cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The regulation and kinetics of the two ornithine transcarbamylase enzymes of bacillus licheniformis

1. 1. The regulation of the two ornithine transcarbamylase enzymes (carbamol-phosphate; l-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) of Bacillus licheniformis was studied. Ornithine transcarbamylase I is repressed by l-arginine, l-citrulline and l-ornithine during growth on glucose. Ornithine transcarbamylase II is induced by l-arginine (but not by l-citrulline or l-ornithine) in post-logarithmic phase cells or in cells growing on glutamate. Glucose addition represses this induction in the glutamate medium. 2. 2. The ornithine transcarbamylase I was purified about 10 fold and ornithine transcarbamylase II about 8 fold. 3. 3. The two ornithine transcarbamylases have the same pH optimum (8–9) and no significant differences could be detected in Michaelis-Menten constants for either substrate. 4. 4. The back reaction (citrulline → ornithine) was not catalyzed by either ornithine transcarbamylase. 5. 5. Arginine deiminase was not detected in extracts of these cells. 6. 6. The physiological role of the inducible ornithine transcarbamylase (ornithine transcarbamylase II) is not known.
Computer representation of phase diagrams

The computer representation of phase diagrams is discussed from the point of view of user needs together with the form an ideal system might take for maximum utility. Current work in the field of computer representation of phase diagrams is reviewed and placed in the context of developing a more useful computerized alloy design system. Some new work on computerized interpolation of phase diagram data is also presented.
40 Gb/s TDM SYSTEM TRANSCEIVER PROTOTYPE IN InP HBT TECHNOLOGY

A time-division-multiplexing (TDM) system transceiver with 4–channel 10 Gb/s interfaces to achieve 40 Gb/s non-return to zero (NRZ) transmission is presented. The front-end components are implemented in an indium phosphide double hetero-junction bipolar transistor (InP DHBT) technology. They include a 4:1 multiplexer with a voltage controlled oscillator and clock multiplication unit, modulator drivers for electro-absorption and differential lithium-niobate modulators, trans-impedance amplifier, limiting amplifier and 1:4 demultiplexer with clock and data recovery circuit. The transceiver was used to teat optical transmission over a 2.26 km link with a 40 Gb/s, 231-1 pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) data. The transmitter achieves better than 12.9 dB extinction ratio, 1 ps added root mean square (RMS) jitter and 4 dBm output power. Without any optical amplification the receiver achieves -9.1 dBm back to back sensitivity at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-12 and a high dynamic range of 12.5 dBm.
Maximum likelihood estimators of clock offset and skew under exponential delays

Accurate clock synchronization is essential for many data network applications. Various algorithms for synchronizing clocks rely on estimators of the offset and skew parameters that describe the relation between times measured by two different clocks. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of these parameters has previously been considered under the assumption of exponentially distributed network delays with known means. We derive the MLEs under the more common case of exponentially distributed network delays with unknown means and compare their mean-squared error properties to a recently proposed alternative estimator. We investigate the robustness of the derived MLE to the assumption of non-exponential network delays, and demonstrate the effectiveness of a bootstrap bias-correction technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Executive Functioning, Treatment Adherence, and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship among executive functioning, diabetes treatment adherence, and glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two hundred and thirty-five children with type 1 diabetes and their primary caregivers were administered the Diabetes Self-Management Profile to assess treatment adherence. Executive functioning was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning and glycemic control was based on A1C. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that a model in which treatment adherence mediated the relationship between executive functioning and glycemic control best fit the data. All paths were significant at P CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that executive functioning skills (e.g., planning, problem-solving, organization, and working memory) were related to adherence, which was related to diabetes control. Executive functioning may be helpful to assess in ongoing clinical management of type 1 diabetes.
Targeting, universalism, and single-mother poverty: a multilevel analysis across 18 affluent democracies.

We examine the influence of individual characteristics and targeted and universal social policy on single-mother poverty with a multilevel analysis across 18 affluent Western democracies. Although single mothers are disproportionately poor in all countries, there is even more cross-national variation in single-mother poverty than in poverty among the overall population. By far, the United States has the highest rate of poverty among single mothers among affluent democracies. The analyses show that single-mother poverty is a function of the household’s employment, education, and age composition, and the presence of other adults in the household. Beyond individual characteristics, social policy exerts substantial influence on single-mother poverty. We find that two measures of universal social policy significantly reduce single-mother poverty. However, one measure of targeted social policy does not have significant effects, and another measure is significantly negative only when controlling for universal social policy. Moreover, the effects of universal social policy are larger. Additional analyses show that universal social policy does not have counterproductive consequences in terms of family structure or employment, while the results are less clear for targeted social policy. Although debates often focus on altering the behavior or characteristics of single mothers, welfare universalism could be an even more effective anti-poverty strategy.
A Multiobjective Evolutionary-Simplex Hybrid Approach for the Optimization of Differential Equation Models of Gene Networks

