cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in Interdiurnal Temperature Variation for the Central United States, 1945–1985

Temporal variation in the absolute value of interdiurnal variability (AIDV) of January maximum temperatures is examined for the period 1945–1985 in the central United States (90°–105°W). AIDV indicates the magnitude of day-to-day changes in the maximum temperature. Five-year running-mean AIDV values decreased significantly throughout the period. This trend was apparent for the region overall and for the 10 of the 20 study sites analyzed individually. Temporal variation in AIDV values was significantly related to mid-tropospheric flow patterns over the central United States. Meridional circulation was associated with smaller AIDV values in all sites except those in the northwestern and southeastern corners of the study area, whereas zonal flow was linked to larger interdiurnal temperature change. The analysis of selected individual years indicated that mid-tropospheric circulation patterns were more persistent with meridional flow, and surface cyclones and their associated surface fronts tracked through th...
Age and sex: factors in defining the term "handicap".

A random sample of 67 males and 74 females was divided into three age groups: 12 to 25, 26 to 45, and 46 to 82 yr. old. Subjects were given a questionnaire asking them to rank five groups or classes of people they felt should be labeled “handicapped.” An analysis of variance indicated that over-all, definitions of the term “handicap” differed significantly according to age and sex. Males emphasized “social” and “intellectual” conditions, while females stressed the more visible (unattractive) conditions. The youngest age group listed “race,” “speech,” and “socio-economic” conditions more frequently, while the middle-aged group was more concerned with “physical incapacitation,” “blindness,” and “heart disease.” The oldest age group stressed “mental illness” and “mental retardation” most frequently.
The Usa Mathematics Advisory Panel

In the USA, the National Mathematics Advisory Panel (NMAP) was set up by President George Bush. Its stated aims centre on the importance of mathematics education to the perceived national priorities of the USA. Close analyses of the commendably extensive public documentation generated reveal further aspects of the workings of political processes, the nature of ideological alliances and conflicts among numerous interest groups, and philosophical/ideological positions about the nature of mathematics as a discipline, as a school subject, and in relation to society.
Using Financial Statement Data To Identify Factors Associated With Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Based on stepwise-logistic models, this study finds that financial leverage, capital turnover, asset composition and firm size are significant factors associated with fraudulent financial reporting Prediction results suggest that these models outperform a nae strategy of classifying all firms as nonfraud firms for all levels of relative costs of type I and type II errors. The models also correctly identify a large percentage of fraud firms and misclassify a relatively small percentage of nonfraud firms when realistic relative error costs are assumed.
Hepatitis B and C: influence of immunosuppression.

The differential diagnosis of acute liver disease occurring in the patient with neoplastic disease treated with either chemotherapy or transplantation is extensive (Table 1). Recurrence of primary disease, drug-induced liver disease, vascular disease including veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome, infarction, graft-versus-host disease, and infection may all occur. The major infectious causes of liver disease include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, and hepatosplenic candidiasis. Additionally, multiple types of hepatic injury may coexist, thereby potentiating the extent of liver cell injury and increasing the severity of clinical illness.
Users' (mis)conceptions of social applications

Many social network sites, such as Facebook and MySpace, feature social applications, applications and services written by third party developers that provide additional functionality linked to a user's profile. Current platforms allow these applications to consume much of a user's profile information, as well as the profile information of the user's friends. Researchers are proposing mechanisms to reduce the risks of this data sharing, yet these efforts need to be informed with an understanding of application use and impressions. This paper examines users' motivations, intentions, and concerns with using applications, as well as their perceptions of data sharing. Our results indicate that the social interaction driving application use is also leading to a lack of awareness of data sharing, its risks, and its implications.
Scour in Stormwater Catchbasin Devices – Experimental Results from a Full-Scale Physical Model

Hydrodynamic devices have long been proposed as sediment traps in storm drainage systems. The earliest, and simplest, hydrodynamic device is an inlet with a ca…
Spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): role of adult imbibing in reproduction

Laboratory-caged bud worm adults readily imbibed water droplets adhering to balsam fir foliage, as well as honey-sweetened and nonsweetened water in foam-latex sponges. Performance in six aspects of reproduction improved 27 to 108% when adults imbibed water compared with nothing, and 15 to 72% when they imbibed sweetened water compared with nonsweetened water. Respective gains in total fecundity including unlaid eggs were 27 and 20%; in number of eggs laid, 56 and 64%. Imbibing water increased oocyte maturation after eclosion, and imbibing sweetened water both increased oocyte production and further increased oocyte maturation after eclosion, phenomena not previously documented for tortricines. Precipitation provides water for natural imbibing, and a possible sweetener is honeydew of the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch.
Personal Information Managers

