cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CO, Isocyanide, Alkene, and Alkyne Insertions into Platinaoxetane Pt−O Bonds

Platinaoxetanes Pt(COD)(C7H10O) (1) and Pt(PEt3)2(C7H10O) (2) undergo insertion of CO into their Pt−O bonds to afford Pt(COD)(C(O)OC7H10) (3) and Pt(PEt3)2)(C(O)OC7H10) (4), respectively. Complex 4 is also available from 3 and PEt3. Platinaoxetanes [Pt(COD)(C7H10O)Pt(COD)Cl)]+ (5) and Pt(COD)(C7H10OBF3) (6), with Lewis acids bonded to the platinaoxetane ring oxygen atom, give free norbornene when treated with CO. Treatment of 3 with BF3·Et2O immediately gives 6. Both types of platinaoxetanes are inert to CO2. Treatment of 1 with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) yields Pt(COD)(TCNEOC7H10) (7) by alkene insertion into the Pt−O bond, while 1 shows no reactivity with ethylene or isobutylene. Similarly 1 reacts with diethylacetylenedicarboxylate (DEAD) to give a rare alkyne M−O bond insertion product Pt(COD)(DEADOC7H10) (8) but is inert to diphenylacetylene. Reaction of 1 with isocyanide in a 1:3 molar ratio gives Pt(ButNC)2(C7H10OButNC) (9), a result of COD displacement by 2 isocyanides and insertion of another isoc...
The effects of probenecid on the disposition of risperidone and olanzapine in healthy volunteers.

Study Design The metabolic pathways of most xenobiotics and endogenous compounds can be divided into phase 1 (oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic) and phase 2 (glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, glycine and glutathione conjugation, and acetylation and methylation) processes. Oxidative metabolism by the cytochrome P450 system has been intensively investigated compared with glucuronidation and other conjugation pathways. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the disposition of olanzapine or risperidone in healthy volunteers with and without coadministration of the uridine diphosphoglucuronate–glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor probenecid. We hypothesized that olanzapine disposition would be altered as a result of decreased glucuronidation, whereas risperidone disposition would be relatively unaffected. Methods Our objective was to investigate whether this interaction would occur in 12 healthy volunteers, aged 22 to 42 years, who participated in a single-dose, randomized, 4-period, double-blind, crossover study receiving a single dose of either 5 mg olanzapine or 1 mg risperidone with and without 500 mg probenecid (8 doses over 4 days). Multiple blood samples were analyzed by means of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry or HPLC to assess the 48-hour time course of risperidone and olanzapine. Urine was assayed for free and glucuronidated drugs. Results When olanzapine was administered with probenecid, statistically significant differences were observed between plasma pharmacokinetic parameters compared with olanzapine administered alone (maximum concentration, P .05). Conclusion Inhibition of uridine diphosphoglucuronate–glucuronosyltransferase appeared to influence the disposition of olanzapine but not risperidone. Phase 2 metabolism may significantly influence the disposition of antipsychotic drugs and may be an important aspect of the variability in metabolism, participation in drug-drug interactions, and clinical response to some antipsychotic agents. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002) 71, 30–38; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2002.119815
Impact of dissociation constant on the detection sensitivity of polymerization-based signal amplification reactions.

Many studies have demonstrated the concept of using free-radical polymerization reactions to provide signal amplification so that molecular recognition events indicative of disease states may be detected in a simple and low-cost manner. We provide the first systematic study of how the dissociation constant impacts detection sensitivity in these assays, having chosen a range of dissociation constants (nanomolar to picomolar) that is typical of those encountered in molecular diagnostic applications that detect protein–protein binding events. In addition, we use experimental results to validate a mass-action kinetic model that may be used to predict assay performance as an alternative or supplement to the empirical approach to developing new polymerization-based amplification assays that has characterized the field to date.
Fast Three Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

To reduce the scan time in three-dimensional (3D) imaging, the authors consider alternative trajectories for traversing k-space. They differ from traditional 3D trajectories, such as 3DFT, in that they employ time-varying gradients allowing longer readouts and in turn a reduced scan time. Some of these trajectories reduce by an order of magnitude the number of excitations compared with 3DFT and provide flexibility for trading off signal-to-noise ratio for scan time. Other concerns are the minimum echo time and flow/motion properties. As examples, the authors show two applications: A 3D data set of the head (field of view of 30 x 30 x 7.5 cm and resolution of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 mm) acquired in 56 s using a stack of spirals in 3D k-space; and a 3D movie of the heart (20 x 20 x 20 cm field of view, 2 x 2 x 2 mm resolution, and 16 time frames per cardiac cycle) acquired in 11 min using a cones trajectory.
Model-Based Adaptive Control for a Solenoid-Valve System

