cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
p-p minimum-bias dijets and nonjet quadrupole in relation to conjectured collectivity (flows) in high-energy nuclear collisions

Recent observations of ridge-like structure in p-p and p-A angular correlations at the RHIC and LHC have been interpreted to imply collective motion in smaller collision systems. It is argued that if correlation structures accepted as manifestations of flow in A-A collisions appear in smaller systems collectivity (flow) must extend to the smaller systems. But the argument could be reversed to conclude that such structures appearing in A-A collisions may not imply hydrodynamic flow. I present spectrum, correlation and fluctuation data from RHIC p-p and Au-Au collisions and p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb results from the LHC described accurately by a two-component (soft+dijet) model of hadron production. I also present evidence for a significant p-p nonjet (NJ) quadrupole (v2) component with nch systematics directly related to A-A NJ quadrupole systematics. The combination suggests that soft, dijet and NJ quadrupole com- ponents are distinct phenomena in all cases, inconsistent with hadron production from a common bulk medium exhibiting collective motion (flow).
Pain as a factor in the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia in man

An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that pain is a factor in the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in man. Pain was induced by the submaximum-effort tourniquet technique. Four pain ratings were recorded: mild, moderate, severe, and unbearable. Subjects were randomly divided into two major groups: (1) those tested by the tourniquet technique each day and (2) those not tested until the final day. Each major group was randomly divided into two subgroups: (1) those receiving only morphine and (2) those receiving saline for 4 days and morphine on the final day. Morphine or saline was given intravenously. The purpose of the experiment was to compare the degree of tolerance development to chronically administered morphine in the tested versus nontested groups. In the subgroups receiving morphine, analgesia was significantly less in the tested than in the nontested group at the highest pain level. Moreover, in the morphine subgroup of the tested subjects, the degree of tolerance development was proportional to the severity of pain. These findings indicate that pain can augment the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in man.
Synthesis of Cholesterol by a Strain of Human Uterine Fibroblasts Propagated in vitro.

SummaryStrain U12–79 of human uterine fibroblasts propagated in vitro for almost 5 years was grown in a medium containing acetate-2-C14. C14-cholesterol was isolated from both the cells and the medium.
Study of Shock-Shock Interactions Using an Unstructured AMR Octree DSMC Code

The present work is a continued effort of the development of the SUGAR code for simulating a hypersonic flow over a double wedge at a Knudsen number of 0.000284. The current work first describes the verification of the code for the Borgnakke-Larsen continuous rotational relaxation model by simulating a hypersonic flow over a hemisphere at a Knudsen number of 0.27. It further demonstrates the ability of the SUGAR code for capturing complex shock-shock interactions and separation near the hinge for a hypersonic flow over a double wedge at a moderately low Knudsen number of 0.04. In addition, the paper describes attempts to solve two main performance bottlenecks in simulating at continuumlike conditions, first, the scalability of the code for more than 128 processors by reducing the communication and evenly balancing the computational load, and second, improve the algorithmic performance of the code by eliminating the expensive recursive tree traversal inherent in Octree based mesh structure. In order to resolve the first issue sophisticated graph-partitioners have been used, however, with no success. Nevertheless, a strategy to improve the algorithm by linearizing the pointer based Octree using Morton-Z space filling curve has been explained.
Study on Excess Sludge Disintegration by Ultrasonic Treatment

The influences of ultrasonic time,ultrasonic frequency,ultrasonic power,ultrasonic pulse ratio,along w ith the interaction betw een ultrasonic time and frequency,time and pow er, pow er and frequency factors on the ultrasonic disintegration effect of excess sludge w ere studied by orthogonal test of mixed-level interaction. The results show that the optimal combination parameters of the ultrasonic disintegration sludge list as the ultrasonic time of 7 minutes,the ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz,the ultrasonic pow er of 600 W,the ultrasonic pulse ratio of 3∶ 1, and the interaction effects among the three factors of the four are not obvious. It is found that appropriately improving the sludge concentration w ould gain a better disintegration effect after studying the seven different solid concentration liquor suspended sludge disintegrated by ultrasonic. The time curves of ultrasonic disintegration sludge indicate that the disintegrating rate of each index increases slow ly w hen the sludge is disintegrated after 40 minutes,and the highest energy utilization of ultrasonic disintegration sludge appears during 15 to 20 minutes.
Managing Frequent Relocation in Families? Considering Prospect Theory, Emotional Framing, and Priming

