cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection and Malperfusion Syndrome May Normalize Survival to that of Patients with Uncomplicated Type A Aortic Dissection

Objectives Malperfusion syndrome in the setting of acute Type A dissection (ATAD) is typically associated with poor prognosis. We evaluated the contemporary outcomes of patients with ATAD presenting with and without malperfusion syndrome who underwent aortic surgery. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective review of 103 consecutive patients that underwent surgery for ATAD. The cohort was dichotomized by patients with and without malperfusion syndromes. Multivariate and bivariate analyses were performed to evaluate association between the presence of malperfusion syndrome and operative outcomes. Results A total of 29 (28.1%) patients presented with malperfusion syndrome. The 30-day mortality for patients presenting with and without malperfusion was 13.7 and 9.4%, respectively (p = 0.49). Patients with malperfusion syndrome had a shorter mean admission-to-incision interval of 4.3 ± 2.5 hours compared with 6.3 ± 4.6 hours for those without malperfusion (p = 0.02). Difference in 30-day mortality for patients with and without malperfusion syndrome was found to be nonsignificant on multivariate regression analysis (odds ratio: 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.40–5.82, p = 0.49). Conclusions This series demonstrated that there was nonsignificant difference in early- or midterm outcomes for patients with and without malperfusion syndrome. Patients with malperfusion were taken to the operating room more rapidly than those without, which offers a potential explanation for the comparable outcome of the malperfusion cohort.
Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Inkjet-Printed Piezoelectric Array for Pressure Gradient Mapping

Inexpensive and flexible sensors are being designed as inkjet-printed circuits (iPCs) to solve a dynamic range of conditional issues in the biomedical, environmental, civil and industrial fields. The combination of print pattern, material choice and layering structure give iPCs a robust platform for developing products not attainable with printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, a fully printed pressure sensing array was created as a multipurpose device useful for pressure mapping applications; specifically for monitoring and mapping the gait of physically compromised hospital patients. The printed array of gate-less field effect transistors utilizes aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) as the semiconducting layer due to its piezoelectric properties. Testing shows single nodes in the array detect various levels of pressure, while the entire array acts as a pressure gradient map, depending on the circuit containment method. This paper is concluded with a discussion of testing and research for future applications.
Feminist Drift: Africa, Gender, and Ambivalent Histories of Human Rights Beyond the State

This essay takes up a brief, important moment in modern African history—1960, the crossroads of Independence movements across Africa and the nascent moment of UN/NGO development discourse around Human Rights and Africa—to think through the national, historical, ideological, academic, and institutional limits of the state and its role in feminist human rights critique. I read The Scar, a 1960, award-winning one act play from Kenyan author Rebecca Njau, as an early scene of ambivalence about feminist human rights, cultural nationalism, and their anticipated critiques. The play offers a theory of “drift”—a disengagement with binaries of national sovereignty and critiques of the Western universalism of human rights in favor of a feminist ethic of ambivalent institutional engagement. Njau’s focus on the simultaneously intimate yet public regulation of women’s bodies allows for distance and ambivalence as part of feminist human rights study beyond statist definitions of political action.
Devin Beauregard, Cultural Policy and Industries of Identity: Quebec, Scotland, & Catalonia

Devin Beauregard has written an important contribution to our understanding of cultural policy. His book focuses on subnations, that is, territories within states that are largely populated by “nat...
Effects of selenium supplementation on diet-induced obesity in mice with a disruption of the selenocysteine lyase gene

Abstract BACKGROUND The amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) is an integral part of selenoproteins, a class of proteins mostly involved in strong redox reactions. The enzyme Sec lyase (SCLY) decomposes Sec into selenide allowing for the recycling of the selenium (Se) atom via the selenoprotein synthesis machinery. We previously demonstrated that disruption of the Scly gene (Scly KO) in mice leads to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, with effects on glucose homeostasis, worsened by Se deficiency or a high-fat diet, and exacerbated in male mice. Our objective was to determine whether Se supplementation could ameliorate obesity and restore glucose homeostasis in the Scly KO mice. METHODS Three-weeks old male and female Scly KO mice were fed in separate experiments a diet containing 45 % kcal fat and either sodium selenite or a mixture of sodium selenite and selenomethionine (selenite/SeMet) at moderate (0.25 ppm) or high (0.5–1 ppm) levels for 9 weeks, and assessed for metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and expression of selenoproteins. RESULTS Se supplementation was unable to prevent obesity and elevated epididymal white adipose tissue weights in male Scly KO mice. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in Scly KO mice was unchanged regardless of sex or dietary Se intake; however, supplementation with a mixture of selenite/SeMet improved oxidative stress biomarkers in the male Scly KO mice. CONCLUSION These results unveil sex- and selenocompound-specific regulation of energy metabolism after the loss of Scly, pointing to a role of this enzyme in the control of whole-body energy metabolism regardless of Se levels.
Facilitators and challenges experienced by nursing homes enrolling in the CDC national health care safety network.

