cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microvascular Perfusion and Resuscitation after Severe Injury

Achieving adequate perfusion is a key goal of treatment in severe trauma; however, tissue perfusion has classically been measured by indirect means. Direct visualization of capillary flow has been applied in sepsis, but application of this technology to the trauma population has been limited. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the efficacy of standard indirect measures of perfusion to direct imaging of the sublingual microcirculatory flow during trauma resuscitation. Patients with injury severity scores >15 were serially examined using a handheld sidestream dark-field video microscope. In addition, measurements were also made from healthy volunteers. The De Backer score, a morphometric capillary density score, and total vessel density (TVD) as cumulative vessel area within the image, were calculated using Automated Vascular Analysis (AVA3.0) software. These indices were compared against clinical and laboratory parameters of organ function and systemic metabolic status as well as mortality. Twenty severely injured patients had lower TVD (X = 14.6 ± 0.22 vs 17.66 ± 0.51) and De Backer scores (X = 9.62 ± 0.16 vs 11.55 ± 0.37) compared with healthy controls. These scores best correlated with serum lactate (TVD R(2) = 0.525, De Backer R(2) = 0.576, P < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, pH, bicarbonate, base deficit, hematocrit, and coagulation parameters correlated poorly with both TVD and De Backer score. Direct measurement of sublingual microvascular perfusion is technically feasible in trauma patients, and seems to provide real-time assessment of microcirculatory perfusion. This study suggests that in severe trauma, many indirect measurements of perfusion do not correlate with microvascular perfusion. However, visualized perfusion deficiencies do reflect a shift toward anaerobic metabolism.
Strain Promoted Click Chemistry of 2- or 8-Azidopurine and 5-Azidopyrimidine Nucleosides and 8-Azidoadenosine Triphosphate with Cyclooctynes. Application to Living Cell Fluorescent Imaging

Strain-promoted click chemistry of nucleosides and nucleotides with an azido group directly attached to the purine and pyrimidine rings with various cyclooctynes in aqueous solution at ambient temperature resulted in efficient formation (3 min to 3 h) of fluorescent, light-up, triazole products. The 2- and 8-azidoadenine nucleosides reacted with fused cyclopropyl cyclooctyne, dibenzylcyclooctyne, or monofluorocyclooctyne to produce click products functionalized with hydroxyl, amino, N-hydroxysuccinimide, or biotin moieties. The 5-azidouridine and 5-azido-2′-deoxyuridine were similarly converted to the analogous triazole products in quantitative yields in less than 5 min. The 8-azido-ATP quantitatively afforded the triazole product with fused cyclopropyl cyclooctyne in aqueous acetonitrile (3 h). The novel triazole adducts at the 2- or 8-position of adenine or 5-position of uracil rings induce fluorescence properties which were used for direct imaging in MCF-7 cancer cells without the need for traditional ...
Dendrimers and Its Biomedical Applications

Abstract Dendrimers are highly branched polymers with tunable surface topology. This polymer has spherical core-shell nanoarchitecture with a high density of surface functional groups. It is available in a number of different generations and size making it a diverse nanocarrier for biomedical applications. Drugs can be loaded in multiple ways including complexation and/or conjugation to surface functional groups and/or encapsulation inside the core of the dendrimers. Dendrimers have been explored as drug delivery vehicles by various routes of drug administration and for other biomedical applications. The chapter provides an overview of physicochemical properties of dendrimers and its various biomedical applications.
The aptabot: an inducibly affinity-switching, minimally invasive in vivo contrast agent

The ambitions of current neuroscience, understanding neurological disease progression and mapping the connectome, demonstrate a need for safe in vivo tools for creating intricate maps of brain circuitry. Present in vivo contrast agents are often limited by their specificity, uptake, resolvability, and/or clearance. We describe an aptamer-functionalized sensor for high-resolution imaging that can switch imaging targets by an induced multi-stage aptamer reaction. Included are synthetic methods as well as calculations of sensor efficacy based on known kinetics. Calculations show that 10 distinct targets may be imaged in a living brain at the submicron scale within 42 hours.
Verrucous carcinoma occurring in a lesion of oral lichen planus

Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity is relatively rare. Well-documented associations include human papillomavirus and carcinogens such as tobacco. Less well understood is the association with chronic inflammation, such as seen in lichen planus. Verrucous carcinoma has previously been described occurring in lesions of lichen planus of the foot and penis. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of verrucous carcinoma occurring in a lesion of oral lichen planus.
CO₂ utilization with a novel dual function material (DFM) for capture and catalytic conversion to synthetic natural gas: An update

