cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cardioselective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade on the performance of highly trained runners.

Abstract Twenty-five highly trained runners with a maximal oxygen uptake (V0 2 Max) of 64.7 ± 4.3 mi · kg −1 · min −1 were administered clinically equivalent doses of a nonselective (propranolol) and a cardioselective (atenolol) β-blocking agent as well as a placebo. The subjects performed a horizontal treadmill test on the eighth day and a 10-km track race on the tenth day of each treatment. Beta blockade decreased submaximal heart rate and propranolol caused the largest decrease. Beta blockade caused a decrease in maximal heart rate, V0 2 Max, maximal ventilation, maximal respiratory exchange ratio and treadmill time. Propranolol caused a greater decrease than atenolol in each of these values. The 10-km race times were significantly slower during β blockade, and propranolol race times were significantly slower than atenolol race times. It is concluded that the performance of highly trained distance runners is significantly altered by β-adrenergic blockade and that nonselective agents reduce performance to a greater extent than cardioselective agents.
Effects of subcutaneous and intravenous golimumab on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a phase 1, randomized, open-label trial

Objective. To evaluate the effects of the anti-TNF-a monoclonal antibody golimumab, administered by s.c. injection or i.v. infusion, on markers of inflammation in patients with RA. Methods. In this phase 1, open-label study, patients with active RA were randomized to receive s.c. golimumab 100 mg at baseline and every 4 weeks through week 20 (n = 33; group 1) or i.v. golimumab 2 mg/kg at baseline and week 12 (n = 16; group 2). Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), TNF receptor II (TNFRII), MMP-3, hyaluronic acid, haptoglobin, ferritin and haemoglobin and serum/urine hepcidin were measured at various time points. Associations between the biomarkers were assessed with Spearman’s correlations. Results. In both groups 1 and 2, decreases in mean serum levels of CRP, IL-6, SAA, TNFRII, MMP-3, haptoglobin, ferritin and hepcidin, and mean urine levels of hepcidin occurred within 1 week and were sustained through week 8. Decreases in concentrations of serum CRP, IL-6, SAA, MMP-3, hepcidin, ferritin and haptoglobin and urine hepcidin were maintained through week 24 in group 1, but began to reverse after week 8 in group 2. Among all patients, decreases in serum hepcidin correlated significantly with decreases in serum CRP and ferritin. Conclusion. Decreases in serum and urine concentrations of markers of inflammation occurred as early as 24 h after treatment with golimumab, and most of these improvements were sustained through week 24 in group 1.
Escapement goal analysis and stock reconstruction of sockeye salmon populations (Oncorhynchus nerka) using life-history models

We compare life-history models with the Beverton–Holt approach of escapement goal analysis. We model the life history of a sockeye salmon (Onchorhynchus nerka) population from a spawning stage, through juvenile and adult stages, and ending with adults that return to spawn. We fit models to data by statistically comparing predicted and observed numbers of four dominant adult ages. Posterior estimates of parameters from Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations are then used to assess optimal harvest policies. We search for policies that produce the highest average yield. We find that it is possible to detect density dependence with a life-history model where analysis of Beverton–Holt stock–recruitment relationship fails to do so. We find that Beverton–Holt relationships produce policies and long-term yield estimates that are inconsistent with empirical trends. Conversely, we find that optimal spawning stock sizes and maximum sustained yield estimates using the life-history model estimate are consistent with the...
Effects of Linolenic Acid Deficiency on the Fatty Acid Patterns in Plasma and Liver Cholesteryl Esters, Triglycerides and Phospholipids in Female Rats

These experiments were performed to measure the effects of linolenate deficiency upon neutral lipids of plasma and liver, and to search for a metabolic interaction between dietary choline and linolenic acid. Rats were fed for two generations on a linolenic acid-deficient diet containing methyl linoleate as the only source of lipid. Control rats were supplemented with methyl linolenate. Second-generation linolenate-deficient rats and control rats were fed low-methionine, choline-deficient diets for 2 weeks. Half the animals in each group were given choline-supplemented diets. Plasma and liver total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and major phospholipid classes, and the fatty acids of these classes were measured. Linolenic acid deficiency reduced the concentrations of plasma triglycerides in both choline-deficient and choline-supplemented rats. Evidence for a metabolic interaction between choline and linolenic acid was not obtained because the rats responded very weakly to the choline deficiency. Linolenate deficiency reduced the proportions of n-3 fatty acids, particularly 22:6n-3, in all the lipids analyzed.
Strategies for a Successful PhD Program Words of Wisdom From the WJNR Editorial Board