This paper describes genetic and hybrid approaches for multiobjective optimization using a numerical measure called fuzzy dominance. Fuzzy dominance is used when implementing tournament selection within the genetic algorithm (GA). In the hybrid version, it is also used to carry out a Nelder-Mead simplex-based local search. The proposed GA is shown to perform better than NSGA-II and SPEA-2 on standard benchmarks, as well as for the optimization of a genetic model for flowering time control in rice. Adding the local search achieves faster convergence, an important feature in computationally intensive optimization of gene networks. The hybrid version also compares well with ParEGO on a few other benchmarks. The proposed hybrid algorithm is then applied to estimate the parameters of an elaborate gene network model of flowering time control in Arabidopsis. Overall solution quality is quite good by biological standards. Tradeoffs are discussed between accuracy in gene activity levels versus in the plant traits that they influence. These tradeoffs suggest that data mining the Pareto front may be useful in bioinformatics.
Argument, Analogy, and Audience: Using Persuasive Comparisons While Avoiding Unintended Effects

Like other rhetoricians, lawyers address their statements to particular audiences, and they shape their arguments in light of the characteristics of those audiences. In addressing skeptical audiences, lawyers will find that narratives structured as stories tend to be more persuasive than more syllogistic forms of verbal reasoning. In contrast to the straightforward lines of logical reasoning in syllogisms, narratives persuade by providing vicarious experiences for their audiences.Drawing an analogy between the client’s situation and a familiar story can be a particularly persuasive use of narrative. A well-chosen analogy accomplishes much of the work of persuasion for the advocate, because the analogy implicitly provides background information that the advocate does not have to spend time explaining. An effective analogy compares the current situation with another situation that is familiar, that has some emotional resonance, and that is free of unintended associations.
On optimal controls having finite order of singularity

For the linear-quadratic partially singular regulator, necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of optimal controls having any given finite maximum order of singularity. The main condition is a matrix rank condition. The finite horizon problem with free and constrained right end point is considered and complete solutions are obtained.
Impact of the "EMF" controversy on emerging technologies: good or bad

It is likely that some emerging technologies, which are a market for GaAs IC will be slowed by factors which are an outgrowth of today's "EMF" controversy. Questions of safety for human exposure to electromagnetic energy associated with electronic systems are not based on rational comparisons to science-based standards but on media and public perceptions and stimulation from the legal community. There is, today, significant "Electrophobia" and spreading exploitation of this phobia. Increased support is needed for committees which deal with setting standards or with public education, like the IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR). It can be foreseen that the eventual concern about environmental electromagnetic energies associated with emerging technologies will relate to the susceptibility to interference of ICs in the face of greatly expanding uses of electromagnetic energy for wireless and also for non-communication uses. Today there is an international program to eliminate the excess noise radiated from microwave ovens. In the future, space transmission of huge amounts of power signals an ultimate challenge for electromagnetic compatibility with future systems employing the GaAs IC.
Revisiting the mystery of fibronectin multimers: the fibronectin matrix is composed of fibronectin dimers cross-linked by non-covalent bonds

Fibronectin (FN) matrix fibrils have long been thought to be formed by disulfide-bonded FN multimers, although there is no direct evidence that they are covalently linked with each other. To understand the biochemical properties of these fibrils, we extracted a crude FN matrix from FN-YPet transfected 3T3 cell culture using 0.2% deoxycholate and DNase. The insoluble extracted matrix preserved fibrillar structures and a major portion of the extracted proteins migrated as FN monomers on an SDS gel under reducing conditions. Under non-reducing conditions, some FN molecules appeared to be trapped at the top of the stacking gel. We tested this by mixing fluorescently labeled FN dimers with the extracted matrix just before loading on an SDS gel, and found that most of them were trapped with the extracted proteins at the top of the stacking gel. These results suggested that some components of the extracted matrix plugged the stacking gel and FN dimers were trapped with them. Rotary shadowing electron microscopy showed that the extracted matrix had some fibers that resembled fibrillin microfibrils. Peptide mass fingerprinting confirmed the presence of fibrillin in the extracted matrix. Fibrillin is known to form disulfide-bonded multimers and it is likely to be one of the components that plug the stacking gel and trap FN molecules in this system. The phenomenon by which FN molecules appear to migrate as multimers on SDS gels is thus an artifact rising from the presence of other large components in the extract. We conclude that FN matrix fibrils are made of FN dimers that are further cross-linked by non-covalent protein-protein bonds.
Dynamic speed scaling to manage energy and temperature

