle by fetal echocardiography at 22 weeks' gestation. On delivery, physical examination revealed a cyanotic female infant with an active precordium, single 1st and 2nd heart sounds, an ejection click, and a grade 1/6 low frequency systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border. Prostaglandin E1 was initiated.
On a new theory of the dynamic behavior of the structures carrying moving masses

This paper represents an exact solution for a problem which has been of interest in Structural Engineering for many years. The solution is “exact” in the engineering sense; it converges very rapidly. The solution is given by means of an expansion of the eigenfunctions in a series. The eigenfunctions satisfying the boundary and transient conditions for masses moving over a structure have been determined exactly by performing the integration in the Stieltjes sense. The method is simple, short and elegant and is based on operational calculus. It yields the results in perfect agreement with an accurate numerical solution previously given in the literature.
Wisdom Versus Knowledge

Science is important because it provides knowledge for society, societal knowledge. But can science provide wisdom, societal wisdom? To answer this question, there are two basic issues in the social sciences and the discipline of history which first need to be addressed. How can one formally integrate historical studies with the construction of social science theories? How can one ensure in the social sciences that judgments-of-value (normative social science theory) can be empirically validated?
Evidence for the Quadruple Aim: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Physician Burnout and Patient Outcomes.

Background:Experts express concern that attaining of the Triple Aim of reducing health care costs, improving patient experiences and ultimately population health, may be compromised by high levels of burnout among physicians. Some have called for a fourth aim of improving the work environment for ca
A Deep Q-Learning Approach for Dynamic Management of Heterogeneous Processors

Heterogeneous multiprocessor system-on-chips (SoCs) provide a wide range of parameters that can be managed dynamically. For example, one can control the type (big/little), number and frequency of active cores in state-of-the-art mobile processors at runtime. These runtime choices lead to more than 10× range in execution time, 5× range in power consumption, and 50× range in performance per watt. Therefore, it is crucial to make optimum power management decisions as a function of dynamically varying workloads at runtime. This paper presents a reinforcement learning approach for dynamically controlling the number and frequency of active big and little cores in mobile processors. We propose an efficient deep Q-learning methodology to optimize the performance per watt (PPW). Experiments using Odroid XU3 mobile platform show that the PPW achieved by the proposed approach is within 1 percent of the optimal value obtained by an oracle.
How We Know the Essence of What There is

The many references to immediate knowledge of the structure of what there is makes it necessary to consider the method in some detail. First I want to consider some of the objections to such knowledge. These objections may be directed either at the necessity for such a knowledge or at the claim that there are propositions which are the result of such knowledge. If we use the somewhat ambiguous words ‘intuitive’ and ‘intuition’ the objections take the form either of a denial of the necessity of intuition in acquiring knowledge or of the existence of intuitive propositions.
VARIATIONS IN VARIATION AND SELECTION: THE UBIQUITY OF THE VARIATION-AND-SELECTIVE-RETENTION RATCHET IN EMERGENT ORGANIZATIONAL COMPLEXITY Part II: Quantum Field Theory

If the general arguments concerning theinvolvement of variation and selection inexplanations of ``fit'' are valid, then variationand selection explanations should beappropriate, or at least potentiallyappropriate, outside the paradigm historisticdomains of biology and knowledge. In thisdiscussion, I wish to indicate some potentialroles for variation and selection infoundational physics – specifically inquantum field theory. I will not be attemptingany full coherent ontology for quantum fieldtheory – none currently exists, and none islikely for at least the short term future. Instead, I wish to engage in some partiallyspeculative interpretations of some interestingresults in this area with the aim ofdemonstrating that variation and selectionnotions might play a role even here. Ifvariation and selection can survive in even asinhospitable and non-paradigmatic a terrain asfoundational physics, then it can surviveanywhere.
Nonlinear Noise Reduction on TESS Simulated Data

The high quality Kepler Space Telescope light curves have allowed us to deepen our understanding of nonlinear time series analysis and develop novel applications. Since simulated data represent the epitome of signal pre-processing, two simulated TESS stars were analyzed, one with a noisy light curve and one with a periodic light curve, in order to explore one of the tenets of nonlinear time series analysis: That pre-processed data do not lend themselves to these tools.
Essentials of Excel, Excel VBA, SAS, and Minitab for statistical and financial analysis

