cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Kelvin‐Helmholtz propagation at Saturn's dayside magnetopause

At Saturn's magnetopause, the shear flows are maximized (minimized) in the prenoon (postnoon) sector due to the rapid planetary rotation and the corotating magnetodisc. As such, the prenoon sector is expected to be more Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) unstable than the postnoon sector; however, in situ Cassini data analyses showed that the evidence of KH activity favors the postnoon sector. In this study, we use a two-dimensional MHD simulation to demonstrate that fast-growing KH modes strongly deform and diffuse the boundary layer on a time scale of a few minutes in the prenoon sector. Therefore, the KH observational signature is difficult to identify by spacecraft in the diffused boundary layer. KH vortices originating in the subsolar region (roughly from 10 to 14 local times) are transported to the postnoon sector and the wavelength is enlarged due to the gradient of shear flow, which is a plausible reason why KH events are more often observed in the postnoon sector. The prediction of the local boundary normal direction distribution as a function of spacecraft inward/outward crossing in the postnoon sector suggested by our simulation is qualitatively consistent with Cassini in situ observational results. We also discuss the impact of this dawn-dusk asymmetric Kelvin-Helmholtz evolution on magnetic reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause boundary.
Randomized clinical trial comparing botulinum toxin injections with 0.2 per cent nitroglycerin ointment for chronic anal fissure.

Background: In recent years treatment of chronic anal fissure has shifted from surgical to medical. This study compared the ability of two non-surgical treatments—botulinum toxin injections and nitroglycerin ointment—to induce healing in patients with idiopathic anal fissure. Methods: One hundred adults were assigned randomly to receive treatment with either type A botulinum toxin (30 units Botox® or 90 units Dysport®) injected into the internal anal sphincter or 0·2 per cent nitroglycerin ointment applied three times daily for 8 weeks. Results: After 2 months, the fissures were healed in 46 (92 per cent) of 50 patients in the botulinum toxin group and in 35 (70 per cent) of 50 in the nitroglycerin group (P = 0·009). Three patients in the botulinum toxin group and 17 in the nitroglycerin group reported adverse effects (P < 0·001). Those treated with botulinum toxin had mild incontinence to flatus that lasted 3 weeks after treatment but disappeared spontaneously, whereas nitroglycerin treatment was associated with transient, moderate-to-severe headaches. Nineteen patients who did not have a response to the assigned treatment crossed over to the other therapy. Conclusion: Although treatment with either topical nitroglycerin or botulinum toxin is effective as an alternative to surgery for patients with chronic anal fissure, botulinum toxin is the more effective option. Copyright © 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Was there unmet mental health need after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks?

This study examined the use of professionals for mental health problems among New York City residents who were directly affected by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) or had a probable diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression in its aftermath. Correlates of help seeking from professionals for mental health problems after the attacks and barriers to care were also assessed. Data were from a random digit dial telephone survey of 2,752 adults representative of the Greater New York Metropolitan area conducted 6 months after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Fifteen percent of those directly affected and 36% of those with probable PTSD or depression sought help from a professional for a mental health problem after the attacks. There was little new utilization of professionals for mental health problems after the attacks among persons who were not already receiving care prior to September 11. Barriers that prevented people from seeking help for mental health problems 6 months after the September 11 attacks included traditional barriers to care (e.g., cost) and barriers that are unique to the post-disaster context (e.g., the belief that others need the services more than oneself). This study suggests that there was potential unmet mental health need in New York City 6 months after the September 11 attacks on the WTC, but these findings should be tempered by research showing an apparent decrease in population-rates of PTSD. In the aftermath of a disaster, interventions should target persons with mental health needs who were not previously seeking help from a professional for a mental health problem.
Gastrointestinal Helminths of Three Species of Basiliscus (Squamata: Corytophanidae) from Central America

Gastrointestinal helminths are reported from 3 species of Basiliscus lizards from Central America: Basiliscus basiliscus, Basiliscus plumifrons, and Basiliscus vittatus. Found were 1 species of Digenea, Parallopharynx gonzalezi, and 4 species of Nematoda, Africana telfordi, Cyrtosomum scelopori, Falcaustra sp., and Physocephalus sp. Parallopharynx gonzalezi, in B. plumifrons and B. vittatus, and Africana telfordi and Physocephalus sp., in B. plumifrons, are new host records. Four new locality records are reported.
The normal anterior commissure of the glottis.

