cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consumer perceptions and emotions about sanitation conditions in full-service restaurants

ABSTRACTSanitation is one of the most important factors for consumers when they consider where to eat. Little research has been conducted on the emotional responses that consumers have to sanitation conditions. This study determined that five sanitation dimensions (food handling, dining room experience, exterior, restrooms, and employees) and five positive and negative emotions are relevant to consumers’ sanitation reactions. Results identified the most important sanitation dimension in full-service restaurants and showed that consumers use tangible sanitation conditions (restrooms and employees) in their perceptions of sanitation in full-service restaurants. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.
The Unique Oral Health Needs of an Aging Population

Over the last century, the number and percentage of older adults has increased dramatically. In the last 30 years, the percentage of older edentulous adults has declined significantly but the total number is expected to remain constant at 9 million until the year 2020. The increasing number of and percentage of dentate adults will have more teeth at risk for caries and periodontal disease. Many of these adults will have multiple medical problems and be taking various pharmacotherapies which will complicate oral disease and its treatment. New concepts in prevention of oral disease will be required, as will more accurate diagnostic procedures, especially to identify the at-risk older adults.
Narrative in an age of fracture

Running for re-election in the summer of 2012, Barack Obama offered a public confession – albeit a safe one. His biggest mistake of the past four years, he told Charlie Rose, was not the substance of his policy, but the style of his leadership: “the nature of this office is also to tell a story to the American people that gives them a sense of unity and purpose and optimism, especially during tough times.” Self-proclaimed “serious” people prefer to debate the intricacies of policy and tend to dismiss style as superficial. But, Obama hinted, he had learned that, in the real world of presidential politics, style and substance are linked. The policy wonks who hold forth in Washington's seminar rooms gravitate toward the instrumental mode of argumentation, toward the assessment of costs and benefits. Sometimes, they embrace the normative mode, a rhetorical world of rights and wrongs. But they generally frame their arguments within an existing conversation. However, a president who refuses to play his part as narrator-in-chief, and who thus allows others to seize the rostrum and set the terms of debate, will find himself stymied. Obama's confession granted some credence to critics on the Left who charged that he had failed to use his bully pulpit – although, had the moderate Obama followed his own advice, he would not have set forth a narrative to their liking. In that interview, Obama emphasized the importance of narrative leadership in domestic affairs, but both the demand for and limits of such storytelling apply equally to the realm of foreign affairs, specifically national security. Policy arguments in this arena too always rest on implicit, often truncated, narratives depicting the protagonists, the setting, and the action of a global drama. Such narratives define the national interest and identify the global challenges and opportunities facing the polity. In their absence, leaders could not set priorities or fashion a menu of appropriate responses. Such narratives, in other words, constitute the basis for grand strategy – the state's plan for how it can achieve its ends abroad, given limited resources. Were such narratives countless, or were they readily adopted and abandoned as events demand, a narrative perspective would add little to more traditional accounts of national security policy. This book takes issue with, and provides evidence against, both of these propositions.
Population Biodistance in Global Perspective: Assessing the Influence of Population History and Environmental Effects on Patterns of Craniomandibular Variation

Biodistance studies have a long history of usage in bioarchaeology and bioanthropology in order to better understand the causes of particular among-group patterns of biological affinity. Here, using two specific case studies, a biodistance analytical framework is implemented to assess the microevolutionary history of global patterns of human craniomandibular variation. In these case studies, the biodistance patterns concern global among-population cranial and mandibular shape distances, quantified using an explicit evolutionary quantitative genetic model. In the first case study, a null model of neutral evolution is tested for global cranial shape biodistance using two analytical approaches: Mantel tests, and Procrustes rotation of 3D multidimensional scaled ordinations of original distance matrices. The results confirm that overall global patterns of cranial shape variation broadly conform to neutral expectations. However, population-specific residual analyses show that some populations conform less well to the neutral model and may be affected by climatic adaptation. The results from the second case study, using the same analytical techniques, show that, contrary to cranial shape biodistance, mandibular biodistance does not conform to neutral expectation, correlating instead with major differences in subsistence behavior among groups. These case studies further illustrate the flexibility of a biodistance matrix framework for integrating multiple potential sources of information regarding neutral population history and nonneutral adaptation, at a broad global level.
Evaluation of detector readout gain mode and bowtie filters for cone-beam CT imaging of the head.

