cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
External rewarming and age in mildly hypothermic patients after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of two external rewarming methods on body core temperature and the rate of rewarming between two age groups (less than 65 years, 65 years or more) of adult, mildly hypothermic patients who have undergone cardiac surgery, during the immediate postoperative period. DESIGN Stratified, randomized clinical trial. SETTING Five-bed cardiac surgical intensive care unit in a large teaching-research institution. SUBJECTS Thirty-two white patients who had undergone cardiac surgery and who had mildly hypothermic body core temperatures (33 degrees to 35 degrees C) immediately after the surgery. OUTCOME MEASURES Body core temperature was measured with a pulmonary artery catheter thermistor at the time of external rewarming method application and at 60, 90, and 150 minutes afterward. Rate of rewarming was measured as body core temperature change in degrees Celsius per hour (at 36.6 degrees C, minus body core temperature when external rewarming method was applied, divided by total rewarming time). Temperatures were recorded six times at intervals of 15 minutes; then every 30 minutes until a value of 36.6 degrees C was obtained, at which time the blanket was removed; then hourly for 8 hours. INTERVENTION Either a fluid-filled circulating blanket (active-conductive external rewarming) or a reflective blanket (passive-reflective external rewarming) was applied immediately after core temperature was measured on admission to the cardiac surgical intensive care unit after surgery. RESULTS External rewarming methods affected body core temperature differently at different times, and there were significant differences in body core temperature across the time periods (p < 0.05). Both active and passive external rewarming methods showed a sigmoidal rewarming pattern without a downward temperature drift. The fluid-filled circulating blanket produced a quicker and steeper body core temperature change in the early rewarming phase; the reflective blanket resulted in a more gradual temperature rise. Age did not significantly affect body core temperature, nor did age or external rewarming method significantly influence the rate of rewarming, although total rewarming time was longer for those of more advanced age. Seven subjects with passive rewarming method experienced body core temperature overshoot during the 8-hour period after blanket removal. CONCLUSIONS In this study, conduction and reflection of radiant heat were equally effective in producing an acceptable rate of rewarming but contributed to different internal patterns in core rewarming. The average total rewarming time with the active external rewarming method was 1 hour shorter than with the passive external rewarming method.
"Flea-flicker" Multipass Pipelining: An Alternative to the High-Power Out-of-Order Offense

As microprocessor designs become increasingly power-and complexity-conscious, future microarchitectures must decrease their reliance on expensive dynamic scheduling structures. While compilers have generally proven adept at planning useful static instruction-level parallelism, relying solely on the compiler's instruction execution arrangement performs poorly when cache misses occur, because variable latency is not well tolerated. This paper proposes a new micro architectural model, multipass pipelining, that exploits meticulous compile-time scheduling on simple in-order hardware while achieving excellent cache miss tolerance through persistent advance preexecution beyond otherwise stalled instructions. The pipeline systematically makes multiple passes through instructions that follow a stalled instruction. Each pass increases the speed and energy efficiency of the subsequent ones by preserving computed results. The concept of multiple passes and successive improvement of efficiency across passes in a single pipeline distinguishes multipass pipelining from other runahead schemes. Simulation results show that the multipass technique achieves 77% of the cycle reduction of aggressive out-of-order execution relative to in-order execution. In addition, micro architectural-level power simulation indicates that benefits of multipass are achieved at a fraction of the power overhead of full dynamic scheduling.
The Outer Solar System: Perspectives for Exobiology

The outer solar system contains many environments of interest for studies of the origin of life. Recent observations support the idea that Jupiter and Saturn have retained the mixture of elements originally present in the solar nebula. Subsequent low temperature chemistry has produced the expected array of simple molecules giving characteristic absorption bands in the spectra of these planets. Microwave and infrared observations show that the lower atmospheres are at temperatures above 300K. Sources of energy for non-equilibrium chemistry seem available at least on Jupiter and the presence of an array of colored materials in the Jovian cloud belts has often been cited as evidence for the existence of complex abiogenic organic molecules. Further study of both planets in an exobiological context seems well worthwhile; potentially productive methods of investigation (including planned space missions) can be described and evaluated from this point of view. Uranus and Neptune are clearly deficient in light gases, but otherwise little is known with certainty about these distant planets. Again unusually high temperatures have been reported, but not above 273 K.
A new statistical approach to detecting differentially methylated loci for case control Illumina array methylation data

