cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the probability that finite spaces with random distances are metric spaces

For a set of 3 or 4 points we compute the exact probability that, after assigning the distances between these points uniformly at random from the set {1,...,n}, the space obtained is metric. The corresponding results for random real distances follow easily. We also prove estimates for the general case of a finite set of points with uniformly random real distances.
Sugar nucleotides of chicken egg white

The sugar nucleotides GDP-mannose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine sulfate have been found in about equal amounts in chicken egg white, and account for nearly 90% of the nucleotides observed. UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine are also observed, as well as small amounts of GDP and UMP. There are approximately 0.2 μmole of combined nucleotides per milliliter of egg white. The ease of separation of GDP-mannose and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine sulfate makes egg white appear to be a convenient source of these nucleotides.
Absorption and emission spectra of the lowest triplet state in hexachloroacetone

Abstract T 1 ← S 0 absorption and T 1 → S 0 phosphorescence spectra of neat cystalline hexachloroacetone have been analyzed at 4.2°K. From the lifetime and energy the upper state is assigned as 3 nπ * . The spectra are sharp compared to other aliphatic ketones, with the 0-0 band at 26 248 ± 2 cm −1 . The phosphorescence shows two strong progressions; one involving the CO stretching mode at 1784 cm −1 (x), the other a long progression of at least 8 bands involving a mode at 143 cm t-1 (a). The 143 cm −1 progression forming mode can best be asigned to the CO out-of-plane wagging vibration. The absorption shows the same two strong progressions, reduced in frequency to 1270 cm t-1 and 123 cm −1 , respectively, but with the progression in mode a broadened with increasing n . The broadening is interpreted as arising from inversion doublets; the close harmonicity up to n = 5 allowing the potential barrier to inversion to be estimated as > 700 cm −1 . A feature of the spectra is the absence of low frequency torsional modes suggesting lack of pseudo Jahn-Teller distortion of the triplet state potential surface. For comparison, the phosphorescence of crystalline hexafluoroacetone was also studied at 4.2°K. The spectrum exhibits broad bandedness with a 00 band tentatively assigned at 26 870 ± 20 cm −1 .
Studies on Mitochondrial Proteins. II. Localization of Components in the inner membrane labelling with diazobenzenesulfonate, a non-penetrating probe

Abstract The topography of the inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria was studied using a probe, diazobenzenesulfonate, which interacts preferentially with surface components. Inner membranes were examined both in a native orientation as found in the intact mitochondrion or in an inverted state as found in isolated inner membranes prepared by sonication. Enzyme inactivation as a consequence of diazobenzenesulfonate labeling was employed to determine the localization of a number of inner membrane activities. In inner membranes labeled on the outer surface, NADH and succinate oxidation were strongly inhibited while ATPase and ascorbate -N,N,N′,N′- tetramethyl -p- phenylene-diamine (TMPD) oxidase activities were unaffected. In inner membranes labeled on the inner surface. ATPase and succinate oxidation were inactivated while NADH oxidation and ascorbate-TMPD oxidase were unaffected. Succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited only by labeling the inner surface while NADH dehydrogenase was inhibited to a similar extent by treatment of either surface. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polypeptides (66 000 and 26 000) on the outer surface of the inner membrane and five polypeptides (80 000, 66 000, 51 000-48 000, and 26 000) on the inner surface. These results indicate a highly asymmetric localization of inner membrane components.
Load prioritization and shedding in photovoltaic power systems

Abstract A mathematical approach to the power management problem in photovoltaic power systems is developed. Loads are classified into four general categories and to a number of priorities. The problem is formulated as a one-resource allocation problem and solved using dynamic programming techniques. Illustrative examples demonstrate the applicability of the new approach.
Results from the automated Design Reference Mission constructor for exoplanet imagers

We use our automated Design Reference Mission construction framework to evaluate the performance of multiple direct exoplanet imager mission concepts on a variety of metrics including: total number of planetary detections, number of unique planets found, number of target stars observed and number of successful spectral characterizations. We evaluate designs of self-contained coronagraphs and co-orbiting occulters. Performance is evaluated on simulated universes with differing frequencies of planets and varying expected occurrence rates of different planet types.
What Do Students Think About When Evaluating Their Classroom's Mastery Goal Structure? An Examination of Young Adolescents' Explanations

In this article, the authors investigated the teacher practices that middle school students attend to when appraising their classroom's mastery goal structure. After students rated each item on the mastery goal structure scale, they wrote what their teacher did or said that led them to make that choice. Students' responses to the open-ended questions were coded thematically. The categories mentioned most often involved the pedagogical and affective nature of teachers' interactions with students. Recognition and evaluation practices and teachers' use of time were also salient to students. There were no differences in the practices that students attended to in classrooms with high, compared with low, mastery goal structure.
Maximally fault tolerant neural networks

