cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Downside Risk and Mutual Fund Flows

There is little empirical evidence regarding downside risk in asset pricing, due in part to problems inherent in estimating downside risk. We argue that Berk and van Binsbergen (2016)’s approach to testing asset pricing models using the relation between investor flows and risk-adjusted fund returns is well suited for examining the merits of downside risk. We extend the analysis of Berk and van Binsbergen (2016) and Barber et al. (2016) by showing that investors care more about downside market risk than unconditional market risk when choosing mutual funds. Our study provides novel insights regarding investors’ preferences. We find that investors’ sensitivity to downside risk increases following market crises and is more pronounced among funds with conservative investment objectives. Finally, we find that investors’ response to downside risk is not subsumed by information/influence from Morningstar ratings.
A protocol for high-throughput screening of histone lysine demethylase 4 inhibitors using TR-FRET assay.

Summary Identification of diverse chemotypes of selective KDM4 inhibitors is important for exploring and validating the roles of KDM4s in the pathogenesis of human disease and for developing therapies. Here, we report a protocol for high-throughput screening of KDM4 inhibitors using TR-FRET demethylation functional assay. We describe this protocol for screen of KDM4B inhibitors, which can be modified to screen inhibitors of other JmjC-domain-containing KDMs. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Singh et al. (2021) .
Influence of Triple-Negative versus Luminal A Breast Cancer Subtype on Choice of Autologous versus Implant-Based Delayed-Immediate Breast Reconstruction

BACKGROUND Triple-negative (TN) and luminal A breast cancer molecular subtypes have divergent clinical and prognostic characteristics for breast cancer patients. Our study aims to compare the reconstructive choice of these two groups from the time they receive a tissue expander (TE) to the time they complete autologous or implant-based breast reconstruction. METHODS A total of 255 patients who underwent delayed-immediate breast reconstruction with TE placement from 2013 to 2017 diagnosed with either TN (n = 73) or luminal A (n = 182) invasive breast cancer subtype seen by two surgeons at a single institution were identified. Preference of autologous and implant-based reconstruction was analyzed, along with TE complications, race, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, adjuvant therapy, and comorbidities. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the choice of implant- or autologous-based reconstruction among these two groups (p < 0.05). A greater proportion of luminal A patients underwent implant-based reconstruction (63.47%) and a greater proportion of TN patients underwent autologous-based reconstruction (53.13%). With regard to TE outcomes, there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to duration of TE placement by reconstructive type or TE surgical complications. Significantly, more TN patients underwent radiation therapy (p < 0.01) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.0001) than luminal A patients. BMI, comorbidities, radiation therapy, and overall TE complications were identified as predictive factors of patients electing for autologous reconstruction over implants. CONCLUSION TN breast cancer patients mostly chose autologous-based reconstruction, while luminal A patients chose implant-based reconstruction. Both patient groups carried their TEs for similar duration with similar complication profile. Radiation therapy is likely a major factor in the decision for the type of delayed-immediate reconstruction among this population.
Source water partitioning as a means of characterizing hydrologic function in mangroves

Mangrove ecosystems rely on seawater, rain-derived flow, and groundwater for hydrologic sustenance, flushing, and inflow of nutrients and sediments. The relative contribution of these source waters and their variability through time and space can provide key information concerning the hydrologic function of ecosystems. We used hydrologic tracers to partition source waters and trace their movements in the Enipoas stream, a river-dominated mangrove ecosystem on the island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and in the Yela watershed, an interior mangrove ecosystem on the island of Kosrae, FSM. The Enipoas site was characterized as a salt wedge estuary whose source water contributions alternated between predominantly seawater and rain-derived flow, depending on the tide. The source waters in the interior Yela site were also predominantly seawater and rain-derived flow, however the relative contribution of each was much more stable. The mean groundwatercontribution was 5% (SD 5 5.5) for the Enipoas site and 20% (SD 5 11.0) for the Yela site. Although a small contributor to flow, groundwater was a steady source of freshwater for both systems. Hydrologic linkages between mangroves and adjacent ecosystems were demonstrated by the temporal and spatial distribution of source waters.The 0.8 km Enipoas estuary, with its highly dynamic bi-directional flows, transported source waters along a hydrologic continuum comprised of coral reef, mangroves, and palm forest. In the interior mangroves of the Yela watershed, the presence of rain-derived flow and groundwater demonstrated a hydraulic connection between the mangroves and an upstream freshwater swamp. Interior mangroves with such linkages avoid stresses such as desiccation and heightened salinity, and thus are more productive than those with little or no freshwater flows.
Expressed Sequence Tags from Developing Castor Seeds

