cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring Synergy in Bicycle and Transit Use Empirical Evidence at Two Scales

With cycling on the rise in many U.S. cities, it is important to consider how other travel modes—especially transit—interact with bicycling. Some transportation experts worry that new bicycle trips substitute more for travel by transit than for travel by automobile; however, bicycling and transit may be more complementary than supplementary. Most research on these connections focuses on multimodal integration: cycling to, on, or from transit. This body of knowledge misses another key component of bicycle-transit synergy: potential long-term complementarity made possible by short-term substitution. A solid transit system provides options and security for bicycle riders to optimize daily mode choices; shifting some peak passenger loads to cycling may make transit service more reliable and entice new users. This study investigated those unexplored synergistic relationships between bicycling and transit use. Exploratory analyses were performed at two scales. First, changes in bicycle commuting in large U.S. u...
The Pathogenesis of Porcine Rectal Stricture: II. Experimental Salmonellosis and Ischemic Proctitis

Experimentally induced oral Salmonella typhimurium infection in pigs resulted in a severe, prolonged enterocolitis with ulcerative proctitis a constant feature. Healed lesions were annular cicatricial ulcers in the part of the rectum affected with rectal strictures. Strictures indistinguishable from the naturally occurring lesion were produced by injecting chlorpromazine into the cranial hemorrhoidal artery of three pigs. Dye injected into the cranial hemorrhoidal artery perfused the entire rectum in normal pigs, but in pigs with either rectal stricture or salmonella proctitis the dye halted at the cranial margin of the transverse mucosal defect. The predilection of rectal stricture and its proposed precursor, salmonella ulcerative proctitis, for the middle third of the rectum was attributed to a normally precarious arterial supply which renders the rectum unusually susceptible to ischemic injury and decreases its reparative capacity.
HiTi graph model of topographical road maps in navigation systems

In navigation systems, a primary task is to compute the minimum cost route from the current location to the destination. One of the major problems for navigation systems is that a significant amount of computation time is required to find a minimum cost path when the topographical road map is large. Since navigation systems are real time systems, it is critical that the path be computed while satisfying a time constraint. We propose a new graph model named HiTi (hierarchical multi graph model), for efficiently computing an optimal minimum cost path. Based on HiTi graph model, we propose a new single pair minimum cost path algorithm. We empirically show that our proposed algorithm performs far better than the traditional A* algorithm. Further, we empirically analyze our algorithm by varying both edge cost distribution and hierarchical level number of HiTi graphs.
Evidence of a latitudinal gradient in the age at onset of schizophrenia

Variation in the age at onset of a multifactorial disease often reflects variation in cause. Here we show a linear latitudinal gradient in the mean age at onset of schizophrenia in 13 northern hemisphere cities, ranging from 25 years old in Cali, Columbia (at 4° north) to 35 years old in Moscow, Russia (at 56° north). To our knowledge, this striking association has not been previously reported. We consider several explanations, including the effects of pathogen stress, natural selection, sexual selection, migration, life-history profiles, or some combination of these factors, and we propose a test of competing causal hypotheses. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Democratic Stability and Instability: The French Case

The outstanding characteristic of the French political system is its historical instability. Constitutional monarchy was overthrown by a revolution, replaced by a republic, which in turn quickly evolved into a dictatorship, and when it too was dismissed by an armed uprising, the interminable squabbles among the monarchist factions allowed another republic to come into existence by default. But for an “accident” of history this republic too would have given way to a dictatorship through the bloodless medium of the coup d'etat, but while the republic tottered on in the interwar period the life-span of its governments was calculated in terms of months rather than years, and with its “collapse” under the coup de grâce of military defeat a new dictatorship immediately sprang up to take its place, to be succeeded by another republic lasting for thirteen years amid constantly recurring cabinet crises, then falling in the wake of an eminently successful revolution, out of which emerged the present regime. Here we have what sociologists might label the “institutionalization of instability”, interpreted by a number of leading writers on French politics as the product of a deep-seated conflict between the “two Frances”, whether these two political subcultures are viewed as the parties of mouvement and of I'ordre etabli, or as the “administrative and representative traditions.”
Heterogeneous Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Catalyst Discovery and Optimization