Dual function materials (DFMs) for CO₂ capture and conversion couple the endothermic CO₂ desorption step of a traditional adsorbent with the exothermic hydrogenation of CO₂ over a catalyst in a unique way; a single reactor operating at an isothermal temperature (320 °C) and pressure (1atm) can capture CO₂ from flue gas, and release it as methane upon exposure to renewable hydrogen. This combined CO₂ capture and utilization eliminates the energy intensive CO₂ desorption step associated with conventional CO₂ capture systems as well as avoiding the problem of transporting concentrated CO₂ to another site for storage or utilization. Here DFMs containing Rh and dispersed CaO have been developed (˃1% Rh 10% CaO/γ-Al₂O₃) which have improved performance compared to the 5% Ru 10% CaO/γ-Al₂O₃ DFM (0.50 g-mol CH₄/kg DFM) developed previously. Ruthenium remains the catalyst of choice due to its lower price and excellent low temperature performance. The role of CO₂ adsorption capacity on the final methanation capacity of the DFM has also been investigated by testing several new sorbents. Two novel DFM compositions are reported here (5% Ru 10% K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ and 5% Ru 10% Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃) both of which have much greater methanation capacities (0.91 and 1.05 g-mol CH₄/kg DFM) compared to the previous 5% Ru 10% CaO/γ-Al₂O₃ DFM.
Anesthesia for Microlaryngeal Surgery: The Case for Subglottic Jet Ventilation

Although the techniques for surgery on the endolarynx using suspension and the operating microscope have been fully developed, the safest, and least obtrusive anesthetic technique has yet to be manifested, as evidenced by more than 200 references to anesthesia for microlaryngoscopy in the world literature. This study reviews the physiology, physics, and problems of each anesthetic technique. In light of this review, animal and human studies are reported demonstrating the utility and safety of subglottic ventilation when provided with proper monitoring using an automatic ventilator. A modified Ben-Jet tube is reported, which has a 1-mm ID channel to monitor PCO2 and tracheal pressure. This self-centering 3.0-mm tube, which extends 6 to 8 cm below the glottis, is unobtrusive for the surgeon. The subglottic tube, which is much less likely to be malaligned, is much more acceptable to the anesthesiologist. Anesthesia, by intravenous sedation, utilizes neuromuscular blockade while ventilating through the jet tube powered by an automatic ventilator with an automatic shutdown feature attached to the monitor tube to prevent inadvertent barotrauma. The third phase of this study compared fluoroplastic, used in a prototype jet ventilation tube, with 6-mm Silastic, Red Rubber, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes when struck by maximum power of CO2, Nd-YAG, and K-532 lasers. The test was performed in a closed chamber in which concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen were controlled. Although damaged by the CO2 laser beam, the fluoroplastic tubes did not continue burning when the laser was turned off in 100% oxygen, even when coated by blood. The other three tubes continued to burn in 23% oxygen. Neither the KTP nor Nd-YAG laser damaged the Teflon tube, while they ignited a sustained flame in 30% oxygen. This study supports the use of fluoroplastic for a laser safe jet ventilation tube. It also demonstrates the danger of tube fires, even in low oxygen concentrations, when using Silastic, rubber, and PVC tubes in laser laryngeal surgery. There was no difference in the flammability of Silastic, rubber or PVC when struck by these lasers in this study. For these reasons, subglottic ventilation using a fluoroplastic, monitored, self-centering, subglottic, jet ventilation tube driven by an automatic ventilator with a shutdown feature, in the event of excessive pressure buildup, is proposed for anesthetizing healthy patients undergoing suspension microlaryngoscopy, and who have no airway obstructing lesion. A large tube with inflatable cuff is indicated when a supraglottic lesion may obstruct the airway.
Situations That Affect Modelers’ Cognitive Difficulties: An Empirical Assessment

Modeling guidelines are intended to help modelers develop conceptual models. Therefore it is assumed that these guidelines assist modelers in developing models. However research suggests that modeling guidelines are often complex. Thus there is a concern that if modeling guidelines are not well designed, modelers may not find them useful and will have difficulty in applying them. In the context of developing conceptual models, the effectiveness of ontological modeling guidelines has previously been tested. However, the usefulness of these guidelines has not previously been investigated. To test the usefulness of ontological modeling guidelines, four modeling situations were developed in UML class diagrams. Using a protocol analysis study, the cognitive difficulties of modelers placed into these situations were identified. The results indicate that the proper application and use of ontological modeling guidelines can significantly reduce the cognitive efforts of modelers. However, if the ontological modeling guidelines are inadequate, they increase rather than decrease modelers’ cognitive efforts.
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty: An Update on Indications, Techniques, and Results

Since its introduction in 1977, coronary angioplasty has undergone numerous refinements, with a concomitant rise in success rates. Current technology in experienced hands now permits gentle revascularization in a growing subset of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease.
Sex, drugs, and ADHD: The effects of ADHD pharmacological treatment on teens' risky behaviors

Abstract In the U.S., 8% of children are diagnosed with ADHD and 70% of those are taking medications, yet little evidence exists on the effects of ADHD treatment on children's outcomes. We use a panel of South Carolina Medicaid claims data to investigate the effects of ADHD drugs on the probability of risky sexual behavior outcomes (STDs and pregnancy), substance abuse disorders, and injuries. To overcome potential endogeneity, we instrument for treatment using physicians' preferences to prescribe medication. Our findings suggest that pharmacological treatment has substantial benefits. It reduces the probability of contracting an STD by 3.6 percentage points (5.8 percentage points if we include STD screening), reduces the probability of having a substance abuse disorder by 7.3 percentage points, reduces the probability of injuries by 2.3 percentage points per year, and associated with them Medicaid costs decrease by $88.4, or 0.054 of a standard deviation.
Eukaryotic Single-Cell mRNA Sequencing