In this paper, a model-based control algorithm is developed for a solenoid-valve system. The electric-driven machinery system and its sophisticated control give high levels of automation on huge systems such as ships and submarines. It is known that the characteristics between the force versus displacement and fluid dynamics are strongly nonlinear. The system has uncertainties in multiple parameters in the model, which make the system difficult to adjust to the environment and consequently require adaptation for sustainability and capability. The novelty of this research is that the uncertain nonlinear dynamics of the solenoid-valve system is simplified by formulating in dimensionless form. The non-dimensional control approach of the unknown bounded parameters which is approximately twenty parameter groups used in general adaptive control of the solenoid-butterfly valve system dramatically reduced to just four lumped parameter groups. The control objective is to the set-point of the solenoid-valve and accordingly control the angle position of the butterfly valve in spite of the complications presented by the uncertainties in the dynamic model. The estimated parameters are updated by the adaptation laws using the projection algorithm. After combining the translational and rotational dynamic models, the control input is designed by substituting the electric signal such as current from the model of electromagnetic force. Error signals of the trajectory tracking are developed for the solenoid-valve system. A closed-loop stable controller is designed based on the above error dynamics of the nonlinear solenoid-valve system utilizing Lyapunov-type stability which yields a stable result while obtaining the set-point objective.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Tree species identity and interactions with neighbors determine nutrient leaching in model tropical forests

An ecosystem containing a mixture of species that differ in phenology, morphology, and physiology might be expected to resist leaching of soil nutrients to a greater extent than one composed of a single species. We tested the effects of species identity and plant-life-form richness on nutrient leaching at a lowland tropical site where deep infiltration averages (2 m year -1 . Three indigenous tree species with contrasting leafing phenolo- gies (evergreen, dry-season deciduous, and wet-season deciduous) were grown in monoculture and together with two other life-forms with which they commonly occur in tropical forests: a palm and a giant, perennial herb. To calculate nutrient leaching over an 11-year period, con- centrations of nutrients in soil water were multiplied by drainage rates estimated from a water balance. The effect of plant-life-form richness on retention differed according to tree species identity and nutrient. Nitrate retention was greater in polycultures of the dry-season deciduous tree species (mean of 7.4 kg ha -1 year -1 of NO3-N lost com- pared to 12.7 in monoculture), and calcium and magnesium retention were greater in polycultures of the evergreen and wet-season deciduous tree species. Complementary use of light led to intensification of soil exploitation by roots, the main agent responsible for enhanced nutrient retention in some polycultures. Other mechanisms included differences in nutrient demand among species, and avoidance of cat- astrophic failure due to episodic weather events or pest outbreaks. Even unrealistically simple multi-life-form mimics of tropical forest can safeguard a site's nutrient capital if careful attention is paid to species' characteristics and temporal changes in interspecific interactions.
Implementation of collective I/O in the Intel Paragon parallel file system: initial experiences

A majority of parallel applications achieve parallelism by partitioning data over multiple processors. Accessing distributed data structures such as arrays from files often requires each processor to make a large number of small noncontiguous data requests. This problem can be addressed by replacing small non-contiguous requests by large collective requests. This approach, known as collective I/O, has been found to work extremely well in practice. This paper describes implementation and evaluation of a collective I/O prototype in the Parallel File System (PFS) of the Intel Paragon Operating System (Paragon OS). We evaluate the collective I/O performance using its comparison with the PFS MRECORD and KUNIX I/O modes. It is observed that collective I/O provides significant performance improvement over accesses in the H-UNIX mode. However, in many cases, various implementation overheads cause collective I/O to provide lower performance than the H-RECORD I/O mode.
HPLC method development for AG-85 and benzyl alcohol in anhydrous topical formulations

Abstract AG-85, a lipophilic drug synthesized by rational drug design, is inhibitory to cellular growth in vitro by inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase which catalyses the rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of thymidine nucleotides (Appelt et al., J. Med. Chem., 34 (1991) 1925–1934). A pharmaceutically elegant anhydrous topical formulation of AG-85 was developed for treatment of psoriasis (Pavliv et al., Int. J. Pharm., (1994) in press). Benzyl alcohol was used as a preservative in the topical formulation. HPLC methods were developed and validated to quantitate AG-85, AG-85 impurities, and benzyl alcohol. Precision, accuracy, limit of quantitation (for Category II quantitative), selectivity, linearity range, and ruggedness were the analytical parameters addressed for these methods. The validated methods meet current GMP requirements.
Increased Photobioreactor Productivity Using Algae With Low Pigmentation: A Light Transfer Perspective

