cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of an SMS-Based Smoking Intervention Using Message Self-Authorship: A Pilot Study.

Introduction Text-message-based interventions hold great potential for intervention and are increasingly feasible, given advances in information technology. Aims This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare the efficacy of self-versus expert-authored content delivered via text-messaging for smoking cessation. Methods Sixty-two participants aged 25-66 attended laboratory sessions pre- and post-30 days of text-messaging intervention. Participants were randomised to one of two experimental conditions - self-authorship (SA) only and SA with implementation intentions (SA+ii) - or active control. Participants composed 30-60 brief motivational cessation messages for use during their cessation attempt. SA+ii participants were further instructed to anticipate obstacles and form simple if-then plans to overcome them. Experimental groups received their self-authored texts during the intervention phase, whereas control participants received expert-authored messages. Results Overall, smoking decreased as measured by change in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), F(1,59) = 4.43, p = 0.04. The SA+ii group showed slightly greater CO reduction (M = 3.63, SD = 5.39) than control (M = 0.03, SD = 5.80; t(40) = 2.08, p = 0.04). SA alone (M = 1.97, SD = 9.30) was not more effective than control. Conclusions SA does not appear to increase efficacy. However, this pilot supports prior research, indicating that text-based interventions can increase smoking cessation success and may decrease psychological symptoms of withdrawal. Much research is needed to identify ways to bolster intervention efficacy.
Effects of angular misalignment on material property characterization by nanoindentation with a cylindrical flat-tip indenter

Nanoindentation techniques are commonly used to characterize nanomechanical properties of microscaled and nanoscaled materials. Nanoindentation using a cylindrical flat-tip indenter has a constant contact area which makes it a reliable source to find material’s yield strength as well as other mechanical properties. However, an angular misalignment of the indenter with the specimen results in experimental error. In this work, the effects of angular misalignment on the nanoindentation testing with a cylindrical flat-tip indenter were numerically analyzed. A three-dimensional nanoindentation solid model was generated, computer modeling based on finite element analysis was conducted. The angle of misalignment ranged from 0° to 1°. Young’s modulus and hardness were evaluated. Based on the hemispherical stress–strain distribution assumption of an elastic plastic indentation, corrected depths and modifiers were proposed for adjusting material’s 0.1% offset and 0.2% offset yield strengths. Low carbon steel AISI 1018 was selected as sample material for indentation testing and modeling validation.
Keynote talk: Experiences with MapReduce, an abstraction for large-scale computation

MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a Map function that processes a key/value pair to generate a set of intermediate key/value pairs, and a Reduce function that merges all intermediate values associated with the same intermediate key. Many real world tasks are expressible in this model. Programs written in this functional style are automatically parallelized and executed on a large cluster of commodity machines. The MapReduce run-time system takes care of the details of partitioning the input data, scheduling the program's execution across a set of machines, handling machine failures, and managing the required inter-machine communication. This allows programmers without any experience with parallel and distributed systems to easily utilize the resources of a large distributed system. Our implementation of MapReduce runs on a large cluster of commodity machines and is highly scalable: a typical MapReduce computation processes many terabytes of data on thousands of machines. Programmers find the system easy to use: thousands of MapReduce programs have been implemented and several thousand thousand MapReduce jobs are executed on Google's clusters every day. In this talk I'll describe the basic programming model, discuss our experience using it in a variety of domains, and talk about the implications of programming models like MapReduce as one paradigm to simplify development of parallel software for multi-core microprocessors.
SMN Blood Levels in a Porcine Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Background Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease that results in loss of spinal motor neurons, muscular weakness and, in severe cases, respiratory failure and death. SMA is caused by a deletion or mutation of the SMN1 gene and retention of the SMN2 gene that leads to low SMN expression levels.The measurement of SMN mRNA levels in peripheral blood samples has been used in SMA clinical studies as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for response to therapies designed to increase SMN levels. We recently developed a postnatal porcine model of SMA by the viral delivery of a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting porcine SMN (pSMN). scAAV9-mediated knockdown of pSMN mRNA at postnatal day 5 results in denervation, weakness and motor neuron and ventral root axon loss that begins 3-4 weeks after viral delivery, and this phenotype can be ameliorated by subsequent viral delivery of human SMN (hSMN). Objective To determine if the effect of modulating SMN levels using gene therapy can be measured in blood. Methods We measured expression of pSMN mRNA and hSMN mRNA by quantitative droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results We found that the endogenous expression of pSMN mRNA in blood increases in the first month of life. However, there were no significant differences in blood levels of pSMN mRNA after knock-down or of human SMN mRNA after gene therapy. Conclusions Our results, obtained in a large animal model of SMA that is similar in size and anatomy to human infants, suggest that measurement of SMN mRNA levels in blood may not be informative in SMA clinical trials involving intrathecal delivery of SMN-modulating therapies.
Concerto: A High Concurrency Key-Value Store with Integrity

