cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-Based Scatter Corrections for Scintillation Camera Images of Iodine-131

The use of high-dose 131 I antibody therapy requires accurate measurement of normal tissue uptake to optimize the therapeutic dose. One of the factors limiting the accuracy of such measurements is scatter and collimator septal penetration. This study evaluated two classes of energy-based scatter corrections for quantitative 131 I imaging : window-based and spectrum-fitting. Methods : The window-based approaches estimate scatter from data in two or three energy windows placed on either side of the 364-keV photopeak using empirical weighting factors. A set of images from spheres in an elliptical phantom were used to evaluate each of the window-based corrections. The spectrum-fitting technique estimates detected scatter at each pixel by fitting the observed energy spectrum with a function that models the photopeak and scatter, and which incorporates the response function of the camera. This technique was evaluated using a set of Rollo phantom images. Results : All of the window-based methods performed significantly better than a single photopeak window (338-389 keV), but the weighting factors were found to depend on the object being imaged. For images contaminated with scatter, the spectrum-fitting method significantly improved quantitation over photopeak windowing. Little difference, however, between any of the methods was observed for images containing small amounts of scatter. Conclusion : Most clinical 131 I imaging protocols will benefit from qualitative and quantitative improvements provided by the spectrum-fitting scatter correction. The technique offers the practical advantage that it does not require phantom-based calibrations. Finally, our results suggest that septal penetration and scatter in the collimator and other detector-head components are important sources of error in quantitative 131 I images.
Ligand Tuning in Asymmetric Hydrovinylation of 1,3-Dienes. A Stereoselective Route to either Steroid-C20 (S) or -C20 (R) Derivatives

1,3-Dienes derived from steroidal D-ring C 17-ketones undergo Ni(II)-catalyzed hydrovinylation to give 1,2- or 1,4-addition of ethylene. Using finely tuned phosphoramidite ligands, it is possible to synthesize either the C 20 ( R)- or ( S)-derivatives without mutual contamination. The proportion of the 1,4-adduct, which is also formed stereoselectively, can be minimized by optimizing the reaction conditions. Because the two alkenes in the resultant dienes have differing steric demands for many potential reactions, and are ideally juxtaposed for further D-ring functionalization, these intermediates could be useful for the preparation of biologically important compounds such as vitamin D analogs and various antitumor steroidal glycosides.
The Boundaries and Constituencies of History

"How Wide is the Circle of We?" historian David Hollinger asked a decade ago.' He was pointing out the decline of confidence since 1940 in species-wide generalization in the human sciences. But his phrase seems to speak directly to the question of the humanities and citizenship today, when many, including me, think that the exclusiveness of national citizenship needs to give way to more cosmopolitan affiliations. The question is whether the humanitieswith their reference to the human-have a role in such a development. Can we expect the humanities to help widen the circle of we? Historically, the sponsor and constituency of the academic humanities has been the nation-state, not the whole of humanity. Though the humanities disciplines have spoken for the value of the human, they have never until our own time proposed to embrace all humans. The creation of the academic humanities as professional scholarly fields was intertwined with the making of the modem nation-state. Indeed, those peoples who were not organized into nation-states were beyond the ken for professional historians and were relegated to the discipline of anthropology. History as a discipline was in fact a key collaborator in the work of distinguishing those who considered themselves "civilized" from those they considered not so--for the reason of lacking a written literature and archives-based history. But this has changed in the past quarter century; moreover, the same move from parochialism to expansion and cosmopolitan inclusion is occurring in literary studies, art history, and musicology. The world is now fully organized into nation-states, and humanities scholars are now more inclusive in their reach. Scholarship shuns the language of civilized and uncivilized, and all of humanity has been brought into the portfolio of history and literary studies. Parallel with this development there have been calls, as historian Prasenjit Duara titled his 1995 book Rescuing History from the Nation, to "rescue history from the nation." Similar calls have been made for literary studies, where border crossing has become a way
British journal pricing: Enigma variations, or what will the U.S. market bear?