This paper reports a numerical study on the photosynthetic productivity of algae photobioreactors using wild strains and genetically engineered strains with low chlorophyll pigment content. First, the specific photosynthetic rates of the wild strain algae Chlammydomonas reinhardtii CC125 and the truncated chlorophyll transformant tla1 were obtained from experiments as a function of the total available irradiation for each cell. This rate was modeled with a modified Monod function accounting for light saturation and light inhibition. The models were coupled with the radiative transport equation (RTE) to predict both the local and total photosynthetic rate of an open pond photobioreactor. The benefits and limitations of using truncated antenna transformants for increasing productivity of mass algae culturing are discussed.© 2010 ASME
Application of cumulants to array signal processing .V. Sensitivity issues

For pt.IV see ibid., vol.45, p.2265-76 (1997). Virtual-ESPRIT (VESPA) imposes a slight constraint on the array, i.e., only a pair of identical sensors are required. We follow the classical procedure to define the sensitivity of VESPA with respect to each model parameter and derive closed forms for the sensitivity formulas. We justify our derivations by comparing the theoretical formulas with the results from Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, we demonstrate, by simulations, that VESPA is more robust to model mismatches than ESPRIT in most situations.
Damage Mechanisms of Filled Siloxanes for Predictive Multiscale Modeling of Aging Behavior

Predictions of component performance versus lifetime are often risky for complex materials in which there may be many underlying aging or degradation mechanisms. In order to develop more accurate predictive models for silica-filled siloxane components, we are studying damage mechanisms over a broad range of size domains, linked together through several modeling efforts. Atomistic and molecular dynamic modeling has elucidated the chemistry of the silica filler to polymer interaction, as this interaction plays a key role in this material's aging behavior. This modeling work has been supported by experimental data on the removal of water from the silica surface, the effect of the surrounding polymer on this desiccation, and on the subsequent change in the mechanical properties of the system. Solid State NMR efforts have characterized the evolution of the polymer and filler dynamics as the material is damaged through irradiation or desiccation. These damage signatures have been confirmed by direct measurements of changes in polymer crosslink density and filler interaction as measured by solvent swelling, and by mechanical property tests. Data from the changes at these molecular levels are simultaneously feeding the development of age-aware constitutive models for polymer behavior. In addition, the microstructure of the foam, including undermore » load, has been determined by Computed Tomography, and this data is being introduced into Finite Element Analysis codes to allow component level models. All of these techniques are directed towards the incorporation of molecular and microstructural aging signatures into predictive models for overall component performance.« less
The Role of Vitamin D in Hematologic Disease and Stem Cell Transplantation

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with a broad range of biological effects ranging from the classical role as a mediator of calcium and phosphate balance to cellular differentiation and immune modulation. These effects impact normal and dysfunctional hematopoietic and immune function, which may allow an avenue for improved treatment and support of patients suffering from hematologic disorders. In this review, we will summarize the role of vitamin D in normal hematopoiesis, discuss ways in which vitamin D may improve outcomes, and discuss a potential role of vitamin D for treating hematologic disorders and modulating the immune system to improve the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplant.
Presymptomatic testing for Huntington chorea: Ethical and legal issues

The recently developed presymptomatic test for Huntington chorea presents ethical and legal issues relating to the interests of fiduciary and nonfiduciary third parties. The issues are examined, and the resulting dilemmas are evaluated with respect to ethical principles and to current law.
The Recent Emergence of Plague: A Process of Felonious Evolution

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, evolved from closely related Yersinia pseudotuberculosis within the past 20,000 years, an event that corresponds to the end of the last ice age and distribution of Homo sapiens throughout the world. Y. pseudotuberculosis causes chronic but generally mild enteropathogenic infections whereas plague is the most devastating acute disease experienced by mankind. The very recent evolution of plague from its progenitor assures close genomic homogeneity between the two species and thus high probability that disparities in DNA sequence mediate dramatic differences in symptoms of infection. The purpose of this minireview is to define salient distinctions between the genomes of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis and to equate unique functions to respective acute and chronic mechanisms of virulence. The significance of these processes is then related to the procedures the organisms use to survive when between hosts (i.e., the flea vector colonized by Y. pestis and natural environments including soil and water in the case of Y. pseudotuberculosis). Next, an attempt is made to order the various mutational events that caused the recent emergence of Y. pestis as a distinct species. Finally, selective pressures such as predatory soil nematodes are considered that possibly influenced the early evolution of those yersiniae now pathogenic to humans.
Recent advances in pattern recognition and their potential application in active sonar classification

Summary form only given as follows. Although there has been little progress in conventional statistical and syntactic pattern recognition, the reemerging activity in neural networks and in artificial intelligence (AI) knowledge-based systems has had great impact in sonar and other applications. This impact is noted in the context of active sonar signal classification. >
Adaptive turbo-coded modulation for flat-fading channels

