cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatty liver induced by orotic acid feeding.

Summary1. Inclusion of orotic acid in the diet of young rats results in fatty liver formation. 2. Uracil and thymine, known to be synthesized from orotic acid, are without effect on liver fat content. 3. This effect of orotic acid is not counteracted by lipotropic factors such as folic acid, cobalamine, methionine or choline.
Experimental Menstruation in the Monkey after Removal of Ovaries and Adrenals

SummaryBoth ovaries and suprarenals were removed from 2 monkeys which were then injected with cortical extract (Swingle). Three experimental menstrual periods were then induced by injections of theelin-total doses ranging from 500 to 690 r.u. in 10 to 11% days. Latent periods of 4 to 5 days followed the last injections and then menstrual periods of 4 to 7 days. The adrenal medulla is not essential to experimental menstrual periods induced by theelin.
Geographical distribution and age related prevalence of antibody to Hantaan-like virus in rat populations of Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Abstract Recent studies indicate that domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) from harborside areas within port cities of the United States are infected with a Hantaan-like virus. The geographical distribution of seropositive rats may be extremely localized within these urban environments. We surveyed four widely separated residential sites distant from the harbor within Baltimore, Maryland, USA, to determine the geographical distribution and prevalence of antibody to Hantaan-like virus in rats from urban areas of high human population density. Captured rats were weighed and examined for sexual maturity to allow some estimation of age, and their sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay for antibody to Hantaan virus. Seropositive rats were found at all four sites within Baltimore. Increasing antibody prevalence and high titers were associated with increasing rat weight and sexual maturity. Our results show that infection of rats by a Hantaan-like virus is widespread in Baltimore. Antibody in rats may be due to infections acquired during maturation or the delayed seroconversion of rats infected prior to weaning.
Mescaline-induced changes of brain-cortex ribosomes. Role of spermidine in counteracting the destabilizing effect of mescaline on brain-cortex ribosomes

1. The effect of spermidine on the mescaline-induced changes of brain-cortex ribosomes was studied by adding spermidine during the treatment of goat brain-cortex slices with mescaline. 2. Mescaline treatment of brain-cortex slices removed a portion of the endogenous spermidine from ribosomes and this removal was significantly prevented when spermidine was present during mescaline treatment. 3. Spermidine present during mescaline treatment of brain-cortex slices counteracted, to some extent, the destabilizing effect of mescaline on ribosomes with respect to heat denaturation. 4. Mescaline treatment of brain-cortex slices made ribosomes more susceptible to breakdown, releasing protein and RNA, and resulting in loss of ribosomal enzymic activities. However, spermidine present during mescaline treatment counteracted moderately the mescaline-induced ribosomal susceptibility to breakdown and ribosomal loss of enzymic activities. 5. Ribosomes of mescaline-treated cortex slices were rapidly degraded by ribonuclease and trypsin. However, if spermidine was present during mescaline treatment of brain-cortex slices the rates of degradation diminished.
Picosecond Studies of Rose Bengal Fluorescence in Reverse Micellar Systems

The nature and properties of microheterogeneous systems have been increasingly investigated in recent years. Several reasons exist for this interest: one concerns the similarity with biological systems where compartmentalization is necessary to proper functioning and microheterogeneity is a requisite for this. Other reasons are of technological nature: surfactant systems are being used in the oil industry for recovery of oil from spent wells and in research into solar energy storage, where compartmentalization is envisaged as a way in which separated charges can be prevented from undergoing energy-degrading back reactions.
Comparison of Subdermal Needle and Surface Adhesive Stimulating Electrodes for Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring during Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Needle stick injuries remain a physical and psychological burden to healthcare workers. Noninvasive surface adhesive stimulating electrodes used to generate somatosensory evoked potentials can help decrease this risk.Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery to determine the utility and variability of using surface adhesive stimulating electrodes. Our analysis for utility compared alarm (significant changes) frequency, defined by established alarm criteria, between subdermal needle (Group I) and surface adhesive electrodes (Group II). We compared the variability by comparing the frequency of alarms based on establishing baselines during various stages of the procedure.Results: Between Group I and Group II, no significant differences were found in demographic, age, number of levels decompressed and fused, and length of surgery variability. However, stimulation intensity was significantly h...
The Clouds and the Poor: Ruskin, Mayhew, and Ecology

In 1871 a shadow came across the page of that “cloud-worshipper,” John Ruskin (6:75). After praising meteorology, in his youth, as a “science of the pure air, and of the bright heaven” (1:208), and...
Young dual language learners’ emergent writing development