Verifying the integrity of outsourced data is a classic, well-studied problem. However current techniques have fundamental performance and concurrency limitations for update-heavy workloads. In this paper, we investigate the potential advantages of deferred and batched verification rather than the per-operation verification used in prior work. We present Concerto, a comprehensive key-value store designed around this idea. Using Concerto, we argue that deferred verification preserves the utility of online verification and improves concurrency resulting in orders-of-magnitude performance improvement. On standard benchmarks, the performance of Concerto is within a factor of two when compared to state-of-the-art key-value stores without integrity.
The effects of sampling location and turbulence on discharge estimates in short converging turbine intakes

ABSTRACTStandards provide recommendations for best practice when installing current meters to measure fluid flow in closed conduits. A central guideline requires the velocity distribution to be regular and the flow steady. Because of the nature of the short converging intakes typical of low-head hydroturbines, these assumptions may be invalid if current meters are intended to be used to estimate discharge. Usual concerns are (1) the effects of the number of devices, (2) the sampling location and (3) the high turbulence caused by the presence of fish diversion screens. These three effects were examined in the present study by using 3D simulated flow fields in both steady-state and transient modes. In the process of describing an application at an existing hydroturbine intake at Ice Harbor Dam, the present work outlined the methods involved, which combined computational fluid dynamics, laboratory measurements in physical models of the hydroturbine, and current meter performance evaluations in experimental s...
Noncontact 3-D Speckle Contrast Diffuse Correlation Tomography of Tissue Blood Flow Distribution

Recent advancements in near-infrared diffuse correlation techniques and instrumentation have opened the path for versatile deep tissue microvasculature blood flow imaging systems. Despite this progress there remains a need for a completely noncontact, noninvasive device with high translatability from small/testing (animal) to large/target (human) subjects with trivial application on both. Accordingly, we discuss our newly developed setup which meets this demand, termed noncontact speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (nc_scDCT). The nc_scDCT provides fast, continuous, portable, noninvasive, and inexpensive acquisition of 3-D tomographic deep (up to 10 mm) tissue blood flow distributions with straightforward design and customization. The features presented include a finite-element-method implementation for incorporating complex tissue boundaries, fully noncontact hardware for avoiding tissue compression and interactions, rapid data collection with a diffuse speckle contrast method, reflectance-based design promoting experimental translation, extensibility to related techniques, and robust adjustable source and detector patterns and density for high resolution measurement with flexible regions of interest enabling unique application-specific setups. Validation is shown in the detection and characterization of both high and low contrasts in flow relative to the background using tissue phantoms with a pump-connected tube (high) and phantom spheres (low). Furthermore, in vivo validation of extracting spatiotemporal 3-D blood flow distributions and hyperemic response during forearm cuff occlusion is demonstrated. Finally, the success of instrument feasibility in clinical use is examined through the intraoperative imaging of mastectomy skin flap.
Placing workplace wellness in proper context: value beyond money.

Most companies in the United States now offer some kind of wellness programming to their employees. In 2012, about half of US employers with at least 50 employees and more than 90% with more than 50,000 employees offered a workplace wellness program (1). Employer surveys (eg, the 2011 Automatic Data Processing Survey) suggest that the most often-cited reasons for offering these programs include improved employee health, health care cost control, increased productivity, and absenteeism reduction. Each of these reasons is quantifiable, and their value can be monetized, allowing for a calculation of savings and an estimation of a return on investment (ROI). Yet it isn’t necessarily always about saving money. Dr Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, president and chief executive officer of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, notes in a recent online post that companies committed to nurturing a culture of well-being consider broader motivations, including low turnover rates, attraction of top candidates, job satisfaction, and recruitment and retention of workers (2). Each factor was reported as being a more important driver of workplace wellness programs than ROI. There is understandable interest in learning if, and how, workplace wellness programs produce results and generate savings. Publications on the effect of workplace wellness on financial outcomes continue to accumulate (1–5), but instead of producing consistency and clarity, they have introduced doubt and controversy. Systematic reviews and meta-analytic findings indicate that workplace wellness can generate savings (3). However, recent ROI studies indicate that such savings come only from disease management (DM) programs not lifestyle management (LM) programs (1). To gain clarity, 2 issues must be addressed. First, there is a need to standardize the definition of workplace wellness programs so that casual use of what constitutes such programs can be avoided. Second, research approaches should more explicitly recognize that workplace wellness programs generate a range of outcomes, many of them non–health related, that provide substantial value to employers even though they are often not represented in ROI analyses. This essay addresses these 2 issues in the context of a set of best practice program-design principles that allow for properly designed workplace wellness programs to be differentiated from other activities that, although well-intended, may not rise to the level of a bona fide program.
Teacher sense-making about being responsive to students’ science ideas: A case study

