cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Families with sleepwalking

Abstract Background Studies on families with sleepwalking are uncommonly published but can give further information on the phenotype of patients with chronic sleepwalking. Subjects and methods Out of 51 individuals referred for chronic sleepwalking during a 5-year period, we obtained sufficient information on 7 families with direct relatives who reported sleepwalking with or without sleep terrors. Among 70 living direct family members, we obtained questionnaire responses from 50 subjects and identified 34 cases with a history of sleepwalking. Of the 50 subjects, 16 completed only questionnaires, while all the others also completed a clinical evaluation and nocturnal sleep recordings. Results There was a positive history of sleepwalking on either the paternal or maternal side of the family over several generations in our 7 families. Thirty-three clinically evaluated subjects had evidence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), with associated craniofacial risk factors for SDB (particularly maxillary and/or mandibular deficiencies). There was a complete overlap with the report of parasomnias and the presence of SDB. In cases with current sleepwalking, treatment of SDB coincided with clear improvement of the parasomnia. Conclusion All of our subjects with parasomnias presented with familial traits considered as risk factors for SDB. These anatomical risk factors are present at birth and even subtle SDB can lead to sleep disruption and instability of NREM sleep. The question raised is: are factors leading to chronic sleep disruption the familial traits responsible for familial sleepwalking?
Clean Energy Generation by a Nanostructured Biophotofuel Cell

In this paper, clean energy generation from hazardous materials by a nanostructured biophotofuel cell was studied. Specifically, electrodeposition of polyaniline on TiO2 nanotube as photoelectrochemical anode for a sodium sulfide fuel cell was performed. The photoelectrochemical response of the TiO2 nanotube capped by polyaniline nanoparticles was studied in UV and visible light illumination using sodium sulfide as the electrolyte. The polyaniline was added onto the top end of the nanotube via electrochemical deposition from 0.1 M aniline (C6H7N) in 1 M HCl solution. Polyaniline nanoparticle/TiO2 nanotube was made into an anode and put into 0.5 M sodium sulfide solution for photoelectrochemical response tests under both visible and ultraviolet light irradiation. The photoelectrochemical anode shows good photo-catalytic property, as evidenced by the open circuit potential changes when the illumination conditions were changed. Its response to ultraviolet light is much stronger than to visible light. It is also found that the higher the temperature of the sodium sulfide solution, the weaker the photo-catalytic response of the anode.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Molecular Layer Deposition of Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Polymer Films using Diethylzinc and Ethylene Glycol

The molecular layer deposition (MLD) of a hybrid organic-inorganic polymer based on zinc is demonstrated using sequential exposures of diethyl zinc (DEZ, Zn(CH2CH3)2) and ethylene glycol (EG, HOCH2CH2OH). This polymer is representative of a class of zinc alkoxide polymers with an approximate formula of (� ZnORO� )n that can be called ''zincones''. The film growth and surface chemistry during zincone MLD is studied using in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The absorbance of the infrared features of the zincone film increase progressively versus the number of MLD cycles. The FTIR spectra after the DEZ and EG exposures are consistent with the gain and loss of absorbance from CH, OH, CO, and ZnO stretching vibrations. FTIR studies also confirm the self-limiting nature of the surface reactions and monitor the temperature dependence of the film growth. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of ZrO2 nanoparticles show very conformal zincone films and determine that the growth rate varies from 4.0 A u per MLD cycle at 908C to 0.25 A u per MLD cycle at 1708C. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements show linear zincone growth versus the number of MLD cycles. XRR studies on silicon wafers are consistent with a growth rate of 0.7 A u per MLD cycle at 1308C. The higher growth rate on the ZrO2 nanoparticles is attributed to the lower gas conductance and possible CVD reactions in the ZrO2 nanoparticles. The reaction mechanism for zincone MLD is dependent on temperature. At higher temperatures, there is evidence for ''double'' reactions of EG because no free hydroxyl groups are observed in the FTIR spectrum after the EG exposures. The zincone film can grow in the absence of free hydroxyl groups if DEZ can diffuse into the zincone film and react during the subsequent EG exposure. The zincone films initially adsorb H2O upon exposure to air and then are very stable with time.
Engineering mathematics: the odd order theorem proof

Even with the assistance of computer tools, the formalized de-scription and verification of research-level mathematics remains a daunting task, not least because of the talent with which mathema-ticians combine diverse theories to achieve their ends. By combin-ing tools and techniques from type theory, language design, and software engineering we have managed to capture enough of these practices to formalize the proof of the Odd Order theorem, a landmark result in Group Theory.
Sub-bottom Study of Long Island Sound