High-throughput methods are utilized in the discovery and optimization of heterogeneous catalyst formulations that promote single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) synthesis. Catalyst compositions, substrates, and reaction conditions are varied to efficiently investigate SWNT growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A robotic microarray printer is employed to print libraries of the liquid-based catalyst precursors onto various substrates. After CVD, the catalyst arrays are qualitatively screened for yield via electron microscopy. More comprehensive characterization of candidate catalysts is further investigated with confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). Detailed CRS mapping reveals information concerning the printed catalyst and nanotube homogeneity in the microarrays. This powerful characterization approach allows for the high-throughput screening of nanotube type, diameter distribution, and purity within the microarrays. The methodology described has enabled the efficient exploration of synthesis parameters,...
Oral Chemotherapy Food and Drug Interactions: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Oral chemotherapies are associated with medication and food interactions. It is essential that health care providers evaluate patients' concurrent medications to provide accurate patient education, therapeutic monitoring, and alternative recommendations whenever oral chemotherapy is prescribed.
n -6 Fatty acid-specific and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Randomised controlled trials (RCT) of mixed n-6 and n-3 PUFA diets, and meta-analyses of their CHD outcomes, have been considered decisive evidence in specifically advising consumption of 'at least 5-10 % of energy as n-6 PUFA'. Here we (1) performed an extensive literature search and extracted detailed dietary and outcome data enabling a critical examination of all RCT that increased PUFA and reported relevant CHD outcomes; (2) determined if dietary interventions increased n-6 PUFA with specificity, or increased both n-3 and n-6 PUFA (i.e. mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA diets); (3) compared mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA to n-6 specific PUFA diets on relevant CHD outcomes in meta-analyses; (4) evaluated the potential confounding role of trans-fatty acids (TFA). n-3 PUFA intakes were increased substantially in four of eight datasets, and the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid was raised with specificity in four datasets. n-3 and n-6 PUFA replaced a combination of TFA and SFA in all eight datasets. For non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI)+CHD death, the pooled risk reduction for mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA diets was 22 % (risk ratio (RR) 0.78; 95 % CI 0.65, 0.93) compared to an increased risk of 13 % for n-6 specific PUFA diets (RR 1.13; 95 % CI 0.84, 1.53). Risk of non-fatal MI+CHD death was significantly higher in n-6 specific PUFA diets compared to mixed n-3/n-6 PUFA diets (P = 0.02). RCT that substituted n-6 PUFA for TFA and SFA without simultaneously increasing n-3 PUFA produced an increase in risk of death that approached statistical significance (RR 1.16; 95 % CI 0.95, 1.42). Advice to specifically increase n-6 PUFA intake, based on mixed n-3/n-6 RCT data, is unlikely to provide the intended benefits, and may actually increase the risks of CHD and death.
Decoupled Hardware Support for Distributed Shared Memory

This paper investigates hardware support for fine-grain distributed shared memory (DSM) in networks of workstations. To reduce design time and implementation cost relative to dedicated DSM systems, we decouple the functional hardware components of DSM support, allowing greater use of off-the-shelf devices.We present two decoupled systems, Typhoon-0 and Typhoon-1. Typhoon-0 uses an off-the-shelf protocol processor and network interface; a custom access control device is the only DSM-specific hardware. To demonstrate the feasibility and simplicity of this access control device, we designed and built an FPGA-based version in under one year. Typhoon-1 also uses an off-the-shelf protocol processor, but integrates the network interface and access control devices for higher performance.We compare the performance of the two decoupled systems with two integrated systems via simulation. For six benchmarks on 32 nodes, Typhoon-0 ranges from 30% to 309% slower than the best integrated system, while Typhoon-1 ranges from 13% to 132% slower. Four of the six benchmarks achieve speedups of 12 to 18 on Typhoon-0 and 15 to 26 on Typhoon-1, compared with 19 to 35 on the best integrated system. Two benchmarks are hampered by high communication overheads, but selectively replacing shared-memory operations with message passing provides speedups of at least 16 on both decoupled systems. These speedups indicate that decoupled designs can potentially provide a cost-effective alternative to complex high-end DSM systems.
Role of Angiotensin and Its Inhibition in Hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Heart Failure

This is a personal historical account relating the events that led to the first application of angiotensin inhibition (either by ACE inhibitors or by angiotensin receptor blockade) to the investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Included are animal experiments, clinical observations, and the earliest clinical experimental studies that helped define some of the detrimental effects of angiotensin II and the beneficial hemodynamic results of its inhibition, which have been subsequently corroborated and amplified by large randomized outcome trials.
Post-Crisis Experiments in Development Finance Architectures: A Hirschmanian Perspective On ‘Productive Incoherence’

AbstractThe Asian and especially the global crisis of 2008 have catalyzed decentralization of the developing world’s financial governance architecture. I understand this state of affairs via the concept of “productive incoherence” which is apparent in a denser, multilayered development financial architecture that is emerging as a consequence of heterogeneous practical adjustments to changing circumstances rather than as the embodiment of a coherent doctrine. Drawing on Albert Hirschman, I argue that the absence of an encompassing theoretical blueprint for a new economic system—i.e. a new “ism” to replace neoliberalism—is in fact a vitally important virtue. If we cannot live without a new “ism,” I propose “Hirschmanian Possibilism” as a new doctrine—one that rejects an overarching theoretical framework from which to deduce the singly appropriate institutional structure of the economy. Hirschmanian Possibilism asserts instead the value of productive incoherence as a framework for pursuing democratic, ethica...
Understanding Sponsored Search: BAM!: Branding, Advertising, and Marketing for Sponsored Search