Being responsive to the substance of students’ disciplinary thinking is central to current visions of reformed science teaching. Studies of classroom practice, however, show that this kind of teaching is relatively rare. In this paper, we use data from one cohort of university physics Learning Assistants (LAs) to illustrate what it looks like for teachers to sense-make about being responsive to student thinking. We draw on the theoretical lens of sense-making – including Spillane et al.’s (2002) notion that teachers need opportunities to sense-make not only about the substance of new instructional approaches but also their own relationship to these approaches – to unpack the central questions that LAs asked about being responsive. We give evidence from course assignments that these LAs’ extended sense-making was productive both (1) for their attention to the substance of student thinking and (2) to their identification with responsiveness as a central facet of good instruction. Our case study highlights the tensions that teachers may experience as they enter this instructional space and what “resolution” of such tensions can look like.
Energy Methods for Shells

In structural mechanics three energy principles are used Minimum Potential Energy, Minimum Complementary Energy, and Reissner’s Variational Theorem. The first two are discussed at length in Sokolnikoff [10.1] and many other references. The Reissner Variational Theorem, likewise, is widely referenced. In solid mechanics, Minimum Complementary Energy is rarely used, because often it requires assuming continuous functions for all stresses which satisfy the boundary conditions, are continuous and satisfy equilibrium. It is usually far easier to make a guess at the displacement functions which must be continuous and satisfy the boundary conditions. These displacement functions are needed to utilize the Theorem of Minimum Potential Energy.
From Risk to Resilience: Promoting School-Health Partnerships for Children

Across the globe, educational and health practitioners wrestle daily with the paradoxes of risk and resilience. Though the causes of risk are gener- ally outside the control of professionals, manifestations of disadvantage directly affect service delivery and the realizing of accountability benchmarks. This article proposes a shift in attention from risk to resilience as being empowering and proactive for students and those vested in maximizing their potential. Given that resilience has been deemed an ecological phenomenon, the ecology of human development framework posited by Uri Bronfenbrenner (1979) was applied to ad- vance the rationale for resiliency partnerships between schools and school-based health clinics.
Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis in Children

■ The clinical signs and symptoms of acute bacterial sinusitis overlap with that of non-specific upper respiratory tract viral infection (strong evidence).
Think Globally, Dig Locally

I argue in this book that historical archaeologists study the creation and constant re-creation of the modern world. To make this study, I contend that historical archaeologists should adopt a global perspective that unambiguously understands the significance of past networks of interaction. On one level, my position is difficult to argue against. Few practicing historical archaeologists would ever propose that they should unfairly restrict their investigations. In fact, I suspect that most historical archaeologists would readily acknowledge the need to think in big terms when examining the past. Not many would chose to turn a blind eye to any body of information that would help them to establish the contexts of the sites they study. Historical archaeology is blessed with a wide array of potential source materials, and most historical archaeologists readily embrace the variety. Nonetheless, many archaeologists also may argue that they can focus only on individual communities when they conduct excavations. In many cases, the very specificity of these excavations can cause the exclusion of the wider contexts that extend far beyond the site’s perceived boundaries (Chapter 2).
Certified organic food production, financial performance, and farm size: An unconditional quantile regression approach

Demand for organically produced foods continues to show double-digit growth. However, production of certified organic food in the US has lagged significantly. Hence it provides tremendous scope as well as a challenge for the U.S. organic food production (OFP) sector. This study investigates the impact of farmer’s participation in certified OFP on farm financial performance. Using a 2012 nationwide farm-level survey and an unconditional quantile regression (UQR) approach, we find a significant heterogeneous effect of certified OFP across quantiles of farm financial performance measures (i.e., total sales and net cash farm income). Findings show that participation in certified OFP is positive and varies across the unconditional total sales quantile. The marginal impact of participation in certified OFP is higher for farms generating higher sales and net cash income, top three quantiles (75th and up). However, small farms tend to benefit from participation in certified OFP when we use farm sales as performance measure. Finally, UQR estimates show that gender of the operator, off-farm work, marketing contracts, and direct-to-consumer sales have a significant impact on farm financial performance.
Unified Semantic Parsing with Weak Supervision.

