cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reporting of medical errors: time for a reality check.

Earlier this summer an expert group chaired by the Chief Medical Officer in the UK produced a comprehensive and thoughtful analysis of the current unacceptable state of identifying, analysing, and learning from medical mishaps.1 Although this report, provocatively named An Organisation with a Memory , applies specifically to the UK National Health Service (NHS), its analysis—and prescriptions—apply to health organisations the world over. The report embraces the insight from industrial safety research pioneered in the UK by Reason and others that human errors typically result, not from carelessness or incompetence, but from systems failures that are sometimes complex and difficult to analyse and correct.2 The call for better reporting, a more open culture, better mechanisms for ensuring that necessary changes are made, and a much wider appreciation of the value of the systems approach is welcome. The cornerstone of the recommendations is a greatly enhanced system of national reporting of adverse events. Although the benefits of such a programme seem self-evident, two questions must be addressed before proceeding with such a plan—namely: “Why aren't these events being reported now?” and “What would be the cost of such a system?” Charles Billings, architect of the highly successful Aviation Safety Reporting System in the USA, has pointed out that there are two major reasons why people don't report adverse events: fear and lack of belief that reporting will lead to improvement.3 Fear is multidimensional—fear of embarrassment, fear of punishment of self, fear of punishment of others, fear …
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Complex cis-Hexahydroindanes by Reductive Alkylation

An efficient and operationally simple approach to complex cis-hexahydroindanes is reported. Upon Birch reduction of unprotected, C4-alkylated tetrahydroindanols and electrophilic trapping of the tetrasubstituted enolate, cis-fused products are formed with a new stereogenic quaternary carbon. The reaction is convergent, completely diastereoselective, and shows a broad scope with regard to the electrophile.
Enhancing Android application bug reporting

The modern software development landscape has seen a shift in focus toward mobile applications as smartphones and tablets near ubiquitous adoption. Due to this trend, the complexity of these “apps” has been increasing, making development and maintenance challenging. Current bug tracking systems do not effectively facilitate the creation of bug reports with useful information that will directly lead to a bug’s resolution. To address the need for an improved reporting system, we introduce a novel solution, called Fusion, that helps reporters auto-complete reproduction steps in bug reports for mobile apps by taking advantage of their GUI-centric nature. Fusion links information, that reporters provide, to program artifacts extracted through static and dynamic analysis performed beforehand. This allows our system to facilitate the reporting process for developers and testers, while generating more reproducible bug reports with immediately actionable information.
A pipelined temporal difference imager

A 189/spl times/182 active pixel sensor (APS) for temporal difference computation is presented. The temporal difference imager (TDI), fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process, contains in-pixel storage elements for a previous image frame. Difference double-sampling circuits are used to suppress the fixed pattern noise in both images and to compute the difference between the corrected images. The pixel area occupies 25 /spl mu/m by 25 /spl mu/m (using 0.7-/spl mu/m scalable rules), with fill factor of 30%. A novel pipelined readout technique is described, which is used to improve the accuracy of the temporal difference computation. With this pipelined readout architecture, >8-bit precision for the difference image and low spatial droop across the difference image is achieved. The chip consumes 30 mW at 50 fps from a 5-V power supply.
Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process

Organizational adaptation is a topic that has received only limited and fragmented theoretical treatment. Any attempt to examine organizational adaptation is difficult, since the process is highly complex and changeable. The proposed theoretical framework deals with alternative ways in which organizations define their product-market domains (strategy) and construct mechanisms (structures and processes) to pursue these strategies. The framework is based on interpretation of existing literature and continuing studies in four industries (college textbook publishing, electronics, food processing, and health care).
Bimodal symmetric fission observed in the heaviest elements

Abstract We measured the mass and kinetic energy partitioning in the spontaneous fission (SF) of 258Fm, 259Md, 260Md, 258No and 260[104]. All these fissions have mass distributions that are symmetric. Total kinetic energy distributions peaked near either 200 or 235 MeV. Surprisingly, the total kinetic energy distributions were skewed upward or downward from the peak energy in each case, except for 260[104], indicating a composite of two energy distributions. Such unique distributions have not been observed in the low-energy fission or SF of other nuclides. We interpret this as a mixture of liquid-drop-like and fragment-shell directed fission, although theory had not predicted this phenomenon.
Scale-based detection of corners of planar curves

A technique for detecting and localizing corners of planar curves is proposed. The technique is based on Gaussian scale space, which consists of the maxima of absolute curvature of the boundary function presented at all scales. The scale space of isolated simple and double corners is first analyzed to investigate the behavior of scale space due to smoothing and interactions between two adjacent corners. The analysis shows that the resulting scale space contains line patterns that either persist, terminate, or merge with a neighboring line. Next, the scale space is transformed into a tree that provides simple but concise representation of corners at multiple scales. Finally, a multiple-scale corner detection scheme is developed using a coarse-to-fine tree parsing technique. The parsing scheme is based on a stability criterion that states that the presence of a corner must concur with a curvature maximum observable at a majority of scales. Experiments were performed to show that the scale space corner detector is reliable for objects with multiple-size features and noisy boundaries and compares favorably with other corner detectors tested. >
Synthesis of Conformationally-Constrained Glutamate Analogues of the Antitumor Agents DDATHF, LY254155, and LY231514

