cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refinements in endoscopic forehead rejuvenation.

Endoscopic forehead technique provides an effective method for rejuvenation of the upper face. Distinct advantages of this technique over classic methods of forehead rejuvenation such as coronal or subcutaneous approaches include significant reduction of incisional scars. Described here are three refinements related to (1) control of hair, (2) differential release of the periosteum, and (3) advanced fixation methods. Control of hair can be achieved simply by braiding and the use of an Endoscopic Access Device. Extensive release of the periosteum and arcus marginalis is recommended laterally, while elevating the medial periosteum either intact or with conservative release. Different and technologically more advanced fixation methods are described to provide better control of elevated forehead. Incorporation of these refinements strives to optimize aesthetic results while minimizing operative morbidity. These refinements have been implemented during the care of 29 patients and have proven to be of major value in achieving greater patient satisfaction and technical advancement. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 154, 1997.)
Phonemic awareness, naming, visual symbol processing, and reading

This study examined differences between adequate and poor readers in phonemic awareness, rapid continuous and confrontation naming, and visual symbol processing. It also investigated which of these skills make independent contributions to word recognition, pseudoword reading, and reading comprehension. Subjects were 170 school referrals of average intelligence, aged 6 to 10 years. The strongest differentiators of adequate and poor readers, with IQ and reading experience controlled, were phonemic awareness, naming speed for letters and pictured objects, and visual symbol processing. Letter naming speed made the largest independent contribution to word recognition, phonemic awareness to pseudoword reading, and object naming speed to reading comprehension. Confrontation picture naming accounted for minimal variance in reading skills, when IQ was controlled. It was concluded that tasks of naming speed, phonemic awareness, and visual symbol processing are valuable components of a diagnostic battery when testing children with possible reading disability.
Impact of Predation by the Invasive Crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus on Survival of Juvenile Blue Mussels in Western Long Island Sound

Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) has shown a remarkable ability to colonize rocky intertidal communities along the east coast of the United States since its introduction in the late 1980s and is an important predator of juvenile Mytilus edulis (Blue Mussel) in invaded habitats. In this study, we used two field-caging experiments and the Kaplan-Meier model to assess the impact of predation by Asian Shore Crab on the survival of juvenile Blue Mussels in an intertidal habitat of western Long Island Sound along the Connecticut coastline. Five treatment levels (high-density enclosure, low-density enclosure, exclosure, partial cage, and open plot) were used in the 2007 experiment. The high-density enclosure treatment was omitted in the 2010 experiment since there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of mussels surviving between low- and high-density crab treatments in 2007. In 2007, we measured a statistically significant difference in mussel mortality between exclosure and crab-enclosure cages, with crabs lowering the median survival time for mussels from 15.4 to 7.6 days. In 2010, we again measured a statistically significant difference in mussel mortality between exclosure and crab-enclosure cages, suggesting a crab effect on mussel survival. In the 2010 experiment, approximately 25% of the mussel mortality was attributable to crab predation, which reduced median survival time for mussels from 12.8 to 5.6 days. The median survival time for mussels exposed to the full complement of factors affecting survival (open plots and partial cages) was only 2–3 days. Our study shows that predation by Asian crabs may account for up to 25% of the Blue Mussel mortality in the intertidal zone at Black Rock Harbor. Further studies focusing on the importance of other biotic and abiotic factors are needed to understand the apparent declines in Blue Mussel populations and the interannual variability in recruitment success in this area.
Visibility for Determining the Rotational Axis CNC Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Manufacturing

This paper outlines the requirements for employing visibility for CNC Rapid Prototyping (RP) and Rapid Manufacturing (RM), e.g., necessary conditions for CNC RP. Visibility, as used here, is with respect to line-of-sight access for the tool to the workpiece for machining access. This method forms the basis for the selection of an axis of rotation for which the workpiece would be completely visible and a step in the automation sequence for this process. A review of prior visibility work in the area of machining is included and specifically those related to CNC RP. Additionally, there is a discussion of a new software implementation of visibility and its methodology for CNC RP. The goal of this implementation is to develop a procedure that will reduce the set of all potential workpiece rotational axes to a subset that will provide full visibility. Results are presented for the software tool along with potential improvements for the future.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Steganography in Arabic text using Kashida variation algorithm (KVA)