We knew it would be impactful when we saw that we could achieve profitability. When we could see that our ads and some of our syndication deals could actually cause a shift in business models. Marissa Mayer, First Vice President of Search Product and User Experience at Google, speaking about advertising and search Our frame shop is not in business to advertise. It is interested in selling products and services to generate revenue. But it must advertise to stay in business. So, it is first a business and then an advertiser. This is an important shift in perspective, one that has continually haunted advertising agencies. A good ad, for example, may be different from the viewpoint of the creator (i.e., is this ad creative, funny, catchy, or different?) than the businessperson (i.e., does this ad sell products?).
Miniature Lowpass Filters in Low Loss 9k7 LTCC

DuPont 9k7 low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) is a low loss, or high quality factor Q, tape system targeting at radio frequency (RF) applications. This paper reports the effect of a critical process parameter, heating rate, on the densification and dielectric properties of the 9k7 LTCC. The role of competing densification and crystallization during the sintering of 9k7 is discussed. The high Q of DuPont 9K7 can be used to improve RF system performance, for example a better receiver noise figure, by designing embedded passive RF components such as inductors, capacitors and filters. Miniaturized multilayer low pass filters (LPF) with a wide stopband were fabricated to showcase the technology.
Male-female differences in variables affecting performance

Literature concerning variables affecting performance levels of males and females was reviewed. Emphasis was placed on literature using both males and females as subjects in the areas of anthropometric, biomechanical, and physiological variables. When literature using both sexes as subjects was not available, comparable studies were considered for possible use.The results of this review indicate that there are sex differences in anthropometry with regard to body dimensions. In biomechanics, sex differences were noted in reach envelopes strength and flexibility in particular. Physiological differences were noted in responses to heat/cold stress and altitude. These differences were then applied to a performance matrix under the categories of sensory, process and control. Differences noted were either very specific or did not exist at all. This is due in part to a lack of research involving variables as they actually affect performance levels between males and females.
Menu success: a menu analysis of awarded fine dining restaurants and private clubs

Several organizations that bestow awards in the hospitality industry objectively measure numerous criteria within an operation to determine the level of service and degree of product quality offered to consumers. The achievement of these award(s) is an indicator of success. This study seeks to objectively measure and compare the menus of 61 decorated fine dining restaurants and private clubs. Each restaurant in the study has received the Distinguished Restaurants of North America (DiRoNA) award, and each private club in the study has been awarded the "Platinum Club of America" honor. Menus were received from 36 of the 40 (90%.) restaurant facilities, and 25 of the 38 (66%) private club facilities, and represent a wide array of operations and locations.
Acoustic Measurements of Multiple Pulse Detonation Engines Firing Out of Phase

The far-field acoustics of a system comprised of two pulse detonation engines are investigated to determine the effects of geometric and timing parameters. Initially a comparison is made between a single detonation tube and the dual-tube system to isolate the effects of adding the second tube. Then a study is conducted in which the firing time delay between the detonation tubes is varied to determine if any leading shock interactions affect the far-field noise. It is found that tubes fired perfectly out of phase result in the greatest overall sound pressure levels. Further investigation is made into the cross-talk between the detonation tubes, and it is found that although each detonation tube experiences a weakened form of the leading shock from the adjacent tube, there is no significant effect on the detonation cycles due to tube interactions. A final study quantifies the effects of the separation distances of the detonation tubes.
Injury Equivalency as a Basis for Developing Multiple-Species Economic Injury Levels

A technique for developing and using multiple-species economic injury levels (EILs) is proposed, discussed, and evaluated. Grouping insects into injury guilds, based on the plant’s physiological response to the injury, forms the theoretical basis for the multiple-species approach. In addition, a method for estimating crop injury, using an injury equivalency system, is proposed as a technique for refining the accuracy of EIL-based decision making. A detailed discussion concerning the theory and assumptions behind multiple-species EILs and injury equivalency is presented. As an example of the usefulness of the proposed system, we present data on a leaf-mass consuming insect guild on determinate soybeans. The paradigm includes an extensive review of defoliation-yield loss relationships for soybean and the calculation of EILs at four crop growth stages. Consumption data for five common soybean defoliators were also reviewed. These data were converted to equivalency coefficients based on the relative consumption potential of each species. With this system, each species within a guild can be related to every other species on the basis of its ability to contribute to overall injury. Finally, we present actual data for a leaf-mass soybean consuming guild and relate sampling information to the EIL. The result is a refined estimate of injury when species and size class consumption differences are incorporated in the estimate. Perhaps more significant, however, is the usefulness of the technique in assessing host injury, in economic terms, from multiple insect pests.
Speed of sound estimation with active PZT element for thermal monitoring during ablation therapy: feasibility study