Abe&act - ~~at~~ed with the ~a1 ~planations British pub~~hers have offered for the large price differentials between their U.K. and US. customersexplanations such as increased distribution costs and currency fluctuations- the author examined 108 journals published by seven major British publishers. He compared their U.K. and U.S. prices and price differentials against four “Value indicators”: local use, citation frequency, a listing in Katz 3 Magazines for Libraries, and QCLC holding libraries, He has found that high prices and high price differentials correlate with high indicators of use/value. Lie concludes that the data suggest that British publishers arepricing their journals in the U.S. market according to what that market is apparently willing to bear. He further suggests that the challenge for libraries arising from this pricing strategy is to identifv on-going mechanisms for measuring value against price, in order to ensure that the price any publ~her demands for a title corresponds to the value delivered.
Tasks Scheduling Based on Neural Networks in Grid

Grid infrastructures have been used to solve large scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. The management and composition of resources and services for scheduling applications, however, becomes a complex undertaking. Predicting the runtime of a task, an important component of the resource management, plays an important role in the task scheduling and the resource using in computational grid. This paper presents a predicting model of task's runtime based on BP neural networks considering several factors which is the heart of any scheduling and resource allocation algorithm. The method has many advantages including small network structure, quick learning and use conveniently etc. This paper presents also a scheduling algorithm considering task's user deadline. The experiment results indicate that the method is effective and has higher accuracy.
Use of Mnemonics in Learning Novel Foreign Vocabulary: Help or Hindrance?

Research has consistently indicated that the use of mnemonic devices substantially enhances higher levels of retention in immediate recall of second language vocabulary words in comparison with other learning strategies. However, the evidence does not explain why the immediate benefits of mnemonic devices fail to extend to long-term retention. In addition, research on mnemonics has drawn mostly on the assessment of phonetic-hospitable languages such as English (as opposed to image-hospitable languages such as Chinese). To examine the use of mnemonic devices more thoroughly, this review will draw on psychological research on memory to discuss the efficacy of mnemonic methods, as opposed to rote rehearsal, in learning vocabulary in phonetic- and image-hospitable languages.
Warfarin Elimination and Responsiveness in Patients with Renal Dysfunction

Plasma warfarin half-life was estimated in four patients with renal dysfunction and five normal control subjects. Hypoprothrombinemic responsiveness to a single oral dose of warfarin (0.75 mg/kg) was also evaluated for both groups. The mean warfarin half-life of 29.9+/-5.0 (S.E.M.) hours for renal patients was significantly shorter than the 44.8+/-6.0 hours half-life for normal controls (P less than 0.05). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between warfarin half-life and creatinine clearance. Pharmacologic responsiveness to warfarin was comparable for both groups. It therefore appears that patients with renal dysfunction do not possess an increased susceptibility, either pharmacokinetic or pharmacologic, to the hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin.
Selective Obliteration of the Epidermal Calcium Gradient Leads to Enhanced Lamellar Body Secretion

The epidermal permeability barrier is formed by lipids delivered to the intercellular spaces through the secretion of lamellar bodies. Prior studies have shown that the rate of lamellar body secretion appears to be regulated by the extracellular calcium content of the upper epidermis, which is altered following permeability barrier disruption. To determine directly whether changes in extracellular calcium content in the upper epidermis versus disruption of the barrier regulate lamellar body secretion, we experimentally manipulated the Ca++ content of the upper epidermis by sonophoresis of aqueous solutions containing physiologic Ca++ (and K+) versus ion-free solutions across hairless mouse stratum corneum. Sonophoresis at 15 MHz did not alter barrier function, but in the absence of Ca++ the extracellular calcium content of the outer epidermis, as revealed by ion capture cytochemistry, was displaced downward toward the basal layer and dermis. In contrast, following sonophoresis of Ca(++)-containing solutions, the extracellular Ca++ gradient became obscured by excess Ca++ in the cytosol at all levels of the epidermis. These changes in the extracellular calcium content lead, in turn, to accelerated lamellar body secretion (with low Ca++), or basal rates of lamellar body secretion (with normal Ca++). These results demonstrate that the epidermal extracellular calcium content in the upper epidermis can be manipulated by sonophoresis without prior barrier disruption, and that changes in the Ca++ gradient induce lamellar body secretion, independent of barrier disruption.
In-process control in thermal rapid prototyping

This article addresses thermal feedback control of distributed-parameter, dynamic nonlinear heat transfer phenomena involved in rapid prototyping processes. These mechanisms are captured in a numerical simulation of the thermal field generated during such operations. For the design of a multivariable controller, a linearized state-space model of lumped temperatures and heat inputs on a grid is established, and its parameters are identified in-process. The controller gains are adapted in real time through optimization of the closed-loop pole placement by a simplex method, minimizing the distance of the actual from the desired system eigenvalues. This control strategy is validated both by simulation and in the laboratory, where temperature feedback from an infrared camera is used to modulate the power and motion of a plasma-arc torch in laminated object manufacturing.
Specificity of individual differences of relationship between forearm "strengths" and speed of forearm flexion.

