cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fourth-grade emergent bilinguals' uses of functional grammar analysis to talk about text

Abstract While decades of research on reading comprehension strategy instruction has yielded significant insights into the effective use of comprehension strategies, less is known about how students—in particular students who are learning English as an additional language—can leverage their knowledge of language to make meaning with text. This descriptive case study provides insight into the ways talk about language, using a functional grammar, supports a group of fourth-grade emergent bilinguals. Students construct coherent mental representations of text by attending to linguistic features that they had learned to identify during the preceding school year, using a semantically-based linguistic metalanguage from systemic functional linguistics. Their connection of language forms and meanings in think-alouds and interviews suggests that functional grammar analysis holds promise as an instructional tool with which teachers can guide students’ attention to the central meanings in text.
Diet quality, inflammation, and the ankle brachial index in adults with or without cardiometabolic conditions

Summary Background & aims Diet quality may influence non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors – namely, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Pre-existing traditional cardiometabolic conditions may confound this association. We aimed to determine whether diet quality was associated with high-risk CRP or ABI, independently from traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Baseline data were analyzed from US-Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 y without previously-diagnosed CVD participating in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort. Included were 14,623 participants with CRP data, and 7892 participants (≥45 y) with ABI data. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Results Nearly 35% of Hispanics/Latinos had high-risk CRP concentration and 6.3% had high-risk ABI (peripheral artery disease (PAD): 4.2%; arterial stiffness: 2.1%). After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity, the odds (95% confidence interval) of having high-risk ABI were 37% (5, 44%) lower per 10-unit increase in AHEI ( p = 0.018). The association was marginally significant for PAD (0.77 (0.58, 1.00); p = 0.05), and non-significant for arterial stiffness ( p = 0.16). Each 10-unit increase in AHEI was associated with 21% (10, 30%) lower odds of high-risk CRP ( p = 0.0002) after similar adjustments. There were no significant interactions between AHEI and age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, or pre-existing cardiometabolic conditions for associations with ABI. The association between AHEI and high-risk CRP was stronger for those with diabetes ( p -interaction p -interaction = 0.005), or ages 45–74 y ( p -interaction = 0.011). Conclusions Higher diet quality is associated with lower inflammation and less adverse ABI among Hispanics/Latinos, independently from traditional cardiometabolic risk factors.
Super-Resolution Microscopy and Single-Protein Tracking in Live Bacteria Using a Genetically Encoded, Photostable Fluoromodule

Visualization of dynamic protein structures in live cells is crucial for understanding the mechanisms governing biological processes. Fluorescence microscopy is a sensitive tool for this purpose. In order to image proteins in live bacteria using fluorescence microscopy, one typically genetically fuses the protein of interest to a photostable fluorescent tag. Several labeling schemes are available to accomplish this. Particularly, hybrid tags that combine a fluorescent or fluorogenic dye with a genetically encoded protein (such as enzymatic labels) have been used successfully in multiple cell types. However, their use in bacteria has been limited due to challenges imposed by a complex bacterial cell wall. Here, we describe the use of a genetically encoded photostable fluoromodule that can be targeted to cytosolic and membrane proteins in the Gram negative bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Additionally, we summarize methods to use this fluoromodule for single protein imaging and super-resolution microscopy using stimulated emission depletion. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of quantitative T2 and ADC mapping in the assessment of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Abstract To assess the relative performance of MRI T2 relaxation and ADC mapping as potential biomarkers of neurotoxicity, a model of 3-nitropropionic acid (NP)-induced neurodegeneration in rats was employed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NP (N = 20, 16–20 mg/kg, ip or sc) or saline (N = 6, 2 ml/kg, ip) daily for 3 days. MRI was performed using a 7 T system employing quantitative T2 and ADC mapping based on spin echo pulse sequence. All maps were skull stripped and co-registered and the changes were quantified using baseline subtraction and anatomical segmentation. Following the in vivo portion of the study, rat brains were histologically examined. Four NP-treated rats were considered responders based on their MRI and histology data. T2 values always increased in the presence of toxicity, while ADC changes were bidirectional, decreasing in some lesion areas and increasing in others. In contrast to T2 in some cases, ADC did not change. The effect sizes of T2 and ADC signals suggestive of neurotoxicity were 2.64 and 1.66, respectively, and the variability of averaged T2 values among anatomical regions was consistently lower than that for ADC. The histopathology data confirmed the presence of neurotoxicity, however, a more detailed assessment of the correlation of MRI with histology is needed. T2 mapping provides more sensitive and specific information than ADC about changes in the rat brain thought to be associated with neurotoxicity due to a higher signal-to-noise ratio, better resolution, and unidirectional changes, and presents a better opportunity for biomarker development.
Continuous radioactivity monitoring of perfusion in the small intestine of the intact animal.