We characterized the normal width of the anterior commissure of the glottis by measuring its dimensions on CT scans obtained in patients who had no laryngeal disorders.CT scans of patients referred for cervical CT myelography were prospectively reviewed by a single board-certified radiologist. Axial images through the anterior commissure (localized by vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, the vocal muscle, or both) were magnified on the viewing console of the CT scanner. Window and level were chosen to simulate our routine settings for CT scans of the neck. Anteroposterior width of the anterior commissure was measured using an electronic ruler with 1-mm marks.Sixty-five patients were prospectively evaluated. Nine patients were excluded because of substantial motion artifact, and another 18 were excluded because CT images did not include the entire larynx. Thus, the final study group included 38 patients. The average width of the anterior commissure was 1.02 +/- 0.56 mm. The width was less than or equa...
bloody time and bloody scarcity: capitalism, authority, and the transformation of temporal experience in a Papua New Guinea village

This article argues that the development of perceptions that time is scarce is not simply the result of increases in the quantity of demand for a finite supply of time. Rather, in Koragur Village, Papua New Guinea, it is part of the larger process of incorporation into a capitalist political economy. The imposition of authoritative control over temporal conduct by external authorities and by new kinds of local leaders, together with the spread of the idea that time is scarce, are seen as mutually determining moments of this process of incorporation. Villagers who retain indigenous temporal orientations see the unwelcome imposition of authority where a Western observer would see “time scarcity.” These perceptions by villagers are, in a sense, more accurate than those of more acculturated individuals. Moreover, the process of acquiring industrial capitalist modes of thinking about, and experiencing, time is inseparable from struggles over the acceptance of new kinds of relations of authority. [temporal orientations, scarcity, economizing, leadership, peripheral capitalism]
Cytochemical and immunofluorescence study of an oncogenic avian adenovirus (CELO) in mammalian cell cultures.

Abstract Chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) virus replication studies in adult hamster kidney and green monkey kidney cell cultures by means of infectivity, cytochemistry, and fluorescent-antibody techniques indicated that replication in hamster kidney cells was limited to the production of neoantigen. Production of virus in green monkey kidney cells was limited but appeared to exceed the production of virus in hamster kidney cells. The data indicated that the replication cycle of CELO virus is abortive in hamster kidney and green monkey kidney cells.
Information by Design: How Employee Perceptions of Organizational Design Relate to Injury Reporting

Using survey methodology, this study examines employee perceptions of two key organizational design factors (employee empowerment and alignment of safety practices) and their relationship with nonreporting of employee injuries and near misses. Results show employee perceptions of alignment of safety practices are related to decreased levels of unreported near misses and unreported first aid injuries. However, perceptions of employee empowerment generated counterintuitive results, indicating empowerment is associated with increased levels of unreported near misses. Given the importance of reporting safety incidents, including near misses, to improving safety outcomes, the results reveal that organizational designs that empower employees with regard to safety may yield unintended—and undesirable—consequences.
A comparative study of mini-mental state exam and the Saint Louis University mental status for detecting mild cognitive impairment

Background: Screening instruments for cognitive impairment are frequently used in the elderly. The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is aimed to capture patients in the transition from normality to dementia. If MCI is identified patients could be informed about options for intervention and treatment that could delay the progression of this syndrome. Objective(s): To examine the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) as a screen for mild cognitive impairment; and to test if the SLUMS is more sensitive than the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) in mild cognitive screening. Methods: 100 patients age 55 and older attending the University of Texas Medical Branch Eye Clinic were consented to administer SLUMS and MMSE. After educational adjustments, 60% of the sample scored in the cognitive impairment range of the SLUMS but not on the MMSE. African American and Hispanic adults presented more cognitive impairment compared to white patients as defined by the SLUMS examination (OR, 2.80; 95% CI,1.05-7.44), independent of age, years of education and chronic diseases. Conclusion: These results suggest that the SLUMS examination is more sensitive to detect MCI than the MMSE.
Sensitivity analysis of quiescent signal analysis for defect detection

I/sub DDQ/ or steady state current testing has been extensively used in the industry as a mainstream defect detection and reliability screen. However, leakage current continues to increase significantly with each technology generation, making it difficult to use single threshold I/sub DDQ/ testing to differentiate between defective and defect-free chips. Alternative techniques that unprove the resolution of testing have been proposed to replace the single threshold detection scheme. All of these techniques use a single I/sub DDQ/ measurement per circuit configuration for detection and thus the scalability of these techniques is limited. Quiescent signal analysis (QSA) is a novel I/sub DDQ/ defect detection and diagnosis technique that uses measurements at multiple chip supply pads. The use of multiple measurements points per chip naturally scales down of leakage and can significantly improve detection of subtle defects. In this paper, regression and ellipse analysis of tile data collected from a test chip fabricated in a 65 nm process demonstrate the defect detection capabilities and limits of this technique.
Androgens Induce Functional CXCR4 through ERG Factor Expression in TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion-Positive Prostate Cancer Cells

TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts have been shown to be expressed in a majority of prostate cancer (PC) patients because of chromosomal translocations or deletions involving the TMPRSS2 gene promoter and the ERG gene coding sequence. These alterations cause androgen-dependent ERG transcription factor expression in PC patients. We and others have shown that chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression is upregulated in PC tumor cells, and its ligand, CXCL12, is expressed in bone stromal cells. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis functions in PC progression to enhance invasion and metastasis. To address the regulation of CXCR4 expression, we identified several putative ERG consensus-binding sites in the promoter region of CXCR4. We hypothesized that androgen-dependent regulation of the ERG transcription factor could induce CXCR4 expression in PC cells. Results of the current study show that 1) prostate tumor cells coexpress higher ERG and CXCR4 compared with benign tissue, 2) CXCR4 expression is increased in the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive cell line, 3) ERG transcription factor binds to the CXCR4 gene promoter, 4) synthetic androgen (R1881) upregulates both ERG and CXCR4 in TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive VCaP cells, 5) small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of ERG resulted in the loss of androgen-dependent regulation of CXCR4 expression in VCaP cells, and 6) R1881-activated TMPRSS2-ERG expression functionally activates CXCR4 in VCaP cells. These findings provide a link between TMPRSS2-ERG translocations and enhanced metastasis of tumor cells through CXCR4 function in PC cells.
Computer‐assisted audit tools and techniques: analysis and perspectives

In light of the increasing demand on auditors to make the audit more effective and efficient, this paper presents a brief summary of the most prominent computer assisted audit tools and techniques (CAATTs), which auditors can use to increase audit efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, the results of a survey of governmental auditors which inquired about their perceptions of a specific type of CAATTs (generalized audit software proxied by the use of Audit Control Language or ACL) are presented. Results show that auditors seemed to perceive the potential benefits associated with ACL; however, they displayed a lower confidence in their technical abilities in using the application. Also, the auditors surveyed expressed a desire to increase their skills through increased ACL training. Taken together, these results give audit decision makers evidence that additional technical training is needed and desired by auditors.
Channeling phenomenon in electromagnetic forward scattering at low grazing

Channeling phenomenon is a type of forward scattering and multipath that occasionally occurs when a well-formed sea wave briefly reflects or focuses the out-of-plane energy toward the receiver, yielding a higher than expected, broadband power gain. A series of X-band, forward-scattering measurements in a large wave tank observed multiple channeling events at low grazing angles. The wave tank simulated a one-dimensional, 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. During the measurements, channeling events were observed under crosswind wave conditions when a properly constructed wave trough, coinciding with the radar's line of sight, channeled or focused the out-of-plane, forward-scattered energy toward the receiver. Presented is a summary of the channeling events observed and a physical model of the channeling phenomenon based on experimental observations and numerical simulations.
What is Your Guess? Conflicting Calcium Concentrations in the Presence of Low Albumin after Bone Marrow Transplantation

### CASE DESCRIPTION A leukemia patient was admitted to the hospital for a bone marrow transplant. Calcium boluses were administered before transplantation for hypocalcemia [Ionized calcium: 0.97 mmol/L (3.9 mg/dL); reference interval, 1.05–1.27 mmol/L (4.2–5.1 mg/dL). Total calcium: 2.00 mmol/L (8.0 mg/dL); reference interval, 2.22–2.67 mmol/L (8.9–10.7 mg/dL)]. After undergoing transplantation, the patient developed hypertension and had a low hematocrit and platelet count. His calcium concentration continued to be low despite the calcium administration. By 12 …
Formal verification of practical MPI programs

This paper considers the problem of formal verification of MPI programs operating under a fixed test harness for safety properties without building verification models. In our approach, we directly model-check the MPI/C source code, executing its interleavings with the help of a verification scheduler. Unfortunately, the total feasible number of interleavings is exponential, and impractical to examine even for our modest goals. Our earlier publications formalized and implemented a partial order reduction approach that avoided exploring equivalent interleavings, and presented a verification tool called ISP. This paper presents algorithmic and engineering innovations to ISP, including the use of OpenMP parallelization, that now enables it to handle practical MPI programs, including:(i)~ParMETIS - a widely used hypergraph partitioner, and (ii)~MADRE - a Memory Aware Data Re-distribution Engine, both developed outside our group. Over these benchmarks, ISP has automatically verified up to 14K lines of MPI/C code, producing error traces of deadlocks and assertion violations within seconds.
A Simple Self-Contained Incubator for Cichlid Eggs

Abstract This report describes a simplified, low-cost method for artificially incubating eggs of mouth-brooding tilapia Oreochromis spp. The complete incubator consists of an aquarium and a core element that agitates the eggs with a low-head airlift pump. This technique was flexible and simple in design and construction. In addition, the technique was self-contained and in most circumstances required only a source of compressed air to function. Using a 0.3-L egg chamber within a 38-L aquarium, up to 1,000 tilapia eggs were successfully reared to swim-up fry with minimal losses (5–10%). A commercial test using a 95-L reservoir and multiple cores consistently produced batches exceeding 15,000 fry. This technique is suited for both commercial hatchery and middle school through college laboratory use.
Alternative models of demand for automobiles