We review the evidence and impact of relocation on outcomes in child development in civilian and military families, both those who relocate regularly and those who do not. Research with broad samples of families and conventional wisdom suggests that frequent relocation leads to negative outcomes in children. However, this observation is not consistently observed for military families or for some civilian families who regularly relocate. The reasons for these differences are not clear, but maternal attitude and parent–child interactions have been suggested as a possible moderator of relocation resilience. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms or approach for promoting relocation resilience is not clear in the evidence base. Through an analysis of the limited available data, we propose that effectively promoting relocation resilience may involve three primary approaches and related psychological processes: (i) managing the perception of risk (based on prospect theory), (ii) emotional framing, and (iii) priming. These processes are reviewed and presented for further consideration in future research on promoting relocation resilience.
Effects of Subsidies and Prohibitions on Nutrition in a Food Benefit Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Strategies to improve the nutritional status of those participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are of interest to policymakers. Objective To evaluate whether the proposed policy of incentivizing the purchase of fruits and vegetables and prohibiting the purchase of less nutritious foods in a food benefit program improves the nutritional quality of participants’ diets. Design, Setting, and Participants Lower income participants (n = 279) not currently enrolled in SNAP were randomized to 1 of 4 experimental financial food benefit conditions: (1) incentive (30% financial incentive for fruits and vegetables purchased using food benefits); (2) restriction (not allowed to buy sugar sweetened beverages, sweet baked goods, or candies with food benefits); (3) incentive plus restriction (30% financial incentive on fruits and vegetables and restriction of purchase of sugar sweetened beverages, sweet baked goods, or candy with food benefits); or (4) control (no incentive or restrictions on foods purchased with food benefits). Participants in all conditions were given a study-specific debit card where funds were added every 4 weeks for a 12-week period. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and in the final 4 weeks of the experimental period. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes (from 24-hour dietary recalls) included intake of energy, discretionary calories, and overall diet quality. Results A number of favorable changes were observed in the incentive plus restriction condition that were significantly different from changes in the control condition. These included (1) reduced intake of energy (−96 kcal/d, standard error [SE], 59.9); (2) reduced intake of discretionary calories (−64 kcal/d, SE 26.3); (3) reduced intake of sugar sweetened beverages, sweet baked goods, and candies (−0.6 servings/d, SE 0.2); (4) increased intake of solid fruit (0.2 servings/d, SE 0.1); and (5) improved Healthy Eating Index score (4.1 points, SE 1.4). Fewer improvements were observed in the incentive only and restriction only arms. Conclusions and Relevance A food benefit program that pairs incentives for purchasing more fruits and vegetables with restrictions on the purchase of less nutritious foods may reduce energy intake and improve the nutritional quality of the diet of participants compared with a program that does not include incentives or restrictions. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02643576
How essential fats affect bird performance and link aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial consumers

The 2016 Rio Olympics remind us that the amazing feats of athletes are made possible by intense training, often from an early age, and then a cerebral focus in the face of competition and enthusiastic audiences. Underpinning these impressive feats of athleticism is something crucial that is rarely highlighted by the media: adequate nutrition. Vertebrates other than humans provide us with insights into how nutrition affects animal performance within the context of a variety of essential life history events such as growth, reproduction, and migration. Especially interesting and relevant to the health and performance of any animal is the acquisition of “essential” nutrients, those that must be acquired in the diet because they cannot be manufactured by the animals from precursors. Olympic athletes have available special diets formulated to develop and fuel their high performance, but how do wild vertebrates acquire essential nutrients in an environment that often varies in food availability and quality, and how does this acquisition affect their performance? In PNAS, Twining et al. (1) report on an experiment in which they answered this question for one of the supreme aerial acrobats: tree swallows ( Tachycineta albilinea ). They supplemented the diets of growing chicks with certain long-chain omega-3 poyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). In the wild, these are primarily found in aquatic, but not terrestrial, insect prey. They found that supplemented chicks grew faster, were in better body condition, and had lower metabolic rates and higher immune competence than unsupplemented ones. The effect of supplementation was so strong that supplemented chicks fed lower quantities of food did better than those fed higher amounts of unsupplemented diets. The diets of unsupplemented chicks contained relatively high amounts of the essential/indispensable precursor of LCPUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Therefore, Twining et al. (1) provide evidence of the limiting step in the metabolic … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: cmdelrio{at}uwyo.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
CHAPTER 70 – Signaling by the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Family

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family causes cellular responses by engaging its cell-surface receptors. These receptors are tyrosine kinases, which initiate many signaling cascades that result in cell proliferation, motility, and survival. This chapter reviews current understanding of the signaling enzymes that serve as the intracellular effectors of the PDGF receptors. In addition, it discusses the impact of integrins. Phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), and cell cycle on PDGF-induced signaling pathways and subsequent cellular responses. At present, four genes encoding different platelet-derived growth factor chains are known: A, B, C, and D. Biologically active PDGFs exist as disulfide-bonded homodimers designated AA, BB, CC, and DD.
Botulinum Toxin Off-Label Use in Dermatology: A Review.