The phenomenon of intestinal absorption and transport has been studied by a variety of techniques. Since in vitro studies are removed from the physiological state and since it is very difficult, if not impossible, to simulate the steady state in the living intact animal, various modifications of in vivo systems have been developed. We have reported [1] an in vivo perfusion system in which continuous absorption studies can be carried out using a single anesthetized intact small animal (rat), permitting the determination of continuous absorption patterns from the intestinal lumen in the same living animal. Sampling is possible at any elected time interval. The system described is a recirculating one. We have described a modification of the system, a single-pass perfusion [2’ 3] of the lumen with no recirculation of the solution perfused. Both of the systems have certain limitations in their operation. In the recirculating system samples drawn from the mixed perfusate during the experimental period bring about a diminution of the total volume perfused. In the single-pass system samples can be collected over any selected time interval; however, the quantities of material which are required for analyses and the slight gradient in concentration can pose technical problems.
Absolute Fission Rate Measurements with Solid-State Track Recorders

The method of fission track counting has been placed on a precise absolute basis. Sources of systematic error have been investigated and eliminated or reduced so that precise fission rate measureme...
Abstract 5087: Carvedilol prevents skin cancer independently of its antioxidant property

Carvedilol is an FDA approved β-blocker traditionally prescribed for cardiovascular diseases. Our previous work demonstrated that carvedilol has preventive activity against ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. However, the photoprotective mechanism for carvedilol remains unknown. Interestingly, not all β-blockers have cancer preventive activity, suggesting that targeting the β-adrenergic receptors may not be responsible for carvedilol’s anticancer activity. Since carvedilol has been shown as a potent antioxidant and such property is not shared by majority of other β-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), we hypothesized that the antioxidant property may be, in part, responsible for carvedilol’s protective activity against photocarcinogenesis. The nontumorous mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells were subjected to various doses of UVR exposure and H2O2 treatment to identify the optimal doses to examine protective activity. UVR and H2O2dose-dependently reduced cell viability. 25mJ/cm2 UVR and 100 μM H2O2 reduced cell viability detected by Trypan blue exclusion assay to 58.1% and 60.6%, respectively. 25mJ/cm2 UVR and 300 μM H2O2 increased the formation of intracellular fluorescent 29,79-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence, a marker of reactive oxidative species (ROS) detected by flow cytometry, to 5- and 4-fold compared to non-treated control, respectively. The cells were treated before or after UVR and H2O2 exposure with metoprolol, carvedilol or 4-hydroxycarbazole (4-OHC). 4-OHC is an intermediate compound for carvedilol synthesis that possesses an identical UV absorption profile as carvedilol. Additionally, the carbazole moiety is likely responsible for the antioxidant activity of carvedilol. Carvedilol, but not metoprolol and 4-OHC, was able to inhibit EGF-induced JB6 transformation in soft agar. Carvedilol, but not metoprolol and 4-OHC, also attenuated UVR and H2O2 induced cell death. Carvedilol, but not 4-OHC, inhibited UVR-induced NF-κB and AP-1 promoter activity. In addition, unlike carvedilol, 4-OHC failed to prevent chronic UVR induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. However, 4-OHC and carvedilol similarly attenuated UVR- and H2O2-induced ROS formation in JB6 P+ cells, while metoprolol had no effect. These results indicate that the photoprotective effects of carvedilol are primarily due to an unknown mechanism that is independent of β-adrenergic receptors and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Citation Format: Mengbing Chen, Sherry Liang, Bradley Andresen, Ying Huang. Carvedilol prevents skin cancer independently of its antioxidant property [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5087.
Judith Sargent Murray (1751–1820)

A large mural depicting Judith Sargent Murray, pen in hand at the center of activity in a world past and present, is now newly displayed in the center of Gloucester, Massachusetts, her birthplace. Pen in hand is an apt depiction. Murray, spent a lifetime with a pen articulating her ideas on intellectual and moral virtue, the political philosophy of revolutionary America, man’s relation to God and the universe, and women’s equality. Her ideas did not find their way into the philosophical canon. In her own lifetime she was praised for her Universalist ideas, in the nineteenth century as poet, in the twentieth century as an historical figure of stature, but not yet as philosopher.1
Distinct functional alterations in SCN8A epilepsy mutant channels

