cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL POTENTIAL FLOW AROUND A SHIP HULL

The method of singularities is applied for the solution of three-dimensi onal potential flow around arbitrarily shaped bodies. The three-dimensional bodies are represented by systems of singular functions with singularities placed inside the body. An optimization procedure was applied to determine the optimal locations of the singular functions. A rigorous treatment of the problem is presented to establish the validity of the mathematical formulation and the optimization procedure. The method developed here can be applied for analyzing flow around obstacles for which the singularities at the boundaries could not be treated efficiently using presently used techniques. Presented are computational considerations and numerical results showing the velocity distribution around a regularly shaped obstacle and for the bow of an icebreaker. URING recent years there have been various applica- tions of numerical methods for solution of potential flow problems around arbitrarily shaped bodies.l'5 Many of these methods have been essentially based on Prager's concept6 of representing the surface of a three-dimensional body in a flow by a surface distribution of vorticity. Such a vorticity field is approximated at a series of discrete points on the body. Hess and Smith 1»2 have demonstrated the applicability of surface distributions of singularities to the calculation of potential flows around ship hulls and aircraft fuselage-wing com- binations. This method has produced interesting numerical results. The procedure given here was developed during an in- vestigation of potential flow around an icebreaker ship. A considerable portion of the resistance encountered by a moving ice-breaker is due to motion of the broken ice pieces depending on the flow characteristics in the bow region. The influence of the geometric configuration of the bow is com- plex, and produces several near singularities in the flow. In addition to the consideration of the bow shape, nowadays it is desirable to include the effects of pitching motion of the ship, and sometimes to include even the effect of a bubbler system on the flow patterns. Inclusion of such features in an analysis requires an elaborate and accurate discretized representation of the hull geometry. Difficulties of such a nature can hinder the application of previously developed methods, particularly from the standpoint of computational efficiency. In the following, details of the mathematical analysis of the potential flow are discussed. Following the method of von Karman,7 the three-dimensional body is represented by a system of singular functions with singularities placed inside the body. However, compared to previous analyses, an op- timum configuration of such functions was sought with the intent to increase the efficiency of the method. The presen- tation of the mathematical derivation of the analysis is essen- tial for understanding both the method and its advantages. Numerical results were obtained which show the velocity distributions for a regularly shaped obstacle, a sphere, and for an irregularly shaped body, the bow of the USSC Mackinaw,
Hydrogen and sulfur from hydrogen sulfide—II. Ambient temperature electrolysis using oxidation of hydrogen sulfide by air as the prime energy source

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide recovered from the sweetening of fossil fuels or sought as a mineral for its intrinsic value might be converted, in an electrolytic process which uses atmospheric oxygen, into pipeline pressure hydrogen and sulfur. Such a process may be an alternative to the Claus Process, which recovers only sulfur and uses the hydrogen wastefully. It is also suggested that electrolysis provides a mechanism by which other gaseous products, as well as hydrogen, may be brought to pipeline pressures easily.
Infinite dimensional analytic systems

Two function space realizations of a nonlinear system evolving analytically in a Banach space are given, as linear distributed systems evolving in spaces of analytic functions defined on the Banach space and on its dual. Integral formulas and consequent estimates for the nonlinear states and outputs are thereby obtained, as well as a Volterra series expansion of the input-output map when the system is linearly controlled.
Coerced Cache Eviction and discreet mode journaling: Dealing with misbehaving disks

We present Coerced Cache Eviction (CCE), a new method to force writes to disk in the presence of a disk cache that does not properly obey write-cache configuration or flush requests. We demonstrate the utility of CCE by building a new journaling mode within the Linux ext3 file system. When mounted in this discreet mode, ext3 uses CCEs to ensure that writes are properly ordered and thus maintains file system integrity despite the presence of an improperly behaving disk. We show that discreet mode journaling operates with acceptable overheads for most workloads.
The Virtuous Patient

In Solzhenitsyn’s powerful novel Cancer Ward, we first meet Ludmila Dontsova in her role as doctor ([25], p. 1). For thirty years, she has developed medical theory and gathered empirical evidence about cancer. Later, her body racked with unmistakable signs of disease, she must make the difficult transition from physician to patient:
‘Don't try this at home’: health policy lessons for the NHS from the United States

The US healthcare system is fragmented, chaotic and wasteful, and prevailing American social values and attitudes to health and healthcare are profoundly different from those found in the United Kingdom. Even so, there are many useful ideas and important lessons to be drawn from the US experience. The transfer of policy ideas and innovations needs, however, to take account of the differences in culture and context.
Magnetization reversal behavior in an amorphous alloy