Background: Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which causes a flaccid muscle paralysis. It is currently used for aesthetic treatments and in the focal hyperhidrosis. Recently, botulinum toxin has also been used experimentally in many other dermatological conditions with good results. Objective: To review and analyze the possible botulinum toxin off-label applications published. Methods: A retrospective review of the published data was conducted. Conclusions: this potent drug can lead to several off-label indications of interest for dermatologists. Further clinical trials are still needed to better understand the real efficacy and safety of these applications and to standardize injection and dose protocols.
Five-body van der Waals interactions

We report on the five-body repulsive and attractive van der Waals interactions between the strongly dipole-dipole coupled Rydberg states. Compared to four-body van der Waals interactions, five-body van der Waals interactions show more energy levels and more potential wells caused by avoided crossings. This research bridges the few-body physics and many-body physics. Other disciplines, such as chemistry, biology, and medical fields, will also benefit from better understanding van der Waals interactions.
Operations Management: An Introduction to Process Analysis

This technical note introduces students to fundamental concepts in process analysis and is appropriate for both undergraduate and MBA students in an introductory operations management course. It can be used as a stand-alone text for a lecture-based course or supplement for a case-based course. Concepts are broken out by section so that readings can be partitioned by class topic. Definitions of key terms are emphasized throughout the note, and a glossary is included in an appendix. Straightforward calculations are performed within the text to introduce students to process analysis. Topics covered include process mapping, capacity analysis, load balancing, batch processing, and Little's Law. A simple example of a Hawaiian-shirt production process is used to illustrate these core process-analysis topics. Excerpt UVA-OM-1556 Rev. Sept. 21, 2018 Operations Management: An Introduction to Process Analysis Firms exist to create and deliver value to customers, shareholders, employees, and society. Operations Management focuses on the means—the underlying processes—by which firms create and deliver value. A firm's processes transform inputs such as labor, capital, materials, and information into outputs of greater value, in the form of products and services. For example, in a bank loan–approval process, bank staff and computer systems process information about a loan applicant and return either an approval or a rejection of the loan application. In an airport security check-in process, security personnel use equipment to inspect passengers and their luggage and either deem them fit for boarding or detain them for further inspection. In a car assembly process, workers and equipment convert car components into assembled vehicles. In this technical note, we illustrate several process-analysis fundamentals. To do this, we utilize a simple example of a Hawaiian-shirt production process. The note is divided into the following six sections: 1. Mapping a Process . . .
Adorno, Goethe, and the Politics of the Essay

Adorno’s “Der Essay als Form” and Goethe’s “Der Versuch als Vermittler von Objekt und Subjekt” are closely related by virtue of their politicization of aesthetics. In textual process as well as statement, both — Adorno in an examination of the essay genre, and Goethe in a statement on scientific method that is sooner a discussion of the essay — describe a kind of writing that subverts the totalizing, tyrannical discourse of the system.
The effect of pelvic motion on spinopelvic parameters

Abstract Background Context To date, many studies have examined how pelvic position affects the spinal curvature and spinopelvic parameters. However, these studies focus on a static relationship, comparing pelvis and spine in a relaxed or baseline position only. Indeed, the spinopelvic connection is dynamic, as subjects can easily be taught to rotate their pelvis anteriorly or posteriorly on the femoral head, all while maintaining an erect posture. Therefore, for a true understanding of pelvic influence on the spinal column, it is necessary to examine spinopelvic parameters in multiple pelvic positions within the same subject. Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the dynamic effect of pelvic motion on the spine and associated radiographic parameters. Study Design This is a single-center, cross-sectional study of 50 healthy, asymptomatic volunteers. Patient Sample Subjects were recruited and screened based on the following criteria: between 18 and 79 years of age; no known spinal, pelvic, or lower extremity pain lasting for >48 hours; no history of spinal, pelvic, or lower extremity dysfunction requiring medical care; no radiographic evidence of spinal or pelvic abnormality, scoliosis deformity, or other associated spinal pathologies; not currently pregnant and with no possibility of being pregnant; and a body mass index of Outcome Measures The outcome measures included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic incidence (PI). Materials and Methods This study was funded by a Small Exploratory Research Grant from the Scoliosis Research Society. Each subject was instructed and observed to stand in three different positions: pelvic resting, anterior pelvic rotation, and posterior pelvic rotation. Lateral standing radiographs were taken in each position and each image was examined by an orthopedic spine surgeon who digitally measured the TK, LL, SVA, PT, SS, and PI. The data were then statistically examined to determine the affect of pelvic position on each parameter. Results Subjects demonstrated a measurable, statistically significant change in each parameter with pelvic rotation. There was a clear pattern of change for LL, PT, and SS with the anterior and posterior pelvic rotations. A change in LL demonstrated a strong correlation with changes in all measured parameters with pelvic rotation. Conclusions In asymptomatic subjects, pelvic motion affects the position of the spinal column and resultant spinopelvic parameters. The results of this study demonstrate that one can intentionally change the position of the pelvis and the adjacent spinal column in space. Knowledge of this relationship is important to the understanding of sagittal balance and could influence the treatment of patients with spinal deformity.
The managerial and relational dimensions of public-nonprofit human service contracting:

Public-nonprofit contracting for human services is complicated by the difficulty of fully specifying contracts in the face of complex human service delivery issues. To understand how public and non...
Acquiescing to intuition: Believing what we know isn't so

When people identify an error in their initial judgment, they typically try to correct it. But, in some cases, they choose not to—even when they know, in the moment, that they are being irrational or making a mistake. A baseball fan may know that he cannot affect the pitcher from his living room but still be reluctant to say “no-hitter.” A person may learn that flying in an airplane is statistically safer than driving a car and still refuse to fly. Dual-process models of judgment and decision making often implicitly assume that if an error is detected, it will be corrected. Recent work suggests, however, that models should decouple error detection and correction. Indeed, people can explicitly recognize that their intuitive judgment is wrong but, nevertheless, stick with it, a phenomenon known as acquiescence. My goals are to offer criteria for identifying acquiescence, consider why people acquiesce even when it incurs a cost, discuss how lessons that are learned in cases when acquiescence is clearly identified can be exported to cases when acquiescence may be harder to establish, and, more broadly, describe the implications of a model that decouples error detection and error correction.
Compliance with Postpartum Diabetes Screening Recommendations for Patients with Gestational Diabetes.

Abstract Background: The role of provider type and level of training have not been examined in regard to impact on postpartum testing for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Objective: We sought to determine rates of testing in urban GDM patients and to determine factors associated with diabetes screening compliance, focusing especially on provider type. Methods: Class A1 or A2 GDM patients were identified by chart review. Outcomes included ordering and/or performance of postpartum testing for diabetes mellitus. Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Of the 118 patients identified (55% class A1), 58% were African American, 52% had medical assistance insurance, and 83% attended the postpartum visit. Diabetes testing was discussed at 68% of all postpartum visits, but was only ordered at 55% of visits. The 2-hour glucose tolerance test was ordered at 42 of the 98 (43%) of postpartum visits; however, only 16 tests were completed. Patients seeing resid...
Microparticulate Drug Carriers

Several type of microparticulate carriers have been employed in recent years in conjunction with a wide variety of drugs and a broad range of therapeutic goals. One of the most salient characteristics of microparticulate materials as drug carriers is that, in general, the drug-carrrier complex must be administered parenterally, usually by intravenous injection. Thus, an understanding of the in vivo behavior of the drug carrier and its interaction with a number of critical biological systems becomes an important aspect of designing therapeutic strategies relying on microparticulate carriers. In this chapter I will briefly describe the physical characteristics and preparation of several types of microparticulate drug carrier complexes. I will then go on to consider their interaction with the vasculature and the reticuloendothelial system and how this affects behavior in vivo. Finally, I will discuss selected therapeutic applications which seem consonant with the biological properties of microparticulate carriers. Many of the issues discussed in this chapter have been reviewed at greater length elsewhere (Poznanski & Juliano, 1984; Juliano, 1984).
Technology integration for teaching and learning Spanish in elementary schools: Voices of designers, teachers and students

viii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 3 References 6 CALL EVALUATION FOR EARLY FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION 10 Abstract 10 Introduction 10 Recent Reviews of the Literature 13 Selection of the Literature and a Description of the Findings 14 Critical Analysis 22 Discussion of the Literature 23 Multivocality 23 Contextualization 26 Interpretation 27 Working towards interpretivism 29 Summary Emphasizing the Value of an Interpretivist Approach 33 Proposed multivocality 36 Proposed contextualization 38 Proposed interpretation 39 Overview of the proposed framework 40 Conclusion 40 Acknowledgments 41 References 42
Newtonian Coating Flows

Figure 10.1 shows the method of coating a moving substrate by allowing a liquid curtain under the influence of gravity to fall on it.
Challenges for Oversight Over Multiple Award Task and Delivery Order Contracting: The New Frontier in Contracting Methods

The procurement environment has evolved since the enactment of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994 (FASA), the Services Acquisition Reform Act of 2003 (SARA), and the regulatory changes resulting from the procurement reform initiatives. Traditionally, federal government agencies procured goods and services through agency-specific contracts awarded to a single contractor. But single contract awards and the concept of full and open competition appear to be the exception rather than the rule. Contracting methods have had to keep pace with the substantial increase in federal government procurement of services. Today, there are three predominant contracting methods for procuring goods, but especially services: traditional single award contracts, General Services Administration (GSA) contracts, and single and multiple award indefinite quantity contracts, a subset being described as ID/IQ contracts. This essay will primarily critique the single and multiple award ID/IQ contract method.
A visual wikipedia for satellite imagery

