cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The horizontal dark oculomotor rest position

This study sought to investigate whether eye dominance and age are related to the stimulus-free oculomotor resting state described via the dark disconjugate position (near or far), the dark conjugate position (left to right), and the near dissociated phoria. Nineteen non-presbyopes and 25 presbyopes with normal binocular vision participated in two identical sessions. The left-eye and the right-eye positions were recorded using a video-based infrared eye tracker while the subjects were in total darkness. Dark disconjugate responses and dark conjugate responses were calculated by computing the difference and the average of the left-eye and the right-eye response, respectively. The right-eye decaying to the phoria level was recorded for 15 s. A one-way ANOVA assessed statistical differences in dark conjugate and dark disconjugate positions, comparing 1) the right-eye and the left-eye sensory and/or motor dominant groups and 2) the non-presbyope and presbyope groups. The test-retests of the dark disconjugate position, the dark conjugate position and the near dissociated heterophoria were high between sessions (r > 0.85; p < 0.00001). For non-presbyopes the right-eye (left-eye) motor and sensory dominant subjects showed a rightward (leftward) dark conjugate position (p < 0.01). The dark disconjugate position was receded in presbyopes compared to non-presbyopes (p < 0.0001). The data support that the left-eye, or the right-eye, motor and sensory dominance predicts the direction of the dark conjugate position. Future studies could investigate the underlying neural substrates that may, in part, contribute to the resting state of the oculomotor system in a stimulus-free environment. Knowledge of the brain-behavior governing visual-field preference has implications for understanding the natural aging process of the visual system.
Operation of Line Transformers Upon Attainment of Maximum Permissible Parameters of Wear of Winding Insulation

Possible mechanisms of failure of insulation of windings of line transformers after exhaustion of their service life are considered. Conditions of strength of paper insulation and conditions of operation of screw-type insulation under the action of short-circuit currents are analyzed. Recommendations are formulated for the use of line transformers with exhausted insulation life.
Hydromechanical coupling in geologic processes

Earth's porous crust and the fluids within it are intimately linked through their mechanical effects on each other. This paper presents an overview of such "hydromechanical" coupling and examines current understanding of its role in geologic processes. An outline of the theory of hydromechanics and rheological models for geologic deformation is included to place various analytical approaches in proper context and to provide an introduction to this broad topic for nonspecialists.
Oscillatory magneto-absorption in gallium antimonide JA-1149∗☆

Abstract High-resolution magneto-absorption measurements made at photon energies just above the intrinsic absorption edge in GaSb have revealed an oscillatory spectrum having a strong resemblance to the corresponding spectrum for direct transitions in germanium. Eight successive transmission minima were observed in magnetic fields up to 38.9 kG at both 1.5 and 4.2°K, using polarized incident radiation. The value of the energy gap found is g = 0.813±0.001 eV and is shown to be attributable to direct transitions of electrons between the valence and conduction bands. The electron effective mass, m∗ = (0.047 ± 0.003)m0, was determined by considering transitions from the heavy holes to the conduction band and employing the data of the E||B spectrum. The existence of fine structure, although not resolved, is indicated by the unsymmetrical character of some of the transmission minima. The first absorption line is believed to contain exciton absorption. The inability to resolve the fine structure and exciton absorption is attributed to line broadening and overlapping due chiefly to scattering by the high impurity density in the sample.
Clonal relationship of extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue involving different sites

Patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma often have multiple sites of disease at initial diagnosis or during the clinical course. The neoplasms at multiple sites are often presumed to be identical, indicating dissemination or relapse. However, evidence to support this presumption is usually not available. We compared IGH VDJ sequences in 4 patients with 2 sequential sites of MALT lymphoma. The specimen pairs were stomach and nasopharynx, stomach and lung, ocular adnexa and nasopharynx, and ocular adnexa and parotid gland. The median interval between biopsies was 4 months (range, 1-32 months). Monoclonal IGH gene rearrangement was detected in all cases. In 3 patients, the VDJ sequences were distinct; in 1 patient the 2 biopsy specimens shared the same clone. MALT lymphomas involving multiple sites in a patient are usually not clonally related but arise independently, likely due to chronic antigenic stimulation, inducing oligoclonal B-cell proliferations and eventually a dominant B-cell clone.
Data Analytics for Rural Development

The impact of big data is enormous virtually in every business sector. The usage so far has been more focused on the e-commerce and marketing sectors. But the wide reach of big data can provide much more innovative, profitable and yet beneficial solutions for many perennial problems faced by different sectors. Rural India plays a vital role in economic growth of the country through agriculture, self-employment, construction, services, etc. The developments in telecommunication sector provide suitable platform for applying data analytics in rural India. The focus of the Government to build digital India through broadband highways connecting every household, village, panchayat, Government department will generate huge amount of data which can be analysed to provide solution to the never ending problems of rural India and to create smarter villages. This paper provides conceptual framework for the application of data analytics in enhancing rural development by supporting different sectors such as agriculture, banking, governance and healthcare.
Dynamical Basis for Regge Trajectories in the Pion-Nucleon System

