cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stationary phase selection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis of trace biodiesel in petroleum-based fuel

Abstract The GC × GC solvation parameter model has been used to identify effective stationary phases for the separation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from petroleum hydrocarbons. This simple mathematical model was used to screen the 1225 different combinations of 50 stationary phases. The most promising pairs combined a poly(methyltrifluoropropylsiloxane) stationary phase with a poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) stationary phase. The theoretical results were experimentally tested by equipping a GC × GC instrument with a DB-210 primary stationary phase and an HP-50+ secondary stationary phase. This instrument was used to analyze trace levels of FAMEs in kerosene. The FAMEs were fully separated from the petroleum hydrocarbons on the secondary dimension of the 2-D chromatogram. The resulting GC × GC method was shown to be capable of accurately quantifying FAME levels as low as 2 ppm (w/w). These results demonstrate the utility of the solvation parameter model for identifying optimal stationary phases for high resolution GC × GC separations. Furthermore, this work presents an effective method for determining the level of biodiesel contamination in aviation fuel and other petroleum-based fuels.
Characterization of High-Level Nuclear Waste Glass Using Magnetic Measurements

Magnetic measurements constitute a promising method for the characterization of nuclear waste glasses in view of their simplicity and small sample weight requirements. Initial studies of simulated high-level waste glasses show that the Curie constant is generally a useful indicator of the Fe2+:Fe3+ ratio. Glasses produced by air-cooling in large vessels show systematic deviations between experimental and calculated values, which are indicative of the presence of small amounts of crystalline iron-containing phases. Most of the iron in these phases becomes dissolved in the glass upon re-heating and more rapid quenching. The studies further show that upon leaching the glass in water some of the iron in the surface regions of the glass is converted to a form which has high temperature-independent magnetic susceptibility.
226Ra-230Th disequilibrium in axial and off-axis mid-ocean ridge basalts

The authors describe [sup 226]Ra-[sup 230]Th disequilibrium in mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses from the Juan de Fuca, Gorda, and East Pacific ridges. These first mass spectrometric measurements of [sup 226]Ra in MORB glasses at sub-picogram abundance levels confirm the large excesses over [sup 230]Th determined by radon-emanation techniques and alpha spectrometry. All off-axis MORB glasses have [sup 226]Ra-[sup 230]Th and [sup 234]U-[sup 238]U in secular equilibrium. This suggests that magmatic processes, not secondary post-eruption alteration, generate [sup 238]U-series disequilibrium in these MORB. Least evolved, N-MORB from axial valleys have ([sup 226]Ra/[sup 230]Th) between 2.2-2.3. Differentiated and enriched E-type MORB have consistently low ([sup 226]Ra/[sup 230]Th) ratios compared with N-MORB from the same ridge sections. Ra-Th fractionation may be less pronounced, or magma residence-transit periods may be long for differentiated MORB. Also, E-MORB may be generated by different melt extraction volumes and rates. Estimated [sup 226]Ra-[sup 230]Th ages for N-MORB agree with location on and off ridge segments, and with Th-U model ages. These preliminary results show that [sup 226]Ra-[sup 230]Th disequilibrium could be used to quantify volcanic episodicity at ocean ridges. 39 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.
Russia in WTO: interests, policy autonomy, and deliberations

The author examines the role of Russia’s WTO accession in shaping institutional adaptation across several important dimensions, arguing that WTO accession has generated more scope for pro-trade as opposed to protectionist domestic interest groups, constrained the scope of trade policy, and made more and better information available to deliberations by business and the public related to trade. Adjustments to Russian legislation and trade policies through the lengthy accession process have, it is argued, helped elicit more transparent forms of business–government coordination. The article also explores the role of Russia’s WTO commitments in shaping the functioning of the Eurasian Customs Union formed in 2010. The crisis in Russia’s relations with the EU and the US, initially sparked by contending projects of regional economic integration, will be a major challenge for the WTO’s agenda-setting and conflict management functions, a test having implications for the broad question of relevance of the WTO in an ...
Use of coincidence techniques to improve the detection limits of electron spectroscopy in stem

A method of improving the detection limits of microanalysis using electron energy losses due to inner-shell excitation is proposed. This is based on coincidence detection of the energy-loss electrons with another signal which also results from inner-shell excitations, i.e., Auger electrons or characteristic X-rays. It is concluded that there will be a significant improvement in the detection of monolayers on a homogeneous monatomic substrate by using coincidence of energy-loss electrons with Auger electrons.
Titanium particles activate Toll-like Receptor 4 independently of lipid rafts in RAW264.7 murine macrophages

