cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing Research: The Past As Prolog

The remote sensing community has a major opportunity at the present time which it must seize and use effectively. Activity in the remote sensing research community is at a very low ebb at this time. With a few exceptions such as some experimentation with the use of radar for remote sensing being conducted from the Space Shuttle missions, very little research work is now in progress in the U.S. Indeed over the past 10 years, the effort to create new capability has been steadily phased down in favor of efforts to apply the known technology.
A high performance bus communication architecture through bus splitting

A split shared-bus architecture with multiple simultaneous bus accesses is proposed. Compared to traditional bus architectures, the performance of proposed architecture is higher because of the ability to deliver multiple bus transactions in one bus cycle. We also propose an implementation of the arbiter, which not only detects and grants multiple compatible bus transactions, but also controls splitters properly to establish the communication paths for those transactions. Experimental results show that the bus architecture can have up to 2.3 times improvement in the effective bandwidth and up to 5 times reduction in the communication latency. Moreover, the arbiter implementation has reasonable area and timing cost, making it suitable for high performance SoC applications.
Adequate lymph node assessment for extrahepatic bile duct cancer: Do the data support the current AJCC recommendations?

4576 Background: AJCC staging manual 6th edition states that histologic examination of at least 3 lymph nodes (LN) is required for adequate N stage determination for extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDCA). We hypothesize that this recommendation is insufficient and will lead to underestimation of N stage of EHBDCA. Methods: 257 patients (144 hilar [HCCA] and 113 distal [DCA] cholangiocarcinoma) who underwent curative intent resection for EHBDCA at our institution (1993 -2007) were analyzed. Final disease staging, including lymph node status and total number of nodes examined, was obtained from the pathology report. Differences in disease specific survival (DSS), according to nodal status, were compared using log rank test. R1 resections (n=51) were excluded from this analysis. Results: There were 89 patients (34.6%) with LN metastasis. On multivariate analysis, LN metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of poor survival (median DSS N0 vs N1: 53.3 months vs 19.3 months, p<0.0001, HR= 2.2 [95%CI: 1....
Passive Losses, Trusts and Estates: The Regulations (If I Were King)

The passive loss rules of § 469 apply to trusts and decedents' estates. How that is to come about, however, is a complete mystery since, in the 19 years since § 469's enactment in 1986, the government has offered not a shred of published guidance on the intersection of § 469 and subchapter J: no regulations, either final or proposed, no rulings, no notices, no announcements. Nothing. This article steps into the void. It sets forth comprehensive suggested regulations that would coordinate the interaction of the passive loss rules with the rules governing the income taxation of trusts and decedents' estates. It provides the reasoning behind, and detailed explanations of, all but the most self-evident provisions.
Discussion: Measuring Supply and Demand in Underdeveloped Agriculture

Let me congratulate each of the authors on his empirical venture into the parameter jungle and for the response coefficients which he has captured. It is always a pleasure to review studies which reconstruct in a simplified way the mechanisms thought to lie behind certain phenomena observed in the real world and then make an attempt at measurement. I say this even though in general, in spite of our valiant efforts to sample the parameter space, simple theories and inadequate data usually permit our opponent, in charge of the parameter information light switch, to keep tomorrow dark or if not dark at least dim. It seems apparent that for decision-making purposes, administrators in developing countries need quantitative information regarding structural relations in their own countries and those with whom they trade. Studies of the type under discussion appear to be a step in this direction. Since my knowledge is somewhat meager concerning the commodities and most of the countries involved, I will restrict my discussion to some general comments concerning the models, data and estimating methods employed. Since all three studies employ time series data, it would be instructive to review some of the pitfalls of using passively generated observations as one of the foundation stones upon which parameter estimates are based. However, this topic has received much attention in the literature and need not be reiterated here. It is mentioned only to remind us of the observational sample basis for the studies and that such terms as "unbiased estimate," "standard error of estimate," etc., only have meaning in terms of some imagined sampling process. Furthermore, within the area of model specification, I think that we should keep in mind that even with the aid of the body of information known as economic theory, there are many competing sets of a priori restrictions that can be imposed on the make-up of the structural equations without contradicting present knowledge of human behavior. Thus, it would certainly appear arrogant to assert that one model is a priori the correct one. In addition, most passively generated data are consistent with a variety of hypotheses and thus our ability to discriminate among these admissible hypotheses is indeed a tenuous one. Thus, there arises the question concerning our ability to test theories by using data for which the sampling is performed by the historical course of phenomena outside of the
Adaptive L p inversion to recover both blocky and smooth features

Inversion based on L2 norm has been widely used in geophysical problems. However, L2 inversion is only capable of recovering smooth features. To obtain sharp boundaries, non-L2 inversion has been used successfully. In reality, however, both smooth and blocky features can be present in the subsurface physical property or interfaces to be recovered. To deal with this situation, we propose a new method to adaptively apply L2 and non-L2 norm to different parts of the same model. This method first detects the smoothness or blockiness of different regions of a model and then applies appropriate Lp model norm with different p values to complete the final inversion. We test this method in an example of crosshole seismic traveltime inversion.
CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CERVICAL SYNDROMES.