To expand the availability of genes encoding enzymes and structural proteins associated with storage lipid synthesis and deposition, partial nucleotide sequences, or expressed sequence tags (ESTs), were obtained for 743 cDNA clones derived from developing seeds of castor (Ricinus communis L.). Enrichment for seed-specific cDNA clones was obtained by selecting clones that did not detectably hybridize to first-strand cDNA from leaf mRNA. Similarly, clones that hybridized to storage proteins or other highly abundant mRNA species from developing seeds were selected against. To enrich for endomembrane-associated proteins, some clones were selected for sequencing by immunological screening with antibodies prepared against partially purified endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the ESTs with the public data bases resulted in the assignment of putative identities of 49% of the clones selected by differential hybridization and 71% of the clones selected by immunological screening. Open reading frames in 100 of the ESTs exhibited higher homology to 78 different nonplant gene products than to any previously known plant gene product.
Use of Tetrazolium Salts for Electron Transport Studies in Meningopneumonitis III. Separation and Examination of Large and Small Particles

Purified suspensions of meningopneumonitis can be separated on potassium tartrate gradient into populations which are 80 to 90% large particles and those which are 90% small particles. Examination of the tetrazole reduction of both particle types indicates that the small particle has associated with it all of the enzymatic activity of the preparation; it also has associated with it most of the infectivity as well.
The Crusades and church art in the era of Las Navas de Tolosa

The art and architecture of Romanesque churches provided for fascinating manifestations of «crusade ideology» in the Iberian Peninsula during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Scenes of combat, imitations of the Holy Sepulcher, and grand eschatological visions of Christian triumph all appeared in church decor. This phenomenon is beautifully exhibited in two churches in the city of Toledo, in which the victory of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) is celebrated with vivid apocalyptic imagery and inscriptions. However, the same churches incorporate Islamic artistic styles as well, indicating the complexity of holy war in the cultural world of medieval Spain.
Global Capital Flows, Time-Varying Fundamentals and Transitional Exchange Rate Dynamics

In this paper, I investigate the effects of cross-border capital flows induced by the rate of risk-adjusted excess returns (Sharpe ratio) on the transitional dynamics of the nominal exchange rate's deviation from its fundamental value. For this purpose, a two-state time-varying transition probability Markov regime-switching process is added to the sticky price exchange rate model with shares. I estimated this model using quarterly data on the four most active floating rate currencies for the years 1973–2009: the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Japanese yen and the British pound. The results provide evidence that the Sharpe ratios of debt and equity investments influence the evolution of transitional dynamics of the currencies' deviation from their fundamental values. In addition, I found that the relationship between economic fundamentals and the nominal exchange rates vary depending on the overvaluation or undervaluation of the currencies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High enthalpy hypersonic boundary layer flow

A theoretical and experimental study of an ionizing laminar boundary layer formed by a very high enthalpy flow (in excess of 12 eV per atom or 7000 cal/gm) with allowance for the presence of helium driver gas is described. The theoretical investigation has shown that the use of variable transport properties and their respective derivatives is very important in the solution of equilibrium boundary layer equations of high enthalpy flow. The effect of low level helium contamination on the surface heat transfer rate is minimal. The variation of ionization is much smaller in a chemically frozen boundary layer solution than in an equilibrium boundary layer calculation and consequently, the variation of the transport properties in the case of the former was not essential in the integration. The experiments have been conducted in a free piston shock tunnel, and a detailed study of its nozzle operation, including the effects of low levels of helium driver gas contamination has been made. Neither the extreme solutions of an equilibrium nor of a frozen boundary layer will adequately predict surface heat transfer rate in very high enthalpy flows.
Design and measurement of /spl mu/A leakage current EMI filter

In this paper, a re-design of low power single-phase EMI filter where less than 100 /spl mu/A of leakage current as per UL 1206-1 standards will be presented. The recent current limit is more stringent for medical applications than the others. Hence there is need to revisit the EMI filter design. The two Y capacitors are the major contributors to the leakage current due to the equivalent series resistor (ESR). The three-Y capacitors are suggested for the strategy. The experimental data indicates that low leakage current is achieved and the filter provides an average of 67 dB insertion loss in the 150 kHz to 30 MHz band. Mutual coupling is investigated but it does not contribute to the leakage current at low power.
Performance of large distributed detection networks and the sign detector

A comparison is made of the performance of fusion and serial distributed networks and the centralized system when there are many local sensors. For the fusion network, the author compares its asymptotic efficacy to an approximation of the probability of error that is shown to predict performance more accurately when the signal is not vanishingly small. This result also applies to the sign detector, which is special case of the fusion network. For the serial network, no analytic performance equation is available for general noise. However, for Laplacian noise, the author shows that the performance is bounded as the number of processors increases. She compares the performance of the two networks numerically, using the framework of detecting a known signal in generalized Gaussian noise. The fusion network always performs better than the serial network for many sensors. The fusion network performs best in Laplacian noise and worst in nearly uniform noise. The serial network performs best in nearly uniform noise and worst in Laplacian noise. >
WikiLeaks: News in the Networked Era, by Charlie Beckett and James Ball

