cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the inadequacies of Long's model for steady two-dimensional stratified flows

Nonlinear analysis of two-dimensional steady flows with density stratification in the presence of gravity is considered. Inadequacies of Long's model for steady stratified flow over topography are explored. These include occurrence of closed streamline regions and waves propagating upstream. The usual requirements in Long's model of constant dynamic pressure and constant vertical density gradient in the upstream condition are believed to be the cause of these inadequacies. In this article, we consider a relaxation of these requirements, and also provide a systematic framework to accomplish this. As illustrations of this generalized formulation, exact solutions are given for the following two special flow configurations: the stratified flow over a barrier in an infinite channel; the stratified flow due to a line sink in an infinite channel. These solutions exhibit again closed-streamline regions as well as waves propagating upstream. The persistence of these inadequacies in the generalized Long's model app...
Treatment of severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia with human IV immunoglobulin in 5 dogs.

Background Glucocorticoids with or without other immunotherapy are the initial treatment of choice for dogs with severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT). The majority of treated dogs will have improvements in platelet counts within 5 to 7 days of starting therapy, but complications from hemorrhage often occur before a response is seen. Human IV immunoglobulin (hIVIG) blocks Fc receptors on mononuclear phagocytic cells in dogs; it is used in people with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to describe adverse effects and benefit of hIVIG in addition to conventional immunosuppressive therapy in dogs with severe IMT. Animals Five client-owned dogs with severe primary IMT. Methods Case series. The hospital database was searched for dogs with primary IMT treated with hIVIG. Results No adverse effects were noted during or after hIVIG infusion in any treated dog. Over a 6-month follow-up, all dogs were clinically normal when using conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Human IVIG was administered 3 days after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy in 4 dogs, and, after 2 days, in 1 dog. In all dogs, the mean platelet counts pre- and 24 hours post-hIVIG infusion (0.28-0.76 g/kg) were 2,500/pL and 50,600/microL (62,750/microL for the 4 responders), respectively. One dog failed to respond as promptly to hIVIG (0.34 g/kg), and the platelet count increased to 66,000/microL after 9 days of immunosuppressive therapy. The mean duration of hospitalization post-hIVIG in all 5 dogs was 1.8 days (12 hours for responders), and the mean total length of hospitalization was 4.6 days (3.5 days for responders). Active hemorrhage resolved and no packed red blood cell transfusions were required after hIVIG infusion for responders. Conclusions and clinical importance Human IVIG was well tolerated and appeared to be associated with rapid platelet count recovery and amelioration of clinical signs in most dogs with IMT.
GROOVES IN THE PLASMALEMMA OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE SEEN IN GLANCING SECTIONS OF DOUBLE ALDEHYDE-FIXED CELLS

Grooves on the surface of the plasmalemma(plasma membrane) of frozen-etched yeast cells have been shown by many investigators (1, 10, 12) . Necas et al. (13) showed interconnected grooves on the surface of frozen-etched Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts, but such structures could not be so effectively demonstrated in frozen-etched protoplasts prefixed in glutaraldehyde . Structures comparable to these grooves have not been demonstrated in thin sections of chemically fixed whole cells of yeast . Darling et al . (3) reported cleft-like invaginations in tangential sections of S. cerevisiae protoplasts. Ludvik et al . (8) showed deep indentations in cross-sections of plasmalemma of Candida lipolytica grown on hydrocarbon . In this note I am presenting my observation that by a double aldehyde fixation procedure after Karnovsky (6), numerous grooves can be demonstrated in the plasma membrane of the stationary phase cells of S . cerevisiae .
Passive enhancement of resonator Q in microwave notch filters

The lumped-element bridged-T notch filter concept is extended to reciprocal distributed-element microwave filters. A prototype microstrip bridged-T notch filter employing single-mode resonators is described that enhances the effective resonator Q/sub u/ by a factor of 325, while a different microstrip filter topology with a triple-mode resonator is described that enhances the effective resonator Q/sub u/ by a factor of 89. The new notch filters can be either partly reflective or fully absorptive within the stopband. Additional enhanced-Q/sub u/ notch filter topologies, such as a hybrid-coupler notch filter, that include at least two resonances and at least two signal paths are suggested.
Effects of utero-ovarian anastomoses on clinical outcomes and repeat intervention rates after uterine artery embolization.