Key points Mutations in the SCN8A gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. We characterize a new epilepsy-related SCN8A mutation, R850Q, in the human SCN8A channel and present gain-of-function properties of the mutant channel. Systematic comparison of R850Q with three other SCN8A epilepsy mutations, T761I, R1617Q and R1872Q, identifies one common dysfunction in resurgent current, although these mutations alter distinct properties of the channel. Computational simulations in two different neuron models predict an increased excitability of neurons carrying these mutations, which explains the over-excitation that underlies seizure activities in patients. These data provide further insight into the mechanism of SCN8A-related epilepsy and reveal subtle but potentially important distinction of functional characterization performed in the human vs. rodent channels. Abstract SCN8A is a novel causal gene for early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. It is well accepted that gain-of-function mutations in SCN8A underlie the disorder, although the remarkable heterogeneity of its clinical presentation and poor treatment response demand a better understanding of the disease mechanisms. Here, we characterize a new epilepsy-related SCN8A mutation, R850Q, in human Nav1.6. We show that it is a gain-of-function mutation, with a hyperpolarizing shift in voltage dependence of activation, a two-fold increase of persistent current and a slowed decay of resurgent current. We systematically compare its biophysics with three other SCN8A epilepsy mutations, T767I, R1617Q and R1872Q, in the human Nav1.6 channel. Although all of these mutations are gain-of-function, the mutations affect different aspects of channel properties. One commonality that we discovered is an alteration of resurgent current kinetics, although the mechanisms by which resurgent currents are augmented remain unclear for all of the mutations. Computational simulations predict an increased excitability of neurons carrying these mutations with differential enhancement by open channel blockade.
Experimental Studies of Contact Space Model for Multi-surface Collisions in Articulated Rigid-Body Systems

Modeling simultaneous contact and collisions at multiple surfaces in articulated rigid-body systems is computationally challenging because joint and contact constraints must be enforced together. Previously, we have proposed an efficient method to treat multi-surface collisions in the contact space coordinates which represent the relative motion at the contact surfaces [12]. The inertial dynamics of the multi-surface collision is then equivalent to a simultaneous collision between two rigid bodies whose inertia equals the effective inertia of the respective articulated bodies in the contact space. In this paper, we present an experimental study of this model on planar and spatial systems of passive jointed pendulums. Across several frictionless/frictional, single/multi-surface collision events, the model accurately predicted post-collision joint positions and velocities. Furthermore, joint velocity predictions in the dynamically consistent null space were significantly more accurate than those in the contact space. This indicates that the contact space model accurately describes inertial dynamics of multi-surface collisions in articulated rigid-body systems, but a better empirical restitution model can further improve prediction accuracy .
RESPONSE: CHIP Training: Thinking Beyond the Numbers.

The inception of the field of PCI started with the performance of the first coronary angioplasty procedure on a focal left anterior descending coronary artery lesion >40 years ago. Fast forwarding into the present reality of PCI, the type of lesion that Andreas Gruentzig initially treated is rarer
Chapter 5 – Transducers

The transducer is the indispensable part of any medical ultrasound system. Transducer design is based on an accurate transducer simulation model such as the electroacoustic KLM transducer equivalent circuit model which is explained in detail and in Appendix C. A useful design perspective is that a transducer and/or model has a three ports: two acoustic and one electric. The modeling of a transducer includes its functions as both a transmitter and a receiver from reciprocity arguments and also as a bandpass filter whose characteristics and corresponding pulse shape can be designed. At the heart of a transducer is a piezoelectric material or an electroacoustic transduction principle. The main piezoelectric materials, lead zirconium titanate (PZT), composites, and domain-engineered single crystals are compared in terms of design trade-offs. New trends in transducer materials and devices are discussed, including the following topics: lead-free piezoelectrics, piezoelectric gels, matrix arrays, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), and conformable and high-frequency arrays.
Association of Lung Function With HIV-Related Quality of Life and Health Care Utilization in a High-Risk Cohort.

Background Chronic respiratory disease represents an important comorbidity for persons living with HIV (PLWH). HIV itself is associated with greater impairment in lung function. We aimed to determine the association between declining lung function and both quality of life (QOL) and health care utilization for PLWH. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Study of HIV Infection in the Etiology of Lung Disease 2009-2017, we studied the association between changes in lung function and both QOL and acute care events (emergency department visit or hospitalization). The Medical Outcomes Studies-HIV Questionnaire provided QOL domains. Multivariable regression models were performed with generalized estimating equations accounting for 1499 participants, 485 with HIV, contributing 10,825 spirometry visits. Results Among PLWH, decreased FEV1 was associated with worse physical health for those with higher viral load [β: -1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.11 to -0.39] compared to those with viral suppression (β: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.06 to -0.162), even in those without airflow obstruction. Lower FEV1 was also associated with increased odds of both emergency department (odds ratio: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.34) and inpatient (odds ratio: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.42) hospitalizations for PLWH. Lung function was not associated with increased odds of acute care events for HIV-uninfected participants. Conclusions FEV1 declines represent an independent predictor of QOL and acute care events among PLWH. Although the generalizability of these results may be limited, because of the high-risk population included, findings suggest that care for PLWH should involve monitoring FEV1 over time, especially in those with poor virologic control, with emphasis on the development and implementation of interventions to mitigate lung function decline.
Firm performance and market expansion from the point of view of resources