Metglas amorphous Fe-Ni base alloy ribbons supplied by Allied Chemical Co., Morristown, N.J., while mechanically strong, are magnetically very soft, with H c around 20-100 mOe. About 20 Oe H is necessary to saturate the material in strip form. The remanence is on the order of 1/3 the saturation. Elastic tensile stress of a few N/mm2greatly increases the magnetization in low fields. The stress resulting from winding the ribbon into a toroidal sample changes its behavior, giving a much slower approach to saturation and an increase in H c . Thus properties achieved in a strip cannot be maintained on simply winding it into a toroid. Reversal takes place in a series of discontinuous jumps, at fields depending on the previous magnetizing field, just as in cobalt-rare-earth particles. Elastic torsion greatly increases H c and produces a perfectly rectangular loop, again characteristic of nucleation-dominated reversal.
Digital controller design for the pitch axis of the F-14 using an H/sup infinity / method

An H/sup infinity /-based control system design procedure is developed to produce a controller in which the closed-loop system is designed, using H/sup infinity / controller in which the closed-loop system is designed, using H/sup infinity / methods similar to those of H. Kwakernaak (1986), to be robust with respect to both disturbance rejection and insensitivity to parameter variations. The H/sup infinity / design approach is coupled with multicriterion optimization to design a pitch-axis controller for the F-14 aircraft, (a version of a benchmark problem). The authors design a discrete-time controller even though the benchmark is in continuous time. The benchmark, while specifying gain and phase margins, does not specify the expected ranges for the parameters of the plant. Estimates have been obtained of the reasonable ranges of parameter variations, which are checked against the design. The precompensator is used to shape the output response so as to cause the entire system to achieve the desired performance. The robustness of the angle-of-attack response under large parameter variations is examined. A satisfactory design has not yet been obtained. However, these intermediate results are thought to be of value in demonstrating the difficulty of the problem and the thought processes involved in trying to use H/sup infinity / methods to solve a realistic design problem. >
Errors of inference in structural equation modeling

Although structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of the most comprehensive and flexible approaches to data analysis currently available, it is nonetheless prone to researcher misuse and misconceptions. This article offers a brief overview of the unique capabilities of SEM and discusses common sources of user error in drawing conclusions from these analyses. We make recommendations to guide proper analytical practices and appropriate inferences and provide references for more advanced study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 461–470, 2007.
Economic design of an attributes control system for a multistage serial production process

A model for the economic design of an np-control system integrated within a multiple stage serial production process is presented. The total expected quality control cost includes the costs of sampling, the costs of investigating an out-of-control alarm and possibly correcting an assignable cause(s), and the costs associated with the production of non-conforming items. The model is represented as a directed network with decision variables of sample size, rejection number and frequency of sampling occurring at each stage of the process. A combination of dynamic programming and direct search techniques is applied to determine the set of sampling policies which yield minimum total expected cost. Numerical examples and results of a sensitivity analysis are reported.
Learning From Literacy Successes in High‐Achieving Urban Schools

Urban schools represent educational challenges for teachers, but they can also provide models for effective instruction for linguistically, culturally, and racially diverse students. In this Reading Research Into the Classroom column, the authors examine the research on high-achieving urban schools and make appropriate instructional recommendations in order for other schools to find the same success.
Liquid-core waveguide based optofluidics

Recent progress in liquid-core waveguide based optofluidic devices for sensing applications will be reviewed.
A Decomposition Approach for the Inventory-Routing Problem

In this paper, we present a solution approach for the inventory-routing problem. The inventory-routing problem is a variation of the vehicle-routing problem that arises in situations where a vendor has the ability to make decisions about the timing and sizing of deliveries, as well as the routing, with the restriction that customers are not allowed to run out of product. We develop a two-phase approach based on decomposing the set of decisions: A delivery schedule is created first, followed by the construction of a set of delivery routes. The first phase utilizes integer programming, whereas the second phase employs routing and scheduling heuristics. Our focus is on creating a solution methodology appropriate for large-scale real-life instances. Computational experiments demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach are presented.
Commentary: Childhood Abuse: New Insights into its Association with Posttraumatic Stress, Suicidal Ideation, and Aggression

The publication of the Battered Child Syndrome (Kempe, Silverman, Steele, Droegemueller, & Silver, 1962) opened our eyes to the large number of abused children. With this awareness came the dawning realization that exposure to early adversity is a major risk factor for psychopathology and poor health. The most sobering statistics arise from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Based on retrospective reports from 17,337 adult HMO members they concluded that exposure to early abuse and adversity accounted for 50–78% of the population attributable risk for drug abuse, depression, alcoholism, and suicide attempts [see (Anda et al., 2006) for a review]. Further, early adversity leads to the adoption of unhealthy habits (e.g., smoking, risky sex) associated with premature death. To paraphrase Fellitti, ‘‘what we recognize as common disorders in adult medicine and psychiatry are likely the result of what we fail to recognize or address in childhood (Felitti, 2002).’’ Developmental traumatology is still in its infancy. We do not understand why exposure to abuse appears to profoundly affect some individuals but not others, or why it may be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in some; depression, substance abuse, or antisocial behaviors in others still. The articles in this issue bring new findings to bear on these questions.
Gamma Interferon-Induced Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii in Astrocytes Is Mediated by IGTP