ABSTRACTThis study examined how early writing develops in Spanish–English-speaking children of Mexican and Central American descent who are dual language learners (DLLs) in the United States. The emergent writing skills in Spanish and English of 140 preschoolers in a multisite study were assessed using name- and word-writing tasks during the children’s prekindergarten year. A subset of children were assessed in Kindergarten. Findings suggest that Spanish–English DLLs exhibit a similar progression in their conceptualization of writing to monolingual preschool-aged children, progressing from universal to language-specific writing features. Similarities in the development of the conceptualization of the writing systems specific to each of their languages were also observed. Strong cross-linguistic association between writing words in English and Spanish from fall to spring was found in the children’s earlier phases of writing conceptualization. Vocabulary skills also seem to influence their writing developme...
“Boricua, Moreno”: Laying Claim to Blackness in the Post-Civil Rights Era

This chapter examines the poetry of contemporary Puerto Rican poets Maria Teresa Fernandez (Mariposa), Willie Perdomo, and Tony Medina. The poems in this chapter acknowledge the unfulfilled promises of the Civil Rights Movement that have left young black Americans and Latinos/as faltering in an American society claiming to have achieved racial integration and equal opportunity but which has in actuality left many of them marginalized within the USA. This chapter parallels the experiences of Afro-Puerto Ricans depicted in the poems to those of African-Americans and explores their shared experiences of racial discrimination. While the writers acknowledge the lack of upward mobility for Afro-Puerto Ricans in the USA, they render membership within an alternative community aligned with African-Americans as another means of attaining mobility.
Use of White Noise in TRACE/PARCS Analysis of ATWS with Instability

In a related paper (L. Cheng et al., “TRACE/PARCS Analysis of Anticipated Transient Without Scram with Instability for a MELLLA+ BWR/5,” Nucl. Technol. Vol. 196), the results of TRACE/PARCS calcula...
Affinity-Based Selectivity Profiling of an In-Class Selective Competitive Inhibitor of Acyl Protein Thioesterase 2

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has revolutionized the discovery and optimization of active-site ligands across distinct enzyme families, providing a robust platform for in-class selectivity profiling. Nonetheless, this approach is less straightforward for profiling reversible inhibitors and does not access proteins outside the ABPP probe’s target profile. While the active-site competitive acyl protein thioesterase 2 inhibitor ML349 (Ki = 120 nM) is highly selective within the serine hydrolase enzyme family, it could still interact with other cellular targets. Here we present a chemoproteomic workflow to enrich and profile candidate ML349-binding proteins. In human cell lysates, biotinylated-ML349 enriches a recurring set of proteins, including metabolite kinases and flavin-dependent oxidoreductases that are potentially enhanced by avidity-driven multimeric interactions. Confirmatory assays by native mass spectrometry and fluorescence polarization quickly rank-ordered these weak off-targets, provi...
CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B regulates recombinant NMDA receptor currents in a chloride-dependent manner

Some forms of long-term synaptic plasticity require docking of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) to residues 1290-1309 within the intracellular C-terminal tail of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor GluN2B subunit. The phosphorylation of Ser1303 within this region destabilizes CaMKII binding. Interestingly, Ser1303 is a substrate for CaMKII itself, as well as PKC and DAPK1, but these kinases have been reported to have contradictory effects on the activity of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. Here, we re-assessed the effect of CaMKII on NMDA receptor desensitization in heterologous cells, as measured by the ratio of steady-state to peak currents induced during 3s agonist applications. CaMKIIα co-expression or infusion of constitutively active CaMKII limits the extent of desensitization and preserves current amplitude with repeated stimulation of recombinant GluN1A/GluN2B when examined using low intracellular chloride (Cl-) levels, characteristic of neurons beyond the first postnatal week. In contrast, CaMKIIα enhances the acute rate and extent of desensitization when intracellular Cl- concentrations are high. The apparent dependence of CaMKIIα effects on NMDA receptor desensitization on Cl- concentrations is consistent with the presence of a Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance endogenous to HEK 293 cells, which was confirmed by photolysis of caged-Ca2+. However, Ca2+-activated Cl- conductances are unaffected by CaMKIIα expression, indicating that CaMKII affects agonist-induced whole cell currents via modulation of the NMDA receptor. In support of this idea, CaMKIIα modulation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors is abrogated by the phospho-null mutation of Ser1303 in GluN2B to alanine and occluded by phospho-mimetic mutation of Ser1303 to aspartate regardless of intracellular Cl- concentration. Thus, CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors reduces desensitization at physiological (low) intracellular Cl-, perhaps serving as a feed-forward mechanism to sustain NMDA-mediated Ca2+ entry and continued CaMKII activation during learning and memory.
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Risk Factors and Mechanisms

