cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability and purification of lysyl oxidase

Abstract Previous attempts to purify lysyl oxidase have been frustrated by the failure to recover activity during ion exchange or affinity chromatography. We have found that lysyl oxidase from chick cartilage shows marked stability in buffers containing urea and in these solutions can be recovered in high yield from DKAE-cellulose and collagen-derivatized Sepharose. The purified enzyme was active against both collagen and elastin substrates but devoid of monoamine oxidase activity. An absolute requirement for oxygen for activity was found.
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sailor: The Economies of Archaic Eleutherna, Crete

As with other aspects of post-Minoan Crete studies there has been a tendency to accept a panCretaneconomicmodel. ADorianaristocracy, servedbypre-Dorianserfsandtheir descendants, depended upon the produce of their private kleroi for membership in an andreion and citizen status. The elite preserved their political, social, and economic position by discouraging the development of a market economy on Crete in favor of a subsistence economy based upon agriculture, animal husbandry, and hunting. Discouraged were production of coinage, elite display, and manufacture for export (both within and beyond the island). Specialist craftsmen and other kinds of wage earners were either foreigners or members of a dependent population. The present study explores the evidence for the economies of archaic Eleutherna, a polis situated in northwest Crete. The evidence does evoke elements of the traditional model; but there are traces too of specialist production, of Eleutherna’s participation in trading networks linking her with other Cretan poleis and with the rest of the Mediterranean world, and of the monetization of several diVerent kinds of transactions (wages, security, and legal penalties). Finally, there is little reason to conclude that these specialist wage earners were not citizens of Eleutherna. For the past Wfty years, the view that a Dorian aristocracy, served by a preDorian population of serfs and their descendants, controlled the political, social, and economic life of the Cretan poleis from the beginning of the archaic period until late in the Hellenistic has dominated discussions of the island’s archaic and classical history. 1 Serfs worked the private kleroi of the members of the citizen class who depended upon the produce of their land to secure their membership in the sussition and so to maintain their citizen status. Apart from the income 1. See e.g. Willetts 1955 (passim), 1965 (passim); Link 1994 (passim); Chaniotis 1999b: 182, “The social organization and the economy of these polities in the Classical period (5th–4th centuries) were characterized by the dependence of the citizenship on military training, the rule over a dependent population of various legal statuses—bought slaves, serfs in communal or private ownership, and free non-citizens—and the participation of the citizens in common meals or syssitia.”
Radiative lifetime of the long-lived 1s2s 3S1 state in heliumlike neon by electron-beam excitation of trapped ions.

We report a technique for measuring the lifetimes of long-lived excited levels in highly charged ions that fall into the range from ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ to ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$ sec, inaccessible to existing methods. Employing a fast-switching electron beam to produce and excite electrostatically trapped ions, lifetimes are determined by observing the fluorescent decay of metastable levels. A value of 90.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}sec is obtained for the 1s2s $^{3}$${\mathit{S}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ transition in heliumlike neon, in good agreement with theoretical predictions of 91.1 and 92.0 \ensuremath{\mu}sec.
The Robot As Art: Novelty Or Nuance?

Industrial robots have been programmed to move in a graceful and fluid fashion. The impact of the human-like form of machine motion on society will be discussed in this paper through a look at the artist's perception and the audience response to the art of robot choreography. An examination of the choreography of robots as a form of art may be found to influence society's image of working robots and may change the image of robots themselves.
Glycophorin a Helix Insertion, Positioning, and Dimerization in Model Membranes

Membrane proteins play vital and diverse roles in the cell, e.g., in membrane transport, signal transduction and molecular recognition, and inter-cellular communication in higher organisms. The membrane's lipid composition affects membrane protein helix insertion, positioning and oligomerization, but molecular mechanisms of these effects are largely unknown. We employ our novel highly mobile membrane mimetic (HMMM) model combined with molecular dynamics simulations to investigate structural and dynamic properties determining these lipid-protein interactions during insertion, hydrophobically driven positioning and dimer formation of transmembrane helices of glycophorin A (GpA). Extended simulations of GpA transmembrane helix monomers and dimers with HMMM membranes including zwitterionic large head groups of phosphatydilcholine (POPC) and small head groups of phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), provide a detailed view of structural changes in membrane during spontaneous insertion of the GpA helix. Simulations revealed dependence of helix insertion on the lipid head group content. In particular, the bulky head groups of POPC, in contrast to POPE, impede GpA insertion by obstructing accessibility of the phosphate group charges. Interestingly, we also observed that the lipid content influences dimer formation and stability, which correlates well with recently reported experimental studies of GpA dimers in native and model membranes. Prior to the development of the HMMM method these inquiries were out of reach of atomistic simulations.
Crack tip deformation fields in ductile single crystals