We first consider online speed scaling algorithms to minimize the energy used subject to the constraint that every job finishes by its deadline. We assume that the power required to run at speed s is P(s) = s/sup /spl alpha//. We provide a tight /spl alpha//sup /spl alpha// bound on the competitive ratio of the previously proposed optimal available algorithm. This improves the best known competitive ratio by a factor of 2/sup /spl alpha//. We then introduce an online algorithm, and show that this algorithm's competitive ratio is at most 2(/spl alpha//(/spl alpha/ - 1))/sup /spl alpha//e/sup /spl alpha//. This competitive ratio is significantly better and is approximately 2e/sup /spl alpha/+1/ for large /spl alpha/. Our result is essentially tight for large /spl alpha/. In particular, as /spl alpha/ approaches infinity, we show that any algorithm must have competitive ratio e/sup /spl alpha// (up to lower order terms). We then turn to the problem of dynamic speed scaling to minimize the maximum temperature that the device ever reaches, again subject to the constraint that all jobs finish by their deadlines. We assume that the device cools according to Fourier's law. We show how to solve this problem in polynomial time, within any error bound, using the ellipsoid algorithm.
Structure-Function Analysis of Rotavirus NSP2 Octamer by Using a Novel Complementation System

Viral inclusion bodies, or viroplasms, that form in rotavirus-infected cells direct replication and packaging of the segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. NSP2, one of two rotavirus proteins needed for viroplasm assembly, possesses NTPase, RNA-binding, and helix-unwinding activities. NSP2 of the rotavirus group causing endemic infantile diarrhea (group A) was shown to self-assemble into large doughnut-shaped octamers with circumferential grooves and deep clefts containing nucleotide-binding histidine triad (HIT)-like motifs. Here, we demonstrate that NSP2 of group C rotavirus, a group that fails to reassort with group A viruses, retains the unique architecture of the group A octamer but differs in surface charge distribution. By using an NSP2-dependent complementation system, we show that the HIT-dependent NTPase activity of NSP2 is necessary for dsRNA synthesis, but not for viroplasm formation. The complementation system also showed that despite the retention of the octamer structure and the HIT-like fold, group C NSP2 failed to rescue replication and viroplasm formation in NSP2-deficient cells infected with group A rotavirus. The distinct differences in the surface charges on the Bristol and SA11 NSP2 octamers suggest that charge complementarity of the viroplasm-forming proteins guides the specificity of viroplasm formation and, possibly, reassortment restriction between rotavirus groups.
Computational evidence that the inverse kinetic isotope effect for reductive elimination of methane from a tungstenocene methyl–hydride complex is associated with the inverse equilibrium isotope effect for formation of a σ-complex intermediate

Calculations on [H2Si(C5H4)2]W(Me)H demonstrate that the interconversion between [H2Si(C5H4)2]W(Me)H and the σ-complex [H2Si(C5H4)2]W(σ-HMe) is characterized by normal kinetic isotope effects for both reductive coupling and oxidative cleavage; the equilibrium isotope effect, however, is inverse and is the origin of the inverse kinetic isotope effect for the overall reductive elimination of methane.
The Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Epilepsy

Although the ketogenic diet (KD) was first proposed as treatment for epilepsy in 1921, it fell into disuse with the advent of commercially available antiepileptic medications. Over the past decade, there has been renewed interest in the KD for those patients whose epilepsy is refractory to standard anticonvulsant therapy. Although the KD has met with some success, effectiveness depends on a working knowledge of the diet by all health care providers, proper patient selection, and strict adherence to the diet by the patient, patient's family, and those interacting with the child (ie, bus drivers, teachers, and friends). Although the classical KD has existed for >75 years, the exact mechanism of action remains elusive. Likewise, little information exists to serve as a guideline for newcomers to this therapeutic modality. The purpose of this article is to provide health care professionals with practical knowledge concerning the KD and its role in the treatment of epilepsy.
Far‐infrared absorption of nucleotides and poly(I)·poly(C) RNA

We have measured the ir absorption of 5′CMP, 5′IMP, and poly(I)·poly(C) from ∼25 to ∼500 cm−1. From a comparison of the data with the previously measured absorption of the corresponding nucleosides and bases we can identify several “lines” associated with the deformation of the ribose ring. Out-of-plane deformation of the bases contributes strongly to vibrations near 200 cm−1. The same ribose vibrations observed in the nucleotides are found in poly(I)·poly(C). They sharpen with increasing water absorption. A study of the spectra of poly(I)·poly(C) as a function of the adsorbed water indicates that water does not contribute in a purely additive fashion to the polynucleotide spectrum but depends on the conformation of the helix. However, the only spectral feature that shifts drastically with conformation is near 45 cm−1. Measurements at cryogenic temperatures indicate some sharpening of the spectrum of poly(I)·poly(C). Instead, no sharpening is observed in the spectrum of the nucleotides. Shear degradation of poly(I)·poly(C) produces significant spectral changes in the 200-cm−1 region and sharpening of the features assigned to the low-frequency ribose-ring vibrations.
Posterior stabilized knee arthroplasty: an assessment of bone resection

