cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bostock Beyond Borders

Since taking office, President Joe Biden has acted to swiftly reverse regulatory rollbacks targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in the United States. In his first two weeks, Biden issued an executive order instructing federal agencies to implement the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Bostock v. Clayton County, repealed the transgender military ban, and released a memorandum outlining a series of measures to advance LGBT rights in foreign policy. Yet the logic of Bostock – reading sexual orientation and gender identity into sex discrimination provisions – offers scarce protection in domains where sex discrimination is not yet prohibited. One domain where protections remain uneven is foreign assistance, which is generally excepted from long-standing executive orders prohibiting discrimination by recipients of federal contracts. The United States Agency for International Development, or USAID, administers nearly $20 billion annually, much of it through competitive grantmaking processes. While USAID internally prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, it has only recently begun to prohibit recipients of US funding from discriminating against program beneficiaries, and has not yet addressed employment discrimination by grantees, subgrantees, and project partners who administer USAID-funded programs. In this Essay, I argue that recent executive actions provide a fresh opportunity to rethink the scope and content of antidiscrimination guarantees in US foreign assistance - not only on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, but for a wide range of protected classes. I first canvas the limited protections that currently exist in this field, and explore how these fare in ensuring equal treatment. Second, I consider the legal and normative arguments for strengthening antidiscrimination guarantees in USAID-funded programs, and examine how these guarantees might align with important goals of foreign assistance. Finally, I consider other important objectives that USAID-funded programs seek to achieve, and examine how modifications might be adapted from other areas of antidiscrimination law to advance equality alongside other important goals. As a federal agency administering programs abroad, USAID has considerable leeway to promote equality in its programming, but should do so in a way that is attentive to the unique needs it aims to meet.
A substitution of convolutional layers by FFT layers—A low computational cost version

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become recently a very common application of accurate diagnosis and early detection of liver abnormalities. CNN’s have very promising outputs and showed accurate results comparable to classical detection methods. However, one of their drawbacks is the exponential increase of the computational cost with the increase of the image size. We propose an upgraded neural network (NN) -based approach in which the convolution layers are replaced with Fast Fourier transform (FFT) Layers. Instead of the convolution of each pixel in a large ultrasound image with the kernel where the computational cost is of O(N2), we calculate the FFT of the image and the kernel separately and multiply them in the frequency domain where the computational cost is of O(N log N) and then calculate the inverse Fourier transform of the result. Accordingly, we have replaced the convolution with FFT for the forward and the backward propagation in the NN for the liver steatosis classification from ultrasound images of benign and malignant fatty liver. CNN layers resulted in 89.82% accuracy to classify 550 Ultrasound fatty liver images while our approach resulted in just a 4% reduction in the classification accuracy but with an 83.3% reduction in the computational time.
Simulation des écoulements industriels diphasiques compressibles.

L’ensemble des travaux presentes dans ce document a ete mene dans un cadre de recherche industrielle a EDF R&D, au sein du departement Mecanique des Fluides, Environnement, et Energie (MFEE). Une des activites du departement est de fournir au groupe EDF des outils de simulation indus- triels avances en mecanique des fluides diphasiques. L’objectif de ces outils est de permettre de comprendre, controler et predire les ecoulements eau-vapeur dans les divers organes des centrales nucleaires afin d’augmenter la surete et l’efficacite des centrales. Une attention particuliere a ete portee sur le choix de modeles ayant de bonnes proprietes physiques et associes a des systemes d'equations permettant de realiser la verification des codes produits.
The Sedgwickian Queerness of an Anime Lesbian: Reading Revolutionary Girl Utena

espanolLa serie de anime de Kunihiko Ikuhara Shoujo Kakumei Utena (1997) ofrece una posible respuesta a la pregunta de Eve Sedgwick "How to bring your kids up gay?". Este articulo explora la dimension afectiva que Utena: la chica revolucionaria ofrece a adolescentes queer frente a la sombria realidad heteronormativa. En el texto se lleva a cabo una lectura detallada del septimo episodio, "Juri, la insatisfecha", mediante el analisis de uno de los personajes femeninos queer de la serie que da vida a una lesbiana tragica pero feliz. Paradojica y afortunadamente, este personaje no esta construido como una figura abyecta y, de hecho, llega incluso a convertirse en un lugar de identificacion de las proyecciones y deseos queer. EnglishA tentative response to Eve Sedgwick's timely question "How to bring your kids up gay?" lies at the heart of Kunihiko Ikuhara's anime TV series Shōjo Kakumei Utena (1997). This article explores the affective sustenance that Revolutionary Girl Utenaoffers to some queer children and teens in the face of a somber heteronormative reality. This essay performs a close reading of Episode seven "Unfulfilled Juri", and it focuses on one of the queer feminine formations that the show cultivates, the tragic (joyful) anime lesbian. Paradoxically, and fortunately, the anime lesbian far from being an abject figure, becomes a site for queer identificatory projections and desires.
Modeling the evolving oscillatory dynamics of the rat locus coeruleus through early infancy.