We consider a turbo-coded system employed on a flat-fading channel where the transmitter and receiver adapt the encoder, decoder, modulation scheme, and transmit power to the state of the channel. Assuming instantaneous and error-free channel gain and phase knowledge at the transmitter and the receiver, we determine the optimal adaptation strategy that maximizes the throughput of this system, while achieving a given bit-error rate under an average power constraint. Our optimized adaptive modulation strategy is based on an extensive set of existing turbo-coded modulation schemes. We find that adapting both the turbo encoder (rate) and the transmit power can achieve performance within 3 dB of the fading channel capacity.
Software development and new product development: potentials for cross-domain knowledge sharing

Software development (SD) and new product development (NPD) share several similarities. However, scholars in the two fields have generally focused on different aspects of "development." Specifically, the SD literature emphasizes development methodologies, techniques, and process metrics, while the NPD studies typically focus on organizational factors like teamwork, cross-functional integration, internal/external communication in teams, performance, processes, and project leadership. Further, there has been a limited exchange of ideas and research findings between the two domains. This paper establishes the potential for SD and NPD to learn from each other by addressing several important product development challenges. Specifically, we demonstrate this potential by deriving significant cross-domain lessons in three areas, namely, teamwork management, development process maturity, and development process acceleration.
Pricing health services for purchasers: A review of methods and experiences

This paper reviews methodologies and international experience related to costing and pricing health services. Several factors affect the determination of the prices purchasers pay for health services. These include: the method of provider payment; the availability of information on costs, volumes, outcomes, and patient and provider characteristics; methods used to calculate providers' costs; and characteristics of purchasers and providers-including the regulatory environment, provider autonomy, negotiating power, and the degree of competition. The paper focuses on methods for setting levels of payment under different provider payment mechanisms. Line item and global budgets remain the most common reimbursement methods in developing countries. However, many of these countries are implementing mixed payment systems that have greater information demands. The principal payment types used in high-income countries-capitation, payments per case or diagnosis, and fee-for-service-are reviewed here, and implications for low- and middle-income countries discussed. To minimize incentives for under- or over-utilization, prices that purchasers pay for health care services should be related to the unit costs of services. However, establishing the true unit cost of health services is complicated, and detailed data needed to correctly allocate indirect costs to the units of services are not generally available in developing countries. The organizational characteristics of health care providers and their relationships with purchasers strongly influence the way prices for health services are determined. Pertinent characteristics include provider autonomy, provider negotiating power, and the degree of competition. The principal constraint on the development of provider payments systems in developing countries is the limited availability of information on costs, volumes, and patient characteristics. However, international experiences reveal a variety of options for setting prices for health care purchasers in developing countries that are reforming their payment systems.
Context matters: sexual signaling loss in digital organisms

Sexual signals are important in attracting and choosing mates; however, these signals and their associated preferences are often costly and frequently lost. Despite the prevalence of signaling system loss in many taxa, the factors leading to signal loss remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that complexity in signal loss scenarios is due to the context-dependent nature of the many factors affecting signal loss itself. Using the Avida digital life platform, we evolved 50 replicates of ∼250 lineages, each with a unique combination of parameters, including whether signaling is obligate or facultative; genetic linkage between signaling and receiving genes; population size; and strength of preference for signals. Each of these factors ostensibly plays a crucial role in signal loss, but was found to do so only under specific conditions. Under obligate signaling, genetic linkage, but not population size, influenced signal loss; under facultative signaling, genetic linkage does not have significant influence. Somewhat surprisingly, only a total loss of preference in the obligate signaling populations led to total signal loss, indicating that even a modest amount of preference is enough to maintain signaling systems. Strength of preference proved to be the strongest single force preventing signal loss, as it consistently overcame the potential effects of drift within our study. Our findings suggest that signaling loss is often dependent on not just preference for signals, population size, and genetic linkage, but also whether signals are required to initiate mating. These data provide an understanding of the factors (and their interactions) that may facilitate the maintenance of sexual signals.
An Observation Procedure to Differentiate Teaching Experience and Expertise in Music Education

One hundred fifty music teachers and students were asked to simultaneously observe, analyze, and write extemporaneously about 20 videotaped excerpts of live music situations. Subjects were divided ...
Balancing Prediction and Recommendation Accuracy: Hierarchical Latent Factors for Preference Data