The effects of detector readout gain mode and bowtie filters on cone-beam CT (CBCT) image quality and dose were characterized for a new CBCT system developed for point-of-care imaging of the head, with potential application to diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and stroke. A detector performance model was extended to include the effects of detector readout gain on electronic digitization noise. The noise performance for high-gain (HG), low-gain (LG), and dual-gain (DG) detector readout was evaluated, and the benefit associated with HG mode in regions free from detector saturation was quantified. Such benefit could be realized (without detector saturation) either via DG mode or by incorporation of a bowtie filter. Therefore, three bowtie filters were investigated that varied in thickness and curvature. A polyenergetic gain correction method was developed to equalize the detector response between the flood-field and projection data in the presence of a bowtie. The effect of bowtie filters on dose, scatter-to-primary ratio, contrast, and noise was quantified in phantom studies, and results were compared to a high-speed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to characterize x-ray scatter and dose distributions in the head. Imaging in DG mode improved the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by ~15% compared to LG mode at a dose (D 0, measured at the center of a 16 cm CTDI phantom) of 19 mGy. MC dose calculations agreed with CTDI measurements and showed that bowtie filters reduce peripheral dose by as much as 50% at the same central dose. Bowtie filters were found to increase the CNR per unit square-root dose near the center of the image by ~5–20% depending on bowtie thickness, but reduced CNR in the periphery by ~10–40%. Images acquired at equal CTDIw with and without a bowtie demonstrated a 24% increase in CNR at the center of an anthropomorphic head phantom. Combining a thick bowtie filter with a short arc (180° + fan angle) scan centered on the posterior of the head reduced dose to the eye lens by up to 90%. Acquisition in DG mode (without a bowtie filter) was beneficial to the detection of small, low contrast lesions (e.g. subtle ICH) in CBCT. While bowtie filters were found to reduce dose, mitigate sensor saturation at the periphery in HG mode, and improve CNR at the center of the image, the image quality at the periphery was slightly reduced compared to DG mode, and the use of a bowtie required careful implementation of the polyenergetic flood-field correction to avoid artifacts.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors

The high-quality evidence on epidemiology of gastric cardiac carcinoma in recent decades suggests a rising incidence in East Asian countries but not so in Western countries. However, risk factors of gastric cardiac carcinoma remain elusive and are not the same as those of esophageal or distal gastric non-cardiac carcinomas, although some single-center studies show the evidence for aging, obesity, environmental toxin, and history of cancer, especially esophageal cancer, as the potential independent risk factors, which remains to be validated.
Ignition delay time correlations for distillate fuels

Abstract Ignition delay times were measured behind reflected shock waves in a shock tube for a wide variety of distillate fuels over a range of temperatures, pressures and mixtures. The fuels studied include: jet fuels (JP-5, JP-8, and Jet A), rocket propellants (RP-2), diesel fuels (F-76 and DF-2) and gasoline. A simple correlation was found to describe the ignition delay times for all these fuel/air experiments for equivalence ratios near unity, temperatures from 1000 to 1400 K, and pressures from 6 to 60 atm. A simple correlation was also found for low-fuel-concentration experiments diluted in argon. Previously published ignition delay time data were found to be in good agreement with these correlations. Finally, for several fuels studied, systematic variations were seen in the activation energy for ignition delay time measurements with varying equivalence ratio and oxygen concentration.
A partial flip classroom exercise in a large introductory general biology course increases performance at multiple levels

AbstractIncorporation of active learning into large lecture classes is gaining popularity as a pedagogical method due to its known benefits in helping learning outcomes. A more recent active learning technique that has emerged is the flipped classroom. In this study, we investigated the effects of incorporating a ‘partial-flip’ into an introductory general biology course, where only a portion of the class time was spent in a flipped classroom format. This partial flip presented the classic biology experiment of Meselson and Stahl that discovered the mechanism of DNA replication. Performance on in-class formative assessments and subsequent summative assessments (eg out-of-class assignments and exams relating to this material) was compared between a class that had the partial flip and a control class that had a traditional lecture. The partial flip students scored higher on in-class formative questions, specific exam questions and final exam essay questions. We found that the partial flip had different effe...
Incorporating Evidence-Based Medicine into Your Daily Life

Keeping up to date on the medical literature can be a daunting task. Yet, doing so is a critical part of every hospitalists ’ life. Staying abreast of studies and contemporary medical knowledge is important to guide your medical decision-making to ensure you are providing the best care possible to your patients. However, it is not feasible to read every new study that pertains to hospitalists given the rapidly expanding scientific literature. To be an effective hospitalist, you must become an expert in strategies to quickly and efficiently access the medical literature to assure you are making the best decisions for your patients based on current evidence. This chapter aims to provide you with a framework with which to organize your questions and strategies to incorporate evidence-based medicine into you daily practice.
The susceptibility of bovine, canine and ovine α-crystallins to γ-irradiation