Single-cell DNA sequencing is a rapidly developing field that holds great potential for revolutionizing our understanding of how cellular heterogeneity contributes to the initiation and progression of disease. Methods in single-cell genomics have already emerged as transformative techniques enabling the characterization of heterogeneous cell populations in cancer, neurobiology, immunology, and normal development with unprecedented detail. The ability to isolate individual cells followed by amplification of genomic DNA and high-throughput sequencing enables the identification of co-occurring somatic mutations, an outcome not obtainable by conventional analysis of DNA isolated from many cells. As a result, phylogenetic relationships can be accurately discerned in order to reveal the evolutionary history of cell populations as new mutations are acquired and distinct phenotypes arise. In this chapter, we describe current methods in single-cell DNA sequencing. We summarize the typical approaches to genome-scale sequencing of amplified DNA and the analytical methods for processing such datasets. Statistical approaches for distinguishing mutations from technical artifacts generated during amplification of genomic DNA, determining the clonality of heterogeneous cell populations, and discerning phylogenetic relationships between clones are also described.
Introduction to the Analytic Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Effective prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will require identification of people at risk of this illness, preferably long before the first clinical symptoms. Although imaging and analysis of CSF proteins can identify individuals who will get this illness up to 15 years prior to its onset, these modalities are unlikely to be useful in populations, where the search for noninvasive, cost-effective markers is underway. Two major types of risk factors for AD can be identified, those for its pathology and those for its clinical expression. A third type of risk factor is a marker for the underlying disease. In addition to finding pharmacologic interventions that slow the pathogenesis of the disease, we need to focus on modifiable risk factors that influence its expression. Observational studies have included case–control studies that offered the first clues to risk factors and cohort studies. Both of these types of studies have associated methodological problems and the accepted hierarchy of study designs with randomized controlled trials at the top followed by cohort studies and then by case–control studies needs to be reconsidered in studies of Alzheimer’s disease.
The Sociology of Mathematics

The sociology of mathematics has grown slowly on the periphery of developments in mainstream sociology of knowledge and science. Spengler, Hessen, Wittgenstein, Struik, and Needham were among the small group of important contributors to the sociology of mathematics (most of them Marxists) between 1920 and 1970.1 But their contributions were overshadowed by the development of functional analyses of the social system of science that virtually excluded studies of mathematical activities and knowledge.2 Mannheim explicitly exempted mathematical knowledge from sociological inquiry.3 During the last decade, new directions in the sociology of knowledge and science have helped to stimulate interest in and research on mathematics. The renaissance in radical science studies, the “strong program” in the sociology of knowledge, and ethnographic studies of science have been especially important in breaking down the traditional barriers to sociological studies of mathematics.4 This is a critical development because among all systems of knowledge, mathematics has been the most resistant to sociological analysis and the ultimate arbiter of the limits of the sociology of knowledge.
Potentially adaptive mitochondrial haplotypes as a tool to identify divergent nuclear loci

Summary Genetic tools are commonly used for conservation and management of at-risk species. Individuals are often sampled from mixtures that are composed of many populations, which creates a need to assign individuals to their source. This can be problematic when the genetic divergence among source populations is weak but can be improved using adaptive genetic loci, which should show stronger levels of divergence. We previously reported a signature of positive selection in the mitochondrial-encoded ND5 subunit of complex I in diverse taxa. The respiratory machinery of the mitochondria in salmonids is composed of more than 80 nuclear genes and there is substantial interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial expressed gene products. Recent studies report adaptive variation in mitochondrial function as well as co-evolution between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. We used potentially adaptive ND5-based mitochondrial haplotypes to identify nuclear loci that would display increased levels of genetic divergence compared to neutral nuclear loci in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Populations in a geographic area the size of France have previously demonstrated weak genetic divergence even after substantial discovery efforts by multiple laboratories for allozymes, microsatellites and SNPs over the last two decades. We used RAD-based next-generation sequencing and identified a nuclear-encoded subunit of mitochondrial complex I that was a significant FST outlier and 14 other divergent nuclear markers that improve genetic assignment of individuals to their population of origin relative to assignments based on neutral markers alone. This work demonstrates how a known adaptive marker can be leveraged to increase the probability of identifying divergent markers for applied genetics tools that may be biologically linked to it.
Laparoscopic Resection of Renal Masses

Laparoscopic renal surgery in children is a unique set of procedures. Understanding the anatomic and physiologic considerations is imperative to ensure safe and effective care. Minimally invasive management of renal tumors has an expanded role in clinical practice, with available approaches including hand-assisted laparoscopic, pure laparoscopic, and robotic techniques. These surgeries can be approached through transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approaches. As more clinicians have been trained in these techniques and experience gained, they have undergone refinement, and potential advantages over open surgery have become more evident. As new technologies and techniques arise, surgeons must be aware of the continued advances available in order to optimize patient care. This chapter will share the technical aspects, anesthetic considerations, indications, and complications of laparoscopic resection of renal masses.
Angiogenesis during pregnancy: all routes lead to MAPKs.