Physical therapy properly prescribed and administered can do much to relieve symptoms referable to lesions in the neck and upper back. In addition to heat and massage, cervical traction can be most useful in cervical radiculitis associated with a protruded disk or a narrowed foramen accompanied by degenerative disease of the disk, or cervical osteoarthritis, or both. Vertical traction using a pull to 60 lb. for one to three minutes is generally more effective than horizontal traction of 5 to 15 lb. for half an hour to several hours.
Do Neuromuscular Alterations Exist for Patients With Acetabular Labral Tears During Function

Purpose To determine if contact forces and electromyography (EMG) muscle amplitudes were altered during the lunge for patients with symptomatic labral tears compared with asymptomatic control subjects. Methods Surface electromyography electrodes were placed over the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, adductor longus, and rectus femoris muscles of the patients' involved limb and matched limb of asymptomatic controls. Subjects performed 3 trials of the lunge on a clinical force platform. An electrogoniometer tracked knee flexion motion during testing. Average root mean squared EMG muscle amplitudes for each muscle were calculated for the descent and ascent phases of the lunge, represented as a percentage of maximum activity (%MVIC). Peak knee flexion was calculated from the goniometer (°). The dependent variables from the force platform were lunge distance (%height), contact time (seconds), vertical impact force (%BW), and force impulse (%BW*s). Dependent variables were compared between groups using either independent samples t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Relations between dependent variables were assessed with Spearman Rho correlation coefficients. The level of significance was set at P ≤ .05. Results Twenty-one patients with symptomatic unilateral labral tears (14 females, 7 males) and 17 asymptomatic control subjects (11 females, 6 males) participated in this study. Average gluteus maximus EMG muscle amplitudes were reduced for symptomatic labral patients compared with asymptomatic controls during lunge ascent (51.6 ± 31.1 v 71.7 ± 36.3 [mean difference (MD): 20.1% (−2.4%, 42.6%)], P = .042). Average vertical impact force was reduced (21.8 ± 5.5 v 26.8 ± 7.3 [MD: 5.1%BW (0.84%BW, 9.3%BW)], P = .02) and average contact time (1.8 ± 0.4 v 1.5 ± 0.4 [MD: 0.27 seconds (0.006 seconds, 0.54 seconds)], P = .045) and force impulse (188.4 ± 42.4 v 162.6 ± 33.3 [MD: 25.8%BW*s (0.3%BW*s, 51.4%BW*s)], P = .042) were increased for symptomatic labral patients compared with asymptomatic controls. Vertical impact force was inversely correlated with gluteus medius muscle amplitudes during lunge descent for symptomatic labral patients ( r = −0.452, P = .045). Conclusions Our study shows that contact forces and EMG muscle amplitudes are altered during the lunge for patients with symptomatic labral tears. The presence of a relation between muscle amplitudes and contact forces suggests that targeting muscle impairments may restore function in these patients. Level of Evidence Level III, case-control study.
Adolescent alcohol exposure alters lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1) expression and histone methylation in the amygdala during adulthood

Alcohol exposure in adolescence is an important risk factor for the development of alcoholism in adulthood. Epigenetic processes are implicated in the persistence of adolescent alcohol exposure-related changes, specifically in the amygdala. We investigated the role of histone methylation mechanisms in the persistent effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure in adulthood. Adolescent rats were exposed to 2 g/kg ethanol (2 days on/off) or intermittent n-saline (AIS) during postnatal days (PND) 28-41 and used for behavioral and epigenetic studies. We found that AIE exposure caused a long-lasting decrease in mRNA and protein levels of lysine demethylase 1(Lsd1) and mRNA levels of Lsd1 + 8a (a neuron-specific splice variant) in specific amygdaloid structures compared with AIS-exposed rats when measured at adulthood. Interestingly, AIE increased histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA) in adulthood without producing any change in H3K4me2 protein levels. Acute ethanol challenge (2 g/kg) in adulthood attenuated anxiety-like behaviors and the decrease in Lsd1 + 8a mRNA levels in the amygdala induced by AIE. AIE caused an increase in H3K9me2 occupancy at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor exon IV promoter in the amygdala that returned to baseline after acute ethanol challenge in adulthood. These results indicate that AIE specifically modulates epizymes involved in H3K9 dimethylation in the amygdala in adulthood, which are possibly responsible for AIE-induced chromatin remodeling and adult psychopathology such as anxiety.
Identification and analysis drug resistance of deep fungus in children