Abstract This paper uses data on automobile purchases to compare two alternatives to the multinomial logit model. The results indicate that the nested logit model is likely to be superior to the more general Berry–Levinsohn–Pakes model for applications using aggregate-level data.
A Fourier approach to camera orientation

Recovering camera orientation with respect to a known coordinate system is of great significance to photogrammetry and binocular stereo. In binocular stereo, the relative orientation between a camera pair may be obtained from the orientation of each camera with respect to a common frame. In this paper a Fourier technique is presented to determine the orientation of a camera with respect to a calibration object. This technique is limited to orthographic projection, but has two major strengths of; being very accurate, and the camera orientation being entirely decoupled from translation. >
Tapioca Starch-poly (lactic acid)-based Nanocomposite Foams as Affected by Type of Nanoclay

Abstract Tapioca starch (TS), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and clay nanocomposite foams, with three clays (Cloisite 30B, Na+, and 20A), were prepared by melt-intercalation method. The structural, thermal, physical and mechanical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Instron universal testing machine, respectively. XRD results indicated that the intercalation of TS/PLA into the nanoclay layers occurred for all three clays. The extents of intercalation depended on the types of clay and were exhibited in the sequence of Cloisite 30B>Na+ > 20A. At the same time, a mixture of intercalation and tactoid phenomena was observed for the TS/PLA/Cloisite Na+ nanocomposite. SEM results indicated a decrease in cell size of the TS/PLA foam matrix with the addition of nanoclay and cells had hexagonal and pentagonal shapes. Melting temperature (Tm) decreased with the addition of clays into TS/PLA matrix. Expansion ratios of t...
Attention deficits and hyperactivity-impulsivity: What have we learned, what next?

The domains of self-regulation, self-control, executive function, inattention, and impulsivity cut across broad swathes of normal and abnormal development. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a common syndrome that encompasses a portion of these domains. In the past 25 years research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been characterized by dramatic advances in genetic, neural, and neuropsychological description of the syndrome as well as clarification of its multidimensional phenotypic structure. The limited clinical applicability of these research findings poses the primary challenge for the next generation. It is likely that clinical breakthroughs will require further refinement in describing heterogeneity or clinical/biological subgroups, renewed focus on the environment in the form of etiological events as well as psychosocial contexts of development, and integration of both with biological understanding.
A simplified surge and swab pressure model for yield power law fluids

Abstract Surge and swab pressures can be generated in different stages of well construction including tripping operations and reciprocation of drillstring in the wellbore. Significant surge and swab pressures can lead to a number of costly drilling problems such as lost circulation, formation fracture, fluid influx, kicks, and blowouts. This phenomenon is of economic importance for the oil industry. Theoretical and field studies indicate that pressure surges strongly depend on drillpipe tripping speeds, wellbore geometry, flow regime, fluid rheology, and whether the pipe is open or closed. Although a large number of studies were conducted in the past to investigate surge and swab pressures, experiments under controlled laboratory conditions have never been reported. This paper presents results of an experimental study aimed at investigating the effects of pipe speed (i.e., tripping speed), fluid properties and borehole geometry on surge and swab pressures under laboratory conditions. Other phenomena such as fluid gelling and pipe eccentricity effects were also examined. Experiments were performed in a test setup that has the capability of varying the tripping speed and accurately measure the surge or swab pressures. The setup consists of fully transparent polycarbonate tubing and inner steel pipe, which moves axially using a speed-controlled hoisting system. Experiments were conducted using mineral oil and polymeric fluids. A new regression model has been developed to calculate surge and swab pressures under steady-state flow conditions. The model is based on the results of approximate numerical solutions obtained by considering the annulus as a narrow slot. Model predictions were compared with experimental measurements and predictions of existing models. A satisfactory agreement has been obtained. Experimental results and model predictions confirm that the trip speed, fluid rheology, annular clearance and pipe eccentricity significantly affect the surge and swab pressures.
seeQTL: a searchable database for human eQTLs

Summary: seeQTL is a comprehensive and versatile eQTL database, including various eQTL studies and a meta-analysis of HapMap eQTL information. The database presents eQTL association results in a convenient browser, using both segmented local-association plots and genome-wide Manhattan plots. Availability and implementation: seeQTL is freely available for non-commercial use at http://www.bios.unc.edu/research /genomic_software/seeQTL/.
Valacyclovir in the treatment of genital herpes and herpes zoster

