cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Etomidate, Adrenal Function, and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients

BACKGROUND: In critically ill patients, induction with etomidate is hypothesized to be associated with an increased risk of mortality. Previous randomized studies suggest a modest trend toward an increased risk of death among etomidate recipients; however, this relationship has not been measured with great statistical precision. We aimed to test whether etomidate is associated with risk of hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2005, of 824 subjects requiring mechanical ventilation, who underwent adrenal function testing in the ICUs of 2 academic medical centers. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, comparing subjects given etomidate (n = 452) to those given an alternative induction agent (n = 372). The secondary outcome was diagnosis of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency following etomidate exposure. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 34.3%. After adjustment for age, sex, and baseline illness severity, the relative risk of death among the etomidate recipients was higher than that of subjects given an alternative agent (relative risk 1.20, 95% CI 0.99–1.45). Among subjects whose adrenal function was assessed within the 48 hours following intubation, the adjusted risk of meeting the criteria for critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency was 1.37 (95% CI 1.12–1.66), comparing etomidate recipients to subjects given another induction agent. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of critically ill patients requiring endotracheal intubation, etomidate administration was associated with a trend toward a relative increase in mortality, similar to the collective results of smaller randomized trials conducted to date. If a small relative increased risk is truly present, though previous trials have been underpowered to detect it, in absolute terms the number of deaths associated with etomidate in this high-risk population would be considerable. Large, prospective controlled trials are needed to finalize the role of etomidate in critically ill patients.
An interprocedural framework for determining efficient data redistributions in distributed memory machines

This paper presents a framework to find good distributions for the global arrays at different program points in the presence of procedure calls. The distributions are chosen for their ability to offset the re-distribution overheads by contributing significantly towards increasing the performance gains. The algorithm uses interprocedural analysis and dynamic programming techniques. The working of the algorithm has been demonstrated for a CFD kernel.
Recurrent Epstein-Barr virus-associated lesions in organ transplant recipients

Abstract Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and range from lymphoid hyperplasias to lymphomas. The authors report 11 transplant recipients with recurrent EBV-associated lesions. Four patients presented with EBV-positive mononucleosis-like lymphadenitis. One had recurrence of a similar lesion and the other three developed polymorphic PTLDs. Matched clonal studies in oae patient showed clonal lymphoid and EB viral populations in the recurrent lesion, but not in the initial lesion. Six patients presented with polymorphic PTLDs. Five later developed histologically dissimilar tumors that resembled non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (two B-cell and one T-cell origin), Hodgkin's disease (one patient), or smooth muscle tumor (one patient). Matched clonal studies were available from one patient and showed that the primary and recurrent lesions were clonally distinct. The sixth patient had recurrence of histologically and clonally identical polymorphic PTLD. One patient presented with monomorphic PTLD and developed recurrence of a clonally identical tumor after a 6-month remission. This study shows that a few patients with EBV-associated lesions have clinical recurrence, which may be either a relapse of the original process or a new EBV-associated lesion. In some patients, the new lesion appeared to represent a more fully developed malignancy than did the antecedent lesion.
Complications to Carbonate Melt Mobility due to the Presence of an Immiscible Silicate Melt

The relative interfacial energies of immiscible carbonate and silicate number of incompatible elements, and can be very mobile. Their mobility is a result of their low viscosities melts were investigated in olivine and clinopyroxene matrices. Carbonate melt has a higher melt–solid interfacial energy than does the [0·01–0·1 Pa s at temperatures >500°C, for a range of compositions (Dawson et al., 1990; Wolff, 1994; Dobson coexisting silicate melt. The silicate melt therefore selectively wets the grain-edge channels between solid phases, excluding the carbonate et al., 1996)] and their ability to form an interconnected grain-edge melt at low melt fractions. Dunitic assemblages melt to the center of melt pockets, away from grain edges. This prevents the carbonate melt from migrating independently of the (and probably other mineralogies) with an interconnected carbonate melt should have a high permeability to flow. silicate melt and the carbonate melt is unable to separate from the silicate melt in a solid-dominated assemblage. The carbonate melt These melts may transport a variety of trace elements and can infiltrate long distances into the country rock will migrate effectively only after the silicate melt has solidified, or by separating from the silicate melt within liquid-dominated reservoirs surrounding melt channels, altering the chemistry and isotopic systems of the host rock. Diffusion is fast within (sills, dikes, or chambers), unrestricted by solid interfaces. This relative wetting behavior may help explain the close association of these melts, so even a stagnant interconnected melt can greatly enhance the transport of trace and major elements carbonate and silicate magmas in alkali complexes, and their relative timing of emplacement. These results also place constraints on the (Watson, 1991). generation and separation of derivative melts in carbonated silicate The relative interfacial energy between grain–grain melt systems and on the style and timing of alkali wall-rock contacts and grain–fluid contacts can be parameterized metasomatism. by the dihedral angle, the angle subtended at a fluid– grain–grain junction. Dihedral angles >60° indicate that system interfacial energy is minimized by reducing the contact of the fluid with the solid, whereas systems with dihedral angles <60° minimize interfacial energy by
Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the retina.