Motivation: As an epigenetic alteration, DNA methylation plays an important role in epigenetic controls of gene transcription. Recent advances in genome-wide scan of DNA methylation provide great opportunities in studying the impact of DNA methylation on many human diseases including various types of cancer. Due to the unique feature of this type of data, applicable statistical methods are limited and new sophisticated approaches are desirable. Results: In this article, we propose a new statistical test to detect differentially methylated loci for case control methylation data generated by Illumina arrays. This new method utilizes the important finding that DNA methylation is highly correlated with age. The proposed method estimates the overall P-value by combining the P-values from independent individual tests each for one age group. Through real data application and simulation study, we show that the proposed test is robust and usually more powerful than other methods. Contact: Zhongxue.Chen@uth.tmc.edu
Noniterative corrections to equation‐of‐motion coupled‐cluster excited state energies based on the reduced method of moments of coupled cluster equations

A new formalism closely related to the Method of Moment of Coupled-Cluster equations (MMCC) is obtained by embedding approximate coupled cluster (CC) or equation-of-motion CC (EOMCC) formalism into the formalism which uses cluster or excitation operators defined by excitation operators of higher rank with respect to a given approximation. Non-iterative corrections due to triples to the CC / EOMCC with singles and doubles (CCSD / EOMCCSD) reveal structural similarities to the CCSD(T) corrections for the ground state. Linked to our QM/MM module in NWChem this new algorithm is used to study the excited-state potential surfaces of C1₂O molecule in gas-phase and CC1₄ solution.
On authority distributions in organizations: controls

Abstract A member's command game gives the direct boss and approval relations between him and other members in his organization. In a complicated organization, “commands” can be passed or implemented through command channels. This implies a global authority topology in the organization. This paper will investigate three related forms of command channels and their contexts. In the stricter form, a coalition has the complete power over a player. This form can be found in the military, a slavery as well as private property right. The other two equivalent forms analyze the sharing power over commonly-owned property. They can explain such issues as the controlling power, responsibility, democracy in instituting governments (e.g., one-person-one-vote principle), sharing sovereign and indivisible common property.
Thermoelectric Properties of Electrodeposited BiSbTe Nanowires

Bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe) nanowires were electrodeposited at constant potentials into polycarbonate templates from a tartaric-nitric acid baths having different electrolyte compositions. Composition analysis of the nanowires showed that Sb deposits at higher potentials compared to BiTe. Maximum seebeck coefficients of -337.7 μV/K and 227.2 μV/K were obtained for n-type and p-type nanowires samples Bi4.6Te5.4 and Bi4.3Sb5 respectively. Nonmonotonic resistance behavior was observed for all the nanowires.
The Role of Apoptosis in the Regulation of Trophoblast Survival and Differentiation during Pregnancy

Apoptosis is important for normal placental development, but it may also be involved in the pathophysiology of pregnancyrelated diseases. Normal placental development is dependent upon the differentiation and invasion of the trophoblast, the main cellular component of the placenta. Trophoblast apoptosis increases in normal placentas as gestation proceeds, and a greater incidence of trophoblast apoptosis has been observed in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In response to different stimuli, apoptosis may be initiated extrinsically by the death receptor pathway or intrinsically by the mitochondrial pathway. The central executioners of apoptosis are the caspases, which cleave numerous vital cellular proteins to affect the apoptotic cascade. By inhibiting caspase activation, several endogenous inhibitors, including flice-like inhibitory proteins (FLIPs), inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, can prevent further propagation ofthedeathsignal.Macrophagespresentatthematernal-fetal interface may also contribute to trophoblast survival by removing apoptotic cells and producing cytokines and growth factors, which influence the progression of the apoptotic cascade. This review focuses on the role of apoptosis in trophoblast development and differentiation, the molecular mechanisms by which normal trophoblast apoptosis can occur, and how it is regulated to prevent excessive trophoblast apoptosis andpossiblepregnancycomplications.(EndocrineReviews26: 877–897, 2005)
Economic implications of climate change for infrastructure planning in transboundary water systems: An example from the Blue Nile

[1] This research develops a hydroeconomic modeling framework for integrating climate change impacts into the problem of planning water resources infrastructure development. It then illustrates use of that framework in evaluation of two alternative sizes of a potential hydropower project along the Blue Nile in Ethiopia. Storing water in a Blue Nile reservoir provides an interesting case for testing this integrated approach because such a project would induce a number of physical and economic changes, both transboundary and climate-dependent. The proposed framework makes two contributions to the existing literature on water resources project appraisal. First, it demonstrates how routinely used hydrological modeling techniques can be supplemented with Monte Carlo simulation to include economic uncertainties inherent in the planning problem, in addition to its more commonly considered physical dimensions. Second, it demonstrates how analysts can include a number of linkages between climate change, hydrology, and economic production in conventional planning models to develop better understanding of the complexities and important uncertainties associated with future conditions. While the framework described here has not been used in a full analysis of alternative development projects in the Blue Nile, the general approach could be combined with a variety of decision-analytic tools to evaluate design and management alternatives in water resources systems.
Simulation of problems in propositional calculus