This is an excellent book for all those who desire to make use of Microsoft Excel (with Visual Basic for Application), Minitab, and SAS processors in the practice of statistics. Basic knowledge of ...
Prostate Tumor Cell–Derived IL1β Induces an Inflammatory Phenotype in Bone Marrow Adipocytes and Reduces Sensitivity to Docetaxel via Lipolysis-Dependent Mechanisms

Adipocyte-tumor cell cross-talk is one of the critical mediators of tumor progression and an emerging facilitator of therapy evasion. Tumor cells that metastasize to adipocyte-rich bone marrow take advantage of the interplay between metabolic and inflammatory pathways to activate prosurvival mechanisms that allow them to thrive and escape therapy. Using in vitro and in vivo models of marrow adiposity, we demonstrate that metastatic prostate carcinoma cells engage bone marrow adipocytes in a functional cross-talk that promotes IL1β expression in tumor cells. Tumor-supplied IL1β contributes to adipocyte lipolysis and regulates a proinflammatory phenotype in adipocytes via upregulation of COX-2 and MCP-1. We further show that the enhanced activity of the IL1β/COX-2/MCP-1 axis and a resulting increase in PGE2 production by adipocytes coincide with augmented hypoxia signaling and activation of prosurvival pathways in tumor cells, revealing a potential mechanism of chemoresistance. The major consequence of this interplay is the reduced response of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel, a phenomenon sensitive to the inhibition of lipolysis. IMPLICATIONS: Studies presented herein highlight adipocyte lipolysis as a tumor-regulated metabolic event that engages proinflammatory cross-talk in the microenvironment to promote prostate cancer progression in bone. Understanding the impact of bone marrow adipose tissue on tumor adaptation, survival, and chemotherapy response is fundamentally important, as current treatment options for metastatic prostate cancer are palliative.
Creating a community of researchers: Fostering global collaboration for doctoral prepared nurses and nursing students.

Abstract Background Few publications have explored the role that professional organizations play in facilitating global partnerships; particularly regarding research and educational collaboration between doctoral prepared nurses and students residing in low- and middle-income countries with those from high-income countries. Objective To describe a pilot Spotlight Project which was developed to foster communication and collaboration among global doctoral prepared nurses and nursing students within an international nursing organization. Methods Twenty-seven members were identified and sent requests to complete the spotlight form created for this project. This form gave potential participants the option to do a 250 to 350-word write-up or develop a video describing their current research/educational initiatives, achievements, short and long -term goals. Results Eight of the 27 spotlight requests were returned. Information was received from one recent graduate and 7 faculty members. It included descriptions of motivation to pursue doctoral education, future aspirations, and academic and career accomplishments. Discussion The Spotlight Project could serve as an avenue for nursing students, researchers, and nursing schools; especially those from low- and middle-income countries that typically have limited funding and access to conferences and other professional opportunities to disseminate information about current projects, and a means of celebrating achievements of organization's members. This is also a potential avenue for international research and education collaboration between students and institutions.
Telemedicine and Gynecologic Cancer Care

Patients with gynecologic cancers experience better outcomes when treated by specialists and institutions with experience in their diseases. Unfortunately, high-volume centers tend to be located in densely populated regions, leaving many women with geographic barriers to care. Remote management through telemedicine offers the possibility of decreasing these disparities by extending the reach of specialty expertise and minimizing travel burdens. Telemedicine can assist in diagnosis, treatment planning, preoperative and postoperative follow-up, administration of chemotherapy, provision of palliative care, and surveillance. Telemedical infrastructure requires careful consideration of the needs of relevant stakeholders including patients, caregivers, referring clinicians, specialists, and health system administrators.
Intralymphatic histiocytosis in healing cellulitis: Case report and review of the literature

Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare skin benign condition observed in a variety of inflammatory settings. It is characterized by the presence of ectatic dermal lymphatic vessels containing aggregates of histiocytes. Associated conditions that have been identified include rheumatoid arthritis, metallic orthopedic implants, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancies of the breast, skin, and colon. Some cases with no attributable underlying cause have been described. The pathophysiology of ILH is not well understood. It has been proposed that it may represent macrophage migration during immune activation. Herein, we present the first description of ILH observed in the healing phase of cellulitis on the skin of the breast. Awareness of this possibility is important when the diagnosis of intravascular carcinomatosis is being considered.
Assessing the effects of body weight on subchondral bone formation with quantitative 18F-sodium fluoride PET.