Abstract 1. 1. Irradiation of lyophilized native α-crystalline with γ-rays produced insolubility, fragmentation and aggregation as revealed by sedimentation, and changes in viscosity. 2. 2. α-Crystallin solutions irrdiated at 2 and 4 per cent protein concentrations exhibit fragmentation, aggregation and increase in viscosity. 3. 3. Canine α-crystallin was the most susceeptible to irradiation when lyophilized and in 4 per cent solution, whereas bovine α-crystallin was the most susceptible in 2 per cent solution. 4. 4. Alkaline-modified bovine α-crystallin, already altered, showed little change with increasing irradiation dosage when lyophilized and in solution. 5. 5. α-Crystallin appear to be two to three times as susceptible to irradiation as are bovine fibrinogen and serum albumin.
The Paterson Plan and Australian Butter Prices

The Commonwealth of Australia has a surplus of butter each year varying widely with changes in conditions affecting production. This surplus, fluctuating between some 20 and 50 per cent of the output in any seasonal year, and selling chiefly in English markets, has the effect normally of maintaining Australian prices for the entire output at "London parity" or at the equivalent of the net London price. Beginning with January 1, 1926, and continuing to date (September 1, 1928), a very definitely established shift in price relationship is indicated by available data as between the local prices in Australia and the London prices of Australian butter with a material margin since that time in favor of the former.
GPU Erasure Coding for Campaign Storage

High-performance computing (HPC) demands high bandwidth and low latency in I/O performance leading to the development of storage systems and I/O software components that strive to provide greater and greater performance. However, capital and energy budgets along with increasing storage capacity requirements have motivated the search for lower cost, large storage systems for HPC. With Burst Buffer technology increasing the bandwidth and reducing the latency for I/O between the compute and storage systems, the back-end storage bandwidth and latency requirements can be reduced, especially underneath an adequately sized modern parallel file system. Cloud computing has led to the development of large, low-cost storage solutions where design has focused on high capacity, availability, and low energy consumption at lowest cost. Cloud computing storage systems leverage duplicates and erasure coding technology to provide high availability at much lower cost than traditional HPC storage systems. Leveraging certain cloud storage infrastructure and concepts in HPC would be valuable economically in terms of cost-effective performance for certain storage tiers. To enable the use of cloud storage technologies for HPC we study the architecture for interfacing cloud storage between the HPC parallel file systems and the archive storage. In this paper, we report our comparison of two erasure coding implementations for the Ceph file system. We compare measurements of various degrees of sharding that are relevant for HPC applications. We show that the Gibraltar GPU Erasure coding library outperforms a CPU implementation of an erasure coding plugin for the Ceph object storage system, opening the potential for new ways to architect such storage systems based on Ceph.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from clinical trials over the past 25 years

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease. A major breakthrough in treatment came when, after decades of clinical trials which failed to identify an efficacious treatment regimen, two therapies were successful in Phase-III trials. The advent of these therapies, nintedanib and pirfenidone, meant that for the first time IPF patients had two treatment options that could reduce disease progression. This review summarises the key lessons to be obtained from the clinical trials that led to the current international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of IPF and provides insights for the design of future clinical trials that are needed if we are to improve outcomes that are clinically meaningful to IPF patients.
An analytical model of a curved beam with a T shaped cross section

Abstract This paper derives a comprehensive analytical dynamic model of a closed circular beam that has a T shaped cross section. The new model includes in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations derived using continuous media expressions which produces results that have a valid frequency range above those available from traditional lumped parameter models. The web is modeled using two-dimensional elasticity equations for in-plane motion and the classical flexural plate equation for out-of-plane motion. The flange is modeled using two sets of Donnell shell equations: one for the left side of the flange and one for the right side of the flange. The governing differential equations are solved with unknown wave propagation coefficients multiplied by spatial domain and time domain functions which are inserted into equilibrium and continuity equations at the intersection of the web and flange and into boundary conditions at the edges of the system resulting in 24 algebraic equations. These equations are solved to yield the wave propagation coefficients and this produces a solution to the displacement field in all three dimensions. An example problem is formulated and compared to results from finite element analysis.
Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation (SHAPE)

Portal hypertension results from obstruction of the portal blood flow. An increase of over 5 mmHg in the pressure gradient between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) or the hepatic vein defines portal hypertension. The current clinical technique for measuring the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is invasive. Noninvasive techniques have very poor sensitivity for portal pressure estimation and are therefore, not accurate enough to be used routinely for diagnosis of portal hypertension. Thus, an alternative accurate, noninvasive ultrasound based procedure would be a major development in the diagnosis of portal hypertension making the diagnosis safer, quicker and cheaper. Our group has proposed the use of ultrasound contrast agents as pressure sensors (i.e., Subharmonic Aided Pressure Estimation, SHAPE) for noninvasive, quantitative pressure estimation in portal hypertension. SHAPE is based on the inverse relationship between the subharmonic amplitude of the microbubbles and the ambient pressure change. A pilot study was conducted with 45 patients; the SHAPE gradient between the portal and hepatic veins was in good overall agreement with the clinical HVPG measurements (r = 0.82). Patients at increased risk for variceal hemorrhage (HVPG >12 mmHg) had a significantly higher mean subharmonic gradient than patients with lower HVPGs (1.93 dB ± 0.61 vs 21.47 dB ± 0.29; p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81%, indicating that SHAPE may be a useful tool for the diagnosis of clinically important portal hypertension. A large, multi-center trial is now underway and early results appear to confirm these initial findings.
Quality signaling via strikethrough prices