Analogues of the active antitumor agents DDATHF (4), LY254155 (11), and LY231514 (14) have been prepared in which the rotational flexibility of the benzoylglutamate amide linkage is constrained by incorporation of a methylene bridge between the glutamate amide nitrogen and the ortho position of the aromatic ring. Evaluation of the resulting isoindolinones as in vitro inhibitors of the growth of CCRF-CEM cells revealed that, although some analogues retained activity, in no case was cytotoxicity enhanced, and in some cases it was substantially reduced.
Torque-Angle Formulation of Threaded Fastener Tightening

In this paper, the evolution equations of the bearing and thread friction coefficients are proposed based on mechanical behavior of the bolted joint assembly. The study shows excellent correlation between the proposed model and the experimental results for the breakaway torque values in both the tightening and loosening directions. Evaluation of the torque-angle control of the tightening process is made, and a modified torque-angle control approach is proposed. The effect of friction coefficients on the error in the clamping force prediction is analyzed.
Meeting Consumer Demands with Genetics and Market Coordination: The Case of the Leachman Cattle Company

This case considers two major management decisions facing the Leachman Cattle Company, the largest U.S. beef cattle seedstock producer. The first decision relates to continued expansion into international markets. Such expansion has tremendous potential, but also introduces a host of logistical problems and risks. The second decision concerns the development and market integration required to produce a branded beef product based on Piedmontese beef cattle.
Heavy-ion irradiation of UBe13 superconductors

We irradiate the heavy fermion superconductors (U,Th)Be{sub 13} with high-energy heavy ions. Damage from the ions affects both heat capacity and magnetization measurements, although much less dramatically than in other superconductors. From these data and from direct imaging, we conclude that the irradiation does not create the amorphous columnar defects observed in high-temperature superconductors and other materials. We also find that the damage suppresses the two superconducting transitions of U{sub 0.97}Th{sub 0.03}Be{sub 13} by comparable amounts, unlike their response to other types of defects.
Efficient ligandless palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reactions of potassium aryltrifluoroborates.

The ligandless palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of potassium aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates with aryl- or heteroaryl halides or triflates proceeds readily with very good yields. The cross coupling can be effected in methanol or water, in the open air, using Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst in the presence of K2CO3. A variety of functional groups are tolerated.
Non-ionic surfactant assembly of wormhole silica molecular sieves from water soluble silicates

Thermally stable mesoporous silica molecular sieves with wormhole framework structures, previously obtainable only from silicon alkoxides, have been prepared from low cost soluble silicate precursors in the presence of non-ionic surfactants as structure directors.
Phase relations in iron-rich systems and implications for the Earth's core

Recent experimental data concerning the properties of iron, iron sulfide, and iron oxide at high pressures are combined with theoretical arguments to constrain the probable behavior of the Fe-rich portions of the Fe-O and Fe-S phase diagrams. We infer that a solid solution exists between ϵ-Fe and S at high pressures. This is based on the similarity in the atomic radii of Fe and S (rFe/rS ≈0.97), and on the observation that S apparently does not form a solid solution with the γ-phase of Fe. We suggest that the ϵ-Fe S system may, to first order, be modeled as an ideal solid solution and, therefore, will not have a eutectic. The solid solution probably is not ideal, but there are insufficient data to constrain the non-ideal behavior. The ϵ-Fe-O system, on the other hand, probably has very little solid solution (rO/rFe ≈0.84), although there is recent evidence that a highly non-ideal solid solution does exist between γ-Fe and O. Experimental data extending to > 100 GPa suggest that solid FeO may remain a stable compound at high pressures, with a possible miscibility gap between FeO and Fe. This is based on the observation that FeO melts at higher temperatures than either Fe or O at high pressures. Theoretical extrapolation of the melting curve of FeO indicates that this behavior should continue throughout the pressure range relevant to the Earth's core. Thus, the Fe-rich portion of the Fe-O phase diagram is predicted to display a eutectic between ϵ-Fe and FeO at core pressures. Comparison of the predicted composition of the Fe-FeO eutectic at inner core pressures with the amount of oxygen required to give the outer core its observed density (28 at. % O) indicates that, if the only light element in the core were oxygen, the core composition would lie significantly toward the FeO side of the eutectic and FeO would be the solid phase of the inner core. This is inconsistent with the properties of the inner core. This argument indicates that, although oxygen is probably present in non-trivial quantities, it cannot be the only light element in the core, and may not even be the most abundant light element in the core. The results of our analysis are compatible with sulfur as another major light element in the core, as the Fe-S solidus is always more Fe-rich than the coexisting liquidus.
Decomposition of decanol and decanal over Ni- and H-ZSM-5