Abstract Crack tip deformation fields in ductile single crystal media are studied experimentally. The crack, located between two single crystals of aluminum joined by a thin ductile interlayer of tin, is introduced via selective chemical etching and can be considered “sharp”; the material surrounding the tip is fully annealed. After a Mode I loading is applied, the specimen is sectioned and the in-plane rotation field under plane strain conditions is mapped using Electron Backscatter Diffraction. The observations provide evidence of the main features of the deformation fields predicted by Rice (Mech Mater 6 (1987) 317) using continuum single crystal plasticity, especially the existence of kink shear sector boundaries which had not been unambiguously identified in previous studies. However to explain the measured change in lattice rotation at the kink shear sector boundary, an alternate dislocation structure is deduced which does not require a high concentration of dislocation sources to be distributed along the ray of the putative kink shear sector boundary. Based on this, a lower bound on the dislocation density in the kink shear sector is established experimentally. The results have implications for analytical and numerical simulations of plastic deformation in ductile single crystal media, from the length scale of microns to the macroscopic length scale.
Changes in body mass index and stoma related problems in the elderly.

Abstract Objectives Weight gain can cause retraction of an intestinal stoma, possibly resulting in difficulty with wafer and pouch fit, daily care challenges, and discomfort. This cross-sectional study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and ostomy-related problems among long-term (> 5 years post-diagnosis) colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Materials and methods CRC survivors from three Kaiser Permanente Regions completed a mailed survey. The response rate for those with an ostomy was 53% (283/529). Questions included stoma-related problems, and time to conduct daily ostomy care. Poisson regression evaluated associations between report of problems and change in BMI. Our analysis sample included 235 survivors. Results Sample was 76% ≥ 65 years of age. Since their surgeries, BMI remained stable (ST) in 44% (103), decreased (DE) in 20% (48), and increased (IN) in 36% (84). Compared to ST, male IN (RR 2.15 [1.09 – 4.25]) and female DE (RR 5.06 [1.26 – 25.0]) were more likely to spend more than 30 min per day on stoma care. IN (vs. ST) were more likely to report interference with clothing (RR 1.51 [1.06 – 2.17]) and other stoma-related problems (RR 2.32 [1.30 – 4.14]). Survivors who were obese at time of survey were more likely to report interference with clothing (RR 1.88 [1.38 – 2.56]) and other stoma-related problems (RR 1.68 [1.07 – 2.65]). Conclusion A change in BMI is associated with ostomy-related problems among long-term CRC survivors. Equipment and care practices may need to be adapted for changes in abdominal shape. Health care providers should caution that a significant increase or decrease in BMI may cause ostomy-related problems.
Determination of the number of thioether-linked cysteine residues in cytochromes c and phycobiliproteins.

Abstract Hydrolysis of cytochromes c and phycobiliproteins in 6 n HCl containing 0.21 m dimethylsulfoxide at 110°C for 22 h results in the quantitative conversion of cysteinyl, cystinyl, and thioether-linked cysteinyl residues to cysteic acid. Methionine is converted to homocysteic acid in a 10% yield. The number of thioether-linked cysteinyl residues can be calculated, if the number of cysteinyl and cystinyl residues is determined separately as S -carboxymethylcysteine in a 6 n HCl hydrolyzate of reduced, carboxymethylated protein. Data are presented on the number of thioether-linked cysteinyl residues present in R-, B-, and C-phycoerythrins, C- and R-phycocyanins, allophycocyanins, and the subunits of these proteins.
Effects of age, amount of advancement, and genioplasty on neurosensory disturbance after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.

Purpose: There are numerous risks for developing neurosensory deficits after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of genioplasty, length of advancement, and age and their interactions in a group of patients undergoing BSSO advancement and followed up for 2 years. Materials and Methods: Patients were examined at multiple time intervals during the 2 years. Measuring in the mental nerve distribution assessed damage. 127 subjects were divided into the following 3 age groups: younger than 24 years, 24 to 35 years, and older than 35 years old. They also were divided into small (≤7 mm) and large (>7 mm) advancements and genioplasty and no genioplasty. Change in tactile sensitivity from presurgical to the subsequent time periods is reported as a function of these variable and interactions among the variables. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Friedman test, all at an α level of 0.05. Results: Older subjects had greater sensory losses than younger subjects. Patients with a genioplasty had a greater loss of sensation initially. For all subjects, the sensory function of those receiving large and small advancements was not significantly different. Among subjects receiving small advancements there was no significant difference among the 3 age groups. However, among patients receiving advancements greater than 7 mm, older patients did worse. Among patients not receiving genioplasty, there was no significant difference among the 3 age groups. In contrast, older subjects with a genioplasty had significantly greater sensory deficits. Conclusions: Age at the time of surgery and addition of a genioplasty increases the risk of a neurosensory injury. Large advancements further increase the risk of injury in older patients. © 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:1012-1017, 2002
Gross Motor Profiles of Deaf Children

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and summarize the gross motor development of 132 hearing impaired children between the ages of 3 and 14 yr. The subjects were individually evaluated on the 11 gross motor items of the Ohio State University Scale of Intra Gross Motor Assessment. Delays were noted in catching, kicking, jumping, and hopping. It was determined that gross motor skill performance was not related to etiology of deafness or to the sex of the subjects.
Application of the Autosynchronized Oscillator to Frequency Demodulation

