cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological Invasions of Marine Ecosystems: Patterns, Effects, and Management

In 1988, a small, zebra-striped mussel from the Caspian Sea was first found in North America, having successfully colonized the Great Lakes. This species had already proven itself to be a successful invader in Europe’s freshwaters, and it was not long before the zebra mussel exploded across the waterways in its newly conquered territory (Nalepa and Schloesser 1993). In 1989, the clogging of water intakes by tremendous populations of the mussel shut down water supply to a Michigan community. By 1994, the mussel was found throughout much of the eastern United States and Canada, and was known to inflict serious ecological and economic damage in invaded ecosystems. It currently costs millions of dollars annually to manage municipal and industrial water intakes clogged by these organisms (Bright 1998). For many people, the invasion of the zebra mussel represented an awakening to the possibility of biological invasions by non-native species in aquatic ecosystems.
Development of an equipment and supply list for emergency medical services delivery at an annual air show.

INTRODUCTION Reports of medical care at mass gatherings reflect variability in mission and delivery models. Equipment recommendations are similarly varied. Thoughtful pre-planning and experience-based analysis are the best mechanisms for defining general and specific equipment recommendations. OBJECTIVE This report presents a suggested supply and equipment list developed over a six-year period of medical coverage at an air show, with an emphasis on the usage and cost of expendable supplies. METHODS The authors were involved in the planning for and execution of emergency medical care for a large, local, military air show on an annual basis, including provision of expendable medical supplies. A list of such supplies was developed over the initial two to three years, formalized and refined over the subsequent two years, and analyzed in the final, highest patient volume year of coverage. Detailed usage and cost was tracked over the final year for expendable supplies. RESULTS The results of this analysis indicate that comprehensive emergency medical care from first aid to mass casualty care can be offered at reasonable equipment and supply costs, if existing equipment resources can be supplemented by expendable supplies from a pre-determined list. Given the need for large quantities of supplies for a mass casualty contingency and the low likelihood of occurrence, a loan arrangement with a supplier, with return of unused supplies, is particularly convenient and economical. The approach used in this study should be appreciable in other similar settings. In concurrent scheduled events, the iterative process described can lead to greater specificity of needs for expendable supplies.
Treaty Power Justifications for Early Trademark Laws

In 1920, the Supreme Court decided in Missouri v. Holland that the power to make treaties, coupled with the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution, may provide a Constitutional basis for legislation which would otherwise not be within the enumerated powers of Congress. To this day questions rage about both the validity and scope of the Court's decision in Missouri v. Holland, questions which are set to be argued anew this term before the Supreme Court in Bond v. U.S.This short piece examines the attitudes towards the "treaty power" during one its few documented usages before Missouri v. Holland. In 1879 The Supreme Court held in the Trade-Mark Cases that the 1870 Trademark Act, as amended in 1876, was not a valid exercise of either the Commerce Clause or the Intellectual Property Clause, forcing Congressional sponsors of the 1881 Trademark Act to embrace the novel theory that a treaty providing for reciprocal trademark protection could provide the constitutional justification for a limited federal trademark law under the power to make treaties and the Necessary and Proper Clause.This Essay explores the views both stated and implied about the scope of the treaty power in this context, and offers a new understanding of the decision in the Trade-Mark Cases as containing a substantive holding regarding the Treaty Power. This essay concludes that circa 1880 a power to make laws to call into effect treaties existed, premised only on the treaty power and the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution. However, this power was only seen as allowing legislation regarding international activity.This piece was published with Heightened Scrutiny, the online supplement to the University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law.
Modified laparoscopic Janeway gastrostomy: a novel adjunct for the management of choledocholithiasis in Roux-en-Y patients

A 76-year-old woman with surgical history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass presented with recurrent choledocholithiasis. Double balloon enteroscopy was unsuccessful in cannulating the biliary tree, thus, requiring surgically assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticogram (ERCP) access. Due to her stable clinical status, the non-urgent indication and multiple anticipated ERCPs for definitive biliary clearance, a more durable port of access to the ampulla was desired. A modified laparoscopic Janeway gastrostomy of the gastric remnant was performed and served as access for multiple subsequent endoscopic procedures with successful clearance of the biliary tree.
K − and $$\bar p$$ Production in Au + Pb Collisions at 11.5 A GeV/cProduction in Au + Pb Collisions at 11.5 A GeV/c

I will present the first results from the E864 collaboration on the production of negative kaons and antiprotons in 10% central 11.5 A GeV/c Au+Pb nucleus collisions at the Brookhaven AGS. E864 is a high rate, open geometry spectrometer, capable of measuring particle production in a range of rapidities and transverse momenta at a single setting of the spectrometer magnets. The results are derived from the analysis of over 20 million central interactions collected in the Fall 1994 run. I will report onK − production in a rapidity range from 1.9<y<2.2 (y cm=1.6) and 25<pT<150 MeV/c, and $$\bar p$$ production from 1.2<y<2.2 and 50<pT<400 MeV/c. A comparison with previously published results from E878 is presented and the implications for $$\bar \Lambda $$ production are discussed.
Identification of high-risk drugs related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored phase I trials.