An application of neural network modeling is described for generating hypotheses about the relationships between response properties of neurons and information processing in the auditory system. The goal is to study response properties that are useful for extracting sound localization information from directionally selective spectral filtering provided by the pinna. For studying sound localization based on spectral cues provided by the pinna, a feedforward neural network model with a guaranteed level of fault tolerance is introduced. Fault tolerance and uniform fault tolerance in a neural network are formally defined and a method is described to ensure that the estimated network exhibits fault tolerance. The problem of estimating weights for such a network is formulated as a large-scale nonlinear optimization problem. Numerical experiments indicate that solutions with uniform fault tolerance exist for the pattern recognition problem considered. Solutions derived by introducing fault tolerance constraints have better generalization properties than solutions obtained via unconstrained back-propagation. >
Hand opening by electrical stimulation in patients with spastic hemiplegia

Spasticity is a motor control disorder common after stroke, which can cause the fingers to involuntarily flex and form a fist. Even in the presence of strong spasticity, functional electrical stimulation can provide hand opening in hemiplegics with spastic finger flexor muscles through stimulation of the extensor digitorum communis muscle and the ulnar nerve. Stimulation of these sites did not reduce the activity in spastic finger flexor muscles, as hypothesized initially, and as might occur through a reciprocal inhibitory mechanism. In fact, flexor activity generally increased during extensor stimulation. In spite of increased flexor activity, the extension force was sufficient to fully extend the fingers. Similarly, stimulation of the finger extensors in able-bodied subjects did not reduce the EMG in the finger flexors, and could even increase it. The influence of voluntary effort on finger extension achieved by stimulation was also studied, since a neuroprosthesis for stroke patients might combine voluntary effort with stimulation. Finger extension was generally diminished when the subject attempted to assist the stimulated extension voluntarily or when stimulation followed voluntary flexion as might occur when trying to open the hand following a voluntary grasp. The largest extension was achieved when the subject remained relaxed. Since voluntary effort influences the degree of hand opening achieved by stimulation, some method of adjusting stimulation levels during task performance would be desirable in a clinically deployed neuroprosthesis. >
Pollen tube growth and guidance: roles of small, secreted proteins

Background Pollination is a crucial step in angiosperm (flowering plant) reproduction. Highly orchestrated pollen–pistil interactions and signalling events enable plant species to avoid inbreeding and outcrossing as a species-specific barrier. In compatible pollination, pollen tubes carrying two sperm cells grow through the pistil transmitting tract and are precisely guided to the ovules, discharging the sperm cells to the embryo sac for fertilization.
Admission Control in Optical Label Switched Networks: A Dynamic QoS-Based Approach

Optical label switching (OLS) is a promising technology that can provide resource provisioning and quality of service (QoS) support. In OLS networks, admission control can be implemented using control protocols that handle signaling tasks, resource provision, and QoS requirements satisfaction. In this paper, we use a core node architecture to build a call admission control protocol using dynamic QoS performance parameters. We also develop a theoretical model for evaluating the performance of the proposed protocol by means of a conservation law and a queuing network model. Finally, we verify the performance of our approach using simulation analysis
Selective Cytotoxicity of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Helper T Cells of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma After Photoperoxidation With 8-Methoxypsoralen

Lymphocyte-containing plasma subjected to photolysis in the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen (methoxsalen, 8-MOP) has previously been shown to be effective against cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the AIDS-related complex. The mechanism of this effect was thought to involve photoreaction of 8-MOP with DNA, based on certain in vitro experiments. The results of this study suggest a different mechanism. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from fresh human plasma was photosensitized by addition of 8-MOP and exposure to UV light (mp-LDL), and the reactions of the LDL lipids and the chemical actions induced by these reactions were monitored. In a separate procedure, LDL was peroxidized with hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (p-LDL). mp-LDL and p-LDL were then tested in cytotoxicity assays on HuT-78 helper T cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These results indicate that (a) LDL in plasma in the presence of very low concentrations of 8-MOP (200 ng/mL) can be peroxidized by UV light; (b) this photoperoxidized LDL is cytotoxic to helper T cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in a dose-dependent manner; but (c) it does not kill normal lymphocytes under similar conditions. The findings also suggest alternative therapeutic strategies for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, such as direct utilization of peroxidized LDL.
The role of light in bentazon toxicity to cocklebur: Physiology and ultrastructure

Abstract Leaves from intact 10 to 14-day-old common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) plants were treated with 0.01 to 1 kg/ha of 3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide (bentazon), and exposed to 21 to 86 klux. At intervals from 30 min to 38 hr, primary leaves were fixed for electron microscopic examination. Also, immediately after application of the herbicide, treated plants were placed in an assimilation chamber and net CO2 exchange was measured. Light was required for necrosis to develop in bentazon-treated leaves; the higher the illuminance, the faster necrosis developed. At low levels of illuminance (21 to 36 klux), the chloroplasts became spherical and aggregated in the cells before the occurrence of general membrane rupture and the subsequent development of necrosis. However, at 86 klux, chloroplast shape and distribution did not change before membrane rupture. In both control and treated leaves that were placed in darkness, chloroplasts became spherical and aggregated. Therefore, the changes in shape and distribution of chloroplasts were not considered a toxic response. In all cases, cessation of photosynthesis preceded cytological changes. Photosynthesis was arrested more rapidly as the dose of bentazon increased. Regardless of the length of time required to stop photosynthesis, necrosis developed about 7 hr after photosynthesis was arrested when plants were grown under 86 klux. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that photo-induced toxic by-products result from stopping photosynthesis.
Preparation of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists to Work in Early Childhood Special Education Settings