Background Standardized measurement of health care-associated infections is essential to improving nursing home (NH) resident safety, however voluntary enrollment of NHs in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) requires several steps. We sought to prospectively identify NH structural, process or staff characteristics that affect enrollment and data submission among a cohort of NHs receiving facilitated implementation. Methods The evaluation employed a mixed methods approach. The meta-theoretical Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to analyze reported facilitators and challenges. Primary and secondary outcomes were time to NHSN enrollment and data submission, respectively. Results Of 36 participating NHs, 27 (75%) completed NHSN enrollment and 21 (58%) submitted 1 or more months of infection data during the 8-month study period. Mean days to complete enrollment was 82 (standard deviation [SD] = 24, range = 51-139) and days to first data submission was 112 (SD = 45, range = 71-245). Characteristics of NH staff liaisons associated with shorter time to enrollment included infection prevention and control knowledge, personal confidence, and responsibility for infection prevention and control activities. Facility characteristics were not associated with outcomes. Discussion Time to NHSN enrollment and submission related more to characteristics of the person leading the process than to characteristics of the NH. Conclusions External partnerships that provide real-time support and resources are important assets in promoting successful NH participation in NHSN.
Nup84 persists within the nuclear envelope of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, during mitosis

The arrangement of the nuclear envelope in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, was previously undetermined. Here, we identified two conserved components of the nuclear envelope, a core nucleoporin, Nup84, and an inner nuclear membrane protein, Src1. Live-cell super-resolution structured illumination microscopy revealed that Nup84-tdTomato and Src1-EGFP colocalized within the nuclear envelope during interphase and that Nup84-tdTomato remained associated with the dividing nucleus. We also found that appressorium development involved a mitotic nuclear migration event through the germ tube.
Sialorrhea in Parkinson’s Disease

Sialorrhea, or excessive saliva beyond the margin of the lip, is a common problem in many neurological diseases. Previously, sialorrhea has been underrecognized in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Despite this, many patients rank sialorrhea as one of the most debilitating complaints of Parkinson's disease. Previous treatment for sialorrhea has been suboptimal and has been plagued by significant side effects that are bothersome and can be dangerous in patients with a concurrent neurodegenerative disease. This review sought to review the anatomy, function, and etiology of sialorrhea in PD. It then sought to examine the evidence for the different treatments of sialorrhea in PD, and further examined newer evidence for safety and efficacy in minimally invasive treatment such as botulinum toxin.
Enhancement of Pure Spin Currents in Spin Pumping Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 / Cu / Metal Trilayers through Spin Conductance Matching

Spin pumping is the process of generating spin currents used in spintronic devices such as ultrahigh density storage media. In this work, significantly improved transport efficiency of spin pumping is achieved in Y${}_{3}$Fe${}_{5}$O${}_{12}$-based heterostructures. This improvement can be understood in terms of spin conductance matching and offers the potential of reduced energy consumption in spintronic applications.
Disgust and untouchability: towards an affective theory of caste

The caste order – like all social hierarchies – structures emotions in particular ways, and in turn depends on emotions, thus structured, for its reproduction over time. In North Indian vernaculars...
The Past and Future of Procedure Scholarship

Written for a symposium honoring Steve Burbank’s contributions to procedure scholarship, this Essay takes Geoff Hazard’s monograph, Research in Civil Procedure, as its point of departure. Hazard was remarkably prescient in forecasting our modern predicament, posing timeless questions about the role of history and doctrine, the emphasis on normative claims and law reform, the centrality of legal theory, and the rise of empirical and other discipline-based scholarship. After surveying the challenges facing legal scholars, procedural and otherwise, the Essay concludes with a note of appreciation for Burbank’s ability to couple a command of doctrinal nuance with sophisticated empirics in crafting a powerful account of the variegated institutions of procedural law reform.
Melt Pool and Heat Treatment Optimization for the Fabrication of High-Strength and High-Toughness Additively Manufactured 4340 Steel