Relations for the coupling between the various partialwave amplitudes are derived, and the pairing of Regge trajectories through the action of exchange forces is considered. The effect of P/sub 33/ exchange on F states is examined, and quantum number assignments for maxima in pi /sup -/-p and pi /sup +/-p interactions are suggested on the basis of exchange considerations. (D.C.W.)
Windsor and Perry: Reactions of Siblings in Same-Sex and Heterosexual Couples

The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in U.S. v. Windsor (570 U.S. 307) and Hollingsworth v. Perry (570 U.S. 399) created a focal point for public discussion of marriage equality for same-sex couples. This article reports the results of an exploratory study of the reactions of individuals currently or previously in same-sex couple relationships and a heterosexual sibling who is currently or previously married (N = 371) to the Supreme Court decisions. Thematic content analysis was used to explore participants’ responses to an open-ended question on a survey. Reactions of individuals from same-sex couples revealed the following themes: (1) longitudinal perspectives on the advancement of rights for same-sex couples; (2) emotional responses celebrating the decisions or expressing relief; (3) affirmation of their relationship or rights; (4) practical consequences of the extension of rights; and (5) minority stress related to anticipation of future prejudice or discrimination. Themes in the heterosexual siblings’ re...
Desert grand unified theories and new light degrees of freedom.

We show that by introducing additional degrees of freedom with masses of the order of the electroweak scale the usual predictions for the proton lifetime and ${sin}^{2}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{W}$ obtained in the contexts of grand-unified-theory models with deserts can now be made to agree with current experimental data. We tabulate a number of possible quantum number assignments for these new particles.
The 1980 and 1984 U.S. elections and the New Deal. An alternative interpretation.

This article has three sections. The first discusses the hegemonic interpretations of the 1980 and 1984 U.S. elections that are being reproduced on both sides of the political spectrum and that are presented as justification of current federal health and social policies. This section presents evidence that questions those hegemonic interpretations. Section II presents an alternative explanation of current political realities rooted in the class practices of the current federal administration and the Republican Party and in the abandonment by the opposition party--the Democratic Party--of the class practices of the New Deal. It discusses the reasons for that situation and analyzes its consequence for social policy. Section III presents evidence that questions the ideological arguments that are put forward by the Right (and are uncritically accepted by large sectors of the Left) and that sustain current federal economic and social policies. This section concludes with a discussion of alternative policies, stressing the need to rediscover class practices and its implication in health and social policy.
Neurokeratin network of the peripheral nerve fibre myelin sheath as a centre of metabolic activity.

THE neurokeratin network has long been regarded by histologists as a fixation artefact ; it is figured as such in papers and text-books. Sometimes it is shown as irregular bands radiating through the myelin sheath to the neurilemma, sometimes as a network particularly at the surface of the fibre or around the axon.
Genome‐wide scan of brothers: Replication and fine mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness loci

BACKGROUND Substantial evidence suggests that genetic factors play an important role in both the risk of prostate cancer and its biologic aggressiveness. Here we investigate prostate cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness with genome-wide linkage analyses of affected brothers. METHODS We first undertook a new genome-wide linkage study of 259 brothers with prostate cancer. Our analyses tested whether the proportion of marker alleles shared by brothers was correlated with disease status or Gleason score. To further clarify 11 linkage regions observed here or previously, we genotyped and analyzed an additional 101 finely spaced markers in the 259 men, and in 594 previously studied brothers, allowing for a pooled genome-wide analysis of 853 affected brothers. RESULTS In the new study, we detected linkage to prostate cancer on chromosome 16q23 (P = 0.009), replicating previous results, and to chromosome 11q24 (P = 0.001). In the pooled analysis, the 16q23 linkage was strengthened (P = 0.0005), as was our previous linkage to chromosome 16p (P = 0.0001), and we detected linkage to chromosome 2q32 (P = 0.009). When evaluating Gleason score, our new study detected linkage to chromosome 7q32 (P = 0.0009), again replicating previous results, and to chromosomes 5p15 (P = 0.003), 9q34 (P = 0.009), 10q26 (P = 0.03), and 18p11 (P = 0.02). In the pooled analysis of Gleason score, we observed stronger linkage to chromosome 7q32 (P = 0.0002), but slightly weaker linkage to chromosomes 5q33 (P = 0.005) and 19q13 (P = 0.009) than previously reported. In addition, the new linkages to chromosomes 10q26 and 18p11 were strengthened (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide compelling evidence for loci harboring prostate cancer susceptibility and tumor aggressiveness genes, especially on chromosomes 16q23 and 7q32. Prostate 57: 298–308, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A comparison of clinical ratings with vocal acoustic measures of flat affect and alogia