Abstract Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant and debilitating side effect. However, there have been no studies of the relative risk of CIPN with known causative agents. We examined the risk of CIPN in patients taking such agents as a part of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program–sponsored phase I trials. Methods CIPN events in each patient were graded according to the Clinical Terminology of Common Adverse Effects and compared among several high-risk chemotherapeutic agent groups, adjusting for possible confounding factors. Patients receiving tubulin-targeted agents were analysed separately for specific background factors associated with CIPN. Results In 135 phase I clinical trials, 259 of 3614 patients were identified as developing CIPN during chemotherapy. Tubulin-targeting agents and proteasome inhibitors were identified as high-risk agents (hazard ratio 9.04 and 5.01, respectively) for CIPN, whereas platinum-complex agents and thalidomide analogues imparted lower risk (hazard ratio 1.52 and 1.11, respectively). Age, sex and medical history of diabetes were not significantly related to CIPN. CIPN developed over time as the number of chemotherapy cycles increased. Among patients with CIPN, treatment with tubulin-targeting agents resulted in a significantly higher rate of chemotherapy schedule modification compared with treatments with other chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusions Tubulin-targeting agents and proteasome inhibitors were associated with a greatly increased risk of CIPN compared with other agents. CIPN tended to develop in later chemotherapy cycles. These findings will help to minimise the risk of CIPN by encouraging increased surveillance and earlier dose adjustment of high-risk agents in phase I trials.
From Efé cient Markets Theory to Behavioral Finance

Academic e nance has evolved a long way from the days when the efe cient markets theory was widely considered to be proved beyond doubt. Behavioral e nance— that is, e nance from a broader social science perspective including psychology and sociology— is now one of the most vital research programs, and it stands in sharp contradiction to much of efe cient markets theory. The efe cient markets theory reached its height of dominance in academic circles around the 1970s. At that time, the rational expectations revolution in economic theory was in its e rst blush of enthusiasm, a fresh new idea that occupied the center of attention. The idea that speculative asset prices such as stock prices always incorporate the best information about fundamental values and that prices change only because of good, sensible information meshed very well with theoretical trends of the time. Prominent e nance models of the 1970s related speculative asset prices to economic fundamentals, using rational expectations to tie together e nance and the entire economy in one elegant theory. For example, Robert Merton published “ An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model” in 1973, which showed how to generalize the capital asset pricing model to a comprehensive intertemporal general equilibrium model. Robert Lucas published “ Asset Prices in an Exchange Economy” in 1978, which showed that in a rational expectations general equilibrium, rational asset prices may have a forecastable element that is related to the forecastability of consumption. Douglas Breeden published his theory of “ consumption betas” in 1979, where a stock’ s beta (which measures the sensitivity of its return compared to some index) was determined by the correlation
Preventing Readmissions Through Effective Partnerships—Communication and Palliative Care (PREP-CPC): A Multisite Intervention for Encouraging Goals of Care Conversations for Hospitalized Patients Facing Serious Illness:

Background:Despite evidence showing that goals of care (GOC) conversations increase the likelihood that patients facing a serious illness receive care that is concordant with their wishes, only a m...
Construct of Sarcasm on Social Media Platform

The basic idea behind machine learning-based systems, or artificial intelligence in general, is mimicking how humans operate. This idea is particularly true for our problem, sarcasm detection on social networking sites (SNSs). Therefore, before proceeding to build a system that can detect sarcasm on SNSs, we attempt to understand how humans do the same. Many studies propose approaches based on personal experience and word-level definition of "sarcasm". However, in this paper, we aim to find more general themes that are typical with users while detecting and expressing sarcasm on SNSs through a qualitative study to build a more effective sarcasm detection model.
Abstract TP324: Early Termination of Acute Stroke Randomized Controlled Trials Published Between 2013 and 2018: A Systematic Review

Introduction: A priori sample size determination is an essential step in designing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Failure to reach pre-planned sample size introduces risk of both falsely nega...
Rhetorical Appeals and Strategic Cooptation in the Rise and Fall of The New International Economic Order