Personal information managers (PIMs) are computer programs that handle scheduling, keep address books updated, and organize all types of information. Some programs allow customization, and some are rigidly programmed; some are Windows-based, and some are DOS-based. The article, the second in a three-part series on personal computers, compares various PIMs to introduce laboratorians to these programs. It alerts them to the nuances in features and benefits among them and reviews some of their applications.
The relative usefulness of automated apolipoprotein A-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol assays as markers for coronary artery disease

Research studies have shown that apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) is a better marker for coronary artery disease (CAD) than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). Yet, it is unclear whether assays for apolipoprotein A-I, which is part of macromolecular lipoprotein complex, can perform as well when measured by routine automated clinical laboratory techniques. The purpose of this study was to compare automated apolipoprotein A-I assays with HDLC as a marker for CAD. The authors studied two groups of of angiographically documented men, aged 44–70 years, 42 with CAD and 123 without CAD in an unmatched, controlled study. Standard clinical laboratory techniques for assaying HDLC, and automated kit rate immunonephelometric, end point immunonephelometric, and immunoturbidimetric assays for apolipoprotein A-I were used. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was a better marker than apolipoprotein A-I, according to the Mann Whitney test; HDLC also showed better diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Using a precipitation method, HDL3 was a better marker than HDL2, but not as good as total HDLC. The authors concluded that HDLC remains the best routine single CAD marker commonly available for evaluation of HDL status in a high-risk population.
Design of sensitive data protection system in power system terminal

There is a risk of data leakage from the terminal of smart grid business systems,so the protection of terminal data is important.Based on the previous security analysis and research of business terminal of the power system,the security protection system and method for the terminal sensitive data are designed.The system and method involves reasonable access control and sensitive data judgement.Therefore,every link and flow process of the method are analyzed in detail.It plays an important role of protection and reference for the sensitive data in power system terminal.
Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: percutaneous versus operative palliation.

BACKGROUND Several nonoperative and operative options are available for palliation of patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. This retrospective analysis compares the results of nonoperative percutaneous stenting and operative palliation in 65 patients. METHODS Twenty-one patients were managed with percutaneous biliary stents (group A), and 44 patients underwent laparotomy (group B) with placement of large-bore silicone rubber transhepatic stents in 33. The two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, mean laboratory data, and cholangiographic extent of tumor. RESULTS Group A and group B patients were comparable in hospital morbidity (67% vs 61%), hospital mortality (14% vs 7%), and mean initial hospital stay (27 vs 31 days). Survival was greater in group B laparotomy patients at 1, 3, and 6 months (p < 0.01), and median survival was 5 months for group A compared with 8 months for group B patients (p = 0.06). Group A patients who were managed with percutaneous stents required more stent changes per month of survival (0.5 vs 0.3, p = 0.06). However, group B patients who underwent operative palliation were more likely to undergo a second operation (0% vs 21%, p = 0.05), most often for duodenal or small-bowel obstruction. CONCLUSIONS Operative placement of large-bore transhepatic stents may reduce cholangitis, delay hepatic failure, and prolong survival. We conclude that patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma who are fit for surgery may benefit from operative palliation.
Is noise reactivity reflected in auditory response variables, including those that measure cognition, in dogs? Initial findings

Abstract Noise reactivity and noise phobia are anxiety- and panic-related conditions in dogs that may affect up to 50% of dogs across their lifetime. Affected dogs show a range of signs of distress including trembling, freezing, panting, social withdrawal, pacing, salivating, and escape behaviors. Noise reactivity and phobia have been shown to be comorbid conditions, and their presence may increase the risk and severity of other anxiety-related conditions. Anxiety disorders may interfere with dogs' abilities to perform problem-solving tasks or to interpret information that could be useful in such tasks, including tasks involving or affected by noise. The extent to which noise reactivity or phobia is related to auditory dysfunction or impairment is not known. In this study, we asked whether known noise reactivity in dogs was reflected in any of several measures of auditory function: the brainstem auditory-evoked response, auditory middle-latency response, and mismatch negativity. Most noise-reactive dogs in this study were mildly affected (mean anxiety intensity rank [noise] score 17.65, maximum = 64). Comparison of the major auditory measures of dogs who were noise reactive with those of dogs who were non–noise reactive revealed a significant difference in only one variable of the brainstem auditory-evoked response test, right ear wave-V (RE-V) (Welch's t = 2.55, df = 22.41, P
Joint Preservation Trends in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is problematic because multiple treatment options such as hip joint preservation procedures have been suggested, yet the best treatment for various stages of the disease remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to characterize the trends for hip joint preservation surgical procedures performed for ONFH in the United States between 2008 and 2014 to (1) assess the frequency and rates of surgical procedures for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis; (2) determine the frequency and rate of joint preservation procedures; and (3) determine the frequency and rate of hemiarthroplasty/femoral head resurfacing of this cohort. Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, all patients who had a diagnosis of ONFH and underwent hip joint preservation surgery or hemiarthroplasty/femoral head resurfacing between the years 2008 and 2014 were identified. The hip joint preservation surgical procedures included bone grafting, core decompression, osteotomy, and arthroscopy. The annual frequency and rate of the various surgical procedures were collected. From 2008 to 2014, the annual number of all surgical procedures for ONFH increased from 88 to 1,161. While the number of core decompression procedures increased, the frequency of other joint preserving procedures stayed relatively the same. As a percentage of all surgical procedures, the percentage of all hip joint preservation procedures decreased from 17 to 3.3% (p
Eliminating Disparities in Healthcare Through Quality Improvement