In this report we compare clinical ratings of flat affect and alogia with objective measures of the patient's speech prosody and productivity. Thirty schizophrenic patients were evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the St. Hans Rating Scale for extra pyramidal side effects. Their speech was recorded and analyzed acoustically for measures of prosody and productivity. Correlations between pairs of SANS items and acoustic measures (e.g. Vocal Inflection and Fundamental Frequency Variance) were weak. The SANS item and global ratings were strongly related. Ratings of bradykinesia overlapped with the SANS ratings but not with the acoustic measures. The SANS ratings appear to be derived from global impressions, with diffuse confounding of flat affect with alogia, and with bradykinesia. Acoustic analysis has the potential to provide objective measures that may help develop operational definitions of these constructs and enhance clinical assessment.
A Rapid, Centrifugation-Free Radioimmunoassay Specific for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Using Glass Beads as Solid Phase*

A simple, specific, rapid, centrifugation-free solid phase RIA for hCG has been developed. Purified γ-globulin isolated from antisera produced against hCGβ in rabbits is covalently linked to glutaraldehyde-activated aminopropyl glass beads. The entire assay can be completed within 3 h at room temperature. The sensitivity (1 ng/ml), precision (intra- and interassay variabilities, <10% and <15%, respectively), and specificity (0.4% cross-reactivity with LH) are comparable to other methods. The hCG levels determined by the present method show good correlation with those obtained by another RIA and by radioreceptorassay. The present method also provides the basis for the development of similar rapid and sensitive assays of other hormones.
Dispersion of low-energy waves for the generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation

On considere les equations suivantes: u t +u x +(F(u)) x +u xxx =0(1) et u t +u x +(F(u)) x −u xxt =0(2) avec F:R→R est C ∞ . On donne le comportement des solutions ondes a basse energie pour certains F
Cryo balloon ablation in the left atria and esophageal injury

Esophagus to LA fistula formation is a devastating complication of LA RF circumferential ablation. It is proposed that cryo balloon ablation is a safer and more effective technology for the ablation of AF. In four dogs (35 2 Kg) we have examined the impact of cryo balloon ablation of both PVs and posterior LA tissues on the integrity of the esophagus. Total of 42 lesions were placed, at the average body temperature of 99 0.8 F, and average maximal catheter temperatures of -77 2 C that were applied for 2 min. The lowest average intra-esophageal temperatures of 94 1 F at the time of ablation were recorded by esophageal thermometer that was placed at the location of lowest temperature and closest proximity to the cryo balloon assessed by steep LAO and RAO fluoroscopy. Cryo ablations were applied above the mitral ring where the LA and the esophagus are in closest proximity. The lowest temperature was recorded during left inferior pulmonary veins and posterior LA wall ablation. Pathological evaluation of the external esophagus examined acutely and 1 week after ablation revealed circular hemorrhagic lesions in close proximity to each other with maximum diameter of 18.7 mm, with an elevated erythematous rim surrounding each lesion. Morphologically most lesions were in the serosa and the external muscular coat of the esophagus. All lesions were sectioned. Histologic evaluation documented loss of nuclei, loss of architecture and pyknosis of myocytes. In the 3-7 days old lesions, there was mild lymphocytic infiltration with damage involving the serosa, the external muscle layer and with mild focal damage to the inner muscle layer. Sub-mucosal glands and the mucosa were normal. Conclusion: Cryo balloon ablation of the inferior PVs and the posterior wall of the LA in this model does penetrate to the outer layers of the esophagus, however no transmural lesions were noted and esophagus structural integrity remained intact.
How information frame influences risky decisions: Between-subjects and within-subject comparisons

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that subjects who receive positively framed information evaluate decision options more favorably than do other subjects who receive the same information framed negatively. This study examines whether the initial frame continues to influence responses of a given subject even after the frame is changed. In separate sequentially administered booklets, subjects were presented a series of gambles expressed in terms of probability of winning (positive condition), probability of losing (negative condition), or both (mixed condition). Subjects indicated whether they would take each ganble and rated their confidence in each decision Between-subjects analyses based on only the first condition received by each subject revealed a significant framing effect. Evaluations were most favorable in the positive condition and least favorable in the negative condition. Within-subject analyses based on all three conditions received by each subject revealed no significant framing effect. The effect of the initial frame apparently perseveres despite subsequent changes in the frame.
CONDITIONS FOR THE AUTOLYSIS OF ALPHA-GALACTOSIDES AND PHYTIC ACID IN CALIFORNIA SMALL WHITE BEANS