The global governance institutions that structure economic relations between industrialized and developing countries have been contested since their inception. This contribution revisits elements of the struggle over the ‘new international economic order’, or NIEO, in the 1970s. Contemporaneous observers and political leaders saw the initiative as part of the first major shift in global power after 1945. Using strategies of rhetorical coercion and persuasion that aimed to radically reform global economic governance, a large coalition of developing nations proposed a reform agenda designed to expand the authority of the United Nations and reduce the importance of Bretton Woods institutions. In response, a small coalition of industrialized countries adopted strategies of cooptation that entailed ‘case‐by‐case’ cooperation with developing countries with the goal of limiting overall reforms. The contribution uses historical archives from deliberations within and among industrialized countries to reveal the sources behind their response to the NIEO and follow‐up initiatives. It shows that industrialized countries chose to deemphasize strategies of argumentation in favor of strategies of cooptation in their efforts to limit transformative change in global economic governance.
Assessment and Treatment of Selective Mutism in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Over 60% of children diagnosed with selective mutism are also diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Previous research established that behavioral interventions are effective at increasing speech...
A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Consumer Protection Through Upholstered Furniture Fire Barriers

This paper describes a benefit-cost analysis that finds the net present value of the cost of a cloth fire-barrier standard for upholstered furniture sold in California is greater than the benefits of reduced fire related deaths, injuries, and property damage. It also offers the history of why California has considered such a barrier, the difficulties in getting the data needed to account for the benefits from the fire barrier, and the solution of offering an alterable sensitivity analysis that rule out a different conclusion when using a range of realistic variable values.
Rapid absolute sizing of deeply subwavelength dielectric nanoparticles by confocal scanning optical microscopy

Accurate sizing of individual nanoparticles is crucial for the understanding of their physical and chemical properties and for their use in nanoscale devices. Optical sizing methods are non-invasive, rapid, and versatile. However, the low optical response of weakly absorbing subwavelength dielectric nanoparticles poses a fundamental challenge for their optical metrology. We demonstrate scalable optical sizing of such nanoparticles based on confocal scanning microscopy. The method is absolutely calibrated by correlating the optical signatures in the scattered pump laser signal to the ground truth nanoparticle sizes measured by an atomic force microscope. Using an air objective with a numerical aperture of 0.9, we measured the sizes of nanodiamond particles ranging from 35 to 175 nm, with an average error of ± 12.7 nm compared to the ground truth sizes. This technique paves the way for the metrology of a wide range of weakly scattering nano-objects for applications in biomedicine, catalysis, nanotechnology, and quantum optics.
Deep learning to identify and predict cardiotoxicities of anticancer drugs.

e15012Background: Recent advances in cancer treatment have revolutionized patient outcomes. However, toxicities associated with anti-cancer drugs remain a concern with many anti-cancer drugs now im...
Sanitation, Waste Generation/Capture/Disposal Status 2020

The Earth’s carrying capacity of human, animal, and plant populations is the maximum population size of a species that an area (environment, ecosystem) can support without reducing its ability to support the same species in the future (indefinitely). This is true in terms of clean air, safe water, and nourishing food for which cleanliness (free of harmful pollutants) supports disease prevention and populations’ good health. Wastes from human excreta and domestic/commercial, manufacturing and industry, agriculture, and energy/transportation sectors present problems. We may ask then “does the Earth’s have limits to its capacity to absorb wastes as solids, liquids, and gases, organic and inorganic, from these and other sources without threatening global carrying capacity to sustain a reasonable quality of life for human populations and other lifeforms in their ecosystems?” Basic to the carrying capacity is access to clean water, proper toilets or latrines, and hand washing but not too far behind these sanitation basics are those that give health security from human activities generated wastes cited above.
COVID-19 and college students: health literacy experiences and training needs.

To explore health literacy (HL) experiences, needs, and future training directions among college students enrolled in health-related degree programs during the COVID-19 pandemic.Students (n = 169) ...
Shock width measured under liquid and solid conditions in a two-dimensional dusty plasma

Widths of shocks are compared, under liquid and solid conditions, for a two-dimensional layer of charged microspheres levitated in a plasma. In this strongly coupled dusty plasma, a shock was launched as a blast wave by moving an exciter wire at a supersonic speed and then bringing it to a halt. Runs were repeated with the layer of microspheres prepared two ways: a crystallinelike solid and a liquid. The liquid was sustained using laser heating, with conditions that were otherwise the same as in the solid. The shock width was found to be less in a liquid than in a solid, where it was four to six lattice constants. These measurements were based on the high-gradient region of density profiles. The profiles were obtained from particle coordinates, measured by high-speed video imaging. The spatial resolution was improved by combining particle coordinates, in the shock's frame of reference, from a sequence of images.
Secondary Magnetic Properties