A new frequency-operated demodulator is described which does not respond to amplitude modulation. These results are achieved by making use of a controlled oscillator at the receiver which automatically synchronizes with the transmitter frequency. If desired, this method can be made to give a large response with extremely small amounts of frequency shift. On the other hand, it can also be used when the maximum frequency shift is many times as great as the signal band width. Other advantages are its linear response and its simplicity which requires the addition of only one tube to existing receivers. Tests show that a frequency-modulated signal and an amplitude-modulated signal may be applied simultaneously to the same carrier without noticeable interference at the receiver. Other applications of the synchronized oscillator are also described.
Lagrangian relaxation for gate implementation selection

In a typical circuit optimization flow, one essential decision is to select the implementation for each gate according to a cell library. An implementation implies specific gate size, threshold voltage, etc. The selection normally needs to handle multiple and often conflicting objectives. An effective approach for multi-objective optimization is Lagrangian relaxation (LR), which has been adopted in continuous gate sizing. When LR is applied to the gate implementation selection, the Lagrangian dual problem is no longer convex like in continuous gate sizing, and conventional sub-gradient method becomes inefficient. In this paper, we propose a projection-based descent method and a new technique of Lagrangian multiplier distribution for solving the Lagrangian dual problem in discrete space. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach leads to significantly better solution quality and faster convergence compared to the sub-gradient method.
Genetic factors are important determinants of neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal cardiac surgery

Abstract The genetic basis of congenital cardiac disease has long been recognized. Significant advances in the understanding of normal cardiac development and the pathogenesis of cardiac anomalies have been made over the last several decades. As survival has dramatically improved, increasing attention has been directed towards improving neurodevelopmental outcomes after infant cardiac surgery. In particular, there is increasing recognition that genetic factors are important determinants of neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with congenital heart defects. Improved understanding of the genetic contribution to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes will facilitate early detection and intervention for survivors of surgery for congenital heart defects.
Simple Method for Elimination of Aminoglycosides from Serum to Permit Bioassay of Other Antimicrobial Agents

Cellulose phosphate powder can be added to serum to selectively bind aminoglycosides by ionic interaction without binding or inactivation of the penicillins, the cephalosporins, clindamycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, or trimethoprim. This simple, rapid technique permits the measurement of non-aminoglycoside antibiotics in the presence of aminoglycosides.
Photosynthetic capacity and dry mass partitioning in dwarf and semi-dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Efficient use of space and high yields are critical for long-term food production aboard the International Space Station. The selection of a full dwarf wheat (less than 30 cm tall) with high photosynthetic and yield potential is a necessary prerequisite for growing wheat in the controlled, volume-limited environments available aboard long-term spaceflight missions. This study evaluated the photosynthetic capacity and carbon partitioning of a full-dwarf wheat cultivar, Super Dwarf, which is routinely used in spaceflight studies aboard U.S. space shuttle and NASA/Mir missions and made comparisons with other dwarf and semi-dwarf wheat cultivars utilized in other ground-based studies in plant space biology. Photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf in two dwarf (Super Dwarf, BB-19), and three semi-dwarf (Veery-10, Yecora Rojo, IBWSN 199) wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) was assessed by measuring: net maximum photosynthetic rate, RuBP carboxylation efficiency, chlorophyll concentration and flag leaf area. Dry mass partitioning of carbohydrates to the leaves, sheaths, stems and ear was also assessed. Plants were grown under controlled environmental conditions in three replicate studies: slightly enriched CO2 (370 micromoles mol-1), high photosynthetic photon flux (1000 micromoles m-2 s-1; 58 mol m-2 d-1) for a 16 h photoperiod, 22/15 degrees C day/night temperatures, ample nutrients and water provided by one-half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950). Photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf was determined at anthesis using net CO2 exchange rate versus internal CO2 concentration curves measured under saturating light (2000 micromoles m-2 s-1) and CO2 (1000 micromoles mol-1). Dwarf wheat cultivars had greater photosynthetic capacities than the taller semi-dwarfs, they averaged 20% higher maximum net photosynthetic rates compared to the taller semi-dwarfs, but these higher rates occurred only at anthesis, had slightly greater carboxylation efficiencies and significantly increased chlorophyll concentrations per unit leaf area. The reduced-height wheat had significantly less dry mass fraction in the stem but greater dry mass partitioned to the ear than the taller semi-dwarfs (Yecora rojo, IBWSN-199). Studies with detached heads confirm that the head is a significant sink in the shorter wheat cultivars.
INCIDENCE OF ENCAPSULATING PERITONEAL SCLEROSIS: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE WITH LONG-TERM PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN THE UNITED STATES