Genital herpes is prevalent and sometimes debilitating. Likewise, herpes zoster ('shingles') can be painful and often disabling. The treatment of these conditions has been advanced over the past two decades by the introduction of guanosine nucleoside antivirals such as valacyclovir (Valtrex), Glaxo Wellcome), the highly bioavailable prodrug of acyclovir (Zovirax), Glaxo Wellcome). This review describes the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability of valacyclovir and considers its clinical attributes in the context of those of the antivirals, acyclovir and famciclovir (Famvir), SmithKline Beecham). The data demonstrate that valacyclovir is more effective than placebo and as effective as other antivirals in the episodic and suppressive treatment of recurrent genital herpes. Valacyclovir is the only antiviral shown to be effective with a short (3-day) course in the episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes, as well as with once-daily dosing for daily suppressive therapy. In herpes zoster, valacyclovir is as effective as famciclovir and more effective than either placebo or acyclovir at facilitating cutaneous healing and healing of zoster-associated pain and post-herpetic neuralgia. Valacyclovir is well tolerated, with convenient dosing frequencies for the treatment of genital herpes or herpes zoster, it also has the option for use as a short course therapy in the episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes, all of which are important benefits in the management of these conditions.
The influence of labels and facts on children's and adults' categorization.

Abstract Language has been assumed to influence categorization for both adults and children but the precise role and potency of linguistic labels in category formation remains open. Here we explore how linguistic labels help fit objects into categories when relevant perceptual information is either ambiguous or inconsistent with the labels. We also ask how the effects of labels compare to those of other types of information such as facts. We presented 4-year-old children and adults with tasks in which they had to categorize a perceptually ambiguous natural-kind stimulus with one of two equidistant standards (Exp. 1 and 2) or group an ambiguous natural-kind stimulus into a category with a perceptually dissimilar standard (Exp. 3). Participants had access to labels (e.g., “This one is a lorp/pim”), observable facts (e.g., “This one has a long/short beak”), or unobservable facts (e.g., “This one drinks water/milk”) that grouped the ambiguous stimulus with one of the standards. Both children and adults followed label- and fact-driven category boundaries for perceptually ambiguous stimuli (Exp. 1 and 2), and continued to do so even when the labels or facts pointed to perceptually incongruent categories (Exp. 3). These findings suggest a strong causal role for both labels and facts in categorization and have implications about theories of how categorization develops in children.
Drift Group Mobility

The drift group mobility model that provides a general framework to frame different group mobility models including individual mobility is described. The constraint-free attractivity between nodes and structures like mobile nodes are moving in presence of obstacles of the DGMM is explained along with simulation results.
The History of Incidentally Discovered Penetrating Aortic Ulcers of the Abdominal Aorta.

Background The management of incidentally discovered penetrating ulcers of the abdominal aorta (PUAA) is not well described. Methods A search of computed tomography (CT) angiography imaging reports for the words “penetrating ulcer” was performed from October 2010 to August 2011. Patients with a PUAA were identified, and their clinical course was followed through December 2014 ( n = 53). No specific intervention for the ulcers was sought unless additional aortic pathology necessitated intervention. Prospective and retrospective review of imaging was performed by dedicated vascular radiologists. Aortic diameters and ulcer dimensions were measured for patients with repeat imaging. Mann–Whitney U , Fisher’s exact, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results The calculated incidence of PUAA for patients undergoing CT imaging was 0.48%. Age at diagnosis was 71.6 ± 10.5 years in a population that included 35 (66.0%) males. Repeat imaging was performed for 29 (54.7%) patients. Median clinical and imaging follow-up was 36 (1–127) months and 34 (1–89) months. A history of hypertension (92.5%), hyperlipidemia (77.4%), and tobacco use (81.8%) was common. Twenty-seven (50.9%) had concomitant aneurysms not necessarily associated with PUAA. No aortic aneurysm or PUAA rupture occurred, but the population was sick with 19 patients (35.8%) deceased at the end of the study. Median aortic diameter growth rate through the PUAA was 0.5 (0–11.4) mm/year. No difference in mortality or aortic pathology was detected in patients with aortic growth rates >1 mm/year compared with P = 0.21 and P = 0.71, respectively). Conclusions Patients with PUAA in general are elderly with multiple comorbidities. A large percentage of patients have concurrent, separate, aortic pathology, most frequently aortic aneurysms. Small changes in the appearance of the PUAA were frequent but did not equate with abdominal aortic catastrophe. Long-term mortality for this population was high, but the ulcer growth during follow-up did not suggest PUAA treatment would improve survival.
Community and Neighborhood Organization