The conditions for the autolysis of stachyose, raffinose and phytic acid in California small white beans were determined. It was found that initially the beans contain about 3.7% stachyose, 0.4% raffinose and no detectable verbascose. Optimum conditions for autolysis of these sugars are pH 5 and 45–65°C. Approximately 30% of the sugars are hydrolyzed in 9 hr, 50% in 24 hr and 70% in 48 hr. Disappearance of the oligosaccharides is accompanied by corresponding increases in galactose and sucrose. Other changes occur during incubation, including the hydrolysis of phytic acid with the production of inorganic phosphate and inositol. Optimum conditions for the production of inorganic phosphate and inositol are pH 5 and 35–45°C. When fed to rats incubated preparations of beans produced less hydrogen than nonincubated preparations.
Abstract IA27: Combinatorial immunotherapy using whole tumor antigen: Evidence from phase I trials

Novel therapeutic strategies are warranted in recurrent ovarian cancer. We report two independent consecutive studies of combinatorial immunotherapy comprising dendritic cell (DC)-based autologous whole tumor antigen vaccination in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy. Thirty one patients with recurrent progressive stage III and IV ovarian cancer with available tumor lysate from debulking surgery enrolled in two different vaccination studies. First six underwent priming with intravenous bevacizumab and oral metronomic cyclophosphamide followed by vaccination with an autologous DC preparation pulsed with freeze-thaw autologous tumor lysate while the other 25 underwent vaccination with an enhanced vaccine of autologous DCs loaded with HOCl-oxidized autologous tumor lysate administered intranodally in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy. Both studies were followed by lymphodepletion and transfer of autologous vaccine-primed, ex vivo CD3/CD28-costimulated peripheral blood T-cells, in combination with antiangiogenesis therapy and vaccination. Feasibility, safety, biological and clinical efficacy were evaluated. Eleven patients have completed vaccination and T cell transfer to date, while twenty-three additional patients completed vaccination only. Vaccination was well tolerated and elicited tumor-specific T cell responses against various ovarian tumor antigens. Preliminary results demonstrate that patients9 DCs loaded with HOCl-oxidized lysate elicited strong tumor-specific IFN-gamma; secretions and produced high levels of Th1-priming cytokines and chemokines, including IL-12. A clinical benefit of 65% correlated with the immune response with some patients experiencing prolonged progression free survival. Following lymphodepletion, adoptive transfer of vaccine-primed T-cells was well tolerated and resulted in durable reduction of T-regulatory cells and restoration of vaccine-induced antitumor immunity in patients who experienced clinical benefit. One patient exhibited a complete response at end of study and stable disease was observed in 7 out of the 11 patients who completed vaccination and T cell transfer. Data on additional patients will be presented at the meeting. Our results suggest the use of combinatorial cellular immunotherapy comprising DC vaccination with whole tumor antigen and adoptive lymphocyte transfer using tumor antigen-specific T cells for the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer is promising yet warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Lana E. Kandalaft, Janos Tanyi, Cheryl Chiang, George Coukos. Combinatorial immunotherapy using whole tumor antigen: Evidence from phase I trials. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
Harmonic measurements on transmission systems

Harmonic measurements by the National Grid Company (NGC) on its 400 kV and 275 kV system confirm an upward trend in harmonic levels at transmission level voltages. It is believed that this is due largely to the changing nature of the loads connected at lower voltage, particularly the proliferation of consumer electronic equipment containing components and power supplies with nonlinear characteristics. This paper indicates some of the results from a harmonic monitoring exercise across the transmission system and discusses the critical influence of harmonic impedance on the levels observed.
Isolation of a D-genome specific repeated DNA sequence fromAegilops squarrosa

Three repeated sequence clones, pAS1(1.0 Kb), pAS2(1.8 Kb) and pAS12(2.5 Kb), were isolated fromAegilops squarrosa (Triticum tauschii). The inserts of the three clones did not hybridize to each other. Two of the clones, pAS2 and pAS12, contain repeated sequences which were distributed throughout the genome. The clone pAS1 sequence was more restricted and was located in specific areas on telomeres and certain interstitial sites along the chromosome length. This cloned sequence was also found to be restricted to the D genome at the level ofin situ hybridization. The pAS1 sequence will be useful in chromosomal identification and phylogenetic analysis. All three clones will allow assessment of genome plasticity inAegilops squarrosa.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Lesions With FDG-PET: Comparison of Findings in Patients With and Without a History of Prior Malignancy

