cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Love Me, Hurt Me, Heal Me—Isolde Healer and Isolde Lover in Gottfried's Tristan

This article examines representations of women as healers and lovers in Gottfried's von Strassburg Tristan. I argue that Gottfried's casting of women—Queen Isolde, Isolde the Fair, and Tristan's mother Blanscheflur—as healers emphasizes notions of gender disparities that lie at the core of medico-scientific and literary depictions of lovesickness. Gottfried, however, in contrast to other authors whose names are associated with the Tristan and Isolde story, creates two Isoldes out of one. By carving the character of Queen Isolde out of Isolde the Fair, Gottfried ingeniously separates the hurtful and healing Queen Isolde from the lover, Isolde the Fair. In doing so, he abandons the tension that is constitutive of the depictions of unfulfilled love in Minnesang poetry where women are both adored and dreaded, bring both intense joy and unbearable misery, and carry the key to greatest physical wellbeing as well as to death. He is able, in turn, to create the experience of love—though still painful—as something based on parity and correspondence. Gottfried's subtle rewriting of the roles of Isolde the Fair and Queen Isolde especially with regard to their capacities as healers is, I argue, a key element in his conception of a novel kind of male-female relationship, commonly referred to by scholars as Tristanminne.
Synchrotron Radiation Studies of MBE Formed Semiconductor Interfaces: Si-GaAs and GaAs-Si

Studies of silicon on gallium arsenide and gallium arsenide on silicon interface formation will be described and used as examples of how synchrotron radiation excited photoemission is a powerful probe of surface and interface phenomena. The samples and interfaces studied in this work were prepared in-situ using thermal Ga and As MBE sources and a resistive Si evaporation source. The MBE capability has allowed us to explore atomic and electronic structural issues of interface formation during hetero-epitaxy. We have combined these techniques to explore Si and GaAs surfaces, the adsorbate interactions of Ga and As on Si, and interface formation of Si on GaAs and the inverse system, GaAs on Si. Several of these surfaces and interfaces yield model systems which can provide general insights. As an example, studies of arsenic terminated silicon (100) and (111) surfaces will be described. A specific focus of the paper will be the interfacial development of Si on GaAs(100). Si deposited at various coverages below 10 ml onto a room temperature substrate yields a disordered surface. For coverages below two monolayers, subsequent annealing at 450–600°C leads to a single domain 1×2 surface from either the As rich c(2×8) or Ga rich 4×6 reconstructions. While the periodicity is the same for the different starting surfaces, evidence is presented that the atomic arrangement in the unit cell is different.
G-protein alpha subunit interaction and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor activity of the dual GoLoco motif protein PCP-2 (Purkinje cell protein-2).

Abstract Purkinje cell protein-2 (PCP-2; L7/GPSM4) is a GoLoco motif-containing protein that is specifically expressed in Purkinje and retinal ON bipolar cells. An alternative splice variant of PCP-2 has recently been isolated which contains two GoLoco motifs. Although the second GoLoco motif (GL2) of PCP-2 has been reported to interact with Gα-subunits, a complete biochemical analysis of each individual motif of PCP-2 has not been performed. We demonstrate that the first GoLoco motif (GL1) of PCP-2 is equipotent as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) towards Gαi1 and Gαi2, while it has sevenfold lower GDI activity for Gαi3 and greater than 20-fold lower GDI activity against Gαo. In contrast we found PCP-2 GL2 to be essentially equipotent as a GDI for all Gαi subunits, but it had negligible activity toward Gαo. Using co-immunoprecipitation from COS-7 cells, we found that PCP-2 was only able to interact with Gαi1 but not Gαo nor Gα-subunits from other families (Gαs, Gαq, or Gα12). Mutational analysis of a non-canonical residue (glycine 24) in human PCP-2 GL1 provided evidence for heterogeneity in mechanisms of Gαi interactions with GoLoco motifs. Collectively, the data demonstrate that PCP-2 is a comparatively weak GoLoco motif protein that exhibits highest affinity interactions and GDI activity toward Gαi1, Gαi2, and Gαi3 subunits.
Structure‐activity relationships for osteolathyrism: IV. Para‐substituted benzoic acid hydrazides and alkyl carbazates

Nine benzoic acid hydrazides and carbazates were assayed for toxicity and teratogenicity by using early embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. The results of the 96-h static tests were used for quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analyses. Each compound induced the connective tissue defect osteolathyrism. Regression analyses indicated toxicity (LC50) and teratogenicity (EC50) were best correlated with the STERIMOL width parameter B1, but due to redundancy in B1 values for the test chemicals and the relatively low r2 for the models, those equations should be used with caution. The mortality/malformation index (MMI) was negatively correlated with molar refractivity (MR). The relationships indicate that steric interactions may be important in explaining the variation in biological activity due to changes in chemical structure. Frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) may be useful in aquatic toxicology hazard assessment, evaluating developmental malformation.
A More Ethical and Profitable Approach to Corporate Finance

