cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Handedness, Familial Sinistrality and Sex on the Performance of a Dichotic Listening Task

The contributions of handedness, familial sinistrality and sex to laterality effects on a dichotic listening task were examined. Left-handers exhibited left ear advantages, and right-handers showed right ear advantages in auditory asymmetry. These results varied with the sex and familial sinistrality of the subjects. Contradictions in the literature are discussed and are shown to occur most often when the subjects are left-handed or have a family history of left-handedness.
Nitrogen deposition and greenhouse gas emissions from grasslands: Uncertainties and future directions

Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition (Ndep) can strongly affect the greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, and N2O) sink capacity of grasslands as well as other terrestrial ecosystems. Robust predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depend on how experimental N loads compare to projected Ndep rates, and how accurately the relationship between GHG fluxes and Ndep is characterized. A literature review revealed that the vast majority of experimental N loads were higher than levels these ecosystems are predicted to experience in the future. Using a process-based biogeochemical model, we predicted that low levels of Ndep either enhanced or reduced the net GHG sink strength of most grasslands, but as experimental N loads continued to increase, grasslands transitioned to a N saturation-decline stage, where the sensitivity of GHG exchange to further increases in Ndep declined. Most published studies represented treatments well into the N saturation-decline stage. Our model results predict that the responses of GHG fluxes to N are highly nonlinear and that the N saturation thresholds for GHGs varied greatly among grasslands and with fire management. We predict that during the 21st century some grasslands will be in the N limitation stage where others will transition into the N saturation-decline stage. The linear relationship between GHG sink strength and N load assumed by most studies can overestimate or underestimate predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depending on their N baseline status. The next generation of global change experiments should be designed at multiple N loads consistent with future Ndep rates to improve our empirical understanding and predictive ability.
Temperature Dependence of the Viscoelastic Properties of SSC Coil Insulation (Kapton)

Tensile creep of Kapton insulation was measured at 5°C and 55°C. This was done to investigate the time temperature shift factor. From earlier work, it was thought that when an instantaneous load was applied the resultant creep could be divided into two parts. There was a time independent and a time dependent portion. At two different temperatures, the time scale of the creep should differ by a constant k, the shift factor. The shift factor would be used to determine time-temperature equivalents to extrapolate the stress loss during the storage life of the SSC magnets before the are put to use and thus whether a refrigerated storage area might be necessary. We have found that within the methods used for earlier work in this area, a constant shift factor may not be possible to determine. Compressive Stress Relaxation was also studied at 38°C and 55°C for the same purpose, but was expected to be a more difficult measurement.
Self-assembled LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 nanosheet cathodes with tunable rate capability

Controlling nanoscale structure and morphology of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) cathode material is essential to optimizing their electrochemical performance in rechargeable lithium batteries owing to their anisotropic Li ion transport behavior. Here we report novel nanoarchitectured NCM cathodes composed of self-assembled nanosheet structures synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and a stepwise calcination process. The as-obtained NCM cathodes showed different surface architectures with various degrees of packing and tap densities, leading to very different Li ion transport kinetics and thus variable rate capability. This study shows a promising material model for detailed investigation of the fundamental relationship between the structures/morphologies of battery electrodes and their Li ion transport kinetics.
"Welcome to the Jam": Popular Culture, School Literacy, and the Making of Childhoods.

In this ethnographic study of a group of African American first graders, Anne Haas Dyson illustrates the textual processes — the deliberate manipulation of popular cultural material — involved in the children's shared practices as playful children and good friends. These same processes shaped the ways the children made sense of and began to participate in school literacy. The observed children did not approach official literacy activities in their classroom as though they had nothing to do with their own childhoods. They made use of familiar media-influenced practices and symbolic material to take intellectual and social action in the official school world. Dyson offers a fresh perspective on children's experiences with popular media, emphasizing that they are an integral aspect of contemporary childhoods, not an external threat. Moreover, she presents an alternative view of the pathways and mechanisms through which children enter into school literacy practices, one that illuminates how children build fro...
Prevotella intermedia meningitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage in an adolescent.