Study objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary lesions both in patients with and without a history of prior malignancy. Design Forty-eight consecutive patients with pulmonary lesions suspicious for malignancy underwent FDG-PET scanning. Group 1 included 27 patients without and group 2 included 21 patients with a history of malignancy. Pathologic proof of diagnosis was obtained for 32 patients and 16 patients were followed up clinically and radiographically for at least 6 months. The standard uptake ratio (SUR) and the lesion to background (L/B) ratio were determined in 45 patients. Setting Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Results In group 1, the average SUR and L/B ratio for malignant lesions (n=14) were 8.9 ±4.9 and 20.6 ± 14.2, respectively. For benign lesions (n=12), the average SUR was 3.3±3.2 and L/B ratio was 5.2±5.5. In group 2, the average SUR and L/B ratio for malignant lesions were not significantly different from group 1. Using either a SUR greater than 2.5 or L/B ratio greater than 5 as an cutoff level to differentiate benign and malignant lesions, the sensitivity and negative predictive value in both groups were 100%. There were five false-positive studies in group 1 and one in group 2, including tuberculosis (n=2), a granulomatous lesion (n=l), an inflammatory lesion (n=l), a schwannoma (n=l), and a fibrous mesothelioma (n=l). The overall accuracy was 88%, 81% in group 1, and 95% in group 2. Conclusion FDG-PET can identify malignant pulmonary lesions both in patients without and with a history of prior malignancy with a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for lesions greater than 1 cm (100% in this study). High FDG uptake by some inflammatory processes and benign tumors may cause false-positive results. Semiquantitative evaluation using SUR or L/B ratio provides similar accuracy.
TBP-associated factors (TAFIIs): multiple, selective transcriptional mediators in common complexes

Transcription of eukaryotic structural genes requires the assembly of RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (GTFs) on the promoter to form a pre-initiation complex (PIC). Among these, TFIID is the major sequence-specific DNA-binding component; the other GTFs enter the PIC primarily through protein-protein interactions. TFIID is composed of the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and multiple TBP-associated factors (TAFIIs). Unexpectedly, TAFIIs have also been found in other multi-subunit complexes involved in transcription. Whereas TBP is a general transcription factor, a variety of in vivo studies have demonstrated that TAFIIs are highly promoter selective. Here I review studies on the role of TAFIIs in genome-wide transcription and their mechanism of action.
The timing of prepayment: A theoretical analysis

This article develops the analytical methods necessary to determine the prepayment patterns of a mortgage contract. The most obvious measure of how many years a mortgage is likely to last is the expected time to termination. It is this measure that we most fully explore. However, since the method employed is able to characterize the probability of prepayment in any given time period, the means is provided to determine any measure of the time to termination.
Immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma: recent results

Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is refractory to all traditional therapies and has been the subject of intense investigation using newer therapeutic modalities, including monoclonal antibodies, lymphokine-activated killer cells and vaccines. We review these newer immunotherapies and summarize our results with radioimmune imaging and radioimmunotherapy using mouse xenografts of human RCC and one of our RCC-preferential monoclonal antibodies (A6H). We have consistently been able to image RCC xenografts without background subtraction. Radioimmunotherapy caused tumor shrinkage, and dosimetry results were consistent with xenograft “cure.” Phase I clinical trials are now underway at this institution.
A Spreadsheet Exercise To Teach the Fourier Transform in FTIR Spectrometry

A spreadsheet exercise is presented that is designed to complement descriptions of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) found in some analytical chemistry textbooks. Students can convert spectra collected with an FTIR spectrometer into interferograms and back into spectra. They can also import interferograms from an FTIR spectrometer into the spreadsheet and convert them into spectra.
Effect of Masticatory Efficiency on the Occurrence of Gastric Distress

A group of 129 hospital patients were categorized according to whether they possessed masticating efficiency, which was represented by the presence or absence of posterior teeth. It was determined by examining the records of their hospital stays that masticating efficiency, as defined, did not significantly affect the occurrence of gastric distress.
Identification of the structural region of taxol that may be responsible for cytokine gene induction and cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells

Purpose: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a pleiotropic chemokine with both chemoattractant and angiogenic properties. In addition to its cytotoxic effects on ovarian cancer cells, taxol can transcriptionally activate genes such as IL-8 that may play a role in tumorigenesis. Utilizing IL-8 as a prototypic marker of tumor-derived modulators of growth, we undertook a systematic study of taxol and 11 structurally modified taxol analogs to identify the region of the taxane skeleton responsible for IL-8 gene induction. Methods: The human ovarian cancer cell line OVCA-420 was exposed to taxol or taxol analogs. IL-8 gene induction was assessed by Northern blot analysis after 6 h and cytotoxicity after 72 h. Results: Changes in the southern hemisphere (C-1 to C-4) of the taxane skeleton had greater effects on IL-8 induction than changes in the northern hemisphere (C-7 to C-11). Some of the taxol analogs modified at positions C-1 and/or C-2 with increased hydrophobicity induced IL-8 expression more than threefold over that induced by taxol or taxotere and more than 20-fold over control cells. Cells that failed to induce IL-8 gene expression in response to taxol were only marginally responsive to the analogs unless first primed with IL-1β. Modifications to the northern hemisphere did not alter taxol's effect on IL-8 expression in human cells, but did influence TNFα expression in murine macrophage cells, suggesting species and/or gene specificity. We found a direct correlation between IL-8 induction and cytotoxicity, in that analogs that dramatically upregulated IL-8 expression proved to be the most cytotoxic, inhibiting cell survival by >90%. Conclusion: Taken together our results demonstrate that changes in the southern hemisphere of the taxane skeleton influence both the gene induction and cytotoxic potential of taxol in human ovarian cancer cells.
The natural history of asymptomatic retinal breaks.