This chapter discusses the role of quality improvement (QI) as a vehicle for eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare. Disparities in health and disparities healthcare are not synonymous. The latter represents only one of many contributors to disparities in health. Furthermore, healthcare disparities result from a complex constellation of patient, provider, organizational, and community/societal factors. Tackling inequities in healthcare requires addressing the predominant cause of a particular healthcare disparity. This can be done through well-designed QI interventions. Such interventions can potentially reduce healthcare disparities through either targeted or universally applied strategies. The former specifically targets minority patients within a healthcare organization or targets organizations that serve largely minority patients. The latter applies QI activities to all patients in the expectation that the intervention disproportionately benefits minorities. A range of QI tools exist to improve care to minorities. Review of available evidence shows that it is possible to reduce, if not eliminate, disparities in healthcare using these tools. However, doing so requires a concerted commitment on the part of health plans and insurance payers to adequately finance such efforts.
Identifying the dimensions of the experience construct: development of the model.

SUMMARY This article proposes a holistic, three phase model structured to incorporate the major components of the Experience construct. While speculation about what constitutes an experience abound, the complex relationship among value, service quality, satisfaction, and experience is in its infancy. Before this relationship can be fully examined, dimensions of these four critical components need to be incorporated into a unified, holistic model that includes the three primary constructs of Service Quality, Value, and Satisfaction. This article focuses on the first challenge by developing a model and offering some propositions to encourage future research about the experience construct in hospitality.
On- and off-axis spectral emission features from laser-produced gas breakdown plasmas

Laser-heated gas breakdown plasmas or sparks emit profoundly in the ultraviolet and visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum with contributions from ionic, atomic, and molecular species. Laser created kernels expand into a cold ambient with high velocities during their early lifetime followed by confinement of the plasma kernel and eventually collapse. However, the plasma kernels produced during laser breakdown of gases are also capable of exciting and ionizing the surrounding ambient medium. Two mechanisms can be responsible for excitation and ionization of the surrounding ambient: photoexcitation and ionization by intense ultraviolet emission from the sparks produced during the early times of their creation and/or heating by strong shocks generated by the kernel during its expansion into the ambient. In this study, an investigation is made on the spectral features of on- and off-axis emission of laser-induced plasma breakdown kernels generated in atmospheric pressure conditions with an aim to eluc...
Catatonia: An Elusive Diagnosis (P05.127)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of Catatonia that represented significant diagnostic dilemma. BACKGROUND: Catatonia is as well known clinical entity yet the diagnosis remains challenging. A diagnostic benzodiazepine challenge is often not considered till late. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: 41 year old female with history of porencephalic cyst, paranoid schizophrenia, and epilepsy was admitted to ICU for severe sepsis secondary to pneumonia. Patient was extubated on day 12 and transferred to medicine floor. However the patient continued to be unresponsive, was mute and immobile and unable to follow commands. On examination patient demonstrated sustained neck and left arm posture with resistance to passive movements by examiner. She was responding to painful stimuli only by grimacing and opened her eyes spontaneously but was resisting passive eye opening. When her arm was stretched out above her head, it fell down missing her face. Patient had extensive work up including imaging studies, serial EEGs and serologic tests that did not explain her poor mental status and unresponsiveness. A presumptive diagnosis of Catatonia was made and 2 mg of lorazepam IV was administered. Within 5 minutes patient showed dramatic response and started following verbal commands and answered questions appropriately. Oral Lorazepam was continued and few days later patient was able to sit up in a chair and feed herself. Subsequently, she was discharged to rehabilitation facility. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates the challenging nature of the disease and dramatic response to appropriate treatment. Exact nature and patho-physiology of the disease continue to remain elusive and warrants further investigation. Disclosure: Dr. Alwaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gujral has nothing to disclose.
Das Demand Fulfillment