A simulation technique for the solution of problems in proposi tional calculus is described. An example is presented to illustrate the method.
Adaptive and smart interface for VCR remote control using hand gestures

Describes an adaptive and smart interface and shows its successful application for VCR remote control using hand gestures. The interface is capable of learning the user's operational habits and can offer self-help, aka wizard mode of operation; it can then monitor the user's gestures and maintain constant vigilance in an attempt to assist her through feedback using video display and/or loud-speaker. The availability of users' profiles is used in an adaptive fashion to enhance human-computer interactions and to make them intelligent, i.e., causal. The smart interface is suitable for handicapped users and it can be used for security purposes too.
Data functions, datalog and negation

Datalog is extended to incorporate single-valued “data functions”, which correspond to attributes in semantic models, and which may be base (user-specified) or derived (computed). Both conventional and stratified datalog are considered. Under the extension, a datalog program may not be consistent, because a derived function symbol may evaluate to something which is not a function. Consistency is shown to be undecidable, and is decidable in a number of restricted cases. A syntactic restriction, panwise consistency, is shown to guarantee consistency. The framework developed here can also be used to incorporate single-valued data functions into the Complex Object Language (COL), which supports deductive capabilities, complex database objects, and set-valued data functions.There is a natural correspondence between the extended datalog introduced here, and the usual datalog with functional dependencies. For families P and G of dependencies and a family of datalog programs L, the P-G implication problem for L asks, given sets F ⊆ P and G ⊆ G and a program P in L, whether for all inputs I, I
Heritability of Electronically Recorded Daily Body Weight and Correlations with Yield, Dry Matter Intake, and Body Condition Score

The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability for daily body weight (BW) and genetic correlations of daily BW with daily milk yield (MY), body condition score (BCS), dry matter intake, fat yield, and protein yield. The Afiweigh cow body weighing system records BW of every cow exiting the milking parlor. The Afiweigh system was installed at the Pennsylvania State University dairy herd in August 2001 and in July 2004 at the Virginia Tech dairy herd. The edited data included 202,143 daily BW and 290,930 daily MY observations from 575 Pennsylvania State University and 120 Virginia Tech Holstein cows. Data were initially analyzed with a series of 4-trait animal models, followed by random regression models. The models included fixed effects for age within lactation group, week of lactation, and herd-date. Random effects included animal, permanent environment, and error. The order of the polynomials for random animal and permanent environmental effects with the random regression model for daily BW was 4 and 6, respectively. Heritability estimates for daily BW ranged from 0.48 to 0.57 and were largest between 200 and 230 and smallest at 305 d of lactation. Genetic correlations were large between BW and BCS (0.60). The genetic correlation between daily BW and MY was -0.14 but was positive (0.24) after adjusting for BCS. Electronically recorded daily BW is highly heritable, and genetic evaluations of daily BW and BW change across the lactation could be used to select for less early lactation BW loss.
Career Assessment With Latinos/Hispanics:

Career assessment with Latinos/Hispanics in the United States is a topic that is attracting attention among test users and test takers. Latino/Hispanic clients and their counselors are asking if tests administered to them are fair, or useful. Counselors are wondering what effect language proficiency has on test taking, and how culture, socioeconomic status, and racial/ethnic identity may affect both taking and interpreting the results of assessment tools. Decisions on whether a test is useful or valid for Latinos/Hispanics depends on the psychometric aspects of the test itself, as well as culturally appropriate interpretation of the test. This article will present demographic characteristics of Latinos/Hispanics, identify some of the measurement issues involved in testing Latinos/Hispanics, review some of the cultural values of Latinos/Hispanics, and briefly discuss interpretation of vocational tests within the context of culturally appropriate career counseling.
“So What?” Students' Articulation of Civic Themes in Middle-School Historical Account Projects

Two middle-school teachers incorporated student creation of historical accounts into their history instruction. During these projects, the teachers instructed their students to (1) summarize information presented during classroom instruction on a topic (e.g., the Great Migration) and (2) explain the significance of that topic to the present day. This second component of the task addressed a curricular standard regarding historical thinking, but students' responses referenced themes from citizenship education (e.g., cultural pluralism, social criticism, and national identification). More than eighty student projects were analyzed and coded for themes. This study presents a portrait of ambitious history teaching and suggests a tactic for a civics-infused history education course.
Atmospheric gradients from very long baseline interferometry observations