The academic and clinical preparation for a physical therapist or occupational therapist requires at least 4 years of college education resulting in a baccalaureate degree. Academic programs must teach the therapist to be able to screen, evaluate, program plan, and treat individuals across the entire span of ages, conditions, and settings. As a result of the vast scope of therapy practice, only limited time can be devoted to the problems of young children. In order to better prepare therapists to work in early childhood special education settings, a number of strategies are suggested. Early childhood special education settings should provide clinical practica or field sites for affiliating students. When inexperienced therapists are hired, a mentor or supervising therapist should be provided. Not only should continuing education courses be provided, but attendance should be mandatory. Physical therapists, occupational therapists, and special education teachers must work together to share their professiona...
Essential role for cathepsin D in bleomycin-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells

Our earlier studies showed that bleomycin-induced apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) requires the autocrine synthesis and proteolytic processing of angiotensinogen into ANG II and that inhibitors of ANG-converting enzyme (ACEis) block bleomycin-induced apoptosis (Li X, Zhang H, Soledad-Conrad V, Zhuang J, and Uhal BD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284: L501-L507, 2003). Given the documented role of cathepsin D (CatD) in apoptosis of other cell types, we hypothesized that CatD might be the AEC enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensinogen into ANG I, the substrate for ACE. Primary cultures of rat type II AECs challenged with bleomycin in vitro showed upregulation and secretion of CatD enzymatic activity and immunoreactive protein but no increases in CatD mRNA. The aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin A, which completely blocked CatD enzymatic activity, inhibited bleomycin-induced nuclear fragmentation by 76% and reduced bleomycin-induced caspase-3 activation by 47%. Antisense oligonucleotides against CatD mRNA reduced CatD-immunoreactive protein and inhibited bleomycin-induced nuclear fragmentation by 48%. A purified fragment of angiotensinogen (F1-14) containing the CatD and ACE cleavage sites, when applied to unchallenged AEC in vitro, yielded mature ANG II peptide and induced apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by F1-14 was inhibited 96% by pepstatin A and 77% by neutralizing antibodies specific for CatD (both P < 0.001). These data indicate a critical role for CatD in bleomycin-induced apoptosis of cultured AEC and suggest that the role(s) of CatD in AEC apoptosis include the conversion of newly synthesized angiotensinogen to ANG II.
AUTONOMOUS EXPLORATION AND CONTROL OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

Control algorithms that exploit chaotic behavior can vastly improve the performance of many practical and useful systems. Phase-locked loops, for example, are normally designed using linearization. The approximations thus introduced lead to lock and capture range limits. Design techniques that are equipped to exploit the real nonlinear nature of the device loosen these limitations. The program Perfect Moment is built around a collection of such techniques. Given a differential equation and two points in the system's state space, it automatically selects and maps the region of interest, chooses a set of trajectory segments from the maps, uses them to construct a composite path between the points, and causes the system to follow that path via appropriate parameter changes at the segment junctions. Rules embodying theorems and definitions from nonlinear dynamics are used to limit complexity by focusing the mapping and search on the areas of interest. Even so, these processes are computationally intensive. Ho...
Success at last: a molecular factor that informs treatment

Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas are rare primary brain tumors. However, they respond more effectively to treatment and have a better prognosis than commoner varieties. About 25 year ago, reports emerged that oligodendrogliomas can respond robustly and durably to chemotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV). It was also discovered that co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q is more commonly observed in oligodendrogliomas (rather than astrocytomas). Early results of phase III trials confirmed that 1p/19q co-deletion was a favorable prognostic marker. Mature results now conclusively demonstrate that co-deletion also predicts longer survival from the addition of PCV chemotherapy to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed disease. However, changes in the treatment landscape, including a preference for deferred radiotherapy, the emergence of temozolomide as a better tolerated chemotherapy regimen, and the discovery of other biomarkers (e.g. IDH mutation and MGMT promoter methylation) that occurred in the interim emphasize the need for earlier, validated, and acceptable trial end points.
Maritime Heritage Outreach and Education: East Carolina University’s Engagement with International Public Communities in Africa and the Caribbean