Controlling the thermal dose during ablation therapy is instrumental to successfully removing the tumor while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue. In the practical scenario, surgeons must be able to determine the ablation completeness in the tumor region. Various methods have been proposed to monitor it, one of which uses ultrasound since it is a common intraoperative imaging modality due to its non-invasive, cost-effective, and convenient natures. In our approach, we propose to use time of flight (ToF) information to estimate speed of sound changes. Accurate speed of sound estimation is crucial because it is directly correlated with temperature change and subsequent determination of ablation completeness. We divide the region of interest in a circular fashion with a variable radius from the ablator tip. We introduce the concept of effective speed of sound in each of the sub-regions. Our active PZT element control system facilitates this unique approach by allowing us to acquire one-way ToF information between the PZT element and each of the ultrasound elements. We performed a simulation and an experiment to verify feasibility of this method. The simulation result showed that we could compute the effective speed of sound within 0.02m/s error in our discrete model. We also perform a sensitivity analysis for this model. Most of the experimental results had less than 1% error. Simulation using a Gaussian continuous model with multiple PZT elements is also demonstrated. We simulate the effect of the element location one the optimization result.
The Fantasy of Emperor Wu in The Story of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

The Story of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty is mainly about emperor's activities on persuiting after Immortal,mixed with some fantastic legends.The image of emperor wu is full of fantasy.It will make great importance on the study of the novel's thoughts while grasping this feature.In this paperwork,we are trying to analysis this image,searching for its fantasy and its influence to Chinese literature.
Applied Scope of the Extinctive Prescriptions

The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions is the scope of the civil legal relations and civil rights in which the extinctive prescriptions can be applied. The applied scope of the extinctive prescriptions can be classfied into three kinds:"the extinction of obligatory properties"; "the extinction of obligatory rights and other non-ownership properties" and "the extinction of rights of claim (rights of action)". The state properties are limited by the extinctive prescriptions. The prescription of arbitration belongs to the extinctive prescriptions.
Prevalence and Incidence of Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer in Asymptomatic Persons

The prevalence of colorectal adenomatous polyps varies widely from country to country and is highly correlated with colorectal cancer incidence rates in each country. The prevalence of adenomas reported in older studies was based on autopsy findings and is higher than that in more recent studies based on endoscopy findings. Among asymptomatic, average-risk patients, adenoma prevalence averages approximately 10% in sigmoidoscopy studies and more than 25% in colonoscopy studies, whereas the prevalence of colorectal cancer among these patients is less than 1%. The cumulative incidence of new adenomas within 3 years after normal endoscopy averages about 7% by flexible sigmoidoscopy and 27% by colonoscopy.
Characterization and Predictive Value of Near Infrared 2-Deoxyglucose Optical Imaging in Severe Acute Pancreatitis.

Background Studying the uptake of 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) analogs such as 2-Deoxy-2-[18F] fluoroglucose (FDG) is a common approach to identify and monitor malignancies and more recently chronic inflammation. While pancreatitis is a common cause for false positive results in human studies on pancreatic cancer using FDG, the relevance of these findings to acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown. FDG has a short half-life. Thus, with an aim to accurately characterize the metabolic demand of the pancreas during AP in real-time, we studied the uptake of the non-radioactive, near infrared fluorescence labelled 2-deoxyglucose analog, IRDye® 800CW 2-DG probe (NIR 2-DG; Li-Cor) during mild and severe biliary AP. Methods Wistar rats (300 g; 8–12/group) were administered NIR 2-DG (10 nM; I.V.). Mild and severe biliary AP were respectively induced by biliopancreatic duct ligation (DL) alone or along with infusing glyceryl trilinoleate (GTL; 50 μL/100 g) within 10 minutes of giving NIR 2-DG. Controls (CON) only received NIR 2-DG. Imaging was done every 5–10 minutes over 3 hrs. Average Radiant Efficiency [p/s/cm²/sr]/[μW/cm²] was measured over the pancreas using the IVIS 200 in-vivo imaging system (PerkinElmer) using the Living Image® software and verified in ex vivo pancreata. Blood amylase, lipase and pancreatic edema, necrosis were measured over the course of AP. Results NIR 2-DG uptake over the first hour was not influenced by AP induction. However, while the signal declined in controls and rats with mild AP, there was significantly higher retention of NIR 2-DG in the pancreas after 1 hour in those with GTL pancreatitis. The increase was > 3 fold over controls in the GTL group and was verified to be in the pancreas ex vivo. In vitro, pancreatic acini exposed to GTL had a similar increase in NIR 2-DG uptake which was followed by progressively worse acinar necrosis. Greater retention of NIR 2-DG in vivo was associated with worse pancreatic necrosis, reduced ATP concentrations and mortality, which were not predicted by the blood parameters. Conclusion In-vivo fluorescent imaging of a non-radioactive near infrared 2-DG optical probe can predict the AP severity early during the disease.
Indications and Outcome of PPM and ICD Placement