Abstract Fifty-five anatomic saw bones were cut using the manufactures instruments for the five implant designs currently utilized at the Hospital for Special Surgery (Insall-Burstein II, Genesis II, PFC Sigma, Optitrak, and Nex-Gen Legacy). The quantity of intercondylar femoral bone removed, following posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty with these five designs, was determined using a fast cast wax mold technique. Genesis II and Optitrak removed significantly less bone in small anatomic saw bones compared with the PFC Sigma, Nex-Gen Legacy and Insall-Burstein II designs. Genesis II removed significantly less bone in the large bones compared with the Optitrak, PFC Sigma, Nex-Gen Legacy and Insall-Burstein II designs.
PROPERTIES OF HADRON DISTRIBUTIONS IN REACTIONS - CONTAINING VERY HEAVY QUARKS*

We study, in the framework of the naive quark-parton model, production and decay dynamics for processes containing a very heavy quark Q of a new flavor, decaying via weak interactions. We argue the following. (i) The event-by-event distribution of hadrons is similar to what would exist in a similar direct process involving the same produced partons (with the same momenta), but not involving a cascade decay. (ii) For neutrino production, electroproduction, and e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilation, at energies far above threshold, the inclusive momentum distribution of a stable hadron H containing the Q peaks near the maximum momentum, i.e., at values of the scaling variable z approx. 1. (iii) For events containing a nonleptonic decay of Q into ordinary quarks via Q ..-->.. qq-barq, the leading hadron distribution is characterized by multiplicity approx.3 times normal multiplicity, as well as abnormally large transverse momenta.
Responses to Humorous ADS: Does Audience Involvement Matter?

(2006). Responses to Humorous ADS: Does Audience Involvement Matter? Journal of Advertising: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 113-127.
NASA/Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor validation at Mauna Loa Observatory by Raman lidar

[1] The NASA/Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument has been compared to the Mauna Loa Observatory Raman water vapor lidar. Calibration of the lidar used Vaisala RS80-H radiosondes launched from the observatory. The average standard deviation between the sondes and the lidar, in the range 6 km to 11.5 km, is 11.9%. The sondes indicate no overlap correction for the lidar at low altitudes is necessary. A comparison was made between the lidar total column water and a GPS total column water measurement as a check on the calibration, resulting in a correlation slope of 1.026 ± 0.058 and R2 = 0.84. The MLS measurements are significantly better in the stratosphere where the lidar has poor sensitivity. The MLS measurement in the troposphere has much lower altitude resolution than the lidar so the validation overlap altitudes are limited. A comparison is made with version 1.5 MLS data for 32 overpasses at the three MLS altitudes in the troposphere. The GPS total column water measurement was used to screen the overpasses by eliminating ones where the water varied by more than 50% during the lidar integration period. At 147 hPa the MLS data show a dry bias of 44.8% ± 36%. At 215 hPa the MLS measurement also shows a dry bias of 22.3% ± 22%, and at 316 hPa there is a dry bias of 19.9% ± 46%. The dry bias seen is consistent with the cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH) measurements at many latitudes (23% ± 37% at 215 hPa and 4% ± 62% at 316 hPa).
Saying and doing: The role of semantics in the use of generic sentences

This article discusses semantic theories of generic sentences that seek to tie their meaning closely to their use, rather than giving more traditional truth-conditional semantic treatments. It focuses on McConnell-Ginet's recent work and defends truth-conditional approaches combined with a traditional semantics-pragmatics distinction. Resume: Cet article porte sur les phrases generiques et sur les analyses semantiques qui tentent de lier l'interpretation de ces phrases a leur usage plutot qu'en terme de conditions de verite comme il est de mise dans les analyses traditionnelles. L'article vise en particulier le travail recent de McConnell-Ginet et defend les approches traditionnelles en termes de conditions de verite tout en defendant la distinction ordinaire entre la semantique et la pragmatique.
Chip-last embedded actives and passives in thin organic package for 1–110 GHz multi-band applications

This paper presents for the first time a novel manufacturing-compatible organic substrate and interconnect technology using ultra-thin chip-last embedded active and passive components for digital, analog, MEMS, RF, microwave and millimeter wave applications. The architecture of the platform consists of a low-CTE thin core and minimum number of thin build up organic dielectric and conductive layers. This organic substrate is based on a new generation of low-loss and thermally-stable thermosetting polymers (RXP-1 and RXP-4). Unlike LCP- and Teflon-based materials, the RXP material system is fully compatible with conventional FR-4 manufacturing processes. Ultra-thin silicon test die (55µm thick) has been embedded in a 60µm deep cavity with a 6-metal layer RXP substrate and a total thickness of 0.22mm. The embedded IC is interconnected to the substrate by ultra-fine pitch Cu-to-Cu bonding with polymer adhesives. This novel interconnection process performed at 180°C, has passed 1,000 thermal shock cycles in reliability testing. Because of manufacturing process simplicity and unparalleled set of benefits, the chip-last technology described in this paper provides the benefits of chip-first without its disadvantages and thus enables highly miniaturized, multi-band, high performance 3D modules by stacking embedded 3D ICs or packages with embedded actives, passives and MEMS devices.
Early ontogeny of the secondary proliferative population of the embryonic murine cerebral wall