How will academic institutions prepare new generations of maritime archaeology students for the unique challenges of a profession that frequently operates collaboratively in foreign arenas? International study programs and maritime archaeology field schools, above or below the water, offer unique but often complex teachable moments in cultural resource management. A central focus is consideration of tapping into other sustainable popular tourism packages to include maritime heritage education and outreach initiatives. Collaborations in Namibia, South Africa, and Dominican Republic are examined as case studies associated with different problems, perceptions, and challenges.
The Effects of a Warm or Chilly Climate Toward Socioeconomic Diversity on Academic Motivation and Self-Concept

Persistent academic achievement gaps exist between university students from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. The current research proposes that the extent to which a university is perceived as actively supporting versus passively neglecting students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds can influence low-SES students’ academic motivation and self-concepts. In Experiments 1 and 2, low-SES students exposed to cues suggestive of an institution’s warmth toward socioeconomic diversity demonstrated greater academic efficacy, expectations, and implicit associations with high academic achievement compared with those exposed to cues indicating institutional chilliness. Exploring the phenomenology underlying these effects, Experiment 3 demonstrated that warmth cues led low-SES students to perceive their socioeconomic background as a better match with the rest of the student body and to perceive the university as more socioeconomically diverse than did chilliness cues. Contributions to our under...
Smart Communities and Networked Organizations

The reduction in human interaction costs enabled by social computing technologies has created opportunities for companies to reduce the cost of growth and of innovation both by getting much more value out of their own personnel and by using people they do not employ to create value for them, either gratis, or for a fee to be paid only after the value is created. Recognition of these opportunities is driving business reorganization by “early adopter” companies pursuing the benefits to be derived from business applications of social computing. These benefits are anchored in the growing centrality to wealth creation of continuous innovation. Continuous innovation, in turn, is critically dependent on tacit interactions among people, that is, on interactions that provide access to implicit, as well as explicit, knowledge, information, experience and expertise possessed by possibly very large numbers of people, who may be widely distributed, organizationally, and even globally.
CYTOPLASMIC DAMAGE LEADING TO DELAY OF ORAL REGENERATION IN STENTOR COERULEUS

Abstract Ultraviolet light (UV)-irradiation leads to a rapid but transient interruption of oral regeneration, the replacement of missing feeding organelles, in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus , resulting subsequently in a delay in the completion of development. Since the large size of this cell renders it unlikely that significant amounts of UV can penetrate the cytoplasm to the macronucleus the primary site of UV absorption probably resides in the cytoplasm. UV-microbeam experiments indicate, however, that damage to the macronucleus, or something in the immediate vicinity of this organelle, is involved in the radiation response. Interference with some macronuclear or other process essential to regeneration is proposed to result from the action of a diffusible cytoplasmic “photo-toxin”. A recovery process, which either acts to rid the cell of the “toxin” or to repair some secondary damage, also occurs. The UV absorbing moiety in the cytoplasm has not been identified, nor has the “toxin”, nor the process(es) with which it interfers. Experiments designed to help answer these questions are discussed.
Overlooked Sources of the Bed Trick

A LTHOUGH THE BED-TRICK CONVENTION employed by Shakespeare to resolve the plots of both All's Well That Ends Well and Measure for Measure is morally abhorrent to many modem critics, it has respectable antecedents in religious and royal genealogies.' Indeed, it is a basic device in the cultural tradition of Western civilization to provide for the conception of a divine child who must be born into the world of man.
Distribution of radioactivity in human maternal and fetal tissues following administration of C14-4-progesterone.

SummaryC14-4-progesterone was administered intramuscularly to pregnant women who were scheduled for therapeutic abortion. Distribution of radioactivity in maternal and fetal tissue removed at various time intervals following injections was determined. The highest concentration of radioactivity was found in the maternal fat. A rough calculation revealed that it contained about 17.7% of the administered radioactivity 12 hours. 33.7% 24 hours, and 19.6% 48 hours after administration of the labelled hormone. These findings indicate that progesterone and or its metabolites diffuse promptly from the blood circulation into the fat compartment of the body. Only moderate amounts of radioactivity were found in the myometrium and the decidua. the 2 principal target organs of progesterone. Low to moderate concentrations of radioactivity were detected in the organs which serve as principal sources of the hormone, the corpus luteum and the placenta. Radioactivity was present in all fetal tissues in relatively small amo...
Interaction of Antisera to the Secretory Component with FcαR

The predominant immunoglobulin (Ig) in human external secretions is secretory IgA (SIgA) (1) which appears to be produced largely by IgA-containing plasma cells underlying the mucosal epithelium (1,2). IgA is unique in that two distinct receptors for the Fc portion of the molecule exist, the secretory component (SC) and the Fc receptor for IgA (FcaR) (3). SC is a glycoprotein associated with the epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces (4), and functions both as a receptor for polymeric IgA and IgM and as a transport molecule in the translocation of Igs across secretory epithelium into exocrine fluids (4,5). The FcaR has been reported to be present on both B and T lymphocytes, monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in a number of species (3). While the role of I FcaR on these cells is not clear, there is evidence that T cells which express membrane-bound Fc receptors may regulate Ig production in an isotype- specific manner both in vivo and in vitro. In some cases, this regulation is mediated via the release of soluble, isotype-specific Ig binding factors from FcR+ T cells (3).
Analysis of clinical features and prognosis of children with severe handfood-mouth disease combined with nerve damage