Abstract The mammalian locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem structure that displays extensive interconnections with numerous brain regions, and in particular plays a prominent role in the regulation of sleep and arousal. Postnatal LC development is known to drastically alter sleep–wake switching behavior through early infancy, and, in rats, exerts its most significant influence from about postnatal day 8 to postnatal day 21 (P8–P21). Physiologically, several dramatic changes are seen in LC functionality through this time period. Prior to P8, LC neurons are extensively coupled via electrical gap junctions and chemical synapses, and the entire LC network exhibits synchronized ~0.3 Hz subthreshold oscillations and spiking. From P8 to P21, the network oscillation frequency rises up to ~3 Hz (at P21) while the amplitude of the network oscillation decreases. Beyond P21, synchronized network oscillations vanish and gap junction coupling is sparse or nonexistent. In this work, we develop a large-scale, biophysically realistic model of the rat LC and we use this model to examine the changing physiology of the LC through the pivotal P8–P21 developmental period. We find that progressive gap junction pruning is sufficient to account for all of the physiological changes observed from P8 to P21.
Comparison of decapod communities across an urban-forest land use gradient in Puerto Rican streams

Urbanization influences a range of factors related to stream health, including the hydrologic regime, water quality, and riparian conditions that lead to negative effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, impacts on freshwater decapods from urbanization of tropical streams have not been reported. We hypothesized that changes in decapod communities in watersheds with different levels of urbanization are related to changes in physical stream habitats caused by different land uses and their effects on water discharge. The impacts of land use on the physico-chemical characteristics of streams and freshwater decapod communities were evaluated in three watersheds characterized by low, moderate and high-intensities of urbanization in Puerto Rico. For the low and moderately developed urban watersheds, decapod species richness ranged from 10 to 11 species; the highly urbanized watershed only had 4 species. Macrobrachium faustinum and Xiphocaris elongata were the most ubiquitously species and were found in all watersheds. Multivariable analysis of physical characteristics and densities of the decapod families resulted in one axis that explained 80 % of the total variation among the watersheds and was correlated with stream discharge. The effect of discharge is likely a result of frequent high flows that sustain habitats with high concentrations of dissolved oxygen and low concentrations of pollutants. An increase in physico-chemical parameters were observed from the LUW to the HUW. These results indicate that the decapod communities were most likely influenced by land use and environmental conditions that affected erosional aspects related to water discharge and water quality in the highly impacted watersheds.
Overview of DOE'S programs on aluminum and magnesium for automotive application

The U.S. Department of Energy will present an update and review of its programs in aluminum and magnesium for automotive and heavy-duty vehicle applications. While the main programs focused on vehicle materials are in the Office of Transportation Technologies, contributing efforts will be described in the DOE Office of Industrial Technologies and the DOE Office of Energy Research. The presentation will discuss materials for body/chassis and power train, and will highlight the considerable synergy among the efforts. The bulk of the effort is on castings, sheet, and alloys with a smaller focus on metal matrix composites. Cost reduction and energy savings are the overriding themes of the programs.
Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of a Flexible Substrate

A number of past papers have described experimental techniques for measurement of thermal conductivity of substrates and thin films of technological interest. Nearly all substrates measured in the past are rigid. There is a lack of papers that report measurements on a flexible substrate such as thin plastic. The paper presents an experimental methodology to deposit a thin film microheater device on a plastic substrate. This device, comprising a microheater line and a temperature sensor line is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the plastic substrate using the transient thermal response of the plastic substrate to a heating current. An analytical model describing this thermal response is presented. Thermal conductivity of the plastic substrate is determined by comparison of experimental data with the analytical model. Results described in this paper may aid in development of an understanding of thermal transport in flexible substrates.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
When It's So Hard to Relate: Can the Legal System Mitigate the Trauma of Victim-Offender Relationships?

This article argues that, in the aftermath of violent crime, a relationship that is both negative and involuntary can form between crime victims and offenders. This relationship fetters the victim to the crime and the criminal, rendering it difficult to recover from the transgression. To illustrate how such a relationship may form and what consequences it may have for victims, this article uses the Oklahoma City bombing as a case study, documenting through the use of original interviews an involuntary relationship in which victims' family members and survivors perceived they were tethered to Timothy McVeigh. This perceived relationship with McVeigh aggravated family members' and survivors' emotional and psychological wounds, delaying their healing. The article further argues that this relationship originated in media coverage of McVeigh that portrayed him as defiant, remorseless, and unemotional, and that it was further developed at trial when family members and survivors were profoundly disturbed by McVeigh's conduct. To minimize the harmful effects of victim-offender relationships, this article proposes that victim services workers educate victims about the possibility of such a relationship, help victims cope with media coverage of the defendant, and assist victims in understanding defendants' behavior during trial. Finally, it recommends that opportunities for voluntary victim-offender mediation be made available to help mitigate the negative consequences of these victim-offender ties.
Dosage Forms of Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine can be given intravenously or orally, as a solution or soft gelatin capsule. Because of the drug's poor water solubility, ethoxylated plant fats and ethanol are added to the commercially available dosage forms.
Comparative Analysis of Solar Neutrino Data and SXT X-ray Data