Seismic reflection and magnetic measurements made over the last ten years in Long Island Sound have been combined with earlier seismic refraction data and with geological data on the surrounding land to provide details of the Pleistocene history of the area. Long Island Sound is at present shallow and the bottom is of low relief. Reflection data indicate the presence of relief on the order of many hundreds of feet beneath the bottom. The combined geophysical data indicate that the relief is in the primarily Cretaceous cover over the basement in the Sound and is related to the Pleistocene glaciation of the area. This conclusion is supported by correlations with surface geology and physiography and with data from boreholes. The magnetic measurements can be interpreted to support the suggestion of Sanders (1963) that the Triassic of Connecticut extends beneath the Sound at least as far as the north shore of Long Island.
On the Mechanism of Energy Transfer in the Plasma-Propellant Interaction

A coupled plasma sheath/ablation model is developed for electrothermal chemical gun applications. By combining a commonly employed collisional sheath model with a previous ablation model, the convective heat flux as a function of time to the propellant bed is determined for two potential electrothermal chemical gun propellants, XM39 and JA2. It is found that the convective heat flux varies smoothly from a nearly collisionless to a fully collisional regime over the short duration of the plasma pulse. The possibility of determining an accurate estimate of the amount of heat flux to the propellant bed due to radiation from the bulk plasma presents itself.
Pragmatics and SLI: within-group variations in discourse behaviors.

Selected discourse behaviors of children with specific language impairment (SU) presenting expressive (E:SLI) or combined expressive-receptive deficits (E-R:SLI) were compared to each other and to ...
Snail transcription factors in hematopoietic cell development: A model of functional redundancy

Coordinated gene expression is crucial in facilitating proper lymphoid cell development and function. The precise patterns of gene expression during B- and T-cell development are regulated through a complex interplay between a multitude of transcriptional regulators, both activators and repressors. We have recently identified the Snail family of transcription factors as playing significant and overlapping roles in lymphoid cell development, in that deletion of both SNAI2 and SNAI3 was required to fully impact the generation of mature T and B cells. Analyses using compound heterozygote animals further demonstrated that SNAI2 and SNAI3 were partially haplosufficient and relatively equivalent in their ability to preserve B-cell generation in the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize studies elucidating the role of the Snail family in hematopoiesis, with a focus on lymphoid cell development. Using the Snail family as an example, we discuss the concepts of functional redundancy and strategies employed to assay transcription factor families for intramember compensation.
Experimental evidence for costs of parasitism for a threatened species, White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa)

Summary 1. We used field and experimental data to test if white grub parasites (Diplostomatidae) are costly to White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa), a threatened species restricted to four sites in the Chihuahuan desert, New Mexico. 2. Of the four populations of C. tularosa, two are native and two are introduced. The two native populations (Malpais Spring and Salt Creek) are genetically distinct and have been isolated historically in dissimilar aquatic habitats (brackish spring and saline river, respectively). Two populations were established c. 1970 from translocation of Salt Creek fish to another saline river (Lost River) and another brackish spring (Mound Spring). 3. Physid snails (Physidae) occur in the two brackish spring habitats but not the saline river habitats. These snails are first intermediate hosts for white grubs (Diplostomatidae). Therefore, the two freshwater populations are infected by diplostomatids. For the Mound Spring population, the ecological relationship of C. tularosa and diplostomatids has only recently occurred. 4. In 1995, a population crash occurred for C. tularosa at Mound Spring, associated with a parasite outbreak. Diplostomatids were the presumptive cause of this crash, but this was inferred from observation of infection in collected fish. 5. Two years of seasonal sampling of the two populations revealed that all collected fish were infected. Parasite intensities were significantly lower in winter compared to summer, suggesting that heavily infected fish were lost from the population on a seasonal basis. 6. We conducted an artificial infection experiment to assess the costs of parasitism for previously uninfected C. tularosa females for various life-history traits. Under experimental conditions, diplostomatid infection caused increases in C. tularosa mortality and decreases in growth and fat storage. Individual-level costs of parasitism may translate to population-level patterns of parasitism for C. tularosa populations. Results from this study suggest that parasites may impact host overwinter survival, which is consistent with lower parasite intensities found during winters in wild populations.
A variational theory of fermion matter with spin dependent correlations

Abstract A variational wave function is constructed for a system of fermions interacting with a spin dependent potential. The correlations due to the repulsive core of the potential are described by a spin independent Jastrow product ansatz and the correlations due to the longer range part of the potential, which are assumed to be spin dependent, are described by an independent pair ansatz. A cluster expansion is derived for the variational energy and a set of hypernetted chain (HNC) equations obtained to sum the cluster series in terms of the elementary diagrams. Neglecting the elementary diagrams, the HNC equations are solved numerically for the spin dependent potential, V3, in neutron matter. The introduction of spin dependent correlations is found to give a small lowering of the variational energy in the HNC approximation. The results are very sensitive to an accurate treatment of the many-body terms within the HNC approximation, however, and it is shown that additional approximations can easily lead to an exaggeration of the effect of the spin dependent correlations.
Normal infrared spectral emittance of Al 2 O 3