The need for secure communications has significantly increased with the explosive growth of the internet and mobile communications. The usage of text documents has doubled several times over the past years especially with mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a new steganography algorithm for Unicode language (Arabic). The algorithm employs some Arabic language characteristics which represent extension letters. Kashida letter is an optional property for any Arabic text and usually is not popularly used. Many algorithms tried to employ this property to hide data in Arabic text. In our method, we use this property to hide data and reduce the probability of suspicions. The proposed algorithm first introduces four scenarios to add Kashida letters. Then, random concepts are employed for selecting one of the four scenarios for each round. Message segmentation principles are also applied, enabling the sender to select more than one strategy for each block of message. At the other end, the recipient can recognize which algorithm was applied and can then decrypt then message content and aggregate it. Kashida variation algorithm can be extended to other similar Unicode languages to improve robustness and capacity.
Incorporation of Oxidized Uranium into Fe (Hydr)oxides during Fe(II) Catalyzed Remineralization

The form of solid phase U after Fe(II) induced anaerobic remineralization of ferrihydrite in the presence of aqueous and absorbed U(VI) was investigated under both abiotic batch and biotic flow conditions. Experiments were conducted with synthetic ground waters containing 0.168 mM U(VI), 3.8 mM carbonate, and 3.0 mM Ca2+. In spite of the high solubility of U(VI) under these conditions, appreciable removal of U(VI) from solution was observed in both the abiotic and biotic systems. The majority of the removed U was determined to be substituted as oxidized U (U(VI) or U(V)) into the octahedral position of the goethite and magnetite formed during ferrihydrite remineralization. It is estimated that between 3 and 6% of octahedral Fe(III) centers in the new Fe minerals were occupied by U. This site specific substitution is distinct from the nonspecific U coprecipitation processes in which uranyl compounds, e.g., uranyl hydroxide or carbonate, are entrapped within newly formed Fe oxides. The prevalence of site sp...
Circularly polarized luminescence studies of the ternary complexes formed by Tb(III) aminopolycarboxylates and (R,R)-tartaric acid

Abstract The nature of the bonding between Tb(III) and (R,R)-tartaric acid in ternary aminopolycarboxylate complexes has been investigated by means of circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy. Additional evidence regarding the inner coordination sphere of Tb(III) ion was deduced from the studies of emission lifetimes in H2O and D2O solvents. It was found that in one system, the tartrate ligand bound the Tb(III) ion in a terdentate manner (two carboxylates and a hydroxyl group). In another system, the tartrate was found to bind in a tetradentate fashion employing all functional groups of the ligand. Finally, in two other systems, evidence was obtained which indicated that the tartrate bound the Tb(III) ion through a mixture of bonding types. No evidence was found to indicate that tartrate could bind in the purely bidentate manner of aspartic acid.
Lysolec1thin binding to human and squirrel monkey plasma and tissue components

Abstract The binding of lysolecithin to plasma and tissue components was evaluated using several methods: ultracentrifugation, reverse dialysis, and heparin-Mn 2+ precipitation of low and very low density lipoproteins. The various plasma and tissue fractions differed considerably in their binding capacities and affinities for lysolecithin. Low, very low, and high density lipoproteins bound at least 10 times more lysolecithin than albumin on a protein basis. On a molar basis the binding capacity of low density lipoproteins was 80 times that of albumin; the binding affinity was also several fold greater. The binding capacities of apo-low density and apo-high density lipoproteins were much less than those of native lipoproteins; this suggested a role of lipids in lysolecithin binding. γ-Globulin showed no tendency to bind lysolecithin. The lysolecithin binding capacity of plasma membrane fractions of a number of tissues including liver, white matter of brain, and aortic intima plus inner media was greater than that of any other tissue subtraction (resembling the values for plasma low density lipoproteins) whereas the cytosol fraction had the least attraction for lysolecithin. Studies on the comparative binding of lysolecithin by plasma and tissue proteins in a single system emphasized the high affinity of lysolecithin for lipoproteins and cellular plasma membranes.
Nanoengineering Heat Transfer Performance at Carbon Nanotube Interfaces

Carbon nanotubes are superb materials for nanoscale thermal management and phononic devices applications, due to their extremely high thermal conductivity (3000−6600 W/mK) and quasi-one-dimensional geometry. However, the presence of interfaces between individual carbon nanotubes as found widely in nanocomposites, nanoelectronics, and nanodevices severely limits their performance for larger scale applications. Solving this issue requires a deep understanding of the heat transfer mechanism at this nanoscale interface between low-dimensional structures, where conventional models developed for interfaces in bulk materials do not apply. Here we address this challenge through a bottom-up approach based on atomistic simulations. We demonstrate that the huge thermal resistance of carbon nanotube junctions can be significantly improved through modifying the molecular structure at the interface to enhance both the matching of phonon spectra and phonon mode coupling. Specifically, two approaches based on polymer wra...
Degradation of Biochemical Activity in Soil Sterilized by Dry Heat and Gamma Radiation