Eine Supply Chain ist ein Netzwerk von verschiedenen Akteuren, die an Prozessen zur Herstellung von Produkten und Dienstleistungen fur Endkunden beteiligt sind. Diese Akteure sind sowohl durch Material- als auch durch Informationsflusse miteinander verknupft. Aufgaben der beteiligten Akteure sind neben der Herstellung der Produkte unter anderen auch deren Entwicklung, Distribution, das Marketing und die Betreuung der Kunden.
Theatre programs in community colleges: A policy for equity

This piece presents a theoretical exploration of the potential for the creation of policy that would inform the inclusion of arts and particularly theater courses in all community colleges. In Apri...
Health Effects of Bed Bugs

Bed bugs are bloodsucking pests which have reemerged over the past three decades as major public health pests worldwide. They are increasingly being found in hotels, apartments, homes, subways, trains, and even movie theaters. Bed bug bites may produce a variety of skin lesions, including small itchy papules, large wheals, blisters, and even large areas of dermal vasculitis. This chapter discusses bed bugs and their bite reactions in general and their potential for disease transmission, in particular.
An Update on Postoperative Delirium: Clinical Features, Neuropathogenesis, and Perioperative Management

We present a focused review on postoperative delirium for anesthesiologists, encompassing clinical features, neuropathogenesis, and clinical identification and management strategies based on risk factors and current delirium treatments. The literature on postoperative delirium is dominated by non-experimental studies. We review delirium phenotypes, diagnostic criteria, and present standard nomenclature based on current literature. Disruption of cortical integration of complex information (CICI) may provide a framework to understand the neuropathogenesis of postoperative delirium, as well as risk factors and clinical modifiers in the perioperative period. We further divide risk factors into patient factors, surgical factors, and medical/pharmacological factors, and present specific considerations for each in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Postoperative delirium is prevalent, poorly understood, and often missed with routine clinical care. Proper identification of risk factors is useful for perioperative interventions and can help tailor patient-specific management strategies.
Analysis of Protein-DNA Equilibria by Native Gel Electrophoresis

The electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) is widely used to detect protein–nucleic acid interactions [for representative reviews, see Garner and Revzin (1986), Chodosh (1988), Fried (1989), Carey (1991), Lane et al. (1992), Fried and Garner (1998)]. A particular strength of this method is its ability to detect the simultaneous binding of several proteins to a single molecule of nucleic acid (Figure 14.1), or one (or more) protein(s) to several nucleic acids. Such interactions are of interest because nucleic acid complexes containing large number of proteins play central roles in important cellular transactions including (but not limited to) DNA replication, recombination and repair, and RNA transcription and processing. Although mobility-shift assays are often used for qualitative purposes, under appropriate conditions they can provide quantitative data for the determination of binding stoichiometries, affinities, and kinetics.
Precision risk-based screening might maximize benefit and minimize harm

Population-based mammographic screening is widely accepted as an intervention to reduce overall mortality from breast cancer, but at the cost of morbidity due to false positives and substantial overdiagnosis and overtreatment of ultra-low-risk disease, as well as personal and health-economic burdens. Recent data from a modelling study strengthen the rationale for personalized, risk-based screening approaches, now being tested in multiple clinical trials.
Working with Racially, Culturally, and Linguistically Diverse Students, Families, and Communities: Strategies for Preparing Preservice Teachers

One of the most important skills preservice teachers must develop is their ability to build on the knowledge that students bring into classrooms, particularly the knowledge that is shaped by their family, community, and cultural histories. Teacher educators prepare preservice teachers to enter the profession with up-to-date knowledge and skills for improving reading, writing, math, assessment, and other essential components to create excellent schools and responsive classrooms; yet, few prepare teachers to work with racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse students, families, and communities. While teacher educators may agree that parents are important participants in the educational process, they need to move beyond simply acknowledging the importance of parents to accepting the responsibility for preparing preservice teachers to understand the importance of engaging parents in their child’s education and possess the skills to do so. In this article, the authors present a variety of strategies that teacher educators can employ to assist preservice teachers in working with families and children from cultural, ethnic, linguistic, racial, and social-class backgrounds different than their own.
The metastasis suppressor NME1 inhibits melanoma cell motility via direct transcriptional induction of the integrin beta-3 gene.