We have measured the near-normal ordinary ray transmittance and reflectance of crystalline Al2O3 from 1.6 micrometer to 11 micrometer and temperatures from 296 K to 582 K. The absorptance, or emittance, is derived from 1-(T+R), where T and R are the measured transmittance and reflectance. The derived emittance curves are compared with the predictions of a multi-phonon model prediction. Generally, good agreement is found between the measured and predicted results in the region of the multi-phonon absorption edge.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Investigating the Roles of Knowledge and Cognitive Abilities in Older Adult Information Seeking on the Web

This study investigated the influences of knowledge, particularly Internet, Web browser, and search engine knowledge, as well as cognitive abilities on older adult information seeking on the Internet. The emphasis on aspects of cognition was informed by a modeling framework of search engine information-seeking behavior. Participants from two older age groups were recruited: twenty people in a younger-old group (ages 60-70) and twenty people in an older-old group (ages 71-85). Ten younger adults (ages 18-39) served as a comparison group. All participants had at least some Internet search experience. The experimental task consisted of six realistic search problems, all involving information related to health and well-being and which varied in degree of complexity. The results indicated that though necessary, Internet-related knowledge was not sufficient in explaining information-seeking performance, and suggested that a combination of both knowledge and key cognitive abilities is important for successful information seeking. In addition, the cognitive abilities that were found to be critical for task performance depended on the search problem's complexity. Also, significant differences in task performance between the younger and the two older age groups were found on complex, but not on simple problems. Overall, the results from this study have implications for instructing older adults on Internet information seeking and for the design of Web sites.
A field‐focusing device to increase power output of ThermoRod™ implants for thermal ablation of tissue

Induction heating of small, cylindrical ferromagnetic implants (1.4 cm long and 1 mm in diameter) is a method for treating deep-seated tumors. These implants, or ThermoRods™, are placed within a lesion in 1-cm2 arrays and are exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The implants absorb energy from that field and transfer it as heat to the surrounding tissue. Each ThermoRod™ offers approximately 400 mW of power, and to kill cells, the target temperature must be greater than 42 °C. In this work, a magnetic field-focusing device is employed to concentrate the induced magnetic flux toward a local region near the base of the prostate to increase the power output of proximal ThermoRods™. This, in turn, allows for more complete thermal ablation of lesions near the base of the prostate where the heat-sink characteristics of the bladder can cause significant power losses. Boundary element analysis and in vitro testing have shown that the use of a ferrofluid-based field-focusing device can lead to a significant increase in power output of approximately 25% and 13%, respectively, of proximal ThermoRods™. These preliminary results indicate that the incorporation of such a ferrofluid-based focusing device into ThermoRod™ treatments is promising for the avoidance of significant power loss and for assuring complete thermal ablation of prostatic lesions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 650–656, 2002
An accurate and efficient method for treating aerodynamic interactions of cloud droplets

Motivated by a need to improve the representation of short-range interaction forces in hybrid direct numerical simulation of interacting cloud droplets, an efficient method for treating the aerodynamic interaction of two spherical particles settling under gravity is developed. An effort is made to ensure the accuracy of our method for any inter-particle separation by considering three separation ranges. The first is the long-range interaction where a multipole method is applied. After a decomposition into six simple configurations, explicit formulae for drag forces and torques are derived from an approximate Force-Torque-Stresslet (FTS) formulation. The FTS formulation is found to be accurate when the separation distance normalized by the average radius is larger than 5. The second range concerns the short-range interaction where the interaction force could be very large. Leading-order lubrication expansions are employed for this range and are found to be accurate when the normalized separation is less than about 0.01. Finally, for the intermediate range where no simple method is available, a third-order polynomial fitting is proposed to bridge the treatments for long-range and short-range interactions. After optimizing the precise form of polynomial fitting and matching locations, the force representation is found to be highly accurate when compared with the exact solution for Stokes flows. Using this method, collision efficiencies of cloud droplets sedimenting under gravity have been calculated. It is shown that the results of collision efficiency are in excellent agreement with results based on the exact Stokes flow solution. Collision efficiency results are also compared to previous results to further illustrate the accuracy of our calculations. The effects of particle rotation and the attractive van der Waals force on the collision efficiency are also studied. The efficient force representation developed here is more general than the usual lubrication expansion and thus can serve as a better approach to correct unresolved short-range interactions in particle-resolved simulations.
Gender and ethnicity differences in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis—analysis from three large randomized clinical trials

