cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1. 4-mm and 3. 4-mm Observations of the Lunar Eclipse on 18 October 1967

Abstract Radiometric measurements of selected lunar areas are reported for the lunar eclipse of 18 October 1967. Observations were made simultaneously at 1.4- and 3.4-mm wavelenght on a common large-aperture antenna forming independent half-power antenna beamwidths of 1.78 and 3.3 arc min, respectively. Within the precision of the measurement, as limited by atmospheric variations and radiometer noise, there is no statistically significant difference between the cooling rates of any two lunar areas measured at 1.4 mm. Similarly, there is no statistically significant difference between the cooling rates of any two lunar areas measured at 3.4-mm. Temperature changes and cooling rates observed at 3.4 mm are in fair agreement with those measured on the same areas observed at 3.2-mm during the 30 December 1963 lunar eclipse. The lunar areas measured during both eclipse events are Copernicus, Mare Serenitatis, and a mountainous region.
Transport of the large-neutral amino acids by the γ-glutamyl cycle: A proposal

Abstract The γ-glutamyl cycle has been proposed by Meister (1973) as one possible mechanism for the mediation of amino acid transport. The high energy requirement of the pathway, the very low specificity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and the inability to account for trans membrane stimulation of amino acid entry are but three criticisms of this hypothesis. It is proposed that the various objections can be overcome by postulating that the soluble form of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase transfers the γ-glutamyl moiety from gluthathione to glutamine (in the case of brain) and that the membrane sequestered form of this enzyme catalyzes the exchange of the γ-glutamyl group between γ-glutamyl glutamine and an entering neutral amino acid. The released glutamine leaves the cell. The γ-glutamyl amino acid then passes into the cytoplasm where it is acted upon by either γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase or the soluble γ-glutamyl transpeptidase which transfers the γ-glutamyl group to another molecule of glutamine. It is postulated that access to the membrane-bound enzyme is dependent on the relative lipophilia of the entering large-neutral amino acids. The available data support this mechanism. By regeneration of γ-glutamyl glutamine, a low expenditure of energy is required for the transport process. Specificity of transpeptidation is attained by the constraints of access to the membrane bound enzyme site.
Specific heat of YBa2Cu3O7: Origin of the "linear" term and volume fraction of superconductivity.

Correlations of the coefficient of the "linear" term in the specific heat, $\ensuremath{\gamma}(0)$, and the discontinuity at ${T}_{c}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}C({T}_{c})$, with a measured concentration of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ magnetic moments suggest the operation of a pairbreaking mechanism that limits the transition to the superconducting state and produces a contribution to $\ensuremath{\gamma}(0)$. There is no evidence for the existence of an intrinsic contribution to $\ensuremath{\gamma}(0)$. The value of $\ensuremath{\Delta}C({T}_{c})$ for a sample provides a measure of the volume fraction of superconductivity and a basis for correcting measured values of parameters to those characteristic of the fully superconducting state. Estimates of several quantities relevant to the strength of coupling are given.
Optical coherence tomography for upper gastrointestinal tract diagnosis

A high speed, power-efficient, catheter-based optical coherence tomography system has been used to image the esophagus and stomach in over 90 patients and can differentiate normal tissue from Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Uses for Twitter across disciplines and throughout the scientific process

Uses for Twitter Across Disciplines and Throughout the Scientific Process Lisa M. Federer, UCLA Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, University of California­Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; lmfederer@library.ucla.edu
Photonic network-on-chip architecture using 3D integration

We introduce a multi-layer silicon photonic microring resonator filter, fabricated using deposited materials, and transmit up to 12.5-Gb/s error-free data, establishing a novel class of high-performance silicon photonics for advanced photonic NoCs. Furthermore, by leveraging deposited materials, we propose a novel fully-integrated scalable photonic switch architecture for data center networks, sustaining nonblocking 256×256 port size with nanosecond-scale switching times, interconnecting 2,560 server racks with 51.2-Tb/s bisection bandwidth.
CT and CT‐Perfusion Findings of Reversible Leukoencephalopathy During Triple‐H Therapy for Symptomatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage‐Related Vasospasm

Background: Reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RLS) is an acute neurological syndrome associated with altered mental status and visual disturbances described in patients with sudden elevations in systemic blood pressure and other medical conditions. In this process, neuroimaging studies usually demonstrate diffuse edema involving the subcortical structures of the posterior regions of the brain. Triple H (HHH) therapy is an established treatment for symptomatic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). RLS has not been reported in the scientific literature as a complication of HHH therapy with perfusion computed tomography (CTP) imaging documentation. Case: A 73-year-old woman developed iatrogenic RLS during HHH therapy for SAH-related vasospasm. The computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral parieto-occipital hypodensities. The CTP study showed increased cerebral blood volume and blood flow as well as decreased mean transit time in both parietal-occipital regions, which is compatible with vasogenic edema. Conclusion: The induction of hypertension as part of HHH therapy for SAH-related cerebral vasospasm may result in RLS. Therefore, it should be considered as a potentially reversible cause in the differential diagnosis of neurological deterioration in SAH patients while on HHH therapy. CTP study can offer an alternative for the assessment of this cerebrovascular syndrome.
Response to Letter by Py and André

Response: We thank Drs Py and Andre for their interest in our meta-analysis.1 One of our primary objectives was to determine whether noninvasive magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) could potentially replace the invasive and costly gold-standard, digital subtraction angiography, for the detection of stenoses of the internal carotid arteries. Our results showed high sensitivities and specificities for both time-of-flight and contrast-enhanced MRA in the detection of high-grade stenoses, usually defined as 70% to 99% narrowing. The data presented …
Ethics, national sovereignty and the control of immigration.