Semantic parsing over multiple knowledge bases enables a parser to exploit structural similarities of programs across the multiple domains. However, the fundamental challenge lies in obtaining high-quality annotations of (utterance, program) pairs across various domains needed for training such models. To overcome this, we propose a novel framework to build a unified multi-domain enabled semantic parser trained only with weak supervision (denotations). Weakly supervised training is particularly arduous as the program search space grows exponentially in a multi-domain setting. To solve this, we incorporate a multi-policy distillation mechanism in which we first train domain-specific semantic parsers (teachers) using weak supervision in the absence of the ground truth programs, followed by training a single unified parser (student) from the domain specific policies obtained from these teachers. The resultant semantic parser is not only compact but also generalizes better, and generates more accurate programs. It further does not require the user to provide a domain label while querying. On the standard Overnight dataset (containing multiple domains), we demonstrate that the proposed model improves performance by 20% in terms of denotation accuracy in comparison to baseline techniques.
An efficient numerical approach for simulating contact in origami assemblages

Origami-inspired structures provide novel solutions to many engineering applications. The presence of self-contact within origami patterns has been difficult to simulate, yet it has significant imp...
Innovation and Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases

Technological advances and investigation into tumor biology have enhanced treatments of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). This article briefly summarizes paradigm shifts in treatments of this disease in the following 4 sections. (1) Small metastases: The treatment of multiple and small CLM has evolved from anatomic resection to parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy. Survival after parenchyma-sparing hepatectomy was similar to or better than anatomic resection. The use of preoperative chemotherapy may cause tumor disappearance. However, the use of fiducial markers may aid in intraoperative localization. Post-resection completion ablation is a new useful treatment concept. It was defined as percutaneous ablation under cross-sectional imaging guidance to eradicate CLM which were intentionally unresected during latest surgery. (2) Bilateral (bilobar) metastases: Two-stage hepatectomy (TSH) is a well-established approach for treating multiple bilateral CLM. The use of hybrid operating room accelerates this sequence because it allows first-stage hepatectomy, portal vein embolization, and computed tomography in one hospitalization. This accelerated TSH sequence enables the second-stage hepatectomy within 4 weeks compared to 8 weeks using conventional TSH sequence. (3) Synchronous lung metastases: For patients with synchronous liver and lung metastases, simultaneous surgical approach is feasible. Specifically, a transdiaphragmatic approach enables simultaneous resection of liver and lung metastases via one abdominal incision. (4) Multiple mutation: Somatic gene mutation testing is increasingly used to evaluate tumor biology. Mutations in TP53, RAS, and SMAD4 affect prognosis through three different signaling pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. This information can be used to change clinical decision-making regarding surveillance intensity and treatments for liver recurrence.
On the Nature of Monozygotic Twin Concordance and Discordance for Autistic Trait Severity: A Quantitative Analysis.

The characterizing features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are continuously distributed in nature; however, prior twin studies have not systematically incorporated this knowledge into estimations of concordance and discordance. We conducted a quantitative analysis of twin–twin similarity for autistic trait severity in three existing data sets involving 366 pairs of uniformly-phenotyped monozygotic (MZ) twins with and without ASD. Probandwise concordance for ASD was 96%; however, MZ trait correlations differed markedly for pairs with ASD trait burden below versus above the threshold for clinical diagnosis, with R2s on the order of 0.6 versus 0.1, respectively. Categorical MZ twin discordance for ASD diagnosis is rare and more appropriately operationalized by standardized quantification of twin–twin differences. Here we provide new evidence that although ASD itself is highly heritable, variation-in-severity of symptomatology above the diagnostic threshold is substantially influenced, in contrast, by non-shared environmental factors which may identify novel targets of early ASD amelioration.
Dynamics of T cell activation mediated by eIF3 interactions with T cell receptor mRNAs

Activation of T cells requires a global surge in cellular protein synthesis, which is accompanied by a large increase in translation initiation (1-4). A central component of the translation initiation machinery-the multi-subunit eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3)-is rapidly turned on when quiescent T cells are stimulated (3). However, the precise role eIF3 plays in activated T cells is not known. Using a global transcriptome crosslinking approach, we show that human eIF3 interacts with a distinct set of mRNAs in activated Jurkat cells. A subset of these mRNAs, including those encoding the T cell receptor (TCR) subunits TCRA and TCRB, crosslink to eIF3 across the entire length of the mRNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies reveal both TCRA and TCRB mRNAs form granules, potentially acting as translation "hot-spots." We further find that elements in the 39-untranslated regions (39-UTRs) of the TCRA and TCRB mRNAs that directly interact with eIF3 control the early dynamics of TCR translation in a CD28-dependent manner, as well as the extent of T cell activation. These results highlight a new role for eIF3 in regulation of translation dynamics and provide insights that can guide engineering of T cells for cell immunotherapy applications.
A UNIQUE HEART TEAM APPROACH FOR ANOMALOUS DUAL LAD AND RECURRENT ANGINA