Additively manufactured (AM) components offer superior design flexibility compared to their conventionally manufactured counterparts and require process parameter optimization to achieve high-quality depositions with desirable and predictable mechanical properties. This study was focused on 4340 steel fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and 42 laser power and scan speed combinations have been systematically investigated to optimize the melt pool geometry and ensure fully dense parts. The AM material was compared with a wrought 4340 equivalent and studied in both as-fabricated and heat-treated conditions. Two heat treatments were designed and used to optimize the materials for strength and toughness, respectively. Microstructure, tensile, and fractographic studies were conducted to assess build integrity and establish processing–structure–performance relationships. Tensile properties of the AM materials in all studied conditions were equivalent or better than the comparable wrought materials. The high performance of the AM materials was attributed to the absence of both manganese sulfide inclusions and rolling-induced banding, typically found in the wrought materials. The fine cellular substructure is thought to additionally contribute to the high strength of the as-fabricated AM material. Complementary to the knowledge that has emerged from the experimental investigations, the dataset was further leveraged to make recommendations for future design of experiments to optimize AM build parameters in other material systems. A statistical Monte Carlo analysis was used to predict the interpolation error produced when using reduced datasets and to enable informed processing parameters selection. These findings are discussed to make recommendations for the use of AM materials for high-integrity structural applications.
Characterizing collaborative transcription regulation with a graph-based deep learning approach

Human epigenome and transcription activities have been characterized by a number of sequence-based deep learning approaches which only utilize the DNA sequences. However, transcription factors interact with each other, and their collaborative regulatory activities go beyond the linear DNA sequence. Therefore leveraging the informative 3D chromatin organization to investigate the collaborations among transcription factors is critical. We developed ECHO, a graph-based neural network, to predict chromatin features and characterize the collaboration among them by incorporating 3D chromatin organization from 200-bp high-resolution Micro-C contact maps. ECHO predicted 2,583 chromatin features with significantly higher average AUROC and AUPR than the best sequence-based model. We observed that chromatin contacts of different distances affected different types of chromatin features9 prediction in diverse ways, suggesting complex and divergent collaborative regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, ECHO was interpretable via gradient-based attribution methods. The attributions on chromatin contacts identify important contacts relevant to chromatin features. The attributions on DNA sequences identify TF binding motifs and TF collaborative binding. Furthermore, combining the attributions on contacts and sequences reveals important sequence patterns in the neighborhood which are relevant to target sequence9s chromatin feature prediction. The attribution results that reveal TF collaboration activities are provided on a website https://echo.dcmb.med.umich.edu/echo/.
When Low Tech Wins.

When Low Tech Wins Just as people with visual impairment may have heightened use of their other senses, for one physician in a safety-net system, a year of telephone care during the Covid-19 pandem...
The measurement properties of the Teaching Strategies GOLD® assessment system

Abstract The Teaching Strategies GOLD ® assessment system ( GOLD ® ) is a teacher rating system (authentic performance assessment) child observation tool designed to measure the on-going development and learning progress of children birth through kindergarten across various domains: social–emotional, physical, language, cognitive, literacy, mathematics, and English language acquisition. This article explores evidence for the reliability and validity of the information provided by GOLD ® using two national samples ( n 1 = 10,963, n 2 = 20,970). Support for the reliability and validity of scales scores based on teacher ratings is reported, including confirmatory factor analysis, classical and modern indexes of reliability, and inter-rater reliability statistics. In a separate study, concurrent validity was explored using a different sample of 3-and-4-year-olds ( n = 1241). Accounting for teacher ratings and clustering effects, moderate associations were found between GOLD ® scale scores and a direct assessment measure. Implications for teachers using the measure in the early childhood classroom and for future research are discussed.
A historical and philosophical outline and prospects for the application of biomaterials

The use of certain materials as constituents of surgical implants is not new. Substitutions of bone parts for repairing seriously damaged portions of the human body have been reported since the pre-Christian era. Either bronze or copper were then chiefly utilized, probably in circumstances requiring the assembly of fractured bone parts. In these cases the chances of successful results were good provided that the poisoning effect caused by an excess of Cu2+ ions circulating in the body was overcome once the copper piece had completely dissolved and the fractures were sutured.
1 New catalysts for controlled/living atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)

Abstract Controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) is one of the most rapidly developing areas of synthetic chemistry. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is the only catalyzed method among CRPs. It enables synthesis of many well-defined polymers with controlled topology, composition and functionality. The design of new more efficient catalyst is a key challeng for ATRP. Several parameters are important for optimization of the ATRP catalyst. They include the proper control of ATRP equilibrium by adjusting redox properties and halogenophilicity of the transition metal complexes, their solubility and partition in biphasic systems as well as recyclability of the complexes, as described in this review.
Strengthening army families: A family life cycle stage perspective

Abstract The Armed Forces have made a commitment to strengthening families in an effort to reduce the risk for families and to facilitate family adaptation to the strains and hardships of military life. However, research on enlisted families needed to guide the development of family programs is limited. Assuming critical family strengths may be observed in the context of family transitions, this study of 1,000 Army families faced with the crisis of family relocation to West Germany revealed the importance of Stressors and strains, family and personal strengths, and community supports — which varied across stages of the family life cycle. The findings highlight the importance of developing family programs tailored to meet the needs of families at the couple, preschool and schoolage, adolescent and launching, and empty nest stages of the family life cycle. Specific family strengths and community supports relative to family life cycle stages are identified.
The Lived Experience of Female Veterans Deployed to the Gulf War II.