Azimuthal asymmetries in the atmospheric refractive index can lead to errors in estimated vertical and horizontal station coordinates. Daily average gradient effects can be as large as 50 mm of delay at a 7 deg elevation. To model gradients, the constrained estimation of gradient paramters was added to the standard VLBI solution procedure. Here the analysis of two sets of data is summarized: the set of all geodetic VLBI experiments from 1990-1993 and a series of 12 state-of-the-art R&D experiments run on consecutive days in January 1994. In both cases, when the gradient parameters are estimated, the overall fit of the geodetic solution is improved at greater than the 99% confidence level. Repeatabilities of baseline lengths ranging up to 11,000 km are improved by 1 to 8 mm in a root-sum-square sense. This varies from about 20% to 40% of the total baseline length scatter without gradient modeling for the 1990-1993 series and 40% to 50% for the January series. Gradients estimated independently for each day as a piecewise linear function are mostly continuous from day to day within their formal uncertainties.
Guaranteed fault containment and local stabilization in routing

We formulate concepts that characterize network properties in the presence of high-frequency faults, and we present CPV, a path-vector routing protocol that locally contains high-frequency faults and locally stabilizes. Local containment enables CPV to guarantee that distant nodes be unaffected by faults. Local stabilization enables CPV to stabilize the network within time depending only on the perturbation size instead of the network size. In CPV, the distance to which the state of a node propagates is proportional to the time the state remains valid. These properties are achieved by reacting to a new fault only after first containing the response to the previous fault. In addition to analytically proving these properties, we evaluate CPV by simulating Internet-type networks with up to 75 autonomous systems; we observe that CPV reduces the number of fault-affected nodes by a factor of 71 and the network convergence time by a factor of 9.2 when compared with BGP.
Application of a combined sensitivity analysis approach on a pesticide environmental risk indicator

Sensitivity analysis aims to characterize factors (i.e., model inputs) accounting for the amount of uncertainty in model output. Input factors are usually assumed to be independent, which may lead to incorrect conclusions. In this study, a combined sensitivity analysis approach, composed of the Sobol' and Importance Measurement (IM) methods, is applied on a pesticide environmental risk indicator (called PURE), where main, interaction, and correlation effects (i.e., the effects of factor correlations on sensitivity indices) are all addressed. PURE calculates pesticide risk scores for air, soil, groundwater, and surface water based on pesticide properties and surrounding environmental conditions. The Sobol' method calculates the first-order sensitivity index (S"i) and the total-effect sensitivity index (S"T"i) in noncorrelated-factor setting to address the main and interaction effects; while the IM method calculates S"i in both noncorrelated-factor and correlated-factor settings to show the correlation effects. In the tested case, the S"i estimations in noncorrelated-factor setting by the Sobol' and IM methods are very similar, which not only cross-validates the main effect estimations by the two different methods, but also provides the common ground for combining the two methods to address both interaction and correlation effects. In addition, the S"i estimations in correlated-factor setting are relatively different from the ones in noncorrelated-factor setting, which demonstrates that it is cautious to assume all factors are independent in sensitivity analysis. Take the soil risk evaluation as an example, the positive correlation between the chronic no-observed-effect concentration and acute 50%-lethal concentration to earthworms largely increases the S"i of the latter factor. The results of S"i estimations show that the risk scores for air, soil, groundwater, and surface water are most sensitive to the application rate of pesticide product, the application rate of pesticide active ingredient, the organic carbon sorption constant, and the monthly maximum daily water input, respectively. In summary, while this study enhances the understanding of PURE, it also provides an option for investigating both interaction and correlation effects, and hence promotes sensitivity analysis with factor-correlation structures in environmental modeling.
Electrical-Thermal Co-Simulation of 3D Integrated Systems With Micro-Fluidic Cooling and Joule Heating Effects

In this paper, the electrical-thermal co-simulation of 3D systems with Joule heating, fluidic cooling and air convection effects is proposed. The finite-volume method formulations of voltage distribution equation, heat equations for both fluid flow and solid medium with nonuniform mesh are explained in detail. Based on the proposed iterative co-simulation method, package temperature distribution and voltage drop with Joule heating and fluidic cooling effects can be estimated. Several packaging examples are simulated and the results show that with micro-channel fluidic cooling in high power density 3D integrated packages, the thermal effect on voltage drop is reduced by 10% which is much less than that of using a traditional heat sink.
Not novel, just better: competition between native and non-native plants in California grasslands that share species traits