Resource-based theory has been widely employed in the research of various marketing and management topics to facilitate explanation and prediction of competitive advantages and performance outcomes. This paper establishes a cohesive theory of resources, starting from several basic axioms, by using systems science and the systemic yoyo model so that organisations and interactions between organisations can be well modelled. Specifically, we show, among others, when a firm develops a competitive advantage, why each capability is a resource, how dynamic capabilities are derivable from capabilities, when firm's performance can be improved, and why expanding into new markets can be risky but beneficial. Because of the approach taken in this paper, results and conclusions established herein are not subject to limitations and uncertainties of empirical analyses and can be generally employed in practical applications.
Peri-implant marginal mucosa defects: Classification and clinical management

Peri-implant marginal mucosa defects (PMMDs) are alterations of the peri-implant soft tissue architecture characterized by an apical discrepancy of the mucosal margin respective to its ideal position with or without exposure of transmucosal prosthetic components or the implant fixture surface. PMMDs may not only represent an esthetic concern but also predispose to biofilm accumulation and subsequent initiation and progression of peri-implant inflammatory diseases. A treatment-driven classification for tooth-bound, facial PMMDs in non-molar sites, consisting of three different levels of complexity, is proposed. Clinical recommendations pertaining to the prosthetic and surgical management of each type of PMMD, illustrated with practical examples, are provided with the purpose of facilitating decision-making processes in daily practice.
Immune Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies

The era of immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies began with the first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) study published by E [...].
Racial capitalism and student debt in the U.S.

This paper focuses on the current phase of Black resistance exemplified by the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, which urges us to recognize and reckon with the differential racial impact of stude...
Theorizing Rhetorics of Identity to Create Rhetorical Performativity as an Analytic

This chapter creates a theoretical frame using genre, performance, and rhetorical theories to examine autobiographical texts, providing an overview of the concept of identity in feminist and gender studies. Examining theories of self-representation and the body of such auto/biography theorists as Leigh Gilmore, Sidonie Smith, Barbara Smith, and Johnnie Stover, the chapter establishes a theoretical basis for exploring the rhetorical strategies of autobiography. Since this project seeks to extend the significant relationship between rhetoric and critical autobiography studies and to situate this study in both, the chapter explicitly addresses the rhetorical strategies involved in identity construction and the ways that fragments of identity become a recognizable narrative. Finally, using Anne Carson’s response to the fragmented poetry of Sappho and Eve Ewing’s layered archival approach to historical events, the chapter highlights the ways that identity construction through genre becomes recognizable, even if the form is experimental or “fragmented.” Using feminist rhetorical methodologies (Royster and Kirsch, Rawson), this chapter highlights the ways that writers challenge traditional form and suggests the multiple ways that form and content become political acts not only about identity but also about genre.
Identifying habitat selection via Fauna of Hor Al-Dalmaj and its surrounding terrestrial Areas, Iraq by using ArcGIS

Abstract The current study aims to shading light on the most important hotspot in Hor Al-Dalmaj, southern Iraq As a result of increased human growth, over-hunting of birds, and ongoing threats to the ecosystem, there is an urgent need to identify Habitat selection through Fauna in Hor Delmaj, as they are the most threatened by hunters, and it serves as a stoplight for thousands of migratory birds. From September 2020 to March 2021, an ecological survey was conducted to collect data on Fauna and review the results. In Kernel Density Estimation Modeling in ArcGIS, 200 checklists were generated and divided into 349 points in the LFC analysis file. The observed maximum value KDE of habitat selection by fauna is 24.84 km2, which is known as core habitat. KDE is not well guarded or is not securely shielded from hunters.
Forced Vibrations of Cable Networks

Forced vibration response is investigated for hyperbolic paraboloid cable networks composed of a linkage of straight members connected by frictionless pins with concentrated masses lumped at the connection points. Newmark’s β\N method is used for evaluation of the dynamic response through both a linear and a nonlinear formulation. The linear and nonlinear responses are compared and conclusions drawn regarding the extent to which the nonlinear aspects of the structural response must be considered.
Collaborative Information Environments for Innovative Communities of Practice