The present report is an analysis of the proliferative behavior of the secondary proliferative population (SPP) of the dorsomedial region of the embryonic mouse cerebral wall. It is based upon experiments undertaken on embryonic days 14–16 (E14-E16) and exploits methods in which proliferative cells are labeled in S phase with either or both bromodeoxyuridine and tritiated thymidine. The SPP, which arises from the PVE by E13, is principally the progenitor population to the neuroglial population of the mature neocortex and subjacent cerebral wall. By the end of E14 the SPP comes to be distributed diffusely from the outer margin of the ventricular zone throughout subventricular zone and intermediate zone. The length of the cell cycle of the SPP is constant at approximately 15 hr throughout this interval; thus, this population undergoes 1.6 cell cycles/24 hr or 3.2 cycles in the course of the 48 hr period, E14-E16. Over this 48 hr period, the SPP increases from 11% to 35% of the total proliferative population of the dorsomedial cerebral wall. The absolute size of the SPP increases nearly sixfold. With these values taken together it may be estimated that approximately 87% of postmitotic cells of the SPP reenter S phase after each cell division in this interval which means that only approximately 13% of the proliferative population exits the cycle. These findings illustrate the massive expansion of the SPP antecedent to the explosive diffusion of glial cells through the neocortex and subjacent cerebral wall as neuronal migration comes to completion and neocortical growth and differentiation accelerate.
Equalization of nonlinear systems modeled using the burgers equation

This paper describes a model-based corrector for distortions due to propagation of acoustic waveforms in air in a cylindrical waveguide at high sound pressure levels. The nonlinear distortions are modeled using the Burgers' wave propagation model, accounting for dissipation and boundary layer dispersion effects. The corrector was designed to mitigate these distortions in signals obtained from predefined distances in the waveguide. This compensator is derived from the Burgers' model and is independent of the stimulus used. Results demonstrating a substantial reduction in the intermodulation distortion and harmonic distortion in a specific frequency band of interest over a multitude of test input stimuli are included in this paper.
Integration of the Super Nova early warning system with the NOvA Trigger

The NOvA experiment, with a baseline of 810km, samples Fermilab’s upgraded NuMI beam with a Near Detector on-site and a Far Detector (FD) at Ash River, MN, to observe oscillations of muon neutrinos. The 344,064 liquid scintillator-filled cells of the 14 kton FD provide high granularity of a large detector mass and enable us to also study non-accelerator based neutrinos with our Data Driven Trigger framework. This paper will focus on the real time integration of the SNEWS with the NOvA Trigger where we have set up an XML-RPC based messaging system to inject the SNEWS signal directly into our trigger. In conclusion, this presents a departure from the E-Mail based notification mechanism used by SNEWS in the past and allows NOvA more control over propagation and transmission timing.
ENDORPHINS AND PLACEBO FEAR REDUCTION

Summary.-This study examined whether endorphins play a role in placebo fear reduction in addition to their apparent mediation of placebo analgesia. 27 female undergraduate students were intravenously administered either saline or the endorphin antagonist, naloxone, under double-blind conditions prior to exposure to a nonspecific analogue treatment for snake fear. Analysis indicated that the two groups of subjects performed comparably and significantly better than no-treatment controls on posttest measures of self-efficacy, self-rated fear, and approach toward a live, harmless snake. These preliminaq findings suggest that a mechanism other than endorphin release underlies fear reduction in psychological placebo treatments. Endorphins are a class of naturally occurring, opiate-like biochemical sub
Comparison of two Navier-Stokes aeroelastic methods using BACT benchmark experimental data

Two three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes codes are applied to selected test cases from an experimental dataset on a model known as the Benchmark Active Control Technology (BACT) wing. The BACT test provides data for the validation of aerodynamic, aeroelastic and active aeroelastic control simulation codes. In this paper, the present computational methods will be evaluated using these data. Computational results from two commonly used aeroelastic Navier-Stokes solution methods will be compared with experimental data for a wing with a statically deflected and oscillating trailing edge control surface. This paper also presents an initial assessment of the limits of validity of the use of continuous surface modeling and a structured CFD flow solver for the computation of complex moving control surface geometries. Motivation for this work is the potential development of an integrated computational aeroelasticity and active control simulation capability for the transonic flight regime.
After the Storms: Tradition and Change in Bayou La Batre