There are four compelling reasons why community psychologists should be directly concerned with community and neighborhood organization: 1 Community organizing, through both the process and product of action, should ordinarily lead to personal empowerment, wellness, and increased competence for those involved; that is, to individual outcomes that are among the primary goals of our discipline 2 Community organization, when successful, should also result in better communities; “better” in terms of the community’s expressed needs. That is, there should bebona fide community accomplishments to point to and tangible improvements in place 3 Scholarly reports (e.g., Berry, Portney, & Thomson, 1993; Fisher, 1985; Homan, 1994; Mattaini & Thyer, 1996; Mattesich & Monsey, 1997; Minkler, 1997; Mondros & Wilson; 1994; Mott, 1997; Wandersman & Florin, Chapter, 11, this volume; Wittig & Bettencourt, 1996) and popular accounts as well (e.g., Alinsky, 1971; Dyson & Dyson, 1989; Kahn, 1982; Medoff & Sklar, 1994) suggest that community organization does, in fact, lead to such positive outcomes, for both individuals and communities. Moreover, psychological research suggests that community organization may have additional personal and social consequences that we view as desirable: greater happiness(Campbell, 1981; Diener, 1984), increased neighboring (Ahlbrandt, 1984), stronger social support networks (Pilisuk & Parks, 1986; Taylor, Repetti, & Seeman, 1997), and lower individual and community pathology (Aneshensel, 1992; Gesten & Jason, 1987; Heller, 1990; House, Umberson, & Landis, 1988; Kretzmann & McKnight, 1993; Naparstek, Biegel, & Spiro, 1982; Rodin, 1985) 4 Finally, in times of economic downturn or worse, community organization can stimulate cooperation and local self-reliance, at little or no cost, thus cushioning and protecting the community from outside adversity
Popular Culture, Curriculum, and Historical Representation: The Situation of Native Americans in American History and the Perpetuation of Stereotypes

AbstractAn examination of how Native Americans come to be represented in classroom history lessons demonstrates how the shared cultural biases of teachers and students mediate the representation of different racial and ethnic groups in American history. Although multiple representations of Native Americans are present in the curriculum, a romanticized and stereotypical representation of Native Americans as nomadic, buffalo-hunting Plains Indians is privileged over alternative representations in the classroom. This is due not only to the influence of popular images of Indians found in mainstream American culture, but also to the use of a Eurocentric narrative that emphasizes the presence of nomadic Plains Indians in American history while marginalizing the existence of other Native Americans. These findings suggest that efforts to create a multicultural history curriculum through the addition of women and people of color to the existing narrative of American history may do little to challenge the perpetuation of racial and ethnic stereotypes. (Sociology; Education; Culture)
Respiration monitoring using a wireless network with space and frequency diversities

Non-invasive respiration monitoring of a person has many human-centric applications. In this paper, we use received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from a wireless network to perform non-contact respiration rate monitoring. We develop a low-cost monitoring system that uses multiple commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) radios operating on multiple frequency channels. We propose a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) to estimate respiration rate from RSSI on multiple links and multiple channels. Our experimental results show that the system is more robust to user orientations and postures. The system is over 40% more accurate than previous systems for eight human subject experiments.
Constructive Logic and Layout Synthesis

This dissertation examines the extension of constructive library-aware logic synthesis to the physical placement stage of integrated circuit design. Constructive logic synthesis differs from traditional synthesis approaches in that it builds a circuit netlist incrementally starting from the primary inputs and proceeding towards the primary outputs. In each iteration of this procedure, the semantic structure of the unsynthesized logic functions is utilized to identify and extract a small subcircuit that consists of library primitives reflecting that structure. In particular, functional symmetry is used to obtain support-reducing decompositions that lead to high-quality implementations in terms of both area and delay. Effectively, the algorithm interleaves the steps of technology-independent decomposition and technology-dependent mapping into library cells in a way that mitigates its greedy nature. Conjecturing that the addition of a placement step to this methodology would further improve synthesis quality we developed the COLOSSEUM system which synthesizes circuits by incremental decomposition, mapping, and placement. We describe the algorithms used in COLOSSEUM and analyze the quality of the designs it generates under a variety of options for decomposition and placement. The empirical results we obtained, however, suggest that adding a placement step to constructive synthesis produces no noticeable improvement in design quality. This strongly suggests that our original conjecture is false, and we examine possible reasons for such a negative result.
Analysis of diarrhea status among children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hubei province

Objective To understand the two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea among children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hubei province. Method A total of 2 330children under 5years old were investigated using cluster random sampling method in 8 cities(counties)in rural areas of Hubei. Results The two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea was8.1%among children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hubei province.There was no significant difference between boys(8.2%)and girls(7.9%).The result showed that the two-week prevalence rate became lower with the increase of children's age overall.But the rate showed upgrade firstly than descending latter tendency.The two-week prevalence rate was lowest(2.2%)among children aged 46～59 months,while it was highest(13.8%)among those aged 6～11 months.The two weeks prevalence rates were highest among children from middle-income area,while it was lowest among those from high-income area,the rates were 13.5% and 4.6%,respectively.The results also showed that the two-week prevalence rates among those whose mothers aged25 years old when they were borned were higher than those whose mothers aged≤25 years old(10.4% vs 6.7%).Those children whose mothers with primary and secondary educational level had the highest rate of11.9%,while those whose mother with junior high school education level had the lowest of 6.9%.The two-week prevalence rate was higher among children whose mothers worked outside the home when compared with those whose mothers didn't(9.9% vs 7.2%).Children with a family per capita income≤3 000 yuan over the past year had the highest rate(11.7%),and those with a family per capita income6 000 yuan had the lowest rate of 7.1%. Conclusions The two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea is high among children under 5 years old in rural areas of Hubei province.And the age of chlidren,age of the mother when the child was borned,mother's education and mothers work outside the home or not and family economics may be the influencing factors.
Collagenoma in an African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis).

