cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunological Studies of the Retina

The wealth of information about the mammalian CNS that has come from anatomical and electrophysiological studies has provided many clues about the cell types, and their connections, involved in a number of neural pathways. However, neurobiologists have lacked a method for translating this information into the language of biochemistry and molecular biology so as to allow an understanding of the molecular basis of neural development and function. Antibodies provide a unique tool with which to make such a translation. They are fixable and can be coupled to enzymes, metalloproteins, fluorescent dyes, or radioactive isotopes to allow anatomical visualization of antigenic sites at the light-and electron-microscopic levels. Antibodies can be used as pharmacological agents to affect rapid physiological processes such as transmitter binding to receptors or ion channel kinetics. In addition, it may be possible to use them to study slower processes such as cellular migration and intercellular interactions. The biochemical purification of molecules can be monitored by their antigenic activity or can be achieved directly by the use of antibody affinity columns (for example, see Parham et al., 1979). Similar techniques also allow the measurement of antigen metabolism and, in combination with other in vitro systems, can even allow the identification and isolation of the relevant genes (Schechter, 1974; Shapiro et al., 1974).
Asynchronous Distributed Multielectrode Microstimulation Reduces Seizures in the Dorsal Tetanus Toxin Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Abstract Background Electrical brain stimulation has shown promise for reducing seizures in drug-resistant epilepsy, but the electrical stimulation parameter space remains largely unexplored. New stimulation parameters, electrode types, and stimulation targets may be more effective in controlling seizures compared to currently available options. Hypothesis We hypothesized that a novel electrical stimulation approach involving distributed multielectrode microstimulation at the epileptic focus would reduce seizure frequency in the tetanus toxin model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods We explored a distributed multielectrode microstimulation (DMM) approach in which electrical stimulation was delivered through 15 33-µm-diameter electrodes implanted at the epileptic focus (dorsal hippocampus) in the rat tetanus toxin model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Results We show that hippocampal theta (6–12 Hz brain oscillations) is decreased in this animal model during awake behaving conditions compared to control animals (p −4 ). DMM with biphasic, theta-range (6–12 Hz/electrode) pulses delivered asynchronously on the 15 microelectrodes was effective in reducing seizures by 46% (p 16.66 Hz/per electrode), in contrast, had a tendency to increase seizure frequency. Conclusions These results indicate that DMM could be a new effective approach to therapeutic brain stimulation for reducing seizures in epilepsy.
A Security Access Control Mechanism for a Multi-layer Heterogeneous Storage Structure

This paper introduces a general multi-layer storage structure. Object instances from geographic surface objects are transferred and stored into the standard structure. We introduce some new access control rules to modify the BLP model, so that the owner can process unrestrictedly an object that is created by the owner. When a process needs to decide whether to execute an object method, it calculates using the object instance the security level and information flow direction.
Adaptive support for distributed collaboration

Through interaction with others, a person develops multiple perspectives that become the basis for innovation and the construction of new knowledge. This chapter discusses the challenges facing emerging web-based technologies that enable distributed users to discover and construct new knowledge collaboratively. Examples include advanced collaborative and social information filtering technology that not only helps users discover knowledge, peers, and relevant communities, but also plays a powerful role in facilitating and mediating their interaction. As the internet extends around the world and interconnects diverse cultures, the adaptive web will be challenged to provide a personalized knowledge interface that carries new perspectives to diverse communities. It will play the role of an interface for knowledge construction, a mediator for communication and understanding, and a structured channel through which knowledge is created, interpreted, used, and recreated by other users.
Analysis of case-parent trios at a locus with a deletion allele: association of GSTM1 with autism

Certain loci on the human genome, such as glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), do not permit heterozygotes to be reliably determined by commonly used methods. Association of such a locus with a disease is therefore generally tested with a case-control design. When subjects have already been ascertained in a case-parent design however, the question arises as to whether the data can still be used to test disease association at such a locus. A likelihood ratio test was constructed that can be used with a case-parents design but has somewhat less power than a Pearson's chi-squared test that uses a case-control design. The test is illustrated on a novel dataset showing a genotype relative risk near 2 for the homozygous GSTM1 deletion genotype and autism. Although the case-control design will remain the mainstay for a locus with a deletion, the likelihood ratio test will be useful for such a locus analyzed as part of a larger case-parent study design. The likelihood ratio test has the advantage that it can incorporate complete and incomplete case-parent trios as well as independent cases and controls. Both analyses support (p = 0.046 for the proposed test, p = 0.028 for the case-control analysis) an association of the homozygous GSTM1 deletion genotype with autism.
Application of association rules based on fuzzy formal concept analysis