Abstract Expression of the metastasis suppressor NME1 in melanoma is associated with reduced cellular motility, invasion, and metastasis, but mechanisms underlying these activities are not completely understood. Herein we report a novel mechanism through which NME1 drives formation of large, stable focal adhesions (FAs) in melanoma cells via induction of integrin β3 (ITGβ3), and in one cell line, concomitant suppression of integrin β1 (ITGβ1) transcripts. Forced expression of NME1 resulted in a strong activation of the promoter region (−301 to +13) of the ITGB3 gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed the transcriptional induction was associated with direct recruitment of NME1 and an increase in the epigenetic activation mark, acetylation of histone 3 on lysine 27 (H3K27Ac) to a 1 kb stretch of 5'-flanking sequence of the ITGB3 gene. Unexpectedly, NME1 did not affect the amount either ITGβ1 or ITGβ3 proteins were internalized and recycled, processes commonly associated with regulating expression of integrins at the cell surface. The ability of NME1 to suppress motile and invasive phenotypes of melanoma cells was dependent on its induction of ITGβ3. Expression of ITGβ3 mRNA was associated with increased disease-free survival time in melanoma patients of the TCGA collection, consistent with its potential role as an effector of the metastasis suppressor function of NME1. Together, these data indicate metastasis suppressor activity of NME1 in melanoma is mediated by induction of ITGB3 gene transcription, with NME1-driven enrichment of ITGβ3 protein at the cell membrane resulting in attenuated cell motility through the stabilization of large focal adhesions.
The Effect of a Sounding-Out Step for Cover-Copy-Compare on Spelling Word Acquisition

Cover-copy-compare (CCC) is a self-managed intervention that relies on modeling, opportunities to respond, and corrective feedback to improve spelling. Refinements to CCC have been investigated to maximize its effectiveness and efficiency. One such refinement is the addition of a sounding-out step (CCC+SO). Because research investigating CCC+SO has yielded inconsistent results, the current study sought to further examine CCC+SO while addressing some of the methodological limitations of previous studies. An alternating-treatments design was used to compare CCC and CCC+SO on the cumulative number of spelling words acquired with three 2nd and 3rd graders. Participants practiced spelling words using CCC and CCC+SO and demonstrated considerable growth in spelling performance from baseline to intervention; however, there was little difference in cumulative spelling words acquired across conditions. Implications for practitioners and researchers, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Emotion regulation and motives for illicit drug use in opioid-dependent patients.

Refining the mechanisms behind illicit drug use is an important factor for improving the quality of clinical care. Research in alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine use disorders have linked coping moti...
Low Complexity Sub-Band Digital Back Propagation

We propose sub-band digital back propagation (DBP). We confirmed performance improvement by 4 sub-band DBP with 10-WDM 64-Gbaud 64QAM transmission over 840 km. Total FFT/IFFT size becomes approximately one quarter of full-band DBP.
Lyricon Lyrics + Earcons Improves Identification of Auditory Cues

Auditory researchers have developed various non-speech cues in designing auditory user interfaces. A preliminary study of "lyricons" lyricsi¾?+i¾?earcons [1] has provided a novel approach to devising auditory cues in electronic products, by combining the concurrent two layers of musical speech and earcons short musical motives. An experiment on sound-function meaning mapping was conducted between earcons and lyricons. It demonstrated that lyricons significantly more enhanced the relevance between the sound and the meaning compared to earcons. Further analyses on error type and confusion matrix show that lyricons showed a higher identification rate and a shorter mapping time than earcons. Factors affecting auditory cue identification and application directions of lyricons are discussed.
Postoperative Development of Desmoid Tumor After Surgical Correction of Adult Spinal Deformity: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background Desmoid tumors are known to be rare and relatively slow growing with locally invasive histology and high recurrence rates. A rare subset of these tumors occurs adjacent to the spinal column after surgery. Since 1961, only 6 cases of postoperative paraspinal desmoid tumor have been reported. This report is the first to describe the occurrence of a paraspinal desmoid tumor after surgical correction of a spinal deformity. Case Description A 56-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis reported 2–3 years of progressively worsening mid and low back pain that was worse with standing and ambulation and almost completely relieved with lying flat. Standing anteroposterior scoliosis radiographs revealed a thoracolumbar spinal deformity, which was surgically corrected with a T4 pelvis spinal fixation and fusion. At her 2-year postoperative clinic visit the patient reported good improvement in her preoperative symptoms but felt a fullness in her right upper back and neck that was nontender. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large tumor in this region. The tumor was resected en bloc, and pathology noted a 14.5 cm × 8.7 cm × 4.2 cm mass with spindle cell proliferation and positive staining for β-catenin (mutated gene found in 85% of desmoid tumors). Conclusions This is the first report of a postoperative desmoid tumor after spinal deformity correction and the seventh reported case in the spine literature. All reported cases have been women aged 39–57 years. The patient will be followed closely with magnetic resonance imaging given the known high local recurrence rate of this tumor.
Comparison of accuracy of prediction of postoperative mortality and morbidity between a new, parsimonious risk calculator (SURPAS) and the ACS Surgical Risk Calculator.