Objective Monitoring on denomination and drug resistance of deep fungous infection in children,to guide rational administration in clinic.Methods 785 deep fungus were identified by YBC verification card and drug sensitive experiment by ATB-FUNGS kit.Results Blastomyces albicans occupied 72.2% in 785 deep fungus,Slick Monilia,Candida tropicalis and Candida kruse occupied 17.2%,8.7% and 1.3% respectively.Respiration department,medical department,neonatorum department and blood department were:30.1%,13.5%,13.1% and 12.1% respectively.The sensitiveness of 785 fungus to 5-Fc,AMB,NYS,MIC,ECO and KET were 93.2%,85.2%,87.4%,30.5%,61.8% and 45.4% respectively.Conclusions The blastomyces albicans is the most fungus in deep part.The sensitivity of 5-FC,AMB,NYS are comparative high sensibility,which active drug of treat fungous infection,but sensitivity of MIC,ECO,KET are comparative low,the clinical doctors should be noticed.
Query Expansion with LCA Based Concept Tree Pruning

This paper proposes a novel query expansion method using Local Context Analysis(LCA) based concept tree pruning.It extracts the suggested terms from initial documents which are retrieved for the original query by LCA method,and uses these terms to prune the concept tree built by lexical database,to add new terms,and to recalculate the weight of expanding terms.Experiments show that the combined expansion yields significant improvements over existing algorithms under the same experimental condition.
Application of Spatial Data Modeling Systems, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and Transportation Routing Optimization Methods for Evaluating Integrated Deployment of Interim Spent Fuel Storage Installations and Advanced Nuclear Plants

The objective of this siting study work is to support DOE in evaluating integrated advanced nuclear plant and ISFSI deployment options in the future. This study looks at several nuclear power plant growth scenarios that consider the locations of existing and planned commercial nuclear power plants integrated with the establishment of consolidated interim spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs). This research project is aimed at providing methodologies, information, and insights that inform the process for determining and optimizing candidate areas for new advanced nuclear power generation plants and consolidated ISFSIs to meet projected US electric power demands for the future.
Repair of subdiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection without cardiopulmonary bypass.

Two neonates with asplenia syndrome, subdiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and pulmonary stenosis underwent a palliative operation without cardiopulmonary bypass. With the use of a side-biting clamp, an anastomosis was created between the pulmonary venous confluence and the right atrium. (Since children with asplenia syndrome have common mixing lesions, pulmonary venous drainage to the right atrium is not physiologically detrimental.) The descending vertical vein was ligated. A systemic-pulmonary shunt was performed. Both infants were discharged from the hospital less than 1 week after the operation. Both infants subsequently died, at 4 months and at 16 months of age. At autopsy, pulmonary venous drainage was unobstructed, with a surgical orifice 86% to 90 % of the aortic anulus. We conclude that, in infants with asplenia syndrome and obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, relief of pulmonary venous obstruction can be accomplished without cardiopulmonary bypass.
Bicelles Coming of Age: An Empirical Approach to Bicelle Crystallization

Biological membranes represent a unique environment in which integral membrane proteins (MPs) fold to perform diverse biological functions. In many cases, lipids support the native conformation or mediate important interactions between MPs. It is therefore imperative to develop methods that maintain this support for the structural and functional analyses of an exceedingly important class of biological macromolecules. Bicelles are detergent-stabilized phospholipid bilayer discs into which MPs can be reconstituted for biophysical studies. Here, we review recent advances and emerging concepts in employing bicelles for the crystallization and structure determination of MPs. We discuss variations of established procedures as well as alternative approaches, and we present a summary and analysis of the conditions used for bicelle-mediated MP crystallization.
TU‐AB‐202‐08: Generating Organ Surfaces to Overcome Random Contouring Errors and Slice Thickness Variations On Multimodality Images

Purpose: To propose a new method that generates smooth organ surface meshes that overcomes random contouring errors and volume averaging artifacts for hollow organs. Methods: The proposed contour-to-smooth mesh generation method (CSMG) consists of two parts; 1) reconstructing the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow organ with triangular meshes based on parametric active surface (PAS) and 2) modifying the reconstructed inner surface in order to satisfy minimum wall thickness constraints and matching the patient's known organ wall volume. In both steps, PAS evolved gradually to physician contours by minimizing defined energy functions. CSMG surface meshes were evaluated using two digital phantoms and 72 contours from 3 cervix cancer patients (4 images per patient, 3 organs per image, 2 inner-and-outer-wall contours per organ). The CSMG and treatment planning system (TPS) surface meshes were compared using Gaussian curvature, Dice conformity index (DCI) and signed minimum distance (SMD). DCI and SMD were calculated between the physician contours and the contour extracted by averaging the surface over the slice thickness. Results: CSMG meshes were smoother and more continuous than TPS surface meshes. The DCI differences between CSMG and TPS were 0.2%, 0.9% and 1.5% on average for bladder, rectum and vagina, respectively. TPS meshes had larger average SMDs (0.44±0.64, 0.43±0.62 and 0.42±0.61 mm for the three organs) compared to CSMG meshes (0.01±0.84, −0.05±0.93 and 0.13±0.91 mm). Larger grand mean and smaller pooled standard deviation of TPS SMDs implied that TPS overfitted the noise on contours but PM smoothed out the noise. The wall thicknesses were 2.7±1.3, 2.6±1.1 and 1.6±0.5 mm for bladder, rectum and vagina, respectively. The wall volume differed from reference volume less than ±2.5%. Conclusion: The proposed method reconstructs the smooth and continuous organ surface from sparsely sampled data points without introducing large systematic errors. This work was supported in part by Varian Research agreement. The authors have the following disclosures: NIH (Williamson, Hugo, Christensen, and Weiss), Philips research agreement (Hugo and Weiss), Varian license agreement (Hugo and Weiss), Roger Koch fund (Christensen), UpToDate royalties (Weiss). There is no COI.
Practical Controls: A Guide To Mechanical Systems