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The reported incidence varies between 0.5% and 4.4% and increases with length of time on PD. Very few data are available on the epidemiology of EPS in the United States. The aim of the present study was assess the incidence of EPS in a single center in New Haven, Connecticut. In a retrospective analysis of all patients maintained on PD for 5 or more years, clinical symptoms were documented, abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings were reviewed, and surgical and pathology findings were noted. Patients were tracked whether they remained on PD, transferred to hemodialysis (HD), underwent transplantation, or died. Among the 76 patients that met the inclusion criteria (mean dialysis duration: 81.5 ± 22 months), 14 (18%) developed clinical symptoms (persisting for 3 or more months) suggestive of EPS. Abdominal CT imaging was done in 38 patients; 25 had radiologic features consistent with EPS. At laparotomy, 6 of 7 patients had gross findings consistent with EPS. Eleven patients met the 2000 criteria of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis for a diagnosis of EPS; they had clinical features, plus either radiologic or histopathologic confirmation. In 3 patients with clinical symptoms, the radiologic or surgical findings did not support a diagnosis of EPS. Of the 11 patients meeting the EPS criteria, 1 remains on PD and is doing well, 2 were transferred to HD and are doing well, 2 died as a result of EPS complications, and 6 died of other causes. The present study suggests that, in patients maintained on PD for 5 or more years at our center, the incidence of EPS is 14%. Those findings suggest that EPS may be underrecognized in the United States and that a high index of suspicion is warranted in patients maintained on PD for 5 or more years.
Breeding Stage Influences Space Use of Female American Avocets in San Francisco Bay, California

Abstract Female American Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) were radio-marked (N = 15) and tracked in the South San Francisco Bay, California, to determine if space use varied by breeding stage. Visual observations were used to determine breeding stage (pre-incubation, incubation, brood-rearing, post-breeding) of marked avocets. Space use measurements (linear movements, home ranges, core areas, and average distance from nest) varied significantly among breeding stages. Space use was greatest for the post-breeding stage, followed by pre-incubation, incubation, and brood-rearing. Most avocet nests (93%) were located within their pre-incubation core area boundaries, whereas only 36% of nests were within post-breeding core areas. Distance between daily location and future nest sites decreased significantly as the number of days prior to incubation decreased, suggesting that avocets prospected future nest sites several weeks prior to nesting. These data indicate that breeding stage influences space use of femal...
Long-term outcome study of growth factor-treated pressure ulcers

Background: Exogenous application of growth factors have been reported in an attempt to accelerate healing of chronic wounds. Most of the trials were of brief duration with short to no follow-up periods. Long-term outcome studies are sparse for pressure ulcer therapies with success rates around 30% for both operative and nonoperative treatments. Methods: Follow-up evaluations were performed serially up to 12 months for patients completing a 35 day blinded, placebo-controlled cytokine clinical trial of pressure ulcers. Results: Fifty-four of 61 patients completed the follow-up period with 68.5% of the patients (37 of 54) being healed after 1 year. Of patients healing $85% during the active treatment phase, 84.6% were healed after 1 year compared with 61% of those that healed ,85% during treatment (P ,0.05). Conclusion: Long-term outcome was better in this growth factor trial than with surgical or standard nonoperative treatment of pressure ulcers. Since only patients receiving exogenously applied cytokines achieved .85% closure during the treatment phase of the trial, the excellent long-term outcome appears attributable to the cytokine therapy. © 2001 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved.
Country music and American values

(1979). Country music and American values. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 293-301.
Initial experience with a microwave imaging system for monitoring temperature change in an animal model

We are developing a microwave system for non-invasively monitoring temperature distributions in human tissue during thermal therapy. Central to our approach is a microwave antenna array and switching matrix which allows tomographic data collection over a wide range of frequencies (300 MHz-1 GHz). The measured field values are processed by a reconstruction algorithm that creates electrical property maps which vary with temperature and show changes in temperature as a function of time through difference imaging. Initial phantom investigations suggested that our imaging device was sufficiently sensitive to thermally induced electrical property changes to expand the studies to animal models. The results presented here are from our initial experiments conducted with a saline-coupled microwave imaging system on a 5-day old live piglet. The heating was accomplished using a heated tube of water surgically implanted in the piglet's abdomen. Fiber optic temperature sensors were inserted at various positions for comparison with recovered conductivity values and the entire experiment was performed in a CT scanner to facilitate localization of the probes with respect to the heating tube, piglet geometry and microwave antenna array.
Synchronization of Multiple Chaotic Gyroscopes Using the Fundamental Equation of Mechanics

This paper provides a simple, novel approach for synchronizing the motions of multiple "slave " nonlinear mechanical systems by actively controlling them so that they follow the motion of an independent "master" mechanical system. The multiple slave systems need not be identical to one another. The method is inspired by recent results in analytical dynamics, and it leads to the determination of the set of control forces to create such synchronization between highly nonlinear dynamical systems. No linearizations or approximations are involved, and the exact control forces needed to synchronize the nonlinear systems are obtained in closed form. The method is applied to the synchronization of multiple, yet different, chaotic gyroscopes that are required to replicate the motion of a master gyro, which may have a chaotic or a regular motion. The efficacy of the method and its simplicity in synchronizing these mechanical systems are illustrated by two numerical examples, the first dealing with a system of three different gyros, the second with five different ones.
Ultraviolet B radiation increases hairless mouse mast cells in a dose-dependent manner and alters distribution of UV-induced mast cell growth factor.