"This paper examines the debate as to whether migration is a basic human right or if the claims of outsiders are superseded by the principle of national sovereignty--the moral obligation of states to do the best for their own citizens. In evaluating migration and refugees it focuses on issues of open borders, migration selectivity, the capacity of sovereign states to control entry, the claims of refugees, the relationship between sovereignty and justifiable intervention, and the role of public opinion and morals throughout migration policies."
Aromatase activity in human adipose tissue stromal cells; the effect of fetal bovine serum fractions on dexamethasone-stimulated aromatization.

Abstract Aromatization in human adipose stromal cells is stimulated by dexamethasone, but only in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). To determine whether there was a specific fraction of FBS responsible for this stimulation, FBS was fractionated either by a pressure-driven ultrafiltration membrane or by Sephadex gel filtration techniques. The stimulating factor(s) appeared to be in the FBS fraction of 150,000–300,000 M W by Sephadex filtration Conversely, FBS fractions with W as separated by the former method inhibited the dexamethasone-stimulated aromatization of cultured adipose stromal cells. Bovine serum albumin, which constituted the major portion of FBS, had no discernible effect on the dexamethasone action on the aromatization of these cells.
Retaliatory discourse: the politics of attack and withdrawal

Long-term and recent sociopolitical trends in the USA pull for narcissistic ways of fashioning the self and relating to others. Discourses that sustain a split between capacities for autonomy and capacities for attachment, and discourses that sustain a split between individuals and their social surround elicit omnipotent and/or submissive modes of narcissistic relating. An increasingly vulnerable and socially abandoned population, conditioned to be ashamed of its vulnerabilities and dependency, finds itself subject to discourses that pull for various splits between “us” and “them.” This situation is a breeding ground for a politics of attack, or a politics of hostile withdrawal, or both. Neoconservatism fosters a politics of attack, and liberalism fosters a politics of withdrawal. Drawing on the psychoanalytic concept of “thirdness,” the paper concludes that only discourses and institutions that foster interdependence, containment of vulnerability, and the bringing together of relational and autonomous capacities can counter retaliatory politics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concentrations of organic acids in animal tissues.

Les auteurs ont reuni en 2 tableaux les donnees de la litterature sur le degre de concentration des acides organiques dans les tissus animaux.
The effects of tunicamycin on the synthesis and export of fat body proteins and glycoproteins in larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (L.)

Treatment of fat body from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), with tunicamycin in vitro caused complex alterations in protein synthesis. These included a 50% inhibition of protein synthesis and a greater than 90% inhibition of both protein release and glycoproteins biosyntheis. The inhibition of glycoprotein biosynthesis can be accounted for by the well-documented effects of tunicamycin on GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl dolichol synthesis, while the two additional effects are likely to have a complex basis. Synthesis and export of the four storage proteins was also studied in fat body treated with tunicamycin. Exposure to antibiotic for short periods of time (2.5 hr) resulted in the sysnthesis of lower mol. wt variants of at least two of these polypeptides in treated cultures, both of which normally contain carbohydrate. Treated fat body released only putative fully-glycosylated forms of the storage proteins which suggests that the attachment of carbohydrate is in one way necessary for their secretion. Newly synthesized storage proteins were not detected in fat body treated with tunicamycin for longer time periods (approx. 7 hr), which indicates carbohydrate may also increase the intracellular half life of this class of proteins.
Sustained hypoxia-ischemia results in reactive nitrogen and oxygen species production and injury in the premature fetal rabbit brain

Free radical-mediated injury is implicated in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy observed in neonates. We investigated in utero free radical production and injury following hypoxia-ischemia to premature fetal brain utilizing a rabbit model of acute placental insufficiency. Pregnant rabbits at 29 days gestation were randomized to uterine ischemia for 50 minutes (min) (hypoxia) or nonischemic controls. Fetal brains were obtained immediately after ischemia for oxidative and acute-injury markers or 24 hours (h) post-ischemia for histopathology. Nitrotyrosine formation, a marker of NO-derived species such as peroxynitrite, was observed only in hypoxic brains. Hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in nitrogen oxides, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, with a concomitant decrease in total antioxidant capacity, compared with controls. Peroxynitrite addition to brain homogenate increased nitrogen oxides linearly (1:1), although protein carbonyls were unchanged. Concomitantly, in vitro cortical and hippocampal cell viability and ATP levels decreased, with an increase in brain edema in hypoxic brains. Fetuses delivered 24 h post-ischemia had increased hippocampal nuclear karyorrhexis on histology compared with controls. Antioxidant administration (ascorbic acid and Trolox) intraperitoneally ameliorated changes in cellular viability and brain edema. Acute fetal hypoxia-ischemia without reoxygenation results in increased nitrogen and oxygen free radical production that may cause brain injury. The merits of the described model are discussed.
Influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave on El Niño and its multidecadal changes from 1950 to 2001