The decomposition of 1-decanol and decanal in the presence of hydrogen by using Ni- and H-ZSM-5 embedded within a silica binder was investigated. Temperatures and pressures for the decanol decomposition ranged from 572 to 666 K and 0.57 to 1.45 MPa, whereas for decanal the ranges were 622 to 722 K and 0.58 to 1.22 MPa. Decanol was converted to decene through the intermediate didecyl ether. Decanal was convered to nonane by the elimination of carbon monoxide; to a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound, an aldo, which subsequently dehydrated to yield C20 aldehyde. The aldehyde, subsequently, was converted to hydrocarbons. All of the above are acid-catalyzed reactions. A side reaction catalyzed by the reactor walls which occurred with both compounds was the hydrogenation of decanal or dehydrogenation of decanol.
Thought suppression, impaired regulation of urges, and Addiction-Stroop predict affect-modulated cue-reactivity among alcohol dependent adults

Abstinent alcohol dependent individuals commonly employ thought suppression to cope with stress and intrusive cognitions about alcohol. This strategy may inadvertently bias attention towards alcohol-related stimuli while depleting neurocognitive resources needed to regulate urges, manifested as decreased heart rate variability (HRV) responsivity to alcohol cues. The present study tested the hypothesis that trait and state thought suppression, impaired regulation of urges, and alcohol attentional bias as measured by the Addiction-Stroop would have significant effects on the HRV responsivity of 58 adults in residential treatment for alcohol dependence (mean age=39.6 ± 9.4, 81% female) who participated in an affect-modulated cue-reactivity protocol. Regression analyses controlling for age, level of pre-treatment alcohol consumption, and baseline HRV indicated that higher levels of trait thought suppression, impaired regulation of alcohol urges, and attentional fixation on alcohol cues were associated with lower HRV responsivity during stress-primed alcohol cue-exposure. Moreover, there was a significant state × trait suppression interaction on HRV cue-responsivity, such that alcohol dependent persons reporting high levels of state and trait suppression exhibited less HRV during cue-exposure than persons reporting low levels of state and trait suppression. Results suggest that chronic thought suppression taxes regulatory resources reflected in reduced HRV responsivity, an effect that is particularly evident when high trait suppressors engage in intensive suppression of drinking-related thoughts under conditions of stress. Treatment approaches that offer effective alternatives to the maladaptive strategy of suppressing alcohol urges may be crucial for relapse prevention.
Probabilistic Methods For Power System Dynamic Stability Studies

In this paper, several sources of uncertainty in electric power systems are incorporated into the dynamic stability analysis of the system. Operating point stability is considered, with the system model written in state variable notation. The sensitivites of the eigenvalues of the associate matrix are used to calculate the statistics of eigenvalue locations. When the uncertainties considered are approximated by the multivariate normal distribution, the probability of dynamic stability is computed using the generalized tetrachoric series. The principle advantages of this method over multiple runs of a deterministic stability study are rapid calculation times and the availability of consistently calculated probability of operating point stability figures.
Sales and Firm Entry: The Case of Wal-Mart

Temporary price reductions or �sales� have become increasingly important in the evolution of the price level. We present a model of repeated price competition to illustrate how entry causes incumbents to alternate between high and low prices. Using a six-year panel of weekly observations from a grocery chain, we find that individual stores employ more sales as the distance to Wal-Mart falls. Moreover, the increase in the frequency of sales was concentrated on the most popular products, suggesting the use of a loss-leader strategy.
Chemically treated seed grain as an ethanol feedstock.

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of three commonly used seed treatment chemicals: captan, heptachlor, and methoxychlor, on ethanol production from grain sorghum. Results indicated that none of these chemicals significantly affected ethanol yield. Captan was completely destroyed in the process. Heptachlor and methoxychlor carried over into the stillage wet solids at levels that could result in disposal problems.
Cardiovascular risk, hypertension, and NSAIDs

During the past 2 years, a great deal of evaluation has been conducted on the cardiovascular (CV) effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors. This review focuses on the effects of the NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors on blood pressure and CV events. Clinical trial databases for NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors have shown varying levels of destabilization of blood pressure control in treated hypertensive patients as well as variable incident rates of the development of arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Nonselective and COX-2 selective NSAIDs can be used carefully in arthritis patients with hypertension and stable CV disorders (excluding congestive heart failure and moderate to severe kidney dysfunction) when the individual clinical benefit of anti-inflammatory therapy outweighs the CV and gastrointestinal risk.
Dispersion interactions and reactive collisions of ultracold polar molecules