Dual left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly. It is defined as the presence of two separate segments of the vessel occupying the anterior inter-ventricular sulcus (AIVS). Some coronary artery anomalies can present with serious sequelae such as angina
Nuanced Management of IP Rights: Shaping Industry-University Relationships to Promote Social Impact

Multiple and diverse intellectual property management strategies are required to deploy university research results for maximal social impact and accessibility. University technology transfer offices have traditionally been judged by the number of patents they hold, the number of licensed signed, startup company data, and license revenues. Universities, however, perform early-stage research and serve to accelerate innovation; they are lead-off runners in a multi-party relay race to commercial endpoints. New definitions of success in the industry contracting office at the University of California, Berkeley (Berkeley) have engendered new models of industry-university contracting including those that benefit the developing world, such as our Socially Responsible Licensing Program. Industry partnerships are indispensable to the achievement of our goals and our approach to industry contracting is relationship-based. Universities and companies interact in myriad ways and for many different reasons. Based on a range of needs and desired outcomes in campus interactions with industry, we continually draft new contract types to implement a broad spectrum of intellectual property (IP) management strategies. To assess the impact of our strategies a combination of traditional and non-traditional metrics must be employed. New metrics to measure social impact rely in part, on external data that are outside of the purview of our office, and in part, on outcomes and externalities that occur over many years.
Unraveling the structure and biological functions of RNA triple helices.

It has been nearly 63 years since the first characterization of an RNA triple helix in vitro by Gary Felsenfeld, David Davies, and Alexander Rich. An RNA triple helix consists of three strands: A Watson-Crick RNA double helix whose major-groove establishes hydrogen bonds with the so-called "third strand". In the past 15 years, it has been recognized that these major-groove RNA triple helices, like single-stranded and double-stranded RNA, also mediate prominent biological roles inside cells. Thus far, these triple helices are known to mediate catalysis during telomere synthesis and RNA splicing, bind to ligands and ions so that metabolite-sensing riboswitches can regulate gene expression, and provide a clever strategy to protect the 3' end of RNA from degradation. Because RNA triple helices play important roles in biology, there is a renewed interest in better understanding the fundamental properties of RNA triple helices and developing methods for their high-throughput discovery. This review provides an overview of the fundamental biochemical and structural properties of major-groove RNA triple helices, summarizes the structure and function of naturally occurring RNA triple helices, and describes prospective strategies to isolate RNA triple helices as a means to establish the "triplexome". This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure and Dynamics RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems.
Foliar nutrient concentrations of three economically important tree species in an alley-cropping system

Alley-cropping systems that pair economically important tree species with crop production in alleyways have the potential to diversify outputs and improve resource use efficiency. However, manageme...
Patient-Centeredness Through Shared Decision-Making

Central to patient-centered care is the collaboration between the clinician and the patient for whom they are caring, incorporating the patient’s goals, values, preferences, and identified needs. An important component of patient-centered care is shared decision-making. This is the process of jointly making health care decisions based on information exchange between the clinician and patient to determine the best medical care for the patient in a given clinical situation.
Abstract B17: Functional characterization of HPV-human fusion transcripts in oropharyngeal cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genomic integration is frequently seen in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Integration into cellular genes can cause the generation of HPV-host fusion transcripts, which have been associated with worse survival in OPSCC patients, but their functional consequences are unknown, as HPV alone is capable of transformation. The forced expression of fusion transcripts versus HPV transcripts in spontaneously immortalized human oral keratinocytes (NOKSI) could demonstrate their effects on cell behavior. Our research focuses on characterizing HPV integration sites and fusion transcripts in cell lines and tumors, followed by in vitro analysis of fusion transcript function. By Detection of Integrated Papillomavirus Sequences (DIPS-PCR) and RT-PCR, we have identified integration events and fusion transcripts in a subset of samples in both intergenic and genic regions of the genome. We began our analysis with two fusion transcripts, one reading from HPV16 E6*-E7-E1 into the tumor suppressor gene TP63 from UM-SCC-47 and the other reading from HPV16 E6*-E4 into the solute carrier gene SLC47A2 from UM-SCC-104. The full fusion transcripts and associated controls were cloned into lentiviral vectors, and stable keratinocyte populations expressing these transcripts were selected. These cultures were subjected to proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. Subsequent in-depth molecular characterization and in vivo studies will help clarify their effects on cancer formation and metastasis. These studies will advance our understanding of how fusion transcripts lead to worse patient survival and help develop new therapies for these patients. Citation Format: Lisa M. Pinatti, Heather M. Walline, Thomas E. Carey. Functional characterization of HPV-human fusion transcripts in oropharyngeal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr B17.
Video chatting and appearance satisfaction during COVID-19: Appearance comparisons and self-objectification as moderators.