Toxoplasma gondii is an important pathogen in the central nervous system, causing a severe and often fatal encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) is the main cytokine preventing reactivation of Toxoplasma encephalitis in the brain. Microglia are important IFN-γ-activated effector cells controlling the growth of T. gondii in the brain via a nitric oxide (NO)-mediated mechanism. IFN-γ can also activate astrocytes to inhibit the growth of T. gondii. Previous studies found that the mechanism in murine astrocytes is independent of NO and all other known anti-Toxoplasma mechanisms. In this study we investigated the role of IGTP, a recently identified IFN-γ-regulated gene, in IFN-γ inhibition of T. gondii in murine astrocytes. Primary astrocytes were cultivated from IGTP-deficient mice, treated with IFN-γ, and then tested for anti-Toxoplasma activity. In wild-type astrocytes T. gondii growth was significantly inhibited by IFN-γ, whereas in astrocytes from IGTP-deficient mice IFN-γ did not cause a significant inhibition of growth. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that IFN-γ induced significant levels of IGTP in wild-type murine astrocytes within 24 h. These results indicate that IGTP plays a central role in the IFN-γ-induced inhibition of T. gondii in murine astrocytes.
A Multilevel Analysis of Stigma and Health: Implications for Research and Policy

This article reviews research on stigma and discrimination—at both the interpersonal and societal levels—faced by disadvantaged groups. Research on interpersonal discrimination primarily concerns d...
Wildlife as Biosamplers: Contaminants in Hair of Elk Harvested Near the Anaconda Smelter Site

The purpose of this research was to test a new way of investigating biological uptake of smelting-related contaminants with a focus on harvested wildlife. Specific objectives were 1) to collect hair samples from elk (Cervus elaphus) harvested in the vicinity of the Anaconda Smelter National Priority List Site in Montana, 2) to analyze the samples using inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and 3) to identify potential elements of concern from the data. Hair samples were collected from 56 elk, and concentration data were processed using a hazard quotient/index approach based on concepts commonly used in fields of ecological and human health risk analyses. Arsenic concentrations in the hair decreased as a function of increasing distance from the Anaconda smelter stack, and 57 % of the elk sampled were identified as animals of concern. For elk harvested within 25 km of the stack, elements of concern were aluminum, arsenic, barium, boron, lithium, manganese, molybdenum, strontium, and vanadium. For elk harvested within 76-101.5 km of the stack, elements of concern were aluminum, barium, boron, lithium, and manganese. Hazard indices for uranium, arsenic, cadmium, and lithium were larger by factors of ~17, 9, 7, and 6, respectively, for elk harvested within 25 km of the stack compared to hazard indices for elk harvested within 76-101.5 km.
On the modeling and control of power systems

An overview of existing power system modeling and control techniques is reported and their limitations are discussed. Also, a comprehensive model for a single-machine infinite-bus system, suitable for stability analysis and control, is derived using integral manifold theory. This model accounts for the unmodeled dynamics, system parameter variations, and unexpected disturbances acting on the system. It is shown that a realistic system modeling is via a nonlinear stochastic differential equation. >
The GABAA receptor family in the mammalian brain.

The GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor protein from bovine brain was purified by affinity chromatography and the subunit composition examined by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein staining revealed a doublet at 51–53 kDa, a band at 55 kDa, and a broad band at 57–59 kDa. The 51 and 53 kDa bands co-migrated with the α1 and α2 gene products identified by Western blotting with subtype-specific antibodies. These two bands were also photoaffinity labeled by [3H]flunitrazepam, as was a breakdown product at 44 kDa. Partial sequencing of proteolytic fragments of these polypeptides yielded sequences found in all α clones, and identified the benzodiazepine binding site within residues 8–297 and probably between 106–297 of α1; the 44 kDa and 31 kDa bands yielded fragments containing α3 sequence. The native α3 polypeptide was identified with subtype-specific antibody at 57 kDa overlapping with the two major bands photolabeled with [3H]muscimol at 55 and 58 kDa. Antisera to a β-selective peptide recognized four bands at 60, 58, 57 and 55 kDa. Thus, one can identify 6–8 distinct polypeptides with the possibility of another 4–6 in purified GABAA receptor proteins, depending on brain region, consistent with the family of gene products suggested by molecular cloning.
Architectural synthesis of timed asynchronous systems

