cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Video NeuroImages: A Case of Lance Adams Syndrome With Seesaw Nystagmus

Seesaw nystagmus (SSN) is a rare ocular manifestation characterized by cyclic movement of the eyes with a conjugate torsional component and a disjunctive vertical component. We present a 29-year-old woman with alcohol withdrawal seizure resulting in anoxic brain injury secondary to respiratory failure. On examination, she had multifocal myoclonus, dystonia, and SSN (video). The proposed mechanism is inactivation of the torsional eye-velocity integrator, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, with sparing of the torsional fast-phase generator, the rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF. This is a unique case of Lance Adams syndrome1,2 combined with SSN.
Stellar Populations in the Phoenix Dwarf (dIrr/dSph) Galaxy as Observed by Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2*

We present Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 photometry of the central regions of the Phoenix dwarf galaxy. Accurate photometry allows us to (1) confirm the existence of the horizontal branch previously detected by ground-based observations and use it to determine a distance to Phoenix, (2) clearly detect the existence of multiple ages in the stellar population of Phoenix, (3) determine a mean metallicity of the old red giant branch stars in Phoenix and suggest that Phoenix has evolved chemically over its lifetime, and (4) extract a rough star formation history for the central regions, which suggests that Phoenix has been forming stars roughly continuously over its entire lifetime.
Exploring the Factors that Determine the Success of Litigation Crowdfunding: Implications for Social Justice

Abstract Civil litigation is increasingly expensive; many victims are unable to afford court charges and attorney fees. This limits a plaintiff's ability to sue. Crowdfunding has emerged as a new way to cover expenses. This article explores factors that contribute to success in litigation crowdfunding. Using data from CrowdJustice we study the impact of valence, arousal, and dominance in case description, on the funding success, considering the number of pledges, target amount, description, country, and category of the cases. Our findings show that while valence and arousal are negatively associated, dominance is positively associated, with funding success. All three associations are stronger for public interest cases. We highlight the importance of affective words and offer evidence of affect-driven decision-making in backers seeking to support crowdfunding litigation cases. Next, we highlight the power of the crowd, and show that cases concerning causes with public awareness are most likely to be successful. Therefore, the scale of the support base is crucial. For crowdfunding litigators, attaching the right cause amplifies the impact of affective words on the likelihood of successful funding. This has ethical and justice implications for crowdfunding platform design.
Wall-modeled large-eddy simulation of a trailing-edge serration-finlet configuration

This paper proposes a novel trailing-edge treatment to reduce airfoil self-noise: a serration–finlet configuration. According to the current literature, while serrations are good at reducing low-frequency noise, finlets are able to significantly reduce noise at high frequencies. Therefore, it is possible that their combination can reduce noise at all frequencies. Wall-modeled large-eddy simulations are performed to compare a serration–finlet configuration to a clean airfoil, an airfoil with serrations only, and an airfoil with finlets only. It is shown that the serration–finlet configuration reduces the far-field overall sound pressure level by 20.2 dB and has an improved aerodynamic performance. The detailed flow physics of noise reduction with the serration–finlet configuration is also investigated. It is found that the serration–finlet configuration remarkably reduces far-field noise by improving the hydrodynamic field at source locations. In particular, near-wall velocity and turbulence kinetic energy are reduced. Large coherent eddies are also broken into smaller turbulent structures. The interactions between serrations and finlets are proven to be beneficial from both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic perspectives. Overall, the current research provides a low-noise solution for wind turbines and the future’s ultra-quiet aircraft.
EXITING POVERTY THROUGH SELF-EMPLOYMENT: THE GRAMEEN MODEL AND ROTATING CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS AS ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES

Self-employment in the informal sector keeps poor people alive, but it rarely enables them to exit poverty. To exit poverty through self-employment, poor people require monetary and non-monetary re...
KKI-NECT: Kennedy krieger institute’s network for early childhood tele-education (US)