Abstract We compare power spectra derived from the Homestake and GALLEX-GNO solar neutrino experiments with power spectra derived from equatorial SXT data and from high-latitude SXT data and find a remarkable agreement. In the range 10–16 y −1 , the principal peak in the Homestake spectrum is at 12.88 y −1 , whereas the principal peak in the high-latitude SXT spectrum is at 12.86 y −1 ; the principal peak in the GALLEX-GNO spectrum is at 13.59 y −1 , whereas the principal peak in the equatorial SXT spectrum is at 13.55 y −1 . We estimate the correspondence to be significant at the 0.04% level. We speculate on the implications of this result.
Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed miRNA in PLX4720-resistant and parental human thyroid cancer cell lines

Background Investigating BRAF (V600E) inhibitors (BRAFi) as a strategy to treat patients with aggressive thyroid tumors harboring the BRAF (V600E) mutant currently is in progress, and drug resistance is expected to pose a challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in development of resistance to a variety of drugs in different malignancies. Methods miRNA expression profiles in the human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line (8505c) were compared with its PLX4720-resistant counterpart (8505c-R) by the use of Illumina deep sequencing. We conducted a functional annotation and pathway analysis of the putative and experimentally validated target genes of the significantly altered miRNAs. Results We identified 61 known and 2 novel miRNAs whose expression was altered greatly in 8505c-R. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction validated altered expression of 7 selected miRNAs in 8505c-R and BCPAP-R (PLX4720-resistant papillary thyroid cancer cell line). We found 14 and 25 miRNAs whose expression levels changed substantially in 8505c and 8505c-R, respectively, after treatment with BRAFi. The mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathways were among the prominent targets of many of the deregulated miRNAs. Conclusion We have identified a number of miRNAs that could be used as biomarkers of resistance to BRAFi in patients with thyroid cancer. In addition, these miRNAs can be explored as potential therapeutic targets in combination with BRAFi to overcome resistance.
A Descriptive Methodology of Color Bias in Puerto Rico: Manifestations of Discrimination in the New Millennium

The perception of discrimination in psychology is dominated by racial criteria. Among Puerto Ricans, such domination obscures discrimination on the basis of skin color. After questioning students in Puerto Rico, via descriptive methods, it was determined that dark skin is perceived as less than ideal among the population tested. This color bias is not accessible under the guise of race. As a relevant aspect of the entire Western cultural milieu, psychology must expand current concepts of discrimination to encompass color bias, as it will prevail in the future. The aftermath will enable a more comprehensive understanding of discrimination in the new millennium.
Cartographic Education in the United States and Canada

The profession of cartography has changed considerably over the past several decades. These changes should be reflected in teaching practise at academic institutions. Focusing on undergraduate academic cartographic in the United States and Canada, this paper examines several major components of the undergraduate curriculum. Instructors and curriculum variables are analyzed, including graduate training of instructors in cartography, enrollment and course offerings at academic institutions, textbook use, and the use of computers in introductory cartography courses.
Core level spectroscopy of oxidized and reduced CexU1−xO2 materials

Abstract A series of CexU1−xO2 has been studied by core level spectroscopy, where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.95, and 1. These materials have shown potential for thermal generation of hydrogen from water with better activity than CeO2 alone. In addition, Ce0.5U0.5O2 was also studied by in situ XRD as a function of temperature (from 300 to 973 K). The fresh material had the fluorite structure with crystallite size of about 15 nm. The lattice spacing is typical of complete miscibility of Ce and U cations in the fluorite structure. Phase segregation, of the uranium oxide, when the temperature was raised to 500 K and above was seen for the fresh material. The phase segregated uranium oxide is tentatively attributed to α-U3O8 (although it can be attributed to the hexagonalα − phase or the orthorhombic phase of U2O5). The used Ce0.5U0.5O2, composed of larger crystallite size (about 60 nm), was more stable with negligible phase segregation. Study of the XPS U4f regions indicated the presence of three types of U cations (U6+, U5+, and U4+). U6+ cations are mainly present in the fresh material with high % independent of U concentration (XPS U4f7/2 binding energy at 381.1 eV and associated pairs of satellites at 4.5 and 10.0 eV above each split). Upon sputtering with Ar ions, a large fraction of these U6+ cations are reduced to U5+(XPS U4f7/2 binding energy at 380.4 eV and satellite at 8.2 eV above each split line) then to U4+ cations (XPS U4f7/2 at 379.9 eV and its typical satellite at 6.9 eV above). After five minutes Ar ion sputtering the CexU1−xO2 materials were mainly composed of U4+ cations. On the other hand, XPS Ce3d lines indicated the presence of some contribution of Ce3+ cation in addition to lines characteristic of Ce4+ cations in the as prepared materials. Upon reduction considerable amount of Ce4+ is reduced to Ce3+ (up to 75%) in the mixed oxides while CeO2 alone showed very mild reduction. This is interpreted as due to charge transfer from the U cations further reducing Ce4+ cations. Valence band analyses corroborated the core level results with the reduced U containing mixed oxide showing large contribution of U5f/Ce4f lines while CeO2 alone has small Ce4f contribution even upon Ar ion sputtering.
Molecular cloning of MER-2, a human chromosome-11-encoded red blood cell antigen, using linkage of cotransfected markers.