Aim: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of severe hand-food-mouth disease combined with nerve damage.Methods: The clinical data of 58 children with severe hand-food-mouth disease combined with nerve damage were collected.A total of 42 cases survived were followed up.Results: Out of the 58 cases,42( 72.4%) had brain stem encephalitis,13( 22.4%) had acute flaccid paralysis( 8 cases of encephalomyelitis and 5 cases of class polio syndrome),and3( 5.2%) had encephalitis.Among the 42 patients that could be followed up,12( 28.6%) presented with neurological sequelae; pulmonary hemorrhage,weak tendon reflexes and muscle strength of grade 0 were the major risk factors for neurological prognosis.Conclusion: Brainstem encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis are the main manifestations of nerve damage in children with severe hand-food-mouth disease,resulting in a high incidence of neurological sequelae; the cases with pulmonary hemorrhage,weak tendon reflexes and muscle strength of grade 0 have poor outcome.
HYDRA: Extending Shared Address Programming for Accelerator Clusters

This work extends shared address programming to accelerator clusters by pursuing a simple form of shared-address programming, named HYDRA, where the programmer only specifies the parallel regions in the program. We present a fully automatic translation system that generates an MPI + accelerator program from a HYDRA program. Our mechanism ensures scalability of the generated program by optimizing data placement and transfer to and from the limited, discrete memories of accelerator devices. We also present a compiler design built on a high-level IR to support multiple accelerator architectures. Evaluation results demonstrate the scalability of the translated programs on five well-known benchmarks. On average, HYDRA gains a 24.54x speedup over single-accelerator performance when running on a 64-node Intel Xeon Phi cluster and a 27.56x speedup when running on a 64-node NVIDIA GPU cluster.
Forward and backward masking in motor systems.

Masking in motor systems was defined as the omission of one act in a sequence due to an earlier or later act in the sequence. A study of phoneme omission in natural speech showed that:
Engineering 2D and 3D Cellular Microenvironments Using Laser Direct Write

Advances in biology and medicine have created a number of applications that demand greater control over the features that comprise the cellular microenvironment. In areas such as tissue engineering, in vitro diagnostics, and directed stem cell differentiation, it is important to manipulate specific microenvironmental features using engineering approaches to influence cell–material (cell–substrate) and cell–cell interactions. One way by which this can be achieved is using a high-resolution, spatially precise cell printing technique that is compatible with engineered materials. A patterning approach of particular interest is laser direct-write (LDW), a forward transfer technique that has been further developed to print biological materials and viable cells with high spatial precision in customizable patterns in 2D, and more recently in 3D microenvironments. The flexibility of LDW (2D and/or 3D) combined with substrates of controllable features (e.g. hydrogels, electrospun fibers) grants unprecedented control in microenvironment fabrication, allowing novel applications and fundamental research questions to be explored.
Development of a positively charged nanofiltration membrane for use in organic solvents

Abstract In this work, a positively charged nanofiltration membrane was developed by chemical modification of a P84 copolyimide ultrafiltration membrane using branched polyethylenimine. The effect of reaction temperature on membrane morphology, surface charge, and separation performance was investigated. A reaction temperature of 70 °C was optimal as the membrane showed best performance in terms of salt rejections and water fluxes when Na2SO4, NaCl and CaCl2 aqueous solutions were used as feeds. Such membrane had a molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of 226 Da indicating its effectiveness for separation of organics. Rejections to three dyes in methanol solutions were in the order of methyl orange (negative, MW: 327 Da)
Biomarkers in Cardio-Renal Dysfunction

In cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), cardiac and renal dysfunction coexist, creating a complex clinical picture. This commonly encountered scenario is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiorenal biomarkers are emerging as a tool to help define CRS pathophysiology and direct patient care. Emerging novel biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C (CysC), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and proenkephalin (pro-ENK) can help identify renal impairment earlier, further delineate etiology and potentially guide treatment in the future. In this chapter, we will discuss cardio-renal syndrome, definitions of renal injury, the limitations of creatinine as a biomarker, and new biomarkers for cardio-renal dysfunction.
On the application of pattern recognition techniques to oceanographic signal processing

Pattern recognition techniques can be used in the design of computer programs for interpretation of the oceanographic seismic data. A typical pattern recognition problem is defined by feature measurements, pattern classes, and the decision rule. The physical parameters which describe the structure of the deep sea floors correspond to feature sets in pattern recognition. Examples of pattern classes are various rocks, sediments, mantles, and oceanic layers of low, medium and high porosity. The decision criterion is the minimum number of misclassifications. Specifically, the pattern recognition techniques are applied to processing of a digital seismic data tape supplied by the Woods Hole Oceanograpic Institution. A temporal array data processor combine the time-delayed data by using the stochastic approximation algorithm. Classification is then made between the recent sediments and the older eroded sediments.
Coding for Efficient Caching in Multicore Embedded Systems