Geared toward the HVAC professional, Practical Controls: A Guide to Mechanical Systems provides a solid foundation and well-rounded understanding of the role of controls in mechanical systems design and installation. This book takes a concise look at HVAC controls and controls methods – including electrical, electronic, and microprocessor-based controls and control systems. Using "real world" examples, it explores how various mechanical systems installed in today’s facilities are best controlled. The text is a practical resource to controls contracting, providing basic rules, equipment guidelines, rules of thumb, pros and cons, and do’s and don’ts.
Applications of Stable Isotopes for Regional to National-Scale Water Quality and Environmental Monitoring Programs

Isotopes are a potentially powerful component of monitoring and assessment programs aimed at quantifying and mitigating alterations to environments from human activities. In particular, isotopic techniques have proved useful for tracing sources and sinks of various pollutants in large river basins, wetlands, and airsheds. Many of these studies have been conducted at the regional to national scale by building on existing large-scale water, air, and ecological monitoring programs managed by federal and state agencies, and demonstrate the usefulness of isotopes as a complement to standard chemical and hydrological mass balance methods. This chapter presents an overview of how nitrate, particulate organic matter, and water isotopes can be used to interpret spatial patterns and temporal changes in pollution sources, biogeochemical processes, and ecosystem function in watersheds, at the regional to national scale. Examples from several recent and ongoing studies are presented. From the insights developed using varied sampling strategies and isoscapes, we suggest guidelines for future studies in biologically active and human-impacted rivers.
Preliminary results of KSU Frisch-collar CZT array

Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) is a well-known problematic material once dimensions exceed ∼1cm∧3, due to material imperfections that cause severe charge carrier (hole) trapping, compromising the energy resolution for basic planar detector designs. Advances in CZT detector design at Kansas State University (KSU) have demonstrated that room-temperature energy resolution less than 0.9% for 662 keV gamma rays can be consistently achieved. The Frisch-collar detector, developed at KSU, is a design based on the Frisch grid effect, which changes a basic planar detector from a low-resolution device into a high-resolution device by suppressing deleterious effects from charge carrier (hole) losses. We studied the application of Frisch-collar CZT detectors to hand-held or remotely-deployable rapid spectroscopic devices, designed to operate in signal-summation and Compton-suppression modes, employed for greater counting efficiency and improved energy resolution, respectively. The array is made from small volumes of Frisch-collar CZT, lowering cost and easing purity requirements for ingot growth. Timing resolution for signals arising from Compton-scattered gamma rays as a function of detector bias voltage will be discussed.
The Long-Run Model (The Classical World)

This chapter ties together the pieces from Chap. 4 to show how the equilibrium level of output is determined, and then how the output and the expenditure functions from Chap. 5 together tell us how much of each type of expenditure there is, as well as determining the equilibrium interest rate. Also, this is where the information about resource supply from Chap. 4 gets incorporated into the labor market in a way that allows the conditions of resource supply to help determine equilibrium in the labor market. The concept of “potential output” is introduced and identified with the equilibrium output level of the model here.
Country-Level Bonding, Bridging, and Linking Social Capital and Immigrants’ Life Satisfaction