Through the investigation of many symptoms of rheum, we classify the symptoms, with the method of fuzzy formal concept analysis, to find the decisive symptom to diagnosis the rheum. Moreover, Association Rule is used to simplify the data. Finally it is proved that only two symptoms are most effective ones to diagnosis the rheum, which provides a new basis for artificial intelligence diagnostics.
The Group Therapist's Notebook: Homework, Handouts, and Activities for Use in Psychotherapy, Dawn Viers, Ed

As noted in the title, this work is directed to the group therapist for use in psychotherapy. The exercises presented are congruent with this orientation. Because there is such a broad representati...
Server-assisted long-term secure 3-party key establishment

Consider a scenario where a server S shares a symmetric key k U with each user U. Building on a 2-party solution of Bohli et al., we describe an authenticated 3-party key establishment which remains secure if a computational Bilinear Diffie Hellman problem is hard or the server is uncorrupted. If the BDH assumption holds during a protocol execution, but is invalidated later, entity authentication and integrity of the protocol are still guaranteed.
Efficient construction of oligocholate foldamers via "click" chemistry and their tolerance of structural heterogeneity.

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an alkynyl-terminated cholate trimer and an azido-functionalized cholate hexamer readily afforded the nonamer and dodecamer derivatives, whereas amide coupling employed in previous oligocholate synthesis failed beyond the octamer. Unlike typical oligocholate foldamers with exclusively head-to-tail arrangement of the repeat units, the newly synthesized “clicked” oligocholates contained head-to-head arrangement and flexible tethers in the sequence. Despite large structural perturbations, the clicked oligocholates folded similarly as the parent foldamers, demonstrating the robustness of the solvophobically driven folding mechanism.
Enzymatic recycling of NADPH at high temperature utilizing a thermostable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

Abstract A high temperature NADPH recycling system was designed utilizing a thermostable glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (tG6PDH) from Bacillus stearothermophilus with glucose-6-sulfate (G6S) as the substrate. The thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (tADH) from Thermoanaerobacter (formerly Thermoanaerobium ) brockii was employed to catalyze the reduction of 2-butanone to 2-butanol at 55 °C. It was established that the B. stearothermophilus G6PDH is capable of utilizing G6S as the substrate ( K M =50 mM at 55 °C). NADPH recycling based on the G6S/tG6PDH system performed optimally with a 3:1 ratio of tG6PDH:tADH, and with 1 mM NADP. The system produced 75 mM 2-butanol and retained 60% of NADPH after 5 h at 55 °C. Under the same conditions, the system using glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), the natural substrate for tG6PDH, produced only 25 mM 2-butanol and retained negligible amount of the co-factor.
A difference-based variational method for shells

Abstract This paper describes a difference-based variational method for analyzing a general class of two dimensional shell problems, including shells with cutouts. The method is essentially an adaptation of the variational method for setting up difference operators. Results from two example problems are given and the effectiveness of the method is illustrated. Although the method has broader applicability, this work is limited to static linear elastic deformations of thin shells.
Source Apportionment of Phoenix PM2.5 Aerosol with the Unmix Receptor Model

Abstract The multivariate receptor model Unmix has been used to analyze a 3-yr PM2.5 ambient aerosol data set collected in Phoenix, AZ, beginning in 1995. The analysis generated source profiles and overall average percentage source contribution estimates (SCEs) for five source categories: gasoline engines (33 ± 4%), diesel engines (16 ± 2%), secondary SO4 2− (19 ± 2%), crustal/soil (22 ± 2%), and vegetative burning (10 ± 2%). The Unmix analysis was supplemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a limited number of filter samples for information on possible additional low-strength sources. Except for the diesel engine source category, the Unmix SCEs were generally consistent with an earlier multivariate receptor analysis of essentially the same data using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. This article provides the first demonstration for an urban area of the capability of the Unmix receptor model.
The effect of localization on interference. I. Calculated intensities for a feasible optical experiment

A simple geometry utilizing a laser-excited atomic beam as light source, and a nearby oscillating mirror, would permit the observation of a two-channel optical interference effect involving photons which can be localized predominantly in one channel by coincidence observations of the recoiling source atom. A sacrifice of the optimum conditions for photon interference is necessary even when photon localization in one channel is accomplished by an observation of the recoil atom. This necessity arises because the width of the slit defining the atomic beam, and with it the important optical source dimension, must be comparable to the optical wavelength to obtain the small uncertainty in initial total momentum needed for significant localization. Quantum mechanical calculations of the coincidence intensity and singles intensity as a function of mirror position are made for a source width of five quarter wavelengths and are compared to a classical optics calculation of the singles intensity. The coincidence intensity calculation, as expected, predicts a smaller interference effect than classical optics due to the photon localization. The singles intensity calculation also predicts the same reduction in the classical interference effect, as a consequence of the orthoganality of the final atom states.
Probability Concepts in Quantum Mechanics