A 3-y-old female Xenopus laevis was reported for a gray mass on the abdomen. The frog was used for egg collection and was otherwise experimentally naive. On physical exam, the frog was bright and active and had a firm, gray, lobulated mass (1.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm) in the cutaneous tissue of the left lateral abdomen. An excisional biopsy was performed under anesthesia, and the entire mass was removed and processed for histopathology. Microscopically, the dermis was greatly expanded by connective tissue with a marked decrease in the number of glands, and occasional degenerative glands were present. When stained with Masson trichrome, the excessive connective tissue stained blue, indicating that it was composed of collagen. With Verhoeff-van Gieson staining, the connective tissue stained bright red with an absence of black-staining material, demonstrating the presence of collagen and ruling out elastic fibers. In light of the morphology of the mass and the results of the special stains, the mass was diagnosed as a collagenoma. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of a collagenoma in X. laevis.
A method for quantitative total marrow imaging (QTMI) with PET/CT

The application of PET/CT to hematological diseases and bone marrow analysis has been stunted from a lack of standardization for bone marrow analysis, preventing comparisons across studies. The purpose of this study was to establish an automated, quantitative method to analyze total bone marrow, which we term quantitative total marrow imaging (QTMI). [F-18] fluorothymidine (FLT) PET/CT imaging can be used to image the proliferation of bone marrow. In QTMI, bone marrow is isolated from FLT images and analyzed on a whole patient level as well as on the skeletal region level. PET/CT images are segmented into multiple anatomical regions, such as the pelvis. Segmented skeletal regions are registered across time points to create voxel-to-voxel response images. QTMI was applied to two cohorts of patients—patients with healthy bone marrow and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)—to demonstrate its applications to assess bone marrow activity and treatment response. Two sensitivity studies of QTMI were performed; QTMI outputs were evaluated for sensitivity to different SUV thresholds and for sensitivity to misregistration. We found that using a SUV threshold between 0.25 and 0.5 g ml−1 for QTMI results in minimal changes in SUV metrics. Response values were found to be robust to misregistration up to a single voxel (0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 cm), resulting in an average change of only 5.1 ± 0.4% (range 0%–12%). The healthy bone marrow distribution from QTMI was not significantly different from previous studies. QTMI was applied to two AML patients in a feasibility study to demonstrate treatment response analysis, which when applied to a large patient population could provide valuable insight into patient response to therapy. QTMI provides a unique tool that enables reproducible identification and analysis of total bone marrow from FLT PET/CT images, improving quantitative imaging accuracy.
eMot-iCan: Design of an assessment game for emotion recognition in players with Autism

We present an emotion recognition game, eMot-iCan, that is designed to assess and possibly remediate social accessibility in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The game tests the theory that atypical attention patterns are at the root of several of the features that characterize ASD. These features include impaired social and communicative skills, difficulty in adapting to changing environments, and academic underachievement. Our framework applies trials designed by domain experts that allow for standard repeatable measures across sessions and players. The game is designed to go beyond drilling skills; instead it aims to assess and customize learning. We are currently piloting the game with administrators of the game and with players with a wide range of skills and abilities for the assessment and possible treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Multiple access game with a cognitive jammer

We consider a two-user multiple access game in which one player (primary user) is interested in maximizing its data rate at the minimum possible transmission power and the other player (secondary, cognitive user) can either jam the primary traffic or coordinate with the primary user and send its own message to the common destination. The cognitive user employs noise forwarding as a leverage to maximize its own data rate by forcing the primary user to decrease its power level. First, the unique Nash equilibrium of the non-cooperative static game is derived and shown to be inefficient for certain ranges of channel gains and cost parameters. Then, a Stackelberg game formulation is considered in which the primary user is the leader. Here, interestingly, it is shown that the secondary accepts to play as the follower where the Stackelberg equilibrium dominates the Nash equilibrium and hence lose-lose situations are eliminated.
Abstract P028: Intravenous Anti-hypertensives Used for Non-urgent Hypertension in Inpatients