Abstract Background The novel Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System (SURPAS) requires entry of five predictor variables (the other three variables of the eight-variable model are automatically obtained from the electronic health record or a table look-up), provides patient risk estimates compared to national averages, is integrated into the electronic health record, and provides a graphical handout of risks for patients. The accuracy of the SURPAS tool was compared to that of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS-SRC). Methods Predicted risk of postoperative mortality and morbidity was calculated using both SURPAS and ACS-SRC for 1,006 randomly selected 2007–2016 ACS National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) patients with known outcomes. C-indexes, Hosmer-Lemeshow graphs, and Brier scores were compared between SURPAS and ACS-SRC. Results ACS-SRC risk estimates for overall morbidity underestimated risk compared to observed postoperative overall morbidity, particularly for the highest risk patients. SURPAS accurately estimates morbidity risk compared to observed morbidity. Conclusions SURPAS risk predictions were more accurate than ACS-SRC's for overall morbidity, particularly for high risk patients. Summary The accuracy of the SURPAS tool was compared to that of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS-SRC). SURPAS risk predictions were more accurate than those of the ACS-SRC for overall morbidity, particularly for high risk patients.
Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to a new all-ceramic crown composed of lithium silicate infused with zirconia: An in vitro comparative study

Summary Aim This study sought to determine whether a clinically acceptable shear bond strength (SBS) of metal orthodontic brackets is achievable to CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Manufacturing) lithium silicate infused with zirconia and whether a chemical pre-treatment bonding protocol produced a higher shear bond strength. Materials and methods Twenty lithium silicate infused with zirconia (CELTRA® DUO) samples, twenty zirconia samples, and twenty lithium disilicate samples were fabricated to replicate the facial surface of a mandibular left first molar. The samples were split into two test groups, one of which received a chemical pre-treatment protocol (hydrofluoric acid etch). Shear bond strength testing was conducted and the mean, maximum, minimal, and standard deviation SBS values for each were calculated and recorded in MPa. An Adhesive Resin Index (ARI) score was also assigned to each sample to assess the mode of bond failure. Results SBS of the lithium silicate infused with zirconia groups were significantly less than the chemically pre-treated lithium disilicate group, however both materials, when chemical pre-treatment protocol was used, were not statistically different than the enamel control. Conclusions Orthodontic bonding to lithium silicate infused with zirconia yielded a weaker shear bond strength than bonding to traditional lithium disilicate, however, when the surface was pre-treated with hydrofluoric acid etch it provides a bond strength that is within an acceptable clinical range.
Follicular regulatory T cells control humoral and allergic immunity by restraining early B cell responses

Follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells have specialized roles in modulating follicular helper T (TFH) cell activation of B cells. However, the precise role of TFR cells in controlling antibody responses to foreign antigens and autoantigens in vivo is still unclear due to a lack of specific tools. A TFR cell-deleter mouse was developed that selectively deletes TFR cells, facilitating temporal studies. TFR cells were found to regulate early, but not late, germinal center (GC) responses to control antigen-specific antibody and B cell memory. Deletion of TFR cells also resulted in increased self-reactive immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgE. The increased IgE levels led us to interrogate the role of TFR cells in house dust mite models. TFR cells were found to control TFH13 cell-induced IgE. In vivo, loss of TFR cells increased house-dust-mite-specific IgE and lung inflammation. Thus, TFR cells control IgG and IgE responses to vaccines, allergens and autoantigens, and exert critical immunoregulatory functions before GC formation.
LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF PSEUDOGYMNOASCUS DESTRUCTANS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

White-nose syndrome is an emerging fungal disease that has devastated hibernating bat populations across eastern North America. The causal pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (PD), is a psychrophilic fungus with a known maximal growth temperature of 20 C. Although it is widely speculated that PD is primarily spread between hibernacula by the movement of bats, experimental evidence is lacking to demonstrate that PD can endure temperatures experienced by active bats for periods of time that would facilitate dispersal of viable fungus. We used an in vitro culture-based approach to study the survival of PD conidia on three artificial growth media and bat fur. The fungus was incubated at three temperatures it might realistically be exposed to on nonhibernating bats or in the environment outside of caves and mines (24 C, 30 C, and 37 C). When incubated on artificial media, we found that PD conidia were able to survive for a maximum of 150 d when exposed to temperatures of 24 C, 60 d at 30 C, and 15 d at 37 C. At all temperatures, maximal survival duration was recorded when conidia were incubated on brain-heart infusion agar with 10% volume of sheep (Ovis aries) blood. When incubated on bat fur, viable PD was recovered at 180 d, 60 d, and 5 d when exposed to temperatures of 24 C, 30 C, and 37 C, respectively. Our results suggest that viable PD conidia may be able to survive on or within the bodies of bats, which may facilitate long-distance dispersal. The long-term viability of the fungus on various fomites may differ, and therefore must be assessed for each potential substrate.
Comparison of wide-field scatter methods for surface weighted imaging: active illumination versus high spatial frequency imaging (Conference Presentation)