— In studies of the effects of chronic UVB irradiation on dermal connective tissue in the hairless mouse, we observed that the number and size of mast cells was increased. Because mast cells are known to be associated with connective tissue remodeling, we examined and quantified the effect of increasing UVB (290-320 nm) doses on this cell. Groups of mice were exposed to filtered FS-40 Westinghouse lamps (290-400 nm: peak irradiance 313 nm) for 1-5 minimal erythema doses (MED) thrice weekly for 10 weeks. Appropriate controls were included. Biopsies, processed for light microscopy, were stained with toluidine blue. Mast cells were counted in 15 high-magnification fields per specimen with upper and lower dermis scored separately. Significant increases in large densely granular mast cells occurred at 2 MED in the lower dermis, in association with a UVB-exacerbated granulomatous reaction. In the upper dermis, mast cells were significantly increased with 3 MED. These findings suggest that mast cells may play a dual role in UV-irradiated skin with those in the lower dermis related to inflammation processes and those in the upper dermis involved in connective tissue modeling. To gain understanding of the mechanism of mast cell recruitment and maturation, we examined the effect of UVB on mast cell growth factor expression. This was enhanced in the epidermis by UVB, with a shift from cytoplasmic staining to membrane-associated or intercellular staining at 2 MED and higher. Dermal dendritic and mononuclear cells also showed increased reactivity.
Monte Carlo 20 And 45 MEV Bremsstrahlung And Dose-Reduction Calculations

The SANDYL electron-photon coupled Monte Carlo code has been compared with previously published experimental bremsstrah-lung data at 20.9 MeV electron energy. The code was then used to calculate forward-directed spectra, angular distributions and dose-reduction factors for three practical configurations. These are: 20 MeV electrons incident on 1 mm of W + 59 mm of Be, 45 MeV electrons of I mm of W, and 45 MeV electrons on 1 mm of W + 147 mm of Be. The application of these results to flash radiography is discussed.
Development, Reliability, and Validity of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale for Heterosexuals (LGB-KASH).

Four studies on the development and validation of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale for Heterosexuals (LGB-KASH) were conducted. Exploratory factor analysis of an initial item pool yielded 5 factors assessing internalized affirmativeness, civil rights attitudes, knowledge, religious conflict, and hate—indicating that heterosexual knowledge and attitudes regarding LGB individuals could be conceptualized as multidimensional and wide-ranging. The stability of the multidimensional factor structure of the LGB-KASH was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. Testretest stability, internal consistency, and validity coefficients supported the use and continued development of the new instrument. Significant differences were found between heterosexual and LGB individuals on all 5 factors, especially internalized affirmativeness, knowledge, and religious conflict. Implications for theory and research on heterosexual knowledge and attitudes are discussed.
Analysis of Decompressive Craniectomies with Subsequent Cranioplasties in the Presence of Collagen Matrix Dural Substitute and Polytetrafluoroethylene as an Adhesion Preventative Material

Objective Decompressive craniectomy is an established treatment for malignant intracranial hypertension. Cranioplasty is performed once cerebral swelling has resolved. Complications include infection, postoperative fluid collections, hematoma, reoperation, and seizures. Our experience using a double layer technique during craniectomy with a collagen matrix onlay dural substitute and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for antiadhesive properties during cranioplasty was reviewed. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 39 consecutive patients who underwent craniectomy with placement of collagen matrix dural onlay and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene and subsequent cranioplasty. Demographic data, size of craniectomy defect, estimated blood loss, operative time, time between operations, presence of dural tackups, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results Mean operative time was 132 minutes and estimated blood loss was 112 mL. Overall complication rate was 25.6% and no mortality was encountered. Nine patients had postoperative fluid collections measuring ≥10 mm in thickness and/or 5 mm of midline shift. Two patients required reoperation for these collections. Two patients developed infections requiring bone flap removal. Three patients developed seizures after cranioplasty. Five patients required shunt placement for hydrocephalus. Conclusions Our dual layer closure technique at time of decompressive craniectomy carries a similar reduction in operative time and estimated blood loss when compared with cranioplasty series with other antiadhesives present. The technique described enables easy dissection of the musculocutaneous flap from the dural plane during cranioplasty and increases the safety of the operation.
An improved assay of gangliosides separated by thin-layer chromatography

Summary There were no differences in the recoveries of ganglioside sialic acid from silica gel G thin-layer chromatograms when they were sprayed with resorcinol reagent varying in normality between 3 and 10. However, both the temperature at and the time for which the plates were heated after spraying did affect the recoveries, which can reach 100% when the plates are heated for 6 min at 135°C.
Fast Object Detection Using Color Features for Colonoscopy Quality Measurements