Why does WikiLeaks fascinate those interested in journalism, political communication, policy, or simply the future of the Internet? Perhaps it is because WikiLeaks, especially after its role in obt...
Controlling Sex Offender Reentry: Jessica's Law Measures in California

This paper examines current research on the effectiveness of electronic monitoring and residential restrictions in preventing recidivism amongst sex offenders in California, as well as the experiences of other states that have experimented with these techniques. The paper focuses on four questions: 1) What are the trends in California sex offense data and other states with sizable sex offender populations? 2) What does research and other state experiences tell us about the effectiveness of electronic monitoring in preventing recidivism and absconding of sex offenders? 3) What does research and other state experiences tell us about the effectiveness of residential restrictions in preventing recidivism of sex offenders? 4) In light of California's sex offender population, and CDCR's current methods for supervising paroled sex offenders, what challenges would CDCR and other state agencies likely face in implementing expanded electronic monitoring and residential restrictions? Note: The accompanying charts for this paper are not included, please contact author if you would like access to them.
Standardkosten II Die Abrechnungstechnik mit Standardkosten

Die Standardkosten werden gewohnlich in das bestehende Buchhaltungssystem eingebaut. Einige Unternehmen verwenden sie jedoch nur in der Betriebs-Statistik. Durch die Aufnahme der Standardkosten in die Belege und die Soll- und Habentechnik der Buchhaltung ist aber diese Art der Kostenverrechnung wesentlich besser systematisiert und wirksamer eingesetzt.
The multicode interleaved DSSS system for high speed wireless digital communications

An intersymbol interference (ISI) free spread spectrum system, named multicode interleaved direct sequence spread spectrum (MCI-DSSS) system, is proposed in this paper. By combining the multicode direct sequence spreading and block interleaving together, this system is able to provide high-speed data transmission over severe multipath frequency-selective fading channel While the ISI is resolved by the orthogonality of the code set used in the multicode spreading, high degree path diversity is exploited to overcome the significant dispersion of the channel which may have a delay spread much longer than one bit duration, Another advantage of this MCI-DSSS system over conventional multicode and multicarrier systems is its higher power efficiency as constant envelope modulations can be applied to the binary MCI-DSSS baseband signal. The principle of the multicode interleaved direct sequence spreading and the MCI-DSSS system models are described. The selection of practical code sets in relation to the system structures is summarized and numerical results are given.
Observations of Interannual Equatorial Freshwater Jets in the Western Pacific

AbstractObservations of TRITON moored array salinity and temperature in the very wet western equatorial Pacific at 137°E, 147°E, and 156°E since the late 1990s reveal the importance of rainfall to the interannual flow and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. Past work has shown that in this region a fresher surface isohaline layer is embedded in a thicker isothermal layer. Array estimates of dynamic height relative to the 50–70-m isothermal layer depth (ILD) indicate a near-surface salinity-driven contribution to the monthly sea level anomaly that is uncorrelated with, and smaller than, monthly anomalous sea surface height (SSH) estimated from altimeter data. Despite the smaller size of , its meridional gradient dominates the total sea level meridional gradient. Thus, the corresponding shallow equatorially trapped interannual freshwater jet dominates the near-surface zonal interannual flow. This jetlike flow has a meridional scale of only about 2°–3° of latitude, an amplitude of 23 cm s−1, and is...
Statistics of Richardson Number and Instability in Oceanic Internal Waves

Abstract The probability density function (pdf) of Richardson number in a Gaussian internal-wave field is derived. It is found to compare well with available data. The pdf depends on only parameter λ, the rms stain in the field, which is very weakly dependent on depth if at all. The probability Ri<0.25 is a very sensitive function of λ, which is about λ≈0.5 in the ocean. Numerical simulations of vertical profiles Ri(z) are calculated based on a set of stochastic differential equations. The statistics of the vertical distributions of regions where Ri<0.25 is investigated and a simplified mixing model based on the stochastic differential equations is derived. We conclude that shear instability is a significant factor in the dissipation of internal waves.
Modeling of electron injection and transport in conjugated polymers