Anaerobic bacteria have not been previously reported in meningitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage caused by trauma. This report describes an adolescent who had meningitis caused by Prevotella intermedia associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The infection developed after head trauma and right orbital bone fracture. The patient recovered after parenteral therapy with metronidazole and ceftriaxone for 21 days and metronidazole for an additional 21 days.
The Mechanisms and Kinetics of Surface Reactions of Trimethylgallium on GaAs (001) Surfaces and Its Relevance to Atomic Layer Epitaxy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) have been applied to study the stable adsorbed Ga species and surface structures after GaAs (001) 2 × 4 As-rich surfaces are exposed to TMGa. These studies show that Ga atoms are the final adsorbed species, that Ga deposition is saturated at one atomic layer at temperatures between 360 and 530 °C and that the surface converts from a 2 × 4 to a 4 × 6 reconstruction after TMGa adsorption. To understand the surface reaction kinetics involved, reflectance-difference spectroscopy (RDS), an in situ rea-ltime optical technique developed by Aspnes et al., is applied to investigate TMGa adsorption on (001) GaAs surfaces. The kinetics of the surface reactions and reconstructions have been characterized over the temperature range from 400 to 500 °C using RDS. The transient RDS behaviors are interpreted by the application of a model that involves selective adsorption and reaction of TMGa at surface As sites and at Ga vacancies on Ga-rich reconstructed surfaces. Based upon these interpretations, rates of reaction and by product desorption are determined that suggest optimal strategies for ALE growth of GaAs.
Commodification of culture in China’s new cultural industry

This paper is based on research done in 2014 investigating the commodification of culture in China’s new cultural industries, including interviews and research at the Institute for Cultural Industries at Peking University (ICIPKU), founded in 1999 as a think-tank to develop a National Research Base for Cultural Industries Innovation and Development. The paper makes use of the ICIPKU model for assessing cultural industry planning and implementation [technology, education, art (T–E–A)] as the critical apparatus for evaluating five different expressions of cultural industry. The expressions of Chinese cultural industry focused on in this study are the Shangba Fine Arts Development Group; the Wanda Group’s tourist city development in Wuxi and Wuhan; the recreated cities of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, and the Hengdian World Studios, known as “Chinawood”; the Impression West Lake pageant; and Songcheng, Song Dynasty participatory park. I argue that not all cultural industry expressions measured up well under the T–E–A assessment model. The Songcheng Group approach excelled in its genre, as did the Shangba Group in its model and the Impression West Lake as a presentation of culture through a pageant performance. Beyond the T–E–A model, I hold that all three of these groups took seriously cultural transmission, interpretation, and education while not neglecting the essential business interest of profitability.
Research Article: Protein-protein interaction analysis reveals a novel function of the lhx1 transcription factor in zebrafish

Abstract Normal embryonic development requires the coordinated expression of many genes. The temporal and spatial expression of these genes is regulated by transcription factors. The LIM homeodomain (LIM-HD) family of transcription factors plays important roles in the formation of the nervous system, reproductive tract, and kidney. lhx1 is a member of the LIM-HD family and is expressed in zebrafish kidney stem cells during development and regeneration. Its interaction with ldb1 has been shown to be important for its activation. However, no other protein is known to interact with lhx1. In this report, we set out to identify new interacting proteins and discovered for the first time that lhx1 can interact with itself to form a dimer. This provides a better understanding of the molecular function of lhx1 and may contribute to designing therapies for diseases caused by lhx1 malfunction.
Gridded vacuum tube use in transmitting wideband non-foster electrically small antennas

Non-foster impedance matching circuits are one method to achieve ultra-wideband matching to electrically small antennas (ESAs). In this work, we examine the requirements of an active element that can accommodate the high voltage and current swings required to drive an ESA. We have examined the requirements necessary to transmit 5 W of power from an electrically small dipole and loop antenna, each with a maximum linear dimension of 1 m, across the entire high frequency (HF) band. In addition, we evaluated the use of gridded vacuum tubes as the active elements of the non-foster matching circuit.
Barite and Lepidocrocite in Spherulitic Dahllite from Big Horn Basin, Wyoming

(1970). Barite and Lepidocrocite in Spherulitic Dahllite from Big Horn Basin, Wyoming. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 90-92.
Multiscale high-order/low-order (HOLO) algorithms and applications

We review the state of the art in the formulation, implementation, and performance of so-called high-order/low-order (HOLO) algorithms for challenging multiscale problems. HOLO algorithms attempt to couple one or several high-complexity physical models (the high-order model, HO) with low-complexity ones (the low-order model, LO). The primary goal of HOLO algorithms is to achieve nonlinear convergence between HO and LO components while minimizing memory footprint and managing the computational complexity in a practical manner. Key to the HOLO approach is the use of the LO representations to address temporal stiffness, effectively accelerating the convergence of the HO/LO coupled system. The HOLO approach is broadly underpinned by the concept of nonlinear elimination, which enables segregation of the HO and LO components in ways that can effectively use heterogeneous architectures. The accuracy and efficiency benefits of HOLO algorithms are demonstrated with specific applications to radiation transport, gas dynamics, plasmas (both Eulerian and Lagrangian formulations), and ocean modeling. Across this broad application spectrum, HOLO algorithms achieve significant accuracy improvements at a fraction of the cost compared to conventional approaches. It follows that HOLO algorithms hold significant potential for high-fidelity system scale multiscale simulations leveraging exascale computing.
Modeling the uncertainties in renewable generation and smart grid loads for the study of the grid vulnerability