Magnetic phenomena have their origins in a quantum mechanical description of electronic structure. An introduction to the quantum mechanical origins of magnetism has been given in an earlier chapter of this book. In particular, the exchange coupling between spins, which follows from the Coulomb interaction between the electrons, and the Pauli principle, gives rise to properties such as ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, and can be understood within the framework of non-relativistic quantum mechanics. Other magnetic properties, such as the magneto-crystalline anisotropy, which results in a preferred orientation for the magnetization with respect to the crystal axes, are relativistic effects resulting from the combined effects of spin-orbit coupling and magnetism. Other secondary magnetic phenomena including magneto-optics and magneto-elastic coupling also arise from a relativistic description of magnetism.
A strategic procedure to limit arc flash energy levels

This paper is about mitigating the energy level due to high incident energy arc flashes caused by inadvertent negligence of technicians working with low voltage power circuits. While the ideal solution is to de-energize the system during maintenance, this may not be possible in mission critical facilities such as commercial buildings and data centers, which have to remain energized while being maintained. Existing codes, standards and historically acceptable design methods often assess the arc flash energy level conservatively, leading to costlier measures than necessary. This paper presents implementation of arc flash strategy procedure at the system design level that result in reductions in the arc flash energy level. A cost analysis which compares the cost of the required protective relays and related safety equipment against arc flash with and without applying strategic procedure is also carried out. The result show that applying procedure may lead to significant cost savings.
2009 Legal Educator Blog Census, Version 2.0

This document contains a listing of blogs by anyone who might be involved in the education of students at law schools in the United States: full time professors, adjunct professors, deans, legal writing instructors, law librarians, etc. This document also contains a list of new blogs/bloggers and statistics I compiled from the blog census (Updated 9/28/2009).
Acatalasemic and hypocathalasemic mouse mutants. II. Mutational variations in blood and solid tissue catalases.

Abstract In a series of one acatalasemic and four hypocatalasemic mouse strains, the catalase of blood, liver, and kidney has been compared with regard to sensitivity to heat, pH extremes, ionizing radiation, and a variety of chemical reagents. It is concluded that the catalase of the normal, or wild type, strain differs qualitatively from all the mutants, and that the catalase of the five mutants all differ amongst themselves. The catalase of one pair of hypocatalasemic mutants shows so little difference in behavior that the two molecular species are possibly identical.
Liquid-Core Waveguide Sensors

Much of chemistry and biology involves liquid substances. It is, therefore, not surprising that a strong need for instruments that can sense the presence, absence, or properties of liquids and their constituents exists in both of these vast fields. The miniaturization paradigm that has driven many industrial developments, including the area of sensors, provides a strong push to use optical waveguides for implementing sensing functions in compact, robust, and convenient form. The most direct approach is the use of liquid-core waveguides, in which both light and liquids are guided through the same physical space, thus providing the most efficient interaction between the two. Fueled by recent developments of novel types of liquid-core waveguides, these devices are rapidly moving to the forefront of research and development of biological and chemical sensors. Here, we take a closer look at liquid-core waveguides by discussing the physical principles underlying the most important waveguide types, discussing the most popular optical sensing modalities, and reviewing representative examples for liquid-core waveguide-based chemical and biological sensors.
Algebraic Reasoning about Reactions: Discovery of Conserved Properties in Particle Physics

Kocabas (1991) describes a situation from particle physics in which quantum properties and conservation laws are postulated from lists of observed and unobserved reactions. Kocabas also presents a program named BR-3 that can rediscover some accepted quantum properties from textbook data, although it fails on a more difficult example from the same source. This paper describes PAULI, a program that solves the same task as BR-3 but uses a different problem-solving model. PAULI produces different, simpler solutions than does BR-3, and it can also handle the problematic example. After comparing the two programs, we conclude that PAULI offers distinct advantages over its predecessor, which we attribute to an algebraic approach to reasoning about sets of reactions.
Travel-Time Problems for Waves in Random Media

By method of characteristics, the travel time was introduced as a probabilistic hitting time by an ideal particle moving along a characteristic curve. For a simple wave model, the moments of travel time are investigated and are found to satisfy appropriate boundary-value problems in the diffusion approximation. Two problems, corresponding to plane and cylindrical waves, are solved explicitly. For the random wave equation, the mean and variance of the travel time are obtained in a simple wave approximation, and some numerical results are provided. The general problem is discussed briefly to indicate some technical difficulties.
Planetary aerosol monitor/interplanetary dust analyzer

The Laboratory for Astrophysics at the University of Florida has developed a dust analyzer capable of measuring key particle physical parameters without destruction or alteration of the dust grains. A laser illuminates dust grains passing through the device and a set of detectors obtains intensity and polarization of the scattered light at specific scattering angles. The choice of scattering angles, a sophisticated light collecting assembly and analysis algorithms derived from our data base of microwave analogue scattering measurements allow classification of the dust particles according to not only their light-scattering properties, but also according to size, shape (equidimensional, elongated, smooth or angular), composition (dielectric, absorbing, or metallic) and internal structure (compact or porous). The results of tests of the laboratory version of the PAM/IDA are presented.
Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine.