Conjugated polymers are an important class of electronic and electro-optic materials. Nonlinear excitations are critical in determining the electrical and optical properties of these materials. Michael J. Rice was a pioneer in elucidating the nature and importance of nonlinear excitations in conjugated polymers. Here, we describe modeling of electron injection and transport in conjugated polymers that was strongly influenced by the seminal work of Michael Rice. We consider (i) charge transport in conjugated polymers based on a molecular fluctuation model and (ii) charge and spin injection at conjugated polymer/metal interfaces.
Does firm governance affect institutional investment?: Evidence from real estate investment trusts

Institutional investors typically hold large blocks of assets and are thus thought capable of realizing the benefits of monitoring managers’ activities. Yet, the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) environment is characterized by high free-rider costs and low incentives to monitor. Given this environment, institutions may choose to invest in firms with beneficial governance mechanisms in place. This study examines the impact of board composition and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) influence on the level of institutional investment and asks whether the existence of beneficial governance mechanisms is important in determining which REITs attract investment. After conducting Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions, a quasi-maximum likelihood model is estimated to resolve the problems associated with linear estimation of a fractional dependent variable. Robustness checks include re-estimating the models with the sample split into three size panels, and employing instrumental variables to control for potential ...
Measured performance of transport service in LANs

Abstract This paper attempts to organize, explain, and compare performance results reported for various implementations of a transport service realized by different protocols: OSI TP4/CLNS, TCP/IP, NETBLT, and VMTP. The study concentrates on the throughput and delays achieved in local-area networks.
Implicit Skolemization: efficient reference to dependent entities

A direct representation of functional reference is proposed, such as occurs in “All graduates received a job offer (at the job fair); all of them accepted their offer”. The approach makes use of a variant of dynamic predicate logic wherein the values of existentially quantified variables may be functions. The approach also appears helpful with respect to some other problems in semantic representation, in particular bridging anaphora and generic or frame/script-like knowledge.
FISCAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND THE PYRAMID MALL CASE

States and towns are increasingly using a new impact analysis technique (one that shows many of the virtues and vices of impact planning generally): fiscal impact analysis. In a recent celebrated case in Vermont, the Pyramid Mall case, in which a shopping center was refused a development permit under “Act 250”, Vermont's state–wide land use law, heavy use was made of fiscal impact analyses. This case raised serious issues about the financial and technical capability of the state – indeed any state – to administer fiscal impact analysis, and about the adequacy of the law to properly guide the use of impact analysis. The central question running throughout the Pyramid Mall case and the use of fiscal impact analyses in that case is whether the administration of land use controls pursuant to fiscal impact analysis is improper government control of competition. The Pyramid Mall case offers an illustration of the effort to control both competition among private units and competition among municipalities; a study of the case reveals the extent to which the effort is effective, optimal, and equitable. The inadequacy of the Vermont laws enabling fiscal impact analysis emerges, and the shallowness of existing judicial review of fiscal impact analysis becomes evident. Guidelines for a proper legal approach to fiscal impact analysis are suggested and alternative mechanisms of review are suggested.
Development of Cytodifferentiating Agents for Cancer Chemotherapy

Starting from the accidental observation that dimethylsulfoxide induces the differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells, compounds have been designed with increasing potency in transforming this and other cancer-cell types. The target for the most effective of the new compounds has been identified as histone deacetylase, whose natural substrate maps well onto the structures of the particularly effective compounds. Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that the best of the compounds are promising anticancer agents without excessive toxicity.
The role of immaturity in human development.

The possibility that infants' and young children's immature behaviors and cognitions are sometimes adaptive is explored and interpreted in terms of evolutionary theory. It is argued that developmental immaturity had an adaptive role in evolution and continues to have an adaptive role in human development. The role of developmental retardation in human evolution is discussed, followed by an examination of the relation between humans' extended childhood and brain plasticity. Behavioral neoteny, as exemplified by play, is examined, as are some potentially adaptive aspects of infants' perception and cognition that limit the amount of information they can process. Aspects of immature cognition during early childhood that may have some contemporaneous adaptive value are also discussed. It is proposed that viewing immaturity as sometimes adaptive to the developing child alters how children and their development are viewed. Nature wants children to be children before they are men. If we deliberately depart from this order, we shall get premature fruits which are neither ripe nor well flavored and which soon decay. We shall have youthful sages and grown up children. Childhood has ways of seeing, thinking, and feeling, peculiar to itself; nothing can be more foolish than to substitute our ways for them. —Jean Jacques Rousseau
Nitrogen Fixation in Termites

SOME termites can live on a diet of cellulose filter paper1. This characteristic prompted Hungate2 to question the possibility of N2 fixation in termites by estimating the N balance of growing termite colonies, but he found no net increase in total colony N. Toth3, on the other hand, incubated macerated termites in an N-free organic medium and observed an increase in fixed N in the solution. He used long incubation times, however, and possibly selected for N2-fixing organisms in the medium. We decided to reinvestigate the question of N2 fixation in termites by exploiting the sensitivity of the acetylene reduction assay, a reliable indicator of N2 fixation4,5. Preliminary reports of these results have already been published6,7.
Free Will and the Mind–Body Problem