The uncertainties of power systems are becoming more and more important due to power systems restructuring and ever increasing renewable generation integration into the grid. In the literature several uncertainty modeling approaches have been proposed to facilitate decision making process for efficient operation of power systems. These approaches mainly focus on deriving a statistical representation for different sources of uncertainty such as load, generation, and line capacities. However, there is a need for an uncertainty model which can capture the frequency components of uncertainty signals for applications such as voltage control, frequency control/ stability, and grid vulnerability analysis. In this paper we proposed an uncertainty modeling approach that captures the high dynamics of renewable generation uncertainty and smart grid loads and reveals their frequency domain characteristics. We tested the proposed model on IEEE 300 bus system to evaluate the impact of uncertainty on line flows.
Probleme der Otto Ludwig- und Wieland-Ausgabe (I: Leopold Magon, “Probleme der Otto Ludwig-Edition,” pp. 3–12; II: Hans Werner Seiffert, “Zu einigen Textfragen der Wieland-Ausgabe,” pp. 13–25): Sitzungsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse für Sprachen, Literatur und Kunst, Jahrgang 1958, Nr. 1. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1958. DM 2.

(1960). Probleme der Otto Ludwig- und Wieland-Ausgabe (I: Leopold Magon, “Probleme der Otto Ludwig-Edition,” pp. 3–12; II: Hans Werner Seiffert, “Zu einigen Textfragen der Wieland-Ausgabe,” pp. 13–25) The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 78-80.
Prospects for the application of two-dimensional materials to terahertz-band communications

In this paper, we review some of the key properties of emergent two-dimensional (2D) materials that make them potentially attractive for application in the hardware components needed to enable future communications in the terahertz (THz) band. Graphene is a material that has attracted enormous interest in recent years, due to its high electrical and thermal conductivities, and its capacity to exhibit pronounced and controlled plasmonic effects. Here we describe several schemes that seek to exploit these characteristics for the sourcing, manipulating, and detection of THz signals. Another class of 2D materials that are also promising for use in this area are the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). These include materials such as MoS2 and WS2, which, like graphene, exhibit a multi-valley conduction band structure. In contrast to graphene, however, the valleys of TMDs are highly asymmetric, a characteristic that may allow the realization of novel high-frequency sources capable of THz operation.
Generation of Coherent Tunable Picosecond Pulses in the XUV

Coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation is useful in a wide range of applications to physical measurements including areas such as high resolution spectroscopy [1] and solid state surface studies [2]. Nonlinear optical processes, in which ultraviolet radiation serves as the fundamental, have been proven [3–5] to be an efficient means of upconverting ultraviolet laser radiation to the XUV spectral range. Furthermore, excimer lasers, which serve as attractive sources of radiation at 193 nm and 248 nm, have demonstrated [6–8] performance essentially at the fundamental limits governing spectral brightness. Naturally, the peak power of these high brightness systems can be very greatly increased, if the energy can be extracted in a short pulse. In this paper we report the development of such a source and the generation of coherent, tunable, narrow linewidth radiation in the XUV using the radiation from this laser system.
Type 1 Diabetes and Its Multi-Factorial Pathogenesis: The Putative Role of NK Cells

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects millions of people worldwide and is the prevalent form of all pediatric diabetes diagnoses. T1D is recognized to have an autoimmune etiology, since failure in specific self-tolerance mechanisms triggers immune reactions towards self-antigens and causes disease onset. Among all the different immunocytes involved in T1D etiopathogenesis, a relevant role of natural killer cells (NKs) is currently emerging. NKs represent the interface between innate and adaptive immunity; they intervene in the defense against infections and present, at the same time, typical features of the adaptive immune cells, such as expansion and generation of memory cells. Several recent studies, performed both in animal models and in human diabetic patients, revealed aberrations in NK cell frequency and functionality in the peripheral blood and in damaged tissues, suggesting their possible redirection towards affected tissues. NKs oscillate from a quiescent to an activated state through a delicate balance of activating and inhibitory signals transduced via surface receptors. Further accurate investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of NKs in T1D, in order to develop novel immune-based therapies able to reduce the disease risk or delay its onset.
Structure from failure

We investigate the problem of learning the dependencies among servers in large networks based on failure patterns in their up-time behaviour. We model up-times in terms of exponential distributions whose inverse lifetime parameters lmay vary with the state of other servers. Based on a conjugate Gamma prior over inverse lifetimes we identify the most likely network configuration given that any node has at most one parent. The method can be viewed as a special case of learning a continuous time Bayesian network. Our approach enables us to easily incorporate existing expert prior knowledge. Furthermore our method enjoys advantages over a state-of-the-art rule-based approach. We validate the approach on synthetic data and apply it to five year data for a set of over 500 servers at a server farm of a major Microsoft web site.
Provision of Parent Feedback via the Communication Assessment Tool: Does It Improve Resident Communication Skills?