We report the molecular cloning of a human gene MER-2located on chromosome 11 that encodes a cell surface antigen which is polymorphic on red blood cells. An essential element of the cloning strategy was cotransfection-induced linkage of pSV2-neo, which encodes resistance to the antibiotic G418, to the human MER-2gene. An important feature of the pSV2-neo construct is that the same gene (the transposon, Tn5) that encodes G418 resistance in eukaryotic cells confers neomycin resistance in bacteria. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were cotransfected with pSV2-neo and genomic DNA from a CHO ×human cell hybrid containing a single human chromosome (chromosome 11). Transfectants expressing both the human MER-2gene and G418 resistance were isolated by selection in the antibiotic G418, followed by indirect immunofluorescence using the monoclonal antibody 1D12, which recognizes the MER-2 antigen, manual enrichment, and single-cell cloning. Genomic DNA from a primary transfectant positive for MER-2expression and G418 resistance was used to construct a cosmid library and cosmid clones able to grow in neomycin were isolated. Of 150,000 cosmid clones screened, 90 were resistant to neomycin and of these, 11 contained human repetitive sequences. Five neomycin-resistant cosmid clones containing human repetitive DNA were able to transfect CHO cells for G418 resistance and MER-2expression.
Effects of Food on the Most Commonly Used Medications in School-Age Children

Children who consume a nutrient-dense, energy appropriate breakfast have shown health benefits as a result of such actions. Certain medications that children take may be affected by food consumption at breakfast or during other times of the day. A brief review of the dietary considerations that should be addressed for medications used to treat the most common acute and chronic illnesses in school-aged children is presented in this review. This information can help mitigate confusion that often surrounds drug-food interactions and can support optimal drug therapy outcomes. Working to coordinate the nutritional requirements of certain medications is a model for interprofessional care and can lead to optimal health for our children and adolescents.
A Commentary on the Use of Rational Oral Electrolyte Therapy

The following dissertation is derived partially from the literature, is partially a personal memoir, and contains a speculation. I try to answer the question of why oral glucoseelectrolyte therapy was so long delayed as a part of the therapeutic armamentarium and why the present formulation of rehydration solutions has taken so long to gain acceptance in the United States. The story begins 268 years ago.
Clean double-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by CVD

Abstract High quality double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) were synthesized by decomposition of methane over cobalt (Co) nanoparticles supported on porous MgO nanoparticles. The growth was significantly influenced by catalyst concentration and MgO type. Catalysts with 2.5–5 wt% Co loaded MgO (pore size: ∼4 nm) efficiently grow DWNTs with diameters of 2–4 nm, high graphitization, clean surfaces, and clean inside channels. The preliminary separation of DWNTs from MgO, Co and other carbonaceous nanoparticles has been carried out. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the chemical composition of the materials before and after purification.
Internal Tide Radiation from Mendocino Escarpment

Abstract Strong semidiurnal internal tides are observed near Mendocino Escarpment in full-depth profile time series of velocity, temperature, and salinity. Velocity and density profiles are combined to estimate the internal tide energy flux. Divergence of this flux demonstrates that its source is the barotropic tide interacting with the escarpment. A baroclinic energy flux of 7 kW m−1 radiates from the escarpment, corresponding to 3% of the 220 kW m−1 fluxing poleward in the surface tide. Energy and energy flux are concentrated in packets that emanate from the flanks of the ridge surmounting the escarpment and one site ∼90 km north of the escarpment. Coherent beamlike structure along semidiurnal ray paths remains identifiable until the first surface reflection. Beyond the first surface reflection north of the escarpment, the energy flux drops by 2 kW m−1 and beams are no longer discernible. Turbulence, as inferred from finescale parameterizations, is elevated by over two orders of magnitude relative to th...
Revealing Rather Than Concealing Disability: The Rhetoric of Parkinson's Advocate Michael J. Fox

Given societal prescriptions to conceal disability, when Michael J. Fox, seeking increased funding for Parkinson's research, addressed members of Congress in 1999 without having taken his own Parkinson's medication beforehand, his display of disability was, in his own words, “startling.” Through revealing his disability, Fox constructs a complex ethos bound up in the intersection of the body, text, and social practices. As a result, through risking the reinscription of traditional and limiting responses to disability, Fox confounds such responses, demanding that both audiences and rhetoricians rethink the relationship between disability and rhetorical practice.
The Use of Communication Strategies in Computer-Mediated Communication