Abstract A long-term prospective follow-up of 359 asymptomatic retinal breaks, involving 231 eyes of 196 patients, was carried out for from one to 18 years, without treatment. This group was drawn from a consecutive series of phakic eyes of patients who had not had retinal detachment. Fifty of the breaks were fractional tears with attached flaps. No case of clinical retinal detachment occurred. Eighteen separate small subclinical retinal detachments occurred, involving 17 eyes, but only three of these enlarged slightly. No case in the series was treated. The absence of clinical retinal detachment in this series argues strongly for the relative safety of asymptomatic retinal breaks in phakic, nonfellow eyes, even if they are tears with attached flap in superior locations. Prophylactic treatment is not justified for this type of break in this type of eye.
Problems of interpretation of liver biopsy in Hodgkin's disease.

Review of 115 autopsy cases of Hodgkin's disease showed hepatic involvement in 73 patients (63%). Review of 86 liver biopsy specimens from 65 patients with Hodgkin's disease disclosed hepatic involvement in 9 patients (14%). Pre-biopsy evaluation of the liver was in disagreement with biopsy findings in about one third of the patients; alkaline phosphatase was the most sensitive parameter evaluated and liver scan the least sensitive. All positive liver biopsies were wedge specimens, most obtained from areas considered grossly suspicious by the surgeon. Despite modern staging methods, the liver remains a “blind area” and inspection of the liver by the surgeon at laparotomy is a valuable staging technique. Ten patients with liver biopsy had hepatic lesions lacking Sternberg-Reed cells but otherwise consistent with Hodgkin's disease. In view of the profound effect of liver biopsy findings on therapy decisions, it is recommended that diagnostic certainty be reserved for hepatic lesions containing Sternberg-Reed cells.
The Blalock-Taussig operation.

Summary Of ten children in whom the chest was opened to perform the Blalock-Taussig operation, six were remarkably improved. Of the remaining four (regardless of whether or not the anastomosis was performed) two were neither improved nor apparently harmed, and two did not survive.
Thick beryllium coatings by ion-assisted magnetron sputtering

Thick (>150 μm) beryllium coatings are studied as an ablator material of interest for fusion fuel capsules for the National Ignition Facility. DC magnetron sputtering is used because of the relative controllability of the processing temperature and energy of the deposits. However, coatings produced by DC magnetron sputtering leak the fuel gas D2. By using ion-assisted DC magnetron, sputtered coatings can be made that are leak-tight. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed microstructural changes that lead to leak-tight coating. Ultrasmall angle x-ray spectroscopy is used to characterize the void distribution and volume along the spherical surface along with a combination of focused ion beam, scanning electron microscope, and TEM. An in situ multibeam optical stress sensor was used to measure the stress behavior of thick beryllium coatings on flat substrates as the material was being deposited.
Feasibility of Pairing Behavioral Activation With Exercise for Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: The Get It Study Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial☆

Major depressive disorder is often comorbid with diabetes and associated with worse glycemic control. Exercise improves glycemic control and depression, and thus could be a parsimonious intervention for patients with comorbid diabetes and major depression. Because patients with diabetes and comorbid depression are often sedentary and lack motivation to exercise, we developed a group exercise intervention that integrates strategies from behavioral activation therapy for depression to increase motivation for and enjoyment of exercise. We conducted a 6-month pilot randomized controlled trial to test the feasibility of the behavioral activation exercise intervention (EX) for women with diabetes and depression. Of the 715 individuals who contacted us about the study, 29 participants were randomized to the EX condition or an enhanced usual care condition (EUC), which represents 4.1% of participants who initially contacted us. Inclusion criteria made recruitment challenging and limits the feasibility of recruiting women with diabetes and depression for a larger trial of the intervention. Retention was 96.5% and 86.2% at 3 and 6months. Participants reported high treatment acceptability; use of behavioral activation strategies and exercise class attendance was acceptable. No condition differences were observed for glycemic control, depressive symptoms, and physical activity, though depressive symptoms and self-reported physical activity improved over time. Compared to participants in the EUC condition, participants in the EX condition reported greater exercise enjoyment and no increase in avoidance behavior over time. Using behavioral activation strategies to increase exercise is feasible in a group exercise setting. However, whether these strategies can be delivered in a less intensive manner to a broader population of sedentary adults, for greater initiation and maintenance of physical activity, deserves further study.
Life Prediction of Aircraft Aluminum Subjected to Pitting Corrosion Under Fatigue Conditions