The effect of soil sterilization by dry heat (0.08% relative humidity), gamma radiation, or both on soil phosphatase, urease, and decarboxylase activity was studied. Soil sterilized by a long exposure to dry heat at relatively low temperatures (eight weeks at 100.5 C) retained higher activities than did soil exposed to a higher temperature (two weeks at 124.5 C), while all activity was destroyed by four days at 148.5 C. Sterilization with 7.5 Mrads destroyed less activity than did heat sterilization. The effect of several individually nonsterizing doses of heat radiation is described.
On finite deflections of anisotropic laminated elastic plates

Abstract The purposes of this paper are to (1) deduce a generalization of Von Karman's analysis, incorporating the effects of transverse shear deformations and of laminations, with the planes of the laminations not necessarily parallel to the plane of the plate; (2) further pursue the possibility of deriving plate equations from three-dimensional elasticity through use of a variational equation for displacements and transverse stresses; (3) consider the possibility of utilizing finite-elasticity variational formulations, including independent translational and rotational displacement components for the derivation of approximate two-dimensional results from three-dimensional theory.
Nondestructive Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Wool Fabrics by an Acoustic Emission Method

The mechanical properties of textiles are important because they define many of the performance characteristics of end-products. Stress-strain tests are commonly used to measure tensile properties,...
The relationship between self-efficacy and reductions in smoking in a contingency management procedure.

Social– cognitive and behavioral theories of change disagree on what the relevant controlling variables for initiating behavior change are. Correlations between baseline smoking cessation self-efficacy and the changes in breath carbon monoxide (CO) and the reduction in breath CO and increases in smoking cessation self-efficacy from baseline were obtained from a contingency management smoking cessation procedure. A test of the difference between the cross-lag correlations suggested a nonspurious causal relationship between smoking cessation self-efficacy and changes in breath CO. Path analyses showed that decreases in breath CO (reductions in smoking) predicted later increases in smoking cessation self-efficacy. Baseline self-reports of smoking cessation self-efficacy were not significantly correlated with subsequent changes in breath CO. Rather, significant correlations were found between reductions in breath CO and later increases in smoking cessation self-efficacy. These results suggest that self-efficacy may be a cognitive response to one’s own behavior, and are inconsistent with a social– cognitive view of self-efficacy’s role in behavior change. Implications for the development of smoking cessation programs and health-promoting behavior changes in general are discussed.
Comparison of AM1 and density functional theory generated transition state structures and activation energies for cyanoalkenes addition to cyclopentadiene

Abstract A new approach for the evaluation of activation energies of the Diels-Alder reaction has been introduced. The geometries of the reactants and transition structures for the addition of ethylene, acrylonitrile and 1,1-dicyanoethylene to cyclopentadiene were generated with the AM1 semiempirical method, and energies are evaluated with the Becke3LYP hybrid DFT method by using the 6-31G(d) and 6-311G(2d,2p) basis sets. These energies are also estimated on Beck e3LYP/6-31G(d) generated structures. The results obtained are compared with the experimental data and the suitability of this approach is discussed.
Reconstruction of nonuniform residual stress for soft hyperelastic tissue via inverse spectral techniques

Abstract Residual stress is a stress that can exist in a body in the absence of externally applied loads. It is a challenge to model and predict it in soft tissues both theoretically and experimentally. Mathematical inverse spectral techniques are developed in this article to reconstruct the residual stress in the arterial wall. The techniques are theoretically based on a novel use of the intravascular ultrasound technology (IVUS) by obtaining several natural frequencies of the vessel wall material. As the IVUS is interrogating inside the artery, it produces small amplitude, high frequency time harmonic vibration superimposed on the quasi-static deformation of the pre-stressed artery resulting from pulsatile blood flow. Accordingly, two categories of boundary value problems are formulated to form Sturm–Liouville problems (SLP) with the natural eigenfrequencies from IVUS implementation as eigenvalues of the SLP. Via an optimization approach instead of the traditional equation-solving method, the algorithms for an inverse spectral technique are established to recover the residual stress as functions. Robustness of the algorithms is increased by overestimation of the problem. Comprehensive tests are performed to assess the accuracy of the solution. Numerical examples are displayed to illustrate the application of the technique.
Volatile decomposition products of the oxidative polymers of ethyl linolenate

Oxidative polymers which had been isolated from autoxidized ethyl linolenate were oxidatively decomposed in a closed system at room temperature. The decomposition products were collected in appropriate traps and separated into various fractions on the basis of their volatility and solubility. The aldehydes and ketones thus obtained were converted into 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, chromatographed on silica gel, and the isolated 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones identified by standard procedures. Methyl ethyl ketone, propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and alpha-pentenal were positively identified, and evidence for the presence of crotonaldehyde and an unknown five-carbon-carbonyl compound was obtained.
Mechanistic investigations of the pseudouridine synthase RluA using RNA containing 5-fluorouridine.