Surface weighted imaging in a wide-field manner is useful for many biomedical applications such as margin status determination in breast conserving surgery. One technique that has shown promise for this application is modulated imaging at high spatial frequency. A new technique to provide similar information in a more compact manner with the ability to customize based on desired depth penetration was developed. This technique involves quickly scanning a point source over the tissue surface and selective removing diffuse photons in image processing. These two techniques were compared using custom made depth phantoms of tissue equivalent material.
At-will chromatic dispersion by prescribing light trajectories with cascaded metasurfaces

Chromatic dispersion spatially separates white light into colours, producing rainbows and similar effects. Detrimental to imaging but essential to spectroscopy, chromatic dispersion is the result of material properties in refractive optics and is considered an inherent characteristic of diffractive devices such as gratings and flat lenses. Here, we present a fundamental relation connecting an optical system’s dispersion to the trajectories light takes through it and show that arbitrary control over dispersion may be achieved by prescribing specific trajectories, even in diffractive systems. Using cascaded metasurfaces (2D arrays of sub-micron scatterers) to direct light along predetermined trajectories, we present an achromatic twisted metalens and experimentally demonstrate beam deflectors with arbitrary dispersion. This new insight and design approach usher in a new class of optical systems with wide-ranging applications. A new technique that uses two-dimensional (2D) metasurfaces to control the dispersion of light in optical systems could pave the way for new devices for a wide range of optical applications. Chromatic dispersion occurs when the different wavelengths of a light beam arrive at their destination at different times. Although useful in applications like spectroscopy, chromatic dispersion must be compensated for in wideband imaging systems. Now, a team of researchers led by Amir Arbabi from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the United States has developed a new technique that uses 2D arrays of sub-micron scale metasurfaces that shape the optical wavefronts of light with subwavelength resolution. By directing the light along predetermined trajectories, the technique allows chromatic dispersion to be controlled and could be used in applications from photography and astronomy to microscopy.
Inferring thermal ion temperature and residual kinetic energy from nuclear measurements in inertial confinement fusion implosions

In inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments, the presence of residual anisotropic fluid motion within the stagnating hot spot leads to significant variations in ion-temperature measurements using neutron time-of-flight detectors along different lines of sight. The minimum ion-temperature measurement is typically used as representative of the thermal temperature. In the presence of isotropic flows, however, even the minimum Deuterium–Tritium (DT) neutron-inferred ion temperature can be well above the plasma thermal temperature. Using both Deuterium–Deuterium (DD) and DT neutron-inferred ion-temperature measurements, we show that it is possible to determine the contribution of isotropic flows and infer the DT burn-averaged thermal ion temperature. The contribution of large isotropic flows on driving the ratio of DD to DT neutron-inferred ion temperatures well below unity and approaching the lower bound of 0.8 is demonstrated in multimode simulations. The minimum DD neutron-inferred ion temperature is determined from the velocity variance analysis, accounting for the presence of isotropic flows. Being close to the DT burn-averaged thermal ion temperature, the inferred DD minimum ion temperatures demonstrate a strong correlation with the experimental yields in the OMEGA implosion database. An analytical expression is also derived to explain the effect of mode l = 1 ion-temperature measurement asymmetry on yield degradations caused by the anisotropic flows.
Genetic correlation, pleiotropy, and causal associations between substance use and psychiatric disorder