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) occurs when thromboemboli travel to the pulmonary vasculature, fail to resolve, and cause elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Untreated, this disease leads to progressive right heart failure and death. It develops in approximately 1% to 5% of patients who suffer an acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and has an overall incidence of 3 to 30 per million in the general population. While it is not entirely evident why most but not all people are able to clear this clot burden, there are known risk factors for the development of CTEPH. These include signs of right heart strain at the time of incident PE, inherited coagulopathies, inflammatory conditions, hypothyroidism, and a history of splenectomy. Since CTEPH can be treated both surgically and medically, it is critical to understand the pathophysiology of the disease so affected patients can be identified and diagnosed appropriately.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators possess a unique mechanism of action in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Subtype 1 of the S1PR is expressed on the surface of lymphocytes and is important in regulating egression from lymph nodes. The S1PR modulators indirectly antagonize the receptor’s function leading to sequestration of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. Fingolimod was the first S1PR modulator to receive regulatory approval for relapsing-remitting MS after 2 phase III trials demonstrated potent efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Fingolimod can cause undesirable effects as a result of its interaction with other S1PR subtypes, which are expressed in diverse tissues, including cardiac myocytes. As such, agents that more selectively target subtype 1 of the S1PR are of interest and are at various stages of development. These include ponesimod (ACT128800), siponimod (BAF312), ozanimod (RPC1063), ceralifimod (ONO-4641), GSK2018682, and MT-1303. Data from phase II trials and early results from phase III studies have been promising and will be presented in this review. Of special interest are results from the EXPAND study of siponimod, which suggest a potential role for S1PR modulators in secondary progressive MS.
A Feasibility Study Examining Use of the FitBit Zip™ vs. the Accusplit Eagle AC 120 XL Pedometer to Increase Physical Activity for Persons with Mild Cognitive Disorder

A feasibility study examined the use of the FitBit Zip™ (Figure 1) vs. the Accusplit Eagle AE 120 XL (Figure 2) on daily physical activity for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The...
THE RELATIONSHIP OF BRAFV600E MUTATION STATUS TO FDG PET/CT AVIDITY IN THYROID CANCER: A REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Objective: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) harboring a BRAFV600E gene mutation has been shown to exhibit aggressive tumor behavior and carries higher risks of recurrence and disease-specific death. ...
High spatial frequency periodic structures formation on silicon using near UV femtosecond laser irradiation

Observation of a nanoscale island-like periodic surface structure in silicon using 390 nm ultrafast laser irradiation in vacuum is reported. A strong correlation is observed between the island structure and the formation of a high-spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structure below the single pulse melt threshold. Further hexagonal and quasi-hexagonal arrangements of the islands concurrent with bifurcation suggest the existence of a strain ordering mechanism. Island bifurcation suggests a high stress state induced by point-defect generation during and after femtosecond laser induced band-gap closure.
Public Perception of UAS Privacy Concerns: A Gender Comparison

While much research has examined engineering and practical uses of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), there have been very few studies that have examined privacy concerns that the public may have towar...
CRT-700.16 Predictive Method for Paravalvular Leakage After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Using Patient-Specific Computational Modeling

Paravalvular Leakage (PVL) is a serious complication after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)(1). In the present study two clinically approved devices, CoreValve and SAPIEN 3 (Figure 1A), were computationally implanted in a patient’s aortic root to predict the likelihood of PVL. To
Lacan’s Drive and Genetic Posthumans: The Example of Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake

In what follows, I argue for the essential relevance of biotechnology and genetic engineering in defining the discourse of the posthuman, and how their joint, or mutually implied, relationship can inform a reading of Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake (2003). Atwood’s novel provides a rich narrative context for considering the posthuman in relation to genetic engineering, specifically in relation to the titular character Crake’s actions as a gene-hacking scientist and his genetically engineered progeny, “the Children of Crake.” Beyond the novel’s unmistakable critique of the biotech industry, it also raises intriguing questions about the presumably posthuman status of the Crakers and the relevance of scientific—as opposed to humanist—discourse in how we (and they) understand their difference. These issues, furthermore, are inseparable from the novel’s central interest in desire, specifically Crake’s desire to eliminate desire—a theme that harks back to the early Christian mystics and resonates with Buddhism—but here re-contextualized by genetic engineering’s prospective capacity to alter the human species as such.
Visual Localization and Eye Movements

Displacement of the retinal image at the back of the eye may be produced either by eye movements, which the observer uses to redirect his gaze within the visual field, or by displacements of the visual field itself outside of the eye. Nevertheless while displacements of the visual field are normally seen to be displacements in the environment, stationary visual fields normally continue to appear stationary in the presence of eye movements. The main concern of this chapter is with the basis for this difference in visual localization.
Safety and efficacy of massage therapy for patients with cancer.