The use of synchronized atrioventricular (AV) pacing devices and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) plays a critical role in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Indications for pacing and defibrillators follow the standard guidelines for treatment of conduction disease and arrhythmias in the general population, with distinct additional indications for HCM patients based on the potential to mitigate diastolic dysfunction and outflow tract gradients, and the potential for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. ICDs can be a life-saving therapy in high-risk HCM patients, but the early placement of these devices in younger patients may expose them to a higher lifetime risk of complications. Given the unique nature of HCM, specific procedural and programming considerations should be taken into account.
Black-White Mortality Differentials at Old-Age: New Evidence from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study*

We investigate the old-age mortality experience of selected cohorts born between 1898 and 1915. Using large samples from the 2013 release of the National Longitudinal Mortality Survey (NLMS) and single-year age grouping, we provide new evidence on the black advantage in old-age survival. Analyzing cohort age-specific morality rates and survival curves from cohort life tables, we observe a black mortality disadvantage that was present at ages 70–75, then narrowed, and completely disappeared by age 85. There is some evidence that mortality is lower for blacks than it is for whites at ages 85–90, consistent with a crossover in age-specific mortality around age 85. However, a distinct crossover age threshold followed by consistently lower age-specific death rates for blacks was not observed. We discuss our results in the context of recent cohort evidence from survey data as well as the literature on black-white mortality crossover.
The use of ivacaftor in CFTR mutations resulting in residual functioning protein

Introduction Ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) potentiator is currently approved for use in individuals with class III gating mutations and the R117H mutation, a non-gating mutation with residual functioning CFTR. Nevertheless, ivacaftor may also be effective in individuals who have CF mutations giving rise to a residual functioning protein. However, aside from case reports involving a single patient, little data exist on the use of ivacaftor in such individuals.
Study of maintaining stable SSPM-based detector gain by active bias control

It is well known that the gain and noise of solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) is sensitive to the temperature, which is a big concern for its practical applications. In this study, we tested a simple method to maintain the overall detector signal output level (namely detector gain which includes factors of photon intensity, wavelength and SSPM gain) at different temperatures by active bias control (ABC), which measures the SSPM bias voltage as a function of temperature under the same detector output gain and uses it as a calibration for gain stability control. The experiment setup includes a laser LED (US-Lasers D650-5) as an input light source, a SSPM (Hammatsu MPPC), a enclosure box for the temperature control from 25 C to 37 C, a temperature sensor at the precision of 0.25 C, a bias control power supply with precision 0.01V and the dedicated detector readout electronics with an ASIC and FPGA-based signal processing and acquisition. All measurements, calibration, and control were automated with LabView based software. The measured bias-temperature relationship under the same detector gain shows a linear curve with a slop of 0.0565 VIC, matching with the vendor's specification. The results show that ABC can achieve high precision for detector gain stability control: the measured gain variations were within 1 % with gain stability control and ~70% without gain stability control, over the temperature ranging from 25 C to 37 C. In summary, the method is simple, straightforward for implementation, and effective to control the gain variations for SSPM-based detector.
Presynaptic Membrane Turnover and Transmitter Release at the Calyx of Held

Presynaptic neurotransmitter release parallels vigorous vesicle recycling, by which synapses ensure efficient vesicle replenishment, release site clearance, protein sorting, and structural integrity. Four membrane retrieval pathways have been proposed at nerve terminals, but controversy remains regarding the endocytic modes, underlying molecules, and physiological functions despite decades of tremendous effort. In particular, the recent findings on ultrafast endocytosis and dynamin-independent vesicle generation from rapidly retrieved bulk membrane challenge the previous recycling diagram and raise many interesting new questions. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests several important roles of endocytosis during fast synaptic transmission, in addition to its well-characterized function in vesicle resupply. Dynamin is a large GTPase, and it is required for clathrin-mediate endocytosis and maintaining readily releasable vesicle pool at synapses. Perturbations of this fission machinery offer a useful way to gain insights into cell physiology of membrane turnover at central synapses. Here, we summarize our recent work at the calyx of Held synapse, a fast glutamatergic terminal in the auditory brainstem. We found that multiple dynamin isoforms co-express at the calyx of Held and show isoform specific up regulation during development. Depending on the synaptic activity, dynamin-mediated endocytosis is required for several synaptic functions including vesicle genesis, transmitter release, short-term plasticity, quantal size stability, and calyx structure formation in vivo. We will discuss the role of dynamin in synaptic development, vesicle exo-endocytosis coupling, and the potential feedback from endocytosis at endocytic zones to exocytosis at active zones during fast transmitter release.
The Psychometrics of the Mini-K: Evidence From Two College Samples