Progress in ultracold experiments with polar molecules requires a clear understanding of their interactions and reactivity at ultralow collisional energies. Two important theoretical steps in this process are the characterization of interaction potentials between molecules and the modeling of the reactive scattering mechanism. Here, we report on the ab initio calculation of isotropic and anisotropic van der Waals interaction potentials for polar KRb and RbCs colliding with each other or with ultracold atoms. Based on these potentials and two short-range scattering parameters, we then develop a single-channel scattering model with flexible boundary conditions. Our calculations show that, at low temperatures (and in the absence of an external electric field), the reaction rates between molecules or between molecules and atoms have a resonant character as a function of the short-range parameters. We also find that both the isotropic and anisotropic van der Waals coefficients have significant contributions from dipole coupling to excited electronic states. Their values can differ dramatically from those solely obtained from the permanent dipole moment. A comparison with recently obtained reaction rates of fermionic 40K87Rb shows that the experimental data cannot be explained by a model where the short-range scattering parameters are independent of the relative orbital angular momentum or partial wave.
Substorm theories: United they stand, divided they fall

Consensus on the timing and mapping of substorm features has permitted a synthesis of substorm models. Within the synthesis model the mechanism for onset of substorm expansion is still unknown. Possible mechanisms are: growth of an ion tearing mode, current disruption by a cross-field current instability, and magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. While the synthesis model is consistent with overall substorm morphology, including near-Earth onset, none of the onset theories, taken individually, appear to account for substorm expansion onset. A grand synthesis with unification of the underlying onset theories appears necessary.
Managing stored voice in the Etherphone system

The voice manager in the Etherphone system provides facilities for recording, editing, and playing stored voice in a distributed personal-computing environment. It provides the basis for applications such as voice mail, annotation of multimedia documents, and voice editing using standard text-editing techniques. To facilitate sharing, the voice manager stores voice on a special voice file server that is accessible via the local internet. Operations for editing a passage of recorded voice simply build persistent data structures to represent the edited voice. These data structures, implementing an abstraction called voice ropes, are stored in a server database and consist of lists of intervals within voice files. Clients refer to voice ropes solely by reference. Interests, additional persistent data structures maintained by the server, serve two purposes: First, they provide a sort of directory service for managing the voice ropes that have been created. More importantly, they provide a reliable reference-counting mechanism, permitting the garbage collection of voice ropes that are no longer needed. These interests are grouped into classes; for some important classes, obsolete interests can be detected and deleted by a class-specific algorithm that runs periodically.
Radar Electronic Counter-Countermeasures

Employment of electronic countermeasures (ECM) against radars make the use of electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) in the radar a necessity. ECCM techniques have evolved over the last several decades. Many ECCM techniques have been described in the open literature. Unfortunately, there have been no recent comprehensive survey papers on this topic. This paper defines ECCM and the various parts of electronic warfare (EW) and shows the interrelationships between these parts. Principal effects of the parts of EW are described as a prelude to discussion of ECCM. ECCM techniques are described under two categories: electronic 3nd operational. Electronic ECCM's are presented as those in the transmitter, the antenna, the receiver-signal processor, and in the system. Typical ECCM techniques in each part of the radar are listed. An ECM-ECCM matrix which lists some typical ECCM's for representative ECMs is given. Assessment of the efficacy of ECCM techniques is briefly treated. A bibliography of studies containing descriptions of many of the approximately 150 ECCM techniques listed is included.
Anomalies due to single event upsets

The description of single event upsets (SEUs) in the spacecraft Anomalies Handbook is reviewed. The basic mechanism involved in SEUs is summarized and discussed in terms of circuit analysis. Calculation of SEU rate is analytically described and discussed. Departures from single step function dependence in the SEU rate is addressed.
Nationalist War Commentary as Russian Religious Thought: The Religious Intelligentsia's Politics of Providentialism

Exploring the prominent role that the concept of Providence played in the worldview of Russian religious philosophers including Nikolai Berdiaev, Sergei Bulgakov, Vladimir Ern, Prince Evgenii Trubetskoi, and the Symbolist Vyacheslav Ivanov, this article demonstrates that their Christian Providentialist thinking was inherently political. One significant expression of these intellectuals' “politics of Providentialism” was the controversial commentary they produced on the First World War, which must be confronted and construed as operating within the discourse of Russian religious philosophy. Examining the concept of Providence represents a new approach to the study of Russian religious philosophy as Christian ideology, one that highlights the social significance of Russian religious philosophy in late imperial Russian civil society and that allows us to situate Russian religious thought in international and interconfessional comparative perspective, as one part of a broader twentieth-century European and American manifestation of politicized traditionalist Christianity that arose in response to the perceived cultural threat of nihilism.
Multiply loaded, ac magnetic trap for neutral atoms.