The aim of this study was to quantify subchondral bone remodeling in the elbows, hands, knees, and feet using volumetric and metabolic parameters derived from 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (NaF-PET) and to assess the convergent validity of these parameters as an index of joint degeneration and preclinical osteoarthritis. A retrospective analysis was conducted in 34 subjects (32 males, 2 females) with metastatic bone disease who underwent full-body NaF-PET/CT scans. An adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm was applied to segment NaF-avid regions in the bilateral elbows, hands, knees, and feet of each subject, and metabolically active volume (MAV), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean metabolic volumetric product (MVPmean), and partial volume-corrected MVPmean (cMVPmean) of the segmented regions were calculated. Global parameters for MAV, SUVmax, MVPmean, and cMVPmean were defined as the sum of the corresponding values in all the joints of a subject. Inter-rater reliability was determined with Lin’s concordance correlation, and associations of global values with subject body weight and age were assessed with Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyses. Inter-rater reliability was observed to be the highest in SUVmax (ρc = 0.99), followed by MVPmean (ρc = 0.96), cMVPmean (ρc = 0.93), and MAV (ρc = 0.93). MAV, MVPmean, and cMVPmean were observed to significantly increase with weight (all p < 0.0001) determined by Pearson correlation. In addition, Spearman rank-order analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between SUVmax and weight in addition to MAV, MVPmean, and cMVPmean and weight (all p < 0.01). No significant association between age and any PET parameter was observed. These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of assessing bone turnover at the joints using quantitative NaF-PET. Our findings corroborate the fact that biomechanical factors including mechanical loading and weight-bearing are contributors to osteoarthritis disease progression.
The Emergence of Cybercrime and the Legal Response

Abstract Cybercrime is a fairly new term and has caused a great dilemma in both the technical and legal communities. Legislators have passed many new forms of legislation in order to properly address the growing threat of cybercrime. This paper discusses various types of threats that are encountered in cyberspace, the legislation that has been created in order to respond to these threats, and the application of legislation in dealing with actual cybercrime cases.
Do record earnings affect market reactions to earnings news

We find evidence that a firm’s record earnings influence market response to earnings news. Our results show that the proximity of the firm’s earnings to its record earnings leads to investors’ underreaction following earnings announcements, exacerbating post-earnings-announcement drift. Such biased behavior is more pronounced in low-growth firms and firms with low institutional ownership. Meanwhile, analysts are not subject to this anchoring bias when a firm’s earnings are close to its record earnings. Overall, we find that a firm’s record earnings play an important role as an anchor when market participants evaluate the firm’s earnings news.
Imagining the Atacama Desert: a five-hundred-year journey of discovery: by Richard V. Francaviglia, Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press, 2018, xviii+435 pp., US$29.95 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-6078-1610-2

In August of 1981 I began a Master of Arts program in Geography at the University of South Carolina, though I had little background in the discipline, having never actually taken a geography class....
Analysis of fish population size distributions confirms cessation of fishing in marine protected areas

The number of protected areas that restrict or prohibit harvest of wild populations is growing. In general, protected areas are expected to increase the abundance of previously‐harvested species. Whether a protected area achieves this expectation is typically evaluated by assessing trends in abundance after implementation. However, the underlying assumption that harvest has actually ceased is rarely tested directly. Determining whether illegal harvest (poaching) has continued in a protected area is important to planning enforcement and adaptive management. Here, we estimated harvest rates for four kelp forest fish species inside marine protected areas (MPAs) and non‐MPA reference sites in the California Channel Islands, from 2003 (when MPAs were implemented) to 2017. We estimated harvest by fitting a size‐structured population model to survey data. Overall, harvest rates were effectively zero in MPAs but much higher in non‐MPA sites. This indicates successful adherence to MPA regulations, and possible displacement of fishing effort to reference sites. However, some poaching was detected in two MPA sites, highlighting the importance of assessing this quantity. This modeling approach could provide a tool to complement the long‐term management of MPA networks, particularly given the difficulty of acquiring harvest rate data at the spatial scale of individual MPAs.
Dynamic Modeling of Full Converter Adjustable-speed Pumped Storage Hydropower (FC AS-PSH)