The fundamental problem considered is that of the existence of a joint probability distribution for momentum and position at a given instant. The philosophical interest of this problem is that for the potential energy functions (or Hamiltonians) corresponding to many simple experimental situations, the joint "distribution" derived by the methods of Wigner and Moyal is not a genuine probability distribution at all. The implications of these results for the interpretation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are analyzed. The final section consists of some observations concerning the axiomatic foundations of quantum mechanics.
Coupling Device and Distal Femoral Replacement for Periprosthetic Supracondylar Femur Fractures with an Ipsilateral Total Knee and Hip Replacement

Background Periprosthetic supracondylar fractures in the setting of an ipsilateral total knee and hip replacement are a rare but serious orthopedic challenge.
On the Relationship between the Student-Advisor Match and Early Career Research Productivity for Agricultural and Resource Economics Ph.D.s

We use a unique data set on students receiving their Ph.D.s from top-ranked agricultural and resource economics programs to investigate how the ranking of a student's dissertation advisor affects his or her early career research productivity. After controlling for program reputation, we find that the higher the relative research productivity of a student's dissertation advisor the greater the student's early career research productivity. Allowing the estimated effects of advisor rank to vary with program reputation suggests that students from lower-ranked programs working with relatively more prominent advisors outperform their peers at highly ranked programs working with less prominent advisors.
Experimental measurement of work function in doped silicon surfaces

Theory and experimental measurement of work function for electrons in doped silicon surfaces are presented in the article. Definitions of work function and of the local work function are given in the introduction. It was shown, that the value of work function defines the position of Fermi energy level. Numerical calculations of surface potential and electric field for theoretical semiconductor surface models show the difference between finite and infinite surfaces. Photovoltage dependence on charge carriers injection ratio for doped silicon surface was numerically calculated as well. Experimentally determined Fermi energies of doped silicon samples show good agreement with theory for low and moderately doped samples only. Appropriate explanations of disagreement between theory and experiment are given in the conclusion. Suggestions for the system improvement are presented in the Appendix.
Tailored selective NMR excitation by projection presaturation

Selective excitation of spins in one region in a relatively large object is important for many NMR applications in biology and medicine. For example, excitation of spins in a slice (one-dimensional excitation) is the basis of tomographic (section) imaging and is currently used in clinical MR imaging (MRI) for diagnosing human disease. Selective excitation in two and three dimensions also is important. It is used primarily in localized in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) for quantifying the metabolites or energetics of a diseased tissue, but it also is used in MRI for limited field of view imaging or for improving image quality by suppression of flow and motion artifacts. We describe a technique, projection presaturation, for selectively exciting a single volume of interest (VOI) or for simultaneous excitation of multiple VOIs, the shape and size of which can be tailored in one, two, or three dimensions. Projection presaturation has advantages over commonly used techniques: It is conformal; it provides maximum sensitivity; it is accurate even in the presence of T1 variation, tip-angle errors (deviation from the desired tip-angle caused by mistuning or inhomogeneity of the radio frequency transmit field), and off-resonance effects (variation in the resonance frequency caused by Bo inhomogeneity and chemical shifts); and it is suitable for shortT2 species. Several applications of the method in MRI and MRS are described and discussed.
Afterbody Heating Characteristics of a Proposed Mars Sample Return Orbiter

Aeroheating wind-tunnel tests were conducted on a 0.028 scale model of an orbiter concept considered for a possible Mars sample return mission. The primary experimental objectives were to characterize hypersonic near wake closure and determine if shear layer impingement would occur on the proposed orbiter afterbody at incidence angles necessary for a Martian aerocapture maneuver. Global heat transfer mappings, surface streamline patterns, and shock shapes were obtained in the NASA Langley 20-Inch Mach 6 Air and CF(sub 4) Tunnels for post-normal shock Reynolds numbers (based on forebody diameter) ranging from 1,400 to 415,000, angles of attack ranging from -5 to 10 degrees at 0, 3, and 6 degree sideslip, and normal-shock density ratios of 5 and 12. Laminar, transitional, and turbulent shear layer impingement on the cylindrical afterbody was inferred from the measurements and resulted in a localized heating maximum that ranged from 40 to 75 percent of the reference forebody stagnation point heating. Comparison of laminar heating prediction to experimental measurement along the orbiter afterbody highlight grid alignment challenges associated with numerical simulation of three-dimensional separated wake flows.
Suicidal configurations in the Bender-Gestalt.

Summary Three clinicians experienced in the use of the Bender-Gestalt independently rated the presence-absence of ten signs relating to depression, hostility, dependency, emotional constriction, and rigidity in the protocols of 34 hospitalized mental patients, half of whom had made an unsuccessful suicidal attempt while the other half had not. Although the ratings of the three sets of judges were statistically reliable for seven of the ten signs, none of these indices distinguished between the groups as predicted. The value of the signs approach and the theory from which the predictions were derived seemed, within the limitations of the study, to be questionable. A counter-argument based on the notion of crisis was presented.
The interaction between smoking status and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in a cohort of HIV-infected men

The interaction between smoking status and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) in a cohort of HIV-infected men
Regulation of feeding by multiple opioid receptors in cingulate cortex; follow-up to an in vivo autoradiographic study.