Abstract Why do firms often advertise their current price together with their past price? Although consumers expect high quality products to have high prices, such firms may optimally charge lower prices when faced with low production costs. Thus in markets in which quality is difficult to ascertain and costs often fall over time, for example technology products, high quality firms may face a challenge of signaling their quality through current price alone. In this paper we develop a price signaling model in which uninformed consumers draw inference not only from the current price but also the prior period's price (the “strikethrough price”) if the firm chooses to disclose it. We find that a high quality firm benefits from using strikethrough pricing when the prior probability of high quality is relatively low while the probability of costs falling is relatively high.
Deploying solar energy with community choice aggregation: A carbon fee model

Abstract This article investigates solar photovoltaic deployment through community choice aggregation programs. A case study of a solar energy program facilitated through a public energy council in Southeastern Ohio is highlighted, which used a ‘carbon fee’ model to collect a 0.2 cents per kilowatt hour incremental fee above the standard aggregation rate. This premium funds the development of behind-the-meter solar installations, and may serve as an exemplary approach for other aggregation programs to deploy solar.
Enumerating consistent sub-graphs of directed acyclic graphs: an insight into biomedical ontologies.

Motivation Modern problems of concept annotation associate an object of interest (gene, individual, text document) with a set of interrelated textual descriptors (functions, diseases, topics), often organized in concept hierarchies or ontologies. Most ontology can be seen as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), where nodes represent concepts and edges represent relational ties between these concepts. Given an ontology graph, each object can only be annotated by a consistent sub-graph; that is, a sub-graph such that if an object is annotated by a particular concept, it must also be annotated by all other concepts that generalize it. Ontologies therefore provide a compact representation of a large space of possible consistent sub-graphs; however, until now we have not been aware of a practical algorithm that can enumerate such annotation spaces for a given ontology. Results We propose an algorithm for enumerating consistent sub-graphs of DAGs. The algorithm recursively partitions the graph into strictly smaller graphs until the resulting graph becomes a rooted tree (forest), for which a linear-time solution is computed. It then combines the tallies from graphs created in the recursion to obtain the final count. We prove the correctness of this algorithm, propose several practical accelerations, evaluate it on random graphs and then apply it to characterize four major biomedical ontologies. We believe this work provides valuable insights into the complexity of concept annotation spaces and its potential influence on the predictability of ontological annotation. Availability and implementation https://github.com/shawn-peng/counting-consistent-sub-DAG. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Heinävaara’s Second Proof of the Dobsch–Donoghue Theorem

In this chapter, we provide a really short, simple, and elegant proof due to Heinavaara of Theorem 6.1. It will be a direct consequence of the mean value theorem for divided differences. Below, \({\mathcal P}_n\) will denote the real polynomials of degree at most n, a real vector space of dimension n + 1.
Records of RNA localization through covalent tagging

ABSTRACT RNA movements and localization pervade biology, from embryonic development to disease. To identify RNAs at specific subcellular locations, we anchored a uridine-adding enzyme at those sites, which then marked RNAs in its vicinity with 3’ terminal uridines. RNAs were tagged independent of their translation status, and included not only mRNAs, but also ncRNAs and ncRNA processing intermediates. A battery of RNAs, including the stress sensor, IRE1, were tagged at both ER and mitochondria, and reveal RNAs whose dual localization is conserved from yeast to human cells.
TFH lymphomas: the times they aza-changin'?

In this issue of Blood, O’Connor and colleagues report a phase 1 study of romidepsin combined with oral azacytidine in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) lymphomas, including complete remissions among 3 patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and single patients with multiple other lymphoma subsets.
A framework for assessing the impact of private climate governance

Abstract The growing sense of urgency by the public for action to address climate change stands in stark contrast to the slow pace and limited accomplishments of national and international institutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Political institutions face significant structural barriers to taking strong and rapid action to cut emissions, but private environmental governance has potential to avoid those barriers and achieve rapid emissions reductions. It appears unlikely that private governance alone can reduce emissions enough to stabilize the climate, but it does have the potential to reduce emissions sufficiently and quickly enough to buy time for enacting more comprehensive public governance measures. In this Perspective, we review what is known about private governance, present a framework for analyzing private governance initiatives, outline the prospects of the framework for understanding and guiding private governance, and identify future research priorities for applying this framework.
Preliminary evaluation of the clinical implementation of cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain management in pediatric sickle cell disease.