This paper provides a brief summary of a little-understood approach to corporate finance that the chief executive officer a major credit-worthy company could undertake to enable his/her company to operate in a more ethical way while enhancing corporate profitability. It covers only the highlights.The implementation of the modified system of corporate finance would require no taxes, redistribution, or government command. With the modified system of corporate finance, companies would be free to continue to meet their capital requirements as before, but they would have an additional, more ethical and profitable, market means to satisfy their capital requirements. If widely understood by market participants, this additional means could be voluntarily employed to:1. enhance the earning capacity of the participating companies, their employees and their customers,2. promote more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and more broadly shared growth and prosperity, 3. reduce poverty, welfare dependence and the need for government expenditures, taxes, and other transfer payments, 4. enhance the value of equity investments and reduce the risk of borrowing, and 5. enhance the credit worthiness of national governments and their ability to raise revenue. A fuller explication of the analysis underlying this approach is provided in other writings cited in this article.
Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, National Report 1996-2005

The Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, introduced in 2005, captures the dynamic nature of business creation in the United States. Presenting the percent of the population of adult non-business owners who start a business each month, the Kauffman Index confirms the relative steadiness of the national interest in business creation and suggests that American optimism continually fuels new start-ups. This measure of the rate of business creation at the individual owner level captures all new businesses – even those that fail after the first month. It includes both businesses with employees and those without, businesses that are incorporated and those that are not, and all industries, from construction to high-tech.While estimates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicate that more than ten percent of the U.S. workforce is self-employed business owners, government sources do not report the rate of business creation or entrepreneurial activity on a regular basis. The Kauffman Index uses matched data from the 1996-2005 Current Population Survey (CPS) to examine changes in the rate of entrepreneurial activity in the United States over the last decade. New CPS data available for 2005 and a refined definition of the Kauffman Index allow for an updated report this year, with consideration of trends over the 1996-2005 period and separate estimates for specific demographic groups.
A Bandwidth Monitoring Strategy Under Uncertainty of the Adversary’s Activity

When an adversary illicitly uses spectrum that it is not authorized for, it does so with a purpose in mind, such as to download a file or perhaps engage in a real-time communication session. In this paper, we examine how the incorporation of knowledge related to an adversary’s purpose can improve the effectiveness of spectrum scanning protocols. First, we study the difference in the thief’s behavior when considering throughput and delay as the two primary QoS parameters he is concerned with. Through our analysis, we show that the detection probability of unlicensed access to spectrum resources depends on the application type. Knowledge of the application type can be incorporated to spectrum scanning to tune better it to detect the thief. To illustrate this, we examine two Bayesian games. In the first game, the scanner wants to minimize the time needed to detect the invader. In the second game, the scanner wants to maximize the detection probability at each time slot by adapting its belief regarding the adversary’s activity. In particular, it is shown in the minimizing detection time game that the equilibrium strategies are continuous with respect to priori knowledge of the invader’s activity. Meanwhile, for the maximizing detection probability game, the strategies can have a jump discontinuity. This phenomena can be explained as the difference between tactical and strategic decision making: tactical decision making allows short-term, unpredictable moves, while strategic decision making is inclined to predictable moves. Finally, since the bandwidth model used in this paper is general, the conclusion as well as the approach provided can be applied to a variety of different network protection problems.
Racial disparity in 30-day morbidity and mortality after surgery for ovarian cancer.

Background The improved survival observed in recent years for women with ovarian cancer (OC) has not been realized among African American (AA) compared with white (W) women. The contribution of immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality to this survival disparity remains unclear. This study aims to examine disparities in postoperative 30-day morbidity and mortality between AA and W women with OC. Materials and Methods Patients with OC were identified from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2005 to 2011. African American and subgroups were studied. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed. Results Of 1649 women, 1510 (92%) were W and 139 (8%) were AA. The rate of 30-day postoperative complications and mortality among the entire cohort were 30% and 2%, respectively. No differences in postoperative complications were noted between AA and W women (33% vs 30%, P = 0.47) including surgical (29% vs 26%, P = 0.40) and nonsurgical (10% vs 9%, P = 0.75) complications. The mean length of hospital stay was longer in AA women, but there was no difference in surgical re-exploration and operative time. No difference in 30-day mortality was found between AA and W women (3% vs 2%, P = 0.45). African Americans were younger and more likely to be obese, have diabetes, hypertension, preoperative weight loss, higher serum creatinine level greater than or equal to 2 mg/dL, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia. After adjusting for surgical complexity and associated comorbidities, AA race was not an independent predictor of 30-day postoperative complications (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.5; P = 0.96) or mortality (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–2.43; P = 0.83). Conclusions African American race was not an independent predictor of poor 30-day outcomes. Interestingly, AAs with OC are underrepresented in quality-seeking hospitals. Efforts to minimize this racial disparity should target optimization of comorbidities and improving access to high-volume centers for AA women.
Land cover classification using RADARSAT-2 full polarmetric SAR data