The effectiveness of colonoscopy depends on the quality of the inspection of the colon. There was no automated measurement method to evaluate the quality of the inspection. To address this, we have been investigating automated post-procedure quality measurement. The limitation of post-processing quality measurement is that quality measurements become available only long after the procedure was over and the patient was released. A better approach is to inform any suboptimal inspection immediately so that the endoscopist can improve the quality of the inspection in real-time during the procedure. Both post-processing and real-time quality measurements require a number of analysis tasks such as detecting a bite-block region as an indicator that a procedure is an upper endoscopy, not colonoscopy, detecting a blood region as an indicator for inflammation or bleeding, and detecting a stool region as an indicator of quality of the colon preparation. Color is the most distinguishable characteristic for differentiation among these object classes and normal pixels. In this paper, we propose a method to detect these object classes using color features. The main idea is to partition very large positive examples of these objects into a number of groups. Each group is called a “positive plane” and is modeled using a convex hull enclosing feature points of that particular group. Comparisons with traditional classifiers such as K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) prove the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and execution time that is critical in the targeted real-time quality measurement system.
Abstract 627: Antisense Inhibition Of Angiotensinogen Reduces BP In Normotensive Sprague-Dawley Rats And Effectively Eliminates RAS-dependent BP Control In Hypertensive SHR Rats

Uncontrolled hypertension is an important contributor to stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and renal failure. Despite the armamentarium of antihypertensive therapeutics, there still exists a need for a novel agent effective in individuals with Resistant Hypertension (RHTN). Second generation antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a novel therapeutic class of inhibitors that cause RNase H-mediated target mRNA degradation in organs such as the liver and kidneys. Experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of ASO treatment targeting angiotensinogen (Agt). Normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats were given 10 - 80 mg/kg/wk of an Agt ASO for 4 weeks via subcutaneous injections. Dose-responsive reductions of liver Agt mRNA (20 - 96%), kidney Agt mRNA (40 - 75%) and plasma Agt (25 - 90%) were observed. BP, measured by tail-cuff volume-pressure recordings, was dose-dependently reduced by Agt ASO treatments as well. At the maximal ASO dose SBP, MAP and DBP were reduced by 39, 43 and 45 mm Hg, respectively. Studies comparing Agt ASO to captopril treatments were conducted in SHR rats. Agt ASO administered at 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg/wk for 2 weeks resulted in dose-dependent reductions of BP of 35 - 57 mm Hg (SBP), 32 - 52 mm Hg (MAP) and 31 - 49 mm Hg (DBP). Addition of 50 mg/kg/day of captopril did not result in further BP reductions in rats receiving 100 mg/kg/wk Agt ASO, suggesting maximal inhibition of RAS signaling was already achieved via Agt ASO treatment in this group. However, captopril treatment in the 50 and 75 mg/kg/wk Agt ASO treated groups did result in further reductions of 17 & 27 mm Hg (SBP), 17 & 25 mm Hg (MAP) and 17 & 24 mm Hg (DBP). These data demonstrate robust and predictive reductions of BP with long term Agt ASO treatment in normo- or hypertensive rats. Additionally, complete inhibition of RAS-dependent BP control could be achieved within 2 wks of ASO treatment. Finally, additive BP lowering was achieved with the combination treatment of Agt ASO and captopril, suggesting improvements in efficacy are possible when ASOs are added to existing RAS inhibitor therapeutics. Such improvements could be desirable in RHTN individuals and/or individuals not at their BP goal with existing RAS inhibitors.
Wear characteristics of the canine acetabulum against different femoral prostheses

We studied cartilage degeneration in 45 canine acetabula after implantation of prostheses with articulating surfaces of low-temperature isotropic (LTI) pyrolytic carbon, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy and titanium alloy for periods ranging from two weeks to 18 months. Gross specimens and histological sections were compared with the nonoperated (control) acetabulum of the same animal. Cartilage articulating with LTI pyrolytic carbon exhibited significantly lower levels of gross wear, fibrillation, eburnation, glycosaminoglycan loss, and subchondral bone change than with metallic surfaces. Survivorship analysis showed a 92% probability of survival for cartilage articulating with LTI pyrolytic carbon at 18 months, as compared to only a 20% probability of survival for cartilage articulating with either of the metallic alloys.
State Support for the German Cooperative Movement, 1860–1914

Germany's cooperative movement grew and thrived from its inception in the late 1840s to World War I and beyond. Cooperatives were divided along several lines, and perhaps the most serious point of contention concerned the role of the state in the movement. Cooperative leaders in the two decades before World War I especially debated whether they should accept direct grants and subsidized credit from the Reich and the Lander. The several parts of the cooperative movement construed the question differently; much internecine conflict turned on the answers. The cooperative movement's historiography has largely framed the question as did Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch and other cooperative leaders opposed to state assistance. To him, the issue was whether cooperatives would be based on “self-help” or “state help.”
NI-83DIFFUSION AND CONVENTIONAL MR IMAGING GENOMIC BIOMARKER SIGNATURE PREDICTS IDH-1 MUTATION IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS

PURPOSE: The IDH-1(R132H) mutation is one of the strongest prognostic predictors and a diagnostic hallmark of gliomas that is independent of other known prognostic factors, including age, grade, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status and thus has a major clinical relevance. Given the latter, it will likely be integrated into the new WHO classification for GBM. Currently used methods to determine the IDH-1 mutation status of GBM include immunohistochemical analysis and genotyping of the DNA extracted from the tumor specimens. Thus, we seek to identify a diffusion and conventional MR imaging signature associated with IDH-1 mutated tumors that can be considered as a non-invasive predictor of the IDH1 status in Glioblastoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 80 GBM patients from TCGA who had both genetic expression profiles of IDH-1 and mutation status and neuroimaging available at The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). All morphological image analyses and segmentation were done using slicer 3.6 and reviewed in consensus by 3 neuroradiologists. Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) was used for segmentation of the edema and post-contrast T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) for segmentation of enhancement and necrosis. Diffusion was analyzed in Olea Sphere 2.3 and Conventional FLAIR/post-contrast T1WI was registered to DWI/ADC maps. ADC,FLAIR,T1 Gadolinium enhancement values were measured using the ROI based method,in the peri-tumoral edema/tumor infiltration and the enhancing tumor zones, with dividing the peri-tumoral edema/tumor infiltration into 3 zones each of 1 cm width, 3 ROI measurements were taken from each zone. Multiple quantitative imaging features were combined to create the imaging biomarker signature predictive of IDH-1 mutation status. RESULTS: We created a complex imaging biomarker signature using quantitative diffusion and conventional MR imaging features to predict those GBM patients with IDH-1 mutation and was predictive of patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: GBM tumors with IDH-1 mutation hold a specific diffusion and conventional MR imaging biomarker signature that can be used as a predictive and prognostic biomarker and non-invasive surrogate for IDH-1 status detection.
An Angle of View of Global Value:the Shift in the Technological Value Outlook

Globalization has turned into an irreversing inexorable tre nd and an objective reality of dev olopment of human society.The cour se of history of globalization con tains the leading selection of glo bal value that human runs after.Dri ving globalization and realizing g lobal value is deeply and historica lly and logically bound up with th e devolopment of technology.The te chnological value outlook is one o f the internal sources of global v alue with society and history.
Minimum entropy autofocus for 3D SAR images from a UAV platform

Newly developed platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer significant potential for broadening the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) methods. Position and orientation uncertainties associated with such systems result in a loss of pulse coherence, leading to degradation of the resulting imagery. Building on recent efforts in the development of algorithmic autofocus methods, here we develop a variational autofocus technique for limited aperture, three dimensional SAR image formation. The method is based in the minimization of the image entropy. Results are demonstrated in the context of a UAV SAR under development at Tufts and MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Adaptive control for spacecraft formation flying with solar radiation pressure and reduction of secular drift

A major problem faced while trajectory planning of spacecraft formation flying is obtaining a “drift-free” case to optimize fuel consumption. The paper considers the effect of non-linearity on relative motion dynamics of spacecraft formation flying with disturbance caused by solar radiation pressure on the formation of spacecraft. The non-linearity is a function of initial conditions, and a perturbation approach is used to correct the initial conditions while maintaining the formation in bounds and also satisfying the zero secular growth requirements. A full state feedback adaptive control law is developed which accounts for the solar radiation pressure, and also estimates and updates the unknown spacecraft mass for formation keeping. The relative dynamics are written as a function of the true anomaly ensuring that the control law works effectively for highly eccentric orbits. Lastly, a Lyapunov stability analysis is shown to ensure the stability of the controller.
Twelve year CAPD outcomes

CAPDが維持透析として長期継続の可能性を12年間の治療成績から検討した. 1982年12月より導入したCAPD患者72名 (男性47名, 女性25名, 導入時平均年齢46.2歳, 平均CAPD歴54.3か月, 非糖尿病87%, 糖尿病13%, 積極的適応82%, 消極的適応18%) を対象とし, 患者の成績 (転帰, 予後) を検討した. CAPDの継続期間は5-10年28名, 10年以上3名 (最長11年7か月). 72名の転帰は継続47名 (65%), HDへ移行6名 (8%), 腎移植1名 (1.4%), 死亡18名 (25%) であった. 5年, 10年の継続率はそれぞれ71%, 33%, 生存率はそれぞれ77%, 50%, 5年継続率で, 糖尿病 (50%), 消極的適応 (25%), 60歳以上の高齢導入 (0%) は低く, 平成年代 (89-94) 導入 (80%), 女性 (77%) は高かった. HDへの移行の原因は腹膜炎4名 (57%), 精神的要因2名 (29%), 除水不良1名 (14%). 死因は脳血管障害5名 (28%), 感染症 (腹膜炎) 4名 (22%), 心疾患4名 (22%), 悪性腫瘍2名 (11%) であった. CAPDのさらなる長期継続には腹膜炎, 除水能低下, 精神的要因 (精神, 心理, 社会的) に対する対策が必要で, 腹膜炎, 出口部感染の早期治療, システムの改良, 適切な栄養管理, CAPDの変法の採用, 患者選択, 患者教育, 特に自己治療の自主化と受容が重要である.
Hepatitis C virus promotes virion secretion through cleavage of the Rab7 adaptor protein RILP