Describes a new method for the architectural synthesis of timed asynchronous systems. Due to the variable delays associated with asynchronous resources, implicit schedules are created by the addition of supplementary constraints between resources. Since the number of schedules grows exponentially with respect to the size of the given data flow graph, pruning techniques are introduced which dramatically improve the run-time without significantly affecting the quality of the results. Using a combination of data and resource constraints, as well as an analysis of bounded delay information, our method determines the minimum number of resources and registers needed to implement a given schedule. Results are demonstrated using some high-level synthesis benchmark circuits and an industrial example.
Arytenoid adduction in vocal fold paralysis

Medialization laryngoplasty with Silastic (MLS) has become the mainstay of treatment for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. However, a significant number of these patients undergoing MLS fail to achieve near normal voice quality, because of the fact that medialization alone often fails to adduct the arytenoid. Without adduction of the arytenoid, the vocal fold fails to achieve the physiologic phonating position. In this subset of patients, the addition of arytenoid adduction to MLS results in a significantly stronger voice and less vocal fatigue. This discussion based on over 125 patients undergoing arytenoid adduction (AA), emphasizes the surgical technique of performing AA in conjunction with MLS.
Theory of microstructure evolution in heterogeneous materials

This paper summarizes the main ingredients of a general theory for a quantitative description of dynamical processes in heterogeneous materials under stresses, thermal cycling, or current. The theory is derived analytically from the atomic scale using the principles of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, without any empirical postulates. The equations describe the cross-coupled phenomena of stress-induced diffusion, diffusion-induced stress, electromigration, void growth, dislocation climb, and slip. The laws of continuum mechanics are recovered as a subset of the general equations. All constitutive relations can be constructed by a general and systematic procedure.
Automated analysis of evolving interfaces during in situ electron microscopy

In situ electron microscopy allows one to monitor dynamical processes at high spatial and temporal resolution. This produces large quantities of data, and hence automated image processing algorithms are needed to extract useful quantitative measures of the observed phenomena. In this work, we outline an image processing workflow for the analysis of evolving interfaces imaged during liquid cell electron microscopy. As examples, we show metal electrodeposition at electrode surfaces; beam-induced nanocrystal formation and dissolution; and beam-induced bubble nucleation, growth, and migration. These experiments are used to demonstrate a fully automated workflow for the extraction of, among other things, interface position, roughness, lateral wavelength, local normal velocity, and the projected area of the evolving phase as functions of time. The relevant algorithms have been implemented in Mathematica and are available online.
The effects of eggshell temperature fluctuations during incubation on welfare status and gait score of broilers

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of different eggshell temperatures (EST); low (33.3 to 36.7°C), control (37.8 to 38.2°C), and high (38.9 to 40.0°C) during 10 to 18 days of incubation on welfare status including foot pad dermatitis (FPD), hock dermatitis (HD) and feathering status, and gait score in broilers. Score 2, 4, and 5 of FPD were found to be similar among the treatment groups, whereas a score of 3 was found to be higher in the control and high EST groups (27.7% and 29.2%) compred to the low EST group (16.9%). The eggshell temperature fluctuations were significantly affected the incidence of HD, whereas broiler sex did not. All of the broilers in the high EST group had HD with various scores, while a percentage of 21.1% and 6.9% of broilers had the score 1 of HD in the low and control EST groups, respectively. Feathering status showed a difference between body parts including wing, neck, back, and vent and also a general mean score of broilers from low EST treatment had the highest score for feathering. A higher incidence of gait score was observed in broilers from the control EST treatment than low and high EST groups. This can be attributed to a higher live weight of broilers from the control EST group. On the other hand, the incidence of a gait score of 3 and 4 was found for broilers from control and high EST treatment groups. Male and female broilers from the high EST group had the higher gait score. In conclusion, gait score and welfare status of broilers were affected by fluctuations in EST between 10 and 18 days of incubation.
Combination chemotherapy of punta toro virus infections in mice using ribavirin and 7 thia 8 oxoguanosine

Ribavirin was combined with the immunoenhancing agent 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine (TOGuo) to treat lethal experimental Punta Toro virus infections in mice. Lethal hepatic disease caused by the Adames str...
On the Structure of Commercial Network in Hangzhou's Cultural and Creative Food Court

Cultural and creative food court is a new model for meeting the requirement of leisure cultural consumption and urban renovation of historic district,and has become the convergence model between tourism and cultural creation in Hangzhou. The study on the structure of commercial network format promotes better development,construction and operation of the court,and optimizes the layout and plays the role of structural adjustment. From the four areas of hardware facilities,commercial networks format structure,catering industry structure and consumer group,this paper analyzes the characteristics in Hangzhou's cultural and creative food court,and proposes relevant optimization suggestions.
A Clinicopathologic Study of Vulva Cancer