About once a century in Bayou La Batre, Alabama, a catastrophic storm comes roaring from the Gulf of Mexico. Ninety-nine years before Hurricane Katrina there was the hur ricane of 1906, a mighty wind that lasted for more than twenty-four hours, long before these events had names. The memories of it are present even now in the oral history of the Bayou?in the family stories handed down for generations in this coastal fishing village. Alma Bryant, a girl of thirteen in 1906, and later her community's leading educator, re membered being separated from her family in the storm, as the tidal surge tore her house from its moorings. "Rain, the coldest and heaviest I have ever felt, pounded me relent lessly," she said. "Then the vicious wind picked me up and immersed me in one of those craters made by an uprooted tree. I clutched the limb . . . and held on for dear life, barely conscious of the weird noises all around me?the shrieks of frightened birds, the woeful cry of a drowning calf, the dying moans of Mr. Deakle's old white mare pinned beneath the demolished barn."1 Bryant, in the end, was one of the lucky ones. She managed to swim and clamor through the floating debris?"the limp, dead chickens, bloated hogs, writhing snakes"? toward the flickering light of a house in the distance. At least 135 others did not make it, and the Mobile Register, the morning newspaper in the nearest city, carefully recorded the details. Two Bayou women lining up the bodies, covering them with shrouds; a fright ened family emerging from the woods, where they had drifted all night in an open skiff; a writer's description of those who survived: "Most . . . resembled great chunks of liver colored beef, so badly were they battered and bruised."2 This now is a part of the lore of Bayou La Batre, a place where residents freely acknowl edge that life on the edge of the continent is hard. The hurricanes come and the hurri canes go, requiring resilience of those who survive. So it was in 1906, and so it is after Hurricane Katrina. But there is another understanding more subtle and elusive, more difficult for many people to explain. When the truly massive storms hit the Bayou, those once-a-century calamities, they have often changed the course of local history, much as they might alter the course of a river.
Response of rabbit testicular capsular contractions to testosterone, prostaglandin E1, and isoproterenol in vitro and in vivo.

SummaryRabbit testicular capsular contractions in vitro were inhibited by 5α-androstan-17β-01-3-one, androstenedione, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and testosterone with approximately the same potency. Testosterone did not inhibit spontaneous contractions in vivo, but it did partially inhibit PGE1 potentiated contractions in vivo. Capsular preparations responded similarly to PGE1 and isoproterenol both in vitro and in vivo indicating that it was not the route of administration that determined the response of the capsule to testosterone. By contrast, spontaneous contractions in vivo could not be abolished by repeated changes of the bathing media as previously reported for in vitro preparations. These data negate the possible regulation of testicular contractions by endogenous steroids.We thank Dr. John E. Pike of the Upjohn Co. for the prostaglandins used in this study.
Book Review: White Privilege and Racism: Perceptions and Actions. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education by Lund, C. L., & Colin, S. A. J., III. (Eds.).

Lund, C. L., & Colin, S. A. J., III. (Eds.). (2010). White Privilege and Racism: Perceptions and Actions. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 125. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 104 pp. ISBN: 978-0-47063162-1 (paperback). Racism, in America and globally, continues to scar Whites and people of color, despite what is called a postracial society. This stubborn continuation necessitates discussion centering on the correlation between White privilege and racism. In the 125th edition of New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. edited by Lund and Colin III (2010), the goal is to do just that. This volume was primarily written to challenge White adult educators "to reflect on their paradigm and practice and institute appropriate changes" (p. 2). The eight chapters cover a spectrum of adult and continuing education fields from adult education graduate programs, vocational training, human resource development (HRD), community-based organizations to health education, while focusing on how White privilege and racism are instituted in the authors' respective fields and, in some instances, offering ways for White practitioners to reflect and act for change. In Chapter 1, Colin III begins with the argument that we are not a postracial society. She continues by citing examples of racial profiling in employment and the media, as well as manifestations of White racist ideology in higher education affecting curricula, faculty retention, promotion, and the graduation rates of students of color in adult education. Lund, in defining White privilege, examines her own journey of what it means to be White and how she has come to understand how she "perpetuated racism as an educator and colleague" (p. 23). She encourages White educators to take this same journey and entertain the possibility that, if you are White, it is impossible to be nonracist. Baumgartner and Johnson-Bailey. two adult educators--one White and one Black, examine the correlation between White privilege and racism through their own experiences in adult education graduate programs. Through the lens of Australia and vocational education, Shore looks at the racialized nature of Australian vocational training beyond skin color to social regulation through everyday institutional practices, which she calls "everyday whiteness" (p. 45). The chapter goes on to describe a research study of the university course, Learning Cultures: Whiteness and Education. …
Laboratory Studies on the Response of German Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) to an Abamectin Gel Bait

The response of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), to an abamectin gel bait (0.01% [AI] abamectin B1) was tested. In 5-d tests, mortality of large nymphs was greater than or equal to 95% in no-choice and choice experiments (gel bait versus partially pulverized dog food pellets). Mortality varied with age and sex in populations (n = 2) of 80 cockroaches that were exposed continuously to the bait and dog food. Within 2 wk, the mean mortality of nymphal groups, adult males, and females bearing early-stage ootheca was 99.2, 85, and 45%, respectively. Hatch began on day 18 and mortality of newly hatched nymphs on day 22. By day 28, mortality of newly hatched nymphs and adult females was 68.5 and 90%, respectively. None of the cockroaches survived for >34 d. The control population consisted of 76 of the original 80 cockroaches and 276 early instars at the conclusion of the experiment (day 34).
Immediate fundus complications after retinal scatter photocoagulation. I. Clinical picture and pathogenesis