Recent works in Recommender Systems (RS) have investigated the relationships between the prediction accuracy, i.e. the ability of a RS to minimize a cost function (for instance the RMSE measure) in estimating users’ preferences, and the accuracy of the recommendation list provided to users. State-of-the-art recommendation algorithms, which focus on the minimization of RMSE, have shown to achieve weak results from the recommendation accuracy perspective, and vice versa. In this work we present a novel Bayesian probabilistic hierarchical approach for users’ preference data, which is designed to overcome the limitation of current methodologies and thus to meet both prediction and recommendation accuracy. According to the generative semantics of this technique, each user is modeled as a random mixture over latent factors, which identify users community interests. Each individual user community is then modeled as a mixture of topics, which capture the preferences of the members on a set of items. We provide two dierent formalization of the basic hierarchical model: BH-Forced focuses on rating prediction, while BH-Free models both the popularity of items and the distribution over item ratings. The combined modeling of item popularity and rating provides a powerful framework for the generation of highly accurate recommendations. An extensive evaluation over two popular benchmark datasets reveals the eectiveness and the quality of the proposed algorithms, showing that BH-Free realizes the most satisfactory compromise between prediction and recommendation accuracy with respect to several stateof-the-art competitors.
Guidelines And Advice For Successful Publication Provided By Journal Editors

Journal publication is an important indicator of research productivity for individual researchers, as well as academic institutions. However, for novice faculty members, the publication process can appear equivocal and daunting. If the academic does not actively engage themselves early in this process, then her or his career becomes an uphill (and sometimes insurmountable) battle. To assist the young academic, this study, sponsored by the National Science Foundation ADVANCE program, surveys journal editors representing numerous engineering fields. A 19-question web survey was e-mailed to 121 journal editors representing numerous engineering fields. Utilizing the ISI journal citation reports service, journal editors spanning aerospace, chemical, civil, environmental, industrial, and mechanical engineering disciplines were selected for initial contact. Of the 121 editors contacted, 40 usable responses (or a response rate of 33%) were aggregated for this study. The survey responses were used to quantify publication timelines and acceptance rates and ascertain journal policies, advice for successful publishing, and gender differences.
Network combination operations preserving the sufficiency of linear network codes

Operations that combine smaller networks into a larger network in a manner such that the rate region of the larger network can be directly obtained from the associated rate regions of the smaller networks are defined and presented. The operations are selected to also have the property that the sufficiency of classes of linear network codes and the tightness of the Shannon (polymatroid) outer bound are preserved in the combination. Four such operations are defined, and the classes of linear codes considered include both scalar and vector codes. It is demonstrated that these operations enable one to obtain rate regions for networks of arbitrary size, and to also determine if some classes of linear codes are sufficient and/or the Shannon outer bound bound is tight for these networks.
Abstract IA22: Targeting mTOR for breast cancer therapy

The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling contributes to the oncogenesis of many tumor types, and thus the pathway is being actively pursued as a promising therapeutic target. mTOR, an important component of this pathway, exists in two multiprotein complexes: mTOR complex 1 and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). mTORC1 controls cell growth, survival, and protein translation by regulating the phosphorylation of two major substrates: S6 kinase (S6K) and 4E-BP1. mTORC2 phosphorylates Akt at Serine 473 (S473), enhancing the catalytic activity of Akt, that has already been phosphorylated at Threonine 308 (T308). Thus, the mTOR complexes play an important role both upstream and downstream of Akt. Rapamycin and its analogs are allosteric mTOR inhibitors that bind FKBP12 and mTOR, and predominantly inhibit mTORC1. The rapamycin analog temsirolimus is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and the rapamycin analog everolimus is FDA approved for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, renal cell carcinoma, sub-ependymal giant cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis, as single agent therapy, and for the treatment of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer as combination therapy with exemestane. In spite of proven clinical benefit in breast cancer, objective responses remain rare. Thus there remains a need to identify predictors of response, optimal strategies for mTOR inhibition and rational combination therapies. There is emerging data on predictors of response to rapalog. Although preclinical studies suggest PIK3CA and PTEN alterations may confer sensitivity to rapalogs, the predictive value of these markers in the clinic has been controversial. Rare alterations such as mTOR activating mutations and TSC1 have been reported to confer sensitivity, while mTOR mutations in FKBP domain may confer rapalog resistance. The optimal strategy to target mTOR signaling is unknown. Preclinically, mTOR catalytic site inhibitors are more effective in cell lines with intrinsic or acquired rapamycin-resistance. The relative efficacy of other PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in breast cancer compared to rapalogs is not yet understood. Combinations with chemotherapy and other targeted agents are ongoing. Citation Format: Funda Meric-Bernstam. Targeting mTOR for breast cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
"Novel unaccusatives": is detransitivization taking place?