During pregnancy, uterine vasculature undergoes dramatic adaptation to meet the nutrient demand of fetal development and growth, leading to increased uterine blood flow to perfuse the placenta. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Trace Elements and Immune Function

Trace elements are essential nutrients that are required in minute quantities to support the optimal function of an organism. This chapter reviews the role of four trace elements, including copper, iron, selenium, and zinc in immune function. Each of these trace elements has a function in both the innate and acquired immune system.
Indoor Wood-Burning Stove and Fireplace Use and Breast Cancer in a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Indoor burning of fuel for heating or cooking releases carcinogens. Little is known about the impact of indoor air pollution from wood-burning stoves or fireplaces on breast cancer risk...
Characterization of an Anthracene Intermediate in Dynemicin Biosynthesis

Despite the identification of a β-hydroxyhexaene produced by the enediyne polyketide synthases (PKSs), the post-PKS biosynthetic steps to the individual members of this antitumor and antibiotic family remain largely unknown. The massive biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that direct the formation of each product caution that many steps could be required. It was recently demonstrated that the enediyne PKS in the dynemicin A BGC from Micromonospora chersina gives rise to both the anthraquinone and enediyne halves of the molecule. We now present the first evidence for a mid-pathway intermediate in dynemicin A biosynthesis, an iodoanthracene bearing a fused thiolactone, which was shown to be incorporated selectively into the final product. This unusual precursor reflects just how little is understood about these biosynthetic pathways, yet constrains the mechanisms that can act to achieve the key heterodimerization to the anthraquinone-containing subclass of enediynes.
Blue Is, Blue Does: A Performance about Truvada in Several Interactions

Unpacking cultural and political understandings of Truvada—a little blue pill that serves as the first chemical Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV, and considering the sexual politics it has been enacting since its approval, this essay contains a close reading of the solo performance Blue Is, Blue Does. With the aim of denaturalising positivistic grand narratives in epidemiology and public health that disregard Truvada’s contested status, the performance explores a variety of stories that are told when the blue pill—as a performative agent—is leading the narrative, including: world-making capacities of the feeling of blue enacted by AIDS-related atrocities, restricted access to PrEP due to systemic inequalities, renewed sexual ecstasies, the formation of Truvada-mediated subjectivities and the medicalisation of the homosexual body.
[54] Variation of domain functionals

This survey article is a written version of an invited address given at a meeting of the American Mathematical Society. It can be viewed as a sequel to (Schiffer, Amer. J. Math., 68, 417–448, 1946), which has a similar title. Comparing [54] with (Schiffer, Amer. J. Math., 68, 417–448, 1946), one is amazed to see how far the variational method had progressed and how much Schiffer had accomplished, in the short span of 8 years. In Schiffer (Amer. J. Math., 68, 417–448, 1946), he was just starting to look beyond univalent functions, broadening his outlook by adapting the variation of Green’s function to problems involving transfinite diameter, harmonic measures, the Bergman kernel function, and Riemann surfaces. Eight years later, he had completed books on two of those topics, one with Bergman and Schiffer (Kernel Functions and Elliptic Differential Equations in Mathematical Physics, 1953) on kernel functions and their application to boundary value problems for elliptic partial differential equations, the other with Spencer and Schiffer (Functionals of Finite Riemann Surfaces, 1954) applying variational methods to extremal problems for Riemann surfaces. He had written a series of important papers with Garabedian and Schiffer (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 65, 187–238, 1949; Ann. of Math., 52(2), 164–187, 1950; Ann. of Math., 56(2), 560–602, 1952; J. Rational Mech. Anal., 2, 137–171, 1953; J. Analyse Math., 2, 281–368, 1953; Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 5, 206–211, 1954) on application of variational techniques to existence theorems and three-dimensional problems of mathematical physics. He had also completed major papers with Szegő and Schiffer (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 67, 130–205, 1949) on virtual mass and polarization and with Polya and Schiffer (J. Analyse Math., 3, 245–346, 1954) on variation by transplantation, an ingenious method for verifying that a suspected extremal function is indeed extremal.
Empty schools and Silencios: pedagogical openings for memory-making in Colombia

ABSTRACTThis paper draws from Silencios – a photography series by the Colombian artist Juan Manuel Echavarria. Silencios comprises more than 120 portrayals of abandoned schools due to armed conflict in Los Montes de Maria, Colombia. Sharing Echeverria’s belief that ‘these chalkboards have lessons to tell us about war’, the author of this paper advocates for the pedagogical use of Silencios to promote and support memory works in Colombia. The present analysis acknowledges that hegemonic memories and narratives have a negative impact on conflict-affected societies due to their authoritarian and oppressive character.Therefore, the pedagogical use of Silencios seeks to ignite multiple narratives and counterhegemonic memories that might emerge as the public interacts with the photography. The visuals, in this sense, become an educational opportunity to stimulate reflection and resistance against the monopoly of the past in a country that is currently emerging from conflict. In this paper, the abandoned schools...
Fetal Bovine Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Persist within Vesicle-Depleted Culture Media