Nursing doctoral programs prepare students for research-focused careers within academic settings. The purpose of this Editorial Board Special Article is to provide PhD students and advisors with suggestions for making the most of their doctoral experience. Editorial Board members provide their individual insights on the skills and attributes students must acquire during the course of their doctoral education in order to succeed. The authors provide practical tips and advice on how to excel in a PhD program, including how to select an advisor and a dissertation committee, the importance of attending conferences to increase visibility and develop a network of colleagues, presenting and publishing research while still a student, and balancing work and personal life. Students who take full advantage of the opportunities available to them during the course of their doctoral programs will graduate well prepared to take on the multiple responsibilities of research, teaching, and leadership.
Control and simulation of robotic swarms in heterogeneous environments

Simulation provides a low cost method of initial testing of control for robotic swarms. The expansion of robotic swarms to heterogeneous environments drives the need to model cooperative operation in those environments. The Autonomous Control Engineering center at The University of Texas at San Antonio is investigating methods of simulation techniques and simulation environments. This paper presents results from adapting simulation tools for diverse environments.
Giorgio Morandi tra psicoanalisi e critica d’arte

This study of Giorgio Morandi, the renowned 20th century Italian painter, begins with traditional applied analysis, relating his art to his life experience and his psychology. While this approach suggests that creating art was Morandi’s only significant outlet for personal feelings and fantasies, it is limited by a lack of biographical data. Consequently, I have adopted a second approach, as well, considering Morandi’s art as the visual equivalent of words from an analyst’s couch: I have noted my subjective responses and associations, comparing them with those of a consensus of art critics. From this perspective, I believe Morandi’s art demonstrates basic concepts of analytic process in a vivid and memorable way
An approach to reduce the Erlang C probability of the M/M/2 system

In this paper we describe an approach to improve the performance of the M/M/2 system by replacing its homogeneous servers with heterogeneous servers. Denoting by /spl beta/ the ratio of the slow service rate to the fast service rate, we show that there exists an interval of /spl beta/ within which the Erlang C probability is reduced and there exists an optimal load ratio at which the Erlang C probability reaches its minimum. Based on these results, we develop a strategy that controls the Erlang C probability. The principles presented in this paper are also applicable to reduce the Erlang B probability.
Preparedness and response new roles and responsibilities for IT

While historically focused on back office transactions, Information Technology and its ubiquitous presence are now part and parcel of the global business infrastructure and workflow processes. In an increasingly connected world, the need for seamless performance by technology, communication networks, databases and associated public and private processes is no longer a luxury, rather it is a necessity. As such preparedness and response, which at one time were viewed as a fringe roles for IT, is now the new mantra for success.
Evidence for Ah Receptor Mediation of Increased ACTH Concentrations in Primary Cultures of Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells Exposed to TCDD

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) has been shown to increase plasma ACTH concentrations in male Sprague–Dawley rats and in male rat primary anterior pituitary cell cultures. The present study examined whether the anterior pituitary effects observed after TCDD exposure are mediated via the Ah receptor (AhR). Primary anterior pituitary cell cultures were prepared from normal 180- to 220-g male rats and the cultures treated with α-naphthoflavone (ANF), an antagonist; β-naphthoflavone (BNF), an agonist; BNF + TCDD; 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB), which is known to bind to the AhR; and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB), which does not bind the AhR. Support for the TCDD–AhR-mediated increases in ACTH concentrations is provided by the following observations: (1) ANF inhibited both the 1.3- to 2-fold TCDD-induced increase in basal medium and intracellular ACTH concentrations and the 30% TCDD-induced decrease in medium ACTH levels and the 1.2-fold increase in intracellular ACTH levels in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-stimulated cells, (2) BNF increased basal medium (1.7-fold) and intracellular (1.3-fold) ACTH concentrations, (3) BNF + TCDD demonstrated additivity by increasing basal medium (2.4-fold) and intracellular (1.7-fold) ACTH concentrations, (4) PCB increased basal medium (1.8- to 2.1-fold) and intracellular (1.3- to 1.8-fold) ACTH concentrations and inhibited medium ACTH secretion in CRH stimulated cells by 24–43%, and (5) HCB did not effect basal or CRH stimulated medium and intracellular ACTH concentrations. From this study it appears that TCDD-induced changes in ACTH secretion and synthesis by cultured anterior pituitary cells is mediated through the Ah receptor.
An Open Ocean Trial of Controlled Upwelling Using Wave Pump Technology