Background: As the popularity of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) grows, patients are incorporating more CAM therapies into their conventional cancer care. Massage therapy, a CAM therapy known primarily for its use in relaxation, may also benefit patients with cancer in other ways. Massage can also be associated with risks in the oncology population. Risks can be minimized and benefits maximized when the clinician feels comfortable discussing CAM with his or her patients. This article reviews and summarizes the literature on massage and cancer to help provide the clinician with information to help facilitate discussions with patients. Methods: MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched to identify relevant articles. These were reviewed for content and other pertinent references. Results: Significant information was extracted from these resources to provide this overview of the use of massage for patients with cancer. Conclusions: Conventional care for patients with cancer can safely incorporate massage therapy, although cancer patients may be at higher risk of rare adverse events. The strongest evidence for benefits of massage is for stress and anxiety reduction, although research for pain control and management of other symptoms common to patients with cancer, including pain, is promising. The oncologist should feel comfortable discussing massage therapy with patients and be able to refer patients to a qualified massage therapist as appropriate. Massage appears safe and can reduce stress and anxiety in cancer patients.
Ricci flow and manifolds with positive curvature

This is an expository article based on the author’s lecture delivered at the conference Lie Theory and Its Applications in March 2011, UCSD. We discuss various notions of positivity and their relations with the study of the Ricci flow, including a proof of the assertion, due to Wolfson and the author, that the Ricci flow preserves the positivity of the complex sectional curvature. We discuss the examples of Wallach of the manifolds with positive pinched sectional curvature and the behavior of Ricci flow on some examples. Finally we discuss the recent joint work with Wilking on the manifolds with pinched flag curvature and some open problems.
NF-kappa B activation of the cytomegalovirus enhancer is mediated by a viral transactivator and by T cell stimulation.

Abstract The expression of cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate early) genes is under control of an enhancer that carries signals for strong constitutive expression as well as response elements for transactivation by viral proteins. We have used synthetic oligonucleotides representing the 16, 18 and 19 bp repeat elements within the enhancer to investigate the role of virus-induced cellular transcription factors in enhancer activation. We show that the transcription factor NF-kappa B, which binds to the 18 bp repeat, plays a central role in enhancer activation in infected human fibroblasts and that activation is mediated by the product of the viral gene ie1. The simian immunodeficiency virus kappa B site can functionally substitute for the 18 bp element in transient transactivation assays and can also compete efficiently for specific binding to the 18 bp repeat element in vitro. Point mutations in the NF-kappa B site within the 18 bp element disrupt ie1-mediated transactivation and binding. We have found that the characteristics of the 18 bp binding factor from human fibroblasts are indistinguishable from NF-kappa B induced by phorbol ester plus mitogen treatment of T lymphocytes, as determined by gel mobility shift assay as well as protection of the binding site from chemical cleavage. Furthermore, T cell stimulation mediates activation of the viral enhancer via kappa B sites, an observation that may be important in the interaction of cytomegalovirus with the naturally infected human host. Thus, NF-kappa B plays a central role as a target for enhancer activation via viral and cellular factors.
Glass Ceilings and Glass Doors? Internal and External Hiring in an Organizational Hierarchy

With few exceptions, past research on the glass ceiling has assumed that the barriers to women’s advancement in organizations reflect sex differences in internal promotion processes. This assumption, however, has never before been the subject of close scrutiny. We examine sex differences in how are jobs filled - both internally and externally - across the levels of the hierarchy of a large BioPharma firm. There is an apparent “glass ceiling” observed among people filling these jobs: the percentage of females declines over increasing levels of the hierarchy. However, when considering the gender distribution of the pool of candidates for these openings, among both internals and externals, we find that women are more likely than men to be hired. We find that this female advantage declines as one goes up the hierarchy, but only weak evidence for the glass ceiling argument that women experience barriers to access for jobs at higher levels of the organization. Contrary to the glass door theory, we find little evidence that women experience barriers in external hiring. Women are more likely than men to be hired from outside the firm, and this pattern does not decline as one goes up the levels of the organizational hierarchy. For both internals and externals, a key factor producing differences in gender composition across levels of the organization is the gendered nature of the candidate pools for jobs at different levels.
Applications: aerospace, automotive and other structural applications of magnesium

This chapter discusses the material properties and mass saving potential of magnesium alloys in comparison with major structural materials: mild steel, advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), aluminum, polymers, and polymer composites. The alloy development and manufacturing processes of cast and wrought magnesium alloys are summarized. Structural applications of magnesium alloys in automotive, aerospace, and power tools industries are reviewed in this chapter. The opportunities and challenges of magnesium alloys for structural applications are discussed.
A plant-responsive bacterial-signaling system senses an ethanolamine derivative