Compatibilists regard subsumption under certain sorts of deterministic psychological laws as sufficient for free will. As bona fide laws, their existence poses problems for the thesis of the unalterability of laws, a cornerstone of the Consequence Argument against compatibilism. The thesis is challenged, although a final judgment must wait upon resolution of controversies about the nature of laws. Another premise of the Consequence Argument affirms the supervenience of mental states on physical states, a doctrine whose truth would not undermine the autonomy of psychological laws, a condition of free will. Requirements for compatibilist acceptance of physicalism are described.
Multipotent genetic suppression of retrotransposon-induced mutations by Nxf1 through fine-tuning of alternative splicing.

Cellular gene expression machinery has coevolved with molecular parasites, such as viruses and transposons, which rely on host cells for their expression and reproduction. We previously reported that a wild-derived allele of mouse Nxf1 (Tap), a key component of the host mRNA nuclear export machinery, suppresses two endogenous retrovirus-induced mutations and shows suggestive evidence of positive selection. Here we show that Nxf1CAST suppresses a specific and frequent class of intracisternal A particle (IAP)-induced mutations, including Ap3d1mh2J, a model for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and Atcayhes, an orthologous gene model for Cayman ataxia, among others. The molecular phenotype of suppression includes ∼two-fold increase in the level of correctly-spliced mRNA and a decrease in mutant-specific, alternatively-processed RNA accumulating from the inserted allele. Insertional mutations involving ETn and LINE elements are not suppressed, demonstrating a high degree of specificity to this suppression mechanism. These results implicate Nxf1 in some instances of pre-mRNA processing, demonstrate the useful range of Nxf1CAST alleles for manipulating existing mouse models of disease, and specifically imply a low functional threshold for therapeutic benefit in Cayman ataxia.
A MÖSSBAUER STUDY OF A SERIES OF RUTHENIUM(II) PENTAAMINES

Abstract The Mossbauer spectra of a series of ruthenium(II) pentaammines were obtained at 4.2°K. The trends in isomer shift and quadrupole splitting parameters can be related to the relative delocalization of the ruthenium t 2g electrons (“back bonding”) by the ligand X in the complexes, [Ru(NH3)5X]4n . The delocalization associated with the CO ligand is shown to be significantly greater than that for the N2 ligand in this series of complexes.
The economic burden of gynecologic cancers in California, 1998

Abstract Objective Our aim was to estimate the direct and indirect costs of gynecologic cancers including cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer in California in 1998. Methods Hospitalization costs, including costs of primary and secondary diagnoses of each of the gynecologic cancers, are derived from the California Patient Discharge dataset. Charges are converted to costs using hospital-specific cost-to-charge ratios and an imputed cost for HMO hospitalizations. Other direct medical costs are derived from the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Indirect mortality costs are the product of the number of deaths and the expected value of a female's future earnings, including an imputed value of housekeeping services. Results The total cost of the three gynecologic cancers in California is estimated at $624 million for 1998. Indirect costs or losses in productivity due to premature death are twice the direct medical care costs. Hospitalization inpatient costs account for more than half of total direct costs for each of these cancers. Total costs for ovarian cancer are highest among the three cancers. Conclusions The estimates presented here highlight the need for studies that identify cost-effective screening methods and the relationship between treatment protocols and outcomes. The methods presented here could be used to develop stage- or treatment-specific costs that would be useful for such analyses. Only through early detection and more effective management of gynecologic cancers can there be a reduction in the morbidity, premature death, and high costs of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers.
Absolute refractive index determination by microinterferometric backscatter detection.

Microinterferometric backscatter detection (MIBD) has previously been shown capable of measuring changes in the refractive index of liquids on the order of 10-7. The MIBD technique is based on interference of laser light after it is reflected from different regions in a capillary. These reflections generate an interference pattern that moves upon changing refractive index of the liquid in the capillary. The small-angle interference pattern traditionally considered has a repetition frequency in the refractive index space that limits the ability to measure refractive index-to-refractive index changes causing such a repetition. Such refractive index changes are typically on the order of three decades. Recent modeling and experiments with the MIBD technique have shown that other intensity variations in the pattern are present for larger backscattered angles. By considering these variations, we have shown two methods by which it is possible to extend the dynamic measurement range to make an absolute refractive...
HIGH TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF CANDIDATE VHTR HEAT EXCHANGER ALLOYS