Abstract Forearm flexion strength of 65 college men was measured at two distances from the elbow at each of three angles of the forearm. The speed of forearm flexion movement was measured through an arc of 85°. Ebel intraclass reliabilities for strength and speed were high, i.e., .95 to .99. The extremely low correlations between limb strength and speed of movement, which ranged from —.06 to .14, are in agreement with the majority of the low correlations reported in earlier studies. The findings of this study support the theory of specificity in that individual differences in the speed of a limb involving a single joint are predominantly independent of strength measures associated with that limb and joint.
Color and Luminance: A 24 Bit Analysis of Eccentric Photorefraction Combined with the Brückner Red Reflex (VVDA)

Bruckner reflex, eccentric photorefraction contour plotting of separate red, green and blue channels gives a 24 bit analysis revealing minimal to no dead space. Patterns remain regardless of pupil size. Algorithms defining chromatic relationships for various refractive powers and pupil sizes are being developed.
Pre-Natal Epigenetic Influences on Acute and Chronic Diseases Later in Life, such as Cancer: Global Health Crises Resulting from a Collision of Biological and Cultural Evolution

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a “feast or famine” manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via “epigenetic”, or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.
Measurement of HOx• production rate due to radon decay in air

Radon in indoor air may cause the exposure of the public to excessive radioactivity. Radiolysis of water vapor in indoor air due to radon decay could produce ({center_dot}OH and HO{sub 2} {center_dot}) that may convert atmospheric constituents to compounds of lower vapor pressure. These lower vapor pressure compounds might then nucleate to form new particles in the indoor atmosphere. Chemical amplification was used to determine HO{sub x}{center_dot} production rate in indoor air caused by radon decay. Average HO{sub x}{center_dot} production rate was found to be (4.31{plus_minus}0.07) {times} 10{sup 5} HO{sub x}{center_dot} per Rn decay per second (Bq) 3.4 to 55.0% at 22C. This work provided G{sub (HO{sub x}{center_dot})}-value, 7.86{plus_minus}0.13 No./100 eV in air by directly measuring [HO{sub x}{center_dot}] formed from the radiolysis procedure. This G value implies that HO{sub x}{center_dot} produced by radon decay in air might be formed by multiple processes and may be result of positive ion-molecule reactions, primary radiolysis, and radical reactions. There is no obvious relation between HO{sub x}{center_dot} production rate and relative humidity. A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system has been used for {center_dot}OH production rate measurement; it consists of an excimer laser, a dye laser, a frequency doubler, a gaseous fluorescence chamber, and other opticalmore » and electronic parts. This system needs to be improved to eliminate the interferences of light scattering and artificial {center_dot}OH produced from the photolysis of O{sub 3}/H{sub 2}O.« less
Continuity of Care Follow-up Update: Results of a Consensus Multidisciplinary 8-Week Postradiation Tumor Response Evaluation Algorithm

these cases included nerves innervating the involved skin dermatome but not SBG. Seventy-three percent of observed patients and 31% of irradiated patients with MEPNI recurred. Two years RFS in nerves (94% vs 25% respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006-0.5, PZ.01) and DFS (73% vs 40%, HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.1-0.99, PZ.05) rates were significantly higher in the treated MEPNI pts compared with the observed. Twenty-seven of 37 patients (73%) diagnosed with MFPNI were observed; the rest were treated with RT. Patients with MFPNI had a low rate of neural and overall failure, and there was no significant benefit to irradiation in these patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the patterns of failure and the role of RT for patients with HNCSCC, GCNI, MEPNI. Awareness of these patterns and knowledge of the cranial nerves anatomy should serve as guidelines for target volume delineation. In patients with MEPNI, RT is associated with fewer gross perineural recurrences and better DFS, compared with the observation strategy. Author Disclosure: E. Sapir: None. A.A. Tolpadi: None. S. Samuels: None. M. Ibrahim: None. E. Elalfy: None. J.B. McHugh: None. A. Eisbruch: None.
New Insights into the Life Cycle Approach

Abstract Life cycle or logistics curves have been used in government and industry in recent years to predict project oriented manpower. A plausible theory is advanced to justify the use of these curves. Assumptions about project characteristics are used to derive a form of life cycle curve which appears to have general application. One possible application is described.
Dystonia in FMR1 Premutation Carriers (P01.222)