Certain plant-associated Proteobacteria sense their host environment by detecting an unknown plant signal recognized by a member of a LuxR subfamily of transcription factors. This interkingdom communication is important for both mutualistic and pathogenic interactions. The Populus root endophyte Pseudomonas sp. GM79 possesses such a regulator, named PipR. In a previous study we reported that PipR activates an adjacent gene (pipA) coding for a proline iminopeptidase in response to Populus leaf macerates and peptides and that this activation is dependent on a putative ABC-type transporter [Schaefer AL, et al. (2016) mBio 7:e01101-16]. In this study we identify a chemical derived from ethanolamine that induces PipR activity at picomolar concentrations, and we present evidence that this is the active inducer present in plant leaf macerates. First, a screen of more than 750 compounds indicated ethanolamine was a potent inducer for the PipR-sensing system; however, ethanolamine failed to bind to the periplasmic-binding protein (PBP) required for the signal response. This led us to discover that a specific ethanolamine derivative, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethylamino) acetamide (HEHEAA), binds to the PBP and serves as a potent PipR-dependent inducer. We also show that a compound, which coelutes with HEHEAA in HPLC and induces pipA gene expression in a PipR-dependent manner, can be found in Populus leaf macerates. This work sheds light on how plant-associated bacteria can sense their environment and on the nature of inducers for a family of plant-responsive LuxR-like transcription factors found in plant-associated bacteria.
Gastrointestinal Development: Implications for Management of Preterm and Term Infants

The gastrointestinal (GI) system provides digestive, absorptive, neuroendocrine, and immunologic functions to support overall health. If normal development is interrupted, a variety of complications and disease can arise. This article explores normal development of the GI tract and specific clinical challenges pertinent to preterm and term infants. Specific topics include abnormal motility, gastroesophageal reflux, current feeding recommendations for preterm infants, effects of parenteral nutrition, and the relationship between the GI tract and the immune system.
Creep of [0/90] Scs-6 Fiber-Reinforced Si3N4 composites:

The creep response of a [0/90] cross-ply SCS-6 fiber-reinforced Si3N4 composite has been measured using four-point flexural loading at temperatures between 1200 - 1300 °C and at stresses ranging fr...
A Human Papillomavirus-Independent Cervical Cancer Animal Model Reveals Unconventional Mechanisms of Cervical Carcinogenesis.

HPV infections are common in healthy women and only rarely cause cervical cancer, suggesting that individual genetic susceptibility may play a critical role in the establishment of persistent HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. Here, we provide convincing in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that differential expression and activation of YAP1 oncogene determine individual susceptibility to HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis. We found that hyperactivation of YAP1 in mouse cervical epithelium was sufficient to induce invasive cervical cancer. Cervical epithelial cell-specific HPV16 E6/E7 and YAP1 double-knockin mouse model demonstrated that high-risk HPV synergized with hyperactivated YAP1 to promote the initiation and progression of cervical cancer. Our mechanistic studies indicated that hyperactivation of YAP1 in cervical epithelial cells facilitated HPV infection by increasing the putative HPV receptor molecules and disrupting host cell innate immunity. Our finding reveals an unconventional mechanism for cervical carcinogenesis.
Snow roosting reduces temperature-associated stress in a wintering bird.

Animals in temperate northern regions employ a variety of strategies to cope with the energetic demands of winter. Behavioral plasticity may be important, as winter weather conditions are increasingly variable as a result of modern climate change. If behavioral strategies for thermoregulation are no longer effective in a changing environment, animals may experience physiological stress, which can have fitness consequences. We monitored winter roosting behavior of radio–tagged ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), recorded snow depth and temperature, and assayed droppings for fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM). Grouse FCM levels increased with declining temperatures. FCM levels were high when snow was shallow, but decreased rapidly as snow depth increased beyond 20 cm. When grouse used snow burrows, there was no effect of temperature on FCM levels. Snow burrowing is an important strategy that appears to allow grouse to mediate the possibly stressful effects of cold temperatures. This is one of the first studies to explore how variable winter weather conditions influence stress in a free–living cold–adapted vertebrate and its ability to mediate this relationship behaviorally. Animals that depend on the snowpack as a winter refuge will likely experience increased stress and possible fitness costs resulting from the loss of snow cover due to climate change.
Diet and Exercise Are not Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass and Sarcopenia in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Abstract Background There is limited understanding about why sarcopenia is happening in bladder cancer, and which modifiable and nonmodifiable patient-level factors affect its occurrence. Objective The objective is to determine the extent to which nonmodifiable risk factors, modifiable lifestyle risk factors, or cancer-related factors are determining body composition changes and sarcopenia in bladder cancer survivors. Design, setting, and participants Patients above 18 yr of age with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of bladder cancer and a history of receiving care at Duke University Medical Center between January 1, 1996 and June 30, 2017 were included in this study. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Bladder cancer survivors from our institution were assessed for their dietary intake patterns utilizing the Diet History Questionnaire II (DHQ-II) and physical activity utilizing the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long form (IPAQ-L) tools. Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI2010) scores were calculated from DHQ-II results. Body composition was evaluated using Slice-O-Matic computed tomography scan image analysis at L3 level and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated by three independent raters. Results and limitations A total of 285 patients were evaluated in the study, and the intraclass correlation for smooth muscle area was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.98) between raters. The proportions of patients who met the definition of sarcopenia were 72% for men and 55% of women. Univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that older age, male gender, and black race were highly significant predictors of SMI, whereas tumor stage and grade, chemotherapy, and surgical procedures were not predictors of SMI. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that modifiable lifestyle factors, including total physical activity (p = 0.830), strenuousness (high, moderate, and low) of physical activity (p = 0.874), individual nutritional components (daily calories, p = 0.739; fat, p = 0.259; carbohydrates, p = 0.983; and protein, p = 0.341), and HEI2010 diet quality (p = 0.822) were not associated with SMI. Conclusions Lifestyle factors including diet quality and physical activity are not associated with SMI and therefore appear to have limited impact on sarcopenia. Sarcopenia may largely be affected by nonmodifiable risk factors. Patient summary In this report, we aim to determine whether lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity were the primary drivers of body composition changes and sarcopenia in bladder cancer survivors. We found that lifestyle factors including dietary habits, individual nutritional components, and physical activity do not demonstrate an association with skeletal muscle mass, and therefore may have limited impact on sarcopenia.
Case 30-2019: A 65-Year-Old Woman with Lung Cancer and Chest Pain.