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of anastomoses between uterine and ovarian arteries on angiography and their association with clinical outcome after uterine artery embolization (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent UAE for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata according to a uniform embolization technique by a single operator at a single institution were included in the study. Patients' angiographic images, preand postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images, and clinical symptom evaluations were reviewed. MR imaging was performed 6 months after UAE, and clinical evaluation with symptom severity score (SSS) measurement was performed at 6-month and yearly intervals afterward. Leiomyomata volume change, SSS, and repeat intervention rates were compared for patients with and without anastomoses between uterine and ovarian arteries on angiography. RESULTS Of 288 consecutive patients in the study (mean age, 43.8 ± 6.4 y), patent anastomoses between the uterine and ovarian arteries were detected in 116 patients (40.3%) by angiography. On follow-up, there was a mean leiomyomata volume reduction of 50.4% and an improvement in mean transformed SSS of 38.2 points. In patients with anastomoses, mean leiomyomata volume reduction was 49.5% and mean transformed SSS improvement was 38.1 points. In patients without anastomoses, mean leiomyomata volume reduction was 50.4% and mean transformed SSS improvement was 38.4 points. At a mean follow-up of 21.5 months, 16 patients (5.6%) elected to undergo further therapy for residual symptoms, including seven hysterectomies, four myomectomies, and five repeat UAE procedures. There were statistically significant differences in repeat intervention rates between the two groups: 14 patients with anastomoses (12.1%) underwent five hysterectomies, four myomectomies, and five repeat UAE procedures, whereas two patients without anastomoses (1.2%) elected to undergo hysterectomy ( P CONCLUSION Anastomoses between the uterine artery and ovarian artery were demonstrated on angiography in 40.3% of 288 consecutive patients studied. Although the overall repeat intervention rate after initial UAE is only 5.6%, UAE in patients with anastomoses is associated with a significantly higher incidence of repeat intervention than UAE in patients without anastomoses.
Income Tax, Wage Tax, and Optimal Tax

Recent studies find wage subsidies (WS) to be superior to negative income tax (NIT). However, these studies suffer from a serious aggregation problem. A model is suggested in which these aggregation problems are avoided. In this model there exists a WS schedule that increases labor supply compared with an equally costly NIT. However, the WS may be Pareto inferior. Furthermore, for high income workers given any income tax system it is always possible to find a wage tax system which both is Pareto superior and increases labor supply. The merits of the model and its implications for other optimal income tax studies are critically discussed.
Can “Big Bath” and Earnings Smoothing Co-exist as Equilibrium Financial Reporting Strategies?

We study a model of financial reporting where investors infer the precision of reported earnings. Reporting a larger earnings surprise reduces the inferred earnings precision, dampening the impact on firm value of reporting higher earnings, and providing a natural demand for smoother earnings. We show that for sufficiently “bad” news, the manager under-reports earnings by the maximum, preferring to take a “big bath” in the current period in order to report higher future earnings. If the news is “good,” the manager smoothes earnings, with the amount of smoothing depending on the level of cashflows observed. He either over-reports or partially under-reports for slightly good news, and gradually increases his under-reporting as the news gets better, until he is under-reporting the maximum amount for sufficiently good news. This result holds both when investors are “naive” and ignore management’s ability to manipulate earnings, or “sophisticated” and correctly infer management’s disclosure strategy.
Repolarization duration variability: a tool to quantify the autonomic balance at the ventricle

In order to gain insight into the process of cardiac repolarization, the authors defined and studied the repolarization duration variability (RDV) on electrocardiograms. Spectrum techniques were used to evaluate the influence of the autonomic nervous system in the control of repolarization duration (RD). Coherence analysis was used to quantify common contributions between RDV and heart rate variability. The latter gave a reference of the sympathovagal balance. It was found that the autonomic nervous system acts tonically and directly to control RD. This action is mediated through both autonomic limbs. >
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: diagnostic pearls and pitfalls.

Abstract Context.—The diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma involves key histopathologic and immunophenotypic findings. Appropriate classification is essential owing to the u...
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules Held at Cryogenic Temperatures

In recent years more emphasis has been placed on the analytical potential of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for the study of organic materials [1,2,3]. We wish to report on static SIMS experiments on a few simple molecules condensed on a copper substrate held at low temperatures. For the experiments we used an Extranuclear Inc., quadrupole massfilter equipped with a Bessel box type energy filter. The bandwidth of the ions accepted in the massfilter was set at 1 eV. Our ion gun is differential pumped and during the experiments a pressure in the 10−9 torr range could easily be maintained in the main chamber. Our primary ion beam current density was between 1 and 10 nA/cm2 and the beam energy was varied between 500 and 5000 eV. As primary ion we used He+,Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+. The nature of our samples made it necessary to use an electron floodgun to compensate for charge buildup on the sample. The energy of the flooding electrons was kept below 7 eV. In all the experiments the temperature of the sample was held at 15°K. In Fig.1 the positive SIMS spectrum of neat methane using a 1 keV Ne+ beam shows fragments up to C11.
The liquid crystalline state of polyimide precursors