PURPOSE The purpose of this inquiry is to discover the experiences of female veterans in order to understand the impacts of combat on their physical and mental health, and to shed light on directions for future research. The research question for this inquiry is: What is the lived experience of female combat veterans who deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan from 2001 through 2013? METHODS The methodology used in this qualitative inquiry is a descriptive phenomenological approach using Husserl's philosophical framework. Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. FINDINGS Analysis revealed seven themes: living in constant fear while deployed, combat has different meanings, bringing the war home, fear of being forever changed, disrespect from fellow military members, physical health-for better or worse, and combat has rewarding experiences. CONCLUSION Early detection and assessment is crucial to providing interventions to military veterans to reduce the invisible wound of war, posttraumatic stress disorder, and ultimately increase the quality of life.
Photodynamic treatment of neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in techniques and results.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of cancer treatment based on the selective accumulation of a photosensitizer (by exogenous or endogenous means) in neoplastic tissue. Subsequent activation of the photosensitizer by a specific wavelength of light results in tumor cell death. Activation of a photosensitizer to the appropriate energy state results in the production of singlet oxygen, a powerful oxidizing agent. PDT can kill cells by three mechanisms: direct cell death by photo-oxidation, apoptosis, or as a consequence of vascular shutdown. The toxicity of PDT is site specific and dependent on the organ being irradiated and the selectivity of the photosensitizer for target tissue over normal tissue. However, there are also reactions related to the sensitizer per se that are independent of those related to the treatment site. Such reactions include cutaneous photosensitization, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and altered liver 'function' tests. Excitation of photosensitizer by an incident photon produces re-emission of a fluorescent photon, which can be used to detect a tumor that is not ordinarily evident. The major limiting factor in using PDT is the depth of tumor kill. The majority of clinical experience involving PDT of the gastrointestinal tract involves patients who are considered to be poor operative risks, and reported follow-ups after treatment are not only limited but also variable.
Judging, Expertise, and the Rule of Law

Though we live in an era of hyper-specialization, the judiciary has for the most part remained the domain of generalists. Specialized courts exist, however, and commentators regularly claim that further judicial specialization is desirable or inevitable. Yet recent years have witnessed the beginning of a backlash against the increasing division of intellectual labor, such that it is appropriate to question the merits of judicial specialization. This article engages the existing literature on judicial specialization in two ways. First, by demonstrating that the question of judicial specialization is considerably more complex and contingent than is typically depicted. We must, for example, focus not merely on the content of decisions under the two regimes, but also on how the choice between them might affect decision-making styles and rule-of-law values. Second, by drawing on research into the psychology of expertise to investigate the claim that specialized courts and judges will, by virtue of their expertise, generate better decisions than generalists. That research suggests that claims for judicial expertise are overstated, and that expertise is likely instead to result in more modest, though still potentially significant, gains in decisional efficiency. In all, the article works away from, rather than toward, confident conclusions about the wisdom of judicial specialization.
The impact of linguistic and cultural congruity on persuasion by conversational agents

We present an empirical study on the impact of linguistic and cultural tailoring of a conversational agent on its ability to change user attitudes. We designed two bilingual (English and Spanish) conversational agents to resemble members of two distinct cultures (Anglo-American and Latino) and conducted the study with participants from the two corresponding populations. Our results show that cultural tailoring and participants' personality traits have a significant interaction effect on the agent's persuasiveness and perceived trustworthiness.
INFLUENCE OF GUINEA PIG PLASMA FACTORS ON PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PASTEURELLA PESTIS II. Plasma from Plague-Infected Guinea Pigs

Stanziale, W. G. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and J. D. White. Influence of guinea pig plasma factors on phagocytosis of Pasteurella pestis. II. Plasma from plague-infected guinea pigs. J. Bacteriol. 83:182–186. 1962.—The phagocytosis enhancing property of normal guinea pig plasma was altered during experimental plague infection. The most notable changes occurred in the plasma from afebrile, moribund animals and from those convalescing from acute infection. The plasma of the moribund guinea pigs, which was obtained 7 to 8 days after exposure to Pasteurella pestis, inhibited phagocytosis to a considerable degree. Plasma from convalescent guinea pigs enhanced phagocytosis to a higher degree than the plasma of normal animals. In contrast, plasma from recovered guinea pigs in which cultural or serological evidence of infection was not demonstrated enhanced phagocytosis to a degree equivalent to that of normal plasma. Plasma taken from guinea pigs during the febrile phase of plague infection enhanced phagocytosis to a lower degree than did normal plasma.
A parallel software development for watershed simulations