A Woman with Lung Cancer and Chest Pain A 65-year-old woman presented to the hospital with chest pain and dyspnea. Three weeks earlier, treatment with nivolumab had been initiated for metastatic KR...
Supplier Performance Management in Context of Size and Sector Characteristics of Enterprises

Purpose: The paper deals with the differences of supplier performance management characteristics by different size of the enterprises and sectors of industry. Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a questionnaire survey carried out in 2016-2019 in 366 enterprises. Four hypotheses were formulated, focused on supplier selection preferences, frequency of supply evaluation, providing feedback to the suppliers about their performance and quality control. The results are analyzed by the tests of Chi-square statistics. Findings: The results show that the enterprises differ in the criteria of the selection of the supplier, frequency of supply evaluation and providing feedback to the suppliers about their performance according to their sector industry. In terms of the size of the enterprises, differences were found only in the evaluation of suppliers and evaluation feedback. Enterprises did not differ in quality control of the deliveries. Research Limitation/implication: The results show that quality is the most evaluated criterion in the selection of the suppliers. In the future, the importance of other environmental and Industry 4.0 criteria will grow. It is recommended combining supplier evaluation and reviews with the feedback to the suppliers to improve the performance of the suppliers. Originality/Value of paper: The study compares the enterprises in terms of their size and industries in the area of supplier performance management characteristics. These criteria are often not mentioned nor compared in other publications.
Resonant cavity enhanced heterojunction phototransistors based on type-II superlattices

Abstract Resonant cavity enhanced heterojunction phototransistor based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb type-II superlattice grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been demonstrated. The resonant wavelength was designed to be at near 1.9 μm wavelength range at room temperature. An eleven-pair lattice matched GaSb-AlAsSb quarter-wavelength Bragg reflector was used in the RCE-HPT to enhance the photoresponse. The device showed the wavelength selectivity and a cavity enhancement of the responsivity at 1.9 μm at room temperature.
Evaluation of Field Studies of UVB Radiation Effects on Antarctic Marine Primary Productivity

Phytoplankton productivity can account for half the global production of organic carbon each year. Serious concerns exist that global thinning of atmospheric ozone (O3) and associated enhancement of UV-B radiation, may impair phytoplankton primary productivity. Thus it is essential to quantify O3-related effects on primary production and elucidate regulating mechanisms underlying any impairment of phytoplankton biology by UV-B under natural conditions. Field studies conducted under the influence of the severe Antarctic O3 hole can provide the sensitivity required to quantify O3-dependent impacts on marine primary production. Given the further reduction in global stratospheric O3 expected to occur at all latitudes over the next century, the findings of these field studies may also be relevant outside polar regions.
Metabolic implications of non-electrogenic ATP/ADP exchange in cancer cells: A mechanistic basis for the Warburg effect.

Abstract In post-mitotic cells, mitochondrial ATP/ADP exchange occurs by the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). Driven by membrane potential (ΔΨ), ANT catalyzes electrogenic exchange of ATP4− for ADP3−, leading to higher ATP/ADP ratios in the cytosol than mitochondria. In cancer cells, ATP/ADP exchange occurs not by ANT but likely via the non-electrogenic ATP-Mg/phosphate carrier. Consequences of non-electrogenic exchange are: 1) Cytosolic ATP/ADP decreases to stimulate aerobic glycolysis. 2) Without proton utilization for exchange, ATP/O increases by 35% for complete glucose oxidation. 3) Decreased cytosolic ATP/ADP Pi increases NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+. Increased NADH increases lactate/pyruvate, and increased NADPH promotes anabolic metabolism. Fourth, increased mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ magnifies the redox span across Complexes I and III, which increases ΔΨ, reactive oxygen species generation, and susceptibility to ferroptosis. 5) Increased mitochondrial NADPH/NADP+ favors a reverse isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 reaction with citrate accumulation and export for biomass formation. Consequently, 2-oxoglutarate formation occurs largely via oxidation of glutamine, the preferred respiratory substrate of cancer cells. Overall, non-electrogenic ATP/ADP exchange promotes aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and confers specific growth advantages to cancer cells.
Substituent effects in dioxovanadium(V) schiff-base complexes: Tuning the outcomes of oxidation reactions