Aircraft aluminum alloys suffer material degradation which affects structural integrity due to the complex pitting corrosion-fatigue process resulting from the operating environment. There is a need for developing simple models to predict the life of such materials in the preliminary design of aircraft. This paper briefly reviews major corrosion-fatigue models, and presents a simple deterministic model that considers the simultaneous existence of cyclic stressing and corrosive conditions. The model that takes into account the influence of cyclic stresses on pitting is based on the total-life approach, which considers all stages of the process, and is tested on aircraft aluminum alloy 2024-T3. The results indicate that the presence of a corrosive environment accelerates the fatigue damage even at nominal stresses. The crack initiation from pit sites is extremely fast at high stress levels and can occur even from relatively small pits. At lower stress levels, the crack initiation stage, in comparison with crack propagation, consumes a major part of the material's life. The life predictions obtained from the model are in reasonable agreement with the limited experimental data available from literature.
Critical Inquiry and Use as Action.

A conception of evaluation as learning focuses attention on the critical inquiry cycle that incorporates use throughout the evaluation process.
Intelligent methods for reconfiguration of terrestrial and shipboard power systems

Increased reliability issues for terrestrial power systems are pushing more and more animation down to the distribution system. Additionally shipboard power systems have reconfiguration requirements to meet survivability and fight through capabilities. In each of these cases intelligent systems provide a solution for developing reconfiguration algorithms at the distribution level. While the objectives for two systems may be different, there is overlap. Additionally the terrestrial power systems have established IEEE test cases that provide a platform for verifying algorithm development. This panel summary will discuss efforts at Mississippi State University to use intelligent system techniques for distribution reconfiguration. Our research team has applications of multi-agent systems[2-10], genetic algorithms[11-13] and particle swarm optimization [12] and for different aspects of reconfiguration for both terrestrial and shipboard power systems. The various techniques and their results will be compared. Also several different types systems related to shipboard power systems will be introduced.
Psychiatry in the Harvard Medical School—Cambridge Integrated Clerkship: An Innovative, Year-Long Program

The authors present what is to their knowledge the first description of a model for longitudinal third-year medical student psychiatry education. A longitudinal, integrated psychiatric curriculum was developed, implemented, and sustained within the Harvard Medical School-Cambridge Integrated Clerkship. Curriculum elements include longitudinal mentoring by attending physicians in an outpatient psychiatry clinic, exposure to the major psychotherapies, psychopharmacology training, acute psychiatry “immersion” experiences, and a variety of clinical and didactic teaching sessions. The longitudinal psychiatry curriculum has been sustained for 8 years to-date, providing effective learning as demonstrated by OSCE scores, NBME shelf exam scores, written work, and observed clinical work. The percentage of students in this clerkship choosing psychiatry as a residency specialty is significantly greater than those in traditional clerkships at Harvard Medical School and greater than the U.S. average. Longitudinal integrated clerkship experiences are effective and sustainable; they offer particular strengths and opportunities for psychiatry education, and may influence student choice of specialty.
Recalling Harassment, Reconstructing Experience

In this study we examine how events that may have been called “normal” or “acceptable” by some people at one time are recalled and reconstructed as “harassment.” Four interviewers conducted open-ended unstructured interviews with 21 women about incidents in which sex was not the ostensible purpose of the encounter but sexual innuendo and in some cases assault was the result. The analysis of their stories explores how they experienced events that at the time were not called “sexual harassment” but that they now call by that name. The respondents describe themselves as having been “naive” or “gullible” and having felt “guilty” or “ashamed.” In analyzing these stories the paper compares the experiences of “preverbal” children and adults who recall events that have been reconceptualized as assaultive rather than acceptable.
A massively parallel algorithm for nonlinear stochastic network problems

We develop an algorithm for solving nonlinear, two-stage stochastic problems with network recourse. The algorithm is based on the framework of row-action methods. The problem is formulated by replicating the first-stage variables and then adding nonanticipativity side constraints. A series of independent deterministic network problems are solved at each step of the algorithm, followed by an iterative step over the nonanticipativity constraints. The solution point of the iterates over the nonanticipativity constraints is obtained analytically. The row-action nature of the algorithm makes it suitable for parallel implementations. A data representation of the problem is developed that permits the massively parallel solution of all the scenario subproblems concurrently. The algorithm is implemented on a Connection Machine CM-2 with up to 32K processing elements and achieves computing rates of 276 MFLOPS. Very large problems-8,192 scenarios with a deterministic equivalent nonlinear program with 868,367 constraints and 2,474,017 variables-are solved within a few minutes. We report extensive numerical results regarding the effects of stochasticity on the efficiency of the algorithm.
Surveying through cyberspace

This article describes an evaluator’s experience constructing a World Wide Web site to collect evaluation data. Data collection via the Web presents a series of technical and design challenges. Eight lessons surrounding Web site development, including site design, data management, data presentation, and computer platform considerations are discussed. The article concludes that Web-based data collection has several possible advantages over paper-and-pencil forms and is a promising method that does not compromise data quality.
From Freedom to Liberty: The Construction of a Political Value