Introduction The Kennedy Krieger Institute Network for Early Childhood Tele-Education (KKI-NECT) is a federally funded ECHO project. Its hub consists of a child psychiatrist, developmental pediatricians and a behavioral psychologist. Its community partners are primary care providers(PCPs) in underserved areas. Its goal is to create local experts in early childhood behavioral, emotional and developmental disorders. Objectives After attendance at this session, the learner will be able to: 1. report the rates of co-occurring developmental, behavioral and emotional disorders presented by primary care participants 2. explain the efficacy of case based learning and a structured curriculum as a mechanism for expanding the workforce. The goal of this presentation is to build awareness of and interest in ECHOs specifically targeted to child behavioral, emotional and developmental issues. Methods Dr. Leppert will discuss KKI-NECT, particularly the process of procuring funding, setting up an ECHO, and getting institutional “buy-in". She will describe the use of case based learning and a structured curriculum in a longitudinal CME program, report the comorbidities in cases that participants present for discussion, and demonstrate the impact on participants’ practice. Results Data from four cohorts demonstrate that PCPs showed increased comfort levels, improved knowledge of behavioral, emotional and developmental disorders. PCPs expanded the scope issues they could address in their practice as a result of participation in KKI-NECT. Conclusion KKI-NECT is a viable response to the workforce shortage of child psychiatrists by confidently increasing the role of the PCP in treating childhood developmental and mental health disorders. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Embroidered Coils – Integration of Wireless Charging Receiver Coils in Smart Garments

In this paper, four kinds of conductive threads were studied and their uses on embroidered coils for wireless charging system were examined. The results show that the embroidered coils can achieve a quality factor of at least 3 without compromising the mechanical performance of the textile. A coil was embroidered directly on a T-shirt which shows that the fabrication of embroidered receiver (RX) coil might be integrated into the clothing manufacturing process.
Predicting customer poachability from locomotion intelligence

Businesses constantly seek out customers who are open to testing competitor offerings. While prior research mostly studies consumer surveys and within-store transactions to identify such customers, the current paper analyzes Third-Party mobile phone data to illustrate the role of environmental factors in changes to their physical competitor visit patterns. In this paper, we analyze GPS data of user movement between stores belonging to Limited-Service Restaurants (NAICS code: 722513) to identify states where customers are more likely to visit competitor stores. Utilizing Association Rule Mining, we compare Texas and Michigan, and show that the expansion and contraction of repertoire of competitor visits relates to the weather. As weather gets colder from September to December, travel inertia sets in and people visit fewer competitor stores, but the extent of the decline varies across states and brands.
- LET-23: LET-23 PTK (C. elegans)

LET-23 was identified genetically for its several roles in Caenorhabditis elegans development and identified as a member of the EGF receptor (EGFR) subfamily by its sequence. LET-23 is likely to be the receptor for LIN-3, the inductive signal for vulval formation. Analysis is so far entirely by genetics. LET-23 subunit structure has homomultimer based on intragenic complementation and has 1323 amino acids. Genetic evidence suggests that Sem-5 is the link between LET-23 and LET-60 ras. LET-23 has several consensus sites for binding of SH2 domains of Sem-5 and other proteins in its C-terminal tail. LET-23 is assayed in vivo by its effects on development using transgenic animals or chromosomal mutations: vulval induction and fertility in the hermaphrodite, spicule development in the male; viability past the first larval stage and PI2 neuroectoblast specification in both sexes.
An examination of the atmospheric chemistry of mercury using 210Pb and 7Be.