Abstract Dioxovanadium(V) salicylaldehyde semicarbazone complexes with substituents on the ligand that span the range of electron donating (methoxy) to electron withdrawing (nitro) have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, CV and EPR. The reactivity of these complexes toward the oxidation of styrene (as compared to the proteo complex and vanadyl acetylacetonate) has been studied in the presence of two different oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, TBHP). The complexes have been shown to exhibit different selectivity towards epoxidation versus oxidative cleavage based on the substitution of the ligand and the oxidant chosen. Epoxidation is favored with the methoxy substituted complex in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, while oxidative cleavage is the preferred reaction pathway for the nitro substituted complex with hydrogen peroxide. Conversions for these reaction are comparable to similar catalysts but with improved selectivity.
Psychological Distress and Physical Health Symptoms in the Latinx Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Role of Anxiety Sensitivity.

The outbreak of the novel 2019 SARS2-Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to substantial physical and mental health consequences. Rates of mortality and hospitalization are highest among those of racial and ethnic minority persons, including Latinx persons. Further, Latinx persons have been experiencing elevated mental health problems in response to the pandemic compared to non-Latinx Whites. The current study examined whether individual differences in anxiety sensitivity (AS) related to more severe emotional distress associated with social distancing, financial strain, fear of COVID-19, and physical health symptoms stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic among Latinx adults. Participants included 188 Latinx persons (31.4% female, Mage = 34.1 years, SD = 8.16) recruited via an online survey panel program. Results indicated that AS significantly contributed to increased severity of the emotional stress response associated with social distancing (ΔR2 = 0.15, p < 0.001), financial strain (ΔR2 = 0.15, p < 0.001), physical health symptoms (ΔR2 = 0.03, p = 0.006), and fear of COVID-19 (ΔR2 = 0.15, p < 0.001). These effects were evident over and above the variance accounted for by gender, years living in the United States, education, and work and home life COVID-19-related stress. These cross-sectional findings suggest AS may be an important individual difference factor for better understanding mental health among Latinx persons in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Composite properties from instrumented load tests on mini-piers reinforced with geotextiles

Four pairs of large-scale instrumented geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) square columns were load tested to study the effects of varying reinforcement strength to spacing ratio, to discern the lateral pressures during construction and during load testing, and to derive shear strength parameters of the GRS composite. Each pair was identical in every respect, except one was loaded with a dry-stacked concrete masonry unit (CMU) facing in place and the other without. Lateral pressures during construction were found to be small for the facing type used in this study. Also, based on the derived GRS composite shear strength parameters, it was found that (1) the GRS composite Mohr–Coulomb envelopes are not parallel to those for the unreinforced soil; (2) the reinforcement increased the composite cohesion compared to the unreinforced soil (cohesion increases with decreasing spacing and increasing reinforcement strength); (3) the composite friction angle is less than that of the unreinforced soil (friction angle increases with decreasing reinforcement strength and increasing spacing); (4) as the composite friction angle increases, the active lateral earth pressure coefficient decreases; and (5) the benefits of reinforcing a soil become increasingly significant as the reinforcement spacing decreases.
Fetal bradycardia associated with paracervical block anesthesia in labor.

Abstract Paracervical block was undertaken 50 times in 48 patients in normal labor. Fetal heart rate and uterine contractions were monitored and electronically recorded. Fetal bradycardia was observed following 26 per cent of the paracervical blocks. Post paracervical block bradycardia was found to occur within 10 minutes of the block and had a mean duration of 10 minutes. The bradycardia was uninfluenced by uterine contractions. The fetal heart rate occasionally fell as low as 58 beats per minute but usually hovered between 80 and 100. Bradycardia of the nature described is relatively benign, if other causes of bradycardia are not present. Fetal bradycardia which persists beyond 15 minutes indicates more serious toxicity.
Testing hybridization hypotheses and evaluating the evolutionary potential of hybrids in mangrove plant species

Natural hybridization is of marked importance from global to local biological diversity. In mangroves, species ranges overlap extensively with one another and species share a long overlap of flowering time. Although hybridization has been suggested, patterns of hybridization and the evolutionary potential of hybrids are not yet fully understood. This study provides molecular evidence for the parental origins and status of hybrids in the dominant mangrove genus Rhizophora based on comparisons of chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies and estimations of genetic relatedness and structure from inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that almost all species can act as maternal parents to hybrids and that hybridization can be bidirectional. Bayesian analyses indicate that hybrids are simple F(1) s, and no trace of backcrossing was detected within populations. Hybridization, for the most part, occurs almost only locally and dispersal of hybrid individuals is limited beyond the hybrid sites.
Panbiogeography of New Caledonia: a response to Heads (2008)