A previous in vivo autoradiographic study demonstrated reduced 3H-diprenorphine binding in anterior cingulate cortex of rats that were injected (i.v.) with the radiolabeled opiate during lateral hypothalamic stimulation-induced feeding (SIF). This suggests that an opioid peptide is released in cingulate cortex during feeding and excludes binding of the tracer. The aim of the present study was to determine whether opioid activity in cingulate cortex contributes to the expression of SIF. Agonists and antagonists for multiple opioid receptors were microinjected into cingulate cortex and effects on stimulation frequency threshold for SIF were determined. Although the universal opioid antagonist naloxone (20.0 μg) increased threshold, high doses of selective antagonists for μ, δ, and κ receptors - D-Tic-CTAP, natrindole and norbinaltorphimine, respectively — had no effect. The unique efficacy of naloxone may be due to this lipophilic compound's rapid diffusion throughout an extensive volume of anterior cingulate tissue. While high doses of the κ agonist U50, 488 and the δ agonist DPDPE had no effect, the μ agonist, DAGO (1.0 μg), decreased the SIF threshold. Moreover, the threshold-lowering effect of DAGO was blocked by pretreatment with the irreversible μ antagonist β-FNA. These results suggest that μ opioid activity in cingulate cortex can facilitate SIF but that under basal conditions endogenous opioid activity in this brain region makes only a small positive contribution, if any, to the expression of SIF.
Theoretical Analysis and Experiment of Liquid Metal Penetration into Slot Plug Applied for Refining Ladles

Penetration phenomena of liquid metal into a slot plug is applicable to a wide range of refining ladles. In the current work, slot plug parameters, especially the slot width, which is the most important factor for operational safety, were studied by analyzing the penetration mechanism in using interfacial theory. A theoretical model for predicting the relationship of plug parameters and liquid metal bath depth is proposed. Furthermore, a simple approach of measuring penetration depth and flow behavior of liquid metal is presented. The corresponding experiment validating the model was successfully performed with Wood’s metal. The results show that factors affecting the penetration of liquid metal into slot plug include slot geometric parameters, surface roughness, and ambient pressures. Of these, slot width is the primary factor determining the penetration, and the effect of slot length can be ignored when it reaches 50 times the width. The penetration process of liquid metal into slot plug can be divided into three stages: unsteady penetration, main penetration, and terminal penetration. Increasing the uniformity of slot width along the length direction can extend the service life of slot plug.
SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND DIAGONAL TRANSFORMATIONS.

We discuss the form of the special Lorentz transformation, and the corresponding transformation of the electromagnetic field, in which the transformation matrix is diagonal. We derive the diagonal form of the special Lorentz transformation directly, in a simple way, and show that it is sometimes more convenient to apply than the algebraically equivalent conventional form of the transformation. The convenience is especially evident in deriving the linear Doppler effect, and the relativistic addition of more than two parallel velocities. By writing Maxwell's equations in terms of linear combinations of coordinates which have simple transformation properties, we arrive at the transformation equations of the Maxwell fields in a diagonal form, as well as at the plane wave solutions, in a natural manner. The derivations and applications described above should be of use in a course on relativity because of their simplicity and directness.
P02-266 - Anaemia in elderly in-patients in psychiatric hospitala serious problem or an innocent finding?

Background Anemia (and especially mild forms) is a frequent laboratory finding in the elderly and is usually regarded in our everyday practice in psychiatry as an incidental innocent finding. However, the growing body of literature proves otherwise. Recent literature shows that anemia in the elderly has serious negative impact on mortality, morbidity and quality of life in this age group. Despite the importance of this topic in mental health care, there is paucity or even lack of studies aiming to examine the magnitude of this problem in psychiatric hospitals and to suggest potential solutions for it. In this small study, we aim to examine the prevalence of anemia in an inpatient psychiatric hospital, the types of anemia found, the investigations done and if any treatment was given. Design and methods Inpatient case notes were examined retrospectively for patients admitted to the Julian hospital from June 2010 to December 2010. Anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria1 as a hemoglobin concentration lower than 12 g/dL in women and 13 g/dL in men. Results Based on WHO criteria, most of our elderly patients were found to be anemic, with a significantly higher frequency in men than in women. The prevalence of anemia increased with increasing age, both in men and in women. Conclusions Anemia in elderly is a frequent, underappreciated and potentially morbid condition accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in this population. As mental health professionals, we must work with our colleagues in medicine to translate awareness into action.
Vapor-deposited ceramic coating: Status and prospects

Rapid progress has been observed in the coating technology of ceramics and diamond synthesized from the vapor phase. This paper describes its status and prospects.
Lid nystagmus as a sign of intrinsic midbrain disease

A 6-year-old boy with signs and symptoms of ocular myasthenia gravis had lid nystagmus evoked by horizontal gaze. MR imaging demonstrated an intrinsic midbrain lesion, which was diagnosed by biopsy as a low-grade astrocytoma. In the setting of ocular myasthenia gravis, the finding of lid nystagmus may serve as a useful clinical sign of intrinsic midbrain disease.
Consequence of dose scheduling of sunitinib on host immune response elements and vaccine combination therapy.