In the information age, lifelong learning and collaboration are essential aspects of most innovative work. Fortunately, the computer technology which drives the information explosion also has the potential to help individuals and teams to learn much of what they need to know on demand. In particular, computer-based systems on the Internet can be designed to capture knowledge as it is generated within a community of practice and to deliver relevant knowledge when it is useful. Computer-based design environments for skilled domain workers have recently graduated from research prototypes to commercial products, supporting the learning of individual designers. Such systems do not, however, adequately support the collaborative nature of work or the evolution of knowledge within communities of practice. If innovation is to be supported within collaborative efforts, these domain-oriented design environments (DODEs) must be extended to become collaborative information environments (CIEs), capable of providing effective community memories for managing information and learning within constantly evolving collaborative contexts.
Portable optical microscope-on-a-chip

In this paper, we present a novel high resolution optical imaging device on chip. It is based on a line of nano holes defined in an optically opaque aluminum film on a CMOS imaging sensor chip. Because it's free of bulky optical elements and compatible to the planar micro fabrication process, it is very promising to become an important component for the on-chip high resolution imaging in the future. The fabrication and operation of this novel on-chip microscope is explained in details. The performance is evaluated theoretically and is verified experimentally by examining the profile of a laser spot formed by a 10X objective lens.
Transcapillary protein leakage and fluid movement. Effect of venous pressure.

Abstract The effect of elevating venous pressure ( ΔP v ) on the transcapillary escape of albumin ( Q T ) in control and papverinized gracilis muscles perfused at constant flow was determined by means of direct monitoring of the rate of accumulation of tissue 125 I-labeled albumin radioactivity. Simultaneously, transcapillary fluid movement (FM) was assessed volumetrically. Under control isovolumetric conditions, Q T = 2.25 mg/min · 100 g. In addition to causing an FM of 0.03 ml/min · 100 g · mm Hg, increasing P v enhanced Q T by 0.06 mg/min · 100 g · mm Hg. Papverinization itself decreased Q T to 2.0 mg/min · 100 g and affected FM only slightly. However, the superposition of P v elevation caused a FM of 0.008 ml/min · 100 g · mm Hg and resulted in Q T increasing by 0.29 mg/min · 100 g · mm Hg. The results of this study indicate that Q T is sensitive to changes in microvascular hemodynamics, and thus changes in microvascular pressure may affect FM in two ways, first by increasing the transcapillary pressure gradient and second by augmenting Q T which may superimpose an oncotic adjunct to FM.
Does the Concentration of Oxidative and Inflammatory Biomarkers Differ by Haptoglobin Genotype in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract The haptoglobin (Hp) 2 allele directly predicts coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes, potentially due to its decreased antioxidative/anti-inflammatory properties. We measured the concentrations of oxidative/inflammatory biomarkers (urinary 15-isoprostane F2t [IsoP], α- and γ-tocopherol, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], white blood cell [WBC] count, fibrinogen, and adiponectin) thrice during 20 years of follow-up among 454 individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (mean baseline age, 28 years and diabetes duration, 19 years). Differences in biomarkers by Hp were assessed both at baseline (i.e., the first time point of measurements) and over time (with mixed models). No differences by Hp were observed at baseline with the exception of a significant trend toward higher IsoP concentrations with the number of Hp 2 alleles (p=0.01). In multivariable mixed models, the concentrations of IsoP (β=0.05, p=0.01) and WBC count (β=0.20, p=0.06) overtime...
Alcohol, sleep deprivation, and driving speed effects upon control use during driving.

An instrumented car was driven through a simple, short, pylon-defined, serpentine course on each of four experimental days, on four consecutive trials each day, after ingestion of an alcohol or a p...
A practical constant time sorting network

The authors propose a novel VLSI sorting network implementing Leighton's column sort. The network is mech-based and modular; it consists of comparison-exchange processing elements (PEs), routing paths, and short broadcast buses. Each bus contains a small number of simple switches that the authors call shift switches. They enhance and simplify the previously proposed shift switching mechanism to obtain an efficient O(1) VLSI-optimal sorting algorithm. From a theoretical perspective, the new approach reduces significantly both the number of PEs (from N/sup 2/ to N/sup 13/9/) and the number of broadcasts from more than 58 bus broadcasts, each over N switches, to at most 16 bus broadcasts, each over N/sup 4/9/ switches. From a practical standpoint, the network features a significant time-performance gain in comparison with the bitonic sorting circuit, especially when multiple smaller size arrays are sorted in parallel. >
Plasma Membrane Lesions In Anthracycline-Resistant Tumor Cells Probed Using A Fluorescent Dye