The pseuoduridine synthases (Ψ synthases) isomerize uridine (U) to pseudouridine (Ψ) in RNA, and they fall into five families that share very limited sequence similarity but have the same overall fold and active-site architecture, including an essential Asp. The mechanism by which the Ψ synthases operate remains unknown, and mechanistic work has largely made use of RNA containing 5-fluorouridine (f5U) in place of U. The Ψ synthase TruA forms a covalent adduct with such RNA, and heat disruption of the adduct generates a hydrated product of f5U, which was reasonably concluded to result from the hydrolysis of an ester linkage between the essential Asp and f5U. In contrast, the Ψ synthase TruB, which is a member of a different family, does not form an adduct with f5U in RNA but catalyzes the rearrangement and hydration of the f5U, which labeling studies with [18O]water showed does not result from ester hydrolysis. To extend the line of mechanistic investigation to another family of Ψ synthases and an enzyme t...
The Mottelson-Valatin effect in the SO(5) scheme

Abstract It is shown in this paper that the Mottelson-Valatin effect can also occur in the 5-dimentional surface oscillations, namely the SO (5) scheme. This method is used to discuss the violation of the SO (6) symmetry properties in the γ-soft nuclei.
Arene Oxide Synthesis: Phenanthrene‐9,10‐Oxide

ARENE OXIDE SYNTHESIS: PHENANTHRENE-9,10-OXIDE intermediate: trans-9,10-Dihydro-9,10-phenanthrenediol (1) product: Phenanthrene-9,10-oxide (2) Keywords: elimination, dehydration; epoxide formation; reduction, CO choh; 9,10-phenanthrenequinone; tetrahydrofuran
Integrated fabrication-conjugation approaches for biomolecular assembly and protein sensing with hybrid microparticle platforms and biofabrication - A focused minireview

Controlled manufacturing of polymeric hydrogel microparticles is crucial, yet challenging, for rapid and sensitive detection of biomacromolecules in biodiagnostics and biosensing applications. Our approach is an integrated fabrication-conjugation strategy utilizing a simple and robust micromolding technique and biofabrication with a potent aminopolysaccharide chitosan as an efficient conjugation handle for high-yield bioorthogonal conjugation reactions. We present a concise overview of our recent findings in the controlled fabrication of shape-encoded or core-shell structured microparticles consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and short single-stranded (ss) DNA or chitosan, and their utility in the covalent conjugation and nucleic acid hybridization-based assembly of target ssDNAs, proteins and viral nanotemplates. Particularly, two novel routes to achieve substantially improved protein conjugation capacity and kinetics are presented from our recent reports: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a high capacity nanotubular template and polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) of pre-polymer droplets for controlled core-shell structure formation. We envision that our fabrication-conjugation approaches reported here, combined with our current and future endeavors in improved fabrication and design of controlled structures with chemical functionalities, should permit a range of manufacturing strategies for advanced functional microscale materials and platforms in a wide array of applications.
Housing Policy And The Underclass: The United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands

ABSTRACT: The urban underclass has gained considerable currency as a concept to describe the changing face of poverty in the United States. Locating the urban underclass within the theoretical framework of citizenship and social class, this paper broadens conceptualizations of the urban underclass to allow a comparative analysis. Using the conceptualization developed, the author analyzes the role of housing in the social and spatial segregation and isolation that have been the hallmarks of the urban underclass in the United States, as well as in the Netherlands, Germany, and England. After comparing the divergent housing policies in the three European countries, the author examines local-level data in one old industrial city in each country. While there is some spatial concentration of poor and minority populations, the neighborhoods in question remain ethnically heterogeneous and do not lack social institutions. In short, they are far removed from the US hyperghetto.
Characterization of mixtures of linear polyethylenes of ultrahigh and moderate molecular weights

The crystallinity, density, dynamic mechanical properties, (25 to 250°C, 11 Hz), and tensile properties at 25°C have been studied for two mixtures of ultrahigh-molecular-weight linear polyethylene (Mw = 2.0 × 106), abbreviated UHMWLPE, and moderate-molecular-weight linear polyethylene (Mw = 5.7 × 104), abbreviated LPE. These mixtures, which covered the entire composition range, had been prepared with differing solvent-thermal histories. An enhancement of both crystallinity and density and an obvious synergism in tensile properties were observed for quenched films made from the mixture in which both components had been co-dissolved. The data indicate that UHMWLPE and LPE can cocrystallize under given circumstances.
Image retrieval from scientific publications: Text and image content processing to separate multipanel figures