Abstract This within-groups study examines communication strategy use among adult learners of English in a computer-mediated environment. Specifically, communication strategies employed during problem-free discourse as well as compensatory strategy use during task-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) were explored. This strategy use was also examined relative to communicative task type (jigsaw and decision-making). The data suggest that learners use a wide array of communication strategies during task-based CMC and that the CMC environment shapes this use. Learners also employed various compensatory strategies while navigating the tasks. However, though there is modest evidence that task type influences compensatory strategy use, these strategies were found to be equally effective in terms of subsequent acquisition of target lexical items embedded in the tasks.
SHORT COMMUNICATIONAn Adaptable System for Timed Aseptic Sampling and Storage of Microbial Cultures

1 Equipment is described which permits aseptic sampling of microbial cultures and the subsequent controlled temperature storage of these samples. 2 The system is fully automated, has a flexible sampling programme (10 min—2 days’interval between samples) and a capacity of up to 300 × 15 ml samples. 3 It is inexpensive to construct and sufficiently flexible to permit direct integration with standard monitoring and/or automated analytical systems.
Reflections on Jim Starnes' Technical Contributions

For my generation of aerospace researchers NASA has played a crucial role in translating industry needs to research problems, orchestrating research progress in government laboratories, universities and industry, and helping transition that research to applications. Jim Starnes has played this role better than any other NASA researcher I know, greatly advancing in the process our understanding of how composite materials should be best utilized for aerospace applications. This paper provides a view from a close university research collaborator on how he accomplished this remarkable feat. In particular it focuses on his vision that reducing the uncertainty in predicting failure of composite structures is key to more efficient utilization of such structures.
Fluoro analogs of WAY-100635 with varying pharmacokinetics properties.

Radiolabeled derivatives of WAY-100635 have been shown to be important for imaging in vivo because of their antagonist properties and their specificity for the 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptor. Our goal is to prepare a series of radiofluorinated derivatives of WAY-100635 that, in the rat, range in pharmacokinetic properties from nearly irreversible to reversible in their behavior. It appears that derivatives containing a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (e.g., FCWAY) with its high affinity and high target to nontarget contrast, has properties suited to measure receptor concentration. Derivatives based on phenylcarboxamide (e.g., FBWAY and MeFBAWAY) have properties more suited to the measurement of changes in endogenous serotonin. The compound containing the pyrimidine moiety in place of the pyridine moeity in FBWAY (FBWAY 1,3N) appears to have intermediate properties.
Micro-mechanical modelling of mode III fatigue crack growth in rotor steels

A study has been made of fatigue crack propagation in mode III (anti-plane shear) for A469 and A470 commercial rotor steels (tensile strength 621 and 764 MN/m2 respectively) using torsionally-loaded circumferentially-notched cylindrical specimens. For crack growth under both small-and large-scale yielding conditions, radial mode III crack propagation rates are observed to be similar in both steels and to be uniquely related to the plastic intensity range 163-1 per cycle, provided friction, abrasion and interlocking between sliding crack faces is minimized by the application of a small tensile mean load. Over the range studied (i.e., ≈10-6 to 10-1 mm/cycle), mode III growth rates (dc/dN)III are found to be independent of load ratio (for R=−1.0 and −0.5) and to be a power law function of 163-1 or the mode III cyclic crack tip displacement. When compared to mode I crack growth at equivalent cyclic crack tip displacements, however, crack propagation rates in mode III are seen to be two orders of magnitude smaller than in mode I. Based on fractographic evidence of elongated voids, parallel to the crack front, at the tip of the fatigue crack, several models for mode III crack growth are proposed utilizing the concept that mode III crack advance occurs by the initiation and coalescence of voids formed at inclusions directly ahead of the crack tip. By considering the linkage of these voids to take place by mode II shear parallel to the main crack front, expressions for the mode III crack propagation rate are developed based either on considerations of the local mode II crack tip displacementsor the mode II accumulated crack tip strain (computed from the Coffin-Manson damage relationship). Whereas both types of models predict mode III growth rates to be a small fraction of the cyclic crack tip displacements per cycle, the damage accumulation model in particular is found to provide excellent agreement with experimentally measured growth rates in the present rotor steels.
Application of design and control tools in a multirobot cell

This paper describes how the theory of automated manufacturing cell and industrial robotics has been applied to the design and operation of a multirobot cell. The manufacturing cell is installed at Purdue University and consists of a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), two industrial robots, two machine stations (for grinding and washing), and a conveyor. The design and control issues of the implemented manufacturing cell include the design of control architecture, synchronous and asynchronous sequence controls, deadlock prevention by Petri-net analysis, off-line operation plan by robot time-and-motion study, and error recovery. The application of the theoretical tools in this cell has proven effective in achieving the efficiency and reliability advantages of multirobotic operations.
Efficient Collection of 221Fr into a Vapor Cell Magneto-optical Trap