Objective: 1) To investigate the prevalence of dystonia in Fragile X mental retardation ( FMR1 ) premutation carriers with or without Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) compared to normal controls. (2) To investigate the association in the FMR1 premutation carriers between dystonia and FMR1 CGG repeat length and gender. Background FXTAS is characterized by tremor, ataxia, and parkinsonism in FMR1 premutation carriers. In the literature, isolated case studies have described dystonia in FMR1 premutation carriers, and we hypothesized that dystonia may be more common in these patients than in age-matched controls. Design/Methods: One hundred forty-six FMR1 premutation carriers and 98 age-matched controls underwent a videotaped protocol of neurological testing. A movement disorders specialist blinded to mutation status rated the videotapes using the FXTAS Motor Rating Scale. The control group was composed predominantly of spouses of the carriers and all cases and controls were recruited through fragile X syndrome probands. Results: There were no significant differences between the cases (11%) and controls (7.1%) with respect to dystonia prevalence (p=0.32). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the odds of dystonia in carriers, adjusted for gender and age (OR 1.62; CI, 0.64 - 4.10). There was no increased likelihood of dystonia with increasing CGG repeat size, adjusting for gender and age (p=0.65).Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed no significant difference in CGG repeat size between subjects with and without dystonia (p=0.52). Conclusions: The prevalence of dystonia in FMR1 premutation carriers is not significantly different compared to age matched controls using age and gender as covariates, and there is no association between CGG repeat length and dystonia. Despite isolated case reports of dystonia in FMR1 premutation carriers, our results do not suggest a higher likelihood of dystonia in these patients. Supported by: K23NS052487 (DAH); RL1AG032115 (RJH). Disclosure: Dr. Vaughan has received personal compensation for activities Merz Pharma. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goetz has received personal compensation for activities with Asubio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Campbell Alliance, CNS Therapeutics, Curry Rockerfeller Group, Health Advances, Impax Pharmaceuticals, Ingenix, Juvantia Pharma LTD as a consultant and participant on an advisory board. Dr. Goetz has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Movement Disorders and Oxford University Press. Dr. Goetz has received research support from Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Institute of Health and Parkinson9s Disease Foundation. Dr. Berry-Kravis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hagerman has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis and Roche Diagnostics Corporation.Dr. Hagerman has received research support from Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Novartis, Seaside Therapeutics, Forest Laboratories, Inc., Curemark, NFXF and NIH. Dr. Leehey has received personal compensation for activities with Gerson Lehrman Group as a consultant. Dr. Hall has nothing to disclose.
Charles E. Braswell: A Man with Vision

The purpose of this paper was to sketch a biography of Charles Edward Braswell, and to examine the contributions he made to the field of music therapy, including his work at Loyola University, his influence on the growth of music therapy in Louisiana. The paper also examined Braswell's involvement in the National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT), and his myriad contributions that influenced the growth and development of NAMT.
Fast five survey results and response.

A few months ago, we did a “fast five” survey. We wanted to know how readers felt about the October issue of the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA). We limited the survey to 5 questions and got 244 responses. We thank each respondent for taking the time and effort to help us. Just for background, because it was a “convenience sample,” the results are not definitive. A convenience sample is one in which the researchers do not try to get answers from people who represent the population of interest. Typically, convenience samples are obtained by putting a survey notice on an email list such as MEDLIB-L, which we did. But like many of the articles published in the JMLA, the results, while not definitive, have interest and provoke thought and possible further research. For example, our results suggest that case studies seem popular. So now we will dedicate a special issue to case studies. One or more sections of the JMLA may be less popular. We will see if we can make them more interesting or perhaps drop them as regular features. A Facebook or Twitter link to the JMLA electronic copy was suggested. We passed this excellent suggestion on to Lauren M. Young, JMLA social media dissemination editor, who is now pursuing it. Most of our survey respondents serve a mix of clients and could not separate them into dominant groups such as clinicians, students and teachers, or researchers (Table 1 and Figure 1). This supports the egalitarian focus of the JMLA and suggests that researchers should use different classifications than place of work to adjust survey results. Table 1 Who is the primary user of your library? Figure 1 Who is the primary user of your library?
AIDS: human rights and responsibilities

As epidemiology changes and new therapies emerge, the focus of disease control is shifting from the voluntary to the mandatory. This is reflected in debates about routine HIV testing of newborns and the confidentiality of HIV-infected adults. Other issues include access to unproven drugs, the problems posed by co-infection with TB, and prevention through needle and condom distribution.
Not all are created equal: an analysis of the environmental programs/departments in U.S. Institutions of Higher Education from 1900 until March 2014.