Invasive plants have often been shown to possess novel traits such as the ability to fix nitrogen, access unused resource pools, or the ability to exude allelopathic chemicals. We describe a case of a successful invasion where the native and non-native species are very similar in most life-history characteristics including their growth forms, lifespan, and degree of summertime activity. Data from permanent transects suggest that exotic perennial grass invaders can establish into intact native-dominated grasslands, achieving cover values from 6 to 71% over several years. We also established a 4-year competition experiment to test the effect of each group—the native and non-native perennial grasses—on the other. Competitive interactions were found to consistently favor the non-native grasses: native perennial grass productivity was significantly lower in plots with exotic perennial grasses as compared to plots without exotic perennial grasses. By contrast, productivity of the exotic perennial grasses was not reduced by the presence of the native perennial grasses. These results suggest that competitive ability, rather than a unique trait, has contributed to the success of the exotic perennial grasses in our system. Management tools to control exotic perennial grass invasions are likely to negatively influence native perennial grass populations, as strategies that succeed against the invasive species may kill or reduce the native species as well.
Me, myself, and my hyperego: understanding people through the aggregation of their digital footprints

Every day, millions of people encounter strangers online. We read their medical advice, buy their products, and ask them out on dates. Yet our views of them are very limited; we see individual communication acts rather than the person(s) as a whole. This thesis contends that socially-focused machine learning and visualization of archived digital footprints can improve the capacity of social media to help form impressions of online strangers. Four original designs are presented that each examine the social fabric of a different existing online world. The designs address unique perspectives on the problem of and opportunities offered by online impression formation. The first work, Is Britney Spears Spam?, examines a way of prototyping strangers on first contact by modeling their past behaviors across a social network. Landscape of Words identifies cultural and topical trends in large online publics. Personas is a data portrait that characterizes individuals by collating heterogenous textual artifacts. The final design, Defuse, navigates and visualizes virtual crowds using metrics grounded in sociology. A reflection on these experimental endeavors is also presented, including a formalization of the problem and considerations for future research. A meta-critique by a panel of domain experts completes the discussion. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Coordination Chemistry of 2,2’-Dipyridylamine: The Gift That Keeps on Giving

The ligand 2,2’-dipyridylamine occupies a special place in modern coordination chemistry. To honor the one-hundredth anniversary of its first preparation, the chemistry of this ligand is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the structural features of the resulting metal complexes. The versatility of this ligand is manifold: it can exist in several protonation states, adopt one of nine distinct coordination modes, and stabilize complexes containing one, two, or three metal atoms, including compounds with direct metal–metal bonds. Despite its long history, new complexes of the 2,2’-dipyridylamine ligand continue to be discovered, making this ligand a gift to coordination chemists that keeps on giving.
Positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) was clinically introduced in the 1970s and has since become one of the most important diagnostic imaging modalities in oncology. Today, it is exclusively used as a hybrid imaging modality in conjunction with either computed tomography (CT) as PET/CT, introduced in 2001, or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as PET/MR, introduced in 2011 (Beyer et al., J Nucl Med 41:1369–1379, 2000; Ng et al., Med Phys 37:1995–2003, 2010). The anatomic imaging component (CT or MR) complements PET with the spatial location of structures and morphological features of tissues, such as the texture of parenchymal organs or the contrast enhancement of vessels, which essentially depends on the electron density of the tissue (CT) or its proton density and relaxation properties (MR).
Solution-Based Precursor Delivery for Copper CVD

We have measured growth rates and film properties for copper CVD using Cu(hfac)2 dissolved in isopropanol as the precursor delivery method. This approach offers the convenience and control associated with liquid precursor delivery, while avoiding the need to handle the precursor at its high melting point. The method provides similar growth rates to those observed using conventional delivery by solid sublimation, with the additional benefit that these growth rates are achieved using a much lower partial pressure of precursor in the reactor. The growth rate is nearly independent of the partial pressure of Cu(hfac)2, isopropanol, and H2 over the range of operating conditions examined. The film morphology and resistivity are also largely unaffected by the deposition conditions. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism proceeds via an adsorbed intermediate formed by the reaction of Cu(hfac)2 and isopropanol, and that the surface is nearly fully saturated by this intermediate.
Too Rich For Diversity: Socioeconomic Status Influences Multifaceted Person Perception of Latino Targets

Understanding racial categorization processes has implications for how affirmative action policies are implemented. Two studies examined how socioeconomic status (SES) functions to predict support for application of affirmative action and other perceptions of Latino targets. SES emerged as a powerful predictor, over and above the influence of ancestry, on person perception (minority categorization, sociocultural cues) and support for affirmative action among both White (Studies 1 and 2) and minority (Study 2) perceivers. In conjunction with ancestry, SES influenced sociocultural impressions, such as perceptions of discrimination (Study 1 and Study 2) and cultural practices (Study 2), which informed support for implementation of affirmative action policies. Furthermore, the joint influence of SES and ancestry on affirmative action policies persisted even when controlling for general attitudes towards affirmative action (Study 2). Results suggest that SES is an important factor in person perception, and that perceptions of discrimination play a strong role in how “deserving” a target is of affirmative action.
Large persistent photoconductivity in strontium titanate single crystals