GeoVisipedia (Geospatial Visual Wikipedia) is a new and novel approach to sharing knowledge about complex geospatial entities such as facilities. Facilities are composed of interconnected objects such as buildings, chemical processing units, electrical generation equipment and similar structures. Satellite imagery of a facility reveals a great deal about the organization and visual appearance of objects in a facility, but very little about the identity or function of the object. For example, given a satellite imagery of an oil refinery, an expert in refining readily identifies distillation units and can explain how they work. A non-expert would have a very difficult time identifying these objects let alone explaining how they function. To make highly complex information accessible to non-experts, GeoVisipedia associates a wiki page with objects in satellite imagery. A user selects an object in the image and a wiki page appears that provides the user with detailed information about the object. Experts can author information into the wiki and this information is shared with other users. Additionally, GeoVisipedia automatically transfers all wiki pages from one image of a facility to other imagery of the facility. Consequentially, knowledge about objects in the facility integrates over time as new imagery becomes available and as new wiki pages are created and additional information is added to existing wiki pages. In this respect, satellite imagery becomes a portal to expert knowledge and insight about objects in a facility.
Fine-Scale Measurements of Velocity, Temperature, and Humidity in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

The atmospheric boundary layer is usually characterized by turbulent motion, and this motion extends to very small length and time scales. Important scalar quantities such as temperature, humidity, and trace gases are mixed by turbulent motion and also have fluctuations at small scales. (We do not consider pressure fluctuations.) Turbulent velocity fluctuations are detectable at scale sizes of a few millimeters or less.
Emerging Molecular, Imaging and Technological Advances in the Field of Robotic Surgery

A wide variety of novel technologies are currently under development to augment the existing benefits of robot-assisted surgery. A key concept is the emergence of image-guided robotic surgery, and this includes advanced optical and molecular imaging, such as confocal microscopy, as well as integrated intraoperative imaging with more traditional modalities, such as ultrasound. In addition, advances in robotic technology have not only resulted in the innovation of new intraoperative capabilities and potential competitors to the existing robotic platforms, but may also revolutionize the approach to urologic surgery with novel procedure-specific robots.
Polyphonic pitch perception in cochlear implant users

Cochlear implant (CI) devices take advantage of the tonotopic organization of the auditory nerve to provide moderate speech recognition. While commercial place-pitch strategies are sufficient for speech comprehension in quiet conditions, CI users struggle to detect multiple, simultaneous sources of pitch. In a polyphonic pitch-trajectory task, two streams (low and high pitch) are presented simultaneously. Participants perform a 1-interval-4-alternative forced-choice procedure to identify which stream changed in pitch and whether it went higher or lower in pitch (low-lower/low-higher/high-lower/high-higher). The low and high streams are high-rate pulsetrains modulated at 110 Hz and 220 Hz, respectively. The stimulus is 1 s in duration and the target stream contains an ascending or descending modulation-frequency sweep over the last 200 ms. The low stream will be presented to the most apical electrode and the high stream presented to electrode separations of 0, 2, 4, and 8. Preliminary results indicate that CI users perform better on the electrode psychophysical tasks than on acoustic variations. Additionally, performance is improved with sharper temporal envelopes. These results suggest that CI users are able to perceive polyphonic pitch and that resolution is limited by how temporal information is conveyed by clinical devices.
Spatial receptive field structure of double-opponent and simple cells in macaque primary visual cortex

ABSTRACT Double-opponent (DO) cells are well-suited to contribute to the spatial processing of color due to their spatially opponent and cone-opponent receptive fields (RFs). However, the representation of visual images by DO cells in monkey primary visual cortex is unclear because the spatial RF structure of DO cells has not been fully characterized. Early reports suggested that DO cells have center-surround RFs, but more recent studies have shown that some DO cells are orientation-tuned. To characterize the RFs of DO cells, we mapped them in awake fixating macaques, fit them with parametric models, and compared them to the benchmark of orientation-tuned simple cells. Neurons were stimulated with colorful, dynamic white noise patterns. Spike-triggered averaging was used to classify each neuron as simple, DO, or neither and to measure its spatial RF. The spatial RF of each neuron was fitted with a Gabor model and a Difference of Gaussians (DoG) model. The Gabor model provided the more accurate description, a result that is incompatible with a center-surround RF organization. The superiority of the Gabor fits was slightly more decisive for simple than for DO cells. A modified (non-concentric) DoG model performed nearly as well as the Gabor model for DO cells.
Deconstructing the white visitor: Autoethnography and Critical White Studies in study abroad programs

Study abroad experiences provide teacher education programs with an opportunity to immerse their teacher candidates within linguistic and cultural contexts capable of broadening their views beyond ...
CROSS-SUPERVISED OBJECT DETECTION