We have demonstrated an oscillating-gradient magnetic trap for confining cesium atoms in the lowest-energy spin state. In this state spin-flip collisions are energetically forbidden and thus the primary density- and temperature-limiting process for magnetic traps is eliminated. The atoms are initially collected in a vapor-cell optical trap, then repetitively tossed into a high-vacuum region, focused in three dimensions, and accumulated in the magnetic trap. An optical pumping scheme inserts each new batch of atoms into the magnetic trap without perturbing the atoms already trapped.
IO-Lite: a unified I/O buffering and caching system

This article presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of IO -Lite, a unified I/O buffering and caching system for general-purpose operating systems. IO-Lite unifies all buffering and caching in the system, to the extent permitted by the hardware. In particular, it allows applications, the interprocess communication system, the file system, the file cache, and the network subsystem to safely and concurrently share a single physical copy of the data. Protection and security are maintained through a combination of access control and read-only sharing. IO-Lite eliminates all copying and multiple buffering of I/O data, and enables various cross-subsystem optimizations. Experiments with a Web server show performance improvements between 40 and 80% on real workloads as a result of IO-Lite.
On-Line Processing of Pressure-Sensitive Paint Images

This paper documents a milestone that has been reached at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, namely to reduce data reduction time for pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) images sufficiently that one data point can be processed in full while the next data point is being collected. Specifically, it is shown that for both intensity-based and lifetime-based PSP, data reduction from all eight cameras in the wind tunnel can be accomplished in 5 to 10 seconds. This milestone was achieved through improvements in hardware, software, and the implementation of parallel processing, all of which are described in this paper. Different processing schemes are discussed, and timing results are presented for benchmark data sets from wind tunnel tests on scale models of an F-16C and NASA’s X-38.
Quantum algorithms for the Jones polynomial

This paper gives a generalization of the AJL algorithm for quantum computation of the Jones polynomial to continuous ranges of values on the unit circle for the Jones parameter. We show that the Kauffman-Lomonaco 3-strand algorithm for the Jones polynomial is a special case of this generalization of the AJL algorithm.
Neutrino masses and mixing with general mass matrices

Abstract We consider the most general neutrino masses and mixings including Dirac mass terms, M D , as well as Majorana masses, M R and M L . Neither the Majorana nor the Dirac mass matrices are expected to be diagonal in the eigenbasis of weak interactions, and so the resulting eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are admixtures of SU(2) L singlet and doublet fields of different “generations.” We show that for three generations each of doublet and singlet neutrinos, diagonalization of the Hamiltonian to obtain the propagating eigenstates in the general case requires diagonalization of a 12×12 Hermitian matrix, rather than the traditional 6×6 symmetric mass matrix. The symmetries of the 12×12 matrix are such that it has 6 pairs of real eigenvalues. Although the standard “see-saw” mechanism remains valid, and indeed the eigenvalues obtained are identical to the standard ones, the correct description of diagonalization and mixing is more complicated. The analogs of the CKM matrix for the light and the heavy neutrinos are nonunitary, enriching the opportunities for CP violation in the full neutrino sector.
Ni(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Acetylenes to α,β-Enones

Alkynylaluminum reagents undergo enantioselective conjugate addition to cyclic α,β-enones in the presence of chiral bisphosphine complexes of Ni(II).
Seebach's conjunctive reagent enables double cyclizations.

When ketones flanked on both sides by nucleophilic atoms react with Seebach’s nitropropenyl pivaloate reagent, direct couplings take place to give two new ring systems and three bonds. Cis-ring fusions are observed in unions leading to 5,5-, 5,6-, and 6,6-bicycles. Densely functionalized and rigid frameworks may be rapidly formed by the chemistry described herein.
Automatic Balancing of Bladed-Disk/Shaft System via Passive Autobalancer Devices

Autobalancers for rotor/bearing systems are passive devices consisting of eccentrically mounted balance masses that freely revolve around the rotor's axis of rotation. At certain supercritical speeds, the balancer mass positions naturally adjust to cancel the rotor imbalance. This automatic-balancing phenomena occurs as a result of nonlinear dynamic interaction between the balancer masses and the rotor's lateral vibration. Previous studies have found that autobalancers can effectively compensate for mass imbalance in planar rigid rotors such as hard-disk drives and flywheels, however, their use in bladed-disk and turbomachinery applications has not been previously considered. This study explores the dynamics and stability of a flexible bladed-disk/rotor-bearing system equipped with a dual-ball automatic-balancing device. It is found that the autobalancer effectively compensates for both mass and aerodynamic imbalances produced by a bladed-loss condition over a wide revolutions/minute range at speeds above the first lateral natural frequency. It is also shown that for stable automatic balancing to occur, the ratio of automatic balancer damping to the blade aerodynamic drag coefficient must be above some critical value. The analysis demonstrates that the automatic balancer is able to simultaneously reduce both bearing loads and blade deflections for a simulated blade-loss event.
Use of Traveling Magnetic Fields to Control Melt Convection

An axially travelling magnetic wave induces a meridional base flow in an electrically conducting molten cylindrical zone. This flow can be beneficial for crystal growth applications. In particular, it can be effectively used to stir the melt in long cylindrical columns. It can also be tailored to modify the thermal and species concentration fields in the melt and to control the interface shape of the growing crystal. The basic theory of such an application is developed and data from a preliminary mercury column experiment are presented.
Blue shift of spontaneous emission in hyperbolic metamaterial