Many published studies have employed the Mini-K to measure a single fast–slow life history dimension. However, the internal structure of the Mini-K has not been determined and it is not clear that ...
Direct power control of a doubly fed induction generator wind power system with seamless transition between stand-alone and grid-connected modes

This paper describes a direct power control (DPC) strategy used for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy system. The system operates in stand-alone (SA) and can connect to the grid through smooth transition. The proposed control structure is capable of regulating the stator voltage and frequency for an isolated load in case of grid outage. Also, when grid is available, it can control the stator voltage phase to be synchronized with grid voltage and connect with seamless transition to the grid. The basic structure of DPC method consists of hysteresis-based controller (HBC) and switching table that are used in both SA and grid-connected (GC) modes. The proposed control strategy is analyzed, simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and PSIM, and also validated experimentally using a 7.5 hp DFIG laboratory set up.
Digestion, Habit, and Being at Home: Hegel and the Gut as Ambiguous Other

Recent work in the philosophy of biology argues that we must rethink the biological individual beyond the boundary of the species, given that a key part of our essential functioning is carried out by the bacteria in our intestines in a way that challenges any strictly genetic account of what is involved for the biological human. The gut is a kind of ambiguous other within our understanding of ourselves, particularly when we also consider the status of gastro-intestinal disorders. Hegel offers us theoretical tools to describe and understand our relationship to our gut. His description of our selves as continually mediated through otherness is strikingly compatible with the kind of structure contemporary biology presents us with. His accounts of digestion and habit, contextualized by his logic, help point toward an understanding of selfhood as porous and yet still capable of being sufficiently unified for us to make sense of ourselves, one which allows us to acknowledge otherness within us while still having enough unity for agency.
A new companion for Mercator

ABSTRACTThe inappropriate use of the Mercator projection has declined but still occasionally occurs. One method of contrasting the Mercator projection is to present an alternative in the form of an equal area projection. The map projection derived here is thus not simply a pretty Christmas tree ornament: it is instead a complement to Mercator’s conformal navigation anamorphose and can be displayed as an alternative. The equations for the new map projection preserve the latitudinal stretching of the Mercator while adjusting the longitudinal spacing. This allows placement of the new map adjacent to that of Mercator. The surface area, while drastically warped, maintains the correct magnitude.
Global asymptotic stability in a model of networks

ABSTRACTGlobal asymptotic stability is of importance from a theoretical as well as an application point of view in several fields. We study a system of cubic polynomials that models biological networks. We classify the equilibria and show that the property that the interconnection matrix is Lyapunov diagonally stable is a key feature that determines convergence to a single equilibrium. The results are applied to chains of negative edges, cycles, and to interconnected graphs. We give numerical examples and study network graphs obtained from a model of the Drosophila circadian clock.
Laser beam ellipticity and microstructural control in metal additive manufacturing

Spatial beam profile tailoring is a potential means for microstructural control during laser additive manufacturing. Microstructures produced by circular and elliptical laser profiles in 316L stainless steel single-tracks and applications to more general beam shapes are presented.
A model to describe neutron-induced dimensional changes in pyrolytic carbon

Abstract A model is presented that describes the dimensional behavior of pyrolytic carbon during irradiation by fast neutrons. The model uses crystallite averaging methods to describe the anisotropic distortion of the bulk in terms of its preferred orientation and the shape change of the individual crystallites. The densification is assumed to be independent of the shape change and is superimposed isotropically on it. The predictions of the model agree with experimental observations. Strain rates calculated from the model are used to estimate the suitability of various carbon structures for use as coatings on an unyielding support. For example, using a creep constant of 1× 10 −27 (nvt-psi) −1 at 1200°C, the model predicts that a carbon with a Bacon Anisotropy Factor (BAF) of 1.2 and apparent crystallite heights ( L c ) in the range 120–155A would not fail due to neutron-induced dimensional changes if its original density were greater than 2.0 g/cm 2 . Similarly, carbons with the same crystallite size but with BAF = 1.0 would not fail under the same conditions if their original densities were greater than 1.7 g/cm 3 .
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma With Unusual Cardiac Metastasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a very uncommon soft tissue malignancy which accounts for <1% of soft tissue sarcoma. It is a malignant and highly vascular tumor arising most commonly in the musculature of the lower extremities, with metastasis primarily to the lungs, bones, and brain. Cardiac metastasis is very rare and only 5 cases have been reported in the literature so far. We report a case of a young woman with a history of surgically resected alveolar soft part sarcoma of left thigh who presented with persistent dry cough and was found to have a cardiac mass, which on biopsy proved to be alveolar soft part sarcoma.
Theoretical Modeling of the Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Properties of Concrete