It is known that culture media (CM) promotes cellular growth, adhesion, and protects explanted primary brain cells from in vitro stresses. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplement used in most CM, however, contains significant quantities of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that confound quantitative and qualitative analyses from the EVs produced by the cultured cells. We quantitatively tested the ability of common FBS EV-depletion protocols to remove exogenous EVs from FBS-supplemented CM and evaluated the influence such methods have on primary astrocyte culture growth and viability. We assessed two methodologies utilized for FBS EV removal prior to adding to CM: (1) an 18-h ultracentrifugation (UC); and (2) a commercial EV-depleted FBS (Exo-FBS™). Our analysis demonstrated that Exo-FBS™ CM provided the largest depletion (75%) of total FBS EVs, while still providing 6.92 × 10⁸ ± 1.39 × 10⁸ EVs/mL. In addition, both UC and Exo-FBS™ CM resulted in poor primary astrocyte cell growth and viability in culture. The two common FBS EV-depletion methods investigated, therefore, not only contaminate in vitro primary cell-derived EV analyses, but also provide a suboptimal environment for primary astrocyte cell growth and viability. It appears likely that future CM optimization, using a serum-free alternative, might be required to advance analyses of cell-specific EVs isolated in vitro.
The synthetic cathinone psychostimulant α‐PPP antagonizes serotonin 5‐HT2A receptors: In vitro and in vivo evidence

Synthetic cathinones (SCs) are β-keto analogs of amphetamines. Like amphetamines, SCs target monoamine transporters; however, unusual neuropsychiatric symptoms have been associated with abuse of some SCs, suggesting SCs might possess additional pharmacological properties. We performed radioligand competition binding assays to assess the affinities of nine SCs at human 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2A R) and muscarinic M1 receptors (M1 R) transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. None of the SCs exhibited affinity at M1 R (minimal displacement of [~Kd ] [3 H]scopolamine up to 10 μM). However, two SCs, α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) and 4-methyl-α-PPP, had low μM Ki values at 5-HT2A R. In 5-HT2A R-phosphoinositide hydrolysis assays, α-PPP and 4-methyl-α-PPP displayed inverse agonist activity. We further assessed the 5-HT2A R functional activity of α-PPP, and observed it competitively antagonized 5-HT2A R signaling stimulated by the 5-HT2 R agonist (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI; Kb = 851 nM). To assess in vivo 5-HT2A R activity, we examined the effects of α-PPP on the DOI-elicited head-twitch response (HTR) in mice. α-PPP dose-dependently blocked the HTR with maximal suppression at 10 mg/kg (P 10 μM. Neither MDPPP nor 3-BMC, at 10 mg/kg doses, attenuated the DOI HTR. Our results suggest α-PPP has antagonist interactions at 5-HT2A R in vitro that may translate at physiologically-relevant doses in vivo. Considering 5-HT2A R antagonism has been shown to mitigate effects of psychostimulants, this property may contribute to α-PPPs unpopularity compared to other monoamine transporter inhibitors.
A regulatory program that promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulation of mRNA stability.

3523Background: CRC progression accompanies dysregulations in pathways of gene expression control. Regulatory pathways that govern RNA decay have emerged as key mechanisms coopted by cancer cells. ...
Prospective associations between beverage intake during the midlife and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Background The potential impacts of beverage intake during the midlife on future subclinical atherosclerosis among women are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prospective associations between the intakes of eight beverage groups and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in midlife women. Methods Data came from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, a multicenter, multiethnic, and prospective cohort study. A total of 1,235 midlife women had measures of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and repeatedly beverage intake data collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Beverages were aggregated into eight groups, including coffee, tea, sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, fruit juices, whole milk, milk with lower fat content, and alcoholic beverages. The associations of beverage intake with common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and adventitial diameter (CCA-AD) were estimated using linear models; the associations with carotid plaque were estimated using log-binomial models. Results Coffee intake was associated with CCA-IMT in an inverted J-shaped pattern. After adjusting for covariates, women with >0 to <1 cup/day and 1 to <2 cups/day of coffee intake had a 0.031 mm (95% CI: 0.012, 0.051) and a 0.027 mm (95% CI: 0.005, 0.049) larger CCA-IMT, respectively, than coffee non-drinkers. Women who consumed ≥2 cups/day of coffee did not have significantly different CCA-IMT than non-drinkers. There was an inverse linear association between moderate alcoholic beverages intake and CCA-IMT (P-trend = 0.014). Whole milk intake had inverted U-shaped associations with CCA-IMT and carotid plaque. No significant associations were found between other beverage groups and subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions In midlife women, occasional coffee intake may be associated with more subclinical atherosclerosis while moderate alcoholic beverages intake may be associated with less subclinical atherosclerosis. Future work should focus on the determination of the optimal beverage intake profile for maximum cardiovascular benefits in midlife women.
Examining the Causes and Consequences of Confession-Eliciting Tactics during Interrogation