In 1976, John D. Isaacs proposed to use wave energy to invert the density structure of the ocean and pump deep, nutrient-rich water into the sunlit surface layers. The basic principle is simple: a length of tubing attached to a surface buoy at the top, and a one-way valve at the bottom can be extended below the euphotic zone to act as a conduit for deep water. The vertical motion of the ocean forces the attached valve to open on the downslope of a wave and close on the upslope, thus generating upward movement of deep water to the surface ocean. Although Isaacs’s wave-powered pump has taken many forms, from energy production to aquaculture to the more recent suggestion that artificial upwelling could be used to stimulate primary productivity and carbon sequestration, the simple engineering concept remains the same. In June 2008, the authors tested a commercially available wave pump (Atmocean) north of Oahu, Hawaii, to assess the logistics of at-sea deployment and the durability of the equipment under open ocean conditions. This test was done as part of an experiment designed to evaluate a recently published hypothesis that upwelling of water containing excess phosphate (P) relative to nitrogen (N) compared to the canonical ‘‘Redfield’’ molar ratio of 16N:1P would generate a two-phased phytoplankton bloom. The end result of this field experiment was rapid delivery (,2 h for a 300-m transit) of deep water to the surface ocean followed by catastrophic failure of pump materials under the dynamic stresses of the oceanic environment. Wave-driven upwelling of cold water was documented for a period of ;17 h, with a volumetric upwelling rate of ;45 m 3 h 21 and an estimated total input of 765 m 3 of nutrient-enriched deep water. The authors discuss the deployment of a 300-m wave pump, the strategy to sample a biogeochemical response, the engineering challenges faced, and the implications of these results for future experiments aimed at stimulating the growth of phytoplankton.
Listeria monocytogenes and Severe Newborn Respiratory Failure Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Objective: To determine the efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in newborn infants with early-onset Listeria monocytogenes infection, necrotizing pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure. Design: Patient series. Setting: ECMO referral centers. Participants: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry database of patients supported with ECMO between 1975 and 1991. Intervention: ECMO. Measurements and Results: Nine neonates were identified who were supported with ECMO for severe respiratory failure associated with L monocytogenes infection. Microbiologic studies demonstrated L monocytogenes organisms in the blood of all infants, and pneumonia was diagnosed by roentgenogram and/or isolation of L monocytogenes organisms in tracheobronchial secretions. All infants experienced progressive respiratory deterioration by age 36 hours and were placed on venoarterial bypass by 96 hours, having met institution-based criteria predictive of 80% to 90% mortality. The duration of ECMO for patients with Listeria infection (median, 210 hours; range, 137 to 454 hours) was prolonged compared with the duration of ECMO for neonates in all other registry diagnostic categories (median, 114 hours; range, 1 to 744 hours; N=5146, P =.035). Six of the nine infants recovered completely. Conclusions: These data suggest that ECMO is efficacious in patients with severe respiratory failure secondary to Listeria sepsis. Prolonged time on bypass should be expected when Listeria sepsis is associated with severe necrotizing pneumonia. (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:513-517)
Effect of 8-azaguanine on the transition from vegetative growth to presporulation in Bacillus cereus.

Stahly, D. P. (University of Illinois, Urbana), V. R. Srinivasan, and H. Orin Halvorson. Effect of 8-azaguanine on the transition from vegetative growth to presporulation in Bacillus cereus. J. Bacteriol. 91:1875–1882. 1966.—The guanine analogue, 8-azaguanine (azaG), was found to inhibit sporulation of Bacillus cereus strain T when added to proliferating cells, but not to inhibit when added after the transition to presporulation. When azaG was added to vegetative cells, the growth rate was reduced, but no immediate bactericidal effect was demonstrated. Azaguanine was shown to be incorporated solely into ribonucleic acid (RNA). All of the natural purine bases and nucleosides were found to prevent azaG inhibition by blocking incorporation of the analogue into the RNA. Addition of a subinhibitory level of C14-azaG to proliferating cells resulted in an increase in incorporation paralleling the increase in number of cells. At the time of transition from growth to presporulation, a rapid removal of the azaG label from the cells occurred in the absence of net RNA breakdown. If differentiation was inhibited by increasing the concentration of azaG, then no expulsion took place. Instead, at the end of growth, net incorporation ceased, and a steady-state condition was established in which incorporation equaled breakdown. No azaG degradative enzymes are present in presporulating cells. The possibility is discussed that an increase in the ratio of natural purines to azaG occurred at the time of transition, and that the natural purine derivatives then were reincorporated into RNA preferentially to azaG. The data are consistent with the hypothesis than an increased rate of RNA turnover occurs at the time of transition from vegetative growth to presporulation. Addition of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 0.1 m) to azaG-inhibited vegetative cells caused reversal of inhibition, the reversal being accompanied by expulsion of the azaG. At least a partial explanation of this effect is that phosphate causes a decrease in the azaG intracellular pool size.
Flowering plant hosts of adult hymenopteran parasitoids of Central Illinois

We tabulated flowering plant species visited by 151 species of parasitic Hymenoptera. These data were extracted from records of C. Robertson who collected >15,000 insect visitors of flowering plants in central Illinois during a 33-yr period. Species diversity of parasitoids was highest on plant species of the Apiaceae and Asteraceae. The most abundant parasitoids were 2 tiphiid and a scoliid species. Parasitoid species in 6 dominant families (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Chrysididae, Tiphiidae, Pteromalidae, and Eucoilidae) showed similar preferences for 10 plant species. Most parasitoid species visited a limited range of host plants, which may have implications for conservation biological control and conservation biology.
It’s contagious: Rethinking a metaphor dialogically:

“Contagion” appears frequently in peer-reviewed articles and in popular media to explain the spread of ideas, feelings, and behaviors. In the context of social science, however, we argue that this ...
Wave Propagation in Structures

The present chapter is the culmination of the procedures developed thus far: It allows the analysis of complicated connected structures. In the previous chapters, the systems of equations were set up on an ad hoc basis. This is reasonable and efficient for simple connectivities but can begin to get unwieldy even in the straightforward example of the elastic joint. The only way to efficiently handle problems with complicated boundaries and discontinuities is to develop a matrix methodology. That is the purpose of this chapter.
Shrimp Commodity Systems Learning Lab

Appropriate for environmental sustainability or systems thinking courses. This Learning Lab offers a progression of interactive learning experiences for the purpose of building user understanding of the shrimp industry system, the issues it faces, and how policy alternatives may improve the industry's typical boom and bust patterns. There are two learning pathways in the Lab. The Systems Thinking Basics Course builds basic understanding of renewable commodity systems through a presentation of the most important interrelationships among consumer market demand, wild shrimp fisheries, shrimp aquaculture, environmental factors, and market price. Users experience the dynamics of the system utilizing various simulation runs involving a progression of common renewable commodity system issues: resource depletion and environmental pollution. The Policy and Scenarios Advance Course deepens students understanding of commodity systems behavior by testing policies designed to address commodity systems traps and with alternative scenarios dealing with market forces.
Razing the Forest to Kill a Tree: EEOC V. Abercrombie and Why the Supreme Court Must Continue to Place the Burden of Actual Notice on Applicants and Employees in Title VII Requests for Religious Accommodation

The Supreme Court must affirm the 10th Circuit’s holding in EEOC v. Abercrombie that job applicants are required to give notice to an employer of a possible inflexible religious exemption from a facially-neutral corporate policy before the employer has a duty to accommodate that applicant under Title VII. Requiring applicants to bear the burden of providing notice is the most workable standard available that best comports with the aims of Title VII and the Civil Rights Act. The “suspicion of a possible conflict” approach advocated by the EEOC and debated at oral argument would conflate correct guesswork with actual knowledge, foster uncertainty, lead to muddled and marginal corporate HR policies, link the religious practices of groups with those of individual applicants, force employers to educate themselves about various forms of religious garb in contradiction with established precedent, and possibly result in unintentional yet invidious discrimination based on inquiring employers engaging in stereotypes and misperceptions of certain dress articles. The “suspicion of a possible conflict” standard is simply not tenable in practice. By contrast, the current state of the law-requiring the applicant to notify the employer of an accommodation — is clear, coheres to EEOC directives, and provides real remedies for applicants who take the initiative to understand corporate policies and determine whether they conflict with their own personal beliefs. Rather than unfairly discriminating against applicants or in any way limiting Title VII’s effect, the notice requirement protects applicants from improper employer assumptions and provides a clear “trigger point” past which a bilateral dialogue on reasonable accommodations must start.
Notes, Mineral Discovery--Requisite or Relic

The statutory requirement of discovery of mineral in place to support a valid location under the federal mining law was recently described as "the most perplexing problem now facing the hard-metals mining industry in connection with locating unpatented mining claims." Difficulty has been encountered in accommodating the nineteenth century statute to present-day prospecting.Development of the problem has paralleled the advance in scientific exploration equipment and techniques and the increased effort and expense attending the location of valuable ore deposits. The postwar uranium prospecting race emphasized particularly the practical necessity for reevaluating the legal standards of discovery. While conditions pointing to a new look at the statute have rapidly expanded, only recently have appellate courts assessed discovery under the impact of modern prospecting methods. Related to the discovery question is the prospector's need for security of possession during his explorations but prior to an actual physical exposure of mineral within the confines of his intended claim. The effect of modem developments and possible alternatives to the requirement of discovery will be discussed to examine the usefulness of the concept in the face of current demands and conditions.
A MOTIF-BASED METHOD FOR PREDICTING INTERFACIAL RESIDUES IN BOTH THE RNA AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF PROTEIN-RNA COMPLEXES