Measurements of Hg (total gas-phase, precipitation-phase andparticulate-phase), aerosol mass, particulate 210Pb and7Be and precipitation 210Pb were made at an atmosphericcollection station located in a near remote area of northcentral Wisconsin,U.S.A. (46°10′N, 89°50′W) during the summers of 1993, 1994and 1995. Total Hg and 210Pb were observed to correlate strongly(slope = 0.06 ± 0.03 ng mBq-1; r 2 =0.72) in rainwater. Mercury to 210Pb ratios in particulate matter(0.03 ± 0.02 ng mBq-1; r 2 = 0.06) wereconsistent with the ratio in rain. Enrichment of the Hg/mass ratio (approx.5–50×) relative to soil and primary pollutant aerosols indicatedthat gas-to-particle conversion had taken place during transport. Comparisonof these results with models for the incorporation of Hg into precipitationindicates that atmospheric particles deliver more Hg to precipitation than canbe explained by the presence of soot. A lack of correlation between totalgas-phase Hg (TGM) and a 7Be/210Pb function suggests novertical concentration gradient within the troposphere, and allows an estimateof TGM residence time of 1.5 ± 0.6 yr be made based on surface airsamples.
Post-trade transparency on Nasdaq's national market system

Abstract This article examines late trade reporting on the Nasdaq National Market System. A substantial number of trades are reported out-of-sequence on both absolute levels and relative to the combined centralized exchanges. We find minimal support for NASD permitted reasons for the late trade reporting. Evidence suggests that market makers could use late trade reporting to manage the release of information. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the delayed reporting of trades is neither a random occurrence nor fully explainable by factors outside the market maker's control.
The reaction of phenylarsine with aliphatic aldehydes: Preparation of 2,4,6-trialkyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxa-5-arsacyclohexanes

Abstract Phenylarsine and aliphatic aldehydes RCHO (R =CH3, C2H5, C3H7) reacted in a 1 3 molar ratio in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrochloric acid to produce 2,4,6-trialkyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxa-5-arsacyclohexanes. The structure of these compounds has been ascertained by NMR, IR and mass spectral methods.
A Rhetorical Revolution for Philosophy of Education

In recent years, philosophers of education have turned in their work to literary modes of inquiry for inspiration and direction. Typically this has been in utilizing literature as analytic support — stories and other narrative accounts as sites, evidence, and illustration. Less frequently there has been interest in adopting literary methods for philosophy of education; however, two examples are Greene’s existentialist criticism and Noddings’s experiential phenomenology. Of present interest is an even more direct attention to literary theory as a founding source. A pertinent example is the recent turn of Nicholas Burbules to narrative/historical tropes as a vehicle for postmodern philosophy of education. Burbules’s contribution is reprised at the conclusion.
Where the actions of environment (nutrition), gene and protein meet: beneficial role of fruit and vegetable juices in potentially delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

The present commentary is based on a thought – provoking and experiment – driven manuscript entitled “Supplementation with apple juice attenuates presenilin – 1 overexpression during dietary and genetically – induced oxidative stress” by A. Chan and T.B. Shea (University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA) [2]. The manuscript’s highlights are discussed, with a short review of the current perspective on the important topic of the effects of dietary supplementation on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The manuscript is focused to how apple juice concentrate (AJC) modulates the expression of the important AD – related protein presenilin (PS-1). This is a well – focused and well – defined study that tests a specific hypothesis in a potentially fruitful fashion. Using an interesting animal model, the investigators in the present work have examined the effect of dietary supplementation of AJC on the overexpression of PS-1, whose variant form participates in the overproduction of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), a major hallmark of AD. Notably, this work shows that AJC attenuates PS-1 overexpression during dietary and
Fast and Scalable Queue-Based Resource Allocation Lock on Shared-Memory Multiprocessors

We present a fast and scalable lock algorithm for shared-memory multiprocessors addressing the resource allocation problem. In this problem, threads compete for k shared resources where a thread may request an arbitrary number 1 ≤ h ≤ k of resources at the same time. The challenge is for each thread to acquire exclusive access to desired resources while preventing deadlock or starvation. Many existing approaches solve this problem in a distributed system, but the explicit message passing paradigm they adopt is not optimal for shared-memory. Other applicable methods, like two-phase locking and resource hierarchy, suffer from performance degradation under heavy contention, while lacking a desirable fairness guarantee. This work describes the first multi-resource lock algorithm that guarantees the strongest first-in, first-out (FIFO) fairness. Our methodology is based on a non-blocking queue where competing threads spin on previous conflicting resource requests. In our experimental evaluation we compared the overhead and scalability of our lock to the best available alternative approaches using a micro-benchmark. As contention increases, our multi-resource lock obtains an average of ten times speedup over the alternatives including GNU C++'s lock method and Boost's lock function.
Iron Deficiency Reduces the Hydrolysis of Cell Membrane Phosphatidyl Inositol-4,5-Bisphosphate during Splenic Lymphocyte Activation in C57BL/6 Mice