Strontium titanate is a complex oxide with a range of interesting properties. Annealed samples show persistent photoconductivity at room temperature. When irradiated with sub-gap light, the resistivity drops significantly. The increased conductivity persists for days with negligible decay. This unusual effect is attributed to the excitation of an electron from an acceptor defect into the conduction band. A large barrier for recapture prevents electrons from returning to the defect level. Recent work suggests that optimized annealing conditions result in weakly p-type material prior to illumination.
Kinetics of liquid annulus formation and capillary forces.

The dependence of the capillary adhesion force Fcap between a silica microsphere and a flat silica surface versus a time period t of the samples’ contact (i.e., dwell-in time) is experimentally inv...
Speciation and persistence of a contact zone in Mojave desert ground squirrels, subgenus Xerospermophilus

Genetic intergradation between Spermophilus mohavensis and S. tereticaudus , estimated from cranial morphometrics, is restricted to known and purported sites of hybridization. The boundary between the two species coincides with the Wisconsinan distribution of pluvial lakes and river systems, which isolated a cooler, more mesic refugium of Mojave Desert flora and fauna during pluvial maxima. A continuous barrier was last present 10,000 years ago, but disappeared at least 6,000 years ago. Subsequent range expansion of either species across this previous barrier has been limited to 30 km, or an average of ≤5 m/year. Persistence of the initial contact zone may result from low vagility of both species, incorporation of rare immigrants through introgressive hybridization, competition, or a combination of these factors.
Abstract LB-187: Identification of CIT-0665, a novel inhibitor of LSD1

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/AOF2/KDM1A) is a flavin-dependent histone demethylase that catalyzes the posttranslational oxidative demethylation of mono- and dimethylated lysines on histones. Methylation of lysine residues on histones can signal transcriptional activation or repression depending on the specific residue involved. H3K4me2 is a transcription-activating chromatin mark at gene promoters, and demethylation of this mark by LSD1 is thought to prevent expression of tumor suppressor genes important in human cancer. In contrast, methylation of H3K9 is a repressive mark and LSD1 activity has been shown to upregulate tumor promoting pathways. Thus, LSD1 is emerging as an important target for the development of specific inhibitors as a new class of antitumor drugs. Currently, only a few existing compounds, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, have been shown to act as inhibitors of LSD1. More potent and specific inhibitors of LSD1 are needed to advance LSD1 biology and test for potential efficacy in tumor models. We utilized the 3-D crystal structure of LSD1 to computationally dock more than 10 million virtual compounds into the active site of the protein. From the docking experiments, we physically screened 52 compounds in an LSD1 biochemical assay (resorufin-based assay measuring the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated by LSD1). The compound CIT-0665 was identified as a potent inhibitor of LSD1 enzymatic activity, with an IC50 of 290nM. Additionally, cell lines treated with CIT-0665 show increased levels of H3K4 methylation. A large panel of cancer cell lines was also tested for sensitivity to CIT-0665, using a cell viability assay. We are currently engaged in determining possible mechanisms of sensitivity from the cell line panel and making analogs of CIT-0665 with improved drug-like qualities. In conclusion, CIT-0665 is a novel LSD-1 inhibitor with activity in biochemical and cell-based assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-187
Social enterprise and work integration of North Korean migrants in South Korea

ABSTRACTThis contribution aims to present the general issue of integrating North Korean (NK) migrants living in South Korea into jobs and society, the main characteristics of the social enterprise scheme set up in South Korea, and a few examples of social enterprises engaged in NKs migrants’ work integration. It stresses that the process of integrating NK migrants through the social enterprise model leads to apprehend this question, not in the traditional framework of policies specific to NK migrants, but in a broader framework to address a more comprehensive issue of the integration of vulnerable populations. This is an orientation that breaks with the previous public-policy framework towards NK migrants without real counterpart benefits. This approach also supplements governmental policies that have been developed since 2005 to encourage NK migrants to engage in skills training and support programmes in employment coaching. By adding case studies that assess the effectiveness of NK migrants’ work integr...
New meta-model for construction data element of oriented application

The theory on data element was researched deeply,and according to data standardization reality in large-scale enterprise,one meta-model for construction data element data based on the idea of data element concept-basic data element-application data element which expressed classification schema,one kind of algorithm for automatic generation data element was defined.The model could also be used to analyze and normalize metadata in enterprise information.
Solving Cubics With Creases: The Work of Beloch and Lill