Function estimation/approximation is viewed from the perspective of numerical optimization in function space, rather than parameter space. A connection is made between stagewise additive expansions and steepest-descent minimization. A general gradient descent “boosting” paradigm is developed for additive expansions based on any fitting criterion.Specific algorithms are presented for least-squares, least absolute deviation, and Huber-M loss functions for regression, and multiclass logistic likelihood for classification. Special enhancements are derived for the particular case where the individual additive components are regression trees, and tools for interpreting such “TreeBoost” models are presented. Gradient boosting of regression trees produces competitive, highly robust, interpretable procedures for both regression and classification, especially appropriate for mining less than clean data. Connections between this approach and the boosting methods of Freund and Shapire and Friedman, Hastie and Tibshirani are discussed.
Regional differences in gas trapping (airway closure) between apex and base of excised rat lungs.

Abstract Excised rat lungs were ventilated with air under three conditions: (a) while suspendend by the trachea and surrounded by air, (b) while inverted and surrounded by saline, and (c)_while upright and surrounded by saline. The distribution of transpulmonary pressures over which gas trapping occurred in the lung for each of the three conditions was found by a method previously described by Frazer et al. A distribution having a small standard deviation (SD) indicates more uniform gas trapping in the lung while a larger SD indicates less uniform gas trapping. Results showed that the SD was 0.63 for the inverted lung in saline, 1.10 for the lung in air, and 1.57 for the upright lung in saline. We conclude that gas trapping in lungs inverted in saline occurs more uniformly than gas trapping in lungs in air or upright in saline. The results obtained in saline in the upright and inverted position also imply that as the lung is deflated surrounded by air, gas trapping initially occurs in the base of the lung before it occurs in the apex. Since gas trapping and airway closure are related, there could also be intrinsic dissimilarities in airway closure between the apex and base of excised rat lungs suspended by the trachea in air.
Time Scales and Spatial Patterns of Passive Ocean–Atmosphere Decay Modes*

Abstract The decay characteristics of a mixed layer ocean passively coupled to an atmospheric model are important to the response of the climate system to stochastic or external forcing. Two salient features of such decay—the spatial-scale dependence of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) decay time scales and the spatial inhomogeneities of SSTA decay modes—are addressed using intermediate-level complexity and simple analytic models of the tropical atmosphere. As expected, decay time scales increase with the spatial extent of the SSTA. Most modes decay rapidly—with characteristic decay times of 50–100 days for a 50-m mixed layer—with the decay determined by local surface flux adjustment. Only those modes with spatial scales approaching or larger than the tropical basin scale exhibit decay time scales distinctively longer than the local decay, with the decay time scale of the most slowly decaying mode of the order of 250–300 days in the tropics (500 days globally). Simple analytic prototypes of the spat...
Beyond genre theory: The genesis of rhetorical action

In this essay, I contend that traditional genre theory has an important inherent limitation: It assumes that a single controlling characteristic (often, but not exclusively, situation) is responsible for (and explains) the production of a genre of rhetoric. In contrast, the theory of the Genesis of Rhetorical Action holds that four Burkean ratios—scene‐act, purpose‐act, rhetor‐act, and agency‐act—can be employed to explain how rhetorical discourse occurs (invention). After arguing that the theory of the Genesis of Rhetorical Action is a potentially powerful extension of genre theory on conceptual grounds (and noting that published genre studies reveal the limitations of this theory), I provide empirical evidence from the analysis of rhetorical discourse (research on the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse) to reinforce this argument. A new conception of genre theory is then advocated.
Opportunistic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in the age of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Since the 1996 advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, the incidence of most opportunistic disorders in the developed world has dramatically declined but definitely has not disappeared. The number of new yearly HIV infections (about 55 000) and the total number of US infections (more than 1.1 million) remain very significant. Post-HAART gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and biopsy results are still common, especially in large inner-city hospitals. The same opportunistic GI disorders were diagnosed in 442 endoscopies performed since 1996 as before, but at about one half the rate. The esophagus had the highest rate of positive biopsy results (46%), especially due to Candida. Helicobacter pylori infection has become the most common gastric infection. The small bowel still showed cytomegalovirus (CMV), cryptosporidia, and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections. In decreasing order, the most common large bowel infections were CMV, cryptosporidiosis, MAC, and spirochetosis. Cases of adenovirus, bacterial colitis, Kaposi sarcoma, and lymphoma were still diagnosed. Rectal biopsy specimens were the least productive. Microsporidiosis is now being diagnosed with special stains. Thus, where HIV/AIDS is common, it is important to be able to diagnose these GI processes. In addition to presenting post-HAART incidences, diagnostic features and aids are described for selected entities.
Second-price auction tournament ☆