A watershed software application is designed to model a coupled system of multiple physics on multiple domains. Tremendous computational resources are required to integrate the system equations on large spatial domains with multiple temporal scales among them. Supported by the Department of Defense Common High Performance Computing Software Initiative, the parallel WASH123D software development aims to efficiently simulate one aspect (i.e., soil and land) of the battlespace environment. Currently, the coupled two-dimensional overland and three-dimensional subsurface flows have been completed. Different numerical approaches are implemented to solve different components of the coupled system. The parallelization of such a complex system is developed on an IT-based approach—modular, hierarchical model construction, portable, scalable, and embedded parallel computational tools development and integration. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the successful implementation of the parallel algorithms. Detailed profiling is also provided to show the imposed light-weight communication overhead.
Tracking Temporal Community Strength in Dynamic Networks

Community formation analysis of dynamic networks has been a hot topic in data mining which has attracted much attention. Recently, there are many studies which focus on discovering communities successively from consecutive snapshots by considering both the current and historical information. However, these methods cannot provide us with much historical or successive information related to the detected communities. Different from previous studies which focus on community detection in dynamic networks, we define a new problem of tracking the progression of the community strength—a novel measure that reflects the community robustness and coherence throughout the entire observation period. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel framework which formulates the problem as an optimization task. The proposed community strength analysis also provides foundation for a wide variety of related applications such as discovering how the strength of each detected community changes over the entire observation period. To demonstrate that the proposed method provides precise and meaningful evolutionary patterns of communities which are not directly obtainable from traditional methods, we perform extensive experimental studies on one synthetic and five real datasets: Social evolution, tweeting interaction, actor relationships, bibliography, and biological datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is highly effective in discovering the progression of community strengths and detecting interesting communities.
The changing intellectual climate of fisheries management

The management of commercial oceanic fisheries has provided a fertile field for the application of ecological principles. At least in theory, commercially exploited fish populations provide the applied ecologist with a readily obtainable data base (via records of landings and, sometimes, reproduction), an interesting intellectual challenge, and, most important, a rationale for exercising their craft. Clearly, if fisheries could be managed in such a way as to maximize catch while protecting spawning stocks, both fish and fishermen would benefit. Many investigators have believed that the discipline of ecology ought to be able to contribute to the rationale, and such a management scheme and such a theoretical rationale remain the holy grail of both fisheries scientists and ecologists interested in fisheries. At the risk of vastly simplifying a very complex subject, it is probably fair to give the following brief recent history of the dominant approaches to fisheries management in North America. A decade or two ago the major approach, at least in the texts, was based princi
Alternatives to Infrastructure Privatization Revisited : Public Enterprise Reform from the 1960s to the 1980s

Frustration with the performance of State-owned enterprises (SOEs) has led to two rounds of reform: the first round, from the 1960s through the 1980s, attempted to improve SOE performance while maintaining public ownership while the second, beginning in the late 1980s, viewed privatization as the answer. Interest in the earlier round of reform has increased recently as controversy has slowed or halted privatization in many countries, especially for SOEs providing infrastructure services that are basic to everyday life and are thought to have elements of monopoly. This paper reexamines the earlier round of reforms, focusing particularly on efforts to increase the firms' capacity with infusions of human and physical capital, to strengthen managerial incentives through performance contracts and corporatization and to alter the mix of political and economic forces that impinge on the firm by strengthening the involvement of taxpayers, customers or private investors. The review suggests that these earlier approaches generated only modest success but that some of them, selectively applied, may be helpful in improving the performance of infrastructure firms that remain in public hands.
Negative and positive cis-acting elements control the expression of murine alpha 1-protease inhibitor genes.