Abstract Objectives Evaluate the implementation of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic pain in a clinical setting by comparing youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) who initiated or did not initiate CBT. Design Youth with SCD (ages 6–18; n = 101) referred for CBT for chronic pain were compared based on therapy attendance: Established Care; Early Termination; or Comparison (i.e., did not initiate CBT). Setting Outpatient pediatric psychology and comprehensive SCD clinics in 3 locations at a southeastern children’s hospital. Interventions CBT delivery was standardized. Treatment plans were tailored to meet individualized needs. Main Outcome Measures: Healthcare utilization included pain-related inpatient admissions, total inpatient days, and emergency department reliance (EDR) at 12-months pre-post CBT. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included typical pain intensity, functional disability, and coping efficacy pre-post treatment. Results Adjusting for age, genotype, and hydroxyurea, early terminators of CBT had increased rates of admissions and hospital days over time relative to comparisons; those who established care had faster reduction in admissions and hospital days over time relative to comparisons. EDR decreased by 0.08 over time for Established Care and reduced by 0.01 for every 1 completed session. Patients who completed pre- and post-treatment PROs reported decreases in typical pain intensity, functional disability, and improved coping efficacy. Conclusions Establishing CBT care may support reductions in admissions for pain, length of stay, and EDR for youth with chronic SCD pain, which may be partially supported by patient-reported improvements in functioning, coping, and lower pain intensity following CBT. Enhancing clinical implementation of multidisciplinary treatments may optimize the health of these youth.
Baseline Gonadotropin Levels and Testosterone Response in Hypogonadal Men Treated With Clomiphene Citrate.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of baseline gonadotropins in predicting the biochemical response to clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of data from hypogonadal men treated with CC in 2 high-volume fertility centers between 2013 and 2018. Patient age, body mass index, and baseline hormones (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], and total testosterone [TT]) were obtained. Response to treatment was measured as changes in TT levels within 6 months of initiating CC treatment. Linear regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, and time on CC therapy were fitted to assess the associations between baseline LH and FSH levels with treatment response. RESULTS A total of 332 men with mean ± standard deviation age of 36.2 ± 8.2 years were included. Median time to initial follow-up was 6 weeks (25th-75th interquartile range [IQR]: 4-9 weeks). TT levels increased significantly on CC treatment (mean change: 329.2 ng/dL, 95% CI: 307.4-351.0) with 73% of men having at least 200 ng/dL increase over baseline TT levels. In univariable linear regression models, only age was significantly associated with TT response. Neither the baseline LH nor FSH significantly predicted TT response in linear regression models. CONCLUSION CC treatment results in significant increases in testosterone levels in most men. Baseline gonadotropins are not strong predictors for treatment response to CC. Adequate biochemical response with CC trial can be expected in most patients with normal or slightly elevated baseline gonadotropin levels.
Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: a report of 100 consecutive cases.

Introduction: Effective surgical therapy for ventral and incisional hernias is problematic. Recurrence rates following primary repair range as high as 25-49%, and breakdown following conventional treatment of recurrent hernias can exceed 50%. As an alternative, laparoscopic techniques offer the potential benefits of decreased pain and a shorter hospital stay. This study evaluates the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for ventral herniorrhaphy. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for 100 consecutive patients with ventral hernias who underwent laparoscopic repair at our institutions between November 1995 and May 1998. All patients who presented during this period and were candidates for a mesh hernia repair were treated via an endoscopic approach. Results: One hundred patients underwent a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. There were 48 men and 52 women. The patients were typically obese, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31 kg/m 2 . Each had undergone an average of 2.5 (range; 0-8) previous laparotomies. Forty-nine repairs were performed for recurrent hernias. An average of two patients (range; 1-7) had previously failed open herniorhaphies; in 20 cases, intraabdominal polypropylene mesh was present. There were no conversions to open operation. The mean size of the defects was large at 87 cm 2 (range; 1-480). In all cases, the mesh (average, 287 cm 2 ) was secured with transabdominal sutures and metal tacks or staples. Operative time and estimated blood loss averaged 88 min (range; 18-270) and 30 cc (range; 10-150). Length of stay averaged 1.6 days (range; 0-4). There were 12 minor and (two) major complications: cellulitis of the trocar site (two), seroma lasting >4 weeks (three), postoperative ileus (two), suture site pain > 2 weeks (two), urinary retention (one), respiratory distress (one), serosal bowel injury (one), and skin breakdown (one) and bowel injury (one). Both of the latter complications required mesh removal. With an average follow-up of 22.5 months (range; 7-37), there have been (three) recurrences. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach to the repair of both primary and recurrent ventral henias offers a low conversion rate, a short hospital stay, and few complications. At 23 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate has been 3%. Laparoscopic repair should be considered a viable option for any ventral hernia.
Impact of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight and head circumference.