The definition of areas of endemism is one of the most important steps for historical biogeography. Here I review the dataset used by Heads (Journal of Biogeography, 2008, 35, 2153–2175) for his panbiogeographical analysis of the New Caledonian biota. I highlight that some of the distribution data appear dubious (some localities should have been included while some others should have been deleted) when compared with current databases. In addition, some conclusions are not supported by the data themselves.
Workplace Stigma-Related Experiences Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Workers: Implications for Social Policy and Practice

Employment discrimination against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people is a significant social welfare problem. This quantitative study examines the extent of discrimination among a sample of LGB workers in Chicago. Using a convenience sample (N = 215) of LGB workers, ages 18 to 64, experiences of LGB workers were examined with several existing measures. Findings of the study were that stigma experiences differ by certain demographic characteristics. Work is an important part of our lives, yet many LGB workers are prevented from full participation in the workplace due to stigma-related experiences.
Identifying conditions to optimize lactic acid production from food waste co-digested with primary sludge

Abstract Lactic acid is a platform chemical useful for the production of polymers, oxychemicals, solvents, and for biological nutrient removal in wastewater streams. Food waste offers a renewable feedstock to produce lactic acid, but the co-digestion with sludge has not been suitably studied. In this study, response surface methodology was used to identify the pH, temperature, loading rate, and retention time for co-digestion of foodwaste and primary sludge that optimized lactic acid production. The optimum conditions occur at pH 5.5 and temperature 41 °C. A loading rate of 150 g L−1 volatile solids food waste maximizes lactate yield while 250 g L−1 volatile solids maximizes lactate concentration, resulting in 48 g L−1 and 58 g L−1 lactate respectively. Optical purity and ammonium concentration were evaluated to inform end uses. This research indicates that the co-digestion can achieve 97% of theoretical yield while requiring less pH adjustment and retention time than experiments that did not co-digest with primary sludge.
Stability of Ascorbic Acid in Solutions Stored in Autosampler Vials

Ascorbic acid (AA) is one of the most important water-soluble antioxidants in biological systems. It is believed to be essential for scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing the mutation rate of DNA and preventing the development of diseases associated with gene mutations (1). AA plays an integral role in the synthesis of connective tissue and reduces biochemical cofactors and substrates (1). Serum concentrations of AA reflect the availability of AA for biochemical processes in humans and investigated animals (1). Our laboratory has been studying the precision and accuracy of serum AA concentration measurements performed by the medical research community (2). We have prepared several stable reference materials, as well as the stable Standard Reference Material (SRM) 970, Ascorbic Acid in Human Serum, for evaluating laboratory performance in the measurement of AA in human serum (2). We have distributed these materials in several international collaborative studies. These studies indicated that the interlaboratory precision is poorer than expected (relative SD, 10–30%). However, our laboratory studies on SRM 970 and other standard materials indicate that it is possible to routinely measure AA accurately with a high degree of precision (2). Recently, we observed a significant decrease in the concentration of AA in our calibration solutions during the course of several experiments. We now document that the inside surface of glassware may contain materials that measurably degrade AA within a short period of time (<24 h). This is particularly true for autosampler vials used to hold samples for chromatography. This degradation may also occur in tubes and vials used in the collection and processing of blood and serum samples. It may well be that this type of degradation accounts for a substantial amount of the observed interlaboratory variation. …
Nuclear Rotational Spectra, the Elliott Model, and the P 2 Force

The essential features of the Elliott model with the momentum-dependent quadrupole-quadrupole operator which leads to $L(L+1)$ rotational spectra are reviewed. The operator is reduced to a momentum-independent residual interaction which differs somewhat from the ${P}_{2}$ interaction. The model Hamiltonian is separated into a rotational Hamiltonian, a deformed "intrinsic" Hamiltonian, and a perturbation term. The eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the "intrinsic" Hamiltonian are found and used in Inglis' cranking model formula to calculate the moment of inertia. The model is modified, in a simple configuration, by taking a mixture of the long-range "${P}_{2}$" interaction with the short-range $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function force. For an intermediate mixture the spectrum obtained resembles the spectrum predicted by the collective vibrational Model. Finally, the implications of a ${P}_{2}$ residual interaction for direct-interaction inelastic scattering processes are considered. The question is discussed whether one can actually see the ${P}_{2}$ residual interaction in rotational nuclei, and, if so, whether the strength of the ${P}_{2}$ interaction determined from such scattering experiments is consistent with the strength determined from the observed rotational spectra. Within the rough approximations made, the few experimental results available are not inconsistent with the calculation.