Adherent pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) act through toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to increase the biological activity of orthopedic wear particles in cell culture and animal models of implant loosening. This study tested whether this is dependent on TLR association with lipid rafts as reported for the response to soluble TLR ligands. For this purpose, RAW264.7 murine macrophages were activated by exposure to titanium particles with adherent PAMPs, soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble lipotecichoic acid (LTA), or heat-killed bacteria that had been extensively washed to remove soluble PAMPs. Lipid rafts were isolated by two independent methods and the location of TLR4 and TLR2 was analyzed by Western blotting. The cognate TLRs associated with lipid rafts when the macrophages were activated with soluble LPS and LTA but not after stimulation with either titanium particles with adherent PAMPs or heat-killed bacteria. The lipid raft disruptor, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α release in response to LPS but had no affect on TNF-α release in response to titanium particles with adherent PAMPs. We conclude, therefore, that titanium particles with adherent PAMPs and heat-killed bacteria activate TLR2 and TLR4 in macrophages without inducing either TLR to associate with lipid rafts. These results have important implications for the mechanisms of orthopedic implant loosening as well the mechanisms for TLR activation in other inflammatory situations.
Chiral Recognition Properties in Complexation of Two Asymmetric Hemicarcerands1

The synthesis, characterizations and binding properties of new chiral hemicarcerands (S)-1 and (SS)-2 are described. From diol 5 and enantiomerically pure (S)-(−)-3 in Me2NCOMe−Cs2CO3, (S)-1⊙CHCl3 ...
Uromyces scutellatus as a keystone species affecting Euphorbia spp. in Europe as shown by effects on density in the field

Abstract Nearest neighbor spatial analysis was used to assess the effect of systemic rust caused by Uromyces scutellatus on stand density of Euphorbia esula/virgata, a highly invasive deep-rooted perennial weed of rangelands and natural areas in North America. ANOVA applied to nearest neighbor measurements within four pairs of stands in close proximity, with and without rust, in Hungary and Austria indicated that the stand densities of plants of E. esula/virgata in three of four rusted stands were less than companion stands with little or no rust. Using the nearest neighbor distance data, E. esula/virgata densities within stands where rust was prevalent were 48–73% of those with little or no rust. The fourth stand with rust was denser than a symptomless companion stand in 2004, but nearly all plants had symptoms. The same diseased stand was dramatically reduced in density when surveyed the following year and all plants observed in 2005 displayed rust symptoms. These findings indicate the potential impact ...
Innovation spaces: Workspace planning and innovation in U.S. university research centers

Abstract This paper reports findings of a study designed to test whether differences in spatial layout of research offices and labs (workspace planning) affects face-to-face technical consultations, and ultimately innovation process outcomes in research settings critical to government supported innovation strategies—university research centers (URCs). The study involved a mixed-method (multivariate predictive and multiple case comparison) evaluation of six organizationally similar but spatially different URCs. Data analysis revealed relationships between workspace planning, consultations and innovation process outcomes. Multivariate analyses showed that configurational accessibility, visibility and walking distances significantly affect the frequencies and locations of unprogrammed face-to-face consultations. Cross-case comparisons revealed that URCs featuring overall high configurational accessibility, shorter walking distances and intact territories exhibit higher face-to-face consultation rates, consultation network connectivity, and subjective/objective innovation process outcomes. Implications for research policy, practice and research are discussed.
The face and mask of unionism

Richard Freeman and James Medoff have asserted that labor unions have two “faces,” a “good” face and a “bad” face. This contribution critically examines their arguments to expose serious flaws in their conceptual analysis.
Mycobacterium avium serotype 4 infection of swine: the attempted transmission by contact and the sequence of morphological changes in inoculated pigs.

Abstract After 30 pigs were inoculated orally in groups at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age with Mycobacterium avium serotype 4 and and killed when approximately 210 Ibs body weight, 24 pigs had gross lesions caused by M. avium and all had microscopic lesions. It was found that the group inoculated at 8 weeks of age had lesions that best reproduced those found in outbreaks of mycobacteriosis. Thirty-four contact pigs did not develop gross mycobacterial lesions and only 2 developed microscopic lesions. In a second experiment, 29 pigs were inoculated orally when 8 weeks of age and killed 6, 12, 18, 21 and 28 weeks later. Gross lesions caused by M. avium were present in 9 pigs and 17 pigs had microscopic lesions. Severe lesions were found in the pigs killed after 18 weeks. Gross lesions were enlargement or caseation of lymph nodes. Enlargement alone was not considered a reliable indicator of mycobacterial disease, as less than half the affected lymph nodes were histologically granulomatous. When a granulomatous lesion was present in enlarged lymph nodes, it was most likely to be an accumulation of epithelioid macrophages with areas of necrosis and caseation. The most common histological lesion found in grossly caseated lymph nodes was discrete granulomas with severe caseation and a thick fibrous capsule. Granulomas that consisted of epithelioid cells, or epithelioid cells and caseation were most numerous after 12 weeks or less. Multinucleate giant cells dominated the picture when the interval between inoculation and slaughter was 6 or 10·5 weeks. Encapsulated granulomas were the main type in animals inoculated 18 weeks or longer before slaughter. Caseation of epithelioid granulomas and the formation of multinucleate giant cells seemed to progress faster in the older inoculated animals. Microscopic granulomas were present in the tonsils and intestines of 8 pigs and 16 pigs, respectively, and most of these pigs were inoculated at 16 and 20 weeks of age and killed 10·5 and 6 weeks later. Lesions of the tonsil and intestine did not become encapsulated, and probably resolved. The conditions of our experiment should have allowed contact animals to be exposed to organisms shed from the tonsil and intestine of inoculated pigs, yet only a few microscopic lesions developed.
Histologic, ultrastructural, and enzymatic measurements of infarct size following coronary artery stenosis and occlusion.