AbstractTo ensure safe operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) during their extended service life, comprehensive investigation of the behavior of concrete structures and their components under lon...
The Foundationalist Conflict in Husserl’s Rationalism

On pain of contradiction, Husserl cannot simultaneously maintain two of his central theses. He cannot both claim that apodicticity is the only acceptable standard of evidence for any philosophy that would be a rigorous science and concurrently maintain that philosophy must be free from aprioristic assumptions/presuppositions about its systematic final structure. I will show in this paper why this conjunction is a dilemma for Husserl and how he had three options for resolving it. Of the three, the one he chose most violated the spirit of his phenomeno-logical method and the one he should have chosen most violated his notion of philosophy/phenomenology as a rigorous science. My conclusion is that Heidegger was quite correct in claiming that phenomenology can only be practiced hermeneutically.
The Salting Down of Gertrude: Transgression and Preservation in Three Early German Carnival Plays

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it introduces a subgenre of the German carnival play to a wider audience by providing editions and translations of three fifteenth-century Bavarian texts on the theme of preserving unmarried women during lent by packing them in salt. Second, it discusses the historical context focusing on ways in which modern notions of the ‘carnivalesque’ as a putative agent for positive social transformation are themselves subverted by the conservative nature of much late medieval comedy. Paradoxically, what begins as anti-authoritarian licence ends in the affirmation of a patriarchal status quo that regards the unmarried female body as a commodity preserved for future male delectation.
Assessing the relationships among spiritual social support, stress, and anxiety: Does extraversion also play a role in the coping process?

Research indicates that people with strong social support networks tend to cope more effectively with stressful life events. This study aims to contribute to this literature in three ways. First, we assess spiritual social support that was received in religious institutions. Spiritual support is assistance that is provided with the explicit purpose of increasing the religious beliefs and behaviors of the recipient. Second, an effort was made to see if potential stress-moderating effects of spiritual support are more likely to arise among extraverts than among introverts. Third the data come from a recent nationwide survey (N = 1657). Statistical tests were performed to see if there is a three-way interaction between stress, spiritual support, and extraversion on anxiety. The findings indicate that strong spiritual support moderates the relationship between stress and anxiety, but only among highly extraverted study participants. In contrast, spiritual support tends to exacerbate the relationship between stress and anxiety among study participants with very low extraversion scores (i.e., introverts). The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
New Locality Record of Nagarjunasagar Racer ( Coluber bholanathi ) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) from Near Rishi Valley School, Andhra Pradesh, India

The rare Coluber bholanathi found in Eastern Ghats of India is reported based on two live uncollected specimens from a new locality, Pujarivaripalle (Madanapalle, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh). Our data expands the morphological and geographical characterization of this species.
Technical feasibility, diagnostic yield, and safety of microforceps biopsies during EUS evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions (with video).

Background and Aims Through-the-needle microforceps are a recent addition to the EUS armamentarium for evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs). The main aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, diagnostic yield, and safety of EUS-guided microforceps biopsy for PCLs. Methods Our electronic endoscopy database was queried to identify patients who underwent EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) of PCLs and microforceps biopsies during the same procedure. A biopsy was done on the wall of the cyst with the microforceps through the 19-gauge needle, and cyst fluid was collected for cytology and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Adverse events were recorded per published American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy criteria. Results Twenty-seven patients underwent EUS-FNA and microforceps biopsy of PCLs from February 2016 to July 2017. Fourteen cysts were located in the pancreatic head and/or uncinate, and 13 were located in the body and/or tail region. Microforceps biopsies were technically successful in all cases and provided a pathology diagnosis in 24 of 27 cases (yield 88.9%). Microforceps biopsies diagnosed mucinous cyst in 9 patients (33.3%), serous cystadenoma in 4 (14.8%), neuroendocrine tumor in 1 (3.7%), and benign and/or inflammatory cyst in 10 (37.1%). In 7 patients (26%), microforceps biopsy results drastically changed the diagnosis, providing diagnoses otherwise not suggested by cytology or cyst fluid CEA levels. However, cytology provided a diagnosis of mucinous cyst in 4 cases (14.8%) not detected by microforceps biopsies. No adverse events were noted. Conclusion Microforceps biopsies were associated with high technical success, and an excellent safety profile and may be a useful adjunctive tool, complementing existing EUS-FNA sampling protocols for PCLs.
Combining Ordinary Kriging with wind directions to identify sources of industrial odors in Portland, Oregon.