OBJECTIVE: As video chatting has emerged as a leading form of communication for work, education, and socialization during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to investigate the association between video chatting and appearance satisfaction. METHOD: Participants included women from the United States (n = 438; age: M = 31.3, SD = 12.71) who completed measures examining their use of video chatting services, self-objectification, video chatting appearance comparison, and appearance satisfaction. RESULTS: The total time spent on video chatting services was not associated with appearance satisfaction; however, self-objectification moderated the relationship between total hours of video chatting and appearance satisfaction. In addition, participants who engaged in more video chatting appearance comparisons reported lower face and body satisfaction. Furthermore, video chatting appearance comparison was associated with more frequent usage of certain Zoom features, such as the "touch up my appearance" feature, and more time spent looking at oneself on video calls. Finally, those who spent more time engaged with their families over video chatting services reported greater face and body satisfaction. DISCUSSION: The results of the current study demonstrate that time spent video chatting is not predictive of appearance satisfaction, but that self-objectification can exacerbate these associations.
Mutual Fund Competition and Fund Manager Strategy Choice

The increasing number of mutual funds and assets under management of the industry are credited with restricting opportunities and stifling incentives for fund managers to generate alpha. I show that some managers are able to adapt to the more competitive market environment by tilting their investment strategy towards 'quality'. Using the fund's loading on the QMJ factor to proxy for quality management, I find that high quality funds outperform their peers, and generate annual alphas of 2.88%. Besides peer competition, a clientele effect seems to influence the choice of strategy. Clients of high quality funds are more sophisticated and focus on risk-adjusted returns, while those of low quality funds fit the description of uninformed investors, and seem unresponsive to both gross returns and alphas.
Gaining Access by Doing Good: The Effect of Sociopolitical Reputation on Firm Participation in Public Policymaking

This paper examines the role of firms’ sociopolitical reputations, as proxied by their perceived engagement in socially responsible practices, in public policymakers’ decisions to grant access in the policymaking process. I argue that policymakers’ dependencies, motivations, and decision-making processes lead them to evaluate firms by using sociopolitical reputation as a differentiating heuristic. I hypothesize that firms that construct stronger sociopolitical reputations will be granted greater access and that firms’ existing political activity and policymakers’ partisanship will moderate this relationship. I test these hypotheses using an 11-year panel on congressional testimony, reputation, and political and financial characteristics for the S&P 500 and find support for all three. These findings support the existence of a sociopolitical dimension to firms’ reputations that affects how public policymakers evaluate firms, demonstrating that corporate social responsibility pays political benefits.
Pathological Changes To the Visual System in Alzheimer’s Disease (P1.1-001)

Objective: To determine if tau pathology contributes to deficits in vision by conducting behavioral tests and histology to assess visual acuity in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. Background: Understanding the timing and progression of Alzheimer’s pathology in the visual system can help inform interventions that may slow neurodegeneration. Research shows that visual deficits and accumulation of retinal amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau (ptau) pathologies may precede onset of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Design/Methods: Viewing the relationship between AD pathology and vision, we examined two transgenic AD mouse models (Htau and 3xtg) and their respective controls (tau null and C57BLK6J) for visual deficits and pathological changes to brain regions that receive visual information. We assessed these variables across ages representing pre-pathological, emerging pathology, and progressing pathology disease states. Visual behavior tests were conducted using a fully-automated system to measure optomotor response in order to provide estimates of visual acuity. Results: At pre-pathological ages, 3xtg mice had lower visual acuity than controls. With increasing age, both htau and 3xtg had reduced visual acuity compared to controls. There were no statistical differences between males and females of any strain in visual acuity at the ages tested; therefore, data are averaged across both sexes for each strain. To assess brain pathology, immunofluorescent histological labeling techniques were used to identify amyloid beta, ptau, and inflammation in retinorecipient brain structures. Both htau and 3xTg mice show increased presence of Aβ, ptau and microglia inflammation in the SC at a prepathological age of 3 months compared to C57 and tau null mice. Conclusions: Retinal AD pathology precedes development of pathology in brain areas responsible for cognition—making visual disturbances and detection of retinal pathology potential early biomarkers for AD. Future work will view AD pathology in these strains (and other AD models) throughout the central visual pathway in the brain. Disclosure: Dr. Mistry has nothing to disclose.
Cardiovascular mechanisms of interoceptive awareness: Effects of resonance breathing