Interlanguage 'novel unaccusative' (term borrowed from BALCOM 1997) has been a subject of investigation since the late 1970s, though it has usually been discussed under the terms of an interlanguage syntactic structure called the 'pseudo-passive' (e.g., SCHACHTER & RUTHERFORD 1979; RUTHERFORD 1983; YIP 1995; HAN 2000). While most of the research to date is in favor of the view that the interlanguage structure is primarily induced by L1 discourse/syntactic influence, BALCOM (1997) provides an alternative explanatory account. Assuming a lexical perspective, she sees the interlanguage structure as the creation of a 'novel unaccusative' through a lexical process of detransitivization. In this paper, I shall discuss Balcom's view, in particular, her contention that interlanguage novel unaccusatives and native-like unaccusatives with transitive counterparts share the same underlying lexical process of detransitivization. Drawing on both natural longitudinal data and elicited data (HAN 1998), I will show that Balcom's view would be over-generalizing if applied across language acquisition contexts. What renders the application problematic is the fact that while some novel unaccusatives from L2 acquisition may derive from the lexical process of detransitivization as in L1 acquisition, some do not. It seems imperative to me that in the context of SLA, we discriminate, at least in loose terms, between developmental and L1-induced novel unaccusatives. Such a distinction is important not only because it helps to refine our understanding of what underlies novel unaccusatives in L2 acquisition, but also because it would lend more accurate guidance to L2 teachers in dealing with novel unaccusatives in the classroom.
Advertising Implications of Millennials' Motives and Device-Platform Consideration Sets: An Exploratory Study

abstractComprising between 25 to 30 percent of the population with huge and growing purchasing power, Millennials, as a demographic group, are of great interest to advertisers and media companies alike. Their traits and characteristics have been studied extensively. This fact notwithstanding, reaching millennials continues to be a challenge. Based on Grounded Theory, the cohort's mind-set, behavioral tendencies as well as their perceived device-platform cognitive fit and device-platform consideration sets are explored. The study provides a window into the innovation-adoption process they go through, contributing to device-platform choice theory. The findings suggest that Millennials have an over-arching concern about availability/connectivity, responsiveness and reliability of internet access, followed by convergence across-platforms. The cohort exhibits control and decision anxiety over devices and platforms.
Evolution of the Contact Area During an Indentation Process

The evolution of the contact area during an indentation process has been examined by an a.c. technique and also by finite element analysis on five different bulk materials. The consistency of the results obtained by the two approaches not only show the validity and advantage of the a.c. technique but also corroborate the applicability of the elastic contact equation.
Multiscale Calculations Using an Adaptive Wavelet Algorithm

We present a new wavelet-based adaptive multiresolution representation (WAMR) algorithm for the numerical solution of multiscale evolution problems. Key features of the algorithm are fast procedures for grid rearrangement, computation of derivatives, as well as the ability to minimize the degrees of freedom for a prescribed solution accuracy. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm, we use it to solve the two-dimensional benchmark problem of incompressible fluid-flow in a lid-driven cavity at large Reynolds numbers. The numerical experiments demonstrate the great ability of the algorithm to adapt to different scales at different locations and at different times so as to produce accurate solutions at low computational cost. Specifically, we show that solutions of comparable accuracy as the benchmarks are obtained with more than an order of magnitude reduction in degrees of freedom.© 2002 ASME
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Endothelial Progenitor Cells Separated,Cultured and Identified

Explore a method collecting endothelial progenitor cells from human umbilical cord blood,then culture and identify these cells.Endothelial progenitor cells were obtained from human umbilical cord blood by Ficoll density gradient separation,purified by magnetic cell sorting(MACS),than cultured them in cord blood.Identified these cells by flow cytometry(FCM) and fluorescent immune staining method.Result endothelial progenitor cells grew well.Endothelial progenitor cells could be obtained from human umbilical cord blood,it was good for further research and clinical application of endothelial progenitor cells.
Considerations in the dental management of the adolescent.

This article describes the oral changes of adolescence, some behaviors and attitudes of the adolescent dental patient, oral manifestations of selected, adolescent dental disease, and the pediatrician’s role in identification and referral.
“A Veil of Legality”: The Contested History of Anti-Haitian Ideology under the Trujillo Dictatorship

This article explores the history of Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo’s anti-Haitian policies by examining two unstudied dimensions of the government’s campaign against Haitian migrants. Archival records reveal that Trujillo attempted to implement a clandestine plan to deport Haitians prior to the 1937 massacre on the border. However, this plan failed because local officials resisted government attempts to supersede their authority. I contend this led Trujillo to order the massacre in order to compel obedience from rural authorities and to destroy Haitian-Dominican networks. While in the border region these goals were accomplished with violence, Trujillo pursued a different strategy in sugar-producing areas. Because of the economic importance of sugar, the Trujillo regime began to employ extralegal coercion to force Haitians in the country onto sugar plantations, and to inextricably link Haitian identity with cutting sugarcane. In implementing such policies, government officials again faced resistance from local communities.
SU-F-R-49: A Novel Kinetic Model for Prediction of Tumor Local Control for Patients with Lung Cancer