This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of sunitinib in order to rationally design combinational platforms with immunotherapies for the treatment of solid tumors. Using a mouse model, we studied the effects of sunitinib given for 4 weeks at concentrations comparable to 37.5–50 mg/day in humans, followed by 2 weeks off the drug (sunitinib 4/2). We assessed the effect of differently timed combinations of sunitinib and a poxvirus-based vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) plus 3 costimulatory molecules on immune responses in CEA-transgenic (CEA-Tg) mice. Antitumor studies were performed in CEA-Tg mice bearing CEA-transfected MC38 murine colon carcinomas (MC38-CEA), treated either concurrently or sequentially with sunitinib and vaccine. In vitro, sunitinib inhibited PDGFR phosphorylation on MC38-CEA cells at concentrations similar to those biologically available during human treatment. In vivo, one cycle of sunitinib 4/2 caused bimodal immune effects: (a) decreased regulatory cells during the 4 weeks of treatment and (b) an immune-suppression rebound during the 2 weeks of treatment interruption. In a model using CEA-Tg mice bearing CEA+ tumors, continuous sunitinib followed by vaccine increased intratumoral infiltration of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, decreased immunosuppressant T regulatory cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reduced tumor volumes, and increased survival. The immunomodulatory activity of continuous sunitinib administration can create a more immune-permissive environment. In combination with immunotherapies, sunitinib treatment should precede vaccine, in order to precondition the immune system, to maximize the response to vaccine-mediated immune enhancement.
Reducing Recidivism and Symptoms in Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions and Justice System Involvement

The peak years of offending in the general population and among those with serious mental health conditions (SMHC) are during emerging adulthood. There currently are no evidence-based interventions for reducing offending behavior among 18–21 year olds, with or without SMHC. This open trial examined outcomes from an adaptation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST), an effective juvenile recidivism reduction intervention, modified for use with emerging adults with SMHC and recent justice system involvement. MST for emerging adults (MST-EA) targets MH symptoms, recidivism, problem substance use, and young adult functional capacities. All study participants (n = 41) were aged 17–20 and had a MH diagnosis and recent arrest or incarceration. Implementation outcomes indicated that MST-EA was delivered with strong fidelity, client satisfaction was high, and the majority of participants successfully completed the intervention. Research retention rates also were high. Pre–post-analyses revealed significant reductions in participants’ MH symptoms, justice system involvement, and associations with antisocial peers.
Thinking beyond the Category of Sexual Identity: At the Intersection of Sexuality and Human-Trafficking Policy

“Intersectional analysis,” or “intersectionality,” is a concept that is widely used in various academic disciplines to explain and articulate the oppressions faced by the “multiply minoritized” (Vidal-Ortiz 2006), those marginalized by their sex, gender, sexuality, race, class, and national identities. We are concerned that “sexuality” as an identity used in intersectional analysis is perhaps overly reductive, sometimes telling nothing more than whether someone is “straight” or “gay,” rather than leaving room to interrogate the complicated, diverse landscape that is at the intersection of gender, sex, and sexuality. In this essay, we apply a queer-theory critique of intersectionality to demonstrate how human-trafficking policy, particularly as it relates to sex trafficking, is productive of what Valentine (2007) calls culturally constructed and deployed identity categories, resulting in inclusion of some and exclusion of others. We aim to show how social science research that relies on normative identity categories can lead to incomplete intersectional analyses.
Yields of alginates produced by fluorescent pseudomonads in batch culture

Saprophytic and plant pathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads are possible sources of bacterial alginates to be used as substitutes for algal alginates for certain commercial applications. In this study, a total of 115 strains of fluorescentPseudomonas species (P. cichorii, P. fiuorescens, P. syringae andP. viridiflava) were tested for yields of alginates when grown in batch culture in a proprietary liquid medium (PLM). The PLM contained either fructose or glucose (both at 5%, w/v) as the primary carbon and energy source. For comparison, selected strains were also grown in a modified Vogel and Bonner medium (MVBM) containing gluconate (5%, w/v) and formulated to support maximal alginate production by the human pathogenP. aeruginosa. After five days of incubation at 24°C with shaking (250–300 r.p.m.), alginates were harvested from the culture fluids by precipitation with three volumes of isopropanol. Maximum yields of alginates, based on assays for uronic acid content of precipitable material, were 5 g L−1 for PLM with fructose, 3 g L−1 for PLM with glucose and 9 g L−1 for MVBM.
Sialylation of lacto-N-neotetraosyl ceramide by a solubilized sialyltransferase(s) from chicken skeletal muscle: effect of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin.