Abstract Interoception, the ability to perceive internal bodily sensations, and heart rate variability (HRV) share common physiological pathways, including the baroreflex feedback loop. The baroreflex can be activated by resonance breathing, wherein respiration is paced at 6 times per minute (0.1 Hz), eliciting immediate physiological changes and longer-term therapeutic responses. This registered report characterizes baroreflex functioning as a cardiac mechanism of interoception in a two-session study (n = 67). The heartbeat discrimination task was used to obtain indices of interoceptive accuracy, sensibility and metacognition. Baroreflex functioning was measured as HRV at 0.1 Hz and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS); high frequency (HF) HRV was calculated as a control. Cardiovascular indices were measured at baseline and during active and control paced breathing after which changes in interoception were measured. The first hypothesis was that baseline baroreflex functioning would predict individual differences in interoceptive awareness. The second hypothesis was that resonance breathing would increase participants' ability to detect their own heartbeats, and that this effect would be mediated by increases in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS. Data were collected upon in principle acceptance of the manuscript. We found a negative relationship of interoceptive accuracy with baseline HF HRV and BRS, and a positive relationship between metacognitive interoception and 0.1HZ HRV, BRS and HF HRV. We found that changes in 0.1 Hz HRV and BRS during resonance breathing positively correlate with increases in interoceptive accuracy. Our results show that the extent to which breathing recruits the resonant properties of the cardiovascular system can facilitate the conscious perception of participants' heartbeats. We interpret this as an increase in vagal afferent signaling and baroreflex functioning following resonance breathing. We put forward an alternative explanation that HRV modulation can reduce interoceptive prediction errors, facilitating the conscious perception of interoceptive signals, and consider the role of resonance breathing on mental health from an interoceptive inference perspective.
The impact of human vaccines on bacterial antimicrobial resistance. A review

At present, the dramatic rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among important human bacterial pathogens is reaching a state of global crisis threatening a return to the pre-antibiotic era. AMR, already a significant burden on public health and economies, is anticipated to grow even more severe in the coming decades. Several licensed vaccines, targeting both bacterial (Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi) and viral (influenza virus, rotavirus) human pathogens, have already proven their anti-AMR benefits by reducing unwarranted antibiotic consumption and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and by promoting herd immunity. A number of new investigational vaccines, with a potential to reduce the spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, are also in various stages of clinical development. Nevertheless, vaccines as a tool to combat AMR remain underappreciated and unfortunately underutilized. Global mobilization of public health and industry resources is key to maximizing the use of licensed vaccines, and the development of new prophylactic vaccines could have a profound impact on reducing AMR.
Structure of the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin. Amino acid sequence.

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin has been proposed, as shown in Fig. 7, by sequence analysis of tryptic peptides and fragments obtained by digestion of the protein with chymotrypsin, pepsin, acid protease, and dilute hydrochloric acid. Neocarzinostatin consists of 109 amino acid residues and its molecular weight, calculated from the proposed structure, is 10,717.
Studies on the Thermal Destruction of Escherichia coli in Milk and Milk Products

Escherichia coli (ATCC no. 9637) was shown to have mean D values (slope of destruction rate curve) of 28.2, 5.1, 1.3, 0.00195, 0.00100, 0.00055, 0.00029, and 0.00016 min in milk at temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F, respectively. The mean D values for this organism in chocolate milk were 32.2, 10.4, 2.6, 0.00265, 0.00133, 0.00069, 0.00035, and 0.00028 min at respective temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F. Mean D values of 34.4, 10.0, 3.5, 0.00093, 0.00080, 0.00068, 0.00043, and 0.00036 min were found in cream for respective temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F. In ice cream mix the organism was found to have mean D values of 39.3, 15.2, 5.1, 0.00147, 0.00120, 0.00078, 0.00070, and 0.00053 min for temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 170, 172, 174, 176, and 178 F, respectively. The slopes of the thermal death time curves were found to be 10.2, 10.2, 10.0, and 10.3 F for this organism in milk, chocolate milk, 40% fat cream, and ice cream mix, respectively.
Optimum waiting time for acquisition of return link PN signals

The subject of this paper is a model that takes into account the effect that acquisition of a PN signal on the forward link has on the acquisition of a PN signal on the return link. The model is used to determine how long the start of the PN search on the return link should be delayed in order to minimize the combined acquisition time (delay + acquisition time) as a function of desired acquisition probability. It is assumed that the return link a-priori epoch uncertainty information is available. Software has been developed that models the return link PN receiver and incorporates in it the effect of forward link PN acquisition statistics in assessing performance.
PEARL: a package for efficient access to representations in LISP