Images contained in scientific publications are widely considered useful for educational and research purposes, and their accurate indexing is critical for efficient and effective retrieval. Such image retrieval is complicated by the fact that figures in the scientific literature often combine multiple individual subfigures (panels). Multipanel figures are in fact the predominant pattern in certain types of scientific publications. The goal of this work is to automatically segment multipanel figures—a necessary step for automatic semantic indexing and in the development of image retrieval systems targeting the scientific literature. We have developed a method that uses the image content as well as the associated figure caption to: (1) automatically detect panel boundaries; (2) detect panel labels in the images and convert them to text; and (3) detect the labels and textual descriptions of each panel within the captions. Our approach combines the output of image-content and text-based processing steps to split the multipanel figures into individual subfigures and assign to each subfigure its corresponding section of the caption. The developed system achieved precision of 81% and recall of 73% on the task of automatic segmentation of multipanel figures.
A simpler definition of major depressive disorder.

BackgroundThe DSM-IV symptom criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are somewhat lengthy, with many studies showing that treatment providers have difficulty recalling all nine symptoms. Moreover, the criteria include somatic symptoms that are difficult to apply in patients with medical illnesses. In a previous report, we developed a briefer definition of MDD that was composed of the mood and cognitive symptoms of the DSM-IV criteria, and found high levels of agreement between the simplified and full DSM-IV definitions. The goal of the present study was to replicate these findings in another large sample of psychiatric out-patients and to extend the findings to other patient samples.MethodWe interviewed 1100 psychiatric out-patients and 210 pathological gamblers presenting for treatment and 1200 candidates for bariatric surgery. All patients were interviewed by a diagnostic rater who administered a semi-structured interview. We inquired about all symptoms of depression for all patients.ResultsIn all three samples high levels of agreement were found between the DSM-IV and the simpler definition of MDD. Summing across all 2510 patients, the level of agreement between the two definitions was 95.5% and the κ coefficient was 0.87.ConclusionsAfter eliminating the four somatic criteria from the DSM-IV definition of MDD, a high level of concordance was found between this simpler definition and the original DSM-IV classification. This new definition offers two advantages over the current DSM-IV definition – it is briefer and it is easier to apply with medically ill patients because it is free of somatic symptoms.
The composition of concurrent programs

This paper describes a notation for concurrent programs called PCN for Program Composition Notation. The notation is being implemented at Caltech on multicomputers (a network of computers that communicate by sending and receiving messages). A fragment of this notation has been implemented on a data-parallel computer - the Connection Machine - by Rajive Bagrodia at UCLA. PCN is an outgrowth of research on UNITY (1) and Strand (2). The central ideas underlying PCN axe discussed next.
Testing for sample selection in the Milwaukee school choice experiment

We examine data collected from the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program to determine whether students with unobserved characteristics correlated with achievement are more likely to apply to the voucher program. We first estimate probit models for application to the choice program, and then math and reading achievement models. By comparing students randomly rejected from the program with students who did not apply, we can test whether applicants and nonapplicants have unobservable characteristics that are correlated both with the choice of school sector and with the included explanatory variables. We do not find strong evidence that students who apply to participate in the Milwaukee choice program have unmeasured characteristics, such as motivation, which systematically differ from non-applicants [JEL C12, I21]. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Energy flow in angularly dispersive optical systems

Light-pulse propagation in angularly dispersive systems is explored in the context of a center-of-mass definition of energy arrival time. In this context the time of travel is given by a superposition of group delays weighted by the spectral content of the pulse. With this description the time of travel from one point to the next for a pulse is found to be completely determined by the spectral content, independent of the state of chirp. The effect of sensor orientation on arrival time is also considered.
The Changing Landscape of Total Laryngectomy Surgery

ObjectiveTo determine if the number of total laryngectomies (TL) performed in California has changed over a 15-year period from 1996 to 2010. We also sought to investigate if the location of surgery, length of stay, use of rotational/free flaps, cost, and complications changed over this period.Study DesignCross-sectional.SettingCalifornia Hospital Inpatient Discharge Data sets.Subjects and MethodsAll patient records enlisting International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedural codes for total/radical laryngectomy were extracted from 1996 to 2010 data sets. Patients’ demographics were evaluated. Hospitals were coded as university medical centers (UMCs) vs others. Population-adjusted surgery rates, percentage of surgeries with rotational/free flap and/or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), length of stay, total charges, and disposition status were then analyzed and compared between UMCs and non-UMCs.ResultsA total of 4145 TLs were performed in California during ...
User-Centered Evaluation of Arizona BioPathway: An Information Extraction, Integration, and Visualization System