The retina transforms light entering the eye into a sophisticated neural representation of our visual world. Specialized synapses, cells and circuits in the retina have evolved to encode luminance, contrast, motion and other complex visual features. Although a great deal has been learned about the cellular morphology and circuitry that underlies this image processing, many of the synapses in the retina remain incompletely understood. For example, excitatory synapses in the retina feature the full panoply of glutamate receptors, but, with few exceptions (DeVries, 2000; Sagdullaev et al., 2006), specific roles for different receptor subtypes are unclear. In this brief review, I will discuss recent progress toward understanding how Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-GluARs) contribute to synaptic transmission and newly discovered forms of synaptic plasticity in the retina.
A Wnt-fall for Gene Regulation: Repression

A major endpoint of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is a change in the transcription of target genes. The transcription factors lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and T cell factor (TCF) serve as the main gatekeepers of these changes by selecting genes to be targeted by the transcriptional coregulator beta-catenin and by defining how target gene expression will be altered. Most research has focused on LEF/TCF:beta-catenin-mediated activation of transcription, but there have been some reports that suggest that this complex also directly represses transcription. A recent study uncovered a new mode of repression of Wnt target genes in which recognition of a novel DNA element by TCF specifies that beta-catenin acts as a transcriptional repressor.
Decision support for water policy: a review of economic concepts and tools

This article reviews research on the application of economic concepts and tools to the analysis of the preservation, conservation, development, consumption, supply and allocation of water resources. It summarizes research on economic analysis to support policy formulation, implementation and evaluation, including both project appraisal and the design of institutions. Economic analysis can support ex post analysis of existing mechanisms that influence the allocation of water: Such mechanisms include laws, regulations, supply management, demand management, population and climate change. Economic analysis can also be used to conduct ex ante analysis to design future water allocation institutions. These institutions include various forms of marginal cost pricing, valuation of water in alternative uses, water quality management, optimization models, integrated supply and demand management, transboundary management, virtual water, decentralized management, common property institutions and watershed councils.
Land Subsidence Symposium

The Second International Symposium on Land Subsidence was held in Anaheim, California. December 13–17, 1976. Organized by the AGU within the framework of Unesco's International Hydrological Program, it was sponsored jointly by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, International Association of Hydrogeologists, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, U.S. National Committee for Scientific Hydrology, and Unesco. Papers presented ranged from mathematical modeling studies through general descriptions of project progress and subsidence case histories to legal and economic aspects of subsidence. The program was very broad in scope, covering theory, investigation, measurement, prediction, and control of subsidence, including land-surface sinking resulting from withdrawal of water, oil, or gas, dewatering of organic deposits, hydrocompaction, extraction of solids by mining, and collapse of limestones.
Does Memory Development Belong on an Endangered Topic List

Although memory has long been regarded as a central and well-defined topic within the field of cognitive development, developments in and related to the study of memory increasingly suggest that the study of memory needs to be situated in a number of broader conceptual and research contexts. Four of these contexts are identified here and the ways they accommodate memory phenomena are examined: (1) knowledge (what is remembered?); (2) comprehension (what does it mean?); (3) context/function (why remember?); and (4) strategy (how to remember?). Memories, it is suggested, are best examined as knowledge structures that are the product of efforts to understand and to know, and memorizing is a socially situated activity undertaken in the service of individual or social goals.
Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis: Organization and Growth of the MNE

Economic analysis traditionally has treated the firm as a single decision-making center, as if one mind were absorbing all relevant data and making all decisions on the basis of well-formulated objectives. In fact, decision making is decentralized within firms, and the decisions reached can be colored by the structure of internal organization chosen by the firm and the incentives and resources that it provides to its various groups of functional specialists. This coloration arises from precisely the costs of information and transactions discussed in Chapter 1. The multinational enterprise (MNE) enjoys certain advantages over the arm's-length market, but they must trade against the organizational costs and constraints that the firm encounters in coordinating multinational operations. Therefore, an examination of the MNE's internal structure is a logical extension of the transaction-cost model of the MNE's underlying rationale. This should aid understanding of how the firm will respond to both market stimuli and public policies. Expansion of the Firm An apt starting point is the process of the growth of the firm, as it pertains to the MNE. We can link the transaction-cost model of the MNE to constraints on the firm's process of growth and adjustment and to evidence on riskiness and turnover in multinational activities. Adjustment Costs in Expansion of the MNE The transaction-cost approach to the MNE can explain the course of the firm's development over time, as well as its pattern of activities at a given time.
A Coordinated Public Response to School Bullying