This cross-national study examines the contextual effects of country-level social capital on immigrants’ life-satisfaction in host societies. Country-level social capital was constructed by bonding, bridging, and linking according to descriptions by Szreter and Woolcock (2004). We conducted a two-level regression analysis using 3208 immigrants nested within 52 countries included in the World Values Survey Wave 6. Immigrants had a lower level of life satisfaction in host countries with a higher bonding social capital (inward-looking and homogeneous). The effect of age on life satisfaction also varied according to country-level bonding social capital and age-groups. In addition to the effects of country-level social capital, our study found that immigrants had a higher level of life satisfaction in countries with a higher gross national income (GNI) per capita and a lower percentage of immigrants. Consistently with the previous studies, our study also found that immigrants’ key socio-demographics (subjective health, age, gender, marital status, and income level) were significantly associated with immigrants’ life satisfaction. Findings suggest that not only immigrants’ individual characteristics but also the social capital of host countries - in particular, the bonding social capital - play a significant role in immigrants’ life satisfaction.
Gastroesophageal Reflux and Respiratory Tract Symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux has been held responsible for a variety of respiratory symptoms including asthma, recurrent pneumonia, and myriad upper airway symptoms in the pediatric population. The focus of much of the early research has been on proving the association between esophageal reflux events and extraesophageal symptoms though recent studies have explored the role of biomarkers as novel diagnostic tests. Because of the lack of sensitive diagnostic tests for extraesophageal reflux disease, many clinicians continue to prescribe or recommend empiric medical and surgical reflux therapies though there is again a lack of convincing data showing benefit to these therapies and some studies even suggesting harm. The field of reflux-related respiratory disorders continues to evolve, however, and the challenge of caring for these pediatric patients requires a multidisciplinary team-based approach.
Minimally gauged chiral lagrangian prediction for γγ→π0π0 in a 1N expansion

Abstract The general chiral lagrangian prediction for γγ → π 0 π 0 is perturbatively expanded in powers of 1 N f , where N f is the number of pion fields. The resulting amplitude is chirally invariant and is unitary to all orders in momenta. Although the leading order calculation involves an infinite number of unknown coefficients, the final result depends only the π−π scattering amplitude.
Survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv . vitians on lettuce in crop debris, irrigation water, and weeds in south Florida

Bacterial leaf spot of lettuce, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians (Xcv), can be a disease of economic importance but it occurs sporadically in production fields in Florida. We investigated the role of weeds, irrigation water, and crop debris as potential inoculum sources for Xcv. Detection and identification of Xcv was facilitated using semi-selective media and PCR with two primers pairs. During field outbreaks of the disease, epiphytic populations of Xcv were detected on 13 weed species belonging in the Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae families. In greenhouse assays, Xcv epiphytic populations on 12 weed hosts varied greatly. Bacterial leaf spot-like symptoms developed on Sonchus oleraceus and significantly higher populations of Xcv were recovered from this weed. Bacteria were also recovered from surface irrigation water monitored during a 4-month period covering two growing seasons at three commercial sites. In two seasons of survival studies on crop debris, Xcv was recovered up to 1 month after placement of diseased tissue on the soil surface but not detected in tissue buried 15 or 30 cm beneath the soil surface. Therefore, weeds and surface irrigation water may play a role in the survival of Xcv whereas crop debris may be limited as an inoculum source during the fallow period in Florida.
9.14 Preparative Electrochemistry for Organic Synthesis

This chapter provides an overview of the advances in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering that have taken place in the last few decades and discusses how these advances could be implemented in the synthesis of organic molecules from conception to the market.
Total Resource Management Plan for Addressing Groundwater Concerns

The aquifers underlying the Great Plains provide the groundwater resources that are so important as sustenance for agriculture and as sources of drinking water. Several systems are included in this region: the High Plains aquifer, the northern Great Plains regional aquifer system, and the northern and central Midwest regional aquifer systems.
The Impact of Martensite Deformation on Shape Memory Effect Recovery Strain Evolution

The one-way shape memory effect of polycrystalline NiTi is investigated after differential levels of martensite deformation. Martensite naturally forms an energy-minimizing configuration, referred to as self-accommodated, of differently oriented martensite variants, which are internally twinned. Stress preferentially orients a select variant that eventually detwins and plastically deforms at the highest stress levels. In this work, the underlying morphology is ascertained based on the evolution of micro-scale deformation measurements using digital image correlation analysis of three characteristic material responses. An initial martensitic structure is deformed at constant temperature. The forward austenite-to-martensite and reverse martensite-to-austenite phase transformations take place during temperature cycling under a constant stress. The austenite-to-martensite transformation is tensile stress induced at a constant temperature and initiates via a localized strain band. For the conversion of self-accommodated martensite to orientated morphology and further deformation, spatially heterogeneous strains accrue over the entire specimen surface. Shape memory recovery during heating, on the other hand, culminates with a centralized strain localization that persists as recovery approaches completion. The recovery temperature differential (A f − A s) depends on the extent of deformation. This work characterizes the influence of stress on phase transformation and martensite deformation morphology for deformation in the martensitic state compared to the stress-induced phase transformation.
A High-Throughput Solver for Marginalized Graph Kernels on GPU