Explosive growth in biomedical research has made automated information extraction, knowledge integration, and visualization increasingly important and critically needed. The Arizona BioPathway (ABP) system extracts and displays biological regulatory pathway information from the abstracts of journal articles. This study uses relations extracted from more than 200 PubMed abstracts presented in a tabular and graphical user interface with built-in search and aggregation functionality. This paper presents a task-centered assessment of the usefulness and usability of the ABP system focusing on its relation aggregation and visualization functionalities. Results suggest that our graph-based visualization is more efficient in supporting pathway analysis tasks and is perceived as more useful and easier to use as compared to a text-based literature-viewing method. Relation aggregation significantly contributes to knowledge-acquisition efficiency. Together, the graphic and tabular views in the ABP visualizer provide a flexible and effective interface for pathway relation browsing and analysis. Our study contributes to pathway-related research and biological information extraction by assessing the value of a multi- view, relation-based interface that supports user-controlled exploration of pathway information across multiple granularities.
Haplotype-Specific Effects on Endothelial NO Synthase Promoter Efficiency Modifiable by Cigarette Smoking

The T–786C promoter and 27-bp repeat intron 4 polymorphisms in the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene have been inconsistently associated with various eNOS-related phenotypic changes. We explored molecular mechanisms underlying the inconsistency. We constructed pGL3 luciferase reporter vectors by inserting an eNOS promoter fragment containing either T or C nucleotide at −786 bp at the 5′ end of the luciferase coding region and eNOS intron 4 containing either 5× or 4×27-bp repeats at the 3′ end of the luciferase gene. The transcription efficiency in the T promoter was lower than in the C promoter (15.7±1.0% vs 83.3±5.8%, P P P cis -acting role of the 27-bp repeats in eNOS promoter function and a haplotype-specific expression pattern determined by DNA variants at −786 bp and intron 4 of the eNOS gene that is also modifiable by cigarette smoking.
Development of a Methodology for Simulating Seat Back Interaction Using Realistic Body Contours

Seat comfort is driven in part by the fit between the sitter and seat. Traditional anthropometric data provide little information about the size and shape of the torso that can be used for backrest design. This study introduces a methodology for using three-dimensional computer models of the human torso based on a statistical analysis of body shapes for conducting automated fit assessments. Surface scan data from 296 men and 417 women in a seated posture were analyzed to create a body shape model that can be adjusted to a range of statures, body shape, and postures spanning those typical of vehicle occupants. Finite-element models of two auto seat surface were created, along with custom software that generates body models and postures them in the seat. A simple simulation technique was developed to rapidly assess the fit of the torso relative to the seat back. The methodology developed in this study will enable automated virtual fitting trails considering a wide range of body sizes and shapes, allowing statistical evaluations of seat fit within a specific sitter population. Further refinement of the method will allow prediction of seat pressure distribution, which may be usefully related to subjective assessment of seat fit.
“A Kotex and a Smile” Mothers and Daughters at Menarche

This article explores the menarche or first-period narratives of 155 young women, focusing on their relationships with their mothers at this time. It finds that maternal scripts are changing as young women of this cohort, most of whom started their periods around the new millennium, recalled supportive mothers who were emotionally engaged with them. Although such support is related to positive experiences of menarche, it is not a guarantee, as substantial numbers of women with warm maternal support recalled negative memories of menarche. Still, this study suggests that emotionally connected mothers are able to mitigate feelings of shame and humiliation associated with the discourses of menstruation in contemporary culture. Finally, although White women and the more affluent are overrepresented among celebratory and emotionally connected mothers, women of color and, to some extent, the less affluent are overrepresented among the helpful, less demonstrative mothers. The latter seem to facilitate the least n...
Low-Temperature Bonding of Copper Pillars for All-Copper Chip-to-Substrate Interconnections

A copper-to-copper bonding process was developed for an all-copper, chip-to-substrate interconnect technology. High aspect ratio polymer molds for electroplating were formed using a photodefinable polymer on both the chip and the substrate surfaces. Copper pillars were fabricated by electroplating metal in the polymer molds. The chip-to-substrate all-copper connections were formed by joining the two pillars with electroless copper plating followed by an anneal process. The copper-to-copper bonding of the high aspect ratio pillars does not require the use of solder or other noncopper metals. Mechanical shear force measurements were used to characterize the bonding process as a function of annealing conditions. Excellent bond strength of the electrolessly joined pillars was achieved with a 250°C anneal, with the bond strength of the copper pillar interconnects exceeding 148 MPa. High aspect ratio pillars can provide mechanical compliance, and the electroless fabrication method compensates for pillar misalignment and nonplanarity of the bonded surfaces.
Let's Hear It for the Zena Princess Warriors