This paper outlines a coordinated public response to bullying, including cyber bullying, in the nation's public schools. Pediatric professionals have long recognized bullying as a form of child abuse, perpetrated by other children rather than by adults. With recent national surveys confirming that bullying in school has reached epidemic proportions, the American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health now identify it as a public health crisis. An effective response to bullying summons all components of the pediatric safety system, the public network charged with protecting children from physical and emotional harm. The network extends primarily to the schools, the juvenile and criminal courts, the child protective agency and perhaps the mental health agency, and law enforcement. The new frontier is cyber bullying, which pediatric professionals now identify as a risk factor contributing to childhood and adolescent suicide. News headlines reporting suicides show that a few keystrokes can inflict hurt even more severe than fists or playground confrontations because Internet postings can hound the victim around the clock and off the campus. After measuring the devastating immediate and lasting damage that school bullying can inflict on its participants (the bullied, the bystanders and the bullies themselves), this paper stresses the need for effective bullying prevention programs in the schools. The paper describes the reported effectiveness of rigorously evaluated programs, and analyzes the shortcomings in state legislation that requires schools to maintain anti-bullying policies. Finally, the paper explores the central roles that the various members of the pediatric safety system play, consistent with First Amendment constraints, in the effort to prevent bullying and react firmly to incidents that occur. The paper presents public strategies that comply with constitutional guidelines.
Effects of Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) on Trichloroethene (TCE) Dechlorination by a Dehalococcoides mccartyi-Containing Microbial Community

The application of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) to extinguish chlorinated solvent-fueled fires has led to the co-contamination of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater and soil. Although reductive dechlorination of TCE by Dehalococcoides mccartyi is a frequently used remediation strategy, the effects of AFFF and PFASs on TCE dechlorination are not well-understood. Various AFFF formulations, PFASs, and ethylene glycols were amended to the growth medium of a D. mccartyi-containing enrichment culture to determine the impact on dechlorination, fermentation, and methanogenesis. The community was capable of fermenting organics (e.g., diethylene glycol butyl ether) in all AFFF formulations to hydrogen and acetate, but the product concentrations varied significantly according to formulation. TCE was dechlorinated in the presence of an AFFF formulation manufactured by 3M but was not dechlorinated in the presence of formulations from two other manufacturers. Experiments amended with AFFF-derived PFASs and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) indicated that dechlorination could be inhibited by PFASs but that the inhibition depends on surfactant concentration and structure. This study revealed that the fermentable components of AFFF can stimulate TCE dechlorination, while some of the fluorinated compounds in certain AFFF formulations can inhibit dechlorination.
Representing monads

We show that any monad whose unit and extension operations are expressible as purely functional terms can be embedded in a call-by-value language with “composable continuations”. As part of the development, we extend Meyer and Wand's characterization of the relationship between continuation-passing and direct style to one for continuation-passing vs. general “monadic” style. We further show that the composable-continuations construct can itself be represented using ordinary, non-composable first-class continuations and a single piece of state. Thus, in the presence of two specific computational effects - storage and escapes - any expressible monadic structure (e.g., nondeterminism as represented by the list monad) can be added as a purely definitional extension, without requiring a reinterpretation of the whole language. The paper includes an implementation of the construction (in Standard ML with some New Jersey extensions) and several examples.
Analysis of Human Factors Case Studies of Complex Military Systems: Here's How We Can do Better

People in nearly every occupational setting can provide examples of poor system design. The focus for this paper is on an analysis of design problems found in complex military command and control systems and the ways in which these types of problems can be avoided in future system design. The source of data for this analysis was a group of case studies of sixteen U.S. military systems written by officer-students at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Systems analyzed include aircraft systems, communications systems, the M-16 rifle, a missile defense system, a message processing system, weapon systems, and decision support systems. Documented problems with system use were categorized according to the following measures of effectiveness: Performance, Safety, Usability, Reliability, Maintainability, Time and Cost to Train, and Workload. The number of problems encountered per system ranged from one to nine; the mean number of reported problems per system was 4.9. IEEE 1220-1998 includes a revised sys...
On Urbanization Indices