We present an information theoretic approach to caching in multicore embedded systems. In contrast to conventional approaches where caches are treated independently, we leverage novel cache placement and coded data delivery algorithms that treat the caches holistically, and provably reduce the communication overhead resulting from main memory accesses. The proposed approach intelligently places data across the processors' caches such that in the event of cache misses, the main memory can opportunistically send coded data blocks that are simultaneously useful to multiple processors. Using architectural simulations, we demonstrate that the coded caching approach significantly reduces the communication overhead, thus reducing the overall memory access energy and latency, while imposing minimal overheads. In a quad-core embedded system, compared to conventional caching schemes, the coded caching approach reduced the access energy and latency by an average of 36% and 16%, respectively.
Correctional Officer Risk Perceptions and Professional Orientations: Examining Linkages Between the Two

Prisons managing treatment programs for incarcerated offenders require correctional officers to share favorable dispositions toward prisoners and rehabilitation if they are to function effectively....
Deaf studies meets autistic studies

What might deaf studies and autistic studies have in common? Why, in many cases, is deafness considered to be a norm to be analyzed through linguistic and cultural frameworks, while autism is (stil...
Shaping public management for governance and development: The cases of Pakistan and Bangladesh

In line with contemporary trends in the developing world, countries in South Asia are under pressure from both political and civil societies and the international donor community to recast their administrative systems. New tools and practices in public governance have been advanced to remedy structural deficiencies, procedural flaws, managerial incompetence, and weak accountability in the public sector. International organizations emphasize the need to improve the relationship between governance and socio-economic outcome; and accountability, transparency, probity, predictability, and participation are acknowledged as essential ingredients for effectively managing development. This article focuses on two South Asian countries (Pakistan and Bangladesh) and examines the various measures adopted by their governments to reshape governance and public management in recent times.
Real-Time Continuous Detection and Recognition of Subject-Specific Smart TV Gestures via Fusion of Depth and Inertial Sensing

This paper presents a real-time detection and recognition approach to identify actions of interest involved in the smart TV application from continuous action streams via simultaneous utilization of a depth camera and a wearable inertial sensor. Continuous action streams mean when actions of interest are performed continuously and randomly among arbitrary actions of non-interest. The developed approach consists of a detection part and a recognition part. In the detection part, two support vector data descriptor classifiers corresponding to the two sensing modalities are used to separate actions of interest from actions of non-interest in continuous action streams. The actions detected as actions of interest by both of the sensing modalities are then passed to the recognition part. In this part, actions of interest are classified by fusing the decisions from two collaborative representation classifiers, one classifier using skeleton joint positions and the other classifier using inertial signals. The developed approach is applied to the hand gestures in the smart TV application. The experimental results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the developed approach to detect and recognize smart TV gestures in continuous action streams.
ON DECENTRALIZED OBSERVATION AND DECENTRALIZED CONTROL OF LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS

Abstract In this paper, the problem of decentralized observation and decentralized control of linear, time-invariant large scale systems is studied. Based on conventional observer theory, the necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of completely decentralized observer are obtained. Moreover, the necessary and sufficient condition is given for stabilization of large scale systems by local output with state of the subsystem estimated through the completely decentralized observer.
Epigenetic Modifications Following Noxious Stimuli in Infants

Purpose:To recruit healthy full- and preterm infants into genetic research and determine the effectiveness of a noninvasive DNA sampling technique for comparing epigenetic modifications.Background:...
Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction in Patients With Autoimmune/Connective Tissue Disease

Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune or connective tissue (CT) disease undergoing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction. Materials and Methods Patients were divided into 2 groups based on type of TMJ reconstruction. Patients in group 1 (n = 9) underwent autogenous reconstruction and had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (5), lupus arthritis (1), and psoriatic arthritis (3). Patients in group 2 (n = 2l) had alloplastic reconstruction with a patient-fitted total joint prosthesis (TMJ Concepts, Ventura, CA) and had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (15), lupus (3), and psoriatic arthritis (3). Standardized clinical and radiographic examinations were performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at longest follow-up after surgery (T3). Results Group l showed no meaningful improvement in maximal opening without pain, a decrease in lateral excursions, minimal decrease in TMJ pain, and a 32% relapse of chin projection at point B at T3. Average postsurgery follow-up time was 58 months. Postsurgical ankylosis was seen in 22% of patients. In contrast, group 2 showed a statistically meaningful decrease in subjective TMJ pain and lateral excursive movements and improvement in jaw function, diet, maximal incisal opening without pain, and only 5% showed a relapse at point B at T3. Average postsurgical follow-up in this group was 78 months. Conclusions Improved treatment outcomes were obtained with alloplastic TMJ total joint reconstruction compared with autogenous TMJ reconstruction in patients with autoimmune or CT disease.
The link between maternal sleep and permissive parenting during late adolescence