Most teenage girls have very little accurate information about their reproductive systems. Vaginal health in particular seems to be an area where myths and misinformation abound. More than 20 years of adolescent gynecology practice has given me some insight as to the sources teens use for information about vaginal health. Media sources such as TV and magazine ads are extremely influential. The concept of feminine hygiene has been mostly created by those who manufacture and sell feminine hygiene products. They have capitalized on the idea of menstruation as an unclean process an idea promulgated by centuries of cultural practices that isolated women during menstruation and regarded menstrual blood as unclean or even dangerous. Though women in our society are no longer isolated or avoided during their menses many female relatives perpetuate this concept by encouraging their daughters and granddaughters that the vagina needs to be cleaned after sex after the menses or just routinely. Mothers and grandmothers are a very influential source in my experience. In the urban setting in particular many teenage girls have been raised by their grandmothers who are well-intentioned but who often pass on information that is outdated or mythical. Learning how to douche seems to be a rite of passage for many teenage girls and douche products abound. (excerpt)
Increased Stroke Volume in Fetuses with Heart Block

The objective of this paper is to document that the fetal heart has the capacity to increase stroke volume in the face of complete heart block. Measurements of left and right ventricular fractional shortening (an index of ventricular function that correlates with stroke volume) were obtained from three fetuses with complete heart block and no structural defects. Measurements were obtained antepartum and postpartum using M-mode sonography and compared to published measurements from normal fetuses. All three fetuses showed an increase in fractional shortening over normal values. The increase was unequal between ventricles and was maintained postpartum. These three fetuses were able to increase their fractional shortening (stroke volume) in response to persistent bradycardia. This supports the theory that the Frank-Starling mechanism is operational in the fetal heart.
A versatile strategy to the selective synthesis of Cu nanocrystals and the in situ conversion to CuRu nanotubes

Compared with Ag, Au, Pt and Pd, the synthesis of Cu nanocrystals that exhibit well-defined structures and surface properties has achieved limited success. Herein, we report an etching and protecting strategy to prepare Cu nanostructures with controllable shapes, crystalline nature and surface properties. In the developed strategy, the selective use of different additives is critical to the successful synthesis of the Cu nanocrystals: while NH4Cl (or hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC)) functions as an etchant by a Cl−–O2 pair that can selectively remove twinned nuclei and induce the formation of single nanocrystals with a cubic morphology, the addition of RuCl3 (or FeCl3, FeCl2) can protect the multiply twinned seeds from being etched, and leads to the formation of 5-fold twined nanowires. The controlling strategy reported herein is highlighted by its simplicity and versatility. By further increasing the reaction temperature and prolonging the reaction time, bimetallic CuRu nanotubes can be readily prepared. The applications of these well-defined nanostructures and the developed strategy in controlling other metals are currently under investigation.
Use of social media in undergraduate communication classes

Social media are changing the scope of communication in both personal and professional spheres. Like other technologies before it, social media platforms were not created for educational use but some instructors see educational value. Adapting new tools for teaching can be a complex process involving many components. Previous studies have shown some benefits and a few ways in which social media can be incorporated into undergraduate education. Additionally, teaching methods and principles can serve as guidelines for the process. However, neither of those gives the full picture. Therefore, this qualitative study uses in-depth interviews to examine the experiences of instructors who use social media in their teaching practices to uncover more details about the practicality, successes, and challenges of this growing technology. The results indicated that instructors in communications fields who incorporate social media feel the need to teach communication in all forms. Being aware of new platforms, uses, and conventions, in addition to current trends and issues in social media, allowed for discussions about good practices. They felt that social media offered opportunities for collaborative learning that supported their learning objectives. The most common platforms were Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Often the platforms were a vehicle for sharing content and discussions outside of class time. While instructors said there were challenges in adapting social media for classroom use, they felt that it added enough value to their courses to continue.
Living with the Endangered Species Act in Colorado

This paper discusses the use of conservation banks to meet requirements of the Endangered Species Act.
ASEPTIC NECROSIS OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC DISLOCATION OF THE HIP JOINT