As the Natick subdivisions age their first 15 years, the proportion of occupants with less than five years' residence falls. With this drop in the proportion of new residents a change occurs in the age distribution of children in the subdivisions. New residents in owner-occupied subdivisions have more children aged 0-5 than old residents in the same subdivision, and fewer children aged 12-17. As the subdivisions age, and the proportion of new residents falls, the number of children aged 0-5 drops and the number of children aged 12-17 rises, both tending to approach the number of children predicted for these age groups by births in the community as a whole. These relationships suggest the fruitfulness of using housing data in the prediction of school enrollment in residential subdivisions. It will take further research to explain the high birth rate of new home owners in this type of subdivision. The relationships examined here are necessarily limited to subdivisions of a particular type drawing a particular socio-economic class. Exploration of the complex of motivations involved may contribute to knowledge of the factors influencing residential mobility.
Density of repelling fixed points in the Julia set of a rational or entire semigroup, II

In [13] there is a survey of several methods of proof that the Julia set of a rational or entire function is the closure of the repelling cycles, along with a discussion of which of those methods can and cannot be extended to the case of semigroups. In particular that paper presents an elementary proof based on the ideas of [11] that the Julia set of either a non-elementary rational or entire semigroup is the closure of the set of repelling fixed points. This paper serves as a brief follow up to [13] by showing that the ideas of [3] can also be used to provide an elementary proof for the semigroup case. It also touches upon some key differences between the dynamics of iteration and the dynamics of semigroups.
Interaction between display dynamics and handling qualities in manual control tasks

New advanced displays have shown to alter the flying qualities of piloted aircraft. Present handling qualities specifications do not include the effect of the display. A preliminary analysis of the influence of the display in a single axis tracking task is performed. The display is modelled by a set of parameters and a relation with tracking performance and pilot ratings is established via fixed-base simulation.
Hemodynamic Characteristics of Primary Aldosteronism

Abstract As compared with 30 matched patients with essential hypertension, 16 with primary aldosteronism had a higher heart rate (p<0.02), cardiac index (p<0.01) and mean rate of left ventricular ejection (p<0.025). A clinically evident hyperkinetic circulatory state was more frequent in primary aldosteronism (six of 16) than in essential hypertension (four of 30). Cardiac index correlated inversely with diastolic pressure in primary aldosteronism (r = -0.661, p<0.01). Better surgical results were obtained in patients who had the higher cardiac output before operation. Plasma volume was 103 per cent of normal ± 2.7 (S.E.) in primary aldosteronism, 111 per cent ± 2.6 in 10 patients with hypervolemic hypertension, and 86 per cent ± 2.1 in 20 with hypovolemic hypertension. In both the hypovolemic group and primary aldosteronism, plasma volume correlated inversely with peripheral resistance (r = -0.531, p<0.05 and r = -0.610, p<0.02, respectively), so that for any level of resistance, plasma volume was higher...
Tension production and thin-filament protein isoforms in developing rat myocardium

The calcium sensitivity of tension production and the expression of troponin I (TnI) and troponin T (TnT) isoforms in skinned neonatal (7 days after birth) and adult rat myocardium were determined. Isometric tension was measured after activation at a known resting sarcomere length in ventricular trabeculae at adult and, for the first time, neonatal ages. Analysis of the tension-pCa relationships indicates a greater calcium sensitivity (approximately 0.3 pCa units) in neonatal ventricular trabeculae compared with adult trabeculae. The maximal isometric tension-generating ability (i.e., tension-tissue cross-sectional area) is threefold greater in adult compared with neonatal trabeculae. Developmental transitions in TnI and TnT isoform expression in atrial and ventricular tissue were examined simultaneously and were found to be dissimilar. Shifts in the expression of TnT isoforms precede shifts in TnI isoforms in ventricular tissue. The opposite pattern occurs in atrial tissue, with shifts in TnI preceding those in TnT. The results show that the greater calcium sensitivity of neonatal compared with adult rat ventricular tissue is associated with developmental changes in both TnT and TnI isoform expressions. These isoform expression patterns may facilitate myocardial tension production at the neonatal stage, when the tension-generating ability of individual trabeculae is much lower than that in the adult.
The Application of Ileal Conduits in Pediatric Renal Transplantation

AbstractOur experience with the use of ileal conduits as receptors of renal homografts in 5 of 41 transplant recipients during the preceding 4 years is described. These 5 chronic renal failure patients were between 6 months and 17 years old, and had unsalvageable bladders that required an ileal conduit at an elective time before transplantation. The causes of renal failure in these children included dysplasia and chronic urinary tract infection. In an attempt to retard the rate of renal insufficiency all patients underwent multiple operative procedures on the lower urinary tract. Two cadaveric and 3 kidneys from living relatives were transplanted. One infant (6 months old) died of severe fluid and electrolyte imbalance 5 days post-transplantation. Of the remaining patients 3 are now 2 to 3½ years post-transplantation and exhibit normal homograft function, and 1 died recently of chronic rejection. All conduits functioned well without evidence of ureteroileal obstruction, significant infection or stomal ste...
Cardiovascular side effects of small molecule therapies for cancer.

Targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors of protein kinases, have improved the prognosis for patients with a wide range of cancers. Several of these classes of therapies are associated with cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae. These include heart failure or an asymptomatic decline in ejection fraction, peripheral and cardiac ischemic events, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias and QT-prolongation. This review will focus on the following targeted therapies: BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway (VSP) inhibitors as well as mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) inhibitors. The HER2/ErbB2 inhibitors trastuzumab and pertuzumab are important targeted therapies used in the treatment of breast cancer that have been reviewed in detail elsewhere and will not be discussed in this review.1 Table 1 summarizes the cardiovascular side effects of small molecule therapies for cancer.2 View this table: Table 1 Cardiovascular Side effects of Small Molecule Therapies for Cancer BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors are an important advance in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and the cardiovascular side effects have been extensively reviewed by Moslehi et al.3 Imatinib, a first generation TKI was followed by the second generation TKIs nilotinib, dasatinib and bosutinib and the third-generation agent ponatinib. Imatinib has a low incidence of cardiomyopathy and heart failure, with sequential imaging studies demonstrating rates of left ventricular dysfunction comparable to expected population incidence.4 The heart failure and cardiomyopathy rates for dasatinib were similar …
Subjective Temporalities at Play

Background. Despite the increasing attention given by scholars and designers to time as a game variable, an overlooked topic is subjective temporality in play. Aim. This article addresses the issue of subjective temporality in play, with a focus on gaming simulations. The purpose of this article is to shed light on how different ludic elements can influence players' diachronic identities. Method. The related concepts of sameness and selfhood are applied in analyzing CITIES: SKYLINES, EUROPA UNIVERSALIS IV and PILLARS OF ETERNITY. A quantitative survey was distributed online among users of the three case studies n:387 participants. Instrument items included playing habits, sameness and selfhood and the triggering gaming traits. Results. Specific categories of features are able to foster selfhood and sameness experiences with various outcomes in terms of the subjects' satisfaction, interpretation and autonomy. Conclusions. Implications of the study are noteworthy for a practitioners interested in deepening time routines in games through an audiences' lens and b researchers, who may take inspiration to stress and expand the topic with further focuses and research designs.
Contraction of Blood Clots Is Impaired in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Objective— Obstructive thrombi or thrombotic emboli are the pathogenic basis of ischemic stroke. In vitro blood clots and in vivo thrombi can undergo platelet-driven contraction (retraction), resulting in volume shrinkage. Clot contraction can potentially reduce vessel occlusion and improve blood flow past emboli or thrombi. The aim of this work was to examine a potential pathogenic role of clot contraction in ischemic stroke. Approach and Results— We used a novel automated method that enabled us to quantify time of initiation and extent and rate of clot contraction in vitro. The main finding is that clot contraction from the blood of stroke patients was reduced compared with healthy subjects. Reduced clot contraction correlated with a lower platelet count and their dysfunction, higher levels of fibrinogen and hematocrit, leukocytosis, and other changes in blood composition that may affect platelet function and properties of blood clots. Platelets from stroke patents were spontaneously activated and displayed reduced responsiveness to additional stimulation. Clinical correlations with respect to severity and stroke pathogenesis suggest that the impaired clot contraction has the potential to be a pathogenic factor in ischemic stroke. Conclusions— The changeable ability of clots and thrombi to shrink in volume may be a novel unappreciated mechanism that aggravates or alleviates the course and outcomes of ischemic stroke. The clinical importance of clot or thrombus transformations in vivo and the diagnostic and prognostic value of this blood test for clot contraction need further exploration.
Association of weight perception and desire to quit smoking

Rationale: Smoking cessation is often accompanied by weight gain and weight concern may be a potential barrier to smoking cessation. Objective: To assess whether weight perception is associated with desire to quit smoking. Methods: We used data from a prospective cohort of smokers undergoing routine health maintenance examinations from 2008-2010 as part of a corporate wellness plan conducted by EHE International. Participants reported their smoking history and desire to quit smoking. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight; ideal BMI was estimated from participants9 response of their ideal weight. Based on the difference between ideal and perceived BMI, smokers perceptions were classified as having an ideal weight, somewhat above ideal weight (2-4 units above ideal BMI), and far above ideal weight (>4 units above ideal BMI). We fitted a logistic regression model to evaluate factors associated with desire to quit. Results: Of 2831 smokers, the mean age was 39 years; 61% were male; and 69% were white. Overall, 23% were obese and 38% overweight. Logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, race, marital status, BMI, and pack-years smoked, showed that weight perception was independently associated with the desire to quit smoking. Compared with smokers who perceived being within their ideal weight, those who perceived being somewhat above their ideal weight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.70) or far above their ideal weight (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.08-2.17) were more likely to report wanting to quit smoking. Conclusions: Perception of being overweight or obese is associated with increased desired to quit and may be used as a motivator to smoking cessation.
Changing views of work and family roles: A symbiotic perspective