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of a curriculum that included parent feedback, via the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), on resident communication skills. Methods In a prospective, controlled study, categorical pediatric residents in continuity clinic were divided into control and intervention groups based on clinic day. Parent feedback was obtained for all residents at the beginning and end of the year using the CAT, a validated survey to assess physician communication. Intervention residents participated in learning conferences that reviewed communication best practices and received parental feedback via individual and group CAT scores. Scores were dichotomized as 5 (excellent) versus 1 to 4 (less than excellent) and reported as percentage of items rated excellent. Curriculum impact was assessed by comparing score changes between groups. Residents’ scores in both arms were combined to assess changes from the beginning of the year to the end. Statistical testing was performed using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Results All residents (N = 68) participated. Intervention (n = 38) and control (n = 30) residents received at least 10 CATs at the beginning and end of the year. The percentage of parents rating all items as excellent increased by similar percentages in intervention and control groups (60.9%–73.8% vs 61.1%–69.8; P = .38). When scores of residents in both arms were combined, improvement was found from the beginning to the end of the year for all CAT items (P Conclusions A curriculum including parent feedback from CATs did not significantly impact communication skills. However, communication skills improved over the year in intervention and control groups, suggesting that communication training occurs in multiple settings.
Health Electives in Africa and the Duty to Care in the Age of HIV/AIDS.

The duty to care has specific definitions and implications for students planning global health electives. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Neurodiverse Self-Discovery and Social Acceptance in Curious Incident and Marcelo in the Real World

The article compares the identities and coming-of-age experiences of neurodiverse young adult protagonists in two novels, Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and Francis...
Strokes associated with left ventricular assist devices

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have improved dramatically over the past several decades but stroke remains a problem. There are multiple etiologies of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes associated with VADs. While this problem is yet to be solved, there are continuing efforts at improving the design of VADs to decrease the incidence of stroke and to improve long-term survival in patients requiring mechanical circulatory assistance. The purpose is to review the incidence and underlying causes of stroke in VAD patients.
Behind-the-meter Transactive Control Approach for Home Energy Management System

Energy reduction serves as an essential part of demand-side solutions to address the challenges of energy security and carbon emission, and ensure a reliable, affordable and sustainable energy system. In this paper, a behind-the-meter transactive market is proposed for the home energy management system to achieve energy reduction by coordinating home appliances through market bidding and clearing. The proposed approach can achieve the optimal coordination by taking into account the home owner’s preferences of energy reduction over different appliances. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) including air conditioner and water heater are considered as the example to illustrate the controller design. The proposed controllers for TCLs can translate the trade-off between energy saving and temperature discomfort into the bidding information. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed behind-the-meter transactive design for energy reduction.
Single prolonged stress PTSD model triggers progressive severity of anxiety, altered gene expression in locus coeruleus and hypothalamus and effected sensitivity to NPY.

Abstract PTSD is heterogeneous disorder that can be long lasting and often has delayed onset following exposure to a traumatic event. Therefore, it is important to take a staging approach to evaluate progression of biological mechanisms of the disease. Here, we begin to evaluate the temporal trajectory of changes following exposure to traumatic stressors in the SPS rat PTSD model. The percent of animals displaying severe anxiety on EPM increased from 17.5% at one week to 57.1% two weeks after SPS stressors, indicating delayed onset or progressive worsening of the symptoms. The LC displayed prolonged activation, and dysbalance of the CRH/NPY systems, with enhanced CRHR1 gene expression, coupled with reduced mRNAs for NPY and Y2R. In the mediobasal hypothalamus, increased CRH mRNA levels were sustained, but there was a flip in alterations of HPA regulatory molecules, GR and FKBP5 and Y5 receptor at two weeks compared to one week. Two weeks after SPS, intranasal NPY at 300 µg/rat, but not 150 µg which was effective after one week, reversed SPS triggered elevated anxiety. It also reversed SPS elicited depressive/despair symptoms and hyperarousal. Overall, the results reveal time-dependent progression in development of anxiety symptoms and molecular impairments in gene expression for CRH and NPY systems in LC and mediobasal hypothalamus by SPS. With longer time afterwards only a higher dose of NPY was effective in reversing behavioral impairments triggered by SPS, indicating that therapeutic approaches should be adjusted according to the degree of biological progression of the disorder.
Air-Sea Heat Flux Variability in the Southeast Indian Ocean and Its Relation With Ningaloo Niño