Objective. Although the incidence of dcSSc is higher in African-American and Hispanic populations compared with European Caucasian patients, it is not clear whether there are differences in subsequent disease course. Also, the potential impact of gender on the disease course of dcSSc is not well defined. Our objective was to assess the course of modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS), HAQ-disability index (HAQ-DI) and forced vital capacity per cent (FVC%) predicted between men vs women and three ethnic groups with dcSSc participating in three randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Method. Data from RCTs (n = 495) were pooled and analysed. Baseline characteristics were compared in men vs women and among ethnic groups. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess the predictors of MRSS, HAQ-DI and FVC%. The primary independent variables were time-in-study and its interaction with gender and ethnicity. The models were adjusted for other covariates that were significant at baseline between gender and ethnicity analyses. Results. Men had lower HAQI-DI scores compared with women (P < 0.05). Among the three ethnic groups, Caucasians were older, African-Americans had lower FVC% predicted and Hispanics had greater tender joint counts (P < 0.05). The course of MRSS, HAQ-DI and FVC% predicted during the study period was not significantly different between gender and three ethnicities. Time-in-study was an independent predictor of improvement in MRSS and HAQ-DI. Conclusion. Our analysis explores the influence of gender and ethnicity on disease course in RCTs. These findings are relevant to issues of future trial design.
Feldspathic rocks on Mars: Compositional constraints from infrared spectroscopy and possible formation mechanisms

Rare feldspar-dominated surfaces on Mars were previously reported based on near-infrared (NIR) spectral data and were interpreted to consist of anorthosite or felsic rocks. Using thermal infrared (TIR) data over the feldspar detections with the largest areal extent in Nili Patera and Noachis Terra, we rule out felsic interpretations. Basaltic or anorthositic compositions are consistent with TIR measurements, but the geologic contexts for these regions do not support a plutonic origin. Laboratory NIR spectral measurements demonstrate that large plagioclase crystals (>~840 µm) can be detected in mixtures with as much as 50 vol % mafics, which is higher than the previously stated requirement of no more than 15% mafics. Thus, anorthositic or felsic interpretations need not be invoked for all NIR-based feldspar detections. Plagioclase-enriched basaltic eruptive products can be formed from Martian basalts through partial crystallization at the base of a thick crust, followed by low-pressure crystallization of the residual liquids.
Association between the photodynamic loss of Bcl-2 and the sensitivity to apoptosis caused by phthalocyanine photodynamic therapy.

We have reported that photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer phthalocyanine (Pc) 4 and red light damages the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Recently, using transient transfection of Bcl-2 deletion mutants, we identified the membrane anchorage domains of Bcl-2 as necessary to form the photosensitive target. However, it is not clear how Bcl-2 photodamage sensitizes cells to Pc 4-PDT–induced apoptosis, whether overall cell killing is also sensitized or how upregulation of Bcl-2 in tumors might make them more or less responsive to Pc 4-PDT. In this study we report on MCF-7c3 cells (human breast cancer cells expressing stably transfected procaspase-3) overexpressing wild-type Bcl-2 or certain deletion mutants in either a transient or a stable mode. By flow cytometric analysis of transiently transfected cells, we found that wild-type Bcl-2, Bcl-2D33-54 and Bcl-2D37-63 (each of which can be photodamaged) protected cells from apoptosis caused by Pc 4-PDT. In contrast, Bcl-2D210-239, which lacks the C-terminal transmembrane domain and cannot be photodamaged, afforded no protection. We then evaluated the PDT sensitivity of transfected cell lines stably overexpressing high levels of wild-type Bcl-2 or one of the Bcl-2 mutants. Overexpression of wild-type Bcl-2, Bcl-2D33-54 or Bcl-2D37-63 resulted in relative resistance of cells to Pc 4-PDT, as assessed by morphological apoptosis or loss of clonogenicity. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 also inhibited the activationassociated conformational change of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and higher doses of Pc 4 and light were required to activate Bax in cells expressing high levels of Bcl-2. Many advanced cancer cells have elevated amounts of Bcl-2. Our results show that increasing the dose of Pc 4-PDT can overcome the resistance afforded by either Bcl-2 or the two mutants. PDT regimens that photodamage Bcl-2 lead to activation of Bax, induction of apoptosis and elimination of the otherwise resistant tumor cells.
Gliogenesis in the central nervous system.