The sialytransferase(s) that transfers sialic acid to lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide and other glycosphingolipids with a galactose nonreducing terminus has been successfully solubilized from embryonic chicken skeletal muscle. The enzyme can be stored in 50 mM HEPES (pH 6.8), 1% Triton CF-54, and 20% glycerol at −70°C for as long as six months. Addition of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin (0.167%) readily reactivates the stored inactive enzymes and such activity persists for about two weeks at 0°–4°C with the peak activity occurring at 1 to 2 days. Sphingomyelin from chicken muscle, which contains mainly C16∶0 and C18∶0, is 2.1-fold more effective than bovine brain sphingomyelin at the same concentration (0.4%).
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with higher cost of care among chronic kidney disease patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and incurs a substantial cost. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a major complication
Influence of Aqueous pH on the Interfacial Properties of Coal Tar

Coal tar is a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) of significant environmental concern due to its toxicity and persistence in the subsurface. The mobility and recoverability of subsurface coal tar is significantly influenced by its interfacial properties. This paper demonstrates the dependence of coal tar interfacial properties, such as interfacial tension and contact angle, on aqueous pH. Coal tar−water interfacial tension, quartz wettability, capillary pressure-fluid saturation relationships, and interfacial film presence or absence were experimentally determined in aqueous solutions of varying pH (3.4−12.4) at constant ionic strength (0.1 M). Interfacial tension varied as much as 25 dynes/cm, dramatically decreasing as pH was increased above 9. Contact angle results indicate that, as for most NAPLs, water wets quartz media under coal tar-advancing conditions over the entire pH range tested. However, unlike most NAPLs, coal tar wets quartz media under coal tar-receding conditions at acidic to neutral ...
The Binary Lanthanide Oxides: Synthesis and Identification

This presentation of the preparation of the binary lanthanide oxides is neither in the nature of a review nor a complete description of methods and techniques. An experienced solid state chemist can probably use it effectively to prepare any of the compounds covered. Those with less experience may need to refer to the original papers describing the methods required for more detail.
Traditional and targeted exome sequencing reveals common, rare and novel functional deleterious variants in RET-signaling complex in a cohort of living US patients with urinary tract malformations

Signaling by the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-RET receptor tyrosine kinase and SPRY1, a RET repressor, is essential for early urinary tract development. Individual or a combination of GDNF, RET and SPRY1 mutant alleles in mice cause renal malformations reminiscent of congenital anomalies of the kidney or urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans and distinct from renal agenesis phenotype in complete GDNF or RET-null mice. We sequenced GDNF, SPRY1 and RET in 122 unrelated living CAKUT patients to discover deleterious mutations that cause CAKUT. Novel or rare deleterious mutations in GDNF or RET were found in six unrelated patients. A family with duplicated collecting system had a novel mutation, RET-R831Q, which showed markedly decreased GDNF-dependent MAPK activity. Two patients with RET-G691S polymorphism harbored additional rare non-synonymous variants GDNF-R93W and RET-R982C. The patient with double RET-G691S/R982C genotype had multiple defects including renal dysplasia, megaureters and cryptorchidism. Presence of both mutations was necessary to affect RET activity. Targeted whole-exome and next-generation sequencing revealed a novel deleterious mutation G443D in GFRα1, the co-receptor for RET, in this patient. Pedigree analysis indicated that the GFRα1 mutation was inherited from the unaffected mother and the RET mutations from the unaffected father. Our studies indicate that 5 % of living CAKUT patients harbor deleterious rare variants or novel mutations in GDNF-GFRα1-RET pathway. We provide evidence for the coexistence of deleterious rare and common variants in genes in the same pathway as a cause of CAKUT and discovered novel phenotypes associated with the RET pathway.
What is to be Done in the History of Philosophy

Because the History of Philosophy is a branch of both History and Philosophy, it faces tasks which are Historical, tasks which are Philosophical, and tasks which overlap both. As Philosophy typically flourishes by incorporating and assimilating ideas and bodies of text which have either not previously been part of its stock in trade or have been forgotten, the main task facing the History of Philosophy today is that of developing serious scholarship in areas that have been largely neglected, such as Philosophy in Arabic and Persian as well as in Sanskrit and Chinese.
Quantum ergodicity on the sphere

We prove that a random orthonormal basis of eigenfunctions on the standard sphere has quantum ergodic behavior.
Nonpremixed ignition of C7–C16 normal alkanes in stagnating liquid pool