Polycondation de diamines aromatiques avec le dianhydride pyromellitique. Etude des proprietes optiques et dynamomecaniques de la structure moleculaire du precurseur de polyimide
Naturally Occurring Forms of Thyrotropin with Low Bioactivity and Altered Carbohydrate Content Act as Competitive Antagonists to More Bioactive Forms

We have examined the interaction of certain forms of mouse (m) tumor and bovine (b) pituitary TSH with standard bTSH on the activation of adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes. Tumor extract, serum from tumor-bearing mice, culture medium from dispersed cell incubations, and two preparations of purified bTSH (Sigma and Pierce) were fractionated on Sephade× G–100 (1.2 × 200 cm). For each fraction, TSH bioactivity was measured by stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in human thyroid membranes, and immunoactivity was determined by RIA. On G–100, Pierce bTSH had multiple immunoactive components with partition coefficients (Kav) of 0.28–0.32 and ratios of biological over immunological activity (B/I) of 0.59–1.42. Sigma bTSH, mouse tumor, serum, and medium were even more heterogeneous (Kav = 0.23–0.32), with a lower range of B/I (0.04–1.0). When single doses (125–2000 ng) of those fractions with the highest Kav (0.30–0.32) and lowest B/I (0.04–0.51) were mixed with multiple doses (200–10,000 MU) of A...
Urticaria pigmentosa and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

A boy is described with infantile onset urticaria pigmentosa in whom acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of T-cell type developed at the age of nine years. The skin lesions improved following the treatment of the leukaemia. Haematological malignancies occurring in association with urticaria pigmentosa are rare and are reviewed. This is the third child with infantile onset urticaria pigmentosa and lymphoblastic leukaemia to be reported.
Treatment of Residual Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the Neck and Mediastinum

The previous chapter explains the treatment of patients who are Tg-positive and scannegative. The following chapters explain the management of patients with distant metastases. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the management of patients in whom a comprehensive imaging workup is positive only in the neck and/or superior mediastinum. We use the term “residual” to refer to either residual or recurrent disease. Table 1 summarizes the main points from this chapter.
Fast localized voltage regulation in single-phase distribution grids

Distribution grids undergo a transformative change with the emergence of renewables, demand-response programs, and electric vehicles. Fluctuations in active power injections can dramatically affect voltage magnitudes across the grid. The power electronics of distributed generation (DG) units can provide an effective means of the much needed voltage regulation. On the other hand, the scalability and time-variability of DGs call for localized and fast-responding control schemes. In this context, a reactive power control rule is introduced here after applying a proximal gradient algorithm on a judiciously defined voltage regulation cost. An accelerated control scheme is further developed. The latter scheme not only affords localized processing, but it also enjoys a notable speedup advantage with only a slight modification of the original control rule. Numerical tests on the IEEE 13-bus and 34-bus systems with high solar penetration corroborate its superior convergence rates.
Mitochondria as a Source of Reactive Oxygen Species During Reductive Stress in Rat Hepatocytes

Cell killing, oxygen consumption, and hydroperoxide formation were determined in rat hepatocytes after glycolytic and respiratory inhibition. These conditions model the ATP depletion and reductive ...
Preface to special issue in honor of Carlos Castillo-Chavez.

A little more than a quarter-century ago, I received an inquiry from a young Assistant Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Tulsa, the honoree of this volume, Carlos Castillo-Chavez. Though he was well situated in a faculty job, he was not satisfied: He was interested in mathematical biology, having written an excellent thesis in population biology with Fred Brauer at Wisconsin entitled Linear and Nonlinear Deterministic Character-Dependent Models with Time Delay in Population Dynamics. But that success had only whetted his appetite to become more deeply embedded in biology, and he was prepared to give up his faculty job to start a postdoctoral fellowship in ecology. It is always difficult to read in such letters what potential exists in the author; but there was something about what Carlos wrote, the obvious sacrifice he was prepared to make, and my regard for Fred Brauer that convinced me that I must meet this fellow. We did meet, for lunch in an LA restaurant, and the qualities that have led to his remarkable career were immediately obvious. I resolved on the spot to make sure he joined our group. Carlos arrived at Cornell shortly thereafter, and did not leave for nearly twenty years. For more information please click the “Full Text” above.
The Distribution and Movement of Small Mammals in Central Oklahoma