Utilizing a multi-method design, the present study examined the association between maternal sleep, assessed via actigraphy and self-reports, and permissive parenting (e.g. lax, inconsistent discipline) during adolescence, as well as the extent to which this association differed by mothers' race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The sample was comprised of 234 mothers (M age = 41.76 years, SD = 6.25; 67% European-American, 31% African-American, 2% other race/ethnicities) and 237 adolescents (113 boys, 124 girls; M age = 15.80 years, SD = 0.80; 66% European-American, 34% African-American). Mothers' sleep duration (actual sleep minutes) and quality (sleep efficiency, latency, long wake episodes) were assessed using actigraphy. Mothers also reported on their sleep problems and adolescents reported on mothers' permissive parenting behaviours. Results revealed that actigraphy-based longer sleep duration and shorter sleep latency were associated with lower levels of permissive parenting. Further, mothers' race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status moderated the association between actigraphy-based sleep quality (i.e. sleep efficiency, long wake episodes) and permissive parenting. Specifically, a negative association between sleep efficiency and permissive parenting was evident only for African-American mothers. In addition, a positive association between more frequent night wakings and permissive parenting was evident only for mothers from lower socioeconomic status households. The findings highlight the benefits of longer and higher-quality sleep for reducing the risk of permissive parenting, especially among ethnic minority mothers and mothers from lower socioeconomic status households.
Underuse of exon mutational analysis for gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Abstract Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have become the guideline-recommended therapy for high-risk resected and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Exon mutational analysis (EMA) is used to inform pretherapy response to TKI and may predict overall prognosis. Despite these benefits, EMA remains underused, and its impact on TKI therapy decision-making remains unexplored. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort was established from 104 patients receiving treatment for GISTs from 2006 to 2017. Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines indicate that EMA should be considered for all patients undergoing TKI therapy to identify genotypes that are likely, or unlikely, to respond to treatment. We first tracked guideline-considered EMA use and subsequent impact on treatment decision-making. A questionnaire was then administered to gastrointestinal medical oncologists to assess EMA perception. Results Among 104 GIST patients, 54 (52%) received TKI therapy. Of these, only 22 (41%) received EMA. Informed by EMA, treatment decisions included 59% who continued with original TKI therapy, 32% who switched to an alternative TKI, and 9% who discontinued or received no TKI. Although 92% of physicians indicated EMA was a valuable tool, only 62% indicated they used it “frequently” or “always” to inform treatment decisions. Conclusions Less than half of patients receiving TKI therapy for GISTs received EMA at a comprehensive cancer center. Despite this low uptake, when it was performed, EMA guided alternative treatment decision in 41% of patients. Physician survey responses indicated that interventions targeting physician education and an electronic medical record reminder may improve EMA uptake.
Gestão da internacionalização da Educação Superior: desafios para o desenvolvimento do estudante global / Management of Higher Education internationalization: Challenges for the development of global students

Por nao ter uma clara politica publica para a internacionalizacao da Educacao Superior, o Brasil nao oferece parâmetros as Instituicoes de Educacao Superior para constituirem curriculos que atentem, particularmente, as exigencias de formacao do estudante em tempos de globalizacao. O apelo para formar um aluno global, internacional, expoe a necessidade de que ele seja critico ante suas experiencias de interconectividade. Ao mesmo tempo, aqueles responsaveis por suas disciplinas devem ter a capacidade de desenvolver, nesse aluno, o reconhecimento de suas proprias relacoes globais a partir das tensoes existentes no mundo e suas desigualdades. O objetivo deste artigo e expor, de forma critica, a fragilidade da gestao pedagogica implementada pelas Instituicoes de Educacao Superior brasileiras para o desenvolvimento dos alunos em uma sociedade global. Os dados aqui trabalhados decorrem de uma pesquisa bibliografica e documental com relacao ao tema da gestao da internacionalizacao do Ensino Superior brasileiro. Da mesma forma, contemplam diario de campo e as vivencias dos autores enquanto gestores em suas Universidades. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de tomada de decisao sobre formacao de talentos para o futuro do Brasil; uma agenda de cooperacao internacional em materia de transferencia de conhecimento; a contribuicao nacional aos desafios mundiais; e a vinculacao das atividades de internacionalizacao das agendas regionais.
Tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab correlates with HER2 status in patients with metastatic breast cancer