Efforts to predict interfacial residues in protein-RNA complexes have largely focused on predicting RNA-binding residues in proteins. Computational methods for predicting protein-binding residues in RNA sequences, however, are a problem that has received relatively little attention to date. Although the value of sequence motifs for classifying and annotating protein sequences is well established, sequence motifs have not been widely applied to predicting interfacial residues in macromolecular complexes. Here, we propose a novel sequence motif-based method for "partner-specific" interfacial residue prediction. Given a specific protein-RNA pair, the goal is to simultaneously predict RNA binding residues in the protein sequence and protein-binding residues in the RNA sequence. In 5-fold cross validation experiments, our method, PS-PRIP, achieved 92% Specificity and 61% Sensitivity, with a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.58 in predicting RNA-binding sites in proteins. The method achieved 69% Specificity and 75% Sensitivity, but with a low MCC of 0.13 in predicting protein binding sites in RNAs. Similar performance results were obtained when PS-PRIP was tested on two independent "blind" datasets of experimentally validated protein- RNA interactions, suggesting the method should be widely applicable and valuable for identifying potential interfacial residues in protein-RNA complexes for which structural information is not available. The PS-PRIP webserver and datasets are available at: http://pridb.gdcb.iastate.edu/PSPRIP/.
Perception of Communicative and Non-communicative Motion-Defined Gestures in Parkinson's Disease.

OBJECTIVES: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with deficits in social cognition and visual perception, but little is known about how the disease affects perception of socially complex biological motion, specifically motion-defined communicative and non-communicative gestures. We predicted that individuals with PD would perform more poorly than normal control (NC) participants in discriminating between communicative and non-communicative gestures, and in describing communicative gestures. We related the results to the participants' gender, as there are gender differences in social cognition in PD. METHODS: The study included 23 individuals with PD (10 men) and 24 NC participants (10 men) matched for age and education level. Participants viewed point-light human figures that conveyed communicative and non-communicative gestures and were asked to describe each gesture while discriminating between the two gesture types. RESULTS: PD as a group were less accurate than NC in describing non-communicative but not communicative gestures. Men with PD were impaired in describing and discriminating between communicative as well as non-communicative gestures. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated PD-related impairments in perceiving and inferring the meaning of biological motion gestures. Men with PD may have particular difficulty in understanding the communicative gestures of others in interpersonal exchanges. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1-11). Language: en
Geographic Variation, Asymmetry, and Sexual Dimorphism of Nonmetric Characters in the Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Variation in 20 nonmetric traits of 531 Peromyscus maniculatus from six localities in cultivated and prairie habitats in northcentral Kansas was studied. Frequencies of all traits were examined for age, sex, and habitat dependencies, and asymmetry. Five traits were age-dependent, no traits exhibited directional asymmetry, two traits were influenced by habitat, and one trait was sexually dimorphic. Interpopulation differences in trait frequency were tested by use of the mean measure of divergence. All but two populations were statistically distinctive. Concordance between the phenetic distance among populations and the spatial proximity of populations was noted based on cluster analyses. Because the nonmetric characters examined may be adaptively neutral, frequency differences between populations may result from genetic drift, thus reflecting the extent to which separate populations are isolated breeding units. Nonmetric traits involving cranial foramina are easily scored and appear to be useful in understanding genetic divergence among populations of P. maniculatus . Although traits involving rates of bone ossification or fusions appear useful for detecting differences in habitat quality and reproductive rates among populations. Because of this, they represent potentially useful tools for systematists and in studies of geographic variation.
Surveillance of Measles in Jinniu District of Chengdu,2004-2010

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinniu district of Chengdu from 2004 to 2009.Methods Data of measles cases from national transmitted disease reporting system,specific measles surveillance reporting system and relative demographic factors were used to analyze the case distribution.Results Totally 439 cases with measles were laboratory and clinical diagnosed from 2004 to 2010.The epidemic of measles was mainly sporadic each year,and the incidence peaked during April to June.The incidence among floating population was increasing every year.Age distribution among cases was mainly in 8 month to 6 years group(48.06%,211/439),while cases under 8 months and above 14 years accounted for 16% and 36% respectively.At the mean time,polarization of age distribution was revealed year by year.Only 99 in 439 cases had exact immunization history,in which 98 were the local population.The incidence of measles increased from 2.17/105 in 2004 to 12.59/105,and decrease to 0.21/105 after the supplementary immunization in 2008.Conclusion The incidence of measles in Jinniu district of Chengdu from 2004 to 2010 showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the incidence mainteined at a low level after supplementary immunization.The use of vaccines to control the incidence of measles has notable effect.
Arctic energy image: hydrocarbon aesthetics of progress and form

ABSTRACTIn this article, I consider how modernization discourse on Arctic energy development is now taking shape through a visual aesthetic system. I focus on one advertising campaign promoted by the Norwegian consulting firm Reinertsen, whose visuals aim to transform technical knowledge of energy development into an experience of artistic appreciation. I apply academic perspectives on aesthetic experience to my analysis and contribute with statements I gathered during a two-hour conversation with Geir Suul, Managing Director of Reinertsen, which took place at the Reinertsen headquarters in Trondheim, Norway, January 2016. I frame this discussion within a broader argument of the conditions that give rise to an energy aesthetics regime wherein environmental risk is increasingly disguised through enrollment processes in place for engaging consumers emotionally through marketing techniques aimed at constructing capitalist desire.
MAJORITY CHOICE AND RELATED SYSTEMS