Since polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR)is capable of measuring each observation target full scattering matrix,but because of the complexity of the feature distribution it is often caused by scattering signals of different objects with similar characteristics to the rear,thus increasing the difficulty of feature information extraction.Based on RADARSAT-2fully polarimetric radar data in Beijing,on the basis of the characteristics of the image processing decomposition,PolSARPro software is utilized to extract contains information about terrain scattering mechanism of polarization parameters,according to H-α,A-α,H-Aon full polarization SAR images can be classified based on the scattering mechanism.Then the results will be classified as Wishart H/A/α Wishart H/αinitial category.Finally,the decision tree classification algorithm is used based on supervised classification of Wishart distribution and the above two kinds of classification algorithms are put into fusion processing,so as to achieve the classification of surface features.The classification results with the traditional classification algorithms are analyzed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cases for life-cycle energy consumption and environmental emissions in residential buildings

Three residential buildings with different sizes were analyzed based on the model developed in the companion paper 'Models for life-cycle energy consumption and environmental emissions in residential buildings' to better understand the characteristics and distributions of energy use and environmental emissions in each life-cycle phase.The results show that the average total energy use is 1.7 GJ/m2 per year with CO2 as the most common emissions followed by SO2,NOx,CO,and then PM10 throughout the buildings' life cycle.The energy use and emissions in materials extraction and production phase and the construction phase are as high as 80% of the total life-cycle energy consumption and emissions,which indicates how life-cycle energy conservation can be impacted with emissions reduced.
Rumination and Spasmus Nutans

A disturbed mother-child relationship underlies both these manifestations of the “failure-to-thrive” syndrome; in spasmus nutans there is also a strong correlation with a darkened environment. As the hospital, through intensive, personalized care, remedies the emotional deprivation responsible for the problem, it must also help the mother establish new and mutually nurturing bonds with her child.
Aspects of Gastric Proton-Transport ATPase

The central role of H+ transport in a variety of biological membranes has been firmly established by experiments of the last decade or so (Mitchell, 1966; Racker, 1976). Of direct interest to this review is the mechanism of proton transport by the mammalian gastric mucosa, a tissue where the H+ gradient reaches a value of almost 107. Whether the mechanism in this cell has anything in common with other H+ ion transport systems is not clear at present. It does seem that at least part of the process is mechanistically similar to the mechanism of Na+ and K+ transport in eukaryotic cells via the Na+/K+-ATPase (Taniguchi and Post, 1975) and hence is likely to be of general as well as special interest. At this time the only well-defined component of acidification is the H+/K+-ATPase initially described by Forte and his collaborators (Ganser and Forte, 1973a). It is this enzyme, and the evidence for its role in acid secretion that will be described in this brief review.
Differential expression of PD-L1 expression in high grade T1 (HGT1) v. muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) and its prognostic implications.

4535Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor negatively regulates T cell-mediated responses.PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) can be expressed on both tumor cells and mononuclear (MNC) infiltrates in MIUC....
Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Single-Ascending Doses of Desvenlafaxine Administered to Children and Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract Objective: To investigate the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of ascending doses of desvenlafaxine in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Assessment of the effect of desvenlafaxine on depression symptoms was exploratory. Methods: The 8-week, open-label study included an initial 3.5-day inpatient period followed by a 7.5-week outpatient period. Children (7–11 years) received a single desvenlafaxine dose of 10, 25, 50, or 100 mg on day 1; adolescents (12–17 years) received desvenlafaxine 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/day. Plasma and urine samples were collected over the initial 72-hour inpatient period. Evaluations included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), physical examinations (including Tanner Staging), vital signs, laboratory assessments, 12-lead electrocardiogram, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). Results: In all, 29 children and 30 adolescents took at least one dose of desvenlafaxine and were included...
Parents’ Experiences When Seeking Assistance for Their Children With Challenging Behaviors