Multipotential neuroepithelial stem cells are thought to give rise to all the differentiated cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The developmental potential of these multipotent stem cells becomes more restricted as they differentiate into progressively more committed cells and ultimately into mature neurons and glia. In studying gliogenesis, the optic nerve and spinal cord have become invaluable models and the progressive stages of differentiation are being clarified. Multiple classes of glial precursors termed glial restricted precursors (GRP), oligospheres, oligodendrocyte-type2 astrocyte (O-2A) and astrocyte precursor cells (APC) have been identified. Similar classes of precursor cells can be isolated from human neural stem cell cultures and from embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures providing a non-fetal source of such cells. In this review, we discuss gliogenesis, glial stem cells, putative relationships of these cells to each other, factors implicated in gliogenesis, and therapeutic applications of glial precursors.
Forward modeling corona growth in a partially eclogitized leucogabbro, Bourbon Island, North-East Greenland

Abstract Coronitic textures are common in partially eclogitized igneous bodies, such as gabbros, leucogabbros, and anorthosites, east of the Germania Land Deformation Zone in North-East Greenland. Coronas formed by prograde metamorphic processes that transformed the gabbroic bodies to eclogite facies, and record frozen stages of the prograde metamorphic evolution of these rocks. A metaleucogabbro-norite body on Bourbon Island in Jokelbugt is characterized by three concentric areas: a coronitic core, a mottled inner rim with areas of completely eclogitized material surrounded by a matrix of coronitic metaleucogabbro, and an outer rim of strongly foliated and completely retrogressed amphibolite. The Bourbon body preserves four stages of the prograde metamorphic history: Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Eclogite Stage. Stage I coronas are found only in the core of the body, which is the least reacted part of the leucogabbro-norite and the closest to the protolith, and is characterized by the corona sequence Plrim/Grt + Kfs + Amp/Grt + Amp/Cpxrim. The typical corona sequence for Stage II is Plrim/Grt + Pl + Zo/Cpxrim/Amprim. Stage III samples show a Plrim + Ky + Scp/Grt + Pl + Qtz/Qtz + Pl sequence, with the relict clinopyroxene being replaced in part by microcrystalline aggregates of Cpx + Amp + Pl. The Eclogite Stage shows relict Pl completely replaced by Grt, and the relict Cpx completely replaced by aggregates of Omp + Pl + Kfs + Amp. We tested open-system grain boundary diffusion (OSGBD) theories to model the prograde Stage I symplectitic coronas. The observed ratio of the thickness of the different layers is Plrim:Grt + Kfs + Amp:Grt + Amp:Cpxrim equal to 3:1.3:0.95:0.5. These ratios are very close to the modeled ones of 2.7:1.1:1:0.5. Furthermore, subtle textural changes within the Grt + Kfs + Amp corona were also reproduced by the model. The model gave us insight into the conditions of the metamorphic system in which the coronas formed. The sequence Plrim/Grt + Kfs + Amp/Grt + Amp/Cpxrim formed by diffusion driven reactions in an open system involving gain of Fe, K, and Na, and loss of Ca and Mg at the original clinopyroxene–plagioclase boundary. Relative mobilities of the different components within the corona layers were LMgMg > LAlAl > LSiSi > LCaCa > LKK > LFeFe > LNaNa. Fluid circulation was active to some degree during the transformation to eclogite. The differences between core, inner rim, and the two domains within the inner rim of the metaleucogabbro-norite can be explained by different degrees of fluid circulation in different portions of the rock. The presence of phases containing Cl and P, such as scapolite, in completely eclogitized samples supports the presence of fluid circulation in the system. Another possible explanation for the mottled appearance of the inner rim is protolith heterogeneity.
Johannes von Kries: A Bio-Bibliography

A short biography of Johannes von Kries (1853–1928), followed by a bibliography of his works, containing more than 70 previously unknown works.
Utility of Procedural Sedation as a Marker for Quality Assurance in Emergency Medicine

Abstract Background The Joint Commission requires health care organizations to monitor and evaluate procedural sedation. However, the utility of mandatory review of procedural sedation in evaluating health care quality is unknown. Objective To determine whether procedural sedation is a useful marker for evaluating error in the emergency department (ED). Methods We prospectively collected data for patients presenting to an urban, tertiary care, academic medical center ED between October 2013 and June 2015. We used an automated, electronic tracking system to identify patients who underwent procedural sedation. We randomly assigned cases to physician reviewers. Reviewers used a structured tool to determine the presence of error and adverse events. If a reviewer felt that the case had an error or adverse event, it was referred to a quality assurance (QA) committee, which made a final determination as to whether or not an error or adverse event occurred. Results There were 166 cases of procedural sedation reviewed. Two errors were identified, for an error rate of 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.003–0.043). Both errors occurred during the use of propofol to facilitate upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Neither error resulted in an adverse event. One adverse event was identified that was unrelated to physician error (0.6%; 95% CI 0.001–0.033). Conclusion Routine review of procedural sedation performed in the ED offers little advantage over existing QA markers. Directed review of high-risk cases, such as those involving endoscopy or other longer-duration procedures, may be more useful. Future studies focusing quality review on projected high-risk sedation cases may establish more valuable markers for QA review.
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT MORTALITY HAS DECLINED STEEPLY AND IS CURRENTLY SIMILAR TO THE MORTALITY OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Patient selection and mortality of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are influenced by physician and patient characteristics as well as by clinical trial results, clinical guidelines, regulatory requirements, and reimbursement rates. Using the
In-Vitro Chlamydospore Formation by Cryptoporus Volvatus