This chapter discusses the majority choice and related systems. As a system, majority rule is used in various types of collective choices. As a CCR, it satisfies the Pareto principles, unrestricted domain (condition U ), nondictatorship (condition U ), and independence of irrelevant alternatives (condition I ), neutrality (condition N ), anonymity (condition A ), positive responsiveness (condition S ), and several other appealing conditions. The MMD takes no account of intensities of preference, and it is certainly arguable that what matters is not merely the number who prefers x to y and the number who prefer y to x, but also by how much each prefers one alternative to the other. Bringing in cardinality without interpersonal comparability may not help much, but with some comparability, a lot can be achieved. The procedure of aggregation, of which utilitarianism is a special case, was studied with very weak assumptions, and the aggregation procedure may be thought to be a serious rival to the MMD.
Inter- und Transdisziplinarität: Heuristik und Begründung

Inter- and Transdiciplinarity: Heuristics and Justification. Difficulties to define the concept of discipline are symptomatic for the inadequacy of such man-made confines and demarcations. This becomes most obvious in the context of an application of the distinction (introduced by Leibniz and Reichenbach) between a heuristic and a justifying component in the process of scientific research to the transdisciplinary realm called, ‘interdisciplinarity’. The omnipresence and fertility of heuristic and justifying interdisciplinarity in scientific praxis shows that any attempts to find an adequate concept of discipline has become obsolete nowadays, for it cannot find its equivalent in the subjects we are dealing with. All forms of “Grenzfrageninterdisziplinaritat”, in particular, demonstrate that such confines do not exist. This has a bearing not only on modern philosophy of science but also on the scientist himself in order to integrate interdisciplinary fields into his own research program.
Examining the durability of a hybrid, remote and computer-based cognitive remediation intervention for adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Aim Schizophrenia and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) share similar patterns of cognitive deficits. Up to 30% of those with 22q11DS develop schizophrenia during early adulthood. As cognitive decline has recently been found to predict onset of psychosis in adolescents with 22q11DS, early interventions such as cognitive remediation (CR) during adolescence are warranted. This paper investigates the durability of a remote, computerized, CR programme for youth with 22q11DS. Our aim was to determine if the positive effects of CR persisted 6 months beyond intervention completion. Methods A longitudinal design with 21 participants serving as their own controls was used. Youth were seen for neurocognitive assessments at pre-treatment, after the targeted 8-month intervention, at post-treatment, and 6 months after for follow-up. During the intervention, cognitive coaches met remotely with participants for CR via video conferencing three times a week, and offered task-specific strategies. To determine if intervention improvements held across the 6-month follow-up period, neurocognitive measures were statistically examined with repeated measures analysis of variances from pre-treatment through follow-up. Results Our CR intervention proved durable. Post-treatment improvements comprising cognitive flexibility, executive function, reaction time and working memory were maintained over the follow-up period. Conclusions Results confirm previous research regarding the durability of CR treatment and extend these findings to youth with 22q11DS. The present study may serve to inform early intervention efforts focused on cognitive and functionally relevant rehabilitation goals for youth with 22q11DS and suggests that 22q11DS can potentially serve as a suitable model for examining the trajectory preceding psychosis.
The Theoretical Impact of Poe's Law on Political Discourse

This paper examines the internet adage of "Poe's Law" in the context of political psychology. Applying research on in-group and out-group relationships, group-polarization, and individual alienation, this essay discusses the possible psychological effects of satire on political discourse.
Identification and bioactive potential of marine microorganisms from selected Florida coastal areas.

The ocean, with its rich untapped chemical biodiversity, continues to serve as a source of potentially new therapeutic agents. The evaluation of the diversity of cultivable microorganisms from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea and ocean sediment samples were examined and their potential as sources of antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents were investigated. The marine sponge and sediments were collected at different depths (0.9-6 meters) and locations in Florida, including Florida Keys, Port St. Joe in Pensacola, Pensacola Bay, Pensacola Beach, and Fort Pickens. Twenty-one cultivatable isolates were grouped according to their morphology and identified using 16S rRNA molecular taxonomy. The bacterial community identified consisted of members belonging to the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Gamma-classes) and Firmicutes phylogeny. Seven of the microbes exhibited mild to significant cytotoxic activities against five microbial indicators but no significant cytotoxic activities were observed against the pancreatic (PANC-1) nor the multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (NCI/ADR). This work reaffirms the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria as sources of potential bioactive natural product candidates for drug discovery and development.
LESS: Ports, Optics, and Instruments

Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) represents a progression toward decreasing the invasiveness of minimally invasive surgery. By decreasing the number of port site locations to a single access, scars can be readily concealed within the umbilicus or the extraction site. However, such single-site access is associated with loss of triangulation and introduces increased difficulty. The past 5 years has witnessed much advancement in ports, optics, and instruments, altered in an attempt to mitigate such difficulties. Low profile, silicone, and multiport trocars have been developed to decrease internal clashing of instruments. Optic improvements include the introduction of videoscopes that are sufficiently long, articulate, or have the camera and light source streamlined into a single low profile handle. Pre-bent and articulating instruments provide the ability to regain triangulation lost with the single-site access. Advancements in adaptation of the da Vinci robotic surgical system (and novel robots) to LESS has removed the mental challenge of directing a sided instrument with contralateral hand and will likely allow for greater penetration into practice.
Immediate Response of Resting Metabolism and Plasma Free Fatty Acids to Exercise in an Obese and a Nonobese subject

(1965). Immediate Response of Resting Metabolism and Plasma Free Fatty Acids to Exercise in an Obese and a Nonobese subject. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 96-102.
Biomoleküle – Chemie und Leben sind eng miteinander verknüpft

Die Natur verblufft uns immer wieder aufs Neue durch ihre Diversitat. Hunderttausende Arten an Pflanzen und Tieren und Milliarden von menschlichen Individuen „bevolkern“ den Planet Erde und passen sich standig wechselnden Umweltbedingungen an. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass Struktur und Metabolismus aller Lebewesen nur von wenigen, sog. Biomolekulen aufrechterhalten werden. Biomolekule bestehen fast ausschlieslich aus den Elementen Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Schwefel oder Phosphor. In diesem Kapitel werden wir die vier wichtigsten Arten von Biomolekulen Proteine, Kohlenhydrate, Lipide, Nukleinsauren und deren Bausteine kennenlernen.
Corporate debt maturity in developing countries: Sources of long and short‐termism

This paper documents to what extent firms from developing countries borrow short versus long term, using data on corporate bond and syndicated loan markets. Contrary to claims in the literature based on firm balance sheets, firms from developing countries borrow through bonds and syndicated loans at maturities similar to those obtained by developed country firms. The composition and use of financing matters. Firms from developing countries borrow shorter term in domestic bond markets, but the differences in international issuances (accounting for most of the proceeds) are significantly smaller. Developing country firms borrow longer term in syndicated loan markets, which they partially use for infrastructure projects. However, only large firms from developing countries (similar in size to those from developed ones) issue bonds and syndicated loans. The short-termism in developing countries is partly explained by a lower proportion of firms using these markets, with more firms relying on other shorter-term instruments.
Peritoneal washing cytology in cervical carcinoma. Analysis of 109 patients

The peritoneal washing cytologies of 109 patients (112 procedures) undergoing laparotomy for cervical carcinoma were evaluated retrospectively and compared with the clinical and pathologic findings. Nine patients (8.3%) had malignant peritoneal washings (including three of four with washings initially termed "inconclusive"). Four (4.9%) of the 82 patients with squamous carcinoma and 3 (16.7%) of 18 with adenocarcinoma had positive washings. Five (5.6%) of 90 washings obtained at initial explorations were positive, as compared with 4 (18.2%) of 22 washings obtained as follow-up operations in recurrent cases. The 111 peritoneal washing cytologies with a corresponding histologic evaluation of the peritoneal cavity showed a good correlation; peritoneal washing cytology had an efficiency of 91.0%, a sensitivity of 52.9% and a specificity of 100%. Two cases in which the cytologies were considered positive only after review had negative peritoneal histologies; both patients died of progressive disease within 11 months. Peritoneal washing cytology was positive in 5 (5.9%) of 84 cases with FIGO stage 1 cancers, 2 (18.2%) of 11 cases with stage 2 cancers, 1 (33.3%) of 3 cases with stage 3 cancers, and 1 (10%) of 10 cases with recurrent tumors. Eight (88.9%) of nine patients with malignant peritoneal washings died of disease from 3 to 15 months following surgery; one showed no evidence of disease at 9 months. These results suggest that: (1) cervical carcinomas are infrequently associated with a positive peritoneal washing; (2) peritoneal washing cytology is more likely to be positive in cases of adenocarcinoma than in cases of squamous carcinoma; (3) peritoneal washings obtained at the time of surgery for recurrence are more likely to contain malignant cells than are washings obtained during initial exploration; (4) nonkeratinizing malignant squamous cells may be confused with reactive mesothelial cells; and (5) peritoneal washing cytology is a relatively insensitive technique for detecting advanced cervical disease, but correlates with a poor prognosis when positive.
Clinical and Roentgenographic Evaluation of the Scoliosis Patient