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped RNA virus that modifies intracellular trafficking processes. The mechanisms that HCV and other viruses use to modify these events are poorly understood. In this study, we observed that two different RNA viruses, HCV and Sendai, cause inhibition of ras-related protein Rab-7 (Rab7)-dependent endosome-lysosome fusion. In both cases, viral infection causes cleavage of the Rab7 adaptor protein RILP (Rab interacting lysosomal protein), which is responsible for linking Rab7 vesicles to dynein motor complexes. RILP cleavage results in the generation of a cleaved RILP fragment (cRILP) missing the N terminus of the molecule. Although RILP localizes in a perinuclear fashion, cRILP moves to the cell periphery. Both knockdown of RILP and expression of cRILP reproduced the HCV-induced trafficking defect, and restoring full-length RILP reversed the trafficking effects of virus. For the first 3 d after electroporation of HCV RNA, intracellular virus predominates over secreted virus, but the quantity of intracellular virus then rapidly declines as secreted virus dominates. The transition from the intracellular-predominant to the secretion-predominant phenotype corresponds to the time course of cRILP generation. Expressing cRILP directly prevents intracellular virus accumulation at early times without affecting net virus production. The ability of cRILP to promote virus secretion could be prevented by a kinesin inhibitor. HCV thus modifies cellular trafficking by cleaving RILP, which serves to redirect Rab7-containing vesicles to a kinesin-dependent trafficking mode promoting virion secretion. Cleavage of a Rab adaptor protein is thus a mechanism by which viruses modify trafficking patterns of infected cells.
Cerebral Vasomotor Reserve in Hypertension during Head-up Tilt

P44 Objective: To evaluate cerebral vasomotor reserve in hypertension during head-up tilt with hypo- and hypercapnia. Background: Cerebral vasoregulation determines degree of perfusion during increased metabolic demands such as orthostatic stress, hypo- and hypercapnia. With hypertension, silent hypoperfusion may develop if vasomotor reserve is compromised due to remodeling of the vessel wall and impaired vasodilation. Methods: We studied 15 mild hypertensive (BP 145/95 mm Hg) and 15 control men and women (aged 35–65 years) using Transcranial Doppler. Blood flow velocities (BFV) from both middle cerebral arteries (MCA), brachial artery (BRA), heart rate, blood pressure (BP), respiration and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were simultaneously recorded during: hyperventilation (3 min), apnea (1 min) and CO 2 rebreathing (3 min) in supine rest and head-up tilt at 80 O . Vasomotor reserve (VMR) was calculated from systolic (VMRS), diastolic (VMRD) and mean BFVs (VMRM) using regression analysis as percentual increment between hypo-, normo- and hypercapnia. Results: In controls, BFVs and VMR reserve were symmetric in both MCAs and there were no significant differences between rest and head-up tilt. In hypertensive patients, VMRM and were significantly reduced during supine rest (p Conclusions: Vasomotor reserve was reduced even with mild hypertension due to impaired vasodilation. Impaired vasoregulation during orthostatic stress may be associated with silent cerebral hypoperfusion.
A good investment? Philanthropy and the marketing of race in an urban public school

Amy Brown begins her book with a brief but effective story: along with other mostly white teachers and all non-white students, she is asked to perform “neediness and deservedness” (2) in order to s...
The Tolerome: A Database of Transcriptome-Level Contributions to Diverse Escherichia coli Resistance and Tolerance Phenotypes

Tolerance and resistance are complex biological phenotypes that are desirable bioengineering goals for those seeking to design industrial strains or prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Over decades of research, a wealth of information has been generated to attempt to decode a molecular basis for tolerance, but to fully achieve the goal of engineering tolerance, researchers must be able to easily learn from a variety of data sources. To this end, we here describe a resource designed to enable scrutiny of diverse tolerance phenotypes. We have curated hundreds of gene expression studies exploring the response of Escherichia coli to chemical and environmental perturbations, from antibiotics to biofuels and solvents and more. Overall, our efforts give rise to a database encompassing more than 56 000 gene expression changes across 89 different stress conditions. This resource is designed for compatibility with the Resistome database, which includes more than 5000 strains with mutations conferring resis...
Nasalization Amplitude-Timing Characteristics of Speakers With and Without Cleft Palate.

Objectives:To examine the amplitude-temporal relationships of acoustic nasalization in speakers with a range of nasality and to determine the extent to which each domain independently predicts the ...