After learning a new object category from image-level annotations (with no object bounding boxes), humans are remarkably good at precisely localizing those objects. However, building good object localizers (i.e., detectors) currently requires expensive instance-level annotations. While some work has been done on learning detectors from weakly labeled samples (with only class labels), these detectors do poorly at localization. In this work, we show how to build better object detectors from weakly labeled images of new categories by leveraging knowledge learned from fully labeled base categories. We call this learning paradigm cross-supervised object detection. While earlier works investigated this paradigm, they did not apply it to realistic complex images (e.g., COCO), and their performance was poor. We propose a unified framework that combines a detection head trained from instance-level annotations and a recognition head learned from image-level annotations, together with a spatial correlation module that bridges the gap between detection and recognition. These contributions enable us to better detect novel objects with image-level annotations in complex multi-object scenes such as the COCO dataset.
The Quest for Energy-Aware Computing: Confessions of an Accidental Engineer

As a professor of electrical and computer engineering, I consider myself lucky and privileged to educate wonderful undergraduate students, do cutting edge research with exceptional graduate students, and work or collaborate with outstanding colleagues. To be able to reflect on the past and project how we can shape our future, we must unequivocally connect to where we started, in the “why” that makes us move forward when we succeed but most importantly, when we do not. I am a computer engineer, but have become one—or perhaps, even a better one—not despite but because I have started as a potential math major in my teenage years, yet turned to be a computer science graduate. It was when I delved through my computer engineering PhD degree that I put together the beauty of math with the theoretical grounding of computer science, and their direct application to solving concrete engineering problems. This has guided and continues to guide my research, the engineering problems I choose to solve, and the approach I identify for their solution. My work as a researcher for the better part of my career has centered on making computing systems more energy efficient, by adapting them to the applications they run, the users they have, or the environment they operate in. Today, our children and even us take these systems for granted: our phones, smart consumer electronics, or cars all rely on systems that carry more (in fact thousands of times more) computing power than ENIAC, the first computer ever built 70 years ago. I am proud to have been part of the generation that has built the tools that enabled this amazing trend that allows us today to have more smart devices than humans that live on this planet. I am not only proud to have contributed to this inspiring quest but also lucky to have been contemporary to the unprecedented growth and ubiquity of electronic devices. Nevertheless, my path was unlike the vast majority of engineers or scientists you may know.
Factors Influencing Emergency Department Utilization and Hospital Re-Admissions in a Predominantly Obese, Racially Diverse Urban Renal Transplant Population.

Introduction:Early emergency department and hospital re-admissions are common in renal transplant recipients, but data are lacking in unique populations. Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to...
What race and gender stand for: using Markov blankets to identify constitutive and mediating relationships

A growing body of research points to the limitations of conceptualizing and measuring race and gender using a single, time-invariant categorical variable. Researchers have argued that the complex processes underlying race and gender cannot meaningfully be reduced into these categories, and that these measures tend to generate essentialist misconceptions. Yet even if more nuanced measures of race and gender have been developed, most datasets in social sciences still contain single categorical variables to measure these constructs. In this paper, I argue that one way of empirically investigating the meaning and role that these variables play in a specific system is by identifying their Markov blanket, which is composed of the variables carrying all information about the variable of interest. I illustrate this exploratory approach by searching for the Markov blanket of race and gender in a nationally representative dataset containing a wide range of factors related to child development.
Sensorimotor outcomes in adrenomyeloneuropathy show significant disease progression.

BACKGROUND Current outcomes used to evaluate adrenomyeloneuropathy are limited by rater bias, not sensitive to preclinical changes and require years to decades to detect disease progression. Quantitative outcomes are needed that detect meaningful change in a short time period over a broad range of disability. OBJECTIVE To track sensorimotor outcomes in adults with adrenomyeloneuropathy and evaluate differences in progression between men and women. METHODS This prospective observational cohort study analyzes data collected annually in the Phase III study of adults with adrenomyeloneuropathy. Outcomes include postural sway in four static standing conditions, great-toe vibration, hip strength, walking velocity, timed up-and-go, and six-minute walk distance. Linear mixed model analysis was used to detect change in the outcomes in 2 years, correcting for age, sex, disability, symptom duration and treatment across the cohort. Modeling was repeated for each sex to evaluate differences. Power computations were done by sex and for the full dataset. RESULTS 61 men and 87 women participated. Average age, 46±12yrs; Expanded Disability Status Scale, 3 (1-6.5); symptom duration, 10.8±9.4yrs. The cohort showed significant worsening in all standing conditions (p<0.001), sensation (p=0.0223) and strength (p=0.001); but more stability in walking with only velocity (p<0.0337) significantly declining. For each sex, postural sway declines significantly in all conditions (p<0.01)) except for eyes closed feet together for women. Strength declines significantly by sex for hip flexion (p<0.03). Sex-specific significant decline is seen in walking (velocity p=0.0276; distance p=0.0072) for men only. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative measures of postural sway, sensation strength and walking are effective measures of adrenomyeloneuropathy progression in 2 years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rapid prototyping test-bed of logic control solutions for reconfigurable manufacturing systems