We have efficiently loaded a vapor cell magneto-optical trap from an orthotropic source of ${}^{221}\mathrm{Fr}$ with a trapping efficiency of 56(10)%. A novel detection scheme allowed us to measure 900 trapped atoms with a signal to noise ratio of $\ensuremath{\sim}60$ in 1 sec. We have measured the energies and the hyperfine constants of the $^{2}7P_{1/2}$ and $^{2}7P_{3/2}$ states.
Investigation of the Preservation of the Fluid Seal Effect in the Repaired, Partially Resected, and Reconstructed Acetabular Labrum in a Cadaveric Hip Model

Background:Debate exists on whether hip labral tears should be surgically repaired, partially resected, or reconstructed. Furthermore, limited data exist regarding the fluid seal properties of hip labrum repair and/or reconstruction with iliotibial band autograft when compared with the labrum-intact condition.Hypothesis/Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluid seal properties of hip labral repair and reconstruction techniques. We hypothesized that hip labral repair preserves the acetabular labral fluid seal greater than labral tear, partial-resection, and reconstruction conditions.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Six human cadaveric hemipelvises were dissected of all soft tissue, leaving the hip capsule intact. Fluid efflux was measured under 5 conditions using a custom fluid infusion device: (1) hip labrum intact, (2) labral tear, (3) labral repair with suture anchors, (4) partial labral resection, and (5) labral reconstruction using ipsilateral iliotibial band autog...
Dynamic UAV path planning for multitarget tracking

We design a path-planning algorithm to guide unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for tracking multiple ground targets based on the theory of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). We demonstrate the power and flexibility of the POMDP framework by showing that a variety of features of interest are easy to incorporate into the framework by plugging in the appropriate models. Specifically, in this paper we show how to incorporate the following features by appropriately formulating the POMDP action space, transition law, and objective function: 1) control UAVs with both forward acceleration and bank angle subject to constraints; 2) account for the effect of wind disturbance on UAVs; and 3) mitigate track swaps.
Crystal structure of ACE19, the collagen binding subdomain of Enterococus faecalis surface protein ACE

Enterococus faecalis is an extracellular pathogen known to cause many clinical infections, such as septicemia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections.1 The bacterial pathogenesis is a complex process at the molecular level and the bacterial adherence to extracellular matrix components like collagen, fibrinogen, and fibronectin is a prerequisite for pathogenesis. Gram-positive bacteria are endowed with adhesive proteins termed as MSCRAMMs (Microbial Surface Component Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules), located on the surface of the microbe to mediate such attachment. Characterization of several MSCRAMMs from various bacterial species revealed that they are structurally similar.2 In general, they contain an N-terminal signal peptide followed by (i) a ligand binding A region that is composed of two or more subdomains, each adopting a novel immunoglobulin-like (DEv-IgG) fold3; (ii) a B region that is made up of short repeat sequences; and (iii) the C-terminal end that contains the cell wall anchoring LPXTG motif, a hydrophobic transmembrane region (M), and a positively charged cytoplasmic tail (c), features that are essential for sorting these proteins to the cell wall.2 ACE is a collagen binding MSCRAMM of E. faecalis.4,5 The structural characteristics of ACE are similar to that of collagen binding protein CNA of Staphylococcus aureus [Fig. 1(A)], which has been studied in significant detail both in structural and biochemical aspects.6–10 The 55kDa ligand binding A region of CNA (termed CNA55) contains three subdomains namely N1, N2, and N3 and the minimum collagen binding region was localized to a 19-kDa N2 subdomain (termed CNA19) and its crystal structure was solved earlier in our laboratory.8 Recently, we determined the crystal structure of N1N2 subdomain of CNA (termed CNA35) both as an apo-protein and in complex with a synthetic collagen triple helix peptide. On the basis of these two crystal structures, we proposed a ‘‘Collagen Hug’’ binding mechanism for the association of CNA with collagen.11 The crystal structure of CNA35collagen complex revealed that collagen-like triple helical peptide mainly interacts with residues present in the ‘‘trench’’ region of the N2 domain, however, N1 domain also contributes critical residues for the stabilization of complex by sequestering critical regions of the ligand, explaining the 10-fold higher ligand binding affinity of CNA35 (N1 and N2) compared with CNA19. The 40-kDa A-region of ACE (termed ACE40) was predicted to have two subdomains namely N1 and N2. CNA55 and ACE40 share significant sequence similarity and particularly the minimum ligand binding region of CNA (CNA19) exhibits high degree of similarity (about 95%) with the corresponding region of ACE40 (i.e. ACE19). Previous modeling and spectroscopic studies predicted that the backbone folding of ACE19 is highly
Fluid flow and heat transfer in a cylindrical model hydrothermal reactor