Abstract The nonpremixed ignition temperatures of n -decane, n -dodecane, and n -hexadecane were measured in a liquid pool by heated stagnating oxidizing flow at atmospheric pressure. Together with previous results on n -heptane, it is shown that, for the C 7 –C 16 n -alkanes, the nonpremixed ignition temperature increases monotonically with increasing carbon number, and as such is contrary to the behavior of homogeneous ignition delays. Numerical simulation of the ignition events for n -heptane, n -decane and n -dodecane, employing a recently developed high temperature kinetic model, showed good agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. Sensitivity and computational analyses indicate that the reason for the higher ignition temperature with increasing fuel molecular size is mostly due to their progressively reduced diffusivity, which leads to correspondingly reduced fuel concentration in the ignition kernel.
Study on Power Transformer Fault Risk Assessment Method

Based on more than three hundred transformer accidents and some statistics data related, this paper manages to draw a standard classification table of transformer failure. 5 degrees of failure possibilities are classified in the paper: extremely high, high, general, low, extremely low. Besides, 4 major factors that affects risk of transformer failure severity are studied: direct lossmonitoring levelmaintenance cost and maintenance period. Also, failure severity of each risk source are classified into 5 levels: not serious, mild, ordinary, less serious, and serious, and Extensional Analytic Hierarchy Process (EAHP) and Extensional Project Appraisal Methods are used to evaluate the severity of risk of transformer failures. Last but not least, risk matrix has been built and divided into four parts: high risk area, critical risk area, medium risk area and low risk area. On that top, some maintenance strategies are proposed accordingly.
A study of the sensitivity of the winter mean meridional circulation to sources of heat and momentum

The time and zonally averaged momentum and thermodynamic equations on a spherical earth are combined to formulate an equation for the mean meridional circulation based on the quasi-static assumption discussed in Eliassen (Astrophys. Nor. 1951, 19–60). The forcing terms and coefficients in the equation are taken from previously published zonally and seasonally averaged data, which include the net radiative heating, condensation heating, boundary layer friction and sensible heating, tropical cumulus friction, the mean zonal wind and large-scale eddy transports of momentum and heat in winter. The computed meridional circulation in the Northern Hemisphere compares well to the observations with a three-cell structure of Hadley, Ferrel and polar circulations. To estimate the relative importance in maintaining the meridional circulation a series of solutions is computed by removing one of the individual sources at a time and the solutions are compared to the standard solution. It is found that the Hadley cell maintains the intensity level at only one-third of the standard solution if the condensation heating is absent. Although there is virtually no source in the tropics due to eddy momentum and heat transports, the mid-latitude eddy transport affects the Hadley circulation significantly, suggesting that the cooling due to eddy heat transport in the subtropics is an important component balancing the adiabatic heating in the downward branch of the Hadley cell. The individual effects of radiation, surface sensible heating and surface friction are all comparable, but the contributions in the balance of meridional circulation is, on the global average, not more than one-third of the condensation and resultant eddy effect, although the effects are different for the individual Hadley, Ferrel and polar circulations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01756.x
Design, Testing, and Safety Considerations of an Optically Isolated Firing Set

Experimental investigations at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Munitions Directorate required a firing set to initiate detonators in ultra-high-voltage experiments, but commercial firing sets with adequate high voltage isolation could not be found. To resolve this issue a Directorate team designed, fabricated a new firing set, verified that it met all design requirements, and obtained safety board approval for its use. The patented design uses all plastic fiber optic cables, pneumatic controls, battery isolation, and redundant safety devices to withstand voltage differences of hundreds of thousands of volts between the operator and the experiment. This paper describes the efforts to develop a very reliable firing set that met the high standards required by explosive safety procedures. Design features include Faraday shielding, redundant lock out features, multiple safing circuits to handle a variety of fault conditions and fail-safe bleed down circuits to eliminate concerns with residual stored electrical energy. The high-voltage-tolerant firing set allows research in unexplored areas such as electro-explosive effects.
Damage identification via asymmetric active magnetic bearing acceleration feedback control

A Floquet-based damage detection methodology for cracked rotor systems is developed and demonstrated on a shaft-disk system. This approach utilizes measured changes in the system natural frequencies to estimate the severity and location of shaft structural cracks during operation. The damage detection algorithms are developed with the initial guess solved by least square method and iterative damage parameter vector by updating the eigenvector updating. Active Magnetic Bearing is introduced to break the symmetric structure of rotor system and the tuning range of proper stiffness/virtual mass gains is studied. The system model is built based on energy method and the equations of motion are derived by applying assumed modes method and Lagrange Principle. In addition, the crack model is based on the Strain Energy Release Rate (SERR) concept in fracture mechanics. Finally, the method is synthesized via harmonic balance and numerical examples for a shaft/disk system demonstrate the effectiveness in detecting both location and severity of the structural damage.
Variational convergence: Approximation and existence of equilibria in discontinuous games