[1] The slow eastward phase propagation of covarying sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) persisted in the midlatitude Southern Ocean from 1950 to 2001. Its northern extent reached into the subtropical South Indian and South Pacific oceans, where it influenced the magnitude and phase of El Nino in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. This is corroborated by the observation that multidecadal changes in the ACW can also explain multidecadal changes in the way El Nino evolved over the last half of the twentieth century. Before 1977, El Nino evolved from the slow eastward phase propagation of a coupled SST/SLP wave across the subtropical South Pacific Ocean to South America, then equatorward along the eastern boundary to the equator. During this epoch, the ACW expanded equatorward into a warmer subtropical South Pacific Ocean, accounting for the subtropical coupled SST/SLP wave that initiated El Nino. After 1977, El Nino evolved from the slow eastward phase propagation of a coupled SST/SLP wave across the tropical Pacific Ocean. During this epoch, the ACW receded from a colder subtropical South Pacific Ocean but expanded into a warmer subtropical South Indian Ocean. There it spawned a coupled SST/SLP wave directed equatorward into the Warm Pool north of Australia, thereafter propagating eastward into the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean to initiate El Nino. If this pattern of global warming persists into the 21st century, then the ACW will continue to influence El Nino through the South Indian Ocean.
An unsteady interactive separation process

Recently, Sychev addressed the question of unsteady interactive separation moving upstream along the wall. Here, by a least-square procedure, an interaction solution is shown to exist in which the boundary-layer ap- proximation remains uniformly valid. No additional vortex layers are introduced in the interaction region, thus avoiding the difficulties inherent in Sychev's proposal. Remarkably, according to the solution, the principal mechanics of separation is a bifurcation-free divergence of streamlines. NSTEADY boundary-layer separation is one of the major fundamental, yet unresolved questions of fluid mechanics. Thus in experimental or numerical work, it remains unclear what are the distinctive features to look for in the results, or how to extrapolate to higher Reynolds numbers than may reliably be determined. The influence of a multitude of factors cannot confidently be estimated, and criteria are missing to judge results where they may mutually contradict each other. As emphasized by Sears and Telionis,1 "separation" is here understood to mean a physically significant departure of the boundary layer away from the wall. The location of zero wall shear is also often loosely denoted as separation, but Moore,2 Rott,3 and Sears4 have all pointed out that for unsteady separation, or for steady separation from moving walls, zero wall shear does not indicate the same physical separation process as for the steady, fixed wall case. Neither are stagnation points a physical characteristic of the flow, since they depend on the choice of the coordinate system for a deformable body in arbitrary motion. But when for sufficiently high Reynolds number the concept of a thin boundary layer can meaningfully be in- troduced, it becomes possible to define separation in the sense that this boundary layer is no longer in the immediate vicinity of the wall as compared to its thickness. And it is this distinction in the location of the boundary layer that will make the physically crucial difference in other flow characteristics as well: wall pressure gradient, wall shear, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, roll-up, etc. If a description of steady separation from a downstream moving wall can be derived, then the invariance of the flow equations under the Galileo transform may be used to map this one steady separation onto a family of unsteady ones, in all of which the separation point is in upstream motion compared to the wall. Sears and Telionis1 argue that this family should be representativ e of the general case of separation points moving upstream along the wall; certainly the family should be an important example. Thus the object becomes to study steady separation from a downstream moving wall. For this moving wall case, Moore, Rott, and Sears proposed independently that the condition of separation is no longer zero wall shear, but its generalization that the velocity component in the direction of the wall and
Expansion of the CVBEM into a series using fractals

Abstract The study of fractals, such as leading to the Koch snowflake, among other graphical displays, has advanced considerably in the last several years. In this paper, the development of triangular fractals that geometrically sum into an area whose boundary is a function, of a specific type, is used to expand the complex variable boundary element method (or CVBEM) into a series.
The Gain-of-Function Arabidopsis acd6 Mutant Reveals Novel Regulation and Function of the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Controlling Cell Death, Defenses, and Cell Growth