Abstract Coronary artery narrowing (CAN), which reduced resting coronary blood flow (BF) by 50%, was induced in 10 conscious dogs and was maintained for 4 hours. Five additional dogs (group 1) with complete coronary artery occlusion were compared to the dogs with CAN. serum isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and latate dehydrogenase (LD) were monitored hourly in all groups. After 36 hours, samples were obtained for regional myocardial BF, quantitative histology, and quantitative ultrastructural (EM) morphology. Six dogs with CAN had small infarcts (MI) of less than 1 gm and persistent myocardial cell injury (group 2). The other four dogs with CAN had only persistent myocardial cell injury by ultrastructural criteria (group 3). Peak serum CK activities in groups 2 and 3 were similar, as were MI sizes calculated from serum CK and myocardial depletion. MB CK was of diagnostic value in group 1 but not in groups 2 and 3. The ratio of LD 1 LD 2 had diagnostic value in all three groups. MI size by enzyme estimates was consistently higher than planimetered MI size at autopsy in both groups 1 and 2. All three groups had significant amounts of ultrastructural damage outside of histologically demonstrated MI. These findings suggest that (1) gross and histologic MI size determination of 36 hours after ischemia underestimate extent of damage, and (2) ultrastructural cell changes cause significant release of CK and LD in coronary disease (CAD).
The Relative Feeding Value of Alfalfa Hay and Alfalfa Light Timothy Mixed Hay at Approximately The U. S. No. 1 Grade Level

Summary Three lots of hay with an average grade of U. S. No. 1 Alfalfa Hay and three lots with an actual average grade of U. S. No. 2 Alfalfa Light Timothy Mixed Hay (9.6-12.4% timothy) but close to a No. 1 grade were purchased. When the six lots of hay were fed as the sole ration to six groups of dairy heifers for 150 days all groups of animals made satisfactory gains. Differences in the body weight gains of heifers on the two different types of hay were not statistically significant. Results demonstrated that in the quality of alfalfa used, the inclusion of up to 12.4% timothy hay does not reduce feeding value significantly. The advisability of the present 5% limit on timothy allowed in the class Alfalfa Hay (official U. S. standards) is questioned.
Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators of Mammary Development and Breast Cancer

Over the past decade, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become a new paradigm of gene regulation. ncRNAs are classified into two major groups based on their size: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small non-coding RNAs (including microRNAs, piRNAs, snoRNAs, and endogenous siRNAs). Here we review the recently emerging role of ncRNAs in mammary development, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, with the focus being on microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. These findings shed new light on normal development and malignant progression, and suggest the potential for using ncRNAs as new biomarkers of breast cancer and targets for treatment.
Obesity as a risk factor for drug-induced organ injury. VI: Increased hepatic P450 concentration and microsomal ethanol oxidizing activity in the obese overfed rat

The obese overfed rat effectively models many of the pharmacological changes in human obesity. Recent data show that the obese rat is unusually susceptible to liver damage by several metabolically activated drugs that may be more toxic in obese humans. Results of the present study suggest a specific molecular locus for this interaction. In obese rats, P450 content of liver and the microsomal concentration of P450 were elevated 88% and 31%, respectively, over nonobese controls. Increases in microsomal ethanol oxidation were of identical magnitude. The ethanol-inducible form of P450 that is responsible for microsomal ethanol oxidation, P450IIE1, bioactivates several drugs that are shown to cause increased injury in obese rats. Collectively, these findings indicate that specific forms of P450 may become up-regulated in obesity, increasing the risk of a biochemically defined spectrum of drug-induced organ injuries.
Ureaplasma urealyticum: Subcultures invalid for antibiotic susceptibility tests

Abstract We tested the antibiotic susceptibilities of 100 Ureaplasma urealyticum strains from 99 patients using a broth-disk method and two types of inocula: urine sediments and overnight broth subcultures of the sediments. Of the 100 ureaplasma-positive urine sediments tested, nine (9%) of the ureaplasmas were found resistant to all four tetracyclines. When overnight broth cultures were used as the inoculum, 54 (54%) were found to be resistant to all four tetracyclines, an increase in resistance of 45 (45%). Thirty-seven susceptible strains remained susceptible upon subculture. The nine resistant strains remained resistant. Loss of susceptibility was not related to the pH or titer of ureaplasmas in the urine sediment inoculum but was related to the pH and titers when subcultures were used as the inoculum. Results of cultures following treatment, available for 53 patients, showed that treatment successes and treatment failures were significantly related to antibiotic susceptibility tests done with urine sediments but not to those done with broth subcultures as the inocula. Because reliable susceptibility testing is essential for appropriate therapy for U. urealyticum infections, all factors influencing this test need to be recognized and defined.
Three-dimensional imaging and display of the temporomandibular joint.