Spontaneous emission is one of the most fundamental quantum phenomena in optics. Following the seminal work of Purcell and in agreement with the Fermi's Golden Rule, its rate can be controlled with the photonic density of states (PDOS). In recent years, this effect has been demonstrated in metamaterials with hyperbolic dispersion – highly anisotropic composite materials, which have a broad-band singularity of the density of photonic states. At this time, we show that hyperbolic metamaterials can control spontaneous emission spectra as well. Experimentally, DCM laser dye has been embedded into lamellar metal/dielectric metamaterial. The observed 18 nm blue shift of emission is explained by strong dispersion of the density of photonic states. On the other hand, practically no spectral shift has been observed in the excitation spectra of the same dye. This suggests that the effect of PDOS on spontaneous emission is very different from its effect on excitation and absorption.
Nabla discrete fractional calculus and nabla inequalities

Here we define a Caputo like discrete nabla fractional difference and we produce discrete nabla fractional Taylor formulae for the first time. We estimate their remainders. Then we derive related discrete nabla fractional Opial, Ostrowski, Poincare and Sobolev type inequalities.
VUPoints: collaborative sensing and video recording through mobile phones

Mobile phones are becoming a convergent platform for sensing, computation, and communication. This paper envisions VUPoints, a collaborative sensing and video-recording system that takes advantage of this convergence. Ideally, when multiple phones in a social gathering run VUPoints, the output is expected to be a short video-highlights of the occasion, created without human intervention. To achieve this, mobile phones must sense their surroundings and collaboratively detect events that qualify for recording. Short video-clips from different phones can be combined to produce the highlights of the occasion. This paper reports exploratory work towards this longer term project. We present a feasibility study, and show how social events can be sensed through mobile phones and used as triggers for video-recording. While false positives cause inclusion of some uninteresting videos, we believe that further research can significantly improve the efficacy of the system.
Expansions for eigenfunction and eigenvalues of large-$n$ Toeplitz matrices

This paper constructs methods for finding convergent expansions for eigenvectors and eigenvalues of large- Toeplitz matrices based on a situation in which the analogous infinite- matrix would be singular. It builds upon work done by Dai, Geary, and Kadanoff [H Dai et al., J. Stat. Mech. P05012 (2009)] on exact eigenfunctions for Toeplitz operators which are infinite-dimension Toeplitz matrices. One expansion for the finite- case is derived from the operator eigenvalue equations obtained by continuing the finite- Toeplitz matrix to plus infinity. A second expansion is obtained by continuing the finite- matrix to minus infinity. The two expansions work together to give an apparently convergent expansion for the finite- eigenvalues and eigenvectors, based upon a solvability condition for determining eigenvalues. The expansions involve an expansion parameter expressed as an inverse power of . A variational principle is developed, which gives an approximate expression for determining eigenvalues. The lowest order asymptotics for eigenvalues and eigenvectors agree with the earlier work [H Dai et al., J. Stat. Mech. P05012 (2009)]. The eigenvalues have a term as their leading finite- correction in the central region of the spectrum. The correction in this region is obtained here for the first time. Received: 19 October 2009; Accepted: 29 September 2010; Edited by: A. G. Green; Reviewed by: T. Ehrhardt, Math. Dept., Univ. California, Santa Cruz, USA; DOI: 10.4279/PIP.020003
Structure—Property relationships for exciton transfer in conjugated polymers

Conjugated polymers (CPs) are useful materials that combine the optoelectronic properties of semiconductors with the mechanical properties and processing advantages of plastics. In general, CPs in their neutral state are wide band-gap semiconductors with direct band gaps [1]. Many CPs have an extremely large absorption cross section (σ ≈ 10−15 cm2) because the π → π* transition is allowed and the quasi one-dimensional electronic wavefunctions have a high density of states at the band edge [2]. Additionally, a CP can exhibit strong luminescence depending on the system. The luminescence efficiency is primarily related to the delocalization and polarization of the electronic structure of the CP [1].
Optical surface resonances hide the gap in photonic crystals

Photonic crystals possessing a photonic band gap (PBG) are expected to reflect all photons with frequencies that lie within the gap. Recently, high reflectivity (over 90%) peaks associated to a PBG have been reported for colloidal crystals infiltrated with silicon (Blanco et al., 2000). Here we show that this high reflectance is not due to the bulk PBG but rather an optical resonance on the surface that prevents the coupling of photons to the structure for over a wide range which masks the PGB, leading to potentially misleading measurements. We demonstrate that by modifying the surface geometry it is possible to tune the optical response of the resonance and even eliminate it to allow the practical use of the bulk photonic properties. In this contribution, we show both experimental measurements and theoretical simulations (Farjadpour et al., 2006) (FDTD) that reveal this effect.
Microbial causes of neonatal conjunctivitis