Abstract We introduce a notion of variational convergence for sequences of games and we show that the Nash equilibrium map is upper semi-continuous with respect to variationally converging sequences. We then show that for a game G with discontinuous payoff, some of the most important existence results of Dasgupta and Maskin, Simon, and Reny are based on constructing approximating sequences of games that variationally converge to G. In fact, this notion of convergence will help simplify these results and make their proofs more transparent. Finally, we use our notion of convergence to establish the existence of a Nash equilibrium for Bertrand–Edgeworth games with very general forms of tie-breaking and residual demand rules.
Quetiapine improves response inhibition in alcohol dependent patients: a placebo-controlled pilot study.

Rationale Quetiapine has been shown to be a promising medication for the treatment of alcoholism. As an atypical antipsychotic medication with antagonist activity at D1 and D2, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A, H1 and α1 and α2 receptors, quetiapine has been found to decrease impulsivity in other psychiatric disorders but its effects on impulsivity have not been studied in alcohol dependent patients.
Corrections to "Equivalence of expressions for the acoustic scattering of a progressive high-order bessel beam by an elastic sphere" [May 2009 1100-1103]

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1100-1103, May 09), there were several errors which are corrected here.
Notables of Mid Century: How They Were Viewed

Scores are obtained for 27 notable men on eight factor analytically derived scales including "Government Scope," "Involvement in the Cold War," "Attitudes toward Minority Groups," and the like. The study suggests that the notables drawn from different walks of life are viewed by a well-educated national sample in terms of a single composite scale which is identified as "liberalism-conservatism." The views attributed to the notables are examined. In general the men are perceived accurately by the respondents; however, there is greater accuracy in evaluating the notables' positions on domestic than on foreign issues. T he study reported here provides information on a trio of related and heretofore almost completely unresearched questions.' First, do notable persons2 tend to be ranked by segments of the public in terms of a single global scale or are notables ranked differently depending on the issues in terms of which they are being evaluated? Second, if they are ranked in terms of a single scale, what is its nature? Third, how are notables drawn from different walks of life ranked relative to each other on the global scale?
Self‐Ratings of Personality: A Naturalistic Comparison of Normative, Ipsative, and Idiothetic Standards

The purpose of this research is to examine some of the implicit standards that individuals may use when they rate themselves on personality dimensions. Specifically, we compared ratings based on instructions that specified normative, ipsative, or idiothetic criteria with ratings obtained when subjects used their own (implicit) standards. In a series of three studies, we found that each of the explicit ratings was highly similar to the implicit-standard ratings and that there were substantial individual differences in the relative similarity of each of the explicit ratings to the implicit ratings. However, because the normative instructions elicited less extreme responses than any of the other instructions, there was a small but consistent tendency for them to be less similar to the ratings based on implicit standards than the ipsative or idiothetic ratings. The implications of this research for personality assessment and self-evaluation are discussed.
Surgical treatment of persistent dislocation or subluxation of the ulnohumeral joint after fracture-dislocation of the elbow.

Abstract Purpose To review the results of surgical reconstruction of posttraumatic elbow instability in the setting of either intact or repaired olecranon process using a protocol incorporating hinged elbow fixation. Methods Thirteen consecutive patients with ulnohumeral instability after a fracture-dislocation of the elbow, adequate articular surfaces, and adequate, stable alignment of the olecranon were treated with temporary hinged external fixation, preservation, or reconstruction of both the coronoid process and radiocapitellar contact and with repair or reconstruction of the lateral collateral ligament complex. There were 9 men and 4 women with an average age of 45 years. Seven patients had a terrible triad pattern injury and 6 had a posterior Monteggia pattern injury. All 13 patients had fracture of the radial head and 10 patients had fracture of the coronoid process. Results At an average follow-up period of 57 months stability was restored in every patient. The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire score was 15 and the average Mayo score was 84, with 6 excellent, 4 good, and 3 fair results. The average arc of ulnohumeral motion was 99°. Six patients had radiographic signs of arthrosis including 5 of 6 patients with olecranon fracture-dislocations. Conclusions A stable, functional elbow can be restored in most patients with persistent instability after fracture-dislocation of the elbow using a treatment protocol incorporating hinged external fixation.
Overview: Strategic human resource management in five leading firms

This article synthesizes findings from five case studies conducted in firms known to be leaders in the management of people. We drew three broad conclusions: 1The foundation of a value-added HR function is a business strategy that relies on people as a source of competitive advantage and a management culture that embraces that belief; 2A value-added HR function will be characterized by operational excellence, a focus on client service for individual employees and managers, and delivery of these services at the lowest possible cost; and 3A value-added HR function requires HR managers that understand the human capital implications of business problems and can access or modify the HR system to solve those problems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.