Iron deficiency impairs lymphocyte proliferation in humans and laboratory animals by unknown mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether this alteration can be attributed in part to impaired hydrolysis of cell membrane phosphatidyl inositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a required early event of T-lymphocyte activation. The study involved 46 iron-deficient (ID), 26 control (C) and 23 pair-fed (PF) mice, and ID mice that were repleted for 3 (n = 16), 7 (n = 17) or 14 d (n = 18). Mice were killed after 40-63 d (mean, 48 d) of consuming the test diet (0.09 mmol/kg iron) or the control diet (0.9 mmol/kg). The mean (+/-SEM) hemoglobin concentrations were 57 +/- 16.7, 176 +/- 2.6 and 181 +/- 9.7 g/L for ID, C and PF groups, respectively. After splenic lymphocytes were labeled in vitro with 3H-myoinositol for 3 h, PIP2 hydrolysis was estimated by measuring the radioactivity recovered as a mixture of inositol mono-, di- and triphosphate (IP) from concanavalin A (0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) activated cells. Although cells from ID mice and those from mice repleted for 3 d incorporated slightly more radioactivity in cellular phospholipids than did cells from C or PF mice, less (P < 0.005) was recovered as IP than in controls, suggesting impaired conversion of the precursor to PIP2. At almost all incubation periods (10-120 min) and mitogen concentrations, the rate of PIP2 hydrolysis expressed as the ratio of radioactivity obtained in Con A-treated to untreated cells was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in cells from ID mice compared with those obtained from C and PF mice. For cells that were activated for 60 min or less, iron repletion for 14 d significantly (P < 0.05) improved the rate of PIP2 hydrolysis. PIP2 hydrolysis positively and significantly (P < 0.05) correlated (r = 0.27-0.56) with indicators of iron status. Mitogenic response was also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in ID but not PF mice, and it was corrected by iron repletion for 3, 7 or 14 d. Lymphocyte proliferation positively (r = 0.27-0.37, P < 0.01) correlated with indices of iron status and IP ratios. The data suggest that reduced PIP2 hydrolysis contributes to impaired blastogenesis in iron deficiency.
Executing parallel logical operations with DNA

DNA computation investigates the potential of DNA as a massively parallel computing device. Research is focused on designing parallel computation models executable by DNA based chemical processes and on developing algorithms in the models. L. Adleman (1994) initiated this area of research by presenting a DNA based method for solving the Hamilton Path Problem. That contribution raised the hope that parallel computation by DNA could be used to tackle NP-complete problems which are thought of as intractable. The current realization however, is that NP-complete problems may not be best suited for DNA based (more generally, molecule based) computing. A better subject for DNA computing could be large scale evaluation of parallel computation models. Several proposals have been made in this direction. We overview those methods, discuss technical and theoretical issues involved, and present some possible applications of those methods.
Effects of clipping and soil compaction on growth, morphology and mycorrhizal colonization of Schizachyrium scoparium, a C4 bunchgrass.