Although scoliosis may play a relatively small role in the average orthopaedist’s practice, it is a most difficult condition to treat. One reason is that scoliosis is a very emotionally charged condition. The parents usually have severe guilt feelings because they feel that they have neglected their child. They feel even worse when they learn that most cases of idiopathic scoliosis have a genetic basis, and that they “gave” it to their child. In addition, they find out that the earlier scoliosis is diagnosed, the better it can be treated. This usually leads to hostility, whether justified or not, against the family physician or pediatrician for not noticing the curvature in his routine office or camp physical. Often by the time the family reaches the orthopaedist’s office they are confused, hostile, and frightened. It is important at the consultation for the orthopaedist to remember that first of all he is a physician. He must use great tact in his initial interview, since those moments may make the difference between proper acceptance of treatment by the patient and family or total rejection.
The Theory of Interpreting Scientific Transfer Evidence

The history of forensic science has been characterized by dramatic advances in techniques which enable information to be gleaned from ever smaller quantities of material. Most of the literature is devoted to technical advances, much less attention has been paid to the procedures for interpreting the information objectively and efficiently.
X-Ray Line Polarization of Ne-Like Mo Spectra from X-pinch Plasmas

Linearly polarized spectral emission is induced by non-Maxwellian electrons with anisotropic velocity distributions through collisional processes with ions in plasmas. X-ray line polarization is a viable diagnostic tool for the study of these electrons, which has been tested in controlled settings, e.g., the electron beam ion trap, but due to strong depolarization effects, has been relatively unexplored in laboratory-produced high-energy-density plasmas. This paper explores the X-ray line polarization for the study of Ne-like molybdenum X-pinch plasmas. Previous polarization studies have focused mostly on K-shell spectral lines, whereas the current paper expands on these studies by investigating L-shell line polarization. The X-pinch is favorable due to its high-density plasma formation, high radiation yield, fixed hotspot location, and reliable electron beam production. L-shell X-ray line polarization and spectral emission of Mo X-pinches were investigated through dual $\alpha $ -quartz ( $2d=6.687$ A) crystal spectropolarimetry with axial and radial spatial resolution. In particular, line polarization is evaluated through a comparative analysis of relative line intensities observed over a range of Ne-like Mo transitions simultaneously recorded with two spectrometers with different sensitivity to polarization. An appreciable degree of X-ray line polarization (up to 15%) is observed in the Ne-like Mo plasmas and analyzed using depolarization effects. These results are the first polarization measurements in high-Z pulsed power plasmas.
Longitudinal Sleep Outcomes in Neonates With Pierre Robin Sequence Treated Conservatively.

Study Objectives:Although Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a major cause of neonatal obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), longitudinal studies reporting evolution with age are lacking. This study aimed to ...
Russian Academic Diaspora: Its Scale, Dynamics, Structural Characteristics, and Ties to the RF

Russia’s worsening relations with the West and the proliferation of negative trends in the country’s development are raising serious questions related to scale, dynamics, territorial patterns, and structural characteristics of the Russian intellectual migration flow. Equally important are the degree of the Russian intellectual diaspora’s heterogeneity, the character and intensity of its attitudes toward the RF, and the major forms of its activities. Previous Russian policies toward its elite diaspora were both inconsistent and ineffective. In particular, policy goals should aim neither at limiting the intellectual migration flow nor at seeking the elite migrants’ massive repatriation to Russia. Rather, they should be limited in scale and aimed at an effective inclusion of Russian science into the international academic networks as well as the formation of Russian elite diasporas abroad.
An energy and emission conscious adaptive cruise controller for a connected automated diesel truck

Conventional speed planning for connected automated vehicles (CAVs) adopts an energy-centric perspective and improves fuel economy by means of reducing the power loss due to braking and operating t...
Breaking the field-of-view limit in augmented reality with a scanning waveguide display

The ultimate augmented reality (AR) should be a glass-type see-through display with uncompromised optical performances. The major technical challenge of present AR display systems is to fulfill wide field-of-view (FOV) and large eye box simultaneously for a comfortable visual experience. Here, we propose a novel scanning waveguide display to break the theoretical limit of present waveguide displays while maintaining a large eye box. The core component is an off-axis reflective lens array, which is fabricated by an innovative chiral liquid crystal polarization holography method. The lens array consists of 8 × 15 lenslets whose pitch length is 2 mm and f-number is 0.41 at 639 nm. Such a scanning waveguide display dramatically extends the diagonal FOV from the state-of-the-art 52° (HoloLens 2) to 100°. These approaches not only significantly advance the optical design of present AR display systems but also open new applications to a broad range of optical systems, including high-precision imaging, sensing, and advanced photonic devices.
In older adults with CKD and mild acidosis, oral sodium bicarbonate did not improve physical function.

SOURCE CITATION Witham MD, Band M, Chong H, et al. Sodium bicarbonate to improve physical function in patients over 60 years with advanced chronic kidney disease: the BiCARB RCT. Health Technol Assess. 2020;24:1-90. 32568065.