1. The case reported is of interest because, despite the relative frequency of traumatic dislocation of the hip with accompanying tear of the round ligament, no report was found in the literature of a similar case of aseptic necrosis and breaking down of a part of the head of the femur as a sequel. The chronic arthritis of the hip appeared to be secondary to the necrosis. The picture is somewhat similar to that sometimes seen in intracapsular fracture of the neck of the femur, with necrosis of the head, in which bony union occurs but the head subsequently breaks down as a result of weight-bearing before bony transformation has taken place. When it becomes evident from roentgenograms that aseptic necrosis in the femoral head from any cause has occurred, weight-bearing should be avoided during the period of repair. A study of the late results of hip dislocation might reveal similar cases. 2. Attempts were made to reproduce the picture in dogs and rabbits by cutting the ligamentum teres and, in some cases, also the vessels in the periosteum of the femoral neck. They were only partially successful. A part of the bone died in some experiments, as shown in Table III, and was transformed; but in no instance was collapse of the head and necrosis of its articular cartilage observed. The divided ligamentum teres showed a distinct tendency to unite in the experimental animals. It appears that the vascular supply of the head of the femur by way of vessels within the femoral neck of these animals was usually sufficient to preserve the vitality of the head. 3. There was no regularity in the process of transformation of the femoral heads following operative circulatory interference. Apparently, the variability of the blood supply to the head of the femur is such that, by interrupting identical portions of it in a series of experimental animals, identical and progressive stages of aseptic necrosis, followed by transformation of the femoral heads, could not be demonstrated. There is a certain individual reaction of each head in a series of similar operative procedures. 4. The ligamentum teres showed a distinct tendency to unite after operative division. 5. No head in the animals with open epiphyseal lines showed changes similar to Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease.
Sclerotial Production, Viability Determination and Quantitative Recovery of Sclerotium Oryzae From Soil

(1972). Sclerotial Production, Viability Determination and Quantitative Recovery of Sclerotium Oryzae From Soil. Mycologia: Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 1333-1337.
On the Converse of Fermat's Theorem

(1936). On the Converse of Fermat's Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 347-354.
Efficiencies of platform clinical trials: A vision of the future

Background:A “platform trial” is a clinical trial with a single master protocol in which multiple treatments are evaluated simultaneously. Adaptive platform designs offer flexible features such as ...
Bifurcation and Control of Differential-Algebraic Biological Model with Time Delay

Considering the economic theory of public fishery,a prey-predator bioeconomic model w ith time delay w as studied. It w as show ed that transcritical bifurcation, singular induced bifurcation and saddle-node bifurcation w ould occur w ith no time delay. Under the condition of zero harvesting,prey and predator w ould be coexisted. With time delay,there existed tw o positive equilibrium points. Hopf bifurcation and small amplitude periodic solutions w ould occur, w hich caused sw itching of stability. The state feedback controller eliminated bifurcation phenomenon. By using Matlab softw are,the effectiveness of mathematical conclusions w ere verified by some numerical simulations.
Abstract A060: Immunoproteasome deficiency is a feature of NSCLC with a mesenchymal phenotype and is associated with restricted antigen presentation and poor outcome in patients

Proteasomes are multi-subunit complexes that degrade intracellular proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The immunoproteasome generates peptides that are particularly suitable for binding onto HLA I molecules, thus facilitating antigen presentation leading to CD8+ T cell responses. Lack of expression or down regulation of the immunoproteasome may contribute to immune evasion through antigen loss. The expression of the immunoproteasome and its impact on antigen presentation in tumors of epithelial origin is not well established. Here, we have investigated the constitutive and induced expression patterns of immunoproteasome subunits in lung cancer and their consequence on antigen presentation. We have also assessed the impact of immunoproteasome expression on prognosis for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Proteomic profiling of the immunoproteasome in 42 NSCLC cell lines revealed significantly reduced expression of immunoproteasome components and their regulators associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We observed highly variable immunoproteasome expression among NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry data revealed loss of immunoproteasome subunit is significantly correlated with loss of E-cadherin and expression of N-cadherin in NSCLC tumors. Loss of immunoproteasome subunits was also significantly associated with advanced stage (p = 0.014), recurrence (p = 0.02) and metastasis (p Citation Format: Satyendra C. Tripathi, Haley L. Peters, Edwin J. Ostrin, Ayumu Taguchi, Hiroyuki Katayama, Hong Wang, Amin Momin, Mohit K. Jolly, Muge Celiktas, Jaime Rodriguez, Carmen Behrens, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Eshel Ben Jacob, Herbert Levine, Jeffrey J. Molldrem, Samir M. Hanash. Immunoproteasome deficiency is a feature of NSCLC with a mesenchymal phenotype and is associated with restricted antigen presentation and poor outcome in patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A060.
Localized laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis: Case report and review of the literature:

Although localized laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis is rare, the otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeon should be familiar with this condition. Its characteristic appearance can suggest its presence in a patient who has the typical initial symptoms. Biopsies during direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy can play both a diagnostic and therapeutic role. After an appropriate examination to rule out systemic involvement, the patient should be managed with conservative surgery, although the use of a CO2 laser might be more efficacious than conventional surgery. With appropriate diagnosis and treatment, patients should expect a favorable prognosis. In this article, we describe a new case of localized laryngotracheobronchial amyloidosis in a 67-year-old woman, and we review the literature on this subject.