Environmental academic programs in U.S. institutions of higher education have traditionally lacked definition of their nature and unifying principles. In order to ascertain how these programs are presently constituted in U.S. institutions of higher education, we surveyed 1050 environmental programs/departments between November 2013 and March of 2014. The states with the highest number of those programs/departments were New York (100), Pennsylvania (92), California (76), Ohio (56), Massachusetts (54), while those with the lowest numbers are Oklahoma, and Utah (4), Delaware (3), Arkansas, Hawaii, South Dakota, and Wyoming (2), North Dakota (1), and Idaho (0). However, when the state population is taken into account and the number of programs per 1,000,000 inhabitants is calculated, the results vary greatly for the ones that were at the top in absolute numbers but remain basically the same for those that were at the bottom in absolute number. Thus, the states with the highest number of programs/departments per 1,000,000 inhabitants are Vermont (30.364), Montana (15.160), Maine (15.056), the District of Columbia (14.957), Alaska (14.080), and Rhode Island (10.451), and at the bottom we find Idaho (0), Arkansas (0.686), Oklahoma (1.066), Texas (1.352), Florida (1.436), Utah (1.447), Hawaii (1.470), and North Dakota (1.487). The names Environmental Science and Environmental Studies are, by far, the most common ones being applied to these programs, accounting for 52.40% of the programs in our study. Environmental programs are also housed in departments of Biology/Ecology/Conservation (9.93%), Policy/Analysis/Planning (7.19%), and Geology (4.79%). Between 1900 (the year of the first program was created) and 1958, only 14 programs were established. For the period 1959-1999, there is a dramatic increase in the number of programs. There are two big "waves" in the creation of programs: one between 1965 and 1976 (with a high peak in 1970) and another starting 1988 and, probably, continuing to this date, with a peak in 1997. Representatives of the programs surveyed cited students and faculty demand and job market opportunities as the most common reasons behind the creation of these programs. The high diversity of names and emphases found in this study is consistent with the premise that Environmental Studies is a field where there is a lack of unifying principles and clarity of what environmental studies programs should be.
Somebody else's antibodies: the characteristics and roles of immune globulins.

UNLABELLED CREDIT: This lesson is good for 0.2 CE units, with a passing grade of 70%. OBJECTIVES After completing this continuing education article, the pharmacist will be able to: 1. Compare and contrast active vs. passive immunity and homologous vs. heterogenous antibodies. 2. Describe the historical development and modern manufacture of immune globulins. 3. Identify the wide range of uses and effects of modern immune globulin products. 4. Discuss the adverse effect profiles of currently available immune globulins.
Scalable network management and control for dynamic agile optical flows

Future optical networks will integrate multi-layer functions, in a fast adapting infrastructure. When the data and control dynamics speed-up by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude as projected, the entire network architecture, from the Physical to the Application Layers, must be redesigned to be scalable. This talk will describe the daunting challenges for this new architecture and propose some avenues for sensible solutions.
Optimal nonlinear scoring function for global fitness landscape of protein design

Protein design aims to identify sequences compatible with a given protein fold but incompatible to any alternative folds. To select the correct sequences and to guide the search process, a design scoring function is critically important. It is also important that a design scoring function can characterize the global fitness landscape of many proteins simultaneously. We describe how finding optimal design scoring functions can be understood from two geometric viewpoints, and propose a formulation using mixture of Gaussian kernel functions. We give results of distinguishing native sequences for a major portion of representative protein structures from a large number of alternative decoy sequences. We succeeded in deriving nonlinear scoring function that perfectly discriminate a set of 440 representative native proteins of known protein structures from 14 million sequence decoys. We show that no linear scoring function can have perfect discrimination. In an independent blind test using 194 unrelated proteins, our scoring function misclassifies only 13 native proteins. This compares favorably with 37 or 51 misclassifications when optimal linear functions reported in literature are used.
A comparison of 4 analgesic regimens for acute postoperative pain control in breast augmentation patients

PURPOSE Patients undergoing breast augmentation are treated with multiple combinations of medications for pain control including ketorolac, liposomal bupivacaine, bupivacaine, and intravenous and oral narcotics. There is no current consensus on the optimal combination; therefore, all are used at the discretion of the surgeon. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study. The total number of patients included was 132. Comparisons were made between 4 groups: bupivacaine only (B); bupivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine (BL); bupivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine plus intraoperative ketorolac (BLKi); and bupivacaine and liposomal bupivacaine plus postoperative ketorolac (BLKp). Average pain scores immediately postoperative and before discharge were recorded and correlated to percentage of patients who received narcotic in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Additional end points noted were side effects including nausea and time spent in PACU postoperatively. RESULTS Those receiving intraoperative ketorolac had the lowest pain on discharge (P < 0.0001) and the lowest percentage of patients receiving narcotics (P = 0.009) out of all 4 groups. There was no significant difference between the 4 groups in terms of time spent in PACU, pain immediately after the procedure, or amount of antiemetic given. No bleeding complications were noted for those who did or did not receive ketorolac. CONCLUSIONS When given options for pain control in breast augmentation, intraoperative ketorolac should be considered, because its inclusion was significant in decreasing use of narcotics and pain upon discharge. Addition of other costly drugs such as liposomal bupivacaine may not provide additional benefit in the immediate postoperative setting for procedures with a short recovery period such as breast augmentation.
Computerized Behavioral Interventions: Current Products and Recommendations for Substance Use Disorder Treatment