Achieving better thermal environment for the growth of high quality single crystals has been the focus of numerous investigations. However, a literature review reveals that the topics of research dealt either with turbulent flow in industry size cylindrical hydrothermal autoclaves, or laminar flows in rectangular enclosures. This paper attempts to add new insight to the above-mentioned state of the art. The flow and heat transfer in a lower-half heated, upper-half cooled cylindrical model hydrothermal reactor are studied experimentally and numerically. Results show that for the parameters chosen, the flow in the model reactor is transient. The unsteady jet-like flow in each of the chambers originates from the fluid exchange at the baffle opening. The time-averaged temperature and flow profiles appear to be axially symmetric. The temperature and velocity fluctuations in the near-baffle region are significantly larger than in the rest of the chambers. The total heat flow rate is instrumental on the thermal environment in the upper chamber, while the heating conditions on the lower chamber wall have only minor effects.
Memory Storage as a Function of Arousal and Time with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Lists

Summary This study is one of a series designed to test a general theory of perseverative consolidation. The theory states the expectations that consolidation will be accompanied by a negative bias against repetition during its course and that an increase in arousal will produce an increase in the negative bias against repetition as well as an increase in the ultimate capacity to recall. Seventy-two Ss were divided into 9 groups. Learning consisted of one trial with a list composed of 8 stimulus words and single digit numbers as response items. Three groups learned a high-arousal list, 3 groups a low-arousal list, and 3 learned a mixed list. Within each list type, one group recalled the list at 2 min. after learning, one group at 45 min., and one group at 1 week. The low-arousal list showed high immediate recall which decreased with time. The higharousal list showed some rise in recall with time. Other analyses agreed with the results of Kleinsmith and Kaplan (1963b) showing high immediate and low ultimate recall for items learned under low arousal, and low immediate recall and high ultimate recall for items learned under high arousal. Analyses are presented to account for the strong recency effect in the serial position curve for 2-min. recall in terms of short-term memory, and to account for the strong primacy effect in the one week recall serial position curve on the basis of arousal by serial position.
Levels of organization in descriptive passages: Production, comprehension, and recall

Abstract Thirty descriptive passages generated by adults from prompt word outlines that defined familiar topics (e.g., A Farm, A Park) were used to develop a 7-point scale of increasing organization in descriptive passages. The levels of organization reflected in the scale ranged from a random assortment of facts, to the use of explicit topic headings for groups of related facts, to the use of themes and related devices for interrelating sets of topical information. The scale was validated by (a) scalogram analysis, (b) measurement of scorability in a new set of passages, (c) analyzing relationships between levels of organization and recall in adults, and (d) applying the scale to assess developmental differences in the use of organization in prose production. In addition, developmental data were collected on the relationships between levels of organization and recall in subjects who generated their own passages and in subjects who listened to passages generated by others. Recall was correlated with organization in both generate and listen conditions in adults. Recall was only correlated with organization in the generate condition in sixth graders, and was not correlated with recall in either condition in third graders. Both the validation data and the developmental data are discussed in relation to the development of descriptive schemes and the importance of an explicit macrostructure for both the comprehension and production of descriptive passages.
Contact potential difference study of the growth of palladium on 〈111〉 fibre-textured aluminum thin films

Abstract The room temperature growth of palladium on 〈111〉 fibre-textured aluminum thin films has been studied by the contact potential difference (CPD) method. As the Pd film thickens, there is an initial decrease in the CPD which reaches a minimum at approximately 0.25 monolayers of Pd added. From this point, the CPD increases almost linearly to the 4 to 5 monolayer range where an inflection in the curve occurs. Added Pd increases the CPD further until a leveling off begins around 7 to 8 monolayers. The saturation value is 1.38 eV. This value matches the bulk work function difference between the (111) Pd and Al surfaces. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns confirmed the 〈111〉 fibre texture of the bilayers and indicated that the bulk palladium lattice parameter had been attained. These results support recent ion scattering and photoemission spectroscopic results for thin palladium films on aluminum.
Why do DNA testing ? Practical and ethical implications of new neurogenetic tests

Direct DNA tests for mutations in neurogenetic disorders are establishing a new era in diagnostic neurology. These highly accurate and specific tests will greatly improve diagnosis and genetic counseling, lead to more accurate assessment of prognosis, and reduce the cost of diagnostic evaluations. However, the use and interpretation of the tests can be complicated, and there are numerous social, psychological, and ethical implications of the testing that need to be recognized and anticipated. To provide the best care for our patients, neurologists need to understand the benefits and risks of this testing and properly apply it in the context of each individual clinical situation.
War, Stasis, and Greek Political Thought

In an influential essay, Arnaldo Momigliano has identified an extremely important but perhaps little remarked oddity of ancient Greek historical writing and political thought.
A randomized trial of the effectiveness of topical "ABH Gel" (Ativan(®), Benadryl(®), Haldol(®)) vs. placebo in cancer patients with nausea.