Abstract Despite recent advances in diagnostic radiology, current techniques for radiographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint continue to present the clinician with difficult problems in interpretation and diagnosis. The use of three-dimensional images reconstructed from computed tomographic (CT) data improves the diagnostic value of conventional CT at no additional risk to the patient and may provide new insights into this complex anatomic structure. A sequence of 1.5 mm CT sections is made with a slice-to-slice spacing of 1.0 mm. These are used to construct a new sequence of slices by mathematical interpolation in which the new slice spacing equals the size of the pixels. Structures to be imaged separately are then masked in the interpolated sections prior to “windowing” for the appropriate tissue density. A special algorithm detects the boundary surface of the selected structure. The surface pixels are assigned gray levels on the basis of their distance and attitude from the observer. When displayed, this produces a simulated three-dimensional image. The image can be rotated and sectioned. Rotations permit otherwise hidden surfaces to be examined. Images of a human temporomandibular joint in vitro are presented to demonstrate (1) the bony components of the joint and their relationships within the joint; (2) the bony components separated to display hidden surfaces; and (3) the joint meniscus in situ and as a separate component.
Psychometric Data for Teacher Judgments Regarding the Learning Behaviors of Primary Grade Children.

The psychometric properties of the Classroom Performance Profile (CPP), a teacher rating scale, were investigated using primary grade children from economically at-risk families. Students were rated as they progressed from kindergarten through third grade. The CPP demonstrated high internal consistency yielding Cronbach alpha coefficients for the total score of at least .96. CPP ratings were correlated with scores from the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery–Revised: Tests of Achievement and the Social Skills Rating System–Teacher Form, Elementary Level. Results suggest that the CPP ratings were positively correlated with measures of academic achievement, academic competence, and social skills, and negatively correlated with problem behaviors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross-relaxation imaging of human patellar cartilage in vivo at 3.0T.

summary Objective: To compare quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) parameters of patellar cartilage measured using cross-relaxation imaging (CRI) in asymptomatic volunteers and patients with osteoarthritis. Design: The study was performed with Institutional Review Board approval and with all subjects signing informed consent. CRI of the knee joint was performed at 3.0T on 20 asymptomatic volunteers and 11 patients with osteoarthritis. The fraction of macromolecular bound protons (f), the exchange rate constant between macromolecular bound protons and free water protons (k), and the T2 relaxation time of macromolecular bound protons (T B ) of patellar cartilage were measured. ManneWhitneyeWilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare qMT parameters between asymptomatic volunteers and patients with osteoarthritis. Results: Average f, k, and T B of patellar cartilage was 12.46%, 7.22 s � 1 , and 6.49 ms respectively for asymptomatic volunteers and 12.80%, 6.13 s � 1 , and 6.80 ms respectively for patients with osteoarthritis. There were statistically significant differences between groups of subjects for k (P < 0.01) and T B (P < 0.0001) but not f (P ¼ 0.38) of patellar cartilage. Conclusion: Patients with osteoarthritis had significantly lower k and significantly higher T B of patellar cartilage than asymptomatic volunteers which suggests that qMT parameters can detect changes in the macromolecular matrix of degenerative cartilage.
Mixed cation zeolites: LixAgy‐X as a superior adsorbent for air separation

Li-X zeolite (Si/Al = 1.0) is currently the best sorbent for use in the separation of air by adsorption processes. Silver is also known to strongly affect the adsorptive properties of zeolites and thermal vacuum dehydration of silver zeolites leads to the formation of silver clusters within the zeolite. In this work we synthesized type X zeolites containing varying mixtures of Li and Ag. Adding very small amounts of Ag at the proper dehydration conditions formed silver clusters and enhanced adsorptive characteristics and energetic heterogeneity, as compared to those of the near fully exchanged Li+-zeolites. The performance for air separation by the best of these sorbents, containing, on average, only one Ag per unit cell, was compared to that of the near fully Li+-exchanged zeolite using a standard PSA cycle by numerical simulation. The results show that the new sorbent provides a significantly higher (> 10%) product throughput at the same product purity and recovery when compared to that of the near fully Li+-exchanged zeolite.
Computer science as the focus of a secondary school magnet program

The “Magnet Program” is a concept that has received a great deal of attention, especially in urban school districts. A magnet program is one which is made available to students who live outside of the area which is usually served by the school in which the program is housed. A key requirement of any magnet program is that participation be voluntary. Students attend magnet programs to take advantage of what those programs offer. In many cases, students in magnet programs spend up to an hour traveling to school each day.
Uniform semiclassical quantization of regular and chaotic classical dynamics on the Hénon–Heiles surface