Unlike traditional methods of delivering substance use disorder (SUD) and mental health treatment, computerized behavioral interventions deliver services via computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of Web-based treatment programs designed for certain target populations. Studies have shown that many of these programs are evidence-based, and some are just as effective as traditional in-person interventions. This article reviews current computerized behavioral interventions and makes recommendations for how these tools can be incorporated into SUD treatment services.
Novel Mealtime Duration Measures: Reliability and Preliminary Associations With Clinical Feeding and Swallowing Performance in Self-Feeding Children With Cerebral Palsy

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine (a) the reliability of newly developed measures of mealtime duration and (b) their relationship to clinical feeding/swallowing performance in childre...
Between Poetry and History: Real-Time Writings on Holocaust Trains

This article pairs Dan Pagis’s iconic Hebrew poem, “Written in Pencil in the Sealed Railway Car” with letters and postcards Holocaust victims wrote while on deportation trains. I argue that Pagis’s...
Reliability of Intelligence: Issues and Conjectures

The concept of intelligence is proposed applicable in the areas of design and control for a multiplicity of particular cases. Our definition of intelligence allows for understanding the phenomenon of reliability growth in intelligent systems despite of enormous growth of the number of components which happens in the concrete system when we try to increase their intelligence. This paper defends a view that “intelligence” is a tool of making reliable systems out of insufficiently reliable components.
Chapter 5 – Electrical Potential Energy and Electrical Potential

This chapter illustrates that the electrical force on a charge q leads to electrical potential energy, denoted by U. The amount of electric potential energy equals the product of q and a quantity V called the electrical potential, whose unit is the volt. Just as for gravity, where only differences in the gravitational potential are meaningful, or electricity, only differences in the electrical potential are meaningful. Sometimes electrical potential energy is called merely electrical energy. There are two ways to consider electrical potential. (1) From the action-at-a-distance viewpoint, the electrical potential is obtained as a sum of the contributions from every electric charge, with the potential at infinity conventionally taken to be zero. This requires a complete knowledge of the positions and magnitudes of every charge. To obtain the electrical potential difference between two points thus requires the potential at both points. (2) From the field viewpoint, the electrical potential difference between those two points is obtained as an integral over the electric field along some path between them. The field viewpoint is particularly useful in describing real electrical conductors in equilibrium.
OR18. Composite impact of co-ligation of HLA-I and HLA-II antibody-mediated activation of human aortic endothelial cells

Aim Solid organ transplant recipients developing donor specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are at risk for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). It has been reported that as many as 30% of transplanted recipients develop HLA class I (HLA-I) and/or class II DSA during the first year posttransplant. We previously reported that ligation of HLA I or HLA II on the surface of endothelial cells (EC) with antibody (Ab) triggered intracellular signal networks leading to EC proliferation. However, the impact of combined HLA-I and II Ab ligation on endothelial function remains unknown. We hypothesized that combined HLA-I and II ligation cooperate to potentiate EC activation and proliferation signal networks. Methods HLA-II expression in human aortic EC was induced by adenoviral vector expression of CIITA or by pretreatment with TNF α /IFN γ and confirmed by flow cytometry. Ad-CIITA infected or cytokine-treated EC were stimulated with combined HLA-I and II Ab, protein expression and phosphorylation were detected by Western Blot, EC proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Ligation of both HLA-I and II on EC with Ab stimulated a significant increase in phosphorylation of Src, FAK, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, S6K, S6RP, and ERK that was accompanied by EC proliferation. Pharmacological inhibitors targeting Src, PI3K/Akt, and MEK/ERK blocked HLA-II stimulated EC proliferation. Inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 caused ERK overactivation, but no effects on Src, FAK, nor c-Raf. Similarly, suppression of mTORC2 enhanced combined Ab-stimulated ERK activation. Interestingly, 24 h treatment with rapamycin caused hyperphosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, which is different from either HLA-I or HLA-II Ab-mediated signal events. Furthermore, combined treatment of EC with MEK inhibitor UO126 and rapamycin abrogated combined Ab-stimulated activation of Akt and ERK, and further blocked EC proliferation. Conclusions Treatment with dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors suppresses a novel negative feedback loop mediated by mTORC2, leading to enhanced PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathway activity in combined HLA-I and II Ab-activated signal networks in EC. This data suggests that combined ERK and dual PI3K/mTORC2 inhibitors will be required to achieve optimal efficacy in controlling combined HLA I and II Ab-mediated AMR.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional α-PbO from First Principles