We isolated a dominant gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant, accelerated cell death 6 (acd6), with elevated defenses, patches of dead and enlarged cells, reduced stature, and increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. The acd6-conferred phenotypes are suppressed by removing a key signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA), by using the nahG transgene, which encodes SA hydroxylase. This suppression includes phenotypes that are not induced by application of SA to wild-type plants, indicating that SA acts with a second signal to cause many acd6-conferred phenotypes. acd6-nahG plants show hyperactivation of all acd6-conferred phenotypes after treatment with a synthetic inducer of the SA pathway, benzo(1,2, 3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (BTH), suggesting that SA acts with and also modulates the levels and/or activity of the second defense signal. acd6 acts partially through a NONEXPRESSOR OF PR 1 (NPR1) gene-independent pathway that activates defenses and confers resistance to P. syringae. Surprisingly, BTH-treated acd6-nahG plants develop many tumor-like abnormal growths, indicating a possible role for SA in modulating cell growth.
The Wilder H5 chondrite: A 1982 find from Idaho

— The Wilder chondrite, a single stone of 1970 g, was found in southwestern Idaho in 1982. A classification of H5 is indicated by the mean compositions of olivines (Fa18.4) and orthopyroxenes (Fs16.3), and the narrow range in mineral compositions, recrystallized nature of the matrix, and mean Wo content of the orthopyroxenes (Wo1.34).
Tributyltin Contamination and Imposex in Alaska Harbors

We quantified imposex in file dogwinkles (Nucella lima) and tributyltin (TBT) contamination in bay mussels (Mytilus trossulus) from 10 harbors and nearby control sites throughout Alaska. We found evidence of TBT contamination in mussels from four harbors (29–54 ng TBT/g wet tissue wt). Two of these harbors now show reduced TBT contamination relative to levels found in 1987. We were able to find and collect dogwinkles from seven sites. Of these, all three dogwinkle samples from harbor sites exhibited imposex, with 36%–87.5% females affected per site. In total, six of the 10 harbors had some evidence of TBT contamination.
Inclusion/host relations involving accessory minerals in high-grade metamorphic and anatectic rocks

In general, accessory minerals are expected to participate in partial fusion of their host rocks to a degree determined simply by their solubilities in the melt. The possibility must be recognized, however, that a given accessory grain may be physically isolated from the melt by inclusion within a residual major mineral. Because of the importance of accessory minerals to crustal-rock trace element and isotope geochemistry, and because of their common existence as inclusions in major phases, we undertook an evaluation of the factors that affect inclusion formation during ultrametamorphism. Three approaches are taken: 1) a review of interfacial energy considerations is used to show that the free energy of the system is lowered by location of accessory minerals at major-phase grain perimeters, and that the magnitude of this effect is proportional to the square of the accessory grain radius; 2) annealing and partial melting experiments (1000° C, 10 and 15 kbar) on rock analogs are described, and the results are shown to confirm the predicted tendency of accessory minerals to occupy grain boundaries; and 3) the results of a study of accessory phase (rutile and zircon) distribution in a migmatite from the Tibetan slab are reported, again in confirmation of the prediction that accessories tend to be situated at majorphase grain perimeters. The latter two aspects of the study reveal that, although included accessory grains are common, their generally small size results in only a minor contribution to the bulk-rock budget of accessory mineral components: Most of the mass of these components is contained within populations of generally larger accessory grains located at major-phase grain boundaries. Accordingly, the assumption that accessory minerals are involved in crustal melting is generally valid.
Self-reported diabetic complications and 7-year mortality in Mexican American elders: Findings from a community-based study of five Southwestern states

Abstract Purpose: This study was designed to examine the relationship between self-reported diabetic complications and 7-year mortality in Mexican American elders. Methods: We studied 3050 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly (EPESE), conducted in five Southwestern states of the United States, for whom data were available from the baseline interview in 1993–1994 and three follow-up interviews in 1995–1996, 1998–1999, and 2000–2001. A total of 690 respondents in the baseline interview reported a physician's diagnosis of diabetes. Results: Of 690 patients with diabetes, 412 (59.7%) subjects had self-reported complications of eye, kidney, circulation problems, amputations, and 276 (40%) died within the 7-year follow-up. Compared to patients without any diabetic complications, subjects with only one complication were not statistically significantly different in terms of the 7-year mortality (hazard ratio with 95% CI: 1.30, 0.96–1.76), after adjusting for age, sex, living arrangements, smoking, drinking, past medical history of stroke, heart attack, hypertension, cancer, and hip fracture. However, those with two or three complications were nearly twice as likely to die within 7 years than those without complications (1.75, 1.26–2.43 and 1.80, 1.17–2.79, respectively), whereas patients with four complications were nearly three times more likely to die (2.86, 1.47–5.58). Conclusion: The risk of 7-year mortality increased with the number of diabetic complications among Mexican American older adults. Detection of and early treatment/control for diabetic complications may lead to increase survival in this population.
Regional Stratigraphic Analysis of the Cotton Valley Group of the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain

ABSTRACT Lithologic and thickness data on Upper Jurassic rocks of the Cotton Valley group, Upper Gulf Coastal Plain, were interpreted from electric and sample logs, and correlations were established from Arkansas and Louisiana into Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama. Units mapped include the total Cotton Valley, the Schuler formation, and the Bossier formation. Maps included are based on isopachs, lithofacies, shale ratios, and vertical variability. Sand distribution in the Schuler is represented by a "number of sands" map, a "slice" map of the top thousand feet, and a "tripartite sand distribution" map. The Bossier formation is a regional wedge of thick black shale merging updip into a fringe of non-marine shale and sand. The Schuler formation overlaps the Bossier. Its downdip aspect is predominantly marine. It thins updip through a transition zone of maximum shale percentage and maximum number of sands into a non-marine section of coarse clastics. It is believed that the Schuler formation was deposited on an unstable shelf flanking the Gulf Coast basin and receiving a supply of clastics from the north and northeast. The North Louisiana Interior Salt Dome basin was separated from the East Texas basin by a shelf of less subsidence in the region of the Sabine uplift. The marine sands of the Schuler formation were presumably deposited by longshore currents carrying clastics westward from a major delta in northeastern Louisiana and western Mississippi. Facies patterns developed on all of the maps bear a definite relationship to the Cotton Valley producing trends in northern Louisiana. FOOTNOTE 1. Based on a dissertation for the degree Master of Science, submitted to the Graduate School Northwestern University, 1954. Presented by title before the association at the St. Louis meeting, April, 1954. End_Page 143------------------------
On the way to the virtual laboratory : Integrating chemical information into the undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory program

Summary In recent years, an increasing amount of chemical information has been made available electronically. Teaching students effective use of this information has been handled in many ways. The enhancement of the physical chemistry laboratory curriculum at Duke provided an ideal time to integrate the instruction into the program. Our ultimate goal is to create an educational laboratory environment that at once teaches the important foundations of physical chemistry needed for a quality laboratory curriculum and reproduces, as closely as possible the modern scientific laboratory setting where laboratory exploration is entwined with oral and written communication and library and information resource skills.
Energy consumption, capital and real output: A comparison of market and planned economies

Abstract This paper investigates the energy intensiveness and the capital intensiveness ofgross domestic products for 17 European market economies and 7 East European economies for the years 1978, 1979, and 1980. Gross domestic products and real capital stocks of all countries are expressed in 1975 U.S. dollars. Energy consumption is likewise measured in internationally comparable units. The Eastern Bloc consumed on average nearly twice as much energy relative to gross domestic product and capital as the market economies. Despite this, aggregate output per worker in the Eastern Bloc averaged only 60% of that in the market economies.
Genital lesions and acute urinary retention

Introduction Clinical trials for intracerebral haemorrhage typically measure outcomes in the same way and at the same time points as trials for ischaemic stroke. However, there is growing evidence that the trajectory of recovery following intracerebral haemorrhage may differ significantly from that following ischaemic stroke. A better understanding of current approaches to outcome assessment is essential to ensure that future trials examining treatments for intracerebral haemorrhage are designed appropriately. Objective To determine when and how outcomes are measured in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods and analysis With the assistance of an information specialist, we will conduct a scoping review by searching MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science for prospective studies of adults with primary intracerebral haemorrhage and documented outcomes with specified times. Two reviewers will independently collect data on included studies pertaining to publication data, study population information, timing of outcome and details of the outcome measurement tools used. The extracted data will be used to demonstrate the type and timing of outcome measures. Ethics and dissemination Primary data will not be collected therefore formal ethics is not required. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and through presentation at academic conferences.
Expectations and discrepancies with hospital conditions as they actually exist

Resume Les resultats de cette enquete montrent que les patients hospitalises ne sont souvent pas prepares a recevoir les soins infirmiers qu'ils peuvent escompter et ignorent ce qu'ils peuvent attendre des differentes classes de personnel hospitalier avec lesquelles ils pourront avoid des contacts. Les patients envoyes a l'hopital par leurs medecins prives ont signale qu'ils avaient ete informes au sujet du specialiste qui allait s'occuper d'eux, des tests auxquels ils allaient etre soumis et de la duree probable de leur sejour. Le plupart des patients ont reconnu qu'il existe une tendance au sentiment que les soins sont adequats aussi longtemps que le personnel infirmier est aimable. Cette adresse d'attention aux sentiments du patient devrait souligner l'importance des rapports d'infirmiere a patient et le besoin d'une plus grande comprehension, par le patient, des soins infirmiers qu'il peut attendre du personnel. On peut conclure que les resultats de cette etude mettent l'accent sur l'attention et les soins accordes directement aux patients et sur l'importance des communications entre le personnel infirmier et les patients dans le contexte de l'hopital. Des enquetes continues sont necessaires si l'on veut s'appliquer a trouver de meilleurs moyens de promouvoir un nursing efficace et il est indispensable que le personnel infirmier se mette en quete de moyens susceptibles de declencher des changements et de conduire a des ameliorations dans les hopitaux.
Macular sensitivity and fixation patterns in normal eyes and eyes with uveitis with and without macular edema.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between macular sensitivity and thickness in eyes with uveitic macular edema (UME). This study is a prospective observational case series. The setting for this study was clinical practice. The study included 59 (28 with UME, 31 without UME) eyes of 26 patients with uveitis and 19 eyes of 10 normal subjects. The procedure followed was fundus-related perimetry and retinal thickness map with an automated fundus perimetry/tomography system. Main outcome measures included quantification of macular sensitivity, fixation pattern, and relationship between macular sensitivity and thickness. Fixation stability revealed that 56 eyes (93.44%) had stable fixation (>75% within the central 2° of point of fixation); three eyes (6.56%) were relatively unstable ( 75% located within 4°); and no eye had unstable fixation ( 50% of fixation point within 0.5 mm of foveal center); seven eyes (11.86%) had peri-central fixation location (25% 280 μm. Perimetry quantification of macular sensitivity and retinal thickness, in association with other factors, may offer novel information regarding the impact of UME on retinal function.
ZIRCONIUM(IV) SANDWICH COMPLEXES OF PORPHYRINS AND TETRAAZAPORPHYRINS : SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES

A family of bis(porphyrin) zirconium sandwich complexes containing octaethylporphyrin (OEP) and octaethyltetraazaporphyrin (OETAP) was synthesized and characterized by UV−vis and NMR spectroscopies. The two ligands are structural analogues yet have dramatically different redox properties (the redox potentials of OETAP complexes are much more positive than those of the corresponding OEP complexes). Cyclic voltammetry results indicate that Zr(OETAP)2 is about 600 mV harder to oxidize and about 600 mV easier to reduce than Zr(OEP)2, while the mixed sandwich Zr(OEP)(OETAP) exhibits intermediate redox potentials. The structures of Zr(OEP)(OETAP) and Zr(OETAP)2 were determined by X-ray crystallography and compared to Zr(OEP)2. The solid-state structures were very similar, indicating that OEP and OETAP have similar steric parameters and that observed spectroscopic and electrochemical differences are due primarily to electronic factors. The one electron oxidized porphyrin sandwiches were also synthesized. Charact...
Vascular permeability factor, an endothelial cell mitogen related to PDGF

Vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a 40-kilodalton disulfide-linked dimeric glycoprotein that is active in increasing blood vessel permeability, endothelial cell growth, and angiogenesis. These properties suggest that the expression of VPF by tumor cells could contribute to the increased neovascularization and vessel permeability that are associated with tumor vasculature. The cDNA sequence of VPF from human U937 cells was shown to code for a 189-amino acid polypeptide that is similar in structure to the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B) and other PDGF-B-related proteins. The overall identity with PDGF-B is 18%. However, all eight of the cysteines in PDGF-B were found to be conserved in human VPF, an indication that the folding of the two proteins is probably similar. Clusters of basic amino acids in the COOH-terminal halves of human VPF and PDGF-B are also prevalent. Thus, VPF appears to be related to the PDGF/v-sis family of proteins.
Passive dissolution of hydrogen gas into groundwater using hollow-fiber membranes.

A new hollow-fiber membrane remediation system has recently been developed to passively supply groundwater with dissolved hydrogen (H2) to stimulate the biodegradation of chlorinated solvents. Understanding the mass transfer behavior of membranes under conditions of creeping flow is critical for the design of such systems. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the gas transfer behavior of hollow-fiber membranes under conditions typical of groundwater flow and to assess the effect of membrane configuration on gas transfer performance. Membrane gas transfer was evaluated using laboratory-scale glass columns operated at low flow velocities (8.6–12,973 cm/d). H2 was supplied to the inside of the membrane fibers while water flowed on the outside and normal to the fibers (i.e. cross-flow). Membrane configuration (single fiber and fabric) and membrane spacing for the fabric modules did not affect gas transfer performance. Therefore, the results from all of the experiments were combined to obtain the following dimensionless Sherwood number (Sh) correlation expressed as a function of Reynolds number (Re) and Schmidt number (Sc): Sh=0.824Re0.39Sc0.33 (0.0004<Re<0.6). This correlation is useful for predicting the rate of transfer of any gas from clean membranes to flowing water at low Re. This correlation provides a basis for estimating the membrane surface area requirements for groundwater remediation as illustrated by a simple example.
MicroRNA: a new player in stem cells.