Qualitative arguments (made substantially more quantitative in the accompanying article by Shirts and Reinhardt) are put forward which indicate that the apparently chaotic dynamics on the Henon–Heiles surface display sufficient regularity on a short to intermediate (but not long) time scale to allow use of standard EBK quantization techniques, taking advantage of the remnants of manifold structure that these remarks imply. A complete uniform semiclassical quantization is carried out using the time independent technique of the Birkhoff–Gustavson normal form, recently introduced in the context of semiclassical quantization by Swimm and Delos.
Multiscale structure of magnetic fields in the heliosheath

[1] Voyager 1 (V1) crossed the termination shock, leaving the solar wind and entering the heliosheath. This paper analyzes the magnetic field observed in the heliosheath from day of year 1 to 308, 2005. The average of the magnetic field strength B is 0.104 nT, but it is highly variable, and its profile appears filamentary. Some sectors and sector boundaries were observed. The daily and hourly averages of B in the inner heliosheath have Gaussian distributions. The widths of the daily and hourly distributions of B are the same within the uncertainties, consistent with a scale invariance of the distribution of B. The distributions of daily and hourly averages of the azimuthal and elevation angles in the heliosheath resemble those in the solar wind. The magnetic field strength in the inner heliosheath has a multifractal structure on scales from ∼2 to 16 days. The multifractal structure can be described by a binomial multiplicative cascade model. The multifractal spectrum of the magnetic field fluctuations in the heliosheath is narrower than that in the distant solar wind. The intermittency exponent decreases by a factor of 3.4 from 0.072 in the distant solar wind to 0.021 in the heliosheath. We also analyzed the multiscale structure of B(t) using wavelets. On an intermediate scale, the magnetic field of the heliosheath contains a quasiperiodic variation suggesting that the effect of solar rotation was observed in the heliosheath beyond 95 AU.
Turning the desktop inside-out: Evaluating information access and management through a single interface

Computer users today rely on a wide variety of software tools to manage an ever-increasing amount of information and resources. We developed the Global Information Gatherer (GIG) system to help students in higher education manage, understand, and keep their academic work. GIG provides a comprehensive, integrative interface through which students can access commonly used programs and simultaneously record notes and organize files. This article presents an overview of the GIG program before describing a large-scale, longitudinal, and unrestricted evaluation of its use. We investigate how such a program is received by nontechnical users, which features prove most helpful to students as they work to complete their everyday tasks, how it compares to other software solutions, and whether it helps with information assimilation and management tasks. Results of our study indicate that participants have a strong preference for software that minimizes program window manipulation, facilitates information consolidation and organization, provides citation support and integrated web browsing, and incorporates a progressive user interface design. When comparing GIG to their normal way of accomplishing tasks, students gave particularly high marks for its ability to save materials from the web, gather sources for academic research, manage windows, and copy/paste from the web. On the third and final survey of our evaluation, we learned that a majority (>70%) of remaining participants believed that GIG was helpful for managing and making sense of the large volume of information to which they are exposed everyday, and over half (55%) said they would continue using the software if it was freely available. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low Temperature Synthesis of Lamellar Transition Metal Oxides Containing Surfactant Ions

Recently there has been much interest in reacting vanadium oxides hydrothermally with cationic surfactants to form novel layered compounds. A series of new transition metal oxides, however, has also been formed at or near room temperature in open containers. Synthesis, characterization, and proposed mechanisms of formation are the focus of this work. Low temperature reactions of vanadium pentoxide and ammonium (DTA) transition metal oxides with long chain amine surfactants, such as dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide yielded interesting new products many of which are layered phases. DTA{sub 4}H{sub 2}V{sub 10}O{sub 28}{center_dot}8H{sub 2}O, a layered highly crystalline phase, is the first such phase for which a single crystal X-ray structure has been determined. The unit cell for this material was found to be triclinic with space group P {bar 1} and dimensions a = 9.895(1){angstrom}, b = 11.596(1){angstrom}, c = 21.924(1){angstrom}, {alpha} = 95.153(2){degree}, {beta} = 93.778(1){degree}, and {gamma} = 101.360(1){degree}. Additionally, the authors synthesized a dichromate phase and a manganese chloride layered phase, with interlayer spacings of 26.8{angstrom}, and 28.7{angstrom} respectively. The structure, composition, and synthesis of the vanadium compound are described, as well as the synthesis and preliminary characterization of the new chromium and manganese materials.
The uptake and distribution of radioselenium in the larvae of Fasciola hepatica and its snail host Lymnaea columella