PEARL is an AI language developed with space and time efficiencies in mind. In addition to providing the usual facilities such as slot-filler objects, demons and associative data bases, PEARL introduces stronger typing on slots, user-assisted hashing mechanisms, and a forest of data bases. The resulting product is a simple, but powerful and efficient tool for AI research.
The metal-dependent conformational changes in factor IX associated with phospholipid binding : studies using antibodies against a synthetic peptide and chemical modification of factor IX

Factor IX undergoes two sequential metal-ion-dependent conformational transitions [Liebman, H. A. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7605–7612]. The first transition is metal ion dependent, but cation nonselective. The second transition is metal ion selective for Ca(II) or Sr(II) and associated with the expression of conformational determinants necessary for phospholipid membrane binding. Using antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide containing Factor IX amino acid residues 28–46, it was demonstrated that the aromatic-amino-acid-stack domain (amino acid residues 41–46) of Factor IX is surface exposed in the metal-free conformer and internalized with the initial metal-ion-dependent conformational transition. The metal-ion-induced internalization of this region of Factor IX protects the tryptophan at position 42 from oxidation by N-bromosuccinimide. The oxidation of Factor IX tryptophan residues is associated with the rapid loss of coagulant activity, but protection of Trp42 allows for the continued expression of the Ca(II)-specific antigenic determinants on Factor IX and the retention of phospholipid binding. These results suggest that the Trp42 residue located in the aromatic amino acid stack domain of human Factor IX is internalized with the metal-ion-dependent conformational transition and is essential for the expression of the phospholipid membrane binding site on Factor IX.
Altered CD4+ T cell subset balance in lymphoid organs of mouse model of colorectal cancer (397.2)

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is a known tumor suppressor gene, and mutations resulting in APC inactivation leads to the formation of multiple intestinal neoplasms (Min) within mutant mice (APCMin/+). Thus, the APCMin/+ mouse is used as a model of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The intestinal compartment is especially susceptible to tumor formation due the high turnover rate of epithelial cells. Also, the presence of the intestinal microbiota makes the intestines a very immunologically active site. Reports show that tumor associated CD4+ T cell derived IL-17 promotes intestinal tumor development in APCMin/+ mice. To further investigate the role of the APCMin/+ mutation on CD4+ T cell function, we performed flow cytometric, histochemical, and immunofluorescent studies on both wild type (APC+/+) and APCMin/+ mice. We identified increased levels of IFN-+ CD4+ and IL-17A+ CD4+ cells, and decreased levels of IFN-+IL-17+ double positive CD4+ cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches of...
Cross-Cultural Filmmaking: A Handbook for Making Documentary and Ethnographic Films and Videos

Cross-Cultural Filmmaking:. Handbook for Making Documentary and Ethnographic Films and Videos. Ilisa Barbash and Lucien Taylor. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1997.556 pp.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for orbital lymphoma

Purpose Orbital manifestations of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) are rare and accounts for only 1% of all cases of NHL. There have been no reports of treating orbital lymphoma using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
Distribution of Gb3 Immunoreactivity in the Mouse Central Nervous System

We have shown previously that neurons in the mouse spinal cord express Gb3. We show in this article that distribution of anti-Gb3-Ab reactivity occurs in many different types of neurons of different areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The immunoreactive neurons are in olfactory bulbs, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. In several different circumventricular organs where vessels do not have the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) structure, anti-Gb3-Ab is not positive for vessel structures, while neurons at these regions are positive. Also, within the ventricular area, ependymal cells in the third ventricle express Gb3, as revealed by anti-Gb3-Ab staining and intensity analysis.
An Analysis of Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems in Manufacturing Assembly Lines

Abstract An automated storage/retrieval system is a material handling system that can be used to pick and to deliver materials in a direct access fashion. An M/G/1 queueing model is used to study the system performance under a first-come-first-served dispatching rule. More detailed studies for different dispatching rules have been done by simulation. A number of cases with different hardware characteristics and workloads have been investigated. Conclusion is drawn based upon the results obtained from analysis as well as numerical experiments.
Currents and temperature stability over the Antarctic Bottom Current at 10° N

Instrumented neutrally buoyant floats were used to investigate some characteristics of the temperatures and currents associated with the Antarctic Bottom Current at 10° N. An average current of 4.6 ± 0.5 cm sec ?1 in the 325° direction was found over a period of 5 days at a distance 540 m off the bottom. This and other values obtained during the sinking of a float are in substantial agreement with the predictions of G. Wust. Vertical water motions at the hovering float did not exceed 28 m rms and so compare with those present in quieter locations. Temperature profiles were obtained from floats which sank to the bottom and then returned to the surface. First and second derivatives of the temperaure with respect to depth are reported for 100 m depth intervals. Stabilities E were determined and log E varied linearly with depth near the sea floor. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1969.tb00480.x