The experiences of seven parents, whose preschoolers engaged in persistent challenging behaviors, were investigated. Individual interviews with each parent, member checking, and follow-up discussions to seek clarity on participants’ comments were conducted. Four major categories of responses emerged from the data as parents shared their journeys of seeking assistance for their children: (a) challenging behaviors and first concerns (i.e., ages and descriptions of concerns), (b) steps taken to access support (including the number of times parents sought support and from whom, as well as the type of feedback they received when seeking support), (c) challenges faced when seeking assistance, and (d) supports that were helpful for parents. Results revealed that parents initially sought support from child care staff and medical professionals, persisted when seeking support, and offered several suggestions to improve the systems of support and services. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
Implications for a theory of culture

Cultural understandings have five centripetal tendencies. First, they can be relatively durable in individuals. Secondly, cultural understandings can have emotional and motivational force, prompting those who hold them to act upon them. Thirdly, they can be relatively durable historically, being reproduced from generation to generation. Fourthly, they can be relatively thematic, in the sense that certain understandings may be repeatedly applied in a wide variety of contexts. Finally, they can be more or less widely shared; in fact, we do not call an understanding “cultural” unless it is shared, to some extent, in a social group. Various writers and traditions in cultural anthropology have been concerned with one or another of these properties or a subset of them; our account addresses all of them within a unified framework. Furthermore, these centripetal tendencies are reconciled within this framework with the equally evident centrifugal tendencies of culture, which have earned so much recent anthropological attention. That is, cultural understandings can be changeable in persons and across generations; they can be unmotivating; they can be contextually limited; and they can be shared by relatively few in a society.
Equivalent statistics and data interpretation

Recent reform efforts in psychological science have led to a plethora of choices for scientists to analyze their data. A scientist making an inference about their data must now decide whether to report a p value, summarize the data with a standardized effect size and its confidence interval, report a Bayes Factor, or use other model comparison methods. To make good choices among these options, it is necessary for researchers to understand the characteristics of the various statistics used by the different analysis frameworks. Toward that end, this paper makes two contributions. First, it shows that for the case of a two-sample t test with known sample sizes, many different summary statistics are mathematically equivalent in the sense that they are based on the very same information in the data set. When the sample sizes are known, the p value provides as much information about a data set as the confidence interval of Cohen's d or a JZS Bayes factor. Second, this equivalence means that different analysis methods differ only in their interpretation of the empirical data. At first glance, it might seem that mathematical equivalence of the statistics suggests that it does not matter much which statistic is reported, but the opposite is true because the appropriateness of a reported statistic is relative to the inference it promotes. Accordingly, scientists should choose an analysis method appropriate for their scientific investigation. A direct comparison of the different inferential frameworks provides some guidance for scientists to make good choices and improve scientific practice.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infection.

Context.—The rapid and accurate diagnosis of Zika virus infection is an international priority. Objective.—To review current recommendations, methods, limitations, and priorities for Zika virus testing. Data Sources.—Sources include published literature, public health recommendations, laboratory procedures, and testing experience. Conclusions.—Until recently, the laboratory diagnosis of Zika infection was confined to public health or research laboratories that prepared their own reagents, and test capacity has been limited. Furthermore, Zika cross-reacts serologically with other flaviviruses, such as dengue, West Nile, and yellow fever. Current or past infection, or even vaccination with another flavivirus, will often cause false-positive or uninterpretable Zika serology results. Detection of viral RNA during acute infection using nucleic acid amplification tests provides more specific results, and a number of commercial nucleic acid amplification tests have received emergency use authorization. In additi...
Playing God: Participant Frameworks in the Ras Lilas of Krishna

As one of the most popular deities in contemporary Hindu worship, representations of Krishna are ubiquitous throughout South Asia. However, characterizations of Krishna also commonly appear in popular media, including television shows, movies, and comic books. But the division between traditional religious representations of Krishna and his more modern media images is not as stark as it might first appear. Using an analysis of linguistic frameworks in popular dramatic stage performances centred on the re-enactment of Krishna stories, this article demonstrates the continuum of religious practice that links the actor playing Krishna with ritual practices that presume the manifestation of the deity himself. In this way, the lines between tradition and modernity become blurred as particular methods of entertainment become themselves a vehicle for the realization of the divine.
Leukocyte XII Regulates Venous Thrombosis Risk