The distribution and movement of mammals has been the subject of much interest and research. Some mammals are known to range widely in search of food and mates while others live their entire lives in a relatively small area. This movement, as revealed by various methods of trapping or marking and recapturing the same animal, was studied even when live traps were only tin cans, glass bowls and buckets (Bailey, 1921). The purpose of the present investigation was to secure information on the distribution, relative abundance and natural movements of small mammals, especially rodents, in two vegetative types (open grassland and wooded ravine) and to determine whether they move into and out of the two areas. Since both live traps and snap traps were utilized in the capture of small mammals, it was further desired to compare the effectiveness of the two methods of trapping in each vegetative type. The investigation was initiated on September 1, 1952, and was carried on continuously for one year. Study area .—The area used in the live-trap study is located approximately 7 mi. SW Norman, Oklahoma, along State Highway 9, in Sec. 8, T. 8 N, R. 3 W, in McClain County (Fig. 1). The area utilized in snap trapping and other investigations is located within a radius of 4 miles of the live trap area. It is believed that the area selected for carrying out all investigations is typical of the tall-grass prairie of today with respect to topography, exposure, soil, stream course and other natural factors. Fig. 1 Location of the study area, McClain County, Oklahoma. The area studied lies in the mixed-grass plains biotic district of Blair and Hubbel (1938). It is a part of the Texan biotic province of Dice (1943). Carpenter (1939) described the tall-grass prairie as an …
Arachnoid Granulations of the Temporal Bone: A Histologic Study of Dural and Osseous Penetration

Hypothesis: Arachnoid granulations (AG) are more prevalent along the middle fossa surface of the temporal bone, where they produce larger bony defects than those occurring on the posterior surface. Background: Dural and bony defects formed by AGs are proposed to lead to spontaneous meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. They most commonly occur at the tegmen and in individuals older than 40 years. Methods: Vertically sectioned temporal bones were evaluated using light microscopy to determine AG histology, distribution, and morphometry and to determine the prevalence of AG penetration in the donor population. Results: AGs were observed to penetrate the dura mater and make direct contact with cortical surfaces in 12.7% of donors in the Johns Hopkins Temporal Bone Collection. AGs occurred at middle fossa sites 13% more frequently than at posterior fossa sites. At middle fossa sites AGs produced significantly larger bony openings and were more likely to be associated with herniating brain tissue. Donors with AGs were significantly older, and all were in the late 30s or older. Conclusion: Erosion of the temporal bone by AGs is not a rare occurrence in the population and becomes increasingly prevalent with age. It is estimated that 14 in 1,000 donors were at greatest risk of eventual cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the tegmen. The age and anatomic distribution described in this study strengthens the notion that AG penetration plays a role in the pathophysiology of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and meningoencephaloceles of the temporal bone.
Pulling Back the Curtain: Examining the Backstage Gendered Dynamics of Storytelling in the Undocumented Youth Movement:

This article examines the backstage process by which undocumented youth activists developed and implemented an emotionally evocative storytelling strategy in their efforts to bring about social cha...
Thoughts on Business Tourism in Nanchang

Modern business tourism is one of the not important tourist activities mot to mention traditional business tourism,conference tourism,incentive tourism,largescale business activities,and sports activities.Business tourism is becoming more and more important in the tourism market and in tourism development.Only by developing the business tourism market can Nanchang takes a superior position in these highly competitive times.
Some Properties of Nedianes

This article generalizes certain results on the nedianes (see [1], pp. 97-99). One calls nedianes the segments of a line that passes through a vertex of a triangle and partitions the opposite side in n equal parts.
Distal Radius Fractures with Ulnar Head and Neck Fractures

Distal ulna fractures commonly occur with distal radius fractures. These combined injuries often have greater instability and are at risk for malunion and nonunion. Anatomic reduction of the distal radius with stable plate fixation is often the most helpful first step in treating these combined injuries. The ulna fracture can then be evaluated for alignment and stability and the need for additional reduction and fixation. Here we review the methods of fixation for these combined fractures as well as the outcomes associated with these techniques.
Shifting Fortunes in the Performing Arts Business

Chapter 6 documents the well-traveled paths that linked theatre and film in the 1930s and 1940s. It shows that summer and stock theatres, amateur and professional resident theatres, national touring companies, and Broadway productions became training grounds and audition sites for actors, who found secure employment and sometimes stardom in Hollywood films. It examines the history of the Group Theatre to illustrate pertinent economic factors, differing views about the role of directors, and the ideas that came to distinguish Modern and Method acting. The chapter’s material historiography reveals that economic and industrial factors of the era led to a mass migration of acting talent from stage to screen, and transformed Broadway and Hollywood into two branches of an increasingly centralized and technologically based performing arts business.
Occurrence of Lepomis miniatus (Redspotted Sunfish) in the Cumberland River Basin of Tennessee

Abstract The reported, natural distribution of Lepomis miniatus (Redspotted Sunfish) encompasses the Mississippi Valley and Gulf Slope drainages, but not the Cumberland River basin of Tennessee. We provide an account of 3 cataloged specimens collected from Mill Creek in the Cumberland River basin at Standing Stone State Park, TN. Review of previously unpublished records around Lake Barkley and Standing Stone Lake combined with collection of multiple specimens upstream and downstream of Standing Stone Lake suggest a naturalized population now exists 421 river km outside of the previously documented range. Range expansion in the Cumberland River basin is likely related to human introduction ultimately arising from stock contamination.
Salesperson Motivation to Perform and Job Satisfaction: A Sales Contest Participant Perspective