BACKGROUND Pregnant mothers with opioid dependency commonly receive maintenance treatment of opioid (OMT), either as buprenorphine (BMT) or methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We investigated, whether OMT adversely affects standardized neonatal anthropometric outcomes and whether BMT is potentially safer than MMT in this regard. METHODS Retrospective chart review of mother infant dyad, with and without OMT. Infant's absolute and standardized (z-score) anthropometric outcomes at birth were first compared, between OMT and control group (negative meconium drug screen), and then between BMT and MMT group. These outcomes were also compared between infants who did or did not require treatment after birth for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). RESULT A total of 1479 participants with MDS were included [Control = 1251; OMT = 228 (MMT = 181; BMT = 47)]. Both the z-scores of birth weight (BW) and head circumference (HC) was lower in OMT group (p < 0.001). Among the OMT group, GA at delivery was slightly higher in the BMT group (p = 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between maternal dose at the time of delivery and anthropometric z-scores in the BMT group, mainly in female infants (BW: p = 0.006; HC: p = 0.003). Furthermore, In BMT group, infants with lower HC were more likely to require treatment for NAS (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION HC and BW when comparing Z-scores were not different between MMT and BMT. High maternal dosing of buprenorphine is associated with lower BW and HC Z-scores but dose effect is not seen with methadone. In addition, there seems to be an association between NAS severity and HC, especially in the BMT group.
Halo vest immobilization - an institutional review of safety in acute cervical spine injury from 2013 to 2017.

Objective: Halo vest immobilization (HVI) remains an important treatment option for occipital-cervical injuries. It provides the surgeon with a safe and effective medical treatment options for challenging patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of HVI in these patients.Methods: This retrospective study identified adult patients treated with Halo vests immobilization (HVI) for acute cervical spine injury at our metropolitan level 1 trauma center from 2013 to 2017. This heterogenous cohort included 67 consecutive patients with acute cervical spine injury secondary to trauma or iatrogenic injury following surgical intervention with a mean age of 52 and a mean injury severity score (ISS) of 18. Forty-six percent of patients were treated with HVI as an adjunct therapy to surgical fixation (both short- and long-term immobilization), 45% of patients were treated with HVI as a primary medical treatment, and 9% of patients were treated with HVI instead of failed conservative medical treatment, such as cervical braces. Results: Pneumonia during the initial hospital stay was the most common complication (25%), followed by the correction of loose pins (22%) and pin site infections (18%). Overall, 51% of patients experienced at least one of these complications. There were significant associations between low initial GCS scores and the development of pneumonia (p < 0.001), high ISS scores and the development of pneumonia (p < 0.01), and duration of HVI and the occurrence of loose pins (p < 0.05). Four patients initially treated with HVI as primary medical treatment was converted to surgical treatment due to an intolerance of HVI or non-healing injuries.Conclusions:The HVI is a safe and effective treatment modality in a subset of patients with complex cervical junction and subaxial cervical spine pathology.
Perceptions of Disease-Site Specific Chart Rounds at an Academic Institution.

Purpose/objective(s) Despite the prevalence and importance of peer review, there remains a paucity of evidence on different formats of peer review. The purpose of this study was to understand current perceptions of disease-site specific chart rounds at a single institution considering transitioning from practice-site specific chart rounds to disease-site specific chart rounds. Materials/methods An electronic survey was distributed to faculty (24 attendings and 18 physicists), dosimetrists, nurses, therapists, and trainees at an academic institution that has weekly departmental chart rounds. The survey consisted of 13 questions on demographics, perceptions of current chart rounds, and perceptions of disease-site specific chart rounds. ANOVA and Chi-square testing were used to analyze the data. Criteria for statistical significance was P Results A total of 35 (55%) responses were received, 18 of 24 (75%) attendings responded. Of all respondents, 51% were attendings, 23% were physicists, 14% were residents, 9% were dosimetrists, and 3% was a therapist. Attending responses were distributed across all disease sites which included CNS, Head and Neck, Thoracic, Breast, GI, GU, GYN, Pediatric, Palliative, Skin, Sarcoma, and Hematologic (P = 0.218). Most respondents (19; 54%) favored transitioning to disease-specific chart rounds (26% strongly agreed and 29% agreed, whereas 11% disagreed and 9% strongly disagreed). Most respondents (23; 66%) believed disease-specific chart rounds would improve patient safety (26% strongly agreed and 40% agreed, while 11% disagreed and 3% strongly disagreed). Most respondents (27; 77%) believed disease-site specific chart rounds would improve the quality of patient plans (29% strongly agreed and 49% agreed, whereas 11% disagreed and 3% strongly disagreed). Most respondents (23; 66%) believed disease-site specific chart rounds would improve education for trainees (29% strongly agreed and 37% agreed, while 11% disagreed and none strongly disagreed). Most attendings favored transitioning to disease-specific chart rounds (50% agreed and 17% disagreed). All physicists favored transitioning to disease-specific chart rounds. Respondents who favored transitioning to disease-specific chart rounds were significantly more likely to believe that disease-specific chart rounds would improve patient safety (P Conclusion Most respondents favored transitioning to disease-specific chart rounds. Furthermore, most respondents believed disease-specific chart rounds would improve patient safety, the quality of patient plans, and trainee education. Further research will be conducted and presented measuring the impact after implementation.
Complex event recognition using constrained low-rank representation