TODD A. ANDERSONThe Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH),and Department of Environmental Toxicology,Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TexasmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of endogenous non-protein-coding small RNAs, which negatively regulate geneexpressionattheposttranscriptionallevelinmanydevelopmentalandmetabolicprocesses.miRNAsregulateavarietyofbiologicalprocesses, including developmental timing, signal transduction, tissue differentiation and maintenance, disease, andcarcinogenesis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs also play an essential role in stem cell self-renewal anddifferentiation. Some miRNAs are speciﬁcally expressed in stem cells, control stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation throughnegativelyregulatingtheexpressionofcertainkeygenesinstemcells. J.Cell.Physiol.209:266–269,2006.
Shifting Loyalties: Reconsidering Psychology’s Subject Matter

Schwarz (IPBS: Integrative Psychology & Behavioral Science 43:3, 2009) cogently demonstrates that in conjunction with scientific conventionalism psychology has developed a rather deficient view of their subject matter: the human being. Psychology based on an impoverished notion of empirical has rendered subjectivity or ‘the measuring apparatus man’ invisible. As his story implicitly demonstrates, psychologists supported by a positivistic view of science (in part to be empirical) and notion of ‘objectivity’ have learned to trust their ‘rigorous’ methods instead of their participants as capable of revealing important and interesting phenomena. If we are going to take subjectivity and experience seriously there should be a cultivation of a new attitude or orientation regarding psychology’s subject matter (i.e., the human being) and science. This commentary discusses Mark Freeman’s (2007) argument that the first requirement of science should be ‘fidelity to the phenomena’ and elaborates on the implications for psychology grounded in this view of science.
Long-term results after the surgical treatment of Madelung's deformity: a case report.

Various etiologic factors and methods of treatmentip have been proposed since Madelung described palmar subluxation of the hand due to anterior angulation of the distal radius and prominence of the distal straight ulna. An excellent review has been presented by Tachdjian.3 However, the postoperative effects on growing carpal bones, detailed end results, and the final effect on adult occupation are conspicuously rare in the literature.4,’ Therefore, we present a detailed functional and physical result in an assembly-line worker 24 years after surgical treatment.
Restricted uptake of ethidium bromide and propidium diiodide by denatured closed circular DNA in buoyant cesium chloride.

Abstract Alkali-denatured closed circular DNA forms, on neutralization, a relatively stable species first described by Pouwels et al. (1968). In contrast to single-stranded DNA, this denatured two-stranded closed circular DNA species bands densely and co-bands approximately with closed circular duplex DNA in ethidium bromide-CsCl equilibrium density gradients. In CsCl gradients containing propidium diiodide, denDNA I is denser than DNA I, nicked circular DNA and single-stranded φX174 viral DNA. The magnitude of the separations between the above DNAs allows preparative isolation of each when all four are present in the same gradient. The denDNA I has a novel open circular appearance in the electron microscope when cast on standard aqueous hypophases. This species becomes tightly twisted when cast on either aqueous or formamide hypophases containing ethidium bromide. We have concluded from these observations that the high buoyant density of denDNA I in dye-CsCl gradients, relative to single-stranded DNA, is the result of a restricted uptake of dye.
Phospholemman Inhibition of the Cardiac Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger: ROLE OF PHOSPHORYLATION *

We have demonstrated previously that phospholemman (PLM), a 15-kDa integral sarcolemmal phosphoprotein, inhibits the cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1). In addition, protein kinase A phosphorylates serine 68, whereas protein kinase C phosphorylates both serine 63 and serine 68 of PLM. Using human embryonic kidney 293 cells that are devoid of both endogenous PLM and NCX1, we first demonstrated that the exogenous NCX1 current (INaCa) was increased by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) but not by forskolin. When co-expressed with NCX1, PLM resulted in: (i) decreases in INaCa, (ii) attenuation of the increase in INaCa by PMA, and (iii) additional reduction in INaCa in cells treated with forskolin. Mutating serine 63 to alanine (S63A) preserved the sensitivity of PLM to forskolin in terms of suppression of INaCa, whereas mutating serine 68 to alanine (S68A) abolished the inhibitory effect of PLM on INaCa. Mutating serine 68 to glutamic acid (phosphomimetic) resulted in additional suppression of INaCa as compared with wild-type PLM. These results suggest that PLM phosphorylated at serine 68 inhibited INaCa. The physiological significance of inhibition of NCX1 by phosphorylated PLM was evaluated in PLM-knock-out (KO) mice. When compared with wild-type myocytes, INaCa was significant larger in PLM-KO myocytes. In addition, the PMA-induced increase in INaCa was significantly higher in PLM-KO myocytes. By contrast, forskolin had no effect on INaCa in wild-type myocytes. We conclude that PLM, when phosphorylated at serine 68, inhibits Na+/Ca2+ exchange in the heart.
Fine structural changes in the lateral vestibular nucleus of aging rats

The fine structure of the lateral vestibular nucleus was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats, that were sacrified at 4 weeks, 6-8 weeks, 6-8 months, and 18-20 months of age. In the neuronal perikaria, the following age-associated changes were seen with increasing frequency with advancing age: rodlike nuclear inclusions and nuclear membrane invaginations; cytoplasmic dense bodies with the characteristics of lipofuscin; and moderate disorganization of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Dense bodies were also seen in glial cells. Rats 18 to 20 months old showed dendritic swellings, axonal degeneration, and an apparent increase in the number of axosomatic synaptic terminals containing flattened vesicles (presumed to be inhibitory in function).
Development of Expanded Multidisciplinary Collaborative Experiences Across Construction and Design Curricula