Salespeople's perceptions of a program of sales contests offered by several organizations over time are empirically assessed, and related to both sales performance and job satisfaction. The results suggest variability in attitudes toward contest benefits, goals, rewards, budget, themes, timing and frequency, and outcomes. Conclusions and managerial implications are discussed. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Direct Selling Education Foundation in this project. Special thanks to Marlene Futterman.
Qualitative mathematical reasoning

Qualitative analysis studies the mechanisms with which humans derive the abstract behavior of a complex system from a description of its components and their interconnections, while ignoring unimportant or unknown low-level details. I present a program that analyzes a system by forming and combining mathematical descriptions of its sub-systems. This approach can overcome significant shortcomings in the simulation method used by other qualitative reasoning systems.
Knowledge of testicular cancer risk and need for self-examination in college students: a call for equal time for men in teaching of early cancer detection techniques

College athletes were surveyed about their knowledge and practice of early cancer detection techniques. Males were almost completely unaware of their risk for testicular cancer (87%). Only 9.6% had been taught testicular self-examination and only half of these by their physician. Six percent actually examined themselves regularly. In comparison, more than 60% of women had been taught breast self-examination (75% by a physician) and about one third were doing regular examinations. More than 90% of the young men and women had been seen by physicians for a physical examination within the past 3 years. Physicians need to begin educating males about testicular cancer and its early detection.
The Force of Evil Circumstances: The Apache Scouts at Cibecue

Led from their cells to the waiting gallows, the three Apache scouts walked past the assembled witnesses: three troops of cavalry, a single infantry company, and two companies of their fellow Indian scouts. 1 Upon surrendering themselves they had protested their innocence, but were now resigned to their fate. They refused to beg for their lives. That would not be the Apache way. Addressing the onlookers for a last statement, one stated that to beg would only bring laughter and ridicule. 2
A Validation Study of Davis's how do you Think (Hdyt) Test with Middle School Students:

Davis's How Do You Think (HDYT) Test and the Basic Research, Inc. Creative Behavior Inventory (CBI) were administered to 27 males and 43 female middle school students to explore the possibility tha...
Intervenciones contaminantes y profilaxis cinemática en la vecindad de Pepe El Toro: la trilogía del mexicano Ismael Rodríguez (1948-1953)

Uno de los retos del director mexicano Ismael Rodriguez es yuxtaponer una estetica escenografica que de cuenta de las tribulaciones resultantes de la vida en el medio urbano, junto a un discurso de benevolencia, capaz de subrayar los problemas que, en materia de salud publica, simbolizaban los sectores marginados. Largometrajes como Nosotros los pobres (1948), Ustedes los ricos (1948) y Pepe El Toro (1953), ofrecen una entrada al tema de la higiene en sus sentidos medico, pedagogico y arquitectonico de principios del siglo XX en la Ciudad de Mexico. Por un lado, marcan la separacion de sujetos y grupos ajenos a la estetica oficial en el diseno urbano, enfatizando la representacion de locaciones como la vecindad, el hospital o la carcel; y por otro, demuestran un vinculo entre el discurso de la higiene de los edificios y la de los cuerpos, insistiendo en escenas que indican un proceso de profilaxis (cinematica), en el cual se previene al espectador sobre los riesgos que algunos sujetos pueden acarrear a la sociedad. En la trilogia estudiada, se destacan personajes que representan a mujeres alcoholicas, ladrones, enfermos de tuberculosis, prostitutas, asi como campesinos que emigraron a los Estados Unidos, por motivo del programa Bracero (1942-1964). Las estrategias visuales empleadas por Rodriguez —los encuadres a la tisis, el acto de lavar y reconstruir la vecindad, la dislocacion discursiva del Bracero, y los close-up a rostros desalinados— trazan una radiografia melodramatica y problematica del nacionalismo mexicano.
Exploring simulated early star formation in the context of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxies

Ultrafaint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are typically assumed to have simple, stellar populations with star formation ending at reionization. Yet as the observations of these galaxies continue to improve, their star formation histories (SFHs) are revealed to be more complicated than previously thought. In this paper, we study how star formation, chemical enrichment, and mixing proceed in small, dark matter halos at early times using a high-resolution, cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation. The goals are to inform the future use of analytic models and to explore observable properties of the simulated halos in the context of UFD data. Specifically, we look at analytic approaches that might inform metal enrichment within and beyond small galaxies in the early Universe. We find that simple assumptions for modeling the extent of supernova-driven winds agree with the simulation on average whereas inhomogeneous mixing and gas flows have a large effect on the spread in simulated stellar metallicities. In the context of the UFDs, this work demonstrates that simulations can form halos with a complex SFH and a large spread in the metallicity distribution function within a few hundred Myr in the early Universe. In particular, bursty and continuous star formation are seen in the simulation and both scenarios have been argued from the data. Spreads in the simulated metallicities, however remain too narrow and too metal-rich when compared to the UFDs. Future work is needed to help reduce these discrepancies and advance our interpretation of the data.
Maternal human telomerase reverse transcriptase variants are associated with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Objective Premature aging and short telomere lengths of fetal tissues are associated with spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Maintenance of telomere length is performed by the enzyme telomerase. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a subunit of telomerase, and its dysfunction affects telomere shortening. This study assessed whether maternal or fetal genetic variations in the hTERT gene are associated with PTL or pPROM. Methods A case (PTL or pPROM) control (term birth) genetic association study was conducted in 654 non-Hispanic white mothers (438 term, 162 PTL, 54 pPROM) and 502 non-Hispanic white newborns (346 term, 116 PTB, 40 pPROM). Maternal and fetal DNA samples were genotyped for 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the hTERT gene. Allele frequencies were compared between cases and controls, stratified by PTL and pPROM. Maternal and fetal data were analyzed separately. Results Allelic differences in one SNP of hTERT (rs2853690) were significantly associated with both PTL (adjusted OR 2.24, 95%CI 1.64–3.06, p = 2.32e-05) and with pPROM (adjusted OR 7.54, 95%CI 3.96–14.33, p = 2.39e-07) in maternal DNA. There was no significant association between the hTERT SNPs analyzed and PTL or pPROM in the fetal samples. Conclusion hTERT polymorphisms in fetal DNA do not associate with PTL or pPROM risk; however, maternal genetic variations in hTERT may play a contributory role in risk of PTL and PPROM.
Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples

The purpose of this lesson is to use R to examine differences between groups, specifically by using Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples. Overall, Student’s t-Test is a very common test for determining differences when a singular measured variable (e.g., IQ score, weight of dairy cow milk production per lactation, length of shark dorsal fin, etc.) is compared to differences between a grouping variable with two breakout groups (e.g., Female v Male humans, Guernsey v Jersey cows, Mako v Great White sharks). The t-Test was developed in the early 1900s by Gosset, as part of quality assurance work for a beverage company, but writing under the pen name Student. Student’s t-Test is the appropriate test for comparing differences between small samples, typically 30 or fewer, as opposed to samples with more than 30 observations.
Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA): their immunobiology and medicine.

Publisher Summary Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANAs) have assumed an important place in the diagnostic armamentarium of the clinician because of distinct profiles of ANAs in different diseases. Profiles of ANAs have, therefore, been extremely useful in differential diagnosis, where the disease does not have classical or full-blown manifestations.. Immune complexes formed in the circulation or in situ mediate tissue injury by the activation of complement and other inflammatory mediators. Not only do these antibodies precipitate their respective antigens but also other proteins or nuclear RNAs that might be associated with them in special ways. The reasons for these special associations of protein antigens with specific sets of nuclear RNAs is unknown, but the possibility that there might be functional relationships in these complexed particles is not unreasonable. The key question that pervades the minds of many investigators in this field is the reason for the appearance of ANAs in certain individuals. It is highly improbable that the phenomenon is a random immune response to nuclear breakdown products, because the types of ANAs in different diseases are strikingly different. Some known environmental agents are drugs, such as hydralazine and procainamide, that together with lower levels of hepatic acetyltransferase enzyme predispose the host to the development of ANAs. Another agent may be the Epstein–Barr virus that is a ubiquitous environmental agent.
Spin parameter measurements in inclusive Λ, Σ0, KS and Λ̄ production

We have measured the spin parameters P, A, and D in the inclusive Λ and Σ0 production at 13.3 and 18.5 GeV/c. Our data cover a region of moderate pT and Feynman x up to 0.75. The measured effects for A and D are generally smaller than predictions based on a simple parton‐recombination model. We present here an expansion of such a model. We present here an expansion of such a model which introduces a finite transversity spin‐flip amplitude.
Prinzipien der chirurgischen Technik

Der physische Aspekt der Chirurgie ist zumindest ebenso wichtig wie ihr intellektueller Aspekt. Ein Chirurg, der zwar weis, was in gewissen Situationen zu tun ist, kann dennoch sehr hilflos sein, wenn er physisch dazu nicht in der Lage ist. Leider werden in den wenigsten chirurgischen Standardwerken die Prinzipien der operativen Technik besprochen, obgleich diese die wichtigste Voraussetzung fur chirurgisches Konnen und Perfektion darstellt.
Dutch Elm Disease

The most well-known plant disease in the Eastern United States and Canada is the Dutch elm disease. It has laid waste to Main Street, U. S. A., and the countryside alike. Great groves of elm along our new superhighways stand stripped and bleached in the sun (frontispiece and Fig. 25-1 A).
States with higher minimum wages have lower STI rates among women: results of an ecological study of 66 US metropolitan areas, 2003-2015.