Abstract Radiolabeled metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica were obtained in vivo by incubating infected Lymnaea columella snails with 20 μCi radioselenomethione ( 75 SeM) per snail in 5 ml of water for 5 h, or in vitro by incubating a batch of unlabeled F. hepatica metacercariae with 75 SeM for 24 h. Radioassay showed that only 5% of the 75 SeM was incorporated into maritas (juvenile flukes) from the in vivo labeled metacercariae. The inner cyst wall of in vivo labeled metacercariae contained 46% of the total activity, of which 21% was dissolved in the excysting medium. The outer, tan-colored cyst wall contained 49% of the radioactivity. Through diffusion/attachment, maritas from in vitro labeled metacercariae could occasionally be labeled with 0.4% of the total radioactivity. However, the activity was lost after inoculation into the body of mice. The outer and inner cyst walls of in vitro labeled metacercariae contained 92% and 7.6%, respectively, of the total activity. Microautoradiography demonstrated that 75 SeM was evenly distributed in the body of marita and the cyst wall of inner and outer layers from an in vivo labeled metacercaria. A 9 × 4 μm rectangularly-shaped aggregate of Ag° grains was present on the outer periphery of the inner cyst wall. Microautoradiography of in vitro labeled metacercariae demonstrated a significant concentration of Ag° grains on the cyst walls. The ventral plug contained fewer Ag° grains per unit area compared to the other portion of the inner cyst wall. Uptake and distribution of 75 SeM in the snail host were also studied. It appeared that rediae and cercariae tended to concentrate the label in the foot, the mantle and the digestive gland. Little or no radioactivity was present in the areas where F. hepatica larvae were not found.
How to Read an Interpretation: Interpretive Strategies and the Maintenance of Authority

It is not unusual for scholars to find that different religious communities interpret the same religious text in radically different and sometimes contradictory ways. What are we, as scholars, to make of all these variant interpretations? We could, of course, limit the goal of our scholarship and teaching to merely recording or cataloguing the variant interpretations. However, I suggest that our work as scholars and instructors is not complete if we stop there – we need to go beyond this to show that interpretations are strategic and to enquire what social agendas specific interpretive strategies may advance. In addition, I show that certain modes of interpretation are questionable either insofar as they are misleading in some way, or insofar as they reinforce the unquestioned authority of the text under consideration. If we sensitize ourselves and our students to the possible social effects of different strategies of interpretation, we will be able more easily to make visible those negotiations of social power that typically operate invisibly.
Correction to "Enumeration of seven-argument threshold functions'' [and AFCRL Rept, 64-925]

It has been pointed out Prof. S. Muroga that the entry in Table V of the above-named paper (ibid., vol. EC-14, pp. 315-325, June 1965) for the number of nondegenerate threshold functions of 7a rguments is incorrect. The original author notes that he neglected to include the self-dual functions making the correct entry: 8 274 797 440. Also, Prof. J. Sklansky has pointed out a mistake in the AFCRL report, "Threshold Functions Through n = 7" (see AF Cambridge Research Labs., Bedford, Mass., AFCRL Rept, 64-925, under Contract AF19(604)-8423 with RCA Labs., October 1964.) On page 1, the formula for Chow parameters is corrected. It should also be noted that the column "E" in the latter report does not represent the number of extremals as claimed; more inequalities can in some cases be eliminated by further monotonicity checks.
A technology opportunities analysis model: applied to dye-sensitised solar cells for China

Technology opportunities analysis (TOA) can support policy-makers or managers in making strategic technical decisions so as to enhance their technological innovation capability and international competitiveness. This paper presents a multi-level framework to support and systematically identify technological opportunities. Patent data as a key component of technology innovation are used to enable TOA within the framework in the present research. At the research and development (R&D) level, we anticipate the directions of technology development based on technology morphology. Countries’ development emphases can also be investigated in order to help identify their R&D strengths and weaknesses and to seek promising development pathways. At the level of competition, we devise the assignee-technology analysis to obtain insight into competitive participants’ technical emphases and intents. It is also used to explore possible collaboration opportunities among them. At the market level, we apply patent family anal...
Organization of the glycosphingolipid asialo-GM1 in phosphatidylcholine bilayers

Abstract An affinity purified monovalent ferritin conjugate of Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 60) is used with freeze-etch electron microscopy to study the ultrastructural localization of the glycosphingolipid asialo-G M1 in multilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes containing up to 20 mol% asialo-G M1 and quenched below the main transition temperature show a striking linear localization of ferritin-RCA 60 between phospholipid ridges. The glycosphingolipid localization is similar to that postulated for up to 20 mol% cholesterol in pure phosphatidylcholine bilayers by Copeland, B.R. and McConnell, H.M. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 599, 95–109 (1980)). Above the main phase transition temperature, asialo-G M1 appears to be organized into clusters, especially in palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) liposomes. This clustered distribution of glycosphingolipids seen above the phase transition temperature suggests that this type of lipid may exhibit compositional domain structure in biological membranes.
Survey of Clinical Data Mining Applications on Big Data in Health Informatics