Research suggests interrogation techniques used by U.S. law enforcement can yield false confessions. To investigate, participants (n = 151) were randomly assigned to complete one of two simulated i...
Detection of nasals as a function of duration

Previous studies have shown distributional restrictions on nasal stops. Specifically, in many languages nasal stops are followed only by a nasal vowel, which is also usually comparatively longer to contrast with the vocalic context adjacent to oral stops. This was observed as a phonological constraint in Taiwanese (Southern Min), but not in French. This study tests the discriminability of Taiwanese and French listeners on plain and nasal stops. The speech stimuli were cross spliced nasal versus oral stops and oral versus nasal vowels: CV, NV, CṼ, NṼ. The vowel duration was also manipulated to see if the perceived nasality will be enhanced when the vowels are longer, and further affect the intelligibility for the consonants before them. Preliminary results indicated that the Taiwanese listeners predicted wrong consonantal categories when the nasality of the following vowel is not agree with the preceding consonant. French listeners showed no such effect. The durational effect shows the opposite: Taiwanese listeners perceived the same stop category regardless of the duration of the following vowel, whereas French listeners are biased toward the nasal category when the following vowel is longer.
SISTEM PEMBAYARAN DANA PENSIUN NASABAH PADA PT BANK BTPN PURNA BAKTI KC MATARAM

Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional (BTPN) sebagai lembaga bank devisa yang memfokuskan diri untuk melayani masyarakat yang berpendapatan rendah yang terdiri dari pensiunan, pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah, serta komunitas prasejahtera produktif. BTPN meluncurkan sebuah aplikasi yang berbasis Androit maupun Iphone Operating System (IOS) untuk mempermudah melakukan transaksi perbankan seperti, simpanan, tarik tunai, transfer dana, pembayaran tagihan dan pengajuan permohonan kredit mikro, sehingga sistem pembayaran dalam transaksi ekonomi sangat dibutuhkan dan mengalami kemajuan yang pesat seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi yang canggih. Dalam pembayaran pensiun secara konvensional Bank BTPN terlebih dahulu melakukan penerimaan calon nasabah pensiun. Calon nasabah pensiun harus memenuhi syarat administratif. Calon nasabah yang telah memenuhi syarat tersebut berhak menjadi nasabah BTPN. Nasabah BTPN mendapat nomor rekening serta buku tabungan untuk dapat mengambil gaji pensiun setiap bulannya. Nasabah akan dilayani oleh bagian teller dalam pembayaran dana pensiun. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bagian masukan bagi PT Bank BTPN Purna Bakti KC Mataram dalam menentukan langkah-langakah kebijakan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan produktifitas.
What’s Left Over

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'}p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'}The purpose of this project was to create a non-woven paper-like textile from my weaving and garment construction remnants. I collected yarn and fabric waste from my creative design work and created a paper like composite from the scraps. Seeds and petals from the Cornell Natural Dye Garden were layered on top of the composite while it was still damp to add texture and color. The composite material was torn apart and hand sewn onto a silk organza base to extend the life of the composite material. What’s Left Over contributes to work surrounding textile waste and reuse, by collecting and utilizing even the smallest pieces left over from garment creation. Future creative research will explore textile composites from various types of fibers and the use of natural dyes as a metamorphic colorant that can change and shift over time. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'}p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'}
A fight-and-flight for life: A rare case of advanced cervical cancer in pregnancy

Abstract Background Advanced cervical cancer during pregnancy is an extremely rare event. We describe a case of at least stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma during pregnancy. This may possibly represent the longest gestation from time of diagnosis to delivery in a case of advanced cervical cancer, with potentially the most advanced gestational age at delivery and a relatively favorable outcome in the current literature. Case: A 29-year-old female at 20 0/7 weeks of gestation with at least stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix flew from Micronesia to Hawaii for oncologic treatment. After consultation with gynecologic oncology and maternal-fetal medicine, she opted to continue the pregnancy and began neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. At 33 2/7 weeks of gestation, she was admitted for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and immediately underwent a cesarean delivery for heavy vaginal bleeding. Postpartum, she underwent cisplatin chemotherapy with concurrent radiation therapy. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient’s cancer had progressed to the point that hospice was recommended. She died 11 months after initial presentation. Conclusion Advanced cervical cancer during pregnancy requires individualized treatment, shared decision making, and a multidisciplinary team approach. If the pregnancy is continued, antepartum chemotherapy should be strongly considered. Maternal prognoses tend to be poor, but neonatal outcomes appear to be favorable.
Machine Learning of an Approximate Morphism of an Electronic Warfare Simulation Component