This study combines Ordinary Kriging, odor monitoring, and wind direction data to demonstrate how these elements can be applied to identify the source of an industrial odor. The specific case study used as an example of how to address this issue was the University Park neighborhood of Portland, Oregon (USA) where residents frequently complain about industrial odors, and suspect the main source to be a nearby Daimler Trucks North America LLC manufacturing plant. We collected 19,665 odor observations plus 105,120 wind measurements, using an automated weather station to measure winds in the area at five-minute intervals, logging continuously from December 2014 through November 2015, while we also measured odors at 19 locations, three times per day, using methods from the American Society of the International Association for Testing and Materials. Our results quantify how winds vary with season and time of day when industrial odors were observed versus when they were not observed, while also mapping spatiotemporal patterns in these odors using Ordinary Kriging. Our analyses show that industrial odors were detected most frequently to the northwest of the Daimler plant, mostly when winds blew from the southeast, suggesting Daimler’s facility is a likely source for much of this odor.
A lithium–oxygen battery with a long cycle life in an air-like atmosphere

Lithium-air batteries are considered to be a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for transportation applications, owing to their high theoretical specific energy. So far, however, such systems have been largely restricted to pure oxygen environments (lithium-oxygen batteries) and have a limited cycle life owing to side reactions involving the cathode, anode and electrolyte. In the presence of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, these side reactions can become even more complex. Moreover, because of the need to store oxygen, the volumetric energy densities of lithium-oxygen systems may be too small for practical applications. Here we report a system comprising a lithium carbonate-based protected anode, a molybdenum disulfide cathode and an ionic liquid/dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte that operates as a lithium-air battery in a simulated air atmosphere with a long cycle life of up to 700 cycles. We perform computational studies to provide insight into the operation of the system in this environment. This demonstration of a lithium-oxygen battery with a long cycle life in an air-like atmosphere is an important step towards the development of this field beyond lithium-ion technology, with a possibility to obtain much higher specific energy densities than for conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Novel Interpretations of Carbon Oxide Reductions

The manufacture of petrochemicals utilizing nonconventional hydrocarbon sources such as coal has suddenly become recognized as having great potential. Coal, which comprises over 80% of the known recoverable fossil fuel reserves in the United States, is the “chemical resource material of the future.” Of the general routes to convert coal to chemicals, the production of petrochemicals from synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced by the steam gasification of coal) heterogeneously catalyzed by transition metals, has attracted considerable attention since its discovery. Practically the full range of petrochemicals and oil products can be obtained from these syntheses.
Selected aspects of drug use in renal failure.

The kidney is the major organ involved in the elimination of drugs and their pharmacologically active metabolites. Thus, the frequency and severity of adverse drug reactions are increased in patients with renal insufficiency. Updated recommendations for the use of relevant drugs in patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction are available (1–3). This paper will review selected aspects of this large subject, emphasizing topics of recent interest and for which new information is available.
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Diabetes Self-Management

Successful management of diabetes requires that patients follow a treatment regimen that involves adopting or maintaining a number of health behaviors, including a healthy diet, exercise, and oral medication and/or insulin. Yet treatment regimen adherence rates are notoriously low. Failure to adhere to a prescribed diabetes regimen can lead to serious complications involving multiple systems of the body, most notably cardiovascular disease. In efforts to understand why adherence rates are so low, a broad range of psychosocial factors must be examined. These factors include psychological influences such as memory, self-efficacy, diabetes-specific distress, depression, and anxiety; more proximal social influences, such as family and friend involvement and the patient–provider relationship; and broader social influences such as gender, age, culture, and socioeconomic status. A greater understanding of how and why psychosocial factors impact diabetes management can help in the design of interventions that address multiple areas of patients’ lives to promote greater treatment adherence.
Seamless classified information protection capability

With increasing push towards privacy and intellectual property protection, the area of computing has been receiving increasing attention in the security arena. There is a lack of enterprise-wide system that can provide persistent protection for classified information in multiple formats and the entire life cycle of the document. Also, under-classification of information, because of complexity of existing solutions, is prevalent. These findings led us to develop a classified information protection capability (CiPC) application that allows a seamless, transparent human computer interaction to protect classified information.
Diagnostic histochemistry in neuropathology

Neuropathologists have a long and storied history of utilizing histochemistry in the characterization and diagnosis of neurological diseases. This review considers stains that are used for the identification of neurons, neuritic processes and axons, myelin sheaths, neuroglial cells, and connective tissue in the nervous system. Rapid histochemical-smear methods for intraoperative diagnosis are also discussed, along with possible roles for lectin-histochemistry in diagnostic neuropathology.