Margharita P. Beloch was the first person, in 1936, to realize that origami (paperfolding) constructions can solve general cubic equations and thus are more powerful than straightedge and compass c...
C-Myc amplification coexistent with activating N-ras point mutation in the biphenotypic leukemic cell line RED-3

While activation of the protooncogene c-N-ras is observed regularly in acute myelogenous leukemia, amplification of c-myc in AML cells or derived lines is uncommon. In particular, concurrent ras/myc activation, which has been shown to be critical in several elegant models of malignancy, has been demonstrated in a very small number of human tumors or derivative cell lines. A cell line, RED-3, is described which was derived from cells of a patient with aggressive acute leukemia which exhibits many markers of lineage infidelity. DNA from this cell line contains an activating point mutation of c-N-ras as well as 20-30-fold amplification of c-myc. After HL-60, this is the second example of ras/myc activation in AML derived cells and demonstrates that this lesion is not unique to HL-60. Rather, it may be important in leukemogenesis in a small proportion of AML patients.
Jeffrey Freedman.Books without Borders in Enlightenment Europe: French Cosmopolitanism and German Literary Markets. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012. 382p. $80 (ISBN 978-0-8122-4389-5).

Twenty years ago Jeffrey Freedman had the opportunity to spend eighteen months in the archives of the 18th-century Swiss publishing house, Societe Typographique de Neuchâtel (STN), housed at the Bibliotheque Publique et Universitaire in Switzerland. That research is the foundation of his newest book. Its premise is that book history has traditionally stayed within national or regional borders, but books don’t; they go where they are wanted. The narrative Freedman weaves of the STN’s efforts to sell French language books in Germany shows this quite well; and, though it does help to have some knowledge of 18th-century European history, the . . .
Electrophoretic Identification of Africanized Honeybees

SummaryA procedure for analysing the results of protein electrophoresis for taxonomic purposes is described. Its application to identifying Africanized honeybees is presented, using previously reported data for the loci coding for malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), and a general protein band (P-3). Mdh can be used alone to identify individual workers as Africanized or European, with a probability of more than 90% for the reported populations, but it does not meet the 99% probability criterion for use as a diagnostic locus. When the reported results for all three loci are combined, individual Africanized or European workers should be identifiable with a probability of more than 99%. This degree of accuracy may not be possible in other populations, not yet assayed electrophoretically.
X-ray Diffraction Techniques

Perhaps the greatest advances in determining the atomic structure and texture of feldspars have resulted from single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Structure analysis using the intensity of the Bragg diffractions yields the electron distribution in the average unit cell as described in Part 1. Single-crystal techniques are particularly valuable for determining the nature of and the angular relations between the components of feldspar intergrowths, and in characterizing the geometry and symmetry of the unit cell. Powder X-ray techniques lose the three-dimensional information inherent in single-crystal techniques and have insufficient sensitivity to permit detection of subsidiary diffractions and to allow full characterization of complex intergrowths. However, they are particularly valuable for determination of cell dimensions and symmetry because of the greater speed than in single crystal methods. Routine identification is normally carried out by powder methods if optical methods are insufficient.
Formal Methods Panel: Are Formal Methods Ready for Dependable Systems?

Formal specification and verification techniques have been advocated for life-critical applications for over two decades but have only been applied to a few deployed systems. Nevertheless, formal methods have been successfully used on increasingly difficult research problems over the last 5–10 years. A key question arises: “Have we finally reached the place where the transfer of this technology to industry is practical?”
The West Needs a Spiritual Impetus (in Dutch)

Western secularism ignores the questions such as why we are born to die and what is the meaning of life. Therefore, the West must not only draw on humanism, but also on moderate religious beliefs.
Few photon signal processing and detection in paramteric devices

We review recent advances in longitudinal fiber dispersion engineering that have enabled construction of efficient parametric devices operating at a few photon level. We outline principal physical processes and present operational demonstration of parametric devices for high speed signal processing and sensing.
Assessing the impact of corporate board independence and diversity on team decision-making

Corporate Boards of Directors are governing bodies responsible for the overall activities of the corporation in dealing with its environment. These strategic decision-making groups have been studie...
Education, Ethics, and the Law: Examining the Legal Consequences of Unethical Judgment