Fifty diabetics with severe background retinopathy or early proliferative retinopathy underwent retinal scatter photocoagulation with either the argon laser or the xenon arc photocoagulators. Choroidal detachment, exudative retinal detachment, shallowing of the anterior chamber, and secondary angle-closure glaucoma were observed. Exudative retinal detachment and choroidal detachment subsided in two days to 2-1/2 weeks. Glaucoma secondary to choroidal detachment with angle closure was observed in 11 eyes, three of which required medical treatment, although surgical therapy was not needed. This secondary glaucoma was detected in the first two days and subsided in subsequent days, with intraocular pressure reaching pretreatment values at the fifth day. No long-term sequelae were observed in these complications, except in one eye that developed macular edema that lasted for four months with decreased visual acuity; nevertheless, vision returned to the pretreatment level one year after photocoagulation.
SARAA: Semi-Supervised Learning for Automated Residential Appliance Annotation

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) provides homeowners with detailed feedback on their electricity usage, but an open area is appliance labeling and generalizable appliance models that can be trained in one home and deployed in another. We therefore propose a semi-supervised learning appliance annotation scheme for home appliance signatures (SARAA). SARAA utilizes time series of appliance turn on and turn off events to tune generic appliance classifiers to appliances in the target home using a mixture of labeled and unlabeled data. Achieving this goal requires the development of a stopping criterion for semi-supervised learning, and we propose and evaluate a stopping heuristic for one-nearest neighbor semi-supervised learning of appliance signature time series. Starting with only a single labeled instance in the target home, SARAA produces classifiers with median F1 scores only 14.8% lower than benchmark classifiers trained on the fully labeled ground truth data in the target home, outperforming classifiers trained only on data from other homes, which have a median F1 score that is 51.23% poorer than the benchmark. The results of this paper will help develop NILM systems, which can automatically learn appliance signatures without user input and facilitate wider adoption of NILM technologies.
Sero-epidemiological survey of malaria in mobile population in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the antibody level of malaria and relative features in mobile population from other provinces, and to put forward the preventive measures to control the malaria in mobile population. Methods The epidemiological survey by both immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and interview were conducted among mobile people in 6 townships of Pudong and Minghang districts of Shanghai. And the same methods were performed in local residents of those townships as the control groups. Results A total of 2 732 mobile people were detected by IFA, with 3.81% of the positive. The IFA positive rates of mobile population are significantly different among groups classified by prevalences of their original residential provinces, it is indicated that there are consistent between IFA positive rate and reported prevalence rate of their residential provinces. The positive rate of IFA in those people from hyper - epidemic areas was 8.10% which significant higher than other groups with lower prevalence rates. There was also significantly difference in IFA positive rate between the groups with over than 0. \%c and lower than 0.001鈥?of prevalence rates. It is indicated that there are consistent between IFA positive rate and reported prevalence rate. But the IFA positive rate in local residents was 1.36 % which was significant lower than that in mobile population. The positives in IFA of mobile people was mainly distributed in population of 17-54 ages, with primary and middle school education background, and those population staying in Shanghai not longer than 5 years. Conclusion There is a higher potential risk when mobile population moved from hyper - epidemic areas into lower epidemic areas, and it is necessary to strengthen the malaria surveillance in mobile population.
Prediction of Remaining Shelf-life for a Missile Rubber Sealing Material

Objective To predict the remaining shelf-life for a missile rubber sealing material based on the thermal aging method. Methods The rubber material was analyzed by MS,FTIR,EDS,and XRD,the temperature conditions were determined through thermogravimetric analysis,and clamp setting was designed to simulate the actual sealing structure of the missile,to conduct the accelerated thermal aging under four temperature conditions. Results The rubber material was styrene butadiene rubber,and the aging dynamics equation of permanent compressive deformation and storage time at the storage temperature of this material was established. Conclusion The remaining shelf-life was predicted to be 5. 8 a at 25 ℃.
Fractures of the tibial condyle; a clinical and experimental study.