We assessed the microbial causes of neonatal conjunctivitis by comparing 55 infants with purulent conjunctivitis and 60 healthy control infants. A mean of >5 leukocytes per 1000× microscopic field was seen in Gram-stained smears obtained from the more inflamed eye in 77% of 30 untreated patients but none of 57 controls. Pathogens isolated more often from untreated patients than from controls included Haemophilus spp. (17% vs 2%, P=0.01). Staphylococcus aureus (17% vs 2%, P=0.01). Chlamydia trachomatis (14% vs 0%, P=0.01), enterococci (8% vs 0%, P=0.05), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (11% vs 2%, P=0.06). One or more of these pathogens were isolated from the conjunctivae in 58% of patients and 5% of controls (P
Polymorphism of Ps (parotid size variant) and detection of a protein (PmS) related to the Pm (parotid middle band) system with genetic linkage of Ps and Pm to Gl, Db, and Pr genetic determinants.

Genetic polymorphism of the Ps (parotid size variant) proteins found in saliva is determined by autosomal inheritance of two expressed and one unexpressed allele. This hypothesis is supported by studies in 43 families including 153 children. Gene frequencies determined for 150 randomly collected salivas from whites and 101 randomly collected salivas from blacks are as follows: for whites, Ps 1=0.598, Ps 2=0.101, Ps 0=0.301; for blacks, Ps 1=0.185, Ps 2=0.126, and Ps 0=0.689. The electrophoretic polymorphism is manifested by apparent differences in molecular weights between Ps proteins. The Ps proteins are glycosylated and have an approximate isoelectric point of pI 8.1 as determined by isoelectric focusing in gels. We have also found in saliva the presence of a protein (PmS) which shows strong positive correlations with the presence of the smaller sized Pm (PmF) salivary protein described by Ikemoto et al. (1977). This suggested that PmS is probably part of the Pm protein polymorphic system. For randomly collected salivas from whites, the gene frequencies are PmF+=0.15 (N=140) and PmS+=0.12 (N=150). For randomly collected salivas from blacks, the gene frequency is PmS+=0.24 (N=101). The gene frequency of PmF+ was not determined. Family studies support autosomal inheritance of PmF and PmS proteins. There is strong evidence for linkage of Pm to the proline-rich protein (PPP) “region” (11 families, lod score at ϑ=0.01 is 7.64) and of Ps to the PPP “region” (13 families, lod score at ϑ=0.01 is 11.50). Protein products of six linked loci (Pr, Pa, Db, Ps, Pm, and Gl), when tested against rabbit anti-Gl antiserum, show immunological reactions of partial or complete identity with each other by double diffusion analysis.
Subject Access through Community Partnerships: A Case Study

SUMMARY Innovations in scholarly communication have resulted in changing roles for authors, publishers, and libraries. Traditional roles are disappearing and players are actively seeking or reluctantly assuming new roles. Library roles are changing as they become involved in building and indexing electronic(e-) repositories and supporting new modes of e-research. A library-run service, the SPIRES particle physics databases, has not only weathered, but also led, many of the transitions that have shaped the landscape of e-publishing and e-research. This has been possible through an intense and in-depth partnership with its user community. The strategies used and lessons learned can help other libraries craft cost-effective roles in this new environment.
Gromov Invariants and Symplectic Maps

Given a symplectomorphism f of a symplectic manifold X, one can form the `symplectic mapping cylinder' $X_f = (X \times R \times S^1)/Z$ where the Z action is generated by $(x,s,t)\mapsto (f(x),s+1,t)$. In this paper we compute the Gromov invariants of the manifolds $X_f$ and of fiber sums of the $X_f$ with other symplectic manifolds. This is done by expressing the Gromov invariants in terms of the Lefschetz zeta function of f and, in special cases, in terms of the Alexander polynomials of knots. The result is a large set of interesting non-Kahler symplectic manifolds with computational ways of distinguishing them. In particular, this gives a simple symplectic construction of the `exotic' elliptic surfaces recently discovered by Fintushel and Stern and of related `exotic' symplectic 6-manifolds.
Character sheaves on disconnected groups, X

We classify the unipotent character sheaves on a fixed connected component of a reductive algebraic group under a mild hypothesis on the characteristic of the ground field.
Cointegration: how short is the long run?

Abstract When testing for cointegration and faced with short sample periods, it is common for researchers to turn to more frequently sampled observations, that is, to move from annual to quarterly or monthly data, in order to increase the number of observations. We argue that such a gain in the degrees of freedom is more apparent than real. Essentially, cointegration is a long-run concept and hence requires long spans of data to give tests for cointegration much power rather than merely large numbers of observations. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate this for four popular tests for cointegration.
Bifurcation analysis of the load flow equations

The bifurcation of the load flow equation of a power transmission network with PV buses and lossless lines is studied. This analysis has application in the development of numerical continuation methods.
Variability of the I131 Concentrations in the Milk Distribution System of Large City