To properly deal with the increasing complexity of industrial distributed and agile manufacturing control systems, the use of methods and tools that support the designer in the definition, implementation and verification of intelligent logic control software is more and more necessary. Nowadays, many different software tools are available to face the rapid prototyping and closed loop simulation based verification of an automation system control software. Not so many hardware architecture are available to implement an hardware in the loop simulation where the controlled device consists of a real small scale industrial plant. In the present work a modular test-bed architecture which allows a complete simulation based verification of manufacturing plants logic control systems, and then its rapid prototyping, is discussed, with reference to an application example in the shoe manufacturing sector
Studies on the Quaternary Structure of the Threonine‐Sensitive Aspartokinase‐Homoserine Dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli

The threonine-sensitive aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli can exist either as a tetramer (Mr= 360000) or a dimer, depending on the conditions. The subunit interactions of this enzyme have been investigated by reacting-enzyme sedimentation, gel filtration, and electrophoresis. Mild proteolysis with trypsin converts the native enzyme to a dimer which is smaller (Mr= 110000) than the native dimer (Mr= 175000). The new dimer fragment possesses homoserine dehydrogenase activity, sediments as a 6-S species in reacting-enzyme sedimentation but does not show aspartokinase activity. The dehydrogenase activity is lower, however, and the inhibition by threonine of this reaction has largely been lost. l-Threonine or to a lesser extent l-aspartate plus potassium ion protect aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase against proteolysis probably by stabilization of the tetrameric form of the enzyme. Conditions which promote the formation of dimer (removal of effectors) increase the susceptibility to proteolysis. Various treatments cause dissociation of tetrameric aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase, namely alteration of pH, removal of effectors, proteolysis, or sulfhydryl modification. Singly or in combination these treatments always resulted in the formation of dimers (6 S to 8 S in reacting enzyme sedimentation) rather than monomers. This finding strongly indicates that the dimers are formed in all cases by disruption of the same intersubunit bonding domain of the tetramer. Based upon these and other studies, we have proposed a subunit interaction model for aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase. The model describes a molecule in which each of four identical subunits contains somewhat independent entities corresponding to aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase activities. The native tetramer is held together solely by isologous interactions, two between aspartokinase entities and two between regions in which aspartokinase and homoserine dehydrogenase entities overlap. Dissociation by all mild treatments is explained by cleavage of the isologous interaction between aspartokinase entities resulting in loss of aspartokinase activity and production of a homoserine dehydrogenase dimeric unit.
Middle atmosphere trace constituents; Proceedings of Workshop 9 of the Twenty-sixth COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Toulouse, France, June 30-July 11, 1986

Papers are presented on a reference model for stratospheric NO2, a proposed reference model for nitric acid, proposed reference models for ozone, and a background stratospheric aerosol reference model. Other topics include a comparison between the observed and calculated distributions of trace species in the middle atmosphere, recent measurements of trace constituents from rocket and balloon probes, NO2 field observations in the stratosphere during the MAP/GLOBUS Campaign in 1983 and 1985, and the vertical distribution of ozone in the equatorial zone. Also considered are precision measurements of stratospheric ozone profiles by rocket-borne optical ozonesondes, vertical profiles of source gases at tropical latitudes, and measurements of stratospheric trace constituent distributions from balloon-borne far infrared observations.
Lipoma of the tongue; report of a case.

Abstract A case of lipoma of the tongue is presented. The occurrence of a lipoma in this structure is rare.
EMISSION FROM IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY GASOLINE TRUCKS

Apportionment of air pollution to sources requires knowledge of source emission strengths and/or chemical and physical characteristics. The literature is deficient in data useful for this purpose for heavy-duty motor vehicles, which can be important sources of air pollution in certain microenvironments. Emissions factors are developed in this study for heavy-duty gasoline trucks using chassis dynamometer simulations of urban driving conditions. The sensitivity of the emissions to such considerations as the characteristics of the speed-time driving schedule, vehicle payload, and chassis configuration are examined. Emissions characterization includes total and individual hydrocarbons, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, total particulate matter, particulate organics, lead, bromine, chlorine, and the fraction of total particulate less than 2 ..mu..m. Preliminary comparisons of emissions obtained using transient engine and transient chassis test procedures are also reported.
Binding Affinity and Inhibitory Properties of a Single-Chain Anti-T Cell Receptor Antibody*