Objective : To evaluate the survival rate and other significant clinicopathologic characteristics of the vulvar carcinoma. Methods : The study included 37 patients diagnosed with vulvar carcinoma and admitted in Kangnam St Mary's Hospital from January 1990 to July 2004. We reviewed the patient's average age, disease stage, histopathology, therapeutic approach including the type of surgery and its response, disease free survival rate, and 5-year survival rate. The changing patterns in the trend for inguinal lymph node dissection and postoperative reconstruction were analyzed. Results : The average age of vulvar carcinoma patients was 57.2 years and the histological type of squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (n=28, 75.7%). In the patient distribution according to stages, stage II included 17 patients (45.9%) and surgical treatment was performed on most of patients. Total 33 patients received the surgery and inguinal lymph node dissection was performed on 28 cases among them. The classical method of en-bloc butterfly incision was the choice of surgery before the year of 2000. However, from the year of 2000 three-separate incision was the preferred method. Postoperative reconstruction was performed on 16 patients (48.5%). The reconstruction rate was 37.5% (1990-1999) and 58.8% (2000-2004). We observed that the disease free survival rate was 73.0% and 5-year survival rate was 92.8%. The cancer recurrence rate was 18.9% (n=7) and the average period for discovery of recurrence was 34 months. Conclusions : Considering high survival rate and low recurrence rate as observed in this study, we conclude that vulvar carcinoma has relatively good prognosis. We observed that as years passed, postoperative reconstruction and three-separate incision methods for inguinal lymph node dissection instead of en-bloc butterfly incision were performed in effort perhaps to reduce postoperative complications and improve the patient's life quality after the surgery.
Enhanced production of nitric oxide by bone marrow cells and increased sensitivity to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage CSF after benzene treatment of mice

Nitric oxide is a short-lived reactive mediator that inhibits bone marrow (BM) cell proliferation induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The present studies show that nitric oxide also inhibits macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced growth of mouse BM cells, an effect that was dependent on the presence of an inflammatory mediator and blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA). Treatment of mice with the hematotoxicant benzene (800 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, two times per day, for 2 days) resulted in a significant increase in nitric oxide production by BM cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma alone or in combination with M-CSF or GM-CSF. Cells from benzene-treated mice also displayed increased sensitivity to the growth-promoting effects of M-CSF and GM-CSF. These results suggest that benzene treatment of mice primes BM cells to inducers of nitric oxide. Northern blot analysis showed that this was, at least in part, caused by increased expression of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Surprisingly, treatment of mice with L-NMA was found to cause a depression in BM cell proliferation and to potentiate benzene-induced decreases in BM cellularity and increases in nitric oxide production. L-NMA administration also augmented nitric oxide production by BM cells. These data indicate that L-NMA is hematotoxic and suggest that it may have actions distinct from inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in the BM.
Combining Graphics and Algebraic Sensitivity Analysis

The impact of quantitative policy analysis often suffers from the fact that policy makers are not as mathematically inclined as policy analysts. Analysts have been limited in “speaking truth to power”, because of the algebraic foundations upon which their work is often based (Banks and Rossini, 1987; Mulvey and White, 1987). The purpose of this chapter is to offer a graphic alternative to algebraic wizardry in the hopes of increasing the use of rational decision making in the public policy arena.
Organic Creativity and the Faustian Bargain: Reconciling Opposites.

The aim of this article is to provide the reader, or anyone interested in creativity, a glimpse into the findings of existing psychological and psychiatric literature on manic depression, its occurrence in creative individuals, ways in which it manifests and affects their functioning and creative output (positively and negatively), and the lessons one can draw from these individuals attempts to creatively associate and even reconcile opposite positions. The literature from educational philosophy, psychology and psychiatry is used as a lens to examine mythological, biographical and autobiographical accounts of the lives of creative individuals, particularly frames or episodes of their mind. The construct of “happiness” is deconstructed with didactical implications for education.
Timed Petri Nets Modelling of High-Throughput Screening Process for Fault Study

To perform fault studies (e.g., fault detection, diagnosis, and mitigation) via internet for a remote automation line, operation time is an important feature/symptom for human supervisors. This paper introduces the application of Timed Petri nets (TPN) to model a high-throughput screening (HTS) process, and extends the timed transition based on the dynamics of the automated process. This paper describes the design methodologies of TPN to model the dynamics of the HTS process with and without anomalies. Finally, both healthy and faulty conditions of an automated biological/chemical screening line are simulated in Matlab/Simulink to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed TPN modelling.
On the consistency strength of level by level inequivalence

We show that the theories “ZFC \(+\) There is a supercompact cardinal” and “ZFC \(+\) There is a supercompact cardinal \(+\) Level by level inequivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness holds” are equiconsistent.
Collision measurements using digital image correlation techniques