Purpose: Modeling tumor control probability (TCP) can help optimize treatment plans for better treatment outcomes. This study sought to quantify the radiobiological parameters of the TCP model for patients with lung cancer. Methods: A two-compartment kinetic model was developed to model tumor regression for five NSCLC patients. The model has three parameters: cell survival fraction, dead-cell-resolving time and tumor doubling time. The last one was extended to a function of tumor volume. Each of these patients was treated with 2 Gyx33 fractions. Daily CBCT images were acquired during the course of treatment. Gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated on each of these CBCT images, and the visible tumor volumes were fitted to the kinetic model to optimize the parameters, where the Jacobian of this model was constrained by daily tumor volumetric changes. Results: Among the five patients, three had tumor recurrence: 455, 520 and 590 days after the completion of treatment. Recurrent tumor volumes were, respectively, 28.9, 13.7 and 4.8 cm3, measured at distant locations. With the assumption of cell density = 108 cells/cm3, tumor doubling times required for circulating tumor cells to progress to the recurrent volumes are 16.1, 19.2 and 23.1 days. By fitting the kinetic model with 33 measured tumor volumes, the average cell survival fraction for the five patients is 0.5±0.21, and tumor doubling times are in the range of 10∼35 days, comparable to the doubling time derived from tumor recurrence data. The doubling times modeled from invisible cells are different from the median (357 days) or mean (166 days) of the doubling time measured directly from visible tumor volumes. Conclusion: A kinetic model has been developed to simulate the process of tumor progressing from invisible cells to visible tumor volumes. This model may be useful for TCP prediction for patients with locally advanced lung cancer.
The future of medical education: areas that should receive increased focus in the 21st Century

What is fundamental for medical students to learn in the 21st Century? Many medical educators understandably focus on the explosion of new medical knowledge and technology that will be essential for medical students to master in the 21st Century. These include advances in molecular medicine, genomics, a plethora of new pharmacological approaches, among other stunning discoveries in medicine. Moreover, there will be a continued need to ensure that medical students acquire the highest level of professional ethics, leadership skills, empathy, and communication and patient-centered counseling skills. All of these have been a core focus of medical educators over the past decade and will continue to be a priority. In thinking about the 21st Century, there are several key additional areas of content knowledge and skills that will be essential for future physicians that to date have not received sufficient attention in medical skill curricula.[...]
H.E.L.L.A.: Collective "Testimonio" That Speak to the Healing, Empowerment, Love, Liberation, and Action Embodied by Social Justice Educators of Color.

This author utilizes collective testimonio (Sanchez, 2009) as a process for homemade theory making or what Anzaldua and Keating (2000) called conocimientos . This collective testimonio brings together the stories and experiences of three educators of color within a California grassroots social justice critical study group created exclusively for people of color. In a profession dominated by more than 80% White teachers (Goldring, Gray, & Bitterman, 2013), these teachers of color share stories of resiliency and the community cultural wealth (Yosso, 2005) they possess and have utilized to thrive within an oppressive education system. Applying Critical Race Theory’s tenet of counternarrative, their individual and collective testimonio speak back to the dominant discourses about people of color as being deficient and lacking dominant cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1986) and instead, highlights how internalized and institutionalized forms of racism serve as obstacles as well as motivation to fight against oppression. The role of collective testimonio among educators of color can serve as a tool for critical teacher professional development (Kohli, Picower, Martinez, & Ortiz, 2015) centered in political education, healing, empowerment, love and transformative resistance
Network, knowledge and relationship impacts on innovation in tourism destinations

Abstract We combine network structure and firm-level relationship measures to explore the association between innovative behavior, firm position within the network of a destination, and the knowledge and relational trust characteristics of a firm's innovation-oriented relationships. We find current collaboration, shared knowledge and trust are associated with innovative behavior with partner firms, but that betweenness centrality indicates which partners are the most prominent innovators in a population. That is, relationship-level characteristics facilitate innovation partnerships, but network structure characteristics identify the most successful innovative partners. To theory, our findings contribute to efforts in the tourism, innovation and network literature to evaluate the differential effects of knowledge stocks and flows on innovation. For practice, our results suggest that promoters of innovation within a destination should leverage brokerage positions to improve the in-flow of ideas while encouraging the firms that share knowledge and trust to collaborate to apply those ideas.
Flash transition as a possible origin for low open circuit voltage in thin film solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract The open circuit voltage of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), made with thin film electrolytes of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia, often lies below the Nernstian value, which has been prescribed to processing defects. The effect persists in films fabricated by different methods and even when their thickness ranges from nanometers to micrometers, which is well beyond the electron direct tunneling length scale. Here we explain this phenomenon in terms of an alternative mechanism, a flash transition, where yttria stabilized zirconia can partially transition into an electronic state; the transition depends on (i) the resistance of the electrolyte, (ii) the electric field and (iii) the temperature. The variability in the open circuit voltage is subscribed to processing-related variability in the resistivity of the films, which has a strong influence on the flash transition.
The Early History of Interventional Endoscopic Ultrasound