Previous studies suggest that both air-sea heat flux anomalies and heat advection caused by an anomalous Leeuwin Current play an important role in modulating the sea surface temperature (SST) variability associated with the Ningaloo Nino. However, the estimates of surface heat fluxes vary substantially with the datasets, and the uncertainties largely depend on the time scale and locations. This study investigates air-sea flux variability associated with the Ningaloo Nino using multiple datasets of surface fluxes. The climatological net surface heat flux off the west coast of Australia from six major air-sea flux products shows large uncertainties, which exceeds 80 W m-2, especially in the austral summer when the Ningaloo Nino develops. These uncertainties stem mainly from those in shortwave radiation and latent heat flux. The use of different bulk flux algorithms and uncertainties of bulk atmospheric variables (wind speed and air specific humidity) are mostly responsible for the difference in latent heat flux climatology between the datasets. The composite evolution of air-sea heat fluxes over the life cycle of Ningaloo Nino indicates that the anomalous latent heat flux is dominant for the net surface heat flux variations, and that the uncertainties in latent heat flux anomaly largely depend on the phase of the Ningaloo Nino. During the recovery period of Ningaloo Nino, large negative latent heat flux anomalies (cooling the ocean) are evident in all datasets and thus significantly contribute to the SST cooling. Because the recovery of winds occurs earlier than SST, high SST and strong winds favor large evaporative cooling during the recovery phase. In contrast, the role of latent heat flux during the developing phase is not clear, because the sign of the anomalies depends on the datasets in this period. The use of high-resolution SST data, which can adequately represent SST variations produced by the anomalous Leeuwin Current, could largely reduce the errors in latent heat flux anomalies during the onset and peak phases.
Stations-oriented indoor localization (SOIL): A BIM-Based occupancy schedule modeling system

Abstract This research presents a new occupancy schedule modeling system in a building information modeling (BIM) environment called stations-oriented indoor localization (SOIL). Occupant monitoring, data collection, and analysis are the main challenges when estimating occupancy patterns, especially in large-scale buildings. SOIL utilizes existing network infrastructure (Wi-Fi) and a clustering method to collect and sort occupancy data. These clusters are then mapped onto a BIM model to generate room-level occupancy schedules. In this research, the SOIL system was tested for 10 weekdays on 26 subjects and two operation scenarios in an educational building that included three office spaces and one open studio space. The results show that the SOIL system was able to detect indoor occupants' room-level locations with a 93% level of accuracy, and efficiently generate occupancy schedules in a BIM environment. The main contribution of this SOIL system is the development of a BIM-integrated occupant localization system using existing network infrastructure, a process that has great potential to save energy and assist in the efficient management of a building's renovation, construction, and operation.
Comparative 12-Month Outcomes of Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Non-Drug-Coated Balloon Revascularization Strategy in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: Results From the XLPAD Registry

Abstract Background Endovascular therapy is often the preferred first treatment option for chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients. Drug coated balloons (DCB) reduce restenosis rates compared to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), however DCB use has not been studied systematically in patients with CLTI. Thus, the optimal treatment option for these complex lesions remains controversial. Methods We report on 327 patients with CLTI treated either with DCB (n = 105) or non-DCB (n = 222) for femoropopliteal disease. Data were retrieved from the Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease (XLPAD) registry ( NCT01904851 ). Two DCB types were used at the discretion of the operator: Lutonix® (BARD Peripheral Vascular, Inc., Tempe, AZ, USA) and IN.PACT AdmiralTM (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA, USA). Odds ratios and the respective 95% confidence interval were synthesized to examine the association between the two groups in terms of all-cause mortality, target limb repeat endovascular or surgical revascularization, target vessel revascularization (TVR), major and minor amputation at 12 months of follow up. Results The mean lesion length was 150.0 mm (SD:123.2) and 151.2 mm (SD:108.3) for the DCB and non-DCB group respectively. No difference between the two groups was detected in terms of all-cause mortality (2.86%vs2.7%,p = .94), target limb repeat endovascular or surgical revascularization (16.19%vs12.61%,p = .25), TVR (16.19%vs.11.71%,p = .26) or minor amputation (15.24%vs10.81%,p = .25) at 12 months of follow up. Although a higher incidence of 12 months major amputation was observed in the DCB group (11%vs.4%,p = .01), after adjusting for several risk factors the odds of major amputation were not statistically different between the DCB and non-DCB groups (OR:1.54;95%CI:0.53–4.51;p = .43). Conclusions Both DCB and non-DCB strategies are effective modalities for revascularization of patients with CLTI. No differences were identified between the DCB and non-DCB group in terms of late outcomes during 12 months of follow up.
The Effect of Bacterial R. liguminosarum and Fungal T. harzinum Inoculation and Organic Manure on Root Nodes, Growth, and Yield of Mung Bean, Vigna radiate