Abstract Introduction: Previous studies show that Factor XII (XII) participates in the inflammatory response. XII regulates the expression of monocyte FcγII receptor and stimulates monocytes and macrophages to release interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. XII deficient patients have reduced leukocyte migration into skin windows. In vitro, purified XIIa corrects neutrophil aggregation and degranulation defects in XII-deficient plasma. Recent studies show that leukocytes initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in vivo. We examined the contribution of XII in the inflammatory response and venous thrombosis. Methods & Results: Sterile punch biopsy wounds were created on wild type (WT) and F12-/- mice. On Days 2 and 5, there was a ~3-fold decrease in CD11b-stained cells in F12-/- woundsvs. WT. On the thioglycolate (TG)-induced sterile peritonitis assay, lavage fluid from F12-/- mice contained significantly less peritoneal exudative cells (PEC)] on days 1 and 7, (p Conclusions: Leukocyte XII has a dual role in neutrophil function. We hypothesize that signaling by leukocyte XII contributes to neutrophil trafficking in sites of inflammation and venous stasis. At these sites, neutrophils become indispensable for activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation during the early formation of intraluminal fibrin and for subsequent thrombus propagation by NETs and the activation of circulating XII. Defining the signaling pathway of XII in leukocytes will further our understanding as to the mechanism(s) by which these cells cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in vivo. Download : Download high-res image (226KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Sentiment based Analysis of Tweets during the US Presidential Elections

In a relatively short period of time, social media has gained significant importance as a mass communication and public engagement tool for political and governance purposes. Rapid dissemination of information through social media platforms such as Twitter, provides politicians and campaigners with the ability to broadcast their message to a wide audience instantly and directly while bypassing the traditional media channels. In this paper, we investigate the nature and characteristics of the political discourse that took place on Twitter during the American Presidential elections of November 2016. The goal of this study is to perform exploratory sentiment based analysis of Twitter data that was gathered both before and after the Election Day. Our objective is to identify the nature and sentiment of discussions along with understanding the behavior of users with respect to their Twitter profile and associated attributes of their tweets. We also aim to inspect popular Twitter discussion topics and their relation with important news and events occurring simultaneously.
Developmental neurotoxicity of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos: from clinical findings to preclinical models and potential mechanisms.

Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are pest-control agents heavily used worldwide. Unfortunately, they are also well known for the toxic effects that they can trigger in humans. Clinical manifestations of an acute exposure of humans to OP insecticides include a well-defined cholinergic crisis that develops as a result of the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Prolonged exposures to levels of OP insecticides that are insufficient to trigger signs of acute intoxication, which are hereafter referred to as subacute exposures, have also been associated with neurological deficits. In particular, epidemiological studies have reported statistically significant correlations between prenatal subacute exposures to OP insecticides, including chlorpyrifos, and neurological deficits that range from cognitive impairments to tremors in childhood. The primary objectives of this article are: (i) to address the short- and long-term neurological issues that have been associated with acute and subacute exposures of humans to OP insecticides, especially early in life (ii) to discuss the translational relevance of animal models of developmental exposure to OP insecticides, and (iii) to review mechanisms that are likely to contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of OP insecticides. Most of the discussion will be focused on chlorpyrifos, the top-selling OP insecticide in the United States and throughout the world. These points are critical for the identification and development of safe and effective interventions to counter and/or prevent the neurotoxic effects of these chemicals in the developing brain. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
Using automatic differentiation for compressive sensing in uncertainty quantification

This paper employs automatic differentiation (AD) in the compressive sensing-based generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion, which computes a sparse approximation of the Quantity of Interest (QoI) using orthogonal polynomials as basis functions. An earlier approach without AD relies on an iterative procedure to refine the solution by approximating the gradient of the QoI. With AD, the gradient can be accurately evaluated, and a set of basis functions of the gPC expansion associated with new random variables can be efficiently identified. The computational complexity of the algorithm using AD is independent of the number of basis functions, whereas an earlier algorithm had complexity proportional to the square of this number. Our test problems include synthetic problems and a high-dimensional stochastic partial differential equation. With the new basis, the coefficient vector in the gPC expansion is sparser than the original basis. We demonstrate that introducing AD can greatly improve the performance ...
A Leadership Framework

Over the last year, Lewis & Clark's Information Technology has implemented a new leadership framework based on a waterfall of vision, mission, objectives and measureable milestones. The goals, are one of three pillars that constitute the work done by our division-Projects, Objectives and "Keeping the Lights On." By having clear objectives developed by each team, expectations are clearly expressed and negotiated at the beginning of each quarter and graded at the end of each quarter.Having this framework in place better aligns the mission and objectives of our team with those of the institution. It has also provided each group with focus, and allows the IT leadership team a better understanding of what each group is working on and illustrates where collaborations could be beneficial. When desired, we are now able to produce a list of what IT added as value through measurable, quarterly objectives from each division and how they all are tied to an institutional strategy.This paper will discuss how our IT Framework provides structure for the work we do in our department and detail the benefits and challenges in adhering to such a framework.
Posterior pituitary abnormalities caused by pituitary tumors