Several nickel based solid solution alloys are under consideration for application in heat exchangers for very high temperature gas cooled reactors. The principal candidates being considered for this application by the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) project are Inconel 617 and Haynes 230. While both of these alloys have an attractive combination of creep strength, fabricability, and oxidation resistance a good deal remains to be determined about their environmental resistance in the expected NGNP helium chemistry and their long term response to thermal aging. A series of experiments has been carried out in a He loop with controlled impurity chemistries within the range expected for the NGNP. The influence of oxygen partial pressure and carbon activity on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloys 617 and 230 has been characterized. A relatively simple phenomenological model of the environmental interaction for these alloys has been developed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Analysis of plant harvest indices for bioregenerative life support systems

Harvest indices, which are measures of the ratio of edible to total plant weight, are redefined to include edible sugars derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose content of inedible plant components. Compositional analysis and carbohydrate contents of rapeseed, rice, soybeans, cowpea, wheat, sweet potato, white potato, and lettuce were analyzed to develop such generalized harvest indices. Cellulose conversion is shown to extend considerably the food available from plants otherwise grown for their oil and protein content in a bioregenerative life support system.
Physiological and cellular mechanisms of myocardial protection.

Background Despite 40 years of clinically successful open heart surgery, cardiac surgeons continue to seek the ideal myoprotective strategy to minimize perioperative myocardial damage and maximize clinical outcome. Although crude measures, such as length of hospital stay or operative mortality rate, may provide useful administrative data, the ultimate outcome measure of significance to the patient is the lack of operatively induced myocellular injury. Methods An ideal biological marker would thus quantitate the number of viable and functioning myocytes remaining postoperatively. The purpose of the present review was to develop the theoretical framework for modern approaches to intraoperative myocardial protection when considering the fundamental principles of physiological and cellular ischemic mechanisms. Results and Conclusions It is hoped that this review provides insight into the implementation of these fundamental concepts developed at the University of Illinois and applied in our present experiences in advanced myocardial muscle mechanics and molecular biology.
Cadillac Cuties and Hot Rod Heroes

Automobiles are ubiquitous in song lyrics. America's car culture has been integrated into popular recordings for more than a century. As early as 1905, popular Irish tenor Billy Murray scored a hit...
Prolactin granulogenesis is associated with increased secretogranin expression and aggregation in the Golgi apparatus of GH4C1 cells

The GH4C1 pituitary tumor cell line (GH cells) serves as a model system to study the role of the granins in the packaging of PRL into secretory granules. The number of secretory granules containing PRL and two members of the granin family, chromogranin-B (CgB) and secretogranin-II (SgII), can be hormonally manipulated. In the present study we have investigated whether 1) granulogenesis in GH cells is preceded by condensation of the granins and PRL in the Golgi; 2) granulogenesis is preceded by an increase in granin expression in GH cells; and 3) PRL and the granins aggregate in vitro under high calcium, low pH conditions. GH cells were treated for up to 3 days with 17 beta-estradiol (1 nM), insulin (300 nM), and epidermal growth factor (10 nM) and were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for immunocytochemistry or harvested for RNA isolation and Northern blot analysis. After 1 day of hormone treatment, there was a significant increase in staining for PRL and the granins in the Golgi apparatus, which was identifi...
Admittance of an aperture antenna radiating into a warm plasma half-space

An expression is derived for the admittance of an aperture radiating into a lossy warm overdense plasma half-space. The result is examined in the limiting cases of low and high electron temperatures.
Actor-network theory and anthropology after science, technology, and society

This essay makes a case for the value of actor-network theory (ANT) to anthropology beyond its most usual deployment in studies of science, technology, and society (STS). Through a review of two recent ANT works against both the longer-term development of the approach and common patterns of anthropological appropriation and critique over the past several years, it argues that `about-ANT' and `across-ANT' understandings that emphasize an applicability to technoscience or situations of hybridity should give way to `among-ANT' readings that highlight its quality as a domain-independent ontology of association. Most centrally, it offers a reading of the constitutive spatialities of ANT itself and of spatiality as an important ANT concern, with the suggestion that a greater appreciation for this dimension of the literature might form the basis of broader and more varied anthropological engagements.
Bifurcation of Bingham Streamline Topologies in Rectangular Double-Lid-Driven Cavities

Numerical simulation of the bifurcation of Bingham fluid streamline topologies in rectangular double-lid-driven cavity, with varying aspect (height to width) ratio A, is presented. The lids on the top and bottom move at the same speed but in opposite directions so that symmetric flow patterns are generated. Similar to the Newtonian case, bifurcations occur as the aspect ratio decreases. Special to Bingham fluids, the non-Newtonian indicator, Bingham number B, also governs the bifurcation besides the bifurcation parameter A.
Structure-activity relationships for various N-alkylcarbamyl esters of choline with selective nicotinic cholinergic properties