Prior research has found that places and people that are more economically disadvantaged have higher rates and risks, respectively, of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Economic disadvantages at the level of places and people, however, are themselves influenced by economic policies. To enhance the policy relevance of STI research, we explore, for the first time, the relationship between state-level minimum wage policies and STI rates among women in a cohort of 66 large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the US spanning 2003–2015. Our annual state-level minimum wage measure was adjusted for inflation and cost of living. STI outcomes (rates of primary and secondary syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia per 100,000 women) were obtained from the CDC. We used multivariable hierarchical linear models to test the hypothesis that higher minimum wages would be associated with lower STI rates. We preliminarily explored possible socioeconomic mediators of the minimum wage/STI relationship (e.g., MSA-level rates of poverty, employment, and incarceration). We found that a $1 increase in the price-adjusted minimum wage over time was associated with a 19.7% decrease in syphilis rates among women and with an 8.5% drop in gonorrhea rates among women. The association between minimum wage and chlamydia rates did not meet our cutpoint for substantive significance. Preliminary mediation analyses suggest that MSA-level employment among women may mediate the relationship between minimum wage and gonorrhea. Consistent with an emerging body of research on minimum wage and health, our findings suggest that increasing the minimum wage may have a protective effect on STI rates among women. If other studies support this finding, public health strategies to reduce STIs among women should include advocating for a higher minimum wage.
South Africa, migration and xenophobia. Deconstructing the perceived migration crisis and its influence on the xenophobic reception of migrants

ABSTRACTMigration to South Africa is commonly depicted as a crisis by government officials, the media and members of the public. This article critically examines the representation of migration to ...
Language and Meaning: Developing a Framework to Support Client Specific Professionals:

Joint training and practice in the field of learning disability is a growing phenomenon. This paper offers a philosophical basis to a debate on the representation of the concept of interprofessiona...
Textual meanders. “Diary 1954” by Leopold Tyrmand – a problem of not only a philological nature

The Hoover Institution at Stanford University holds the largest collection of manuscripts by Leopold Tyrmand in the world. An analysis of the materials stored at the Hoover Institution provides grounds for dissipating some doubts about the authenticity of his Diary 1954. Today, we are certain that Tyrmand’s work is an original diary that had been written in Poland. However, before it was published, it underwent various modifications (in terms of style, composition, and material). A very important issue is the kind of censorship made by the publishing house. The reading of Tyrmand’s letters proves that not all of the modifications were in accordance with his will, and that not all of them were initiated by him. Moreover, readers of the article will learn some facts about Tyrmand’s creative process and different variants of his works.
Nonparametric Deconvolution Models.

We describe nonparametric deconvolution models (NDMs), a family of Bayesian nonparametric models for collections of data in which each observation is the average over the features from heterogeneous particles. For example, these types of data are found in elections, where we observe precinct-level vote tallies (observations) of individual citizens' votes (particles) across each of the candidates or ballot measures (features), where each voter is part of a specific voter cohort or demographic (factor). Like the hierarchical Dirichlet process, NDMs rely on two tiers of Dirichlet processes to explain the data with an unknown number of latent factors; each observation is modeled as a weighted average of these latent factors. Unlike existing models, NDMs recover how factor distributions vary locally for each observation. This uniquely allows NDMs both to deconvolve each observation into its constituent factors, and also to describe how the factor distributions specific to each observation vary across observations and deviate from the corresponding global factors. We present variational inference techniques for this family of models and study its performance on simulated data and voting data from California. We show that including local factors improves estimates of global factors and provides a novel scaffold for exploring data.
Sarcoma Treatment Efficacy Portal (STEP): A novel informatics portal providing real-time, real-world outcomes to clinicians.

e23538Background: There are currently no informatics tools that are capable of providing complex clinical decision support using real-world outcomes (RWO) for patients with sarcoma. Although existi...
An electroplastic internal state variable (ISV) model for nonferromagnetic ductile metals

This study presents a multiphysics Internal State Variable (ISV) theory that couples the thermo-elasto-viscoplastic-damage model of Bammann with electroplasticity and other electricity-related elec...
2,6‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐{[2‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl]imino}cyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐one

In the title compound, C28H31N3O, the benzimidazole group is close to perpendicular to the benzene ring. Mol­ecules form pairs via π–π stacking inter­actions between benzimidazole groups.
The Association Between Food-Away-From-Home Frequency and a Higher BMI Varies by Food Security Status in US Adults.