Abstract In this study, the digital image correlation (DIC) techniques have been used to analyze the motion during the collisions. The spline interpolation along with two dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) cross correlation has been used in order to increase the accuracy and decrease the computation time of the method respectively. Three different examples have been analyzed: normal impact of a metal rod with a 3D printed polymer flat, oblique impact of a tennis ball with a tennis racket, and oblique impact of a lacrosse ball with a wooden flat. A speckle pattern study has been done to find the optimum pattern for the DIC technique. For the normal impact of the rod, the velocity during the impact have been measured. The normal velocity has been found by the DIC technique. For the oblique impact of the balls, the linear and angular motion have been calculated during the impact. The velocity field on the ball surface has been measured using the DIC technique. The Hough transform method has been used in combination with the measured velocity field to find the velocity of the centroid of the balls. The angular velocity during the impact has been found using the velocity field of the surface of the ball. It has been shown that the DIC technique can be used to measure the motion of colliding objects.
In Situ Visualization of Radiation Transport Geometry

The ultimate goal for radiation transport is to perform full-core reactor modelling and simulation. Advances in computational simulation bring this goal close to reality and the newest Monte Carlo transport codes have begun to shift to using accelerators that have become a stalwart in the supercomputing and HPC space. Within the reactor modelling and simulation community, Monte Carlo transport simulations are considered the gold standard for simulation. Through the use of "combinatorial geometry" (constructive solid geomtry), complex models can be used with fewer approximation compromises while at the same time scale to run on some of the largest supercomputers in the world.Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art for "combinatorial geometry" visualization is to decompose the geometry into a mesh. This approach could require a significant amount of memory which is antithetical to in situ visualization. To address this issue, we introduce a ray caster for visualizing combinatorial geometry in radiation transport code. By only using the accelerators for the radiation transport code and leaving the CPU cores idle, there is an opportunity to conduct on node in situ visualization with the idle CPU cores, something domain experts have up to this point been unable to do. By utilizing VTK-m, the visualization can be run on the CPU as this particular application demands, but also run on any architecture that is supported by VTK-m, enabling future re-use across different platforms.
A Reinterpretation of Age Related Changes in Cognitive Structure and Functioning

ABSTRACT Chronological aging as a frame of reference for the study of developmental phenomena is widely used but not very well understood. The three dimensions of age differences, age changes, and cultural change are often confused with one another and each in turn is at times erroneously taken as an estimate of developmental change. The general developmental model defining the interrelation between these dimensions is further explicated in this chapter. Particular attention is paid to the effect of generational differences and the literature is examined for examples where differentiation of generational effects from maturational change and environmental impact may properly be attempted. At the same time, attention is given to different classes of cognitive variables (i.e., crystallized and fluid intelligence) which by virtue of their presumed environmental or biogenic mediation are helpful in understanding the relationship between generational differences and common environmental impact at specified times of measurement. Environmental impact between times of measurement is found to be of marked importance in children and in measures of fluid intelligence in adults, while generational differences appear to account for substantial portions of variance in studies of adult age changes on measures of crystallized intelligence.
Yoga as an Adjunctive Intervention to Medication-Assisted Treatment with Buprenorphine+Naloxone.

Objective: According to the CDC, 2.6 million people in the United States have an opioid use disorder and drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death. Opioids are involved in 63% of overdose deaths. It is imperative that we identify evidence based treatments to stem the tide of this epidemic. This pilot study serves to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of Yoga as an adjunctive intervention for individuals with opioid use disorder in active medication-assisted treatment (MAT). Methods: Participants (N=26) were recruited from a buprenorphine/naloxone MAT program to participate in this study. 13 participants engaged in a 12 week adjunctive yoga intervention while remaining in treatment as usual (TAU) MAT. 13 matched controls were recruited and remained in TAU MAT. Both groups were evaluated at baseline, 45 days and 90 days for changes in craving for opioids, treatment retention, relapse rates, sleep, and symptoms of anxiety and perceived stress. Results: A two-way treatment by time analysis of variance was performed using a mixed effects model. The treatment by follow-up time interaction effect was significant for perceived stress (p=0.026) indicating that the yoga intervention had a larger effect than TAU (MAT). Changes in perceived stress decreased significantly over time in both the yoga intervention group and the TAU MAT matched control group. Conclusion: This pilot study indicated strong evidence for Yoga being an effective adjunctive treatment to MAT TAU in reducing perceived stress. Further research with a larger population is needed to determine impact on other mental health symptoms and relapse and retention rates.
Death is a Biological Phenomenon

John Lizza says that to define death well, we must go beyond biological considerations. Death is the absence of life in an entity that was once alive. Biology is the study of life. Therefore, the definition of death should not involve non-biological concerns.
THE EFFECTS OF ABSORPTION ON THE MODE CONVERSION PROCESS IN ICRF