Late in 1962, when dairy products in New York City were contaminated with I131 from U.S.S.R. nuclear tests then in progress, studies were made of the variability of the I131 content of the milk from twenty-one of the milk processing plants in New York City. The measurements, which were made on 4 separate days, indicate that the variations from dairy to dairy were random in nature and that at the end of an extended period of sampling, such as 1 month, the mean concentrations of the mill; from the various dairies would not have been significantly different from each other. It was concluded that during the period when the studies were conducted, the practice of analyzing single daily random samples of the milk of New York City provided a satisfactory estimate for the milk supply as a whole.
Extended scope of in situ iodotrimethylsilane mediated selective reduction of benzylic alcohols

Iodotrimethylsilane, generated in situ from chlorotrimethylsilane and sodium iodide in acetonitrile, selectively reduces moderately electron deficient benzylic alcohols to the analogous toluenes; other reduction sensitive functional groups such as ketone, aldehyde, nitrile, and nitro are unaffected.
Digital-carrier multi-band user codes for baseband UWB multiple access

The growing interest towards ultra-wideband (UWB) communications stems from its unique features such as baseband operation, ample multipath diversity, and the potential of enhanced user capacity. But since UWB has to overlay existing narrowband systems, multiple access has to be achieved in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI). However, existing baseband spreading codes for UWB multiple access are not flexible in handling NBI. In this paper, we introduce two novel spreading codes that not only enable baseband UWB multiple access, but also facilitate flexible NBI cancellation. We construct our codes using a single carrier or multiple carriers (SC or MC), which can be implemented with standard discrete-cosine transform (DCT) circuits. With our SC/MC codes, NBI can be avoided by simply nulling undesired digital carriers. Being digital, these SC/MC codes give rise to multi-band UWB systems, without invoking analog carriers. In addition, our SC/MC codes enable full multipath diversity, and maximum coding gains. Equally attractive is their capability to reduce the number of interfering users, with simple matched filter operations. Comprehensive simulations are also carried out to corroborate our analysis.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of environmentally sensitive single-molecule fluorophores

Spectroscopic studies of the DCDHF class of single-molecule fluorophores reveal a strong sensitivity to the local environment. Electronic structure calculations are performed in an effort to understand this environmental sensitivity and direct the synthesis of new derivatives
On a substitution subshift related to the Grigorchuk group

We study the dynamics of a substitution subshift given by the substitution a → aca, b → d, c → b, d → c, which is related to the Grigorchuk group. This dynamical system is shown to be, up to a countable set, conjugate to the binary odometer.
Discovery of Potent, Nonsteroidal, and Highly Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

An approach to the computer-assisted, pharmacophore design of nonsteroidal templates for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that contained an element of pseudo-C2 symmetry was developed. The enatiomer of the initial design, 1Ra, and not the designed molecule, 1S, showed the desired ligand binding to the GR. The pseudo-C2 symmetry of the template allowed for rapid improvements in GR activity resulting in potent, selective, nonsteroidal GR antagonists, CP-394531 and CP-409069.
Mapping low-level image features to semantic concepts

Humans tend to use high-level semantic concepts when querying and browsing multimedia databases; there is thus, a need for systems that extract these concepts and make available annotations for the multimedia data. The system presented in this paper satisfies this need by automatically generating semantic concepts for images form their low-level visual features. The proposed system is built in two stages. First, an adaptation of k-means clustering using a non- Euclidean similarity metric is applied to discover the natural patterns of the data in the low-level feature space; the cluster prototype is designed to summarize the cluster in a manner that is suited for quick human comprehension of its components. Second, statistics measuring the variation within each cluster are used to derive a set of mappings between the most significant low-level features and the most frequent keywords of the corresponding cluster. The set of the derived rules could be used further to capture the semantic content and index new untagged images added to the image database. The attachment of semantic concepts to images will also give the system the advantage of handling queries expressed in terms of keywords and thus, it reduces the semantic gap between the user's conceptualization of a query and the query that is actually specified to the system. While the suggested scheme works with any kind of low-level features, our implementation and description of the system is centered on the use of image color information. Experiments using a 21 00 image database are presented to show the efficacy of the proposed system.
On fiscal deficits, the real exchange rate and the world rate of interest

We use a full general-equilibrium two-country, two-period model with perfect capital markets, and intertemporal optimization and perfect foresight underlying private consumer behaviour in both countries, to analyse effects of pure fiscal policy. We demonstrate that higher government budget deficits in one country caused by a cut in commodity taxes today balanced by an equal present value increase tomorrow, will not be offset one for one by higher private savings, because of pure substitution effects triggered by the change in the intertemporal terms of trade the tax change causes. The country with the increased government deficit will therefore run a larger current account deficit which in turn unambiguously leads to higher world real interest rates. Whether a real appreciation results in the country with the higher deficit is shown to depend on the Metzler condition for an undereffected transfer: if ‘we’ spend more on our goods than ‘they’ spend on our goods (on the margin), government deficits will lead to an appreciation of the exchange rate of the country with the government deficit and vice versa.