Abstract This paper criticizes work and family research for viewing work and family largely as conflicting role responsibilities. This occurs in spite of evidence that work and family role responsibilities appear to be mutually beneficial for both work and family systems. Using biological analogies, this paper suggests that it may be useful to examine work and family relationship from a symbiotic perspective. This includes both parasitism and mutualism. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which this analogy could guide future research efforts in work and family roles.
[(1,2,5,6-η)-Cyclo­octa-1,5-diene](1-ethyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-imidazol-2-yl­idene-κC2)(tri­phenylphosphane-κP)iridium(I) tetra­fluorido­borate

In the title compound, [Ir(C8H12)(C8H14N2)(C18H15P)]BF4, the cationic complex has the anti­cipated square-planar geometry. The asymmetric unit comprises the iridium complex and one tetra­fluorido­borate anion. The space group is non-centrosymmetric, with the Flack parameter of 0.007 (3) well determined, and confirms the hand for the complex cation. This compound shows promising catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation reactions.
An overview of the American trauma system.

Abstract The American trauma system is designed to provide an organized response to injury. It draws its foundations from lessons learned from America's involvement in the wars of the 20th century as well as principles developed in urban community hospitals. Although run at the local and state government level, it is guided by national societies and has become a world class example. It also currently faces challenges with declining reimbursement and providing equal access to care for all Americans. Professional societies and legislative bodies are continuing to work together for fair and equitable solutions to these issues.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Parkinson’s Disease—a Mini-Review

Sleep disturbances in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are very common and debilitating. In fact, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) shares core symptomology with PD including cognitive disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness. This narrative review aims to summarize the available research evaluating OSA in PD and provide treatment considerations based on available data. Pathophysiological evidence suggests a possible increased risk for OSA in PD, yet rates of OSA in PD appear to be similar to that seen in the general older adult population. The relationship between OSA and cognitive disturbances as well as excessive daytime sleepiness in PD has been evaluated and there is some evidence improvement in sleep and sleepiness with OSA treatment. Discrepant results have led to a debate on the relevance of OSA in PD and there is little agreement in current research and firm clinical conclusions are hard to ascertain. Nonetheless, research suggests that treatment of OSA can be tolerated by patients with PD and treatment results in sleep improvements.
Can Interactive Systems Be Designed for Conviviality?: A Case Study

Can interactive systems be designed for conviviality? A response in the affirmative comes in the form of two convivial tools, Helping Hand and Tilting Table, that empower individuals suffering limitations in reaching and dexterity. Our interdisciplinary team developed Helping Hand and Tilting Table as analogues to a home builder's power tools, but here advanced by mechatronics and transported to home and workplace. This paper presents the two tools in the context of routine, domestic and working tasks, speaks to their design and basic behaviors, and offers an overview of their formative user evaluation involving older adults as part of an iterative, human-centered design process. Helping Hand and Tilting Table serve as design exemplars of enabling technologies targeting people with limitations in performing everyday tasks. But more broadly, striving for conviviality is what this paper hopes to encourage in designers.
Laser Direct Writing of Idealized Cellular and Biologic Constructs for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Conventional tissue engineering typically involves homogenously seeding cells into a scaffold, then manipulating the scaffold either mechanically, using bioreactors, or chemically, using growth factors, in an attempt to tailor the mechanical and biological properties of the engineered tissue. The material composition of the scaffold gives the construct its initial strength; then the scaffold either remodels or dissolves when implanted in the body. An ideal tissue replacement scaffold would be biocompatible, biodegradable, implantable, and would match the strength of the tissue it is replacing, and would remodel by natural mechanisms [1]. Finding or creating scaffold materials that meet all these specifications while providing an environment for cell attachment and proliferation is one of the main goals of conventional tissue engineering. Popular current scaffold materials include poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) [2] and collagen [3]. Typically, the utilization of scaffolds in tissue engineering employs a top-down approach in which cells are seeded homogenously into the scaffold, then incubated in vitro prior to implantation. Scaffold properties, such as geometric dimensions (e.g., thickness) and cellular in-growth, are limited by the diffusion of nutrients, since these scaffolds do not incorporate vascular structures to transport nutrients and remove wastes deep into the scaffold as in native tissue [4]. Although seeded scaffolds have proven successful in some cases, there remains the need to have greater control of cell placement as well as the placement of additional features such as vascular structures, multiple cell types, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that will aid in the fabrication of the next generation of engineered tissues.
Synergistic action of cyclodiene insecticides with DDT on the membrane of giant axons of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.).