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the bacterial inoculum R. liguminosarum, T. harzinum, levels of organic fertilizer (0, 5, and 10) t ha−1, and their overlap the root nodes (number of root nodes and weight of root nodes) and the growth and yield of a local variety of mung bean ( Dry weight of root mass, leaf chlorophyll content and grain yield). A field experiment was conducted in the fall season of 2020 in one of the fields of Al-Diwaniyah Governorate / Al-Daghara county. The experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R. C. B. D) with three replications. The results of the statistical analysis of the least significant difference (L. S. D.) present that the overlapping treatment (bacterial inoculum, fungal inoculum, and five t ha−1 organic fertilizer) resulted in the highest means: number of root nodes, root nodule weight, dry weight of root total, chlorophyll content in leaves and grain yield, (72.33) Knots.plants−1, (463) gm Plants−1, (1, 547) gm Plants−1, (59.14) SPAD, and (3, 531) t ha−1, respectively, by comparison with comparison treatment.
Triangular Snowflakes: Growing Structures with Three-fold Symmetry using a Hexagonal Ice Crystal Lattice

Snow crystals growing from water vapor occasionally exhibit morphologies with three-fold (trigonal) symmetry, even though the ice crystal lattice has a molecular structure with six-fold symmetry. In extreme cases, thin platelike snow crystals can grow into faceted forms that resemble simple equilateral triangles. Although far less common than hexagonal forms, trigonal snow crystals have long been observed both in nature and in laboratory studies, and their origin has been an enduring scientific puzzle. In this paper I describe how platelike trigonal structures can be grown on the ends of slender ice needles in air with high reliability at -14 C. I further suggest a physical model that describes how such structures can self-assemble and develop, facilitated by an edge-sharpening instability that turns on at a specific combination of temperature and water-vapor supersaturation. The results generally support a comprehensive model of structure-dependent attachment kinetics in ice growth that has been found to explain many of the overarching behaviors seen in the Nakaya diagram of snow crystal morphologies.
Vitamin D and the Intestinal Membrane Calcium-Binding Protein

The importance of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis is well recognized, but the molecular basis of its action remains to be characterized. In this chapter we describe the identification, biochemical purification, and preliminary quantification in various tissues of a membrane- bound Ca2 +-binding protein which is dependent on vitamin D. Inasmuch as the protein was identified initially in membranes of small intestinal mucosal homogenates, we named it IMCAL, an acronym for intestinal membrane calcium-binding protein [11]. The results to be described, however, indicate that the protein is more widely distributed in the body tissues and it is also appropriate to consider IMCAL an acronym for integral membrane calcium- binding protein. Perspectives on the possible role of this protein in Ca2+ transport and homeostasis derive from a body of information concerning the mechanism of Ca2+ absorption across the small intestinal enterocyte.
Smallpox Vaccination: a Review of Adverse Events for Contemporary Health Care Providers

This chapter deals with the smallpox vaccine, its benefits, its risks, and the current state of its use. To ensure the future availability of appropriate amounts of smallpox vaccine, the U.S. government has funded the manufacture of tissue culture vaccine; the most likely candidate is an Acambis/Baxter Laboratories’ product, grown in Vero monkey kidney cell culture. It is critical to emphasize that the vast majority of vaccinees (nearly all) undergo vaccination without serious complications. The potential vulnerabilities to adverse events after smallpox vaccination are described. It is known that in the era when smallpox vaccination was routine, many patients with hypogammaglobulinemia but with intact T-cell function underwent smallpox vaccination without incidents, presumably because their T-cell immunity was sufficient to contain the virus and to rid the body of infected skin cells, preventing further spread to other areas of the body. It also known that a few individuals with progressive vaccinia virus infection had a lack of T-cell function but intact antibody capacity to various degrees. These individuals had lesser degrees of progression, often without viremic spread. Due to our lack of knowledge of the degree of susceptibility, if any, of individuals with non-T-cell immunodeficiencies, the recommendation has evolved to exclude such individuals from elective smallpox vaccination. The minimal reactions are split into noninfectious consequences of smallpox vaccination and infectious complications.
The Americans with Disabilities Act: A Model for Title VII Enforcement

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 19642 forbids sex discrimination in employment and condemns the practices of the past that were facially neutral, yet disparate in their effects upon women workers. The denial of family leave arguably impacts women workers more heavily than men, and thereby is open to Title VII attack, provided we temper the broad deference typically bestowed upon business discretion. The author argues that a balanced approach is needed to reconcile both business' and workers' particular needs. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides such balance on a grand scale. The ADA requires employers to take reasonable affirmative steps to accommodate the impairments of workers with disabilities - the largest minority in America. If valuing each human person requires business to take some account of the ways workers with disabilities live their lives, then fairness and the indispensable human family demand a like concern for the family lives that all workers live.
Supernova and cosmic rays