We present the design and optimization of a linear solver on General Purpose GPUs for the efficient and high-throughput evaluation of the marginalized graph kernel between pairs of labeled graphs. The solver implements a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method to compute the solution to a generalized Laplacian equation associated with the tensor product of two graphs. To cope with the gap between the instruction throughput and the memory bandwidth of current generation GPUs, our solver forms the tensor product linear system on-the-fly without storing it in memory when performing matrix-vector dot product operations in PCG. Such on-the-fly computation is accomplished by using threads in a warp to cooperatively stream the adjacency and edge label matrices of individual graphs by small square matrix blocks called tiles, which are then staged in registers and the shared memory for later reuse. Warps across a thread block can further share tiles via the shared memory to increase data reuse. We exploit the sparsity of the graphs hierarchically by storing only non-empty tiles using a coordinate format and nonzero elements within each tile using bitmaps. Besides, we propose a new partition-based reordering algorithm for aggregating nonzero elements of the graphs into fewer but denser tiles to improve the efficiency of the sparse format.We carry out extensive theoretical analyses on the graph tensor product primitives for tiles of various density and evaluate their performance on synthetic and real-world datasets. Our solver delivers three to four orders of magnitude speedup over existing CPU-based solvers such as GraKeL and GraphKernels. The capability of the solver enables kernel-based learning tasks at unprecedented scales.
On Optimal Jamming in Strategic Communication

This paper studies the well-known jamming problems in the context of strategic communication, a variation of the Bayesian Persuasion problem information economics. A communication problem with three agents, a transmitter, a receiver and a jammer, is considered. All players have diverging objectives: the transmitter and the receiver want to minimize their individual distortion functions while the jammer aims to maximize a convex combination of these functions. This leads to a hierarchical game whose equilibrium solutions are studied here. Here, the transmitter is the leader and hence announces an encoding strategy with full commitment, where the receiver acts as the follower. The game between the jammer and the transmitter-the receiver pair depends on the ability of this communicating pair to secretly agree on a random event, that is “common randomness”. In the presence of common randomness, the problem becomes a zero-sum game for which a saddle-point solution is sought. The saddle-point solution consists of randomized linear strategies for the communicating pair and additive independent Gaussian noise for the jammer. If common randomness is not available, then this problem does not admit a saddle-point solution. We derive and analyze the Stackelberg equilibrium between the communicating pair and the jammer, and show that equilibrium achieving strategies for all agents are linear/affine.
Forget 'ME' not virtual memory T cells.

CD8 memory–phenotype differentiation is a T cell antigen receptor–governed process that begins in Eomes+ thymic precursors and is subsequently completed in the periphery. These CD8-MP cells can infiltrate tumors, where they express PD-1.
Observations of scatter from surface reflectors with Doppler sensitive probe signals

Previous analyses of surface scatter from the at-sea KAM11 experiment were made with linear frequency modulated waveforms that emphasized a single slope direction for arrivals in time-varying impulse response estimates. This analysis of Doppler sensitive waveform transmissions, made in the same geometry, resolves additional scatter arrivals with opposite slope. The different Doppler shifts in scatter observations are related to dispersed, naturally occurring, sea surface features that reflect the transmitted waveform to the receiver. The positions of these surface reflectors are estimated from the delay and Doppler shift of the observed arrivals without needing a receiving array with high spatial resolution.
Odontoid Fracture as Proximal Junctional Failure in Patients With Multilevel Spine Fusions.

Study Design:Retrospective study.Objective:Proximal junctional failure (PJF) commonly occurs as a recognized potential outcome of fusion surgery. Here we describe a unique series of patients with m...
Nickel-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Dearomative Arylboration of Indoles

Indole dearomatization is an important strategy to access indolines, a motif present in a variety of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Herein, a method for transition-metal catalyzed regiodivergent dearomative arylboration of indoles to generate diverse indolines is presented. The method accomplishes intermolecular dearomatization of simple indoles through a migratory insertion pathway on substrates that lack activating or directing groups on the C2- or C3-positions. Synthetically useful C2- and C3-borylated indolines can be accessed through a simple change in N-protecting group in high regio- and diastereoselectivities (up to >50:1 rr and >20:1 dr) from readily available starting materials. Additionally, the origin of regiodivergence was explored experimentally and computationally to uncover the remarkable interplay between carbonyl orientation of the N-protecting group on indole, electronics of the C2-C3 p-bond, and sterics. The method enabled the first enantioselective synthesis of (-)-azamedicarpin.
Tolerability of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, in Patients With Thymic Epithelial Tumors.