Abstract Context The topical gel known as "ABH gel," comprising lorazepam (Ativan®), diphenhydramine (Benadryl®), and haloperidol (Haldol®), is frequently used to treat nausea because of its perceived efficacy, relatively low cost, and ease of use in the home setting. There are limited scientific data on this medication, however. Recent pilot studies showed no absorption of the active ingredients of the gel, prompting further prospective studies into the cause of the perceived efficacy in the clinical setting. Objectives To determine any difference in the effectiveness of ABH gel compared with placebo in cancer patients with nausea. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, noninferiority clinical trial was developed to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the effectiveness of ABH gel compared with placebo in cancer patients with nausea. The primary outcome was the difference in nausea score (on a 0–10 scale) at baseline and at 60 minutes in each treatment group. The difference in the ABH gel-treated group compared with placebo was evaluated for noninferiority. Secondary outcomes included the number of vomiting episodes and side effects over time. Results The mean change in nausea score from baseline to 60 minutes after treatment in the ABH gel group was 1.7 ± 2.05 and 0.9 ± 2.45 for the placebo group (P = 0.42). The placebo group was found to be noninferior to the ABH gel group in reducing the nausea score. ABH gel also did not decrease vomiting events better than placebo (P = 0.34). Only one patient reported any side effects from the treatments in either arm of the study. Conclusion ABH gel in its current formulation should not be used in cancer patients experiencing nausea.
Evidence-based management of critically ill patients: analysis and implementation.

A number of important clinical trials focusing on critically ill patients have been completed in the last few years. These trials have been among the first critical care clinical trials to demonstrate mortality reduction in the critically ill. As in any adaptation of evidence-based medicine, it is essential to closely examine the trials and to determine whether the demonstrated benefits can be translated to the individual patient. In addition to the primary outcome, usually survival benefit, it is also important to examine cost-effectiveness. All of the trials examined in this review were able to demonstrate mortality reduction. Most focused on patients with severe sepsis, because this population has been associated with both frequent mortality and increased hospital costs. Some of the interventions, such as small tidal volume mechanical ventilation in patients with acute lung injury or the administration of low-dose corticosteroids for patients with septic shock, are cost-effective and relatively simple to implement. Others, such as use of activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis or “tight” glycemic control in patients with hyperglycemia, require either significant pharmaceutical expenditure or, possibly, additional health care personnel. Nevertheless, the trials discussed represent significant advances in the field of critical care medicine and should at least be considered for implementation in all intensive care units. (Anesth Analg 2004;99:566 –72)
Syntheses and characterization of the actinide manganese selenides ThMnSe3 and UMnSe3

Abstract The An MnSe 3 ( An =Th, U) compounds were synthesized from high-temperature solid-state reactions of the constituent elements at 1223 and 1273 K, respectively. Both compounds are isostructural with UFeS 3 and crystallize in the space group Cmcm of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell. Cell constants (A) at 153 K are: ThMnSe 3 , 4.0304(4), 12.795(1), 9.2883(9); UMnSe 3 , 3.931(5), 12.705(14), 9.148(10). The structure comprises layers of MnSe 6 octahedra that alternate with layers of An Se 8 bicapped trigonal prisms along the b -axis. Because there are no Se–Se bonds in the structure of An MnSe 3 the formal oxidation states of An /Mn/Se are 4+/2+/2−. UMnSe 3 is a ferromagnet with T C =62 K.
Life history and population dynamics of Heteroplectron americanum

The generation time for most individuals of a Heteroplectron americanum population in a Delaware coastal plain stream is one yr. Full-grown male and female larvae attain a mean dry weight of 6.5 and 16.1 mg, respectively, by mid-Apr. Pupation period is ca. 21 days and adults emerge and oviposit from mid-May to mid-June. Gelatinous egg masses were found on submerged branches and logs or attached to tree roots and mosses on the stream bank both above and below the water line. Laboratory studies indicate that fluctuations of water levels after oviposition may cause embryonic mortality due to desiccation and in some years delay the escape of larvae from egg masses isolated on stream banks. First-instar larvae appear in June and most larvae attain the final instar by Dec. A one-yr generation time was confirmed by following the growth of larvae that hatched from egg masses introduced into a stream void of this species.
High frequency spectral components in distribution voltages and currents due to photovoltaic resources

A project on high penetration of solar photovoltaic resources in a power distribution system is described. The pho- tovoltaic resources energize pulse width modulated inverters to interface with the 60 Hz distribution system. The inverter cur- rents have high frequency components (these are not 'harmon- ics', but they are artifacts of the pulse width modulation and generally they are in the 2.0 kHz range and higher). Residential (i.e., 'roof top') PV resources are generally relegated to the 5 kW range or less, while 'utility scale' PV in the range of 400 kW or more has been used. Modeling of the distribution feeder appro- priate for high frequency studies is discussed and simulation results from high frequency power flow are presented. The dis- tribution system is an actual system in the Western United States, and instrumented measurements are available.
DERIVATIZATION OF AMINO ACIDS FOR ENHANCED ION YIELD IN LASER DESORPTION/POST-IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY

Derivatization of Amino Acids for Enhanced IonYield in Laser Desorption/ Post-ionization Mass Spectrometry.