Abstract We compare bidding behavior in a standard second-price auction and a second-price auction tournament without information on relative rankings. Our results suggest that people bid more sincerely in the tournament setting with a non-linear payoff schedule and incomplete information.
An Involution of the Variety of Flags Fixed by a Unipotent Linear Transformation

LetFbe the variety of full flags in2nand letG=GLn(3). Supposeuis a unipotent element inGand letFudenote the subvariety ofFconsisting of flags fixed byu. We define an involution, ?, ofFu, and investigate its properties. It is known that ifuis in Jordan form, then there is a right cell,C, inSncanonically associated withu, and thatCindexes the irreducible components ofFu. In this paper, the elements inCare characterized in several ways. These characterizations are used to determine the action of ? on the set of irreducible components ofFuand to show that ? is the restriction toCof an involution of the generic Hecke algebra defined by Mathas. It is also shown that ? intertwines maps fromFuto the set of standard Young tableaux defined by Spaltenstein and Steinberg.
Seasonal microdistribution of immature Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at Saltville, Virginia.

Spatial distribution of immature Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) within the littoral habitat in Saltville, Va., changed throughout the year. During warmer months of the year most larvae were found to inhabit the surface mud at or near the waterline. Pupae were found above the shoreline. Insects overwintered in the larval stage, mostly as third instars. During autumn, larvae began to burrow into the shoreline mud. In winter, when the pond and underlying mud froze, most larvae were recovered far from the shoreline in the ice/mud interface. Although overwintering larvae possessed elevated levels of glycerol, marked declines in larval density occurred within the habitat after periods of abrupt freezing and thawing. In early March, most larvae molted to fourth instars and migrated above the shoreline in preparation for pupation and adult emergence in April. Larvae collected during summer were smaller than those collected during autumn and winter. This was attributed to higher temperatures, lower organic content of ingested mud, and possible effects of crowding during summer.
Heterologous expression of a Volvox cell adhesion molecule causes flocculation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Harvesting microalgae at large scales is a significant barrier to economically feasible production of biofuels and other low-cost commodities from microalgal biomass. We have tested a strategy for reducing the costs of microalgal harvest by generating transgenic strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that express a heterologous cellular adhesion molecule, Algal-CAM, from the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri. Constitutive expression of heterologous Algal-CAM causes Chlamydomonas unicells to adhere together and settle out of suspension much more rapidly than controls. Immunoblotting shows the heterologous Algal-CAM to be present in the extracellular matrix of Chlamydomonas transformants and possibly cross-linked with native glycoproteins there. We define this form of cell–cell adhesion as genetically engineered (GE) flocculation to distinguish it from other cell flocculation strategies. Future development of this trait can include making expression of Algal-CAM inducible for controlled timing of GE flocculation and exploring regulated expression of additional cell adhesion molecules from the many other multicellular relatives of Chlamydomonas. Advanced forms of this technology could lead to production of novel biomaterials from single-celled algae by controlled expression of diverse cell adhesion molecules with different cross-linking properties.
Stability of tk-/- mutants of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells in Fischer's medium.

Abstract The phenotypic stability of over 2000 large- and small-colony trifluorothymidine-resistant (TFT res ) variants of L5178 Y / tk +/− -3.7.2C cells has been examined. All except 4 of 488 spontaneously arising small-colony variants analyzed (0.8%) retained the TFT res phenotype when rechallenged with TFT after growth for several generations in its absence. All of 558 spontaneous large-colony variants, and 440 small-colony or 487 large-colony variants arising from 13 different mutagens showed similar stability. These results attest to the completeness of TFT selection in the mouse-lymphoma assay when used at 1 μg/ml in Fischer's medium supplemented with heat-inactivated serum and, together with previous cytogenetic and molecular studies, justify considering essentially all such TFT res variants as stable mutants. The implications of these results for those versions of the mouse lymphoma assay that fail to optimize the recovery and scoring of small-colony mutants is discussed.
Range of the first two eigenvalues of the laplacian

For each planar domain D of unit area, the first two Dirichlet eigenvalues of —∆ on D determine a point (λ 1 ( D ), λ 2 ( D ) in the (λ 1 , λ 2 ) plane. As D varies over all such domains, this point varies over a set R which we determine. Its boundary consists of two semi-infinite straight lines and a curve connecting their endpoints. This curve is found numerially. We also show how to minimize the n th eigenvalue when the minimizing domain is diconnected. For n = 3 we show that the minimizing domain is connected and that λ 3 is a local minimum for D a circular disc.
Multiple joint dislocations in mother and child.