A factorial design of clipping and compaction was used to study the responses of Schizachyrium scoparium and its mycorrhizal symbionts to these stresses. All treatment combinations significantly reduced the growth and biomass of plants relative to controls. Compaction significantly reduced tillering and crown expansion while clipping increased tillering early in the growing season and reduced it later. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was highest in the clipped plots and lowest in compacted plots. Spore number was highest in compacted plots and lowest in clipped plots. It appears that spore number may be negatively correlated with root growth since any treatment that reduced plant growth yielded higher spore numbers. The combination of clipping and compaction reduced plant growth the most, but had intermediate effects on mycorrhizal colonization and spore number.
Exploiting the right side of the Ramachandran plot: Substitution of glycines by D-alanine can significantly increase protein stability

A major goal of protein engineering is the enhancement of protein stability. Here we demonstrate a rational method for enhancing the stability of globular proteins by targeting glycine residues which adopt conformations with Φ > 0. Replacement of such a glycine by d-alanine can lead to a significant increase in stability. The approach is tested at three sites in two model proteins. NMR and CD indicated that the substitutions do not alter the structure. Replacement of glycine-24 of the N-terminal domain of L9 (NTL9) with d-Ala results in an increase in stability of 1.3 kcal mol-1, while replacement of glycine-34 of NTL9 leads to an increase of 1.9 kcal mol-1. Replacement of glycine-331 of the UBA domain with d-Ala leads to an increase in stability of 0.6 kcal mol-1.
Seeing the Möbius disc-transformation group like never before

Abstract The introduction of the gyration notion into nonassociative algebra, hyperbolic geometry, and relatively physics is motivated in this article by the emergence of the gyrogroup notion in the theory of the Mobius transformation group of the complex open unit disc. It suggests the prefix “gyro” that we use to emphasize analogies. Thus, for instance, gyrogroups are classified into gyrocommutative and nongyrocommutative gyrogroups in full analogy with the classification of groups into commutative and noncommutative groups. The road from the Thomas precession of the special theory of relativity to the Thomas gyration as well as the resulting new theory is presented in the author's book: Beyond the Einstein Addition Law and its Gyroscopic Thomas Precession: The Theory of Gyrogroups and Gyrovector Spaces [1]. The main result of this article is a theorem that allows the validity of some gyration identities to be extended from gyrocommutative gyrogroups into gyrogroups that need not be gyrocommutative. To set the stage for the main result, the Mobius disc-transformation group is studied in a novel way that suggests the notion of the gyrogroup and its gyrations.
Genetics of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Genetic alterations that underlie the pathogenesis of individual leukemia subtypes have important prognostic implications in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Heretofore, specific genetic abnormalities with prognostic relevance were identified mainly by cytogenetic analysis or reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction, and were largely limited to B-lineage ALL cases. Moreover, there is heterogeneity among specific genetic subtypes of ALL and treatment has over-riding impact on the prognostic information conveyed by the genetic abnormalities. In Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL, an age of 1 to 9 years and a low initial leukocyte count confer a favorable prognosis. In each category of 11q23/MLL abnormality, infants less than 1 year of age have a worse treatment outcome than do older patients. Allogeneic transplantation with HLA-matched related donor improved outcome for patients with Ph+ ALL but not those with the t(4;11) andMLL-AF4 fusion. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, T-cell ALL can now be classified into four major subtypes with prognostic significance:MLL-ENL andHOX11 clusters with favorable prognosis andTAL1 andLYL1 clusters with inferior outcome. In our recent study of 327 ALL cases, distinct expression profiles could not only accurately identify each of the known prognostically important leukemia subtypes, but also individual cases that would eventually relapse or develop therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. We have also identified a novel ALL subgroup with unique expression profile. Examination of the genes comprising the different expression signatures provided important insights into the biologic differences between the leukemia subgroups. The importance of host pharmacogenetics has also been recognized. Thus, genetic polymorphisms of certain drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters or drug receptors have been linked with treatment efficacy and toxicity, as well as host susceptibility to the development of de novo leukemia or therapy-related second cancers. The best-characterized genes (e.g. thiopurine methyltransferase, cytochrome P450, glutathione transferase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase) will be discussed. Ultimately, patients will be treated with individualized therapy based on leukemic cell gene expression profile and host pharmacogenetics.
MIMO DSP complexity in mode-division multiplexing