Full converter adjustable-speed pumped storage hydropower (FC AS-PSH) technology, as one of advanced-PSH technology, is developed from wind turbine technology. By making the synchronous machine connect to the grid through a full-size converter, FC AS-PSH has a wider adjustment range of speed and a better reactive power control capability compared with a doubly-fed asynchronous generator AS-PSH technology. When it plays as an energy backup in the power system, FC AS-PSH can provide a much faster response than conventional-PSH (C-PSH) which makes this technology provide better ancillary service for a high renewable penetrated system. In this paper, the dynamic modeling of FC AS-PSH is fully studied. We develop a detailed model of this technology in the IEEE 14-bus system based on GE Positive Sequence Load Flow (PSLF) platform. Especially, the first governor model is developed based on the Engineer’s Program Control Language (EPCL) user-defined model in this platform. All operation modes are validated and studied under a system contingency. Besides, comparison cases between FC AS-PSH and C-PSH are studied to show advantages providing from FC AS-PSH when it works with renewable energy.
The incidence of thrombocytopenia in adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tumors or hematologic malignancies.

OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of thrombocytopenia in various cancers and chemotherapy regimens. METHODS Structured patient-level data from the Flatiron Health Electronic Health Record database were used to identify adult patients who received chemotherapy for a solid tumor or hematologic malignancy from 2012 to 2017. Three-month cumulative incidence of thrombocytopenia was assessed based on platelet counts, overall and by grade of thrombocytopenia. Co-occurrence of anemia, neutropenia, and leukopenia was evaluated. RESULTS Of 15,521 patients with solid tumors, 13% had thrombocytopenia within 3 months (platelet count < 100 × 109 /L); 4% had grade 3 (25 to < 50 × 109 /L), and 2% grade 4 (<25 × 109 /L) thrombocytopenia. Of 2537 patients with hematologic malignancies, 28% had any thrombocytopenia, 16% with grade 3, and 12% with grade 4. Among patients with thrombocytopenia, it occurred without another cytopenia in 18% of solid tumors and 7% of hematologic malignancies. CONCLUSIONS In a large, US-representative sample of patients undergoing chemotherapy in clinical practice, thrombocytopenia incidence varied across tumor and regimen types. Despite recommendations to alter chemotherapy to avoid severe thrombocytopenia, 4% of patients with solid tumors and 16% with hematologic malignancies experienced grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Prediction and prevention of thrombocytopenia may help oncologists avoid dose modifications and their adverse effects on survival.
Event/Self-Triggered Approximate Leader-Follower Consensus with Resilience to Byzantine Adversaries

Distributed event- and self-triggered controllers are developed for approximate leader-follower consensus with robustness to adversarial Byzantine agents for a class of homogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs). A strategy is developed for each agent to detect Byzantine agent behaviors within their neighbor set and then selectively disregard their transmission. Selectively removing Byzantine agents results in time-varying discontinuous changes to the network topology. Nonsmooth dynamics also result from the use of event/self-triggered strategies and triggering condition estimators that enable intermittent communication. Nonsmooth Lyapunov methods are used to prove approximate consensus of the MAS consisting of the remaining cooperative agents. Simulations are included to validate the result and to outline the trade-off between communication and performance.
Russian Industrial Sector in 2019: (Based on Surveys’ Findings)

Prolonged period of industrial business surveys conducted by the Gaidar Institute and representative range of indicators permit to resolve the first task – analyze the situation in the sector in 2019 – determine the place for the year 2019 in all the 28 years’ history of our monitoring the industrial sector. For this purpose, first of all, we will use aggregate indicators. The latter are usually calculated on a monthly basis on the findings obtained from monthly surveys and became widely popular owing to promptness of the findings and limitations of official data released on the Russian industrial sector. However, this approach to present surveys’ findings complicates assessment of each year as a whole. That is why we analyze all consolidated indicators in a year-on-year basis for the entire period of IET business surveys launched in 1992.
Comparative Analysis of Sorghum EMS Mutants and Natural Populations