Summary An unusual combination of multiple dislocations with excessive joint laxity and high congenital dislocation of the hips was found in an infant and his mother. Improvement of the joint laxity with age was noted. This syndrome is thought to represent a new mutation inherited as a dominant trait.
Parallel fabrication on chemically etched silicon using scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract We use a scanning tunneling microscope to fabricate nanometer-scale lithographic structures on chemically etched silicon sample. The process is believed to proceed by electron polymerization and activation of the reaction of the absorbed layer with the silicon surface. We study various aspects of the process, including resolution, density of adsorbates, and tip shape. We present results on the use of this method for fabrication of lines, and results which show parallel fabrication using tips that have multiple sharp peaks.
INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE RESPIRATION OF TOMATO FRUITS

AS A part of a general study of the physiological activities of tomato fruits the writer has conducted some experiments with a view of finding out what effect 02 and CO2 tensions have on the respiratory activities of these fruits: Sando (1920) noted that tomatoes picked green and wrapped in paper had a higher acid content and a lower sugar content than fruit ripened on the vines. Evidently the lack of aeration influenced the chemical activities during the ripening process. He did not, however, study the respiratory activities of these fruits. There have been several investigations in which the effects of 02 and CO, tensions upon respiratory activities of other plants have been studied. A brief summary of these experiments will be given, however, leaving out the experiments dealing with fungi. Stich (1891) conducted some rather extensive experiments with small fruits, flowers, seedlings, and seeds in which he varied the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere surrounding the plant material. The oxygen concentration was reduced by the introduction of hydrogen into a gasometer to replace part of the air. Respiration was measured by the amount of CO, produced. The concentration of oxygen needed by different plants to carry on their normal rate of respiration varied considerably. The concentration which brought about a reduction in CO2 production ranged from less than 1 per cent in seeds of peas to 5.5 per cent in seedlings of oats. Nearly half the plants studied showed no reduction in amount of CO2 released in an atmosphere of 2 per cent 09. Seedlings were uiusually tolerant, while flower buds as a whole were the least tolerant. No controls were used. Kidd and West (1928, 1931, 1933) of the Low Temperature Research Station, Cambridge, England, have made several investigations on the influence of 09 tension upon the rate of respiration of fruits. They have found that in pears at a temperature of 10C. the CO2 production is reduced only slightly at 5 per cent 02 and to about half the normal rate at an 09 tension of 2 to 1 per cent. At IOC. they found that a 5 per cent 09 concentration decreased the respiration to one-half the normal rate. Bananas at the same temperature were not influenced by a decrease of 09 to 5 per cent, and even concentrations as low as .2.5 to 0.1 per cent had an appreciable effect only after several days. They state that pears when confined to an atmosphere of 100 per cent 0, first increased their C02 output above the control but later the CO. production ceased entirely, while the controls actually showed an increase.
Research needs of industry

This paper discusses the results of a study on the broad research and technology needs of industry. The study identifies the current sources of information, preferred sources, general areas of needs, expected impact of technology, some methods by which information on technology can be transferred, and the language style of the communications. The influence of firm size, and type of industry is also discussed. The study provides a basis for improving the transfer of information from the laboratory and research centers to executives engaged in the manufacturing and processing of materials and products. Included in the study are a variety of transfer agents including laboratories, universities, equipment suppliers, government, and others.
Effect of the molecular weight on the dynamics of the conformational transition of poly(methacrylic acid)

Stop flow pH jump experiments were carried out on poly(methacrylic acid), PMA, solution of various molecular weights. The fluorescence changes of the probe pyrene, which can locate in the hydrophob...
A metamodeling approach to model transformation

The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is a framework that is intended to support the development of software-intensive systems through the transformation of models to executable components and applications. A key facilitator of the MDA is a standard to express model transformations. This poster describes a rigorous approach to modeling pattern-based transformations at the metamodel level.
Collisions of Electrons with Hydrogen Atoms. III. Elastic Scattering

The cross section for elastic scattering of electrons of less than 10-ev energy by free hydrogen atoms was measured. The experimental approach was similar to that used by Bederson, Malamud, and Hammer in that a d-c electron beam crossed an atomic hydrogen beam, which was chopped at a low frequency, and the signal was derived from the electrons scattered by the particles in the neutral beam. The electrons scattered by the beam were identified by their signal's appearing at the modulation frequency and at a specified phase. Direct measurements of the ratio of cross sections of the hydrogen atom and the molecule were made, and absolute values for the atomic cross section were obtained from knowledge of the absolute molecular cross section. The experimental results agree with theory. (auth) The K-series x-rays in ten rare earth elements were studied with a two-meter-radius bent-quartz-crystal spectrograph. The 3.7-Mev proton beam of the A-48 accelerator (UCRL, Livermore) was used to produce the atomic excitations. The wavelengths obtained for the K/sub alpha 1/, K/sub alpha 2/, K/sub beta 3/, and K/sub beta 1/ lines are compared wi th previous wavelength measurements. Two weaker transitions, K/sub beta 5/ and KO/sub II/O/ sub III'/, were alsomore » observed and the energies are compared with energies obtained from tables of known atomic energy levels. (auth)« less
“Sexual Health Assessment” for Mental Health and Medical Practitioners: Teaching Notes