La methylcarbamylcholine (MCC) radiomarquee est utilisee pour explorer les sites nicotiniques au niveau du cerveau. L'addition de substituants aromatiques et cycloalkyls au niveau du N-carbamyl, attribue a ces substances des proprietes antagonistes de celles de la carbamylcholine. Dans cette etude, les auteurs explorent les effets d'une N-substitution, par des chaines alkyl de longueur variees, des esthers de carbamate de choline. Les produits ont ete evalues pour leurs capacites a entrer en competition avec la MCC, la nicotine et le quinuclidinylbenzylate au niveau des sites de fixation, ainsi que pour leur capacite a produire une prostration chez les rongeurs
Lymphocyte subpopulations in minimal change nephrotic syndrome

Abstract Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was characterized by a relative lymphocytopenia, a normal T-cell count, and a discordance between B cells enumerated by the presence of surface immunoglobulins (Bsig) and by C3B receptors (Beac). By either technique of B-cell count, the total number of T and B lymphocytes in MCNS exceeded that of controls, suggesting the presence of “double-marked” cells or decreased null cell population. This alteration in surface receptor characteristics of lymphocytes which was observed both in relapse and in remission, documents an abnormality, in MCNS, possibly of cell-mediated immunity, which may be relevant to its pathogenesis.
Surface Density of Large Lunar Craters

So that variations in cratering parameters on the lunar surface can be determined, the front face of the Moon has been divided into a grid of equiareal blocks. Various crater parameters can be measured for each block, and variations of the parameter can be shown diagrammatically by assigning the values of the parameter to the co-ordinates of the centre of the blocks and then constructing contours over the lunar disk.
Correction to “Preparation of monodisperse silica particles: Control of size and mass fraction” by G.H. Bogush, M.A. Tracy and C.F. Zukoski IV, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 104 (1988) 95–106

Abstract A minor, but critical error in Eq. (1) of the paper by Bogush et al. [G.H. Bogush, M.A. Tracy, C.F. Zukoski IV, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 104 (1988) 95] (referred to as Bogush in the following) leads to erroneous predictions of silica particle sizes for given reaction conditions. The published fit gives a 28% error in size predictions for the conditions used in Fig. 4 in Bogush. Bogush used the correct fitting formula in their work and the figures in their publication.
Reciprocal and Coordinate Regulation of Serum Amyloid A Versus Apolipoprotein A-I and Paraoxonase-1 by Inflammation in Murine Hepatocytes

Objectives— During inflammation, the serum amyloid A (SAA) content of HDL increases, whereas apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) decrease. It remains unclear whether SAA physicall...
The Structure and Changes of Technology in Prewar Japanese Agriculture: Comment

In a recent issue of this Journal, Nghiep presents an explanation of the structure and changes of technology in Japanese agriculture, 1903-38, using a translog cost-function approach. The interesting and unique feature of Nghiep's work is the application of a distributed lag scheme (Nerlove) to each of the derived cost share equations. The article relates the desired cost shares (S*) and actual cost shares (S) for factor input i at time period t as,
North American continental seasonality during the last millennium: high-resolution analysis of sagittal otoliths

Abstract δ 18 O (CaCO 3 ) values of late Holocene sagittal fish otoliths from Lake Erie provide a record of seasonal temperature variation for mid-western North America. Freshwater drum ( Aplodinotus grunniens ) sagittal otoliths obtained from Paleo-Indian middens, ranging in age from ≈ A.D. 985 to A.D. 1530 as well as a recent specimen, were sampled at a resolution representing time-averaging of as little as 3–5 days to estimate seasonal climatic variation over the last thousand years. Regional differences in climate, as well as asynchronous variation inferred by comparison with historical records of Europe, Greenland and Iceland, suggest that the climate trends of eastern North America may not always correspond to those of Europe or even the North Atlantic. Results suggest that summer temperatures of the Laurentian Great Lakes region at the beginning of the millennium were 2–6°C warmer, while winter temperatures may have been nearly 2°C cooler than the 20th century average. By the late 1200s, summer temperatures decreased to nearly modern values. In the 1400s and through the 1500s, summer maxima exhibited enhanced intra-annual variation as well as temperatures which were as much as 8°C cooler, while winter temperatures were 0.4–2.7°C warmer than 20th century values. An additional outcome of this research is the estimation of lake water δ 18 O values for several time periods throughout the Holocene. Mean annual temperatures inferred from δ 18 O (H 2 O) values display a decrease from A.D. 985 through at least A.D. 1530, concomitant with summer temperature trends. The long residence time of these large lakes suggests that secular trends in δ 18 O values must represent long-term variation in climate which can be used in concert with the short-term, high-resolution temperature record for a comprehensive estimation of climatic trends. Temperature variation and paleohydrology of the Great Lakes region is discussed in terms of variation in storm tracks and source region with time. δ 18 O values of lake water coupled with paleotemperature data suggest that changing climate is the result of secular variation in the position, shape, and strength of the circumpolar vortex.
Demonstration That C-Reactive Protein Decreases eNOS Expression and Bioactivity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells

Background— C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypic marker of inflammation, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency is a pivotal event in atherogenesis. Methods and Results— We tested the effect of CRP on eNOS expression and bioactivity in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). CRP decreased eNOS mRNA, protein abundance, and enzyme activity in HAECs. Furthermore, eNOS bioactivity assayed by cyclic GMP levels was significantly reduced by CRP. Preincubation of cells with CRP also significantly increased the adhesion of monocytes to HAECs. Conclusion— CRP causes a direct reduction in eNOS expression and bioactivity in HAECs, further supporting its role in atherogenesis.
Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: a theoretical integration

Summary Although organizational support theory and psychological contract theory both stress social exchange processes in the establishment and maintenance of the employee–employer relationship, they have focused on different aspects of this relationship. We suggest that, far from being independent, the different parts of the employee–employer association considered by the two theories are mutually interdependent. Further, key processes identified by each theory influence the relationships described by the other theory. To further the understanding of the employee–employer relationship, we provide an integrated account that emphasizes the interdependence of perceived organizational support and the psychological contract. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood Lead Levels of Wild Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from the Eastern United States

We analyzed 161 raccoon (Procyon lotor) blood samples obtained from New Jersey (n = 109), rural Pennsylvania (n = 29) and laboratory confined animals (n = 23) in the USA for lead content; we found significantly higher levels in the New Jersey raccoons (mean = 4.4 μg/dl, SE = 2.9). There was no difference between the lead levels of raccoons from the other two groups (mean = 2.6, SE = 0.5 and mean = 2.5, SE = 0, respectively).
Functional Roles and Foundational Characteristics of Psychologists in Integrated Primary Care

Psychologists are presented with unprecedented opportunities to integrate their work in primary care settings. Although some roles of psychologists in primary care overlap with those in traditional psychology practice settings, a number are distinct reflecting the uniqueness of the primary care culture. In this paper, we first describe the integrated primary care setting, with a focus on those settings that have components of patient centered medical home. We then describe functional roles and foundational characteristics of psychologists in integrated primary care. The description of functional roles emphasizes the diversity of roles performed. The foundational characteristics identified are those that we consider the ‘primary care ethic,’ or core characteristics of psychologists that serve as the basis for the various functional roles in integrated primary care. The ‘primary care ethic’ includes attitudes, values, knowledge, and abilities that are essential to the psychologist being a valued, effective, and productive primary care team member.
Overshoot in the Case of Normal Variables

Abstract A new formula, in the form of an infinite series, is derived for the limiting expected excess over the boundary of a sum of independent and identically distributed normal variables as the positive mean goes to zero. The first order correction for small positive mean is also derived by the same method.
Dual Career Marriages: Elements for Potential Success

Dual career marriages are a new phenomenon in the alternative family life-style scene in America. Working couples in general do not fit into the definition applied to this life-style. This is caused by the deep commitment that each partner feels for his or her work relationship. However, the 1980s will see significant increases in this group. There are joys and sorrows associated with dual career marriages. This article will examine the uniqueness of family and work relationships and will attempt to describe various ingredients that appear to lead to success in the two career partnership.
Deer and Understory Plant Responses to a Large-Scale Herd Reduction on a Georgia State Park

Abstract When white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) become overabundant within a park they disrupt park operations, reduce deer health, and threaten natural vegetative communities. At a heavily visited state park in Georgia, where deer were protected from hunting for >15 years, we used spotlight and camera surveys to estimate deer population density before and after a major herd reduction. We measured deer health and abundance of understory plants before and after the reduction. We compared these results to similar data from an adjacent wildlife management area (WMA) where deer were managed for 47 years by hunting. Only one year after removing 172 deer, plant species at the park increased 31% in spite of stable environmental conditions. In addition, before reduction, differences (P = 0.006) in number of plant species at the park versus the WMA became similar (P>0.05) after the removal. Live body weights of adult females and fawns (P<0.0001), physical condition scores (P = 0.0003) of tagged...
Status Differentials, Status Stability, and Interethnic Social Competition in Anglo-Americans and Mexican Americans

A 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design was employed to examine the relationship among status differentials, status stability, and intergroup social competition. The three independent variables were th...