(1980). In-Vitro Chlamydospore Formation by Cryptoporus Volvatus. Mycologia: Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 1026-1030.
A Clinical Comparison of Cinoxacin and Nalidixic Acid in The Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection

AbstractIn a single blind clinical study of 50 patients with urinary tract infections 250mg. Cinoxacin were compared to1 gm. nalidixic acid 4 times daily. Both drugs produced similar improvement in symptomatic response during therapy and were equally effective in eradicating the causative pathogens. In the 5 to 9-day post-therapy followup 4 patients from the Cinoxacin group became reinfected compared to 1 from the nalidixic acid group. Side effects were reported by twice as many patients in the nalidixic acid group. It is concluded that Cinoxacin is an effective drug for thetreatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation: Results of a Statewide Random-Controlled Evaluation.

Objective Despite recent federal recommendations calling for increased funding for early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) as a means to decrease preschool expulsions, no randomized-controlled evaluations of this form of intervention have been reported in the scientific literature. This study is the first attempt to isolate the effects of ECMHC for enhancing classroom quality, decreasing teacher-rated behavior problems, and decreasing the likelihood of expulsion in targeted children in early childhood classrooms. Method The sample consisted of 176 target children (3–4 years old) and 88 preschool classrooms and teachers randomly assigned to receive ECMHC through Connecticut's statewide Early Childhood Consultation Partnership (ECCP) or waitlist control treatment. Before randomization, teachers selected 2 target children in each classroom whose behaviors most prompted the request for ECCP. Evaluation measurements were collected before and after treatment, and child behavior and social skills and overall quality of the childcare environment were assessed. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate the effectiveness of ECCP and to account for the nested structure of the study design. Results Children who received ECCP had significantly lower ratings of hyperactivity, restlessness, externalizing behaviors, problem behaviors, and total problems compared with children in the control group even after controlling for gender and pretest scores. No effects were found on likelihood of expulsion and quality of childcare environment. Conclusion ECCP resulted in significant decreases across several domains of teacher-rated externalizing and problem behaviors and is a viable and potentially cost-effective means for infusing mental health services into early childhood settings. Clinical and policy implications for ECMHC are discussed.
School Information and Communication Technology in Developing Countries: Essential Considerations for Improvement

In developing nations, such as many in Africa, providing teachers, students and other school personnel with ade­quate access to Information and Communications Technology (ICT) remains a daunting task for schools and education supervising/controlling agencies, such as school boards, school districts, Ministries of Education, etc. Although a relatively small portion of total school funding, ICT money is difficult to find and prevailing budget practices in developing countries make necessary changes even more difficult to accomplish. Finding innovative ways to plan, budget, and fund new and existing ICT infrastructure or redirect existing funds into new endeavors remain a daunting challenge to school personnel, especially at a time when new resources for schools appear to be limited. This article discusses considerations teachers and other school personnel, especially in developing nations such as those in Africa, should make regarding planning, budgeting and funding ICT in order to improve teaching and learning in the 21 st century environment.
IMPORTANCE OF DOUBLE BRAGG REFLECTIONS IN THE SMALL ANGLE SCATTERING FROM CARBON

It is now known that double Bragg reflections can produce a small angle intensity in powder samples, and that for cold worked metals this is the major source of the small angle scattering. Intensity measurements in absolute units (electron units per atom) have been made for a sample of commercial graphite ρ = 1.60, and a carbon black (Spheron 6) heat treated 2 hours at 1500°C. The measured intensities are too large by at least two orders of magnitude to be explained by double Bragg reflection. For carbon the classical interpretation in terms of density variations is still correct.
Exploring Human Body Communications for IoT Enabled Ambulatory Health Monitoring Systems

Increasing market demand for high performance and portable computing devices requires energy efficient devices. When a network of devices is considered, as in the case of the Internet of Things, it is important to consider low power design at the sensor/actuator level as well as in the sensor network. Human body communication has proven to be an efficient mode of communication for near field body sensor network applications. In this paper we propose an architecture for an ambulatory health monitoring system using a body coupled communication channel. The proposed architecture can be used for smart health monitoring as part of the Internet of Things. The design was validated using Simulink. A 31% power reduction was observed in the proposed monitoring system when human body communication was used.
The free hormone hypothesis: Correlation of decreases in PSA with free testosterone rather than total testosterone in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with GTx-758.

e16015 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves disease-free survival but disease progression is related, in part, to ineffective castration. The free hormone hypothesis states that ...
Reactivity of Triplet Excited States of Dissolved Natural Organic Matter in Stormflow from Mixed-Use Watersheds