Seven hundred and twenty-six tibial condylar fractures have been analyzed, with follow-up studies from two to thirteen years in 227 cases. Conservative treatment is indicated in undisplaced fractures, local-depression fractures with displacement of less than one centimeter, and split fractures with displacement of less than one-half centimeter. Manipulation under anaesthesia with traction is indicated in total-depression fractures and in split fractures with shattering of the upper tibial See Images in the PDF file surface. Open reduction is indicated in local-depression fractures displaced than one centimeter, total-depression fractures irreducible under anaesthesia, and split fractures with displacement of more than one-half centimeter. It is the opinion of the authors, based upon this clinical and experimental study, that early active motion is most important in obtaining optimum results in fractures of the tibial condyle.
Reconsidering Absorptive Capacity: A Meta-Analysis to Improve Theoretical Foundations and Measures

This meta-analysis identifies deficiencies and opportunities in the theoretical foundations and measurement of absorptive capacity (ACAP). We integrate existing empirical findings in the relationsh...
A Review of Intervention Studies Aimed at Domestic Water Conservation

We must overhaul how we view and use water to ensure that there is enough potable water to meet the rising global demand. To achieve such changes, many researchers have developed intervention methods aimed at promoting water conservation in the home. Single or combined styles of intervention, applied from a range of a few days to eight months, achieve a wide range (2 % to 28 %) of water savings. However, what factors play the biggest roles in achieving such savings remain as of yet unclear. Two factors are highlighted in this review: an intervention’s visibility and the climate context in which the intervention was conducted. This paper provides a comprehensive review of intervention methods; in doing so it summarizes findings of current research and provides recommendations for future work.
Graft-through Synthesis and Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers from A- Branch -B Diblock Macromonomers

We report the synthesis of Janus bottlebrush block copolymers by graft-through polymerization of branched diblock macromonomers. Self-assembly of the bottlebrushes was characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Phase separation and packing models of the bottlebrushes were computed, and their self-assembly behavior was corroborated experimentally in bulk and in thin films. Lamellar, hexagonal cylinder, and gyroid phases were observed and modeled. The A-branch-B Janus bottlebrush structure provides several unique advantages in the context of bottlebrush polymer assembly, including access to the first examples of gyroid phases.
Characterization of cadmium capture-gated detector for nuclear nonproliferation applications

Almost all commercially applied neutron-counting systems employ 3He tubes for detection of thermal neutrons. However, due to a large number of 3He systems deployed in the field, there is currently a severe shortage of 3He gas. Therefore, novel neutron detection systems are desirable, especially because a large number of detection systems are needed to meet current security demands. One class of detectors that has been explored is capture-gated scintillation detectors which consist of a standard scintillation detector (plastic or liquid) that has been modified to include a neutron capturing isotope. The capture-gated neutron-spectroscopy principle is based on the fact that a single neutron that interacts in a capture-gated detector can create two pulses that are related in time. In this work, we present simulation and measurement results for a cadmium/plastic-scintillator capture-gated detector. The detector consists of 13, 1-cm thick BC-408 plastic-scintillator layers and 12, 0.1-mm thick natCd layers. This detector possesses unique detection characteristics that could find use in nuclear nonproliferation applications.
The Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire offers a concise alternative to the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire for measuring eating behaviors related to weight loss.

Objective During a one-year weight loss trial, we compared the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), a valid 51-item measure of restraint, disinhibition, and hunger subscales, with the newer 16-item Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire (WREQ) measuring routine and compensatory restraint and external and emotional eating.
Utilities for distributive justice

This paper falls within the field of Distributive Justice and (as the title indicates) addresses itself specifically to the ‘meshing problem’. Briefly stated, the ‘meshing problem’ is the difficulty encountered when one tries to aggregate the two parameters of beneficence and equity in a way that results in determining which of two or more alternative utility distributions is most just. A solution to this problem, in the form of a formal welfare measure, is presented in the paper. This formula incorporates the notions of equity and beneficence (which are defined earlier by the author) and weighs them against each other to compute a numerical value which represents the ‘degree of justice’ a given distribution possesses. This value can in turn be used comparatively to select which utility scheme, of those being considered, is best.
Flying Spiders: Simulating and Modeling the Dynamics of Ballooning

Spiders use a type of aerial dispersal called “ballooning” to move from one location to another. In order to balloon, a spider releases a silk dragline from its spinnerets and when the movement of air relative to the dragline generates enough force, the spider takes flight. We have developed and implemented a model for spider ballooning to identify the crucial physical phenomena driving this unique mode of dispersal. Mathematically, the model is described as a fully coupled fluid–structure interaction problem of a flexible dragline moving through a viscous, incompressible fluid. The immersed boundary method has been used to solve this complex multi-scale problem. Specifically, we used an adaptive and distributed-memory parallel implementation of immersed boundary method (IBAMR). Based on the nondimensional numbers characterizing the surrounding flow, we represent the spider as a point mass attached to a massless, flexible dragline. In this paper, we explored three critical stages for ballooning, takeoff, flight, and settling in two dimensions. To explore flight and settling, we numerically simulate the spider in free fall in a quiescent flow. To model takeoff, we initially tether the spider-dragline system and then release it in two types of flows. Based on our simulations, we can conclude that the dynamics of ballooning is significantly influenced by the spider mass and the length of the dragline. Dragline properties such as the bending modulus also play important roles. While the spider-dragline is in flight, the instability of the atmosphere allows the spider to remain airborne for long periods of time. In other words, large dispersal distances are possible with appropriate wind conditions.