Abstract The alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) proteins of mice are encoded by a group of genes whose members are expressed coordinately in a liver-abundant pattern and are regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. To better understand the developmental and tissue-specific regulation of this gene family, one member that is analogous to the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene was chosen for study. Deletional analysis of the upstream regulatory region of this gene was performed, spanning from -10 kilobases to -80 base pairs relative to the transcriptional start site. Two functional positive cis-acting elements within the 522 bases immediately upstream of the start site for transcription were shown to modulate the level of expression from this promoter when introduced into human or mouse hepatoma cells, and a third region acted as a negative regulatory element in that its deletion resulted in a two- to sixfold increase of expression of a transfected minigene construct. Sequence comparison between the regulatory domains of two mouse alpha 1-PI genes and the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene showed that the mouse gene contains a novel positive cis-acting element which is absent in human gene and that a specific eight-base-pair difference between species results in a strong positive cis-acting element in the human gene acting as a negative element in the mouse gene. An enhancer located approximately 3,000 base pairs upstream of the major start site for transcription was also identified. This element is position and orientation independent. Several different DNA-protein binding assays were used to demonstrate that each DNA segment with functional significance in transfection assays interacts specifically with proteins found in adult mouse liver nuclei. The major positive-acting element appeared to be specifically recognized by nuclear proteins found only in tissues that express alpha 1-PI, while the negative element binding proteins were ubiquitous. Thus, the distal regulatory domain including bases -3500 to -133 of this murine alpha 1-PI gene family member is more complex than was previously demonstrated. It is composed of a set of at least three additional functional cis-acting regulatory elements besides those which have been mapped by others and has a far upstream enhancer.
Optimization of Out-of-Core Computations Using Chain Vectors

Over the last decade, processor speed has become significantly higher than memory and disk speeds. Therefore, exploiting the memory hierarchy has emerged as a key problem in parallel computing. An out-of-core computation is one which operates on disk-resident data. This paper uses the concept of chain vectors for tiling out-of-core codes. The theory of chain vectors is discussed and extended, and their relation to reuse vectors is established. Then, chain vectors are used to optimize the tile size, shape, allocation and scheduling for out-of-core codes.
Assessing the benefits of lipid-lowering therapy

Abstract In recent years, a substantial body of evidence has emerged to support the use of lipid-lowering therapy in the prevention of coronary artery disease, and many physician groups have endorsed the management of dyslipidemia in at-risk patients. An important consideration in such endorsements has been the issue of the safety of lipid intervention; many early primary- and secondary-prevention studies reported either no reduction in all-cause mortality rates or an increase in non–coronary artery disease mortality rates in treated patients. These observations raised serious concerns about the safety of such therapy. However, 2 landmark studies, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS), have contributed greatly to alleviating these concerns. In this article, a review of the epidemiologic evidence supporting the use of lipid modification will be presented, including important trials and meta-analyses, and the cost-effectiveness of lipid-modifying treatment will be discussed.
Localized double-array stacking analysis of PcP: D″ and ULVZ structure beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, central Pacific, and north Pacific

Abstract A large, high quality P-wave data set comprising short-period and broadband signals sampling four separate regions in the lowermost mantle beneath the Cocos plate, Mexico, the central Pacific, and the north Pacific is analyzed using regional one-dimensional double-array stacking and modelling with reflectivity synthetics. A data-screening criterion retains only events with stable PcP energy in the final data stacks used for modelling and interpretation. This significantly improves the signal stacks relative to including unscreened observations, allows confident alignment on the PcP arrival and allows tight bounds to be placed on P-wave velocity structure above the core–mantle boundary (CMB). The PcP reflections under the Cocos plate are well modelled without any ultra-low velocity zone from 5 to 20°N. At latitudes from 15 to 20°N, we find evidence for two P-wave velocity discontinuities in the D″ region. The first is ∼182 km above the CMB with a δln Vp of +1.5%, near the same depth as a weaker discontinuity (
Doppler-limited spectra of the CH bending overtone of fluoroform

Abstract The parallel ( A 1 ) and perpendicular ( E ) bands of the CH bending overtone, 2 ν 4 , of CHF 3 have been recorded at Doppler-limited resolution at room temperature using a difference-frequency laser spectrometer. The l = 0 component, 2 ν 4 0 ( A 1 ), and the l = +2 component, 2 ν 4 +2 ( E ) (accessed by Δ K = −1 transitions), are only weakly perturbed by a mutual l -type resonance near the K ′ = 31 and 33 levels, respectively; they can be fit to ≤0.0002 cm −1 , approaching the experimental precision. The 2 ν 4 −2 ( E ) component (accessed by Δ K = +1 transitions) is strongly perturbed, principally by anharmonic and Coriolis resonances with 2 ν 3 + ν 4 ±1 ( E ). This perturbing state, though not observed directly, can be well specified by its influence on 2 ν 4 −2 . Additional localized resonances, arising from a multitude of possible combinations of lower frequency vibrations, are alos observed in the high K levels of 2 ν 4 −2 . These increase the rms deviation of the fit to the Δ K = +1 transitions, but a reliable set of deperturbed constants can be obtained by judicious selection of the data.
Protein Structure Prediction and Its Understanding Based on Machine Learning Methods