Human cancer cells selected for resistance to several structurally unrelated cytotoxic drugs are known to display plasma membrane alterations such as amplified levels of a variety of glycoproteins, modifications in lipid composition, alterations in membrane fluidity and increased cellular fragility to osmotic shock. We have studied the plasma membrane fluidity of HL60 human leukemia cells and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that have been selected for acquired resistance against the cytocidal effects of the anthracycline anticancer drug Adriamycin. Fluidity measurements were accomplished by evaluating the fluorescence anisotropy of the plasma membrane specific probe trimethylamino-1,6-dipihenylhexatriene (TMA.DPH) bound to whole, living cells. TMA.DPH anisotropy values for MCF-7 sensitive and 12-fold resistant cells were 0.306 and 0.285, respectively, while anisotropy values for HL-60 sensitive and 80-fold resistant cells lines were 0.310 and 0.295, respectively. In all cases, cell viability exceeded 97% and anisotropy values were subject to a day-to-day uncertainty of ±2%. Our results demonstrate that increased plasma membrane fluidity apparently accompanies the development of resistance in both cell lines. Because it is known that increased membrane fluidity results in significantly decreased Adriamycin binding in artificial membrane systems, we propose here that decreased drug associations with fluidized, plasma membrane lipid bilayer regions may be a mechanism which contributes, in part, to the reduced rates of drug accumulation observed in HL60 and MCF-7 cells resistant to Adriamycin.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Teenagers are right--parents do not know much: an analysis of adolescent-parent agreement on reports of adolescent substance use, abuse, and dependence

Background: Previous studies have shown that when assessing child psychopathology, parents tend to report more symptoms than children for externalizing disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whereas children tend to report more symptoms for internalizing disorders such as major depression. Whether for clinical or research purposes, parents are also frequently asked to report on their children's experiences with alcohol and drugs. The purpose of this study was to analyze correspondence between adolescent and parent reports of adolescent substance use and abuse or dependence. Methods: In the current study, 591 subjects 12 to 17 years old were interviewed using the child version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (C-SSAGA) as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). One parent was also interviewed about each adolescent using the parent version of the C-SSAGA. Sensitivities, specificities, and kappa coefficients were calculated to assess parental agreement with adolescent reports of lifetime substance use and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Third Revision substance abuse or dependence. Results: The results indicate that parents are somewhat knowledgeable about their children's use of substances, particularly those that are used most commonly. For example, 55% of adolescents who had smoked cigarettes, 50% who had used alcohol, and 47% who had used marijuana had a parent who knew that they used. However, parents were less aware of substance-related problems experienced by their offspring, agreeing with adolescent reports only 27% of the time for diagnoses of alcohol abuse or dependence and 26% of the time for diagnoses of marijuana abuse or dependence. Parent reports added few cases of substance use for 12- to 13 year-olds and essentially no cases for 16- to 17-year-olds. Parent reports added a nominal number of diagnoses of substance abuse or dependence for older adolescents. Conclusions: Whether for clinical or research purposes, the results emphasize the importance of directly assessing adolescents regarding alcohol and other substance use disorders. Furthermore, investigators should consider the specific disorder(s) being investigated and the ages of the children being studied when determining whether to include parent reports as part of study design. Language: en
Combinations of maximum urinary flow rate and American Urological Association symptom index that are more specific for identifying obstructive and non‐obstructive prostatism

Uroflowmetry and the American Urological Association symptom index (AUASI) are often used clinically to evaluate patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Since results from these tests may be used to determine a treatment course, including surgical intervention, we investigated if specific combinations of uroflowmetry and AUASI parameters could better predict urodynamically confirmed prostatic obstruction. Data from 134 men (mean age: 67.8 +/- 8.9 years) with prostatism were analyzed. The patients underwent uroflowmetry in the standing position after completing the AUASI; the post-void residual volume (PVR) was determined. The presence and severity of prostatic obstruction was assessed by video urodynamics, which included micturitional urethral pressure profilometry (MUPP). Of the 134 total patients, 66 were found to be obstructed by MUPP. Correlations of maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), PVR, and AUASI with the degree of obstruction were poor and not substantially improved using combinations of these parameters. Threshold values of Qmax and AUASI, when used in combination, allowed accurate prediction of obstruction or non-obstruction in a small subset of the patient population. Of 14 men with both Qmax or = 20, 13 were obstructed (specificity = 98%). Eight of 9 men with both Qmax > or = 15 ml/s and AUASI < 10 were non-obstructed. The combined Qmax and AUASI criteria categorized only 20% of the patients as obstructed or non-obstructed. Once other causes of urinary dysfunction are ruled out, use of these criteria will enable the urologist to make an accurate diagnosis of obstruction, select a treatment more likely to benefit the patient, and make further diagnostic testing unnecessary in this small subset of patients. In a large volume clinical practice of adult male voiding dysfunctions, diagnosis of even this small proportion of patients using this simple approach can reduce patient care costs.
The Further Development of Fluid Mappers