Technological advances in the field of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) have emerged, especially in the past decade, that have rapidly expanded the therapeutic potential of EUS, largely through the innovations of accessory technology that could not have happened without innovative changes to echoendoscopes. As interventional EUS continues to evolve, further expansion into previously uncharted areas will most certainly happen.
A likelihood-based time series modeling approach for application in dendrochronology to examine the growth-climate relations and forest disturbance history

A time series intervention analysis (TSIA) of dendrochronological data to infer the tree growth-climate-disturbance relations and forest disturbance history is described. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate the parameters of a structural time series model with components for climate and forest disturbances (i.e., pests, diseases, fire). The statistical method is illustrated with a tree-ring width time series for a mature closed-canopy Douglas-fir stand on the west slopes of the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA that is impacted by Swiss needle cast disease caused by the foliar fungus, Phaecryptopus gaeumannii (Rhode) Petrak. The likelihood-based TSIA method is proposed for the field of dendrochronology to understand the interaction of temperature, water, and forest disturbances that are important in forest ecology and climate change studies.
Validation Studies of a New Computer Attitude Scale

To explore the usefulness of a new instrument, the Computer Attitude Scale, its subsidies (Computer Anxiety, Computer Confidence, Computer Liking) were subjected to two validation studies. The firs...
Rehabilitation for Individuals with Dementia: Facilitating Success

Individuals with dementia (IwD) have unique characteristics related to movement quality, motor learning strategies, and interpersonal needs. Without an understanding of these issues, physical therapists (PTs) treat these patients as they would cognitively intact older adults and become frustrated or disheartened when patients do not respond to therapy as expected. The purpose of this article is to facilitate the success of therapeutic interventions with IwD by suggesting therapeutic strategies that play to the strengths of this population. Classic and recent literature related to motor control and motor learning in IwD is reviewed, and relevant clinical applications are highlighted. Key components related to successful interventions in existing evidence are presented. Armed with an understanding of the unique qualities related to movement disorders and motor learning, PTs will be better equipped to exploit the strengths of IwD for optimal rehab outcomes.
Cleaving the N,N Triple Bond: The Transformation of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Nitrogenases

Biological nitrogen fixation is a natural process that converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to bioavailable ammonia (NH3). This reaction not only plays a key role in supplying bio-accessible nitrogen to all life forms on Earth, but also embodies the powerful chemistry of cleaving the inert N,N triple bond under ambient conditions. The group of enzymes that carry out this reaction are called nitrogenases and typically consist of two redox active protein components, each containing metal cluster(s) that are crucial for catalysis. In the past decade, a number of crystal structures, including several at high resolutions, have been solved. However, the catalytic mechanism of nitrogenase, namely, how the N,N triple bond is cleaved by this enzyme under ambient conditions, has remained elusive. Nevertheless, recent biochemical and spectroscopic studies have led to a better understanding of the potential intermediates of N2 reduction by the molybdenum (Mo)-nitrogenase. In addition, it has been demonstrated that carbon monoxide (CO), which was thought to be an inhibitor of N2 reduction, could also be reduced by the vanadium (V)-nitrogenase to small alkanes and alkenes. This chapter will begin with an introduction to biological nitrogen fixation and Mo-nitrogenase, continue with a discussion of the catalytic mechanism of N2 reduction by Mo-nitrogenase, and conclude with a survey of the current knowledge of N2- and CO-reduction by V-nitrogenase and how V-nitrogenase compares to its Mo-counterpart in these catalytic activities.
Sampling Mid-Tropospheric Air at Aeroce Surface Sites

Air chemistry sampling stations at the earth’s surface, like one proposed for Mace Head, Eire, appear to be frequently and predictably exposed to air of recent origin 1500 to 4000 meters above the surface. A suite of backward isentropic trajectory analyses for this and other North Atlantic sites suggests that significant subsidence almost invariably occurs when an air parcel originates from the northwest. A simple practical model demonstrates how boundary-layer mixing usually smoothes out the impact of any small-scale variations in upper-air composition, acting like a time filter with a 6- to 18-hour time constant. Examination of the trajectories also reminds us of the slanting and stochastic nature of tropospheric air motions, and delimits the types of simulations appropriate in understanding the chemical measurements. An attempt to describe a geographical domain of influence which instruments at the site sample reveals some difficulties facing climatologically oriented air chemistry models, and suggests a concept of “complex influence.”