Abstract Introduction Defects in immunologic self-tolerance result in an increased risk for development of paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases (ADs) and immune-mediated toxicity in response to immune stimulation in individuals with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). We conducted a survey to evaluate the tolerability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines in patients with TETs, including individuals with preexisting AD. Methods After reviewing published data on adverse events associated with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer, Inc., and BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (ModernaTX, Inc.) mRNA vaccines, we designed and administered a questionnaire to participants at the following three time points: after each dose of vaccination and 1 month after the final dose. Questions related to AD and use of immunosuppressive drugs were included. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data, and results were compared with previously described results related to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines. Results From February 26 to June 1, 2021, we administered the survey to 54 participants (median age = 58 y, thymoma = 33, preexisting AD = 19). Common adverse events included injection site pain, fatigue, and headaches. There were no vaccination-related hospitalizations or deaths. Autoimmune flares occurred in three patients (16%) after the first dose and three patients (17%) after the second dose. Most AD flares were mild and self-limited. One patient (2%) was diagnosed with having a new AD after vaccination. Conclusions Tolerability of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients with TETs is comparable to the general population. Most patients with preexisting AD did not experience disease flares, and the development of new AD was rare. Patients with TETs should be encouraged to get vaccinated against COVID-19 owing to the documented benefits of vaccination and manageable risk profile.
The Demography of Race and Ethnicity in Hungary

Hungary, located in the middle of Central Europe with a land mass slightly smaller than the state of Virginia, has for over millennia been a point of convergence for multiple cultures, populations and ethnicities. At the same time, the Hungarians, as a people, are unique in Central Europe, originating from the Russian steppes on the border of Europe and Asia, and speaking a language that is distantly related to Finnish, and not at all related to any of the other major European language groups. In relation to its past, present-day Hungary is by most standards an ethnically homogenous country. However, social and political issues related to national and ethnic minorities have played central roles in the country’s formation and development, and continue to fundamentally shape both the character of its civic sphere as well as its national and international policies. We begin this chapter with an historical background to trace the ways in which political and demographic issues associated with national and ethnic minorities have fundamentally shaped Hungary’s past and present. We then focus on contemporary Hungary, paying particular attention to the Roma minority. We conclude with a discussion of what we interpret as the most salient social and demographic trends as well as theoretical and public policy concerns related to minority populations as Hungary moves forward into the twenty-first century.
Size-class structure of contiguous riparian woodlands along a Rocky Mountain river

Trees in 7 diameter-classes, in 57 contiguous 0.1 ha plots, were tallied along a 10 km reach of the Animas River, southwestern Colorado. The age, height above water, and elevation for each plot, as well as the valley width and aspect at each plot location were determined. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) were then used to analyze these data. Age of the stand and its height above the water were significantly correlated with the first DCA axis, while only height above the water was significantly correlated with the second axis. Populus angustifolia and Pinus ponderosa have seedlings and saplings in stands 60 years old. Picea pungens and Pseudotsuga menziesii have seedlings and saplings in stands of all ages. A strict successional interpretation of the overall time-trends fails, because “succession” changed after 1927-...
Quality of Care for Early Discharge Medicaid Newborns |[dagger]| 652

AAP Guidelines (1995) recommended that all newborns discharged <48 hours of age have either a home visit or a visit to the pediatrician within the first week of life. As length of stay has decreased for all newborns, compliance within these recommendations are an important measure of quality of care provided by the health care system. Compliance with these guidelines may be particularly important for Medicaid insured populations at greatest risk for poor follow-up. This study provides a historical basis for use when assessing the actual impact of the guidelines. Methods: Using linked birth certificate and Medicaid claims data for the State of Ohio for July 91 - June 95, we examined the historical quality of post-discharge care using, as a measure, the proportion of healthy newborns in a single Southwest Ohio county who were discharged by 1 day of age, and the proportion having a home visit(HV) or visit to a primary care provider (PCV) within 7 days. Comparison between periods was done using Chi square. Results: Prior to introduction of the AAP guidelines, only 26% of eligible patients had contact with a health care provider by 7 days of age. Conclusions: Care of infants on Medicaid was less than optimal by AAP standards. The impact of the AAP guidelines and of legislative efforts on the perinatal care of this population remains to be determined. Table
Adolescent maternal weight gain and low birth weight: a multifactorial model

Maternal weight gain is one of the most important independent predictors of infant birth weight and interacts with other maternal characteristics, including age, so that infant birth weight reaches a plateau at a higher level of maternal weight gain for young adolescents than for adults. It has been suggested that encouraging young adolescents to gain larger amounts of weight during pregnancy may be one way to decrease their risk of low-birth-weight deliveries. This recommendation may be premature because the mechanisms underlying the interaction between maternal age and weight gain are incompletely understood and may include such diverse factors as incomplete maternal growth, reproductive immaturity, diminished maternal body size, nutritional deficiencies, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and maternal emotional stress. This review summarizes the literature on adolescent maternal weight gain and infant birth weight and discusses the importance of considering a multifactorial model in reformulating the weight-gain recommendations for pregnant adolescents.
Circular Cylindrical Cavity

This chapter contains sections titled: Resonant Modes Wall Losses and Cavity Q Dyadic Green's Functions Problems
Folk and Scientific Concepts in the Study of Greed