L'A. entreprend la construction d'une approche de la liberte comme valeur politique, qui s'inscrit dans le debat philosophique sur la legitimation du pouvoir, le conflit d'interpretation et l'opposition politique. Examinant les notions de liberte primitive, de restriction et de coercition, l'A. mesure le cout de la revendication libertaire en terme de ressentiment et de frustration, et montre que la societe moderne tend a reduire les contraintes de la liberte.
Fiscal Policy, Conflict, and Reconstruction in Burundi and Rwanda

The ethnic conflicts in Burundi and Rwanda have severely weakened the economies and worsened the structural fiscal imbalances of these countries. Government revenue has declined due to the erosion of the tax base and tax administration capacity. At the same time, governments have shifted the allocation of resources from capital and social expenditures to military and security spending. This paper argues that there is a strong connection between a military-intensive fiscal policy stance and the lack of political legitimacy. A narrow-based regime tends to increase spending on security to increase its chances of survival. This strategy has dire social and economic consequences. In the long run, the economy may be caught in a “militarized poverty trap.” Fiscal stability is therefore contingent upon institutional reform aimed at establishing accountable and democratic governance.
Dynamic load balancing performance in cellular networks with multiple traffic types

Several multimedia applications are being introduced to cellular networks. Since the quality of service (QoS) requirements such as bandwidth for different services might be different, the analysis of conventional multimedia cellular networks has been done using multi-dimensional Markov-chains in previous works. In these analyses, it is assumed that a call request will be blocked if the number of available channels is not sufficient to support the service. However, it has been shown in previous works that the call blocking rate can be reduced significantly, if a dynamic load balancing scheme is employed. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for the analysis of dynamic load balancing schemes with multiple traffic types. To illustrate the impact of dynamic load balancing on the performance, we study the integrated cellular and ad hoc relay (iCAR) system. Our results show that with a proper amount of load balancing capability (i.e., load balancing channels), the call blocking probability for all traffic types can be reduced significantly.
Neurosurgical Procedures Monitored by Intraoperative MRI

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Interventional MRI Design 3 MRI-Guided Biopsy Procedures 4 MRI Guidance for Open Craniotomies 5 Future Perspectives 6 Conclusions 7 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
A randomized control study of instructional approaches for struggling adult readers.

Abstract This study measured the effectiveness of various instructional approaches on the reading outcomes of 198 adults who read single words at the 3.0 through 5.9 grade equivalency levels. The students were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: Decoding and Fluency; Decoding, Comprehension, and Fluency; Decoding, Comprehension, Fluency, and Extensive Reading; Extensive Reading; and a Control/Comparison approach. The Control/Comparison approach employed a curriculum common to community-based adult literacy programs, and the Extensive Reading approach focused on wide exposure to literature. The Fluency component was a guided repeated oral reading approach, and the Decoding/Comprehension components were SRA/McGraw-Hill Direct Instruction Corrective Reading Programs. Results indicated continued weaknesses in and poor integration of participants’ skills. Although students made significant gains independent of reading instruction group, all improvements were associated with small effect si...
A Synoptic Climatology of the Elevated Mixed-Layer Inversion over the Southern Great Plains in Spring. Part III: Relationship to Severe-Storms Climatology

Abstract This study investigates the relationships between the occurrence of the lid (also known as a type 1 tornado sounding) and the occurrence of severe storms over Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas during the spring season (defined as the months of April, May, and June). The period of this study covers four seasons from 1983 through 1986. The size distribution of severe storm events is examined in relation to the occurrence/size of the antecedent lid over the study region. Days in which no severe weather was observed over the region (defined as “non-event” days) are included in order to examine the occurrence/size of the lid on these days as well. The relationships between the occurrence/size of severe-storm outbreaks and the antecedent lid are also examined using conceptual models of the life cycle of lid development and dissipation, for both early and late spring. Composite mean analyses of key meteorological parameters and geographic frequency composites of the elevated mixed layer, buoyant instability (...
Recounting Binomial Fibonacci Identities

In [4], Carlitz demonstrates $$ {F_L}\sum\limits_{{x_1} = 0}^n {\sum\limits_{{x_2} = 0}^n {...\sum\limits_{{x_{L = 0}}}^n {\left( \begin{gathered}n - {x_L} \hfill \\{x_1} \hfill \\\end{gathered} \right)} } } \left( \begin{gathered}n - {x_1} \hfill \\{x_2} \hfill \\\end{gathered} \right)...\left( \begin{gathered}n - {x_L} - 1 \hfill \\{x_L} \hfill \\\end{gathered} \right) = {F_{\left( {n + 1} \right)L,}} $$ (1) using sophisticated matrix methods and Binet’s formula. Nevertheless, the presence of binomial coefficients suggests that an elementary combinatorial proof should be possible. In this paper, we present such a proof, leading to other Fibonacci identities.