The effects of absorption on the mode conversion process are described by a wave equation which is derived from the Vlasov equation for a warm plasma with an inhomogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that energy is conserved with this equation, but absorption effects differ little from these derived from the model equation from the dispersion relation with only even order derivatives. Extensions to high order harmonics are discussed.
The Transferrin Receptor and the Release of Iron from Transferrin

In a classic report detailing the role of transferrin in providing iron to human reticulocytes, Jand1 and coworkers noted that uptake of transferrin-borne iron was saturable as the concentration of transferrin in the culture medium increased, and that uptake was essentially abolished if cells were first exposed to trypsin. 1 On the basis of these observations, the existence of a cell-surface receptor for transferrin was first postulated. Numerous attempts to solubilize, isolate and characterize the transferrin receptor inevitably followed, but at first with little concordance in reported findings. Ultimately, however, such efforts led to the recognition that the transferrin receptor was a disulfide-linked homodimer of 95,000 KDa glycosylated subunits’2-4 still capable of binding transferrin when solubilized in non-denaturing detergent. 5 Cloning of receptor then definitively established that its cDNA coded for an amino acid sequence of 760 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 84, 910. 6 The two chains comprising the intact receptor are joined by a pair of disulfide bonds within the intramembranous portion of the receptor, with anchoring to the membrane facilitated by a covalently-bound fatty acid residue. 7 Hydropathy analysis suggests that this intramembranous segment consists of 28 amino acids (residues 62 to 89 in the sequence); the remainder of the N-terminal sequence would then lie within the cytoplasm. The bulk of the C-terminal region bearing the transferrin-binding site is disposed extracellularly, accessible to the extracellular space. N- and O-linked oligosaccharides8,9 may serve to maintain the extracellular domain in free contact with the bathing fluid, and thereby poised to capture transferrin.
Lichtenberg’s Philosophy of Education

A discussion of Lichtenberg’s thoughts on education2 introduces a problem of meaning: What is philosophy? What is education? What is a philosophy of education ? 3 Lichtenberg says: “The invention of language preceded philosophy, which is what makes philosophy difficult, especially when one wishes to make philosophy intelligible to others who do not think much for themselves.” 4
Incontinence, Intermittent Self-Catheterization and the Artificial Genitourinary Sphincter

Although the artificial genitourinary sphincter is ideally suited for incontinent patients who can empty the bladder completely, we have observed 22 patients with artificial sphincters who also perform intermittent self-catheterization to augment bladder emptying. No cuff erosions have occurred to date, with 11 patients on intermittent catheterization for more than 30 months. In patients who will require intermittent self-catheterization after sphincter implantation the cuff should be placed around the bladder neck. We believe that patients with sphincteric incontinence and decreased bladder contractility resulting in excessive residual urine volume are reasonable candidates for use of the artificial sphincter with intermittent self-catheterization.
Abstract 3414: Determining microsatellite instability (MSI) status of colorectal cancers through next-generation sequencing (NGS)

Introduction: The MSI status of a tumor is often a marker of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair deficiency. Recent clinical trials have shown MSI-High (MSI-H) tumors are more likely to respond to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The United States Food and Drug Administration recently granted approval for a checkpoint inhibitor in metastatic solid tumor that demonstrates high microsatellite instability. Here we show the accuracy of determining the MSI status of colorectal cancers (CRC) using either TruSight™ Tumor 170 (TST170), a NGS-based 170 gene panel for solid tumor profiling, or whole exome sequencing (WES). Further, we report the accuracy of identifying the MSI status through sequencing of tumor-only samples without the subject-matched normal DNA. Experimental Method: The MSI status of 52 CRC tumors (51 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded and 1 fresh-frozen sample) were evaluated using a microsatellite instability (MSI) assay (Promega), which is a detection method that uses capillary electrophoresis to analyze PCR-products. For comparison to WES, the tumors and subject-matched normal DNA libraries were prepared and enriched using TruSight™ Oncology reagents (Illumina). Targeted NGS libraries were prepared and enriched for the TST170-gene panel using the TST170 library kit (Illumina). NGS libraries were sequenced with the HiSeq™ 2000, HiSeq™ 2500, or NextSeq™ 550 instruments (Illumina). MSI scores of the 52 tumors were calculated through a novel internally developed bioinformatics algorithm. Data Summary: From the 52 subjects assessed through Promega9s MSI detection kit, 28 and 24 were found to be MSI-H and microsatellite stable (MSS), respectively. These data were used as the benchmark for the MSI status of these subjects. Both the NGS-based tumor-normal data from WES and TST170 achieved a 100% concordance with PCR-based MSI detection. In addition, when only the sequencing data of the tumor samples were used without the subject-matched normal DNA, the Illumina MSI algorithm could identify the MSI status of the 52 subjects with 98% concordance with Promega9s MSI detection kit. Conclusion: Collectively, this data indicates that NGS can be utilized for determining tumor MSI status using WES or the TST170 panel. In addition, a bioinformatics algorithm was developed that successfully categorized tumors according to their MSI status without requiring subject-matched normal DNA sequence data. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: Alex So, Shile Zhang, Shannon Kaplan, Joyee Yao, Phillip Le, Christine Glidewell-Kenney, Kristina Kruglyak, Jenny Jie Chen, Ali Kuraishy, Ina Deras, Karen Gutekunst. Determining microsatellite instability (MSI) status of colorectal cancers through next-generation sequencing (NGS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3414.
Stereovision Combined With Particle Tracking Velocimetry Reveals Advection and Uplift Within a Restraining Bend Simulating the Denali Fault