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and composition control the rate of formation (Rf,T) of triplet excited states of dissolved natural organic matter (3DOM*) and the efficiency of 3DOM* formation (the apparent quantum yield, AQYT). Here, the reactivity of 3DOM* in stormflow samples collected from watersheds with variable land covers is examined. Stormflow DOM reflects variability in DOM quantity and composition as a function of land cover and may be important in controlling the fate of cotransported pollutants. Rf,T and AQYT were measured using 2,4,6-trimethylphenol in stormflow samples under simulated sunlight. The DOM source and composition was characterized using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopies and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Rf,T and the total rate of light absorption by the water samples (Ra) increased with the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. AQYT was independent of DOC concentration, but varied with DOM source: developed land cover (4–6%) ≈ open water > vegetated...
Robust planning of dynamic wireless charging infrastructure for battery electric buses

Abstract Battery electric buses with zero tailpipe emissions have great potential in improving environmental sustainability and livability of urban areas. However, the problems of high cost and limited range associated with on-board batteries have substantially limited the popularity of battery electric buses. The technology of dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT), which provides bus operators with the ability to charge buses while in motion, may be able to effectively alleviate the drawbacks of electric buses. In this paper, we address the problem of simultaneously selecting the optimal location of the DWPT facilities and designing the optimal battery sizes of electric buses for a DWPT electric bus system. The problem is first constructed as a deterministic model in which the uncertainty of energy consumption and travel time of electric buses is ignored. The methodology of robust optimization (RO) is then adopted to address the uncertainty of energy consumption and travel time. The affinely adjustable robust counterpart (AARC) of the deterministic model is developed, and its equivalent tractable mathematical programming is derived. Both the deterministic model and the robust model are demonstrated with a real-world bus system. The results demonstrate that the proposed deterministic model can effectively determine the allocation of DWPT facilities and the battery sizes of electric buses for a DWPT electric bus system; and the robust model can further provide optimal designs that are robust against the uncertainty of energy consumption and travel time for electric buses.
Hotelling’s \(T^2\) Test

The Hotelling’s \(T^2\) test is used to test \(H_0: {\varvec{\mu }}= {\varvec{\mu }}_0\) when there is one sample, and \(H_0: {\varvec{\mu }}_1 = {\varvec{\mu }}_2\) when there are two samples. Other applications include the multivariate matched pairs test and a test in the repeated measurements setting. These tests are robust to nonnormality.
Patient-perceived family stigma of type 2 diabetes and its consequences.

INTRODUCTION Adults with type two diabetes (T2D) report being monitored and judged by family members, contributing to feelings of guilt/shame, and attempts to conceal one's diabetes status or self-care efforts. However, studies have not yet quantitatively examined T2D stigma from family members. Our objective was to assess the frequency of T2D family stigma and its association with helpful and harmful diabetes-specific family behaviors and psychological and behavioral consequences of stigma. METHOD A sample of predominantly African-American adults with T2D and low income completed items written for this study to assess T2D family stigma and consequences of stigma. We explored frequencies and bivariate correlations between these constructs and diabetes-specific family behaviors (measured with the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist-II). RESULTS Participants (N = 53) were 57.3 ± 8.7 years old, 70% African American, 96% had annual incomes <$20K, and average HbA1C was 8.0 ± 2.2%. More than half (57%) reported at least 1 experience of family stigma (1.26 ± 1.8 of 9 queried, α = .84), and 28% reported at least 1 consequence (0.6 ± 1.3 of 5 queried, α = .87). Reporting more family stigma was associated with more consequences (ρ = .52, p < .001) but not with helpful or harmful family behaviors. DISCUSSION Perceptions/experiences of T2D-related family stigma were common in our sample and associated with consequences of stigma including concealment and resentment of self-care, which may affect clinical outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
Comparative study of the effects of three tunneling methods on ground movements in stiff clay

Abstract This paper interprets ground movements induced by tunnel construction, by comparing monitoring data with analytical and numerical predictions based on an assumed set of deformation parameters at the cavity boundary. By minimizing differences between the computed and measured ground movements, optimal cavity deformation parameters can then be used to characterize the performance of the tunneling process. We compare the performance of three tunnel construction methods in stiff clay: (i) closed-face excavation using an Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunnel boring machine; (ii) open-face shield excavation; and (iii) sequential construction using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). The measured data were obtained from three projects in London each involving different tunnel size and depth, but all excavated through deep units of stiff London clay. The measured performance in each case is evaluated using analytical solutions, that assume linear elastic properties for an elastic half-space, and numerical simulations that use an effective stress soil model, MIT-S1, with input parameters calibrated to elemental behavior of the London Clay. Although the numerical analyses achieve better agreement with the measured data, the analytical solutions perform well and could be used in future studies. The results indicate that the closed-face tunneling provided the best control of volume loss, while open-face shield excavation caused the largest ovalization of the tunnel cavity. The proposed methodology offers a practical framework for cataloging and comparing tunnel performance in future projects.
Small Resource Integration Challenges for Large-Scale SCUC