Abstract To build a large-scale genomic resource for functional validation of sorghum genes through EMS-mutagenized BTx623 seeds, we deep sequenced (30-60X) an additional 445 phenotyped EMS mutant lines. 4.2 million EMS mutations are called with nearly 36,800 mutations that could have a disruptive effect on functions of over 15,500 genes. Combining variants carried by both the natural population and previous EMS efforts, over 69% of sorghum coding genes (23644) are now presented with one or more mutations that are, or are predicted to be, disruptive to their functions. Our results show that the EMS population carries more significant mutations but less in each sample than the natural population, which makes it more powerful in elucidating sorghum gene functions on a large scale and requiring less work in validation of candidate causal genes. We have made the data available through two ways, one is the integration with the BSAseq workflow that supports retrieving independent EMS samples carrying the same genes with significant mutation for complementary testing, and the other is a web application for directly querying genes with significant mutations on SciApps.org.
Making Sense of Online Reviews: A Machine Learning Approach: An Abstract

It is estimated that 80% of companies’ data is unstructured. Unstructured data, or data that is not predefined by numerical values, continues to grow at a rapid pace. Images, text, videos and voice are all examples of unstructured data. Companies can use this type of data to leverage novel insights unavailable through more easily manageable, structured data. Unstructured data, however, creates a challenge since it often requires substantial coding prior to performing an analysis.
The Evolving Relationships Between Hospital, Physician and Patient in Modern American Healthcare

This article explores the ways in which health care has evolved over the past few years for patients, doctors and hospitals in the United States, and the impact these changes have made on modern American health care. As the amount of money the nation spends on health care continues to increase at alarming rates, patients, doctors, and hospitals all appear to have greater struggles than before. This inherent disconnection between the changes in American health care system and the satisfaction of patients and providers leaves much to be desired and considered. Before a solution can be found, however, we must first understand the problem.
Longitudinal Skeletal Growth Analysis of Mandibular Asymmetry in Unoperated Patients With Unilateral Craniofacial Microsomia (UCFM)

PurposeTo examine the growth rate discrepancy of the affected and unaffected ramus heights in Pruzansky Type I and Type II mandibles.MethodsThis is a serial retrospective longitudinal growth study ...
Live Cell Specimens for X-Ray Microscopy

We have begun a project to image live cells with the Brookhaven Laboratory STXM. Here we describe the wet cell which has been designed and built for the purpose; the cultured cells used for initial experiments; and tests which establish that exposure in the wet cell, without x-ray irradiation, causes no significant damage to neurons or fibroblasts.
Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) of pediatric HIV-1 infection

Implementing successful HAART of HIV-1-infected children poses several unique challenges. Children appear to have less virologic success from HAART than adults. However, careful consideration of multiple factors may assist in maximizing the virologic efficacy of HAART, including its duration [1]. Obstacles to successful HAART of children include: difficulties in administering drugs; difficulties adhering to complicated and even simple regimens; variable, erratic or unknown pharmacokinetics for certain drugs, especially in young infants; adverse reactions to drugs and drug-related toxicities; and the selection of drug-resistant virus. Drug-resistant mutants are selected when drug combinations are insufficient to inhibit HIV-1 replication yet remain at levels that exert selective pressure. The goal of health care providers should be to prescribe sufficiently potent HAART to avoid selection of drug-resistant virus on the basis of inadequate drug pressure, while minimizing adverse sequelae from the drugs and unnecessary expense by utilization of an excessive number of drugs. Achieving these therapeutic goals with the currently available antiretrovirals is often difficult due to the extremely high degree of adherence to therapy (>95%) that appears to be required to preclude the emergence of drug-resistant virus [2], the persistence of drug-resistant virus in the child [3], HIV-1 cross-resistance to drugs within each class and adverse reactions associated with antiretroviral therapy.
Site‐directed zebrafish transgenesis into single landing sites with the phiC31 integrase system