Understanding protein structures is vital to determining the function of a protein and its interaction with DNA, RNA and enzyme. The information about its conformation can provide essential information for drug design and protein engineering. While there are over a million known protein sequences, only a limited number of protein structures are experimentally determined. Hence, prediction of protein structures from protein sequences using computer programs is an important step to unveil proteins' three dimensional conformation and functions. As a result, prediction of protein structures has profound theoretical and practical influence over biological study. The explanation of how a decision is made during prediction is also important for improving protein structure prediction and guiding the "wet experiments". In this talk, we will show how to use machine learning methods to improve the accuracy of protein structure prediction and to interpret prediction results. We will report our research on using neural networks, support vector machines combined with decision tree and association rule for protein structure prediction, rule extraction and prediction interpretation. Evaluation and comparisons of various prediction and rule extraction systems will be presented and future research direction in this area will also be identified.
Commentary: Matching the Forum to the Fuss: Using Coorientation Contexts to Address the Paradox of Public Participation in Natural Resource Management

Public participation in natural resource management has been described as paradoxical: citizens want the best science to guide natural resource management decisions, but not to the exclusion of the...
The influence of environmental temperature on the plasma proteins of domestic fowl.

Abstract VARIOUS hormones such as thyroxine, corticoids and perhaps insulin circulate in the blood stream bound to certain fractions of the plasma proteins. However, the factors which regulate the concentration of plasma proteins are not clearly understood. There is evidence that various physiological, pathological and environmental factors are involved. Gordon et al. (1952) reported that the thyroid hormones are carried in the blood stream bound to a specific protein. Skin irritants, certain poisons, hemorrhage, fractures of bones and injury cause an increase in the protein globulins of humans (Putnam, 1960). Changes in body temperature may cause a shift in tissue fluids and thus cause a change in the concentration of plasma proteins (Sturkie, 1965). Globulins are associated with the production of antibodies. Chickens are good producers of antibodies and this is related to the higher ratio of globulins to albumen in chicken blood (Wolfe et al, 1957). It is generally accepted…
Selective Processing in Encoding and Memory: An Analysis of Resource Allocation by Kindergarten Children.

Abstract This study investigated the extent to which kindergarten children (mean age 5.8 years) allocate their processing resources selectively to the relevant components of a visual array. On each trial the child was presented with an array containing either one, two, or four items, and a verbal cue designating either one, two, or four of these items as relevant. For different groups of children the cue occurred either before or after the stimulus array, in order to investigate the stages of processing at which kindergarteners are able to initiate selection. The results indicated that kindergarteners are able to exert considerable control over the allocation of resources during the initial perceptual processing of a visual stimulus, but they have only limited ability to initiate such selective allocation in memory, after initial encoding has taken place.
CT-guided Radiofrequency Ablation as a Salvage Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Hepatic Metastases Developing after Hepatectomy

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLMs) that recur after hepatectomy. Materials and Methods From December 2002 to December 2008, 71 CLMs that developed after hepatectomy were ablated in 56 patients. Medical records and imaging were reviewed to determine technique effectiveness/complete ablation (ie, ablation defect covering the entire tumor on 4–6-week postablation computed tomography [CT]), complications, and local tumor progression (LTP) at the site of ablation. LTP-free and overall survival were calculated by using Kaplan–Meier methodology. A modified clinical risk score (CRS) including nodal status of the primary tumor, time interval between diagnoses of the primary tumor and liver metastases, number of tumors, and size of the largest tumor was assessed for its effect on overall survival and LTP. Results Tumor size ranged between 0.5 and 5.7 cm. Complete ablation was documented in 67 of 71 cases (94%). Complications included liver abscess (n = 1) and pleural effusion (n = 1). Median overall survival time was 31 months. One-, 2- and 3-year overall survival rates were 91%, 66%, and 41%, respectively. CRS was an independent factor for overall survival (74% for CRS of 0–2 vs 42% for CRS of 3–4 at 2 y; P = .03) and for LTP-free survival (66% for CRS of 0–2 vs 22% for CRS of 3–4 at 1 y after a single ablation; P Conclusions CT-guided RF ablation can be used to treat recurrent CLM after hepatectomy. A low CRS is associated with better clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of tuber traits of 10,2x(2EBN) wild species through haploid × wild species hybrids

The wild species of potato do not tuberize under long day conditions making evaluation of their tuber characteristics difficult. HaploidTuberosum × wild species hybrids provide a means of evaluating the tuber characteristics of the 2x, wild species. Seventy-eight haploid × wild species hybrid families were evaluated for yield, specific gravity, percent tuberization per family, general tuber appearance, number of tubers per hill, and dormancy. The wild species parents wereS. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. gourlayi, S. infundibuliforme, S. kurtzianum, S. multidissectum, S. sparsipilum, S. spegazzinii, S. vernei, andS. verrucosum. Variation existed for all traits examined. Percent tuberization per family was greater than 50% in 72 of the families supporting the use of haploids to capture species germplasm for maintenance and evaluation. The mean specific gravity for all hybrids with each of seven species as a parent was greater than 1.085 (acceptable processing level). The analysis of variance for yield indicated that the effect of species parent was significant while the effect of haploids was not. Thirty-eight percent (608 of 1623) of the hybrids which tuberized had eight or more tubers per hill which would allow for further replicated evaluation at multiple locations. Dormancy ranged from 83 to 270 days post-harvest facilitating selection of clones suited to a variety of culture and storage conditions.
Reaktions‐Diffusions‐Systeme für intrazellulären Transport und Kontrolle