The distinction between folk and scientific concepts in anthropology is reviewed in this article. As an Anglo-European folk concept, greed is often a moral judgment; it is therefore the product of a folk system. As such, it is argued that greed is not a scientific concept. The assignment of greed to social and/or economic acts implies concepts of production, exchange, and accumulation. The scientific concepts for economic production and economic exchange are presented. Industrial production when combined with the market principle provides a distinctive context for the judgment of greed. Two sets of folk rules, which are applied to cases of accumulation, justice, and development, are suggested. A strategy for generating a scientific study of greed is proposed.
An Elementary School Application of Prereferral Assessment and Intervention

This article presents a prereferral assessment and intervention process implemented in an elementary school. Included in the description are procedures, examples of record forms, and a case study illustrating the operation of the process. The advantages and disadvantages of the process, as perceived by the faculty and staff after three years of use, are listed but not discussed.
HMMSim: a simulator for hardware-software co-design of hybrid main memory

Due to scalability and energy consumption, the use of DRAM as the only main memory technology in modern computers is becoming increasingly less appealing. Researchers have proposed combining DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM) in main memory to increase capacity and reduce energy consumption. Due to its architectural simplicity, software-managed hybrid memory is a promising way to incorporate NVM. However, there are significant performance issues caused by increased memory traffic due to data migration and a lack of effective migration policies. These issues can be addressed by carefully co-designing hardware-software mechanisms and migration policies. To aid in the development of new mechanisms and policies to incorporate NVM in main memory, we present HMMSim, a trace-driven simulator that allows for fast and flexible exploration of the hardware-software co-design space of hybrid main memory. HMMSim has a simple interface to connect memory hierarchy components that can be configured to simulate several memory architectures, including DRAM only, NVM only, DRAM hardware cache, and software-managed hybrid memory. We present two case studies that use HMMSim, and show that HMMSim is fast, flexible and scalable.
A digital filter bank for spectral matching

A new digital filter bank design is proposed for the processing of speech waveforms where spectral pattern matching techniques are applicable. Outputs in decibels from the 30 channels of the filter bank are computed every 12 ms. Care has been taken to select a time window and filter center frequency and bandwidth values that take into account the acoustic characteristics of speech. A distance metric is proposed for comparing a spectral frame with previously derived reference patterns. The metric incorporates procedures for crude speaker/microphone normalization, signal level normalization, background noise normalization, and procedures for emphasizing differences in the region of spectral peaks.
In vitro oxidation of alachlor by liver microsomal enzymes from rats, mice, and monkeys

Abstract Incubation of alachlor with microsomal enzyme preparations from rats, mice, and monkeys produced four major metabolites. These metabolites arose from benzylic hydroxylation(s) at one or both arylethyl side chains and N -dealkylation of alachlor. Kinetic studies demonstrated similar rates of alachlor oxidation by liver microsomal enzymes of mice, monkeys, and male rats. The rate of oxidation by female rat liver microsomes was significantly less than that observed by male rats. A slight induction of liver microsomal oxygenase activity was observed after chronic oral dosing of male rats with alachlor.
Luminescence from the Pr3+ 4f15d1 and 1S0 states in LiLaP4O12

Abstract The photoluminescence and excitation spectra of Pr 3+ activated LiLaP 4 O 12 has been investigated in the 10–300 K temperature region. At all temperatures, the luminescence consists of optical transitions emanating from both the Pr 3+ 4f 1 5d 1 and the 1 S 0 states. However, at low temperatures the emission spectrum is dominated by the intraconfiguration emission transitions emanating from the Pr 3+ 1 S 0 state. With increasing temperature, there is an exchange of intensity between the two emitting states; emission transitions from the 1 S 0 state exhibit strong intensity quenching while the 4f 1 5d 1 →4f 2 emission transitions reveal intensity gain. These results are explained on the basis of thermal population of the 4f 1 5d 1 state by the 1 S 0 state. The energy barrier of 0.05 eV (403 cm −1 ) for the nonradiative process is determined from the temperature dependence of the 1 S 0 lifetime.
Biased processing of stereotype-incongruency is greater for low than high status groups

Two studies assessed whether a stereotypic explanatory bias emerges primarily when members of low (compared to high) social status groups engage in behaviors inconsistent with group stereotypes. A preliminary study showed that male and female participants spontaneously showed more stereotypically biased explanatory processing of female stereotype-inconsistency (i.e., explanation of male-stereotypic behaviors performed by female compared to male actors) than male stereotype-inconsistency (i.e., explanation of female-stereotypic behaviors performed by male compared to female actors). The main experiment provided a manipulation of social status of target groups, and both external (i.e., situational) and internal (i.e., dispositional) explanations for stereotype-inconsistent behaviors were assessed. Results showed that external explanations for female stereotype-inconsistency were greater for targets described as low, not high in socioeconomic status. This research suggests that information processing is biased when members of a low status group engage in stereotype-inconsistent behaviors, whereas members of high status groups can engage in either stereotypic or counter-stereotypic behaviors without instigating biases in information processing.