Fluid mappers can be built to simulate, and lead to the solution of a great many field situations in electrostatics, electromagnetics, eddy currents, heat conduction, and other analogous cases. Distributed sources, as well as ordinary sources, may be represented. Fluid mapper techniques are well enough developed so that many fields now can be simulated with sufficient accuracy, by applying tested routines to building and operating the mappers. But like all other devices, fluid mappers have their own special problems, troubles, and limitations. Also, they will be called upon to go beyond the limits within which the writer's work has been carried out. Further invention, research, and development of additional techniques are called for. By pointing out the problems and limitations, the paper does two things. First, those who are building fluid mappers for teaching, research, or application, are assisted in understanding the limitations and in minimizing inherent effects tending to reduce accuracy. Second, the numerous problems and needs described should invite interested workers, graduate students especially, to tackle the tasks that will lead to more and bettered techniques, a broadening of the range of work to which mappers may be applied, and an increase in the knowledge required for designing fluid mappers for particular jobs. Two phenomena occurring within certain distributed sources are described and named. It can at least be said that both are relatively unknown; and one of them may be new.
Development of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing method and use of capillary zone electrophoresis in hepatitis B vaccine RECOMBIVAX HB

The hepatitis B virus vaccine consists of a major surface antigen called HBsAg, which is a lipid-bound protein that self-assembles into 22 nm spherical noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). The HBsAg VLP particles are expressed in yeast and have been well-characterized biochemically and biophysically employing various analytical techniques. In fact, a CZE method has been developed for monitoring process purification of the hepatitis B vaccine. Another CE-based method, imaged capillary IEF (icIEF) has been used extensively in the field of protein-based drug development as a tool for product identification,stability monitoring, and characterization. Here we describe the development of the icIEF method using the iCE280 instrument from ProteinSimple for measuring the pI and monitoring the profiles of HBsAg VLP particles. This method was applied to characterize the stability of the HBsAg VLP particles in three different formulation buffers. The results show that HBsAg VLP particles have a pI of 2.7 and it is one of most acidic particles that we have measured by icIEF. In addition to icIEF, we have also employed a CZE method to measure the electrophoretic mobility of HBsAg VLP particles and compared the results with icIEF and dynamic light scattering methods, showing consistent correlation among the three methods in terms of HBsAg VLP particles aggregation.
Automated trajectory synthesis for hypersonic vehicles using energy management and variational calculus techniques

Abstract A generalized algorithm based on energy management techniques and calculus of variations is discussed for determining optimal trajectories of hypersonic vehicles. This method employs both techniques simultaneously such that they augment each other in obtaining the optimum path. A simulation algorithm consisting of guidance and control and numerical integration aspects is briefly described. A generic vehicle for maximizing the payload into orbit is used for testing the algorithm and the resulting optimal trajectories are presented.
Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: An electrodiagnostic study.

Introduction: Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) is an increasingly recognized CIDP subtype. Differentiating A-CIDP from Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is challenging but important, because there are different treatment outcomes. Methods: We report 3 patients with A-CIDP who were initially diagnosed with severe GBS but were later confirmed to have CIDP based on their clinical course and electrodiagnostic (EDx) studies. We also report on the long-term treatment of these patients and review the literature on EDx studies in this syndrome. Results: Three patients were initially diagnosed with GBS and responded to treatment. However, all 3 had arrest in improvement or deterioration during their rehabilitation phases. EDx studies showed prominent demyelinating changes many months after the initial presentation. All responded very well to immunotherapy. Conclusion: Although several features may suggest the diagnosis of A-CIDP at initial presentation, close follow-up of GBS patients during the recovery phase is also needed for accurate diagnosis. EDx studies may distinguish patients with A-CIDP from GBS patients. Muscle Nerve 52: 900–905, 2015
Maternal recognition of individual infant squirrel monkeys from isolation call playbacks.

Responses of six squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) mothers to playback of a single call type, the "isolation peep," made by their own infants were tested after mothers and infants had been separated for more than a week. The playback tapes were edited from tapes containing mixed vocal material recorded when infants and mothers could see but not touch each other. Mothers showed recognition of their own infants compared to other familiar infants by increases in four measures of proximity to the speaker. These data provide evidence that maternal recognition of infants by means of acoustic cues is possible when the test stimuli consist of examples of a single call type with demonstrated individuality.
Sex allocation and egg distribution of an autoparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