Background Substance use occurs at a high rate in persons with a psychiatric disorder. Genetically informative studies have the potential to elucidate the etiology of these phenomena. Recent developments in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow new avenues of investigation. Method Using results of GWAS meta-analyses, we performed a factor analysis of the genetic correlation structure, a genome-wide search of shared loci, and causally informative tests for six substance use phenotypes (four smoking, one alcohol, and one cannabis use) and five psychiatric disorders (ADHD, anorexia, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Results Two correlated externalizing and internalizing/psychosis factor were found, although model fit was beneath conventional standards. Of 458 loci reported in previous univariate GWAS of substance use and psychiatric disorders, about 50% (230 loci) were pleiotropic with additional 111 pleiotropic loci not reported from past GWAS. Of the 341 pleiotropic loci, 152 were associated with both substance use and psychiatric disorders, implicating neurodevelopment, cell morphogenesis, biological adhesion pathways, and enrichment in 13 different brain tissues. Seventy-five and 114 pleiotropic loci were specific to either psychiatric disorders or substance use phenotypes, implicating neuronal signaling pathway and clathrin-binding functions/structures, respectively. No consistent evidence for phenotypic causation was found across different Mendelian randomization methods. Conclusions Genetic etiology of substance use and psychiatric disorders is highly pleiotropic and involves shared neurodevelopmental path, neurotransmission, and intracellular trafficking. In aggregate, the patterns are not consistent with vertical pleiotropy, more likely reflecting horizontal pleiotropy or more complex forms of phenotypic causation.
Factors Contributing to Diurnal Variation in Athletic Performance and Methods to Reduce Within-Day Performance Variation: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Kusumoto, H, Ta, C, Brown, SM, and Mulcahey, MK. Factors contributing to diurnal variation in athletic performance and methods to reduce within-day performance variation: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S119-S135, 2021-For many individuals, athletic performance (e.g., cycle ergometer output) differs based on the time of day (TOD). This study identified factors contributing to diurnal variation in athletic performance and methods to reduce TOD performance variation. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Peer-reviewed publications reporting quantitative, significant diurnal variation (p ≤ 0.05) of athletic performance with explanations for the differences were included. Studies providing effective methods to reduce diurnal variation were also included. Literature reviews, studies involving nonhuman or nonadult subjects, studies that intentionally manipulated sleep duration or quality, and studies deemed to be of poor methodological quality using NIH Quality Assessment Tools were excluded. Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Body temperature differences (n = 13), electromyographic parameters (n = 10), serum biomarker fluctuations (n = 5), athlete chronotypes (n = 4), and differential oxygen kinetics (n = 3) were investigated as significant determinants of diurnal variation in sports performance. Successful techniques for reducing diurnal athletic performance variability included active or passive warm-up (n = 9), caffeine ingestion (n = 2), and training-testing TOD synchrony (n = 3). Body temperature was the most important contributor to diurnal variation in athletic performance. In addition, extended morning warm-up was the most effective way to reduce performance variation. Recognizing contributors to diurnal variation in athletic performance may facilitate the development of more effective training regimens that allow athletes to achieve consistent performances regardless of TOD.
The Impact of Police Attitudes Towards Offenders on Law-Enforcement Assisted Diversion Decisions:

Diversion is a prevalent alternative to traditional criminal justice processing, especially at the pre-trial stage. More recently, pre-arrest diversion has been implemented to avert the consequence...
Within-session dynamics of categorical and memory mechanisms in pigeons

The current experiments used categorical mid-session reversal (MSR) to examine how eight pigeons utilized categorical and item-specific mechanisms to learn and solve a novel variation of this task. Employing a fixed order of trial-unique pictorial items from two categories (flowers and cars) on each simultaneous discrimination trial, categorical and item-specific information was available during each session’s 80 trials. Choices to one category were rewarded for the first 40 trials, after which the correct category was reversed (e.g., car correct early → flower correct late). This procedure selectively impacts the time-modulated utility of categorical identification, but leaves exclusively item-specific information intact. Results revealed that categorical control emerged rapidly and before item-specific memorization, which came after extended experience. Both types of control occurred within a session, with control modulated by their time-based relative utility. The implications for the timing, ordering, and attention by animals to categorical and item-specific information is considered.
Noonan syndrome patient-specific induced cardiomyocyte model carrying SOS1 gene variant c.1654A > G.

Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is a dominant autosomal genetic disorder, associated with mutations in several genes that exhibit multisystem abnormal development including cardiac defects. NS associated with the Son of Sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) gene mutation attributes to the development of cardiomyopathy and congenital heart defects. Since the treatment option for NS is very limited, an in vitro disease model with SOS1 gene mutation would be beneficial for exploring therapeutic possibilities for NS. We reprogrammed cardiac fibroblasts obtained from a NS patient and normal control skin fibroblasts (C-SF) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We identified NS-iPSCs carry a heterozygous single nucleotide variation in the SOS1 gene at the c.1654A > G. Furthermore, the control and NS-iPSCs were differentiated into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMCs), and the electron microscopic analysis showed that the sarcomeres of the NS-iCMCs were highly disorganized. FACS analysis showed that 47.5% of the NS-iCMCs co-expressed GATA4 and cardiac troponin T proteins, and the mRNA expression levels of many cardiac related genes, studied by qRT-PCR array, were significantly reduced when compared to the control C-iCMCs. We report for the first time that NS-iPSCs carry a single nucleotide variation in the SOS1 gene at the c.1654A>G were showing significantly reduced cardiac genes and proteins expression as well as structurally and functionally compromised when compared to C-iCMCs. These iPSCs and iCMCs can be used as a modeling platform to unravel the pathologic mechanisms and also the development of novel drug for the cardiomyopathy in patients with NS.