Complex event recognition is the problem of recognizing events in long and unconstrained videos. In this extremely challenging task, concepts have recently shown a promising direction where core low-level events (referred to as concepts) are annotated and modeled using a portion of the training data, then each complex event is described using concept scores, which are features representing the occurrence confidence for the concepts in the event. However, because of the complex nature of the videos, both the concept models and the corresponding concept scores are significantly noisy. In order to address this problem, we propose a novel low-rank formulation, which combines the precisely annotated videos used to train the concepts, with the rich concept scores. Our approach finds a new representation for each event, which is not only low-rank, but also constrained to adhere to the concept annotation, thus suppressing the noise, and maintaining a consistent occurrence of the concepts in each event. Extensive experiments on large scale real world dataset TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection 2011 and 2012 demonstrate that our approach consistently improves the discriminativity of the concept scores by a significant margin. A novel low-rank model for complex event representationSemantic cues are induced in our model by constraining it to follow human annotation.We demonstrate extensive experiments on TRECVID MED 11 and MED 12.We compare our method to seven recent methods and achieve state of the art.
Animal Rights: A Very Short Introduction David DeGrazia

(2002). Animal Rights: A Very Short Introduction David DeGrazia. Anthrozoos: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 273-277.
Cognitive and behavioral adaptations to perceived crowding: a panel study of coping and displacement.

This paper uses panel data of boaters at the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore to test the relationship of perceived crowding in 1975 to attitude changes (cognitive coping strategies), and behavio...
Nucleophilic 1,2-additions to the carbonyl group of p-quinones

Abstract The tendency of certain nucleophiles to perform 1,2-additions to the CO group of p-quinones has been demonstrated. The nucleophile was 2,2,2-trimethoxy—4,5-dimethyl-2,2-dihydro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholene, made from biacetyl and trimethyl phosphite. The products of the 1,2-additions to p-benzoquinone and to 1,4-naphthoquinone were derivatives of the 2,2-dihydro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane ring system with pentacovalent phosphorus. These pentaoxyphosphoranes were converted by one equivalent of water into biacetyl, methanol and the phosphate ester of the corresponding hydroquinone. Methanol induced a molecular rearrangement of the pentaoxyphosphoranes; the products were methyl acetate, trimethyl phosphate and the p-acetyl-phenols, i.e. acetophenone and 1-hydroxy-4-acetyl-naphthalene, respectively.
Geometric Transformations of the Euclidean Plane

The presentation of non-Euclidean geometry in Chapter 2 was synthetic, that is, figures were studied directly and without use of their algebraic representations. This reflects the manner in which both Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries were originally developed. However, in the 17th century, French mathematicians Pierre de Fermat (1601–1665) and Rene Descartes (1596–1650) began using algebraic representations of figures. They realized that by assigning to each point in the plane an ordered pair of real numbers, algebraic techniques could be employed in the study of Euclidean geometry. This study of figures in terms of their algebraic representations by equations is known as analytic geometry.
Access-to-information laws: they're there, if MDs want to use them

Federal access-to-information requests are sent directly to the departments involved. Applications are available at infosource .gc.ca /Info \_4/atip/Request-Frms\_e.html . Here are the steps needed to make most of them: · Identify the target department and ensure that it is the correct one. For
On One class of Hermite projectors

We conjecture that every ideal projector on $${\mathbb {C}}\left[ x_1,\ldots ,x_d\right] $$ whose kernel is generated by precisely d polynomials is Hermite (i.e., the limit of Lagrange interpolation projectors). We validate this conjecture in case the d generators of the kernel have no roots at infinity.
The use of electronic spreadsheet programs in semiconductors and solid state devices courses