Scaled physical experiments allow us to directly observe deformational processes that take place on time and length scales that are impossible to observe in the Earth’s crust. Successful evaluation of advection and uplift of material within a restraining bend along a strike-slip fault zone depends on capturing the evolution of strain in three dimensions. Consequently, we require deformation within the horizontal plane as well as vertical motions. While 3D Digital Image Correlation systems can provide this information, their high costs have prompted us to develop techniques that require only two DSLR cameras and a few Matlab® toolboxes, which are available to researchers at many institutions. Matlab® plug-ins can perform Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), a technique used in many analog modeling studies to map the incremental displacements fields. For tracking material advection throughout experiments more suitable Matlab® plug-ins perform Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), which tracks the complete two-dimensional displacement path of individual particles. To capture uplift the Matlab® Computer Vision Toolbox™, uses pairs of photos to capture the evolving topography of the experiment. The stereovision approach eliminates the need to stop the experiment to perform 3D laser scans, which can be problematic when working with materials that have time dependent rheology. We demonstrate how the combination of PIV, PTV and stereovision analysis of experiments that simulate the Mount McKinley restraining bend reveal the evolution of the fault system and three-dimensional advection of material through the bend.
Expenditure Analysis of HIV Testing and Counseling Services Using the Cascade Framework in Vietnam

Objectives Currently, HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services in Vietnam are primarily funded by international sources. However, international funders are now planning to withdraw their support and the Government of Vietnam (GVN) is seeking to identify domestic funding and generate client fees to continue services. A clear understanding of the cost to sustain current HTC services is becoming increasingly important to facilitate planning that can lead to making HTC and other HIV services more affordable and sustainable in Vietnam. The objectives of this analysis were to provide a snapshot of current program costs to achieve key program outcomes including 1) testing and identifying PLHIV unaware of their HIV status and 2) successfully enrolling HIV (+) clients in care. Methods
Multiculturalism in Today Society

Cultural diversity in U.S. schools has deepened considerably during the last two decades. The aging of the mainstream population and influx of immigrants to the United States since Immigration Reforms Act of 1965 have resulted in a rapid rise in the percentage of ethnic, cultural, language, and religious minorities in the nation’s schools where One of out of three U.S. students is an ethnic minority. Multicultural education is an idea, an educational reform movement, and a process whose major goal is to change the structure of educational institution so the male and female students, exceptional students, and students who are number of diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural groups will have an equal chance to achieve academically in school[4]. This paper describes different meaning of multiculturalism. The paper discusses the approaches can be used to teach multiculturalism education. The paper discusses reasons why multicultural education is needed in U.S. The paper mentions that teachers must have a better understanding of other cultures so that they can provide an optional education for all of their students, regardless of their cultural backgrounds [5]. Furthermore, because we live in a culturally diverse society, it is critical that students not only develop an understanding and appreciation of other cultures, but that they also possess skills that will enable them to function within diverse societies whether at home or abroad [14].
How to Perform miRacles: A Step-by-Step microRNA Detection Protocol Using DNA Nanoswitches.

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation, and are increasingly considered to be biomarkers for numerous biological processes and human diseases. Current techniques used for microRNA detection can be expensive and labor-intensive, and typically require amplification, labeling, or radioactive probes. In this protocol, we describe a DNA nanoswitch-based microRNA detection assay termed "miRacles": microRNA-activated conditional looping of engineered switches. This method uses conformationally responsive DNA nanoswitches that detect the presence of specific microRNAs with a simple and unambiguous gel-shift assay that can be performed on the benchtop. The assay is low cost, minimalistic, and capable of direct detection of specific microRNAs in unprocessed total RNA samples, with no enzymatic amplification, labeling, or special equipment. The protocol for detection of microRNAs in total RNA can be completed in as little as a few hours, making this assay a compelling alternative to qPCR and Northern blotting. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of DNA nanoswitches Basic Protocol 2: Detection of microRNAs from total RNA samples Support Protocol 1: Optional nanoswitch purification by PEG precipitation Support Protocol 2: Optional nanoswitch purification by liquid chromatography.