Chemische Reaktionen konnen Zellen nur am Leben erhalten, wenn die beteiligten Verbindungen an den erforderlichen Stellen zeitlich prazise angeliefert werden. Die meisten Forschungen haben sich bislang auf aktive Transportmechanismen konzentriert, obwohl die passive Diffusion oft gleich schnell ist und weniger Energie erfordert. Um die Vorteile dieser Transportform zu nutzen, haben die Zellen ausgeklugelte Reaktions-Diffusions(RD)-Systeme entwickelt, die zahlreiche zellulare Funktionen kontrollieren – von Chemotaxis und Zellteilung uber Signalkaskaden und -oszillationen bis hin zur Zellbeweglichkeit. Diese nur scheinbar unterschiedlichen Systeme sind nach allgemeinen Prinzipien aufgebaut und haben viele Gemeinsamkeiten. Wiederkehrende Elemente sind nichtlineare Kinetik, Autokatalyse und Ruckkopplungsschleifen. Um die Funktion dieser komplexen (bio)chemischen Systeme zu verstehen, muss man die Transportkinetik-Gleichungen analysieren oder die charakteristischen Zeiten der Teilprozesse zumindest qualitativ betrachten. Wahrend wir Beispiele fur zellulare RD-Systeme vorstellen, versuchen wir daher auch, den Leser mit den theoretischen Grundlagen der RD-Phanomene vertraut zu machen.
Three-dimensional locations of gold-labeled proteins in a whole mount eukaryotic cell obtained with 3nm precision using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) maps of proteins within the context of whole cells are important for investigating cellular function. However, 3D reconstructions of whole cells are challenging to obtain using conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We describe a methodology to determine the 3D locations of proteins labeled with gold nanoparticles on whole eukaryotic cells. The epidermal growth factor receptors on COS7 cells were labeled with gold nanoparticles, and critical-point dried whole-mount cell samples were prepared. 3D focal series were obtained with aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), without tilting the specimen. The axial resolution was improved with deconvolution. The vertical locations of the nanoparticles in a whole-mount cell were determined with a precision of 3 nm. From the analysis of the variation of the axial positions of the labels we concluded that the cellular surface was ruffled. To achieve sufficient stability of the sample under electron beam irradiation during the recording of the focal series, the sample was carbon coated. A quantitative method was developed to analyze the stability of the ultrastructure after electron beam irradiation using TEM. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using aberration-corrected STEM to study the 3D nanoparticle distribution in whole cells.
Studies on the mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation IV. A factor for coupled oxidation in the electron transport particle

A procedure is described for the separation of the electron transport particle, ETPH, into two components, one a non-phosphorylating ETPH, the other a soluble protein. From these in the presence of Mg++ the phosphorylating system can be re-constituted; the maximum P/O ratios are respectively 1.0 and 0.6 for DPNH and succinate as substrates. The non-phosphorylating ETPH and the protein factor appear to be firmly bound together by Mg++.
Embedded-bound method for estimating the change in bulk modulus under either fluid or solid substitution

ABSTRACTFluid and solid substitution of bulk modulus are exact and unique for materials whose elastic bulk and/or shear moduli fall on the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. For materials whose moduli lie between the bounds, solid and fluid substitution of bulk moduli can be computed exactly, but not uniquely. Every initial bulk modulus can be realized with an infinite number of microstructures and therefore transform to an infinite number of moduli upon substitution of the pore fill. This nonuniqueness arises when detailed information on the material pore geometry is not available. We evaluated four embedded-bound constructions for fluid and solid substitution that were based on realizable materials. In the limiting case of pore fluids, two of these constructions reduced to the bounds of Gibiansky and Torquato, which illustrated that those bounds were optimum. For solids, the first two constructions corresponded to a homogeneous pore stiffness and predicted the smallest change in modulus. The third construction pr...
Switchable optical frequency comb in aluminum nitride microring resonator

Aluminum nitride is a promising nonlinear optical material with its strong Kerr and Pockels effects. Here we report optical frequency comb generation from aluminum nitride microring resonators and electrical switching of the comb.