Abstract The posterior pituitary gland tightly controls water balance. Before surgery, pituitary adenomas-no matter how large-almost never cause diabetes insipidus, and very rarely cause the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Conversely, disorders of water metabolism are a relatively common complication of surgery for pituitary adenomas. These abnormalities are most often transient, but require careful monitoring and expert management in order to avoid potentially dangerous abrupt variations of blood sodium levels. In this article we will review such abnormalities, and the best way to diagnose and treat them promptly.
Azulene-Modified Polysiloxanes as Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases: Comparison of the Separatory Properties of Azulene and Naphthalene

ABSTRACTAzulene is an aromatic molecule with interesting properties, most notably a permanent dipole moment of 1.08D. This degree of polarity in the absence of heteroatoms is quite rare and offers potential for use in unique gas chromatographic stationary phases. Here, we report the first examples of azulene-derivatized stationary phases for gas chromatographic separations. Poly(dimethyl/azulenylmethyl) siloxane polymers containing 15 and 35% of an azulene derivative were synthesized, coated on capillary columns, and evaluated. To compare the effects of increased polarity vs. the effects of polarizability, isomeric naphthalene analogues were also prepared, coated, and evaluated. The coated phases displayed efficiencies up to 2700 plates/m. For both azulene and naphthalene columns, retention increased as substitution level increased. The more polarizable naphthalene columns tended to retain analytes more strongly. Columns were also evaluated for the separation of several different mixtures of isomers again...
Transport in oscillatory flows

We examine the degree to which the transport of a passive scalar contaminant is enhanced by an oscillatory cellular flow. The enhancement is found to depend on the Peclet number Pe and on the ratio η of the oscillation frequency to the shear rate. Analytical expressions are derived for the diffusivity enhancement in the limits of high and low η. Numerical solutions of the advection-diffusion equation confirm these results and connect these two regimes.
Structure of the Mitochondrion

It is fitting that a volume commemorating the scientific achievements of David Green should contain a chapter on mitochondrial structure, since from the earliest days he has been involved in its elucidation. This account is not meant to be a history of how notions of mitochondrial structure have progressed, nor is it comprehensive; it is rather a perspective on some recent advances in our understanding of mitochondrial configurations. First, the role of osmosis is evaluated, followed by a discussion of other physical factors and membrane structural properties which could be involved in the determination of the shape of cristae.
More than Merely Transcription: An Analysis of Metatasks and Twitter Chat

This article seeks to understand the practices that digital volunteers of the Smithsonian's Transcription Center (TC) engage in aside from transcribing. A thematic analysis of the Twitter feed @Tra...
Functional Disorders, Pregnancy, and Hormone-Related Changes of the Endometrium

This chapter covers a variety of hormone-related changes of the endometrium, including pregnancy-related alterations, the effects of exogenous hormones, the pathology of dysfunctional uterine bleeding related to estrogen and progesterone, and the pathologic assessment of hyperplasias and carcinoma after hormonal treatments.
Anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit immune checkpoints in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico.

The objective was to assess anti-progression and stimulatory immune response effects among anthocyanins (ANC) and their metabolites on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Pure phenolics including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G) and its metabolites, delphinidin (DC) and gallic acid (GA), were tested alone or in combination, on HCT-116 and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells (100–600 µg/mL). HCT-116 and HT-29 50% inhibition concentrations (µg/mL) were 396 ± 23 and 329 ± 17 for D3G; 242 ± 16 and >600 for DC; and 154 ± 5 and 81 ± 5 for GA, respectively. Using molecular docking, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) showed the highest potential to inhibit immune checkpoints: programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) (−6.8 kcal/mol) and programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) (−9.6 kcal/mol). C3G, D3G, DC, GA, and D3G-rich extracts decreased PD-L1 protein expression in HCT-116 cells. C3G decreased PD-L1 fluorescence intensity by 39%. ANC decreased PD-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in monoculture by 41% and 55%, and co-culture with HCT-116 and HT-29 cells by 39% and 26% (C3G) and 50% and 51% (D3G), respectively. D3G and C3G, abundant in plant foods, showed potential for binding with and inhibiting immune checkpoints, PD-1 and PD-L1, which can activate immune response in the tumor microenvironment and induce cancer cell death.
Capacity Revival of Tungsten trioxide Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Battery