1324 Objectives Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+, i.e., IHC 3+ or 2+/FISH > 2.2) metastatic breast cancer routinely receive the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab/PET-CT has high tumor detection sensitivity in HER2+ patients [Bading, et al., JNM 2012;53 (Suppl 1):229P]. We are also imaging HER2- patients and present an initial comparison of tumor uptake between the two groups. Methods Patients with biopsy-proven HER2+ (n=9) or HER2- [IHC 1+ (n=1) or IHC 2+/FISH- (n=3)] metastatic disease who had not received anti-HER2 therapy for ≥ 4 mo were given trastuzumab i.v. (45 mg, to reduce liver uptake) prior to i.v. injection of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab (364-512 MBq). PET-CT scans were obtained at 21-25 h (Day 1; 3-4 bed positions, 20 or 15 min each) and 47-49 h (Day 2; 1-2 bed positions, 60 or 30 min each) over fields of view based on recent (5-17 d prior) 18F-FDG scans. Tumor uptake was measured as maximum voxel and whole-tumor SUV (SUVmax, SUVwt). Results For Day 1, mean SUVmax was 77% higher in lesions from HER2+ vs HER2- patients [(n, mean, median, sd, range) = (57, 7.8, 6.6, 4.3, 2.4-22.5) and (25, 4.4, 4.1, 1.1, 3.0-6.8), respectively; p HER2- (3 pts), p HER2- (3 pts), p Conclusions Tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab was higher on average in HER2+ vs HER2- patients, with significant intra-group and intra-patient variability. Our observations suggest that, by 1 day post-injection, uptake reflects binding of the radiotracer to HER2. Intra-group and intra-patient heterogeneity may have been due to variations in tumor HER2 expression, and/or other factors (blood clearance, blood-tumor transport, etc.) that influence uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Research Support DOD 1024511
Infectious Endophthalmitis: Review of 36 Cases

A three-year retrospective study of 36 cases of infectious endophthalmitis seen at a large referral eye center between 1977 and 1980 was conducted. The criterion for infectious endophthalmitis was the culture of microorganisms from aqueous or vitreous on at least two media. The most frequent pathogen was Staphylococcus epidermis; it was isolated from 18 (50%) of the cases. In cases of infectious endophthalmitis following recent cataract extraction, S. epidermidis was isolated from 10 to 17 eyes (58.8%). Complete loss of visual function occurred in 16 of the 36 eyes (44.4%); a visual acuity of 20/400 or better as recorded in 15 eyes (41.6%) and 20/100 or better in eight (22.2%). Fifty percent of the cases were treated with vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotics. Poor visual outcome was associated with gram-negative organisms or delay of vitrectomy more than 24 hours after the initial diagnosis. In cases of postoperative S. epidermidis endophthalmitis, the most favorable visual outcomes were associated with use of intraocular antibiotics and vitrectomy; 80% of cases so treated had a final visual acuity of 20/400 or better and 60% had a visual acuity of 20/100 or better.
Structure and Function of E. Coli Pyridoxine Phosphate Oxidase

Escherichia coli pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase was purified from an overexpressing plasmid containing thepdxHgene. The enzyme is a 53 kDa homodimer with 1 FMN bound non-covalently to each subunit. A method was developed for removing the bound FMN to generate an apoenzyme with no absorbance maxima above 300 nm. Complete activity could be restored by addition of FMN. The apoenzyme was observed to bind pyridoxal 5’-phosphate tightly at a non-catalytic site. The tightly bound pyridoxal 5’-phosphate did not dissociate during size exclusion chromatography, and did not affect the maximum catalytic activity of the enzyme with pyridoxine 5’-phosphate as substrate. A crystal structure of the enzyme has been determined to 1.8 A.
Creatine based polymer for codelivery of bioengineered MicroRNA and chemodrugs against breast cancer lung metastasis.

Metastasis is the major cause for breast cancer related mortality. The combination of miRNA-based therapy and chemotherapy represents a promising approach against breast cancer lung metastasis. The goal of this study is to develop an improved therapy that co-delivers a novel bioengineered miRNA prodrug (tRNA-mir-34a) and doxorubicin (DOX) via a multifunctional nanomicellar carrier that is based on a conjugate of amphiphilic copolymer POEG-VBC backbone with creatine, a naturally occurring cationic molecule. Co-delivery of DOX leads to more effective processing of tRNA-mir-34a into mature miR-34a and down-regulation of target genes. DOX + tRNA-mir-34a/POEG-PCre exhibits potent synergistic anti-tumor and anti-metastasis activity in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the enhanced immune response contributes to the overall antitumor efficacy. POEG-PCre may represent a safe and effective delivery system for an optimal chemo-gene combination therapy.
Gm-Free Assisted Opamp Technique for Continuous Time Delta-Sigma Modulators

In this paper, a modified assisted opamp technique is proposed for power saving. The original assisted opamp technique adds assistance circuitry to an integrator that results in significant linearity enhancement. The original method utilizes an analog Gm block and a DAC to provide the assistance needed. The proposed method modifies the assistance circuitry implementation, replacing the Gm block with a digital filter. Transistor level simulations for the first integrator in a continuous-time sigma-delta modulator are used to validate and compare the operation of the proposed technique with the original technique in a 180nm CMOS process. The design example uses a 3rd order 3bit CIFF modulator with a RZ DAC clocked at 100MHz with an OSR of 32.