We performed first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory to investigate the electronic and optical properties of monolayer, bilayer, and bulk litharge α-PbO, including spin–orbit coupling effects. The fundamental gap is direct for the monolayer (4.48 eV) and indirect for the bilayer (3.44 eV) and the bulk material (2.45 eV). The exciton binding energies are large for the monolayer (1.1 eV) and the bilayer (0.9 eV), indicating that excitons are stable at room temperature. However, the lowest-energy excitons for the monolayer and the bilayer are dark with radiative lifetimes on the order of milliseconds. A pronounced van Hove singularity in the valence band of the few-layer structures suggests it becomes a multiferroic two-dimensional material upon hole doping. Our results indicate strong optical absorbance in the vacuum UV region and transparency in the visible and near UV for monolayer PbO, suggesting applications for atomically thin solar-blind UV ph...
Assessment of sub-surface damage during machining of additively manufactured Fe-TiC metal matrix composites

Abstract This study is concerned with investigating the effect of laser assisted machining (LAM) on sub-surface damage during turning of iron-titanium carbide metal matrix composite (MMC) manufactured through laser direct deposition. Localized heating of the Fe-TiC workpiece via a CO2 laser ahead of the cutting tool has been shown to be effective in reducing sub-surface debonding by approximately 20%. The dynamic behavior of the MMC under cutting has been explored with the help of a 3D multi-scale nose turning simulation model. The implementation of the multi-scale model has been realized through a hierarchical multi-scale modeling methodology where the traction separation response of Fe-TiC interface determined from MD calculations has been coupled to the cohesive zone model in the finite element simulations. The fidelity of the multi-scale model has been tested by comparing the macro and micromechanical responses of the MMC during laser assisted machining. With the help of the simulation model, it has been discovered that the particles plough through the matrix material due to which their concentration increases ahead of the cutting tool. This contributes to the dynamic loading of the machined workpiece in addition to loading from the secondary cutting edge of the tool. These two mechanisms collectively contribute towards sub-surface damage in the machined metal matrix composites.
Sex-Specific Genetic Susceptibility to Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Offspring of Pregnancies at Risk of Early Preterm Delivery.

Objective To evaluate sex-specific genetic susceptibility to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (ANO, defined as cerebral palsy [CP], mental, or psychomotor delay) at risk for early preterm birth (EPTB, Study Design Secondary case–control analysis of a trial of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) before anticipated EPTB for CP prevention. Cases are infants who died by the age of 1 year or developed ANO. Controls, matched by maternal race and infant sex, were neurodevelopmentally normal survivors. Neonatal DNA was evaluated for 80 polymorphisms in inflammation, coagulation, vasoregulation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress pathways using Taqman assays. The primary outcome for this analysis was sex-specific ANO susceptibility. Conditional logistic regression estimated each polymorphism's odds ratio (OR) by sex stratum, adjusting for gestational age, maternal education, and MgSO4-corticosteroid exposures. Holm–Bonferroni corrections, adjusting for multiple comparisons (p Results Analysis included 211 cases (134 males; 77 females) and 213 controls (130 males; 83 females). An interleukin-6 (IL6) polymorphism (rs2069840) was associated with ANO in females (OR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–4.7; p = 0.001), but not in males (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5–1.2; p = 0.33). The sex-specific effect difference was significant (p = 7.0 × 10−4) and was unaffected by MgSO4 exposure. No other gene–sex associations were significant. Conclusion An IL6 gene locus may confer susceptibility to ANO in females, but not males, after EPTB.
A Justification for the Quantificational Hume Principle

In recent work Bruno Whittle has presented a new challenge to the Cantorian idea that there are different infinite cardinalities. Most challenges of this kind have tended to focus on the status of the axioms of standard set theory; Whittle’s is different in that he focuses on the connection between standard set theory and intuitive concepts related to cardinality. Specifically, Whittle argues we are not in a position to know a principle I call the Quantificational Hume Principle (QHP), which connects the application of intuitive, quantificational cardinality concepts (including ‘at least as many’) to claims involving the existence of functions. This paper responds to Whittle’s skeptical arguments by providing an argument justifying the QHP.
Brachioteuthis beanii Verrill, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Brachioteuthidae) in the northwest Atlantic