We review group delay management techniques and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) architectures for mode-division multiplexing systems. We demonstrate long-period fiber grating devices for introduction of strong mode coupling to obtain fast and low complexity MIMO DSP.
Cerebellar Atrophy in a Child with Valproate Toxicity

In the treatment of epilepsy, selecting an appropriate antiepileptic drug for each individual patient requires matching the patient’s clinical needs with the agent’s specific pharmacological attributes. In many situations, the final choice of an antiepileptic drug may need a change due to the agent’s side-effect profile. The authors report a ten-year-old child with Lennox Gastaut syndrome who developed recurrence of seizures, hyperammonemic encephalopathy and cerebellar atrophy on valproate therapy. Valproate was discontinued and lamotrigine was added followed by good control of seizures. Cerebellar atrophy as a serious adverse side effect of valproate therapy, has been infrequently reported.
Modulation of functional connectivity with the syntactic and semantic demands of a Noun Phrase Formation Task: a possible role for the Default Network.

Abstract Neuroimaging studies of language processing have shown that different circuits within the language network are isolated by syntactic and semantic tasks. We examined differential activation in an fMRI study of language when a single task with two minimally distinct conditions is employed. 16 subjects participated in a Noun Phrase Formation Task that encompassed a minimal difference between syntactic and semantic conditions. In-magnet accuracy and response times were compared, imaging data were evaluated for effects of task conditions, and the functional connectivity between areas of differential response to conditions were evaluated using cross-subject, interregional correlations between measures of BOLD activity. Although no difference in performance was observed between conditions, random effects analysis pinpointed pivotal components of the syntactic and semantic circuits (p
Investigation of the Low-Loss Dielectric Materials in the Wide Temperature Range

The operational regimes of cryodielectrometer designed for measurement the dielectric parameters of materials with small dissipation in millimeter waveband is described. Dependences of loss tangent on temperature for some dielectric and semiconductor materials in frequency band 40-80 GHz and temperature range 0.85-300 K are analyzed.
Ab initio study of early stages of III-V epitaxy on high-index surfaces of group-IV semiconductors: In adsorption on Si(112)

We consider theoretically the early stages of the epitaxy of III-V compound semiconductors on high-index surfaces of elemental semiconductors. Specifically, we compare two models for the $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ indium-induced reconstruction of the silicon (112) surface. Density functional theory calculations suggest a substitutional model to be favorable when compared to on-terrace step edge adsorption in good agreement with recent low-electron-energy diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. In addition, we report a comprehensive study of the atomic reconstruction and electronic structure of the (112) surfaces of group-IV semiconductors diamond, silicon, germanium, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-tin. We find the $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ rebonded reconstruction to be most stable for Si. For Ge and Sn the $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ reconstruction is most stable, and for carbon diamond it is $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$. However, in all cases the mechanism of reconstruction is surprisingly similar to that known for the (001) surface.
Bidirectional modification of CA1 synapses in the adult hippocampus in vivo

MEMORIES are believed to be stored by synaptic modifications. One type of activity-dependent synaptic modification, long-term potentiation (LTP), has received considerable attention as a possible memory mechanism, particularly in hippocampus1. However, use-dependent decreases in synaptic strength can store information as well. A form of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) has been described and widely studied in the CA1 region of the developing hippocampus in vitro2–4. However, the relevance of this model of LTD to memory has been questioned because of failures to replicate it in the adult brain in vitro5 and, more recently, in vivo6. Here we re-examine this important issue and find that homosynaptic LTD can in fact be elicited in the adult hippocampus in vivo, that it has all the properties described in immature CA1 in vitro, and that LTD and LTP are reversible modifications of the same Schaffer collateral synapses. Thus homosynaptic LTD is not peculiar to brain slices, nor is it only of developmental significance. Rather, our data suggest that the mechanisms of LTP and LTD may be equal partners in the mnemonic operations of hippocampal neural networks.
Human apolipoprotein A-I and C-III genes reside in the p11 → q13 region of chromosome 11