The antigen-specific function of T cells is mediated through a surface receptor (alpha beta). Antibodies to the receptor can either inhibit or activate the T cell depending on the multimeric form of the antibody and the isotype of the antibody constant regions. To further examine and eventually control these antagonistic properties, an anti-receptor antibody (1B2) was engineered by linking the variable region genes of the heavy and light chains to form a single-chain binding domain (scFv). The native 1B2 antibody recognizes determinants on the variable regions of both the alpha and beta subunits of the T cell receptor. The scFv gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and after folding by dilution of solubilized inclusion bodies, scFv protein was purified as both a 29,000-Da monomer and a noncovalently associated 54,000-Da dimer. The binding affinity of the monomer (KD = 17 nM) was 20-fold lower than that of 1B2 Fab fragments (KD = 0.9 nM). In contrast, the binding affinity of the dimer (KD = 1.6 nM) was approximately 2-fold lower than that of 1B2 Fab fragments. Both forms were able to inhibit recognition by the T cell, but the dimer was significantly more effective than the monomer. Inhibition was observed for T cell recognition of either the conventional ligand (a peptide bound to a class I product of the major histocompatibility complex) or the "superantigen" ligand (staphylococcal enterotoxin B bound to a class II product of the major histocompatibility complex). The results suggest that scFv dimers are the most active form of at least some scFv preparations and that the dimers may have the most potential for inhibiting detrimental in vivo T cell activity.
Globular Clusters and the Distance to the Galactic Centre

An unbiased estimate of the centroid of the globular cluster population assuming the standard distance scale for metal-poor clusters gives a value of 6.8 ± 0.8 kpc for our distance from the Galactic Centre. A consistent centroid for the metal-rich clusters is obtained only if the absolute magnitude of their horizonal branch is taken to be 0.5 magnitudes fainter than that of metal-poor globular clusters.
Anomalous effect of denaturants on sulfitolysis of protein disulfide bonds. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects using glycinin

The effect of three protein denaturants, urea, guanidinium hydrochloride and guanidinium thiocyanate on the cupric ion-catalyzed oxidative sulfitolysis of disulfide bonds of glycinin was studied by following the kinetics of the reaction. The rate constant for sulfitolysis increased with the concentration of each denaturant and reached constancy at 8M urea, 6M guanidinium hydrochloride and 6M guanidinium thiocyanate, but the extent of sulfitolysis at the final denaturant concentrations was different. The reaction rate followed the order 8M urea > 6M guanidinium hydrochloride > 6M guanidinium thiocyanate as compared to the control sulfitolysis reaction. Determination of thermodynamic activation parameters revealed a higher positive free energy of activation in the case of 6 M guanidinium salts compared to 8 M urea. This was contributed by a higher negative entropy of activation causing the reaction to proceed slowly. The increase in the negative entropy of activation could arise from the repulsion of SO=3 ions from the more negatively charged surface of the protein in the presence of guanidinium salts compared to urea. This in turn might arise from the preferential binding of the anion components of the guanidinium salts.
Syntheses, Structures, and Characterization of the Two-Dimensional Tellurides CsCu2MTe4(M= Nb, Ta)

Abstract The new compounds CsCu2MTe4(M= Nb, Ta) have been synthesized at 900°C through the reaction of Cu and Nb or Ta with a Cs2Te3/Te melt as a reactive flux. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements show that both compounds crystallize in the space groupPn21Aof the orthorhombic system with four formula units in cells of dimensionsA= 8.198(2) A,b= 5.988(2) A,c= 20.527(6) A,V= 1007.7(6) A3at 113 K forM= Nb, andA= 8.217(5) A,b= 5.992(5) A,c= 20.562(14) A,V= 1012(1) A3at 113 K forM= Ta. The two compounds are isostructural. The structure of CsCu2NbTe4comprises infinite, two-dimensional layers of Cu- and Nb-centered tetrahedra; Cs+cations separate the layers. Each Cs+cation is coordinated by nine Te atoms at the corners of a highly distorted tricapped trigonal prism. Both phases are highly resistive.
As crianças com síndrome Cornélia de Lange na escola comum: desafios e superação a partir de relatos familiares

Neste artigo apresentamos uma crianca matriculada na escola comum acometida pela Sindrome Cornelia de Lange ou SCdL, doenca genetica rara que pode levar a graves anomalias, podendo afetar tanto o desenvolvimento fisico quanto intelectual de uma pessoa. Para tanto, trazemos uma visao geral da sindrome, com suas caracteristicas, diagnostico e tratamento. Em seguida apresentamos o depoimento dos professores e da mae da crianca com SCdL, fazendo algumas analises a partir dos relatos. Finalmente, tecemos alguns comentarios a respeito da crianca na escola comum. O objetivo e, a partir das vozes dos entrevistados, mostrar algumas praticas vivenciadas no cotidiano para trabalhar com a crianca com SCdL. A metodologia utilizada e estudo de caso e o procedimento para coleta de dados e pesquisa na biblioteca eletronica Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), no site da CdLS Foundation e entrevistas com a mae da crianca e seus professores. Nesse estudo ficou evidente as possibilidades de trabalho pedagogico que podem ser realizadas apos o impacto inicial causado ao deparar-se com uma crianca com deficiencia.