Transitional Metal Oxides (TMOs) has been considered as one of the promising candidates for anode materials in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, low electronic conductivity, volume expansion during discharge/charge cycles and poor rate capability challenges its further use in LIBs. In this work, unique behavior of self-revival in the capacity with cycling is presented. Self-revival in the capacity was attained by doping pristine tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) with nitrogen at high temperature. The percentage increase of self-revived discharge capacity corresponding to the preceding discharge capacity at cycles, 9th (412.85 Vs 370.95 mAhg-1), 13th (405.24 Vs 390.95 mAhg-1) and 36th (552.38 Vs 138.57 mAhg-1) cycles were 11.29%, 3.65% and 298.63%, respectively. This interesting phenomenon of self-capacity revival can be attributed to the reduction in the particle size of WO 3 that leads to high surface area. In addition, the created oxygen vacancies and defects make the reduced WO 3 electrochemically active and enhance the catalytic activity.
Do shrubs improve reproductive chances of neighbors across soil types in drought

Plant reproduction is highly sensitive to stress from severe weather. While facilitation has been shown to buffer negative impacts along stress gradients, less is known about facilitating plant reproduction in drought periods. Because intensity and frequency of drought are predicted to increase, plant reproductive facilitation has important implications for a species ability to adapt to changes in climate. Our primary study objective is to test if nurse shrubs act as reproductive micro-refugia across soil types, by improving reproductive potential of perennial bunchgrass neighbors subjected to severe drought. To investigate this objective, we designed a fully factored study testing direct interaction between shrub and bunchgrasses in eastern Oregon sagebrush steppe, at two sites with different soil types. The study consisted of six simple effect treatments combining three moisture regimes (moist, ambient, and drought) with two shrub conditions (shrub intact or shrub removed). Our results indicate when facilitation of reproductive potential occurs, it occurs strongly and particularly in drought, consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), where several species produced at least 54% more inflorescences in the presence of shrub neighbors. In addition, we found facilitation to be consistent with the SGH at the species level likely reflecting differences in plant strategy and perception of strain, but to follow alternative SGH models more closely at the site level where facilitation declined on the drier soil. Ultimately, our findings highlight the importance of facilitation in improving plant reproductive potential in drought, and support the role of nurse shrubs as micro-refugia in a changing climate.
Speckle noise attenuation in orbital laser vibrometer seismology

Abstract The interior structures of small planetary bodies such as asteroids and comets are an enigma. Determining the internal structure is important for understanding the formation and evolution of the solar system and also has implications for in-situ resource exploitation and planetary defense. Despite the immense value, no detailed investigation of the interior properties of an asteroid has yet been made. Although orbital radar and lander based seismological approaches have been proposed to make direct interior observations, it has not yet been demonstrated that radar could transmit through a rocky asteroid, nor that landing multiple seismometers is feasible or affordable. An elegant alternative to landed seismometers is orbital laser Doppler vibrometry, which could record seismic shaking of a small body without contact with the surface. Laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs) are mature instruments for terrestrial applications and could be adapted for a space environment. However, when incident on a rough surface like an asteroid regolith, an LDV is subject to laser speckle noise which may be misinterpreted as seismic shaking. We address the challenge of making LDV measurements on naturally rough surfaces by quantifying the laser speckle noise that an orbital LDV would encounter during a hypothetical orbital measurement. Specifically, we simulate an LDV measurement of a seismic signal generated by an impact source on the asteroid 101955 Bennu. We demonstrate that speckle noise can be attenuated by combining multiple signals recorded by an orbital seismometer equipped with multiple LDV sensors. By mitigating laser speckle, we demonstrate that an orbital LDV can record seismic signals on a natural asteroid surface, which would enable an orbital seismometer to achieve the dense global coverage necessary for high resolution interior imaging.
Precise Persuasion: Investigating Incentive Appeals for the Promotion of Antibiotic Stewardship with Message-induced Transitions.

Two different lines of research—interpersonal resistance and public campaign design—lead us to consider the use of incentive appeals to motivate behavior change, with a call for greater attention t...
Comparison of Early Fatigue Failure of the TFNa and Gamma 3 Cephalomedullary Nails in the United States From 2015 to 2019.

OBJECTIVES To compare reports of implant fatigue failure submitted to the FDA of 2 commonly used cephalomedullary nails. METHODS In total, 2724 medical device reports from the FDA's MAUDE database from Jan 2015 to Oct 2019 were reviewed for the Trochanteric Femoral Nail-Advanced (TFNa) and Gamma 3 implants. RESULTS Data from 342 implant failures included in the MAUDE database were analyzed. TFNa and Gamma 3 had 183 and 159 reported fatigue failures, respectively. All failed implants fractured in the same location through the proximal screw aperture. Time from implantation to failure was on average 2 months shorter for TFNa implants that were reported fractured than for Gamma 3 implants reported, a difference that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In total, 100 implants were reported to have failed within the first 4 months (53 and 47 for TFNa and Gamma 3, respectively). For Gamma 3 implants that failed in the first 4 months, almost all of the available manufacturers' inspection reports revealed implant notches at the point of failure from drilling. For TFNa implants that failed early, only one reported notch was noted in the available inspection reports. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to other studies regarding fatigue failure, reported failures in both TFNa and Gamma 3 occurred earlier than can be attributed to delayed or nonunion. The reported failures of the TFNa in the MAUDE database occurred earlier than did those of the Gamma 3. Early failures of the Gamma 3 seemed to be the result of iatrogenic implant notching. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Online Low-Stakes Assignments To Support Scientific Lab Report Writing in Introductory Science Courses.