Background: Asymptomatic hypertension is common in hospitalized patients but there are no clear treatment guidelines. Due to the concern for harm from elevated blood pressures (BP) physicians often prescribe rapidly acting intravenous (IV) agents, which may cause dangerous BP drops. We evaluated if the use of IV hydralazine or labetalol were associated with adverse events. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients >18 years of age admitted to Boston Medical Center over 1 year who had a recorded systolic BP > 160 mmHg or diastolic BP > 120mmHg during their hospitalization. Patients with hypertensive emergency, or admitted to intensive care or neurology services were excluded. We examined adverse events over the subsequent 24 hours comparing the use of IV labetalol and/or hydralazine versus use of neither IV anti-hypertensive in Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, gender, race, systolic and diastolic BP. Results: 5,431 patients met inclusion criteria of which 203 patients received IV anti-hypertensives (78 labetalol only, 107 hydralazine only, 18 hydralazine and labetalol). In adjusted analyses, patients who received IV anti-hypertensives had increased risk of requiring IV fluids (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.01; P Conclusions: In contrast to previous concerns, our data suggest that the use of IV hydralazine or labetalol was not associated with severe adverse outcomes. Our retrospective study at a single center has several limitations and did not include all possible confounders, and future studies need to replicate these findings in other centers.
New Insights from the Structure Function of the Catalytic Region of Human Platelet PDE3A: The Role of the Unique 44 Amino Acid Insert.

Human platelet PDE3A degrades cAMP, the major intracellular inhibitor of platelet function, and thus potentiates platelet activation. PDE3A is irreversibly inactivated by the affinity label Sp-cAMPS-BDB. The inactivation is prevented by Sp-cAMPS indicating that the affinity label is targeted at the cAMP binding site. We now use Sp-cAMPS-BDB with the aim of identifying nonconserved amino acids in substrate binding. After incubating Sp-cAMPS-BDB with PDE3A followed by reduction with [ 3 H]NaBH 4 , the incorporation was 1.1 mol/mol. HPLC analysis of the tryptic digest yielded a radioactive octapeptide T 806 YNVTDDK 813 in the 44-amino acid insert of PDE3A. Molecular modeling of PDE3A based on the PDE3B structure suggests the insert is a flexible loop. Incorporation of Sp-cAMPS-BDB indicates loop interaction with the substrate. Since Sp-cAMPS-BDB reacts with the nucleophilic residues, Y807, D811 and D812 were each mutated to alanine. Sp-cAMPS-BDB inactivates D811A and D812A but not Y807A, suggesting Y807 is the residue modified by Sp-cAMPS-BDB. Y807A affects the K m but not k cat , suggesting its involvement in cAMP binding. Kinetic analyses of 11 loop mutants reveal that H782A, T810A, Y814A and C816S each affects the k cat but not K m , indicating that catalysis is modulated. We conclude that binding of cAMP to the flexible loop of platelet PDE3A induces a conformational change which allows interaction with essential catalytic residues. These findings provide a new strategy for developing antiplatelet agents to treat patients with reocclusion of coronary arteries who are resistant to aspirin or whose chronic congestive heart failure prevents utilizing cilostazol.
Towards a haptic feedback framework for multi-DOF robotic laparoscopic surgery platforms

The use of robotics for laparoscopic surgery has been an established field for over a decade. However, with the influx of advanced tools and algorithms for general purpose robotics, there is a need to incorporate these advancements into medical robotics technology. The daVinci Research Kit and its software framework provides a step towards these advancements. This paper presents the development of new tools and utilization of previously developed tools used for general purpose robotics, and their tailored use in medical robotics. Additionally, a method for computing haptic forces for tele-operated surgical robots is presented. The technique utilizes elastic, Spherical Proxy Regions (SPR) to readily compute directional interaction forces and manipulate them to create a dynamic behavior at the surgeon/user's manipulator.
Inventory Optimization for Fulfillment Integration in Omnichannel Retailing

With e-commerce growing at a rapid pace compared to traditional retail, many brick-and-mortar firms are supporting their online growth through an integrated omnichannel approach. Such integration can lead to reduction in cost that can be achieved through efficient inventory management. A retailer with a network of physical stores and fulfillment centers facing two demands (online and in-store) has to make important, interlinked decisions - how much inventory to keep at each location and where to fulfill each online order from, as online demand can be fulfilled from any location. We consider order-up-to policies for a general multi-period model with multiple locations and zero lead time, and online orders fulfilled multiple times in each period. We first focus on the case where fulfillment decisions are made at the end of each period, which allows separate focus on the inventory decision. We develop a simple, scalable heuristic for the multi-location problem based on analysis from the two-store case, and prove its asymptotic near-optimality for large number of omnichannel stores under certain conditions. We extend this to the case where fulfillment is done multiple times within a period and combine it with a simple, threshold-based fulfillment policy which reserves inventory at stores for future in-store demand. With the help of a realistic numerical study based on a fictitious retail network embedded in mainland USA, we show that the combined heuristic outperforms a myopic, decentralized planning strategy under a variety of problem parameters, especially when there is an adequate mix of online and in-store demands. Extensions to positive lead times are discussed.