Abstract The mode or even the site of action of the cyclodiene insecticides have not yet been defined. On the basis of earlier investigations (1,2,3,4) as reviewed by Winteringham and Lewis (5), it is generally agreed that they affect the central nervous system. In insects at least, they do not produce the peripheral effects described for DDT (6,7). Although evidence for ganglionic effects has been presented (2,3), central nervous system axonal membrane has not been eliminated as a possible site of action. During the course of looking for such action, it was discovered that cyclodienes and DDT have a joint action on the axonal membrane of the giant fibers of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.) which cannot be explained on the basis of independent effects.
Coating birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seed with CaCO3 and rock phosphate: Early seedling development in controlled environments

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) can improve the N status and forage quality of low-input hill-land pastures. However, establishment failures are common and have been attributed to poor seedling vigor. Economic and topographic constraints limit the use of traditional soil amelioration approaches in much of the Appalachian region. Therefore, a controlled environment study was conducted to determine the effect of chemical coatings on early seedling growth and nodulation in birdsfoot trefoil. Seeds of cultivars AU-Dewey and Fergus were scarified, inoculated and coated with CaCO3, rock phosphate, a 1:1 mixture of the CaCO3 and rock phosphate, or soil. Fertilized Berks (Typic Dystrochrept) soil was limed or not limed and represented the main plots of the study. Soil solution Al3+ activity in non-limed soil was 38 μM and would be phytotoxic. Each treatment was replicated four times and maintained in a controlled environment. Plants grown on limed soil had 7, 5, and 3 times greater shoot mass, leaf number, and crown zone nodule numbers, respectively, than plants grown on non-limed soil. Chemical seed coatings doubled most parameter responses compared to soil coating when grown in non-limed soil. Coating seed with rock phosphate did not affect nodulation on non-limed soil, whereas nodulation was improved on limed soil. Seed coating had little effect on limed soil suggesting an ameliorative effect of coating on soil acidity in the seedling rhizosphere which would be beneficial when establishing legumes in acidic soil environments.
Metallothionein and Metallothionein-Like Proteins: Physiological Importance

Since the initial demonstration of a low-molecular weight cadmium-binding protein in mammals, the research on the function of these proteins, which also can bind Cu, Zn, and Hg, has been focused primarily on their detoxifying properties. Such a direction is understandable, since the synthesis of the proteins can be induced by these potentially toxic metal ions. These proteins, isolated from mammals, have structural characteristics that are very different from those of most proteins, such as having 30% of the amino acid residues as cysteine and having the capacity to bind 7 mol of cadmium, zinc, or mercury or 12 mol copper per mole of protein. The binding of metal to these proteins is through thiol bonding, and therefore, the name metallothionein was proposed and accepted (throughout the text metallothionein will be denoted as MT).
Cas9 immunity creates challenges for CRISPR gene editing therapies.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 is a genome-editing technology1,2 that utilizes archaeal and bacterial Cas9 nucleases to introduce double-stranded breaks in DNA at targeted sites. These breaks can be used to remove, replace, or add pieces of DNA. While not the first genome editor, CRISPR-Cas9 is efficient and cost-effective because cutting is guided by a strand of RNA rather than a protein. The potential uses in health care are plentiful, from disrupting dominant genes that cause cancer3 to repairing mutated genes that cause genetic diseases, such as muscular dystrophy4. Therapeutic approaches based on this technology fill the preclinical pipeline, and rely on the use of viral vectors to deliver the Cas9 gene and guide RNA to a gene of interest. However, concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of CRISPR-Cas9 use in gene therapy remain. A pre-print released prior to peer review has recently underlined the question of whether immunological responses to Cas9 may negatively impact its clinical use5. Here we discuss the implications of this finding for the application of CRISPR/Cas in gene therapy.
A taxonomy for financial services selling

The financial services industry accounts for almost half of the country’s nonfarm, commercial profit, making the industry a major driver of the economy. Prior to this study, limited information was...
QUANTITATION OF MITRAL VALVE STRAIN IN NORMALS AND IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

Few data exist on mitral valve (MV) deformation during systole in humans. 3D echocardiography allows for dynamic MV imaging, enabling digital modeling of MV function in health and disease. 3D transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 32 patients with normal MV, and 48 with mitral valve
A 52-dB Self-Interference Rejection Receiver using RF Code-Domain Signal Processing