. 1. Encarsia pergandiella Howard females develop as primary parasitoids on immature whiteflies, and males develop as secondary parasitoids on females of their own or a related species. The hypothesis that the sex ratio reflects the relative abundance of the two host types was tested in the laboratory using petri dish arenas with varying proportions of early fourth instar greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum (West.)) (primary hosts) and pupal female E.pergandiella (secondary hosts). Egg distribution was analysed with respect to sex ratio, super-parasitism and host discrimination. 2. The proportion of primary and secondary hosts parasitized in each treatment reflected the relative availability of each host type. Thus females presented with 75% primary hosts laid more female eggs than male. However, in all treatments, a greater proportion of secondary hosts were parasitized than would be expected from the proportion of secondary hosts available. This indicates that more male eggs were laid than expected. 3. More secondary hosts than primary hosts were superparasitized. 4. Host discrimination analysis using a new test statistic showed that females generally laid eggs at random with regard to previous parasitism of primary or secondary hosts. However, females in one treatment with 50% of each host type appeared to preferentially oviposit in secondary hosts which did not contain any eggs.
Major venous resection during total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background The feasibility of total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (TLPD) has been established. Laparoscopic major venous resection during TLPD has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to describe the technique and outcomes of patients undergoing TLPD with major venous resection.
The Admissibility of the R-PAS in Court

The admissibility of the Rorschach has been a concern of forensic psychologists for many years. The focus of this debate has been the Comprehensive System, which is the most researched of the current Rorschach Systems available in the USA. However, recently, a new, competing system has been published: the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS; Meyer et al., Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, Coding, Interpretation, and Technical Manual, 2011). Using Heilbrun’s (Law and Human Behavior 16:257–272, 1992) guidelines as a framework, we examine the admissibility of this new system according to the standards outlined in Daubert (1993) and Frye (1923). We conclude that we have reservations about the admissibility of the R-PAS in court at the present time, notwithstanding ongoing work on this system.
Ultraviolet Spectral Sensitivity Characteristics of Photomultipliers Having Quartz and Glass Envelopes

The ultraviolet spectral response characteristics of several 1P28 photomultipliers constructed in quartz envelopes, and of conventional 1P28 photomultipliers in glass were measured using a vacuum grating monochromator equipped with a thermocouple for measuring the absolute energy at the exit slit. The radiation source was a hydrogen discharge tube. The quartz multipliers were found to respond to 1550A and the glass multipliers to 1750A. The limits and response near the limits were determined by the absorption of the respective envelopes. Each type responded to a small extent at wavelengths below the enevlope transmission limits, because of fluorescence of the envelope. The response at 2537A varied over the same range for both types.
Agglomeration and spillovers in a simultaneous framework

Previous studies have emphasized reduced transaction costs, knowledge spillovers, diverse intermediate goods suppliers, and deep labor pools as possible drivers of firm agglomeration. Among these candidates, knowledge spillovers lie at the heart of discussions in the literature. If knowledge spillovers are so important, it follows that firms tend to locate in proximity to capitalize on the knowledge stock in neighboring firms. Therefore, agglomeration and spillovers reinforce each other. However, most existing empirical studies ignore the potential endogenous relationship between the two. Moreover, few studies have even attempted to measure knowledge spillovers. In this paper, I address both issues by developing and estimating a simultaneous equation model of agglomeration and knowledge spillovers. The results suggest that traditional single equation models do indeed suffer endogeneity and that the accuracy of the estimation can be substantially improved by employing a simultaneous system.
Effect of carbenoid structure on the reactivity of rhodium-stabilized carbenoids

Abstract The outcome of rhodium(II) pivalate catalyzed decomposition of diaozoacetates in the presence of cyclohexane is highly dependent on carbenoid structure. Carbenoids derived from phenyldiazoacetates or diazoketoesters undergo high yielding intermolecular CH insertions while other carbenoid systems undergo rearrangements, dimerization or trimerization.
Serotonergic measures in suicide brain: The concentration of 5-HIAA, HVA, and tryptophan in frontal cortex of suicide victims

Abstract Concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and tryptophan (TRP) were determined in the frontal cortex of individuals who died by suicide, homocide, accident, or the result of physical diseases. Females had significantly higher tryptophan concentrations than males. There was a significant correlation between HVA and the interval between death to refrigeration of the body. Mean HVA levels were higher from noon to 5 PM. Suicide and homicide victims had significantly higher cortical HVA concentrations than those who died of physical disease but not accident victims. This was not accounted for by gender, age, postmortem interval from death to refrigeration of the body or to autopsy, specimen storage time, or drug effects. The ratio of HVA/5-HIAA was also significantly higher in suicides compared with those who died of physical disease. No differences in cortical 5-HIAA or tryptophan concentrations between the four groups were found. There were no differences in the levels of the three substances in violent and nonviolent suicides. There were no significant correlations between 5-HIAA, HVA and TRP concentrations in all subjects or ant of the four subgroups. The implications of these findings for the role of serotonin and dopamine in suicide and violence are discussed.