Recent regulatory initiatives, technological advancements, and public policies such as New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision (REV) and California’s Energy Storage Mandate have incentivized the development of smaller, cleaner, and more distributed energy resources. As part of the day-ahead market clearing process, the ISOs/RTOs today have to solve more computationally intensive mixed integer programming (MIP)-based security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) models to accommodate these small-scale resources within a short time window. This chapter will discuss the MIP solution performance challenges in dealing with the increasing penetration of small resources in the ISO/RTO day-ahead market in terms of both practicality and theory aspects.
Optimal cone singularities for conformal flattening

Angle-preserving or conformal surface parameterization has proven to be a powerful tool across applications ranging from geometry processing, to digital manufacturing, to machine learning, yet conformal maps can still suffer from severe area distortion. Cone singularities provide a way to mitigate this distortion, but finding the best configuration of cones is notoriously difficult. This paper develops a strategy that is globally optimal in the sense that it minimizes total area distortion among all possible cone configurations (number, placement, and size) that have no more than a fixed total cone angle. A key insight is that, for the purpose of optimization, one should not work directly with curvature measures (which naturally represent cone configurations), but can instead apply Fenchel-Rockafellar duality to obtain a formulation involving only ordinary functions. The result is a convex optimization problem, which can be solved via a sequence of sparse linear systems easily built from the usual cotangent Laplacian. The method supports user-defined notions of importance, constraints on cone angles (e.g., positive, or within a given range), and sophisticated boundary conditions (e.g., convex, or polygonal). We compare our approach to previous techniques on a variety of challenging models, often achieving dramatically lower distortion, and demonstrating that global optimality leads to extreme robustness in the presence of noise or poor discretization.
Urinary tract infections in children with posterior urethral valves after kidney transplantation.

AbstractThe records of 14 boys with posterior urethral valves who had renal failure and subsequently underwent renal transplantation were reviewed to determine the postoperative incidence of urinary tract infection relative to that of 29 male transplant children without valves, who served as controls. There were no significant differences between the posterior urethral valve patients and controls with regard to age, donor source, immunosuppression, followup after transplantation or mean calculated creatinine clearance. Vesicoureteral reflux was found in 1 child with posterior urethral valves and 3 of the children in the control group (p not significant). A total of 15 urinary tract infections occurred in 5 children (36%) with posterior urethral valves, for a rate of 1 per 30 patient-months of followup, and 6 urinary tract infections occurred in 2 controls (7%), for a rate of 1 per 216 patient-months of followup (p <0.05). However, only 1 of 26 controls (4%) without vesicoureteral reflux had urinary tract ...
Phosphorylation of AKT kinase substrates to predict response to the AKT inhibitor MK2206 in the I-SPY 2 trial in both HER2- and HER2+ patients.

12099Background: In the I-SPY 2 TRIAL, the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK2206 was available to all HR/HER2 subtypes and graduated in the HR-/HER2+ signature. Qualifying biomarker analysis was performe...
Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis

This chapter on evaluation and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) allows the provider to be confident in their assessment and resuscitation of this potentially critically ill patient. The total fluid deficit equation and recommendations on rehydration are Quick Hits that will save lives.
Longitudinal assessment of exercise capacity and quality of life outcome measures in cystic fibrosis: A year-long prospective pilot study.

Background Multiple outcomes measures including exercise capacity and quality of life are necessary to get complete and accurate picture of cystic fibrosis (CF) progression. In this pilot study, we investigated these measures in CF longitudinally for a year to determine (a) minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and CF Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQ-R) domains and (b) how 6MWD, CFQ-R, and spirometry change during times of exacerbation and baseline health and their relationship among each other. Methods Subjects with moderate and severe CF (baseline FEV1 less than 70% predicted) at Akron Children's Hospital CF centre were followed for a full year longitudinally. All three tests (6MWT, CFQ-R, and spirometry) were done during each outpatient visit and weekly during inpatient admission. MCID was estimated for these parameters using distribution-based methods. Finally, data were examined visually using longitudinal graphs for each subject. Results Twelve CF subjects (eight [67%] males and age range 13-46 years) were followed for a full year resulting in at least four encounters per subject. 6MWD (m) and CFQ-R respiratory had an MCID of 33 m and 7.3, respectively. MCIDs for FEV1 (percentage predicted) and CFQ-R physical were 7.1 and 11.4, respectively. The longitudinal evaluation of multiple outcome measures during periods of disease exacerbation and baseline health showed that these parameters did not appear to change in accordance with each other. Conclusion In this pilot study, MCIDs for 6MWD and CFQ-R domains were calculated for the first time to facilitate their use as additional outcome measures in CF. The disparity among multiple outcome measures highlights that these measures together may provide a more complete picture in CF than any single measure alone.