The author attempts to show the ability and potential of electronic spreadsheet programs to investigate important parameters of semiconductor materials and solid-state devices by describing an academic experiment that included the use of Lotus 1-2-3 in introductory courses on electronic materials and semiconductor devices. The spreadsheet concept proved to be a useful tool for the students' learning process and for the assignment of open-ended problems. Most of the students liked the use of spreadsheets in the course, and some enthusiastically expanded them to provide different graphical representations for the parameters studied. The use of spreadsheets was also well received because of the ease in which certain parameters can be changed and because of the ability to obtain an organized plot of the output(s). The class procedure and implementation using Lotus 1-2-3 are described. >
Position Paper On Use Of Stereoscopy To Support Science Learning: Ten Years Of Research

Stereoscopys potential as a tool for science education has been largely eclipsed by its popularity as an entertainment platform and marketing gimmick. Dozens of empirical papers have been published in the last decade about the impact of stereoscopy on learning. As a result, a corpus of research now points to a coherent message about how, when, and where stereoscopy can be most effective in supporting science education. This position paper synthesizes that research with examples from three studies recently completed and published by the authors of this paper. Results of the synthesis point towards generally limited successful uses of stereoscopic media in science education with a pocket of potentially beneficial applications. Our position is that stereoscopy should be used only where its unique properties can accommodate specific requirements of understanding topics and tasks namely visualizations where the spatial sense of depth is germane to conveying core ideas and cognitive load is high. Stereoscopys impact on learning is also related to the spatial ability of the viewer. More research is needed on the effect of novelty, long-term learning and possible learning differences between the various methods of implementing stereoscopy.
Outcome Evaluation Results of School-Based Cybersafety Promotion and Cyberbullying Prevention Intervention for Middle School Students

Guided largely by the Extended Parallel Process Model, the Arizona Attorney General's Social Networking Safety Promotion and Cyberbullying Prevention presentation attempts to shape, change, and reinforce middle school students' perceptions, attitudes, and intentions related to these important social issues. This study evaluated the short-term effects of this presentation in a field experiment using a posttest-only control-group design with random assignment to conditions. A total of 425 sixth, seventh, and eighth graders at a public middle school in a large Southwestern city participated in this study. Results reveal several interesting trends across grade levels regarding cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, and concerning access to various communication technologies. The intervention had the hypothesized main effect on eight of the dependent variables under investigation. Examination of condition by grade interaction effects offered further support for an additional four hypotheses (i.e., the intervention positively affected or reversed a negative trend on four dependent variables in at least one grade). Ideas and implications for future social networking safety promotion and cyberbullying prevention interventions are discussed.
Calibration of the Verification Engineering Test Article-I (VETA-I) for AXAF using the VETA-I X-ray Detection System

Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) X-ray optics testing is conducted by VETA-I, which consists of six nested Wolter type I grazing-incidence mirrors; VETA's X-ray Detection System (VXDS) in turn measures the imaging properties of VETA-I, yielding FWHM and encircled energy of the X-ray image obtained, as well as its effective area. VXDS contains a high resolution microchannel plate imaging X-ray detector and a pinhole scanning system in front of proportional-counter detectors. VETA-I's X-ray optics departs from the AXAF flight configuration in that it uses a temporary holding fixture; its mirror elements are not cut to final length, and are not coated with the metal film used to maximize high-energy reflection.
Source enlargement for light projectors.

The advent of the iodine cycle incandescent lamp with its single coil filament has necessitated new approaches to the design of light projection systems. Older systems generally used planar or biplanar filament lamps which form a square or rectangular image upon projection that could be conveniently spread to the desired field size by conventional spread type fluted lenses. The single coil filament, especially if it is mounted axially to the reflector axis, will project an intense circular spot in the illuminated field which defies spreading or smoothing by conventional means. Correction of this defect falls under the general classification of source enlarging and may be accomplished in either of two ways: (1) by an optical element surrounding the source to increase its apparent size; or (2) by small optical elements on the surface of the reflector which in effect become secondary light projectors with the desired beam divergence. This paper discusses the optical parameters that govern the design of these systems.
Interlayer toughened unidirectional carbon prepreg systems: effect of preformed particle morphology

Abstract A new production process was used to change the surface morphology and reduce the water sensitivity of a commercial preformed rubber particle used for interlayer composite toughening. These particles were incorporated in a model epoxy resin and impregnated into unidirectional carbon fibers. The mode II fracture toughness of a laminate made with experimental particles was 250% higher than the control system and 100% higher than a laminate made with the commercial preformed rubber particles. The new particles were also found to reduce the damage area resulting from impact; however, the ultimate laminate compression strength after impact was lower for the experimental particle modified composite than the commercial particle modified laminate. The composites were also subjected to hot–wet conditions and the initial water absorption rate was less for the experimental particle modified laminates than the laminate containing the commercial material. Yet, after 6400 h, the laminates made with experimental particles were found to absorb more water than the other materials.