Every piece of information learned in human health has the potential to improve the length and quality of life for patients. However, the search for more knowledge in the domain of Health Informatics has led to vast quantities of data, far more than can be easily processed by researchers. Fortunately, Justas this problem of Big Data has begun to challenge advances in Health Informatics, so too can the data mining and machine learning techniques used for the general study of Big Data be brought to bear on the these problems. This paper will discuss recent studies done on Big Data Analytics in the field of Health Informatics which sought to answer various clinical questions, using data acquired from the molecular, tissue, and patient levels of Health Informatics. We also consider what work remains to be done in this area.
Relationship of abscisic acid to somatic embryogenesis in Dactylis glomerata

Abstract The influence of abscisic acid (ABA) on somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was studied in one embryogenic (Embryogen-P) and one nonembryogenic (I-39) genotype. Leaf segments from the basal portions of the two innermost leaves were cultured for various lengths of time on SH medium containing 0.01–20.0 μM ABA. Somatic embryogenesis was increased in Embryogen-P by a 3-day exposure to 0.01–10.0 μM ABA; 20 μM was inhibitory. I-39 did not respond to any ABA treatment. Quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that exogenous ABA levels in leaf tissues were nearly the same in the two genotypes at the initiation of culture but decreased much more rapidly during the first 7 days in the nonembryogenic than in the embryogenic genotype. They were the same after 14 days of culture. These results suggest that somatic embryogenesis in the embryogenic genotype may be increased by manipulation of concentration and duration of ABA application. Attempts to induce somatic embryogenesis in the nonembryogenic genotype with ABA treatments were not successful.
Normal forms, averaging and resonance control of flexible structures

We address a novel averaging method for analysis and control of high dimensional, stiff nonlinear differential equations governing the dynamics of a variety of flexible structures. The method yields significant reduction of the initial equations by the averaging of high oscillatory elastic distortions over slow rigid-body motions which can be given in either analytical or numerical form. The averaging allows the stiff property to be overcome. In the averaging equations only exceptional resonance nonlinear terms persist which actually control the plant's stability. A stabilization problem is pressed for an averaging nonlinear plant and the error involved in such an approximation is estimated
Reproductive hormone secretions in pony mares subsequent to ovulation control during late winter

Beginning in December, pony mares were placed under a schedule of increasing light. Starting in February, onset of estrus was checked by daily teasing with a stallion. Mares were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (6 mares per group) administered in March. Treatments were: Group I — 75 mg progesterone injected intramuscularly every day for 10 days in combination with a 1.25 mg injection of PGF2α on day 7 of progesterone treatment and a 2,000 IU injection of HCG on day 2 of estrus; Group II — a norgestomet ear implant inserted for 10 days in combination with 1.25 mg PGF2α given 7 days after insertion and 2,000 IU HCG administered on day 2 of estrus; and Group III — same as II except that 2 mg of GnRH rather than HCG were administered on day 2 of estrus. Blood plasma for radioimmunoassay of progesterone, LH and estradiol was collected from the first day of treatment until 14 days after the end of estrus. Also in March, 6 mares were bled daily from the first day of estrus until subsequent estrus or day 21 (control estrus). Although estrus was detected in all mares, 14 of 18 mares ovulated subsequent to treatments and four of the six control estrus mares ovulated. Only among HCG treated mares was the ovulation rate higher (P < .05) than it was in the control estrus group. The interval from last progesterone injection or norgestomet implant removal to estrus did not differ between treatment groups. Concentrations of estradiol and LH were increased for several days around the time of ovulation and tended to be positively correlated with each other. In the mares that did not ovulate, concentrations of LH and estradiol appeared to be lower than in mares that ovulated. In summary, progestins in combination with PGF2α and increasing light will synchronize estrus in mares during late winter and HCG will hasten ovulation in some mares.
Synchronization and complex dynamics in pulse-coupled circuit models of neurons

Synchronization of neurons may have some biological significance, but there are questions about how neurons can sometimes be synchronized and sometimes not. In this work, electronic circuit models of the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations are used to stimulate four pulse-coupled neurons. For some coupling configurations, the circuits are only partly synchronized even though all circuits share a common drive. It is shown that this partial synchronization is a byproduct of high-dimensional (but not necessarily chaotic) dynamics.
Development of a model for estimating the size and dynamics of the pet dog population

AbstractA conceptual model was developed to describe the dynamics of the pet dog population. The model synthesizes existing data collected for a variety of purposes to estimate the size of the various components of the pet dog population in Washington and Iowa during 1991. The total population mortality rate was estimated as 12.4% per year. Animal shelters in Washington and Iowa handled 7.6% and euthanized 4.0% of the dog population in those two states. When these estimates were extrapolated to the entire U.S. dog population, the model predicted that the total annual turnover in owned dogs was 14.7%, or 7.71 million dogs, that 4 million dogs were handled by animal shelters, and that 2.1 million were euthanized. It was also estimated that 79% of all female dogs were spayed, that household breeding could be attributed to less than one-fifth (18.7%) of the female dogs in the reproductive pool, and that the number of owners contributing to total dog population turnover through failure to retain their dog (103...
A retrospective cohort mortality study of blending and packaging workers of Mobil Corporation.