Background: Linear DNA-based and Tol2-mediated transgenesis are powerful tools for the generation of transgenic zebrafish. However, the integration of multiple copies or transgenes at random genomic locations complicates comparative transgene analysis and makes long-term transgene stability unpredictable with variable expression. Targeted, site-directed transgene integration into pre-determined genomic loci can circumvent these issues. The phiC31 integrase catalyzes the unidirectional recombination reaction between heterotypic attP and attB sites and is an efficient platform for site-directed transgenesis. Results: We report the implementation of the phiC31 integrase-mediated attP/attB recombination for site-directed zebrafish transgenics of attB-containing transgene vectors into single genomic attP landing sites. We generated Tol2-based single-insertion attP transgenic lines and established their performance in phiC31 integrase-catalyzed integration of an attB-containing transgene vector. We found stable germline transmission into the next generation of an attB reporter transgene in 34% of all tested animals. We further characterized two functional attP landing site lines and determined their genomic location. Our experiments also demonstrate tissue-specific transgene applications as well as long-term stability of phiC31-mediated transgenes. Conclusions: Our results establish phiC31 integrase-controlled site-directed transgenesis into single, genomic attP sites as space-, time-, and labor-efficient zebrafish transgenesis technique. The described reagents are available for distribution to the zebrafish community. Developmental Dynamics 242:949–963, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Foundations of Magnetism

The phenomenon of magnetism, i.e., the mutual attraction of two pieces of iron or iron ore, was surely known to the antique world. The ancient Greeks have been reported to experiment with this “mysterious” force. The designation magnetism is said to be derived from a region in Turkey which was known by the name of Magnesia and which had plenty of iron ore.
Comparison of assimilatory organic nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon sources for growth of methanobacterium species.

Experiments document the ability of two species of autotrophic methanogens to assimilate and utilize organic substrates as the nutrient sulfur or nitrogen source and as a carbon source during growth on H2-CO2. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strain ΔH and the mesophilic species Methanobacterium sp. strain Ivanov grew with glutamine as the nitrogen source or cysteine as the sulfur source. M. thermoautotrophicum also utilized urea as the nitrogen source and as a carbon precursor for methane and cell synthesis. Methanobacterium sp. strain Ivanov grew with methionine as the sulfur source. The growth rate of two different Methanobacterium species was lower on an organic N or S source than on ammonium or sulfide. 35S and 14C tracer studies demonstrated that amino acid or urea assimilation correlated with time and amount of growth. The rate of [35S]cysteine incorporation was similar in strain ΔH (34 nmol h−1 mg of cells−1) and strain Ivanov (23 nmol h−1 mg of cells−1). However, the rate of [14C]acetate incorporation was dramatically different (17 versus 208 nmol h−1 mg of cells−1 in strains ΔH and Ivanov, respectively). [14C]acetate accounted for 1.3 and 21.2% of the total cell carbon synthesized by strains ΔH and Ivanov, respectively. Amino acids and urea were mainly assimilated into the cell protein fraction, but accounted for less than 2.0% of the total cell carbon synthesized. The data suggest that a biochemical-genetic approach to understanding cell carbon synthesis in methanogens is feasible; mutants that are auxotrophic for either acetate, glutamine, cysteine, or methionine are suggested as future targets for genetic studies.
Should the FTC Kill the Password? The Case for Better Authentication

Data security breaches are occurring at an alarming frequency, and one of the main causes involves problems authenticating the identity of account holders. The most common approach to authentication is the use of passwords, but passwords are a severely flawed means of authentication. People are being asked to do a nearly impossible task – create unique, long, and complex passwords for each of the numerous accounts they hold, change them frequently, and remember them all. People do very poorly in following these practices, and even if they manage to do so, hackers and phishers can readily trick people into revealing their passwords. There is widespread consensus about the problems with passwords. Better alternative authentication techniques exist, such as two factor authentication, yet organizations have been slow to move to these alternatives. In this essay we argue that in certain circumstances, the FTC should start requiring better methods of authentication than passwords alone. We explore the foundation in current FTC jurisprudence for such action, and suggest how the FTC should start making the push toward improved authentication.