Electromagnetic waveforms are an essential component of radar and electronic warfare digital computer simulations. Sampled representations of radar waveforms are widely used in high-fidelity applications for their physical realism and suitability for algorithmic processing. However, this fidelity comes at a price because operations on sampled representations are often a computationally costly simulation bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for constructing a reduced, feature-based model component derived from a given high-fidelity component, and demonstrate the approach on a simplified radar waveform model. The reduced model is related to the original through an approximate morphism. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning are key components of the framework.
Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Placobdella michiganensis (Sawyer, 1972) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae)

Placodella michiganensis (Sawyer, 1972) was originally described from free-living individuals collected from Mill Creek, St. Joseph County, Michigan, USA. The acquisition of contemporary specimens from its type locality has facilitated redescription of P. michiganensis. Placobdella michiganensis does not have a confusing taxonomic history like many other members of the genus Placobdella as it has only been collected two other times since its description. Placodella michiganensis is distinguished from its congeners by its five rows of whitish single-tipped papillae, genital and pre-anal patches, five pre-anal papillae, and absence of a dark dorsal-medial line. Placobdella michiganensis is a morphologically distinct species with a 16.0% to 22.0% difference in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data among congeners.
Immigration Enforcement Fear and Anxiety in Latinx High School Students: The Indirect Effect of Perceived Discrimination.

Abstract Purpose Immigration enforcement policies and negative rhetoric about immigrants harm the psychological well-being of Latinx youth in immigrant families, particularly those who are most vulnerable because of their own or their loved ones' legal status. According to the Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies among Minority Children, discrimination may be one pathway to explain how vulnerability to restrictive immigration policies affects Latinx youth mental health. Methods We collected data from 306 Latinx high school students from immigrant families in Harris County, Texas, and Rhode Island to (1) determine the direct effect of immigration enforcement fear (a proxy for the social position of vulnerable legal status) on adolescents' anxiety; (2) explore the effect of immigration enforcement fear on anxiety through the pathway of perceived discrimination; and (3) test whether the different enforcement climates in the two study sites moderate these pathways. Total anxiety and subscales measuring separation, social, school, generalized, and somatic anxiety subtypes were analyzed. Results Immigration enforcement fear was related to increased somatic and separation anxiety in both first- and second-generation Latinx adolescents. Perceived discrimination partially mediated the association between immigration enforcement fear and separation and somatic anxiety; data collection site did not moderate these effects. Conclusions Immigration policies and rhetoric have psychological consequences. Although the adolescents in our study face multiple stressors, immigration enforcement fear may heighten their perception of discrimination, in turn, likely elevating their physiological and family separation anxiety.
Gamma-Ray Spectra & Variability of the Crab Nebula Emission Observed by BATSE

We report ~ 600 days of BATSE earth-occultation observations of the total gamma-ray (30 keV to 1.7 MeV) emission from the Crab nebula, between 1991 May 24 (TJD 8400) and 1994 October 2 (TJD 9627). Lightcurves from 35-100, 100-200, 200-300, 300-400, 400-700, and 700-1000 keV, show that positive fluxes were detected by BATSE in each of these six energy bands at significances of approximately 31, 20, 9.2, 4.5, 2.6, and 1.3 sigma respectively per day. We also observed significant flux and spectral variations in the 35-300 keV energy region, with time scales of days to weeks. The spectra below 300 keV, averaged over typical CGRO viewing periods of 6-13 days, can be well described by a broken power law with average indices of ~ 2.1 and ~ 2.4 varying around a spectral break at ~ 100 keV. Above 300 keV, the long-term averaged spectra, averaged over three 400 d periods (TJD 8400-8800, 8800-9200, and 9200-9628, respectively) are well represented by the same power law with index of ~ 2.34 up to ~ 670 keV, plus a hard spectral component extending from ~ 670 keV to ~ 1.7 MeV, with a spectral index of ~ 1.75. The latter component could be related to a complex structure observed by COMPTEL in the 0.7-3 MeV range. Above 3 MeV, the extrapolation of the power-law continuum determined by the low-energy BATSE spectrum is consistent with fluxes measured by COMPTEL in the 3-25 MeV range, and by EGRET from 30-50 MeV. We interpret these results as synchrotron emission produced by the interaction of particles ejected from the pulsar with the field in different dynamical regions of the nebula system, as observed recently by HST, XMM-Newton, and Chandra.
Dysphagia and Tongue Deviation: A Rare Case of Collett-Sicard Syndrome after Blunt Head Trauma.