The Supernova (SN) is one of the most important and most complex phenomena in astrophysics. Detailed observations of SN require advanced techniques of astronomy and high energy astrophysics, but the theoretical explanation of SN involves virtually every branch of physics. Supernovae, however, offer more than a challenging physics problem because SN are involved in the origin of most of the heavy elements, are the birthplaces of neutron stars, pulsars and probably black holes, control the structure of the interstellar medium, may be responsible for the birth of new stars (and possibly our own solar system), and, of greatest concern in this paper, are involved either directly or indirectly in the origin of the galactic cosmic rays.
DNA‐Dependent DNA Polymerases

This unit presents characteristics and reaction conditions of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, including E. coli DNA polymerase I and its Klenow fragment, T4 DNA polymerase, native and modified T7 DNA polymerase, phi29 DNA polymerase, Bst DNA polymerase, and Taq DNA polymerase. The unit also provides overviews of other classes of thermophilic DNA polymerases used in PCR applications (described fully in UNIT 15.1), and the rapidly expanding class of lesion-bypass DNA polymerases that play a role in DNA damage repair.
Quantitation of coronary arterial narrowing at necropsy in sudden coronary death: Analysis of 31 patients and comparison with 25 control subjects

Abstract A quantitative analysis of the degree and extent of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques in the entire lengths of each of the four major coronary arteries in a group of patients dying suddenly from coronary heart disease (“sudden coronary death”) is described at necropsy. Cross sections were examined histologically in a total of 1,564 five mm long segments of the left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries in 31 patients with sudden coronary death, and the observations were compared with those from examination of 1,100 five mm segments of the major epicardial coronary arteries in 25 control subjects. An average of 25 cm (50 five mm segments) of coronary artery were examined from each patient and an average of 22 cm (44 five mm segments) from each control subject. Of the 1,564 five mm segments examined in the 31 study patients, 557 (36 percent) were 76 to 100 percent narrowed in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques (control subjects 3 percent), 536 (34 percent) were 51 to 75 percent narrowed (control subjects 22 percent), 360 (23 percent) were 26 to 50 percent narrowed (control subjects 42 percent) and only 111 segments (7 percent) had 25 percent or less narrowing (control subjects 33 percent). The amount of severe (greater than 75 percent) narrowing of the right, left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries was similar. Additionally, the amount of severe (greater than 75 percent) narrowing in the distal one half of the right, left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries was similar to that in the proximal halves of these three arteries. The number of 5 mm coronary arterial segments narrowed 76 to 100 percent in cross-sectional area in the 31 study patients was not affected by the patient's age at death, sex, presence or absence of previous angina pectoris or myocardial infarction or the weight of the heart.
Pole-like object detection and classification from urban point clouds

This paper focuses on detecting and classifying pole-like objects from point clouds obtained in urban areas. To achieve our goal, we propose a system consisting of three stages: localization, segmentation and classification. The localization algorithm based on slicing, clustering, pole seed generation and bucket augmentation takes advantage of the unique characteristics of pole-like objects and avoids heavy computation on the feature of every point in traditional methods. Then, the bucket-shaped neighborhood of the segments is integrated and trimmed with region growing algorithms, reducing the noises within candidate's neighborhood. Finally, we introduce a representation of six attributes based on the height and five point classes closely related to the pole categories and apply SVM to classify the candidate objects into 4 categories, including 3 pole categories light, utility pole and sign, and the non-pole category. The performance of our method is demonstrated through comparison with previous works on a large-scale urban dataset.
Motherhoods: Feminist Solidarity and Fear Rhetoric

As we work to understand and achieve feminist solidarity, we must explore the complex and political experience of motherhood. The language of popular media narrowly defines the experience of motherhood as one that is rooted in fear, perfectionism, and helplessness. This limiting and narrow rhetoric undermines feminist solidarity, pushing the diverse experiences of mothers outside of its scope. As feminists, we must celebrate multiple approaches to motherhood(s) that reject limited ideas about the roles and experiences of women-as-mothers.
A high performance barrier synchronizer and its novel applications in highly parallel systems

Conventional approaches for implementing barrier synchronization in large scale systems result in long synchronization times due to memory and network contention. The authors present some applications of a very simple barrier hardware that allows barrier synchronizations to be performed within a few processor cycles. The low latency of this barrier synchronizer and its ability to allow dynamic participation permits several rather unconventional applications like low-latency software combining, scans and determination of extremum values in constant time. This paper presents these applications. >
Investigating the Role of Child Sexual Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration in Young Adulthood From a Propensity Score Matching Approach

The link between child sexual abuse and adult intimate partner violence surfaces throughout prior research. Nonetheless, methodologies investigating this cycle of violence predominantly involve descriptive, correlational, or traditional regression-based analyses that preclude more definitive statements about the empirical relationship between child sexual abuse and adult partner violence. In recognition of these limitations, the current study presents a quasi-experimental investigation into the relationship between sexual abuse in childhood and physical partner violence victimization and/or perpetration in young adulthood. Propensity score matching analysis of a national data set sampling over 4,000 young adults suggests that experiencing child sexual abuse influences adult intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration. Study implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Case 4: Sometimes a Good Question Evolves from a Bad One