This paper presents a code-domain receiver (RX) for simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) applications. The RX achieves 52 dB of transmitter self-interference (TX SI) rejection through the application of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques at the antenna. The rejection is achieved through a cascade of code notch (CN) and code pass (CP) filters operating at the same center frequency. The integrated RX is tunable from 0.25 GHz to 1.25 GHz with 39 dB of gain at 1 GHz. The RX is implemented in a 45-nm CMOS SOI process and occupies an area of 2.6 mm2 including the filters, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and baseband circuits.
One-step Heck Reaction Generates Nonimmunosuppressive FK506 Analogs for Pharmacological BMP Activation

FKBP12 ligands such as FK506 have been shown to activate the BMP signaling pathway and facilitate tissue regeneration. However, the immunosuppressive activity of FK506 limits its clinical application. Using Heck reaction, we generated nonimmunosuppressive analogs of FK506 by fusing heterocycles to the calcineurin (CN) binding domain of FK506. Structure-activity relationships provided novel mechanistic insights into the FK506-CN interaction that can be exploited for rational design of future analogs.
Education for a technological world

The "First Annual Deans Summit" met in October 2001 to address the issues of technological literacy. The meeting was described in the May 2002 (Volume 45) issue of IEEE Transactions on Education [1]. The concerns expressed in the article Partnerships Take the Lead: A Deans Summit on Education for a Technological World were hopefully well received by both technology and general educators as a challenge. This paper describes an ongoing effort to meet this challenge.
A Prospective Longitudinal Investigation of Cortical Thickness and Gyrification in Schizophrenia.

Background:Cortical thickness (CT) and gyrification are complementary indices that assess different aspects of gray matter structural integrity. Both neurodevelopment insults and acute tissue respo...
Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Annihilation Gamma Yield from C-11 and C-12 Irradiation in Water and PMMA Phantoms

With technical advances in radioactive isotope generation, isotopes with positron decay (PDI) become a viable alternative to their stable counterparts for hadron therapy. Due to substantial signal boosting for positron emission tomography (PET), PDI is promising for accurate and precise online beam range (R B ) verification. In this study, we quantified the online beam range verification ability of C-11 ion beams for PET imaging. Geant4 was used to simulate the dose and gamma photon distributions inside the phantom generated from C-11 and C-12 ion beams impinging water and PMMA phantoms. Quark Gluon String Pre-compound (QGSP), Binary Ion Cascade (BIC) and High Precision (HP) Neutron model physics-list was used to govern the relevant physics processes for four therapeutic energies (E T ) (to reach the same penetration depth at each energy level for two carbon species). The annihilation gammas (AGs) were determined by a PET system in GATE and the retrace-back method. AG yields with different acquisition times from start of ion history were compared between C-11 and C-12 beams. Exactly after the beam was turned on, AG with time tag ≤ 5 minutes were collected and analyzed. For the water phantom at the lowest E T , the measured AG from C-11 was 8 folds higher than that from C-12 beam, while dropped to 1.09 folds for the highest E T . In general, with the increasing E T , AG yield rates increased for both species. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of AG distribution peaks were 0.61 mm and 3.3 mm for C-11 at the lowest and highest E T respectively. The results in PMMA were similar to those in water. The simulation results show that C-11 is an excellent candidate for accurate and precise online R B verification using PET.
Models of Data Governance and Advancing Indigenous Genomic Data Sovereignty

While there has been considerable deliberation about ownership and stewardship of genomic data, as of yet, there does not exist a singular framework that encapsulates the current and future trajectory of how these data governance models can exist for Indigenous communities. We succinctly describe two case studies in the Akimel O'odham (Pima) communities that demonstrate the spectrum of data governance structures, in which tribal members have no input to complete control of data collection and usage. We describe (1) tribal-trust relationships, (2) non-tribal partnerships, and (3) tribally-driven models in context of an Indigenous people whose genomic and health data have been widely misused and exploited by outside researchers and the new narrative in which the O'odham have begun re-asserting their sovereignty in data domains. We demonstrate various strategies or models that communities and researchers can use to discuss data governance for their own best practices, institutions, and community members.
Unusual Cardiac Presentation of COVID-19 and Use of Convalescent Plasma

COVID-19 infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been associated with cardiac abnormalities, including conduction abnormalities. Convalescent plasma is emerging as a potentially safe and effective treatment option for patients severely or critically ill with COVID-19. Here, we describe a case of a COVID-19 patient with new-onset cardiac ectopy who had near resolution of his cardiac sequelae following convalescent plasma transfusion.