The authors examine the relationship between ethics, law, and policy with the intent of distinguishing between as well as denoting the intersection of ethics, law, and policy as situated in education. Distinguishing between legal and professional ethics, the nature of legal ethics as practiced in adherence to the law and professional ethics as presented in adherence to professional and/or institutional codes of ethics specific to educational cultures is examined. Ethical awareness and sensitivity as related to ethical behavior is examined in contrast to ethical deceit and ethical self-interest. Ethical misconduct is examined, focusing on ethical drift, ethical missteps, conflict of interest, partisanship, and psychological basis for unethical behavior. Exemplars of ethical misconduct are presented and the legal consequences of unethical behavior in education are discussed.
Electronic Structures and Properties

To a first approximation, the valence electrons of free atoms and ions are taken to move in a spherically symmetric potential, and interactions between them are neglected.
Characterization and detection of parameter variations of nonlinear mechanical systems

The present study applies the recently developed ideas in experimental system modeling to both characterize the behavior of simple mechanical systems and detect variations in their parameters. First, an experimental chaotic time series was simulated from the solution of the differential equation of motion of a mechanical system with clearance. From the scalar time series, a strange attractor was reconstructed optimally by the method of delays. Optimal reconstructions of the attractors can be achieved by simultaneously determining the minimal necessary embedding dimension and the proper delay time. Periodic saddle orbits were extracted from the chaotic orbit and their eigenvalues were calculated. The eigenvalues associated with the saddle orbits are used to estimate the Lyapunov exponents for the steady state motion. An analysis of the associated one dimensional delay map, obtained from the chaotic time series, is made to determine the allowable periodic orbits and to yield an estimate of the topological entropy for the positive Lyapunov exponent. Sensitivity of the positions of the low order unstable periodic orbits (orbits of short period) of a chaotic attractor is used as a basis for detection of parameter variations in another unsymmetric bilinear system. For the experimental scalar time series generated by the dynamical system as a parameter varies, the chaotic attractors were again optimally reconstructed using the method of delays. The parameter variations were detected by the changes in location of the unstable periodic orbits extracted from the reconstructed attractors of the experimental scalar time series.
Mini-Transplants for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: A Modeling Perspective

We model the immune dynamics between T cells and cancer cells in leukemia patients after a bone-marrow (or a stem-cell) transplant. We use a system of nine delay differential equations that incorporate time delays and account for the progression of cells through different stages. This model is an extension of our earlier model [3]. We conduct a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters with respect to the minimum cancer concentration attained during the first remission and the time until the first relapse. In addition, we examine the effects of varying the initial host cell concentration and the cancer cell concentration on the likelihood of a successful transplant. We observe that higher initial concentrations of general host blood cells increase the chance of success. Such higher initial concentrations can be obtained, e.g., by reducing the amount of chemotherapy that is administered prior to the transplant, a procedure known as a mini-transplant. Our results suggest that mini-transplants may be advantageous over full transplants. We identify the regions of the parameters for which mini-transplants are advantageous using statistical tools.
Development of specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimp stocks and their application to sustainable shrimp farming

Abstract: According to the FAO, global production of marine penaeid shrimp from farms reached nearly 3.5 million tonnes in 2009, accounting for nearly half of the world’s total shrimp supply. With most of the world’s shrimp fisheries at maximum sustainable yield, the ratio of farmed to fished shrimp appears likely to continue to increase. This production is from a very young food producing industry that began to emerge in the mid-1970s. The remarkable growth of sustainable shrimp farming has been accomplished in part through the successful development of domesticated shrimp stocks, many of which are free of specific diseases, and the development of the necessary infrastructure, in terms of biosecurity, diagnostic methods and trained personnel, to successfully prevent disease or to manage disease outbreaks when they occur.
Within the framework of the dual-system model, voluntary action is central to cognition

A new version of the dual-system hypothesis is described. Consistent with earlier models, the improvisational subsystem of the instrumental system, which includes the occipital cortex, inferior temporal cortex, and medial temporal cortex, especially the hippocampus, directs the construction of visual representations of the world and constructs ad-hoc responses to novel targets. The habit system, which includes the occipital cortex; parietal cortex; premotor, supplementary motor, and ventrolateral areas of frontal cortex; and the basal ganglia, especially the caudate nucleus, encodes sequences of actions and generates previously successful actions to familiar targets. However, unlike in previous dual-system models, human cognitive activity involved in task performance is not exclusively associated with one system or the other. Rather, the two systems make it possible for people to learn a variety of skills that draw on the competencies of both systems. The collective effects of these skills define human cognition. So, in contrast with earlier versions of the dual-system hypothesis, which identified the habit system solely with procedural learning and implicit improvements in task performance, the model presented here attributes a direct role in declarative-memory tasks to the habit system. Furthermore, within the model, the computational competencies of the two systems are used to construct purposeful sequences of actions-that is, skills. Human cognition is the result of the performance of these skills. Thus, voluntary action is central to human cognition.