BACKGROUND For decades, Americans have increasingly relied on food away from home (FAFH) despite its association with negative health outcomes. Little is known about FAFH frequency and expenditures of adults with lower food security (FS) and their association with health outcomes, such as BMI. OBJECTIVES We evaluated patterns of adults' FAFH purchases by FS status and other demographic characteristics, and examined the association between FAFH frequency and BMI in adults of varying levels of FS. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Consumer Behavior Survey, Food Security Survey, and anthropometric measurements to assess FAFH frequency and expenditures, FS, and calculated BMI of adults (≥18 y) who participated in the NHANES 2007-2014 (n = 20,733). We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between FAFH frequency quartiles (quartile 1: 0 n/wk; quartile 2: 1-2 n/wk; quartile 3: 3-4 n/wk; quartile 4: ≥5 n/wk) and BMI by FS category. RESULTS Although FAFH frequency was similar across FS levels, adults with high FS spent more dollars (${\$}$213.60) and a greater proportion (29.4%) of their food budget on FAFH compared with adults with marginal, low, and very low FS (${\$}$133.00, ${\$}$116.20, ${\$}$103.30 and 21.4%, 19.7%, 20.0%, respectively). Obesity prevalence was highest in adults with low FS (42.9%) and very low FS (41.5%), and lowest in adults with high FS (33.7%). FAFH frequency and BMI were positively associated in adults with high (P < 0.001), marginal (P = 0.025), and low (P = 0.024) FS, but not in adults with very low FS (P = 0.589). CONCLUSIONS FAFH is frequent in adults regardless of FS status. The positive association between FAFH and BMI is the strongest in adults with high FS, the group with the lowest prevalence of obesity. Conversely, BMI was not associated with FAFH in adults with very low FS, despite their higher prevalence of obesity.
Apostle to Nixonland: Taylor Caldwell's Paul and the Unknown God of Neoliberalism

In 1970, Taylor Caldwell (1900–1985) published a best-selling historical novel about Saint Paul, Great Lion of God, making the apostle politically available to a nation facing divisive social and p...
New host materials for rare earth ions

Er3+ ions in crystals are promising for quantum networks. We demonstrate ion implantation of Er3+ into TiO2, a potential low-noise host material, with narrow optical and spin linewidths and high implantation yield.
Decision aid and preference assessment of topical anesthesia for otolaryngology procedures

Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Level of evidence To determine preference patterns for topical anesthesia in patients undergoing endoscopy pre‐coronavirus (2019 coronavirus disease [COVID‐19]) pandemic and analyze outcomes based on preference, using a decision aid format.A decision aid was developed with expert and patient input. New patients presenting to subspecialty clinics over a 2‐month pre‐COVID‐19 period completed a pre‐procedure survey about their priorities, then were asked to choose between topical oxymetazoline/lidocaine spray or none. A post‐procedure outcome survey followed.Of 151 patients, 90.1% patients elected to have topical anesthesia. Top patient priorities were “I want the scope to be easy for the doctor” and “I want to be as comfortable as possible.” Patients who strongly wanted to avoid medication (P = .002) and bad taste (P = .003) were more likely to select no spray, whereas those who wanted to avoid pain received anesthetic (P = .011). According to the post‐procedure assessment, 95.4% of patients were satisfied or strongly satisfied their choice, and this did not correlate with anesthetic vs none.Patient preferences are easily elicited and correlate with treatment choices. Most patients chose to have topical anesthetic and were willing to tolerate side effects;however, both patients with and without topical anesthetic were satisfied with their choices. This decision aid can be used to optimize shared decision making in the otolaryngology clinic. Given the aerosolizing potential of both spray and no spray conditions, this insight may be consequential when devising office protocols for post‐COVID‐19 practice.II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates provides photoreceptor resilience against neurodegeneration during progression of retinitis pigmentosa.

The metabolic environment is important for neuronal cells, such as photoreceptors. When photoreceptors undergo degeneration, as occurs during retinitis pigmentosa (RP), patients have progressive loss of vision that proceeds to full blindness. Currently, there are no available treatments for the majority of RP diseases. We performed metabolic profiling of the neural retina in a preclinical model of RP and found that tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were reduced during disease. We then determined that, 1) promoting citrate production within the TCA cycle in retinal neurons during disease progression protects the photoreceptors from cell death and prolongs visual function, 2) that supplementation with single metabolites within the TCA cycle can provide this therapeutic effect in vivo over time, and, 3) that this therapeutic effect is not specific to a particular genetic mutation but has broad applicability for patients with RP and other retinal degenerative diseases. Overall, targeting TCA cycle activity in the neural retina promotes photoreceptor survival and visual function during neurodegenerative disease.