This retrospective cohort mortality study examined 2,467 workers in lubrication products blending and packaging (B&P) operations at two refineries of Mobil Corporation between January 1, 1945 and December 31, 1978. Ninety-seven percent were male. Compared with U.S. males, there were significantly fewer deaths observed among males due to all causes, external causes, and diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Deaths observed from all cancer were fewer than expected, although not statistically significant. No statistically significant excess cause-specific mortality occurred at B&P facilities combined or separately. Nonsignificant increases in mortality were observed for cancers of the stomach, large intestine, prostate, the category of "other lymphatic tissue" cancer, and leukemia and aleukemia. Analyses demonstrated a statistically significant pattern of increasing SMR with employment duration for "other lymphatic tissue" cancer. Within the highest cumulative duration of employment category, the excess was confined to workers after 30 or more years since first employment. Although the interpretation of cancer mortality patterns is limited due to small numbers of deaths, the absence of associations with specific B&P departments is evidence against a causal interpretation.
Continuous Intrathecal Baclofen Infusion for Symptomatic Generalized Dystonia

Five patients with generalized dystonia who were refractory to oral medications were treated by continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion. Dystonia was related to cerebral palsy in three patients and to Hallervorden-Spatz disease in two. Responsiveness to intrathecally administered baclofen was evaluated after bolus injections in one patient and during continuous infusions via an external micropump in four. Patients who responded to trial injections were subsequently implanted with a programmable pump for continuous infusion of baclofen. Dystonia in the three patients were cerebral palsy was substantially improved by continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in doses of 500 to 800 micrograms/d. Benefit has persisted for > 19 months of continuous infusion. Dystonia in the two patients with Hallervorden-Spatz disease was not improved, although the screening trial was limited by side effects in one patient and by meningitis in the other. We conclude that continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion is beneficial therapy for some patients with generalized dystonia and that additional investigations are indicated.
Cost Knowledge and Cost‐Based Judgment Performance

This paper reports evidence on how managers' cost knowledge affects their cost‐based judgment performance when a volume‐based cost accounting system is used and products have diverse resource consumption. The evidence indicates that managers who have activity‐based costing (ABC) knowledge content and/or an activity knowledge structure debias the cost information to have relatively good judgment performance. In contrast, managers with only cost‐accounting knowledge content have relatively poor judgment performance. The judgment performance model (Libby and Luft 1993) provides the theoretical framework for this paper. Implications of this paper for future research are discussed.
Periodicity of infectivity of plasmodial gametocytes: the "Hawking phenomenon".

Five controlled experiments were performed to test the validity of the theory of nocturnal infectivity of gametocytes of Plasmodium. Two gave equivocal results probably because synchronicity of parasitaemia was low; the remaining three, in which a langur strain of P. cynomolgi was used, largely confirmed Hawking's work and in particular demonstrated the much greater production of oocysts after midnight as compared with midday feedings.
Business and bandwidth: A tutorial on how business and use models affect industrial control design

Students investigating control problems often learn a lot of wondrous algorithms that impart near mythical properties to the systems that they are applied to. At least this is how it works in theory and simulation. In practice, however, a thorough understanding of the system, the use model, and the market is often far more important than the differences between any two optimization algorithms. Knowing when and where a particular algorithm is useful is typically at the heart of real control problems. The session, through a series of four talks by presenters with deep industrial experience, will describe a set of industrial control problems. These problems will provide context for control designs. The participant will come to understand industrial control not as a problem of “how to best optimize algorithm X” but of which of many algorithms can help in a practical way.
Dependence of the Constant of the Mark‐Houwink Equation under Theta Conditions on the Bulk of Substituents for Hydrocarbon Polymers

The logarithm of the constant K θ in the Mark‐Houwink equation under theta conditions was found to be proportional to the molar volume of the substituent groups in the case of vinyl‐ and vinylidene‐type hydrocarbon polymers. This simple empirical relation can be used to estimate K θ for such polymers.
Photoionization calculation for 3d and 3p subshells of mercury in the decoupled relativistic random-phase approximation

Abstract Photoionization cross section, branching ratio, and photoelectron angular distribution for 3d and 3p subshells of mercury are calculated in the channel decoupled relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA). It is found that the results for such deep subshells are close to the results of more elaborate calculations in the (coupled) RRPA.
Density functional study of symmetric proton transfers

Proton transfers are important in many organic and biological systems. As a first step towards examining such reactions in condensed phases we evaluate here the ability of density functional theory (DFT) to model symmetric proton transfers. The DFT results are calculated using the local density approximation, as well as with the incorporation of nonlocal (NL) corrections to the exchange and correlation. Through a comparison of the results we find that NL corrections are necessary to obtain accurate representations for reactions involving proton transfer. Hartree–Fock (HF) and post‐HF calculations are also reported for the same systems using identical basis sets in order to evaluate the correlation between HF results and those of DFT.