Using a combination of online tools (discussion board, submission of reports, grading with rubrics) and scaffolded low stakes writing, we designed a comprehensive writing assignment that teaches first and second year undergraduates a basic scientific skill: written communication in the form of a laboratory report. Scaffolding of the assignment into small sections helps students concentrate on topics and writing technique, and ensures the instructor can grade the reports quickly while still providing valuable feedback. Hence, students get a chance to practice lab report writing consistently throughout the semester, simultaneously learning how to do it and improving their results. The assignment prepares students for the lab report in advanced courses or writing scientific reports in their later career. The assignment was used in biology courses, but can be used in other science courses where lab report preparation is required. This system was well received by students.
Exploring the Perceptions of Male Teachers About the Shortage of Male Elementary School Teachers: A Q Methodology:

There is a shortage of male elementary school teachers in the United States. Men who choose careers as elementary school teachers must be confident and ignore social barriers that keep other men fr...
A vision to compute like nature: thermodynamically

Advocating a new, physically grounded, computational paradigm centered on thermodynamics and an emerging understanding of using thermodynamics to solve problems.
Stop, Drop, or Enroll? How Ability Beliefs Are Associated With College-Going Among Black Males:

High educational attainment is associated with beneficial outcomes for both individuals and society; however, Black males are underrepresented among college students. This study drew on a positive ...
The Vector Helmholtz Equation

The vector Helmholtz equation, which occurs particularly in electromagnetic theory [19], is more complicated than the scalar Helmholtz equation and its separation presents new problems.
Price and value of decision support systems

A two-dimensional framework for Decision Support Systems (DSS) cost-benefit analysis is proposed. One dimension reflects the degree to which the supported decision is structured, the level of managerial activity, the level of uncertainty and the source of information used, while the second dimension classifies DSS based on the phase of the supported decision according to Simon’s model for the decision-making process. The review of the current literature reconciles some of the contr#dictory findings in the DSS cost-benefit literature, and shows that the adequacy of the valuation method depends on the attributes of the system. The main DSS valuation issues are identified, and the paper discusses the potential gap between price (determined by estimated costs or the market) and the value (which is subjective). The magnitude of this gap is found to be correlated with the extent to which the supported decisions are structured.
Relationship Between Farm Size and Technical Efficiency in West Tennessee Agriculture

There has been persistent interest in the issues relating to farm size and survival of family farms since the beginning of agricultural economics as a discipline. Since the early 1950s, the number of farms has been decreasing and the average farm size has been increasing.
Primitive Accumulation and Traditional Social Relations on the Nineteenth Century Gold Coast

RESUMECet article propose de remplacer la notion d' « occidentalisation» (westernization) par le concept d'accumulation primitive, qui nous fournit un moyen plus dynamique et moins ethnocentrique de comprendre la transformation des relations sociales traditionnelles. L'article analyse comment un groupe de marchands africains se servent de leurs liens au sein des groupements matrilineaires, de leurs relations sociales traditionnelles (la mise en gage, l'esclavage, le concubinage), de leurs coutumes matrimoniales et de l'adultere pour realiser l'accumulation primitive. Par ce fait meme, les marchands effectuent une transformation radicale de ces relations.Tout en preservant de telles traditions, les marchands se creent en meme temps des familles nucleaires avec heritage patrilineaire. Ces familles doivent faire appel a la justice coloniale anglaise pour resoudre leurs conflits matrimoniaux. Les femmes qui participent a ce nouveau type de mariage perdent les soutiens traditionaux.
Gender and Work

Over the past 30 years, the US labor market has undergone fundamental structural changes. In the past, loyal and hardworking employees could expect to spend their entire careers working for a single employer. But starting in the 1980s, globalization, deregulation, and the decline of unions transformed this standard employment contract between workers and employers. Today, employment has become more precarious, unstable, and insecure. This essay reviews the limited research on how the rise of precarious employment in the United States has impacted men and women. We also analyze the gender implications of policies designed to address precariousness, and set an agenda for future research on gender inequality and precarious work. Keywords: gender inequality; precarious work; new economy