Four research cruises to the Gully Marine Protected Area (known as "the Gully") off Nova Scotia, Canada (2007–2010) collected 1454 specimens of the oegopsid squid family Brachioteuthidae. All specimens were identified as Brachioteuthis beanii, and the 842 individuals collected in 2007 were used to describe the morphology and ecology of the species. A subset of 565 specimens were measured for population size distribution, and over 200 of these individuals (21–117 mm ML) were fixed, vouchered, measured, dissected, and sexed to examine the internal and external characters of juveniles, males, and females. Specimens 50 mm ML could be sexed based solely on the color and texture of the mantle. Male mantles were fusiform in shape with few small, widely spaced chromatophores and a reticulated net on the mantle that developed concurrent with the internal spermatophoric complex. Females had a flaccid mantle with larger and denser chromatophores on the mantle and head and no external ornamentation (i.e., ridges or nodules). Measurement data showed that males had slightly larger arms and wider fins than females. The high abundance of B. beanii at the Gully in August/September may be a spawning aggregation and suggests that this small squid is an important component of the canyon food web.
Using Primary Sources to Achieve Pedagogical Goals in Sociology and Political Science at the Brooklyn College Archives

This article considers archival collections as a teaching tool by sociology and political science faculty at Brooklyn College, a senior college of the City University of New York known for its dive...
A Theory of Planned Behavior Exploration of Child Welfare Caseworker Referrals to an Evidence-Based Parenting Program

Despite the proliferation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for children and families, the majority of children and families do not receive EBPs in the child welfare (CW) system, despite their gro...
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy resulting in treatment-refractory flaccid paralysis

Abstract Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is an autoimmune neurological disorder associated with the presence of anti-GFAP IgG. Meningoencephalitis is the predominant clinical presentation of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy in published case series. We report a case of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with the unusual feature of radiculoneuritis in addition to encephalomyelitis, resulting in flaccid paralysis unresponsive to immunotherapy. Imaging data confirmed involvement of brain, spinal cord and nerve roots. Electrodiagnostic testing showed changes consistent with a severe sensorimotor neuropathy with active denervation. The results of this case suggest the need for future studies to assess the impact of peripheral nerve involvement on the outcome of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.
Overuse of Diagnostic Brain Imaging Among Patients With Stage IA Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Among patients diagnosed with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the incidence of occult brain metastasis is low, and several professional societies recommend against brain imaging for staging purposes. The goal of this study was to characterize the use of brain imaging among Medicare patients diagnosed with stage IA NSCLC. Methods Using data from linked SEER-Medicare claims, we identified patients diagnosed with AJCC 8th edition stage IA NSCLC in 2004 through 2013. Patients were classified as having received brain imaging if they underwent head CT or brain MRI from 1 month before to 3 months after diagnosis. We identified factors associated with receipt of brain imaging using multivariable logistic regression. Results Among 13,809 patients with stage IA NSCLC, 3,417 (25%) underwent brain imaging at time of diagnosis. The rate of brain imaging increased over time, from 23.5% in 2004 to 28.7% in 2013 (P=.0006). There was significant variation in the use of brain imaging across hospital service areas, with rates ranging from 0% to 64.0%. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of brain imaging included older age (odds ratios [ORs] of 1.16 for 70-74 years, 1.13 for 75-79 years, 1.31 for 80-84 years, and 1.46 for ≥85 years compared with 65-69 years; all P 1 vs score of 0; P Conclusions Roughly 1 in 4 patients with stage IA NSCLC received brain imaging at the time of diagnosis despite national recommendations against the practice. Although several patient factors are associated with receipt of brain imaging, there is significant geographic variation across the United States. Closer adherence to clinical guidelines is likely to result in more cost-effective care.
Tunable All-Dielectric Metasurfaces for Phase-Only Modulation of TransmittedLight Based on Quasi-bound States in the Continuum

Phase-only modulators are of great importance for dynamic control over the wavefront of light in a wide range of applications where high efficiency and uniform amplitude are required. Electro-optic...
Other Imaging Techniques for Muscles and Tendons

Sartoris recently described musculoskeletal imaging as an “evolving subspecialty” [52], and hence the place of each of the imaging modalities is under assessment. Of the newer modalities, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is doubtless the most popular in this arena, borne out by the profusion of published studies. In contrast, the comparatively limited number of reports on high-resolution sonography of soft tissues would suggest that this recent approach has been neglected in many institutions. To allow a perspective on the preceding chapters, this chapter briefly reviews the utilization of other modalities, both old and new, and also highlights recent experimental developments in ultrasound imaging of muscles and tendons.