The importance of including sexual health assessment (SHA) within the biopsychosocial evaluations of mental health and medical practice is discussed, and various protocols available in the extant literature are reviewed. Six principles for SHA are presented as well as a model protocol consisting of six basic lines of questioning with specific examples of effective phrasing. The emphasis of this paper is to help sexuality educators know how to teach trainees in the mental health and medical professions to engage in, and become more proactively involved with, the clinical practice of Sexual Health Assessment.
Comment on QCD effects in the nuclear medium, the effective nucleon mass and the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly

Abstract We comment on the recently discussed corrections to Coulomb displacement energies in nuclei resulting from the medium dependence of hadronic properties in nuclei. We argue that a particular contribution suggested recently and related to the density dependence of the proton and neutron effective masses should not be added to the previously calculated Coulomb displacement energies.
Barbarians at the gateway, defeating viruses in EDU

In this paper I discuss the strategies and techniques that we have used at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) to successfully defend the campus against virus attacks and suggest methods for selling these ideas to faculty, staff and students.
Dose-Intensive Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Basic to curative treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the principles of dose response, combination chemotherapy, and combined-modality therapy. Theory and experimental and clinical data suggest that solid tumors recur, despite initially responding to chemotherapy due to drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy is potentially overcome by using 5- to 10-fold higher doses. To decrease the emergence of drug resistance, combinations of active non-cross-resistant agents are used. Hematopoietic stem cell support provides the opportunity to test dose response to the limits of organ tolerance. Dose-intensive therapy for lung cancer patients is complicated by the fact that this disease most often occurs in an older-aged population (median, 60 to 65 years) with underlying smoking-related comorbid disease, early metastatic spread, and enhanced risk of secondary smoking-related malignancies. In a phase II feasibility trial just activated, patients younger than 60 years of age with limited-stage SCLC are being treated with four cycles of cisplatin and etoposide and concurrent twice-daily chest radiotherapy to 45 Gy (150-cGy fractions). Those patients achieving complete or near-complete response will receive high-dose cyclophosphamide/cisplatin/carmustine with autologous stem cell support. Upon recovery, prophylactic cranial irradiation will be given. Results could lead to a phase III trial testing the concept of dose intensification. This article reviews evidence for the contribution of dose intensification to response and survival in the treatment of SCLC, the adequacy of the clinical trial's design to address these relationships, and suggestions for future directions. The strategies of dose-intensive induction therapy, multicycle dose-intensive combination therapies, chest radiography, and stem cell purging trials will be discussed.
Modeling planetary interiors in laser based experiments using shockless compression

X-ray diffraction is a widely used technique for measuring the crystal structure of a compressed material. Recently, short pulse x-ray sources have been used to measure the crystal structure in-situ while a sample is being dynamically loaded. To reach the ultra high pressures that are unattainable in static experiments at temperatures lower than using shock techniques, shockless quasi-isentropic compression is required. Shockless compression has been demonstrated as a successful means of accessing high pressures. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), which will begin doing high pressure material science in 2010, it should be possible to reach over 2 TPa quasi-isentropically. This paper outlines how x-ray diffraction could be used to study the crystal structure in laser driven, shocklessly compressed targets the same way it has been used in shock compressed samples. A simulation of a shockless laser driven iron is used to generate simulated diffraction signals, and recent experimental results are presented.
moody encodes two GPCRs that regulate cocaine behaviors and blood-brain barrier permeability in Drosophila.

Summary We identified moody in a genetic screen for Drosophila mutants with altered cocaine sensitivity. Hypomorphic mutations in moody cause an increased sensitivity to cocaine and nicotine exposure. In contrast, sensitivity to the acute intoxicating effects of ethanol is reduced. The moody locus encodes two novel GPCRs, Moody- and Moody-. While identical in their membrane-spanning domains, the two Moody proteins differ in their long carboxy-terminal domains, which are generated by use of alternative reading frames. Both Moody forms are required for normal cocaine sensitivity, suggesting that they carry out distinct but complementary functions. Moody- and Moody- are coexpressed in surface glia that surround the nervous system, where they are actively required to maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the adult fly. We propose that a Moodymediated signaling pathway functions in glia to regulate nervous system insulation and drug-related behaviors.