For many construction and design firms survival, is arguably predicated on their ability to work together with other organizations. The demands of time and budget placed on these industries by building owners challenge traditional project delivery methods, to which industry is responding. Conversely, many academic institutions continue to neglect the opportunity to collaborate between the design and construction aspects of building by ignoring shared responsibilities. Those that provide opportunities often do so in limited amounts of time or with a limited number of students. This paper presents an undergraduate academic initiative that fostered collaboration between architecture and construction management students, a model which is now proposed to become the basis for a collaborative experience for every construction student in the department. This is significant because pedagogical models for teaching many topics such as conceptual estimating, pre-design services, or sustainability within the two curri...
DNA fingerprinting reveals links among agricultural crops, soil properties, and the composition of soil microbial communities

Abstract Rapid methods for characterizing soil microbial communities are essential to assess responses to perturbations and to improved management practices. This study compared the composition of microbial communities in 47 agricultural soil and adjacent land use samples collected in the San Joaquin Valley, CA. Microbial communities were characterized by DNA fingerprinting of the Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, using primers universal for bacteria or eucarya. Bacterial DNA fingerprints were more complex (containing 25–30 bands) than were eucaryotic fingerprints (8–15 bands). Field replicates from within an agricultural field were more similar to one another than samples collected in different fields under the same crop type or in close proximity to one another. Microbial communities in almond, grape, and tomato soils across different locations were more similar to one another than communities in cotton and safflower soils. Bacterial DNA fingerprints were significantly correlated with soil electrical conductivity, soil texture, inorganic carbon, and nitrogen content but not with pH and organic carbon content. The grouping of soil samples based on their soil reflectance properties was similar to the grouping based on the bacterial ITS analysis. Despite similarities among communities under some crops and at some locations, there is tremendous unexplained diversity within agricultural soil microbial communities. More extensive sampling is needed to better understand the driving forces underlying microbial community composition.
What Happened to All the Patients? Event Charts for Summarizing Individual Patient Data and Displaying Clinically Significant Changes in Quality of Life Data

Event charts are a novel way of presenting data from pharmaceutical phase 1 clinical trials. We applied event chart methodology to summarize clinically significant changes in quality of life (QOL) data over time for oncology patients enrolled in North Central Cancer Treatment Group and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center clinical trials. Recent developments in QOL research have led to a number of definitions for clinically significant changes in oncology QOL measures. Many approaches suggest that on a 0 to 100 point scale, changes of <10 are small, 10 to 20 are moderate, and more than 20 points are large differences in QOL scores. This taxonomy is analogous to the tracking methodology invoked for the monitoring of toxicity data via National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria guidelines. This categorization was combined with event chart methodology to summarize QOL data over time for patients enrolled in oncology clinical trials. Event charts were compared to both the scatter plot approach and Kaplan-Meier time-to-event graphical representations. The event chart method proved superior to plotting raw scores over time since at-risk individuals were identified with greater facility and censored or missing data were incorporated more readily due to the intent-to-treat nature of this method. Furthermore, event charts identified time points where patients may have experienced potential crises in QOL and where interventions could be employed. The event chart provides an innovative method for summarizing individual patient QOL data over time. This methodology has the potential for use as a tracking device in oncology clinical trials. In this sense, we can record QOL “events” and potentially intervene based upon the observed magnitude of changes in scores.
The prognostic advantage of calreticulin mutations in myelofibrosis might be confined to type 1 or type 1-like CALR variants.

To the editor: Approximately 90% of patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) harbor JAK2 (58%), CALR (25%), or MPL (7%) mutations.[1][1][⇓][2]-[3][3] CALR -mutated PMF patients are younger than their JAK2 -mutated counterparts, and they display higher platelet count, lower leukocyte count,
Twelve Frequently Asked Questions about Growth Curve Modeling.

Longitudinal data analysis has long played a significant role in empirical research within the developmental sciences. The past decade has given rise to a host of new and exciting analytic methods for studying between-person differences in within-person change. These methods are broadly organized under the term growth curve models. The historical lines of development leading to current growth models span multiple disciplines within both the social and statistical sciences, and this in turn makes it challenging for developmental researchers to gain a broader understanding of the current state of this literature. To help address this challenge, the authors pose 12 questions that frequently arise in growth curve modeling, particularly in applications within developmental psychology. They provide concise and nontechnical responses to each question and make specific recommendations for further readings.
Escaping Poverty and Becoming Poor: Who Gains, Who Loses, and Why?

Abstract Different households have followed very different economic trajectories, this study of 35 north Indian villages shows. Members of 11.1% of 6,376 households in these villages have overcome poverty in the last 25 years, while members of another 7.9% have fallen into poverty. Households’ escape from poverty is assisted by one set of factors, but an entirely different set of factors is associated with households’ decline. Two distinct sets of policies are required thus, one set to promote escape from poverty and another set to arrest decline into poverty. Poverty has some distinctly local antecedents. A methodology for tracking changes in poverty at the local level is developed that community groups and others can use to assess change and examine causes.