The jugular foramen and the hypoglossal canal are both apertures located at the base of the skull. Multiple lower cranial nerve palsies tend to occur with injuries to these structures. The pattern of injuries tend to correlate with the combination of nerves damaged. Case Report: A 28-year-old male was involved in an AVP injury while crossing the highway. Exam showed a GCS of 15 AAOx3, with dysphagia, tongue deviation to the right, uvula deviation to the left and a depressed palate. Initial imaging showed B/L frontal traumatic Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhages (tSAH), Left Frontal Epidural Hematoma and a Basilar Skull Fracture. On second look by a trained Neuroradiologist c At 3 month follow up, patient’s tongue normalized to midline and his dysphagia resolved. Discussion: Collette-Sicard syndrome is a rare condition/syndrome characterized by unilateral palsy of CN: IX, X, XII. This condition has been rarely described as a consequence of blunt head trauma. In most cases, the condition is self-limiting with patients regaining most to all of their neurological functions within 6 months. Nerve traction injuries and soft tissue edema compressing the cranial nerves are the leading two hypothesis. In conclusion, injuries with focal neurological deficits which were not apparent on initial imaging should be reviewed by relevant experts with concomitant knowledge of the patient’s history.
Oxidation states of iron and manganese in lignocellulose altered by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum measured in-situ using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES)

Abstract Brown rot fungi utilize iron as part of a chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reaction during wood biodegradation. Research suggests these fungi reduce Fe3+ to promote oxygen radical generation resulting in depolymerization of the wood cell wall. High levels of Mn are also found in wood decayed by brown rot fungi. However, little is known about the oxidation states of Fe and Mn during the decay process. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) can be used to examine metal oxidation states and coordination chemistry. XANES experiments were conducted on wood decayed by Gloeophyllum trabeum over 2–8 weeks with results showing that Mn2+ and Fe3+ predominated for metal oxidation states. However, Fe2+ was present at sites of greater fungal growth In certain cases, the μXANES measurements showed that the fraction of Fe2+ in the wood samples was as high as 50%. Localized areas of reduced iron corresponded with areas of greater fungal hyphal mass which is in agreement with how brown rot fungi decay wood via the CMF reaction. The limited change in oxidation state of Mn observed in wood with active fungal activity suggests that the role of manganese in CMF biodegradation chemistry should be further explored.
Phase behavior and surface tension of soft active Brownian particles

We study quasi two-dimensional, monodisperse systems of active Brownian particles (ABPs) for a range of activities, stiffnesses, and densities. We develop a microscopic, analytical method for predicting the dense phase structure formed after motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) has occurred, including the dense cluster's area fraction, interparticle pressure, and radius. Our predictions are in good agreement with our Brownian dynamics simulations. We, then, derive a continuum model to investigate the relationship between the predicted interparticle pressure, the swim pressure, and the macroscopic pressure in the momentum equation. We find that formulating the point-wise macroscopic pressure as the interparticle pressure and modeling the particle activity through a spatially variant body force - as opposed to a volume-averaged swim pressure - results in consistent predictions of pressure in both the continuum model and the microscopic theory. This formulation of pressure also results in nearly zero surface tension for the phase separated domains, irrespective of activity, stiffness, and area fraction. Furthermore, using Brownian dynamics simulations and our continuum model, we showed that both the interface width and surface tension, are intrinsic characteristics of the system. On the other hand, if we were to exclude the body force induced by activity, we find that the resulting surface tension values are linearly dependent on the size of the simulation, in contrast to the statistical mechanical definition of surface tension.
Developing SNPs and Strategies for Genomic Analysis in Alfalfa

Continued advances in plant breeding require innovative breeding strategies such as marker-assisted selection and genomic selection. New technologies of next generation sequencing provide efficient genotyping strategies such as genotype-by-sequencing or RADseq which can generate high density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the whole genome level. However, in autotetraploid alfalfa, developing markers requires analysis of allele dosage as it can affect genotyping accuracy. Similarly, different models are required for genome-wide association studies to overcome the genome complexity in autotetraploid genomes. In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress on different methodologies for effectively handling SNPs genotyping, marker development, allele dosage, association mapping, and genomic selection in alfalfa. With recent advances in sequencing technology, the cost of sequencing is reduced, and sequencing the whole genomes becomes realistic in polyploids including cultivated alfalfa. Several alfalfa genomes have been sequenced and the sequence assemblies of two cultivars of alfalfa at the chromosome level have been published last year, providing reference genomes for sequence alignment and genotype calling in tetraploid alfalfa. Toward this end, in this chapter, we also reviewed bioinformatics pipelines for SNP discovery and genotyping.
The 5Σ g + states of N2

The electronic structure and energy curves of the 15Σ g + and 25Σ g + states of N2 have been analysed using the multi-configuration self-consistent-field (MC-SCF) method for calculating the wavefunctions and energies. The ab initio model curve for the 15Σ g + state obtains an r e of 1·69 A and a D e of 825 cm-1. There is also a barrier with a maximum at 2·21 A with a height of about 800 cm-1 which is a novel feature of this calculation. The potential supports two bound vibrational levels and two shape resonances for J=0. The calculated curve differs most from the semi-empirical curve of Carroll in having a larger r e by about 0·14 A and a well depth smaller by 250 cm-1. The 5Σ g + curve is known experimentally to predissociate both the B 3Π g and a 1Π g vibration-rotation levels above the dissociation limit. Conversely, two-body radiative association of two N(4 S) atoms is known to occur through the interaction of the 15Σ g + and B and a states. The two-body radiative rates are analysed in terms of the li...