Case 2 told you about a “bad” question and what happened. Should this happen to you, then always reflect on the bad outcome.
Snow crashing the diamond age: mobile devices meet sensor networks

Personal mobile computing devices share many of the same properties of nodes in a sensor network. They are both sensor-rich, power-limited, and wirelessly connected. Indeed, a number of researchers have described sensor networks composed of collections of mobile devices. Sensor networks may be naively characterized as instrumentation of a fixed space or structure. Mobile devices are appliances in the service of an individual. Imagining the potential of these technologies in combination is a matter of proposing applications. However, combined applications must abide by the tight energy and bandwidth constraints imposed on sensor networks. A conventional mobile device risks becoming the bull in a china shop if it requires service from surrounding sensor networks. This talk examines both the potential and limitations of combined applications.
Use of preoperative autologous blood donation in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Objectives. To evaluate the appropriateness of autologous blood (AB) transfusion during radical retropubic prostatectomy in relation to the cardiopulmonary risk of the patient. Methods. We reviewed the medical records of 100 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status I, II, or III who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy under general or combined general and epidural anesthesia. All patients had donated 2 units (U) of autologous blood, received 0, 1, or 2 U of autologous blood perioperatively, and received no allogeneic blood. Patients were placed in three cardiopulmonary risk groups on the basis of risk factors or documented cardiopulmonary disease. The low-risk group was assigned a target discharge hematocrit of 24% or less; moderate-risk, 25% to 28%; and high-risk, 29% or greater. The appropriateness of transfusion was determined by whether patients’ hematocrit was in their group’s preassigned range at discharge. Results. On the basis of discharge hematocrit, significantly more low-risk patients underwent inappropriate transfusion than moderate-risk (64% versus 26%, P = 0.006) or high-risk (64% versus 13%, P = 0.001) patients. Seventy-five AB units were discarded and at least 53 U were inappropriately transfused. We found an increase in the number of units of autologous blood transfused when a larger estimated blood loss was reported (P < 0.001). The estimated charge for the units discarded and inappropriately transfused exceeded $12,000. Conclusions. Sixty-four percent of autologous blood units were discarded or inappropriately transfused during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Transfusion of autologous blood was not governed by cardiopulmonary risk stratification. If the decision to transfuse had been based on cardiopulmonary risk factors instead of estimated blood loss, fewer patients would have received autologous blood.
Corrosion behavior of magnetron sputtered α-Ta coatings on smooth and rough steel substrates

α-Ta coatings on smooth and rough steel substrates (AISI 4340) were studied in an effort to assess the resulting porosity and corrosion behavior. While the long-range crystallographic orientation of the coatings was found to be affected by the surface roughness, the short-range structure was invariant. Peak broadening in X-ray diffraction patterns attributed to microstrain and particle size was observed for coatings on both types of substrates as compared to Ta powder. Although the roughness was two orders of magnitude greater for the coatings deposited on the rough substrates than the smooth ones, the porosity was not significantly different. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance behavior over long exposure times of coatings deposited on smooth and rough steel substrates was similar to that of Ta foil. These results demonstrate that substrate roughness appears to have little to no effect on the coating quality with respect to corrosion performance for 50 μm coatings.
A direct coupled low noise preamplifier for cryogenically cooled photoconductive i.r. detectors

Abstract The trans-impedance preamplifier (TIA) is a direct-coupled negative feedback operational scheme that has been successfully applied to ultra-high impedance cryogenically-cooled photoconductive detectors. All time constants associated with this circuit are reduced by the open-loop gain of the preamplifier. Such an amplifier with a transfer impedance resistor of 9 × 1010Ω yields a frequency response that is flat (i.e. uniform) to 700 Hz. This is a factor of 3800-times the uncompensated detector-preamplifier response of 0.184 Hz. The TIA amplifier has significant advantages over the more commonly used circuits. These result from the virtual ground which provides improved linearity since the detector bias voltage is maintained constant, reduced microphonic sensitivity and reduced cross-talk in multiple element detector arrays since the preamplifier input impedance and input signal voltage are both reduced by the open loop gain of the preamplifier. The preamplifier noise in the TIA scheme degrades the detector detectivity in the same way as for other equalization schemes and must therefore be minimized. Relations are developed that yield thermal noise and preamplifier noise limitations for the TIA preamplifier. This preamplifier design was successfully used in an LWIR spectrometer which was launched on a Black Brant VC rocket at Poker Flat, Alaska, on March 22, 1973. The spectrometer obtained auroral emission spectra from 6.72 to 23.2 μm over an altitude range of 45–185 km. Dominant features at 9.6 and 15 μm were attributed to ozone and carbon dioxide.