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is a major protein of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The gene for apoA-I has been localized to the p11 leads to q13 region of chromosome 11 by filter hybridization analysis of mouse-human hybrid cell cDNAs containing chromosome 11 translocations utilizing a cloned human apoA-I cDNA probe. The known linkage of apoA-I and apoC-III also permitted the simultaneous assignment of the apoC-III gene to the same region on chromosome 11. Comparison with previously established gene linkages on the mouse and human genome suggests that apoA-I + apoC-III may be linked to the esterase A4 and uroporphyrinogen synthase genes which are present on the long arm of human chromosome 11. The localization of the apoA-I + apoC-III genes in the p11----q13 region of chromosome 11 represents a definitive chromosomal assignment of a human apolipoprotein gene, and will now enable more detailed analysis of the geneomic organization and linkages of the apolipoprotein genes.
Wonder Waif Meets Super Neuter

OCTOBER 132, Spring 2010, pp. 135–163. © 2010 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “As far as I’m concerned, the guy was a fucking saint.”1 The fucking saint is Michel Foucault. The guy who wrote the sentence is David Halperin, whose Saint Foucault: Toward a Gay Hagiography is one of the most battered books in my library. I scribble and underline not because I revere Michel Foucault, or David, although I do, in different ways, but because I cannot resist a good polemic: Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis, for example, Malcolm X on white devils, and Yvonne Rainer’s No to everything she could think of in 1965. To write a polemic is a formal challenge. It is to connect the most miniscule of details with the widest of panoramas, to walk a tightrope between rage and reason, to insist that ideas are nothing but lived emotion, and vice versa. To write a polemic is to try to dig oneself out of the grave that is the margin, that already shrill, already colored, already feminized, already queered location in which words, any words, any combination of words are either symptoms of madness or proof incontrovertible of guilt by association. Halperin’s beatification of Foucault is a disciplined absurdity, at once an evisceration of homophobia and an aria to the fashioning of a queer self. You don’t get to be a saint without pulling off a miracle or two. Foucault’s History of Sexuality was, says Halperin, the “single most important source of political
Degradation of glacial deposits quantified with cosmogenic nuclides, Quartermain Mountains, Antarctica

Many glacial deposits in the Quartermain Mountains, Antarctica present two apparent contradictions regarding the degradation of unconsolidated deposits. The glacial deposits are up to millions of years old, yet they have maintained their meter-scale morphology despite the fact that bedrock and regolith erosion rates in the Quartermain Mountains have been measured at 0·1–4·0 m Ma−1. Additionally, ground ice persists in some Miocene-aged soils in the Quartermain Mountains even though modeled and measured sublimation rates of ice in Antarctic soils suggest that without any recharge mechanisms ground ice should sublimate in the upper few meters of soil on the order of 103 to 105 years. This paper presents results from using the concentration of cosmogenic nuclides beryllium-10 (10Be) and aluminum-26 (26Al) in bulk sediment samples from depth profiles of three glacial deposits in the Quartermain Mountains. The measured nuclide concentrations are lower than expected for the known ages of the deposits, erosion alone does not always explain these concentrations, and deflation of the tills by the sublimation of ice coupled with erosion of the overlying till can explain some of the nuclide concentration profiles. The degradation rates that best match the data range 0·7–12 m Ma−1 for sublimation of ice with initial debris concentrations ranging 12–45% and erosion of the overlying till at rates of 0·4–1·2 m Ma−1. Overturning of the tills by cryoturbation, vertical mixing, or soil creep is not indicated by the cosmogenic nuclide profiles, and degradation appears to be limited to within a few centimeters of the surface. Erosion of these tills without vertical mixing may partially explain how some glacial deposits in the Quartermain Mountains maintain their morphology and contain ground ice close to the surface for millions of years. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consider the source: One step in assessing premise acceptability

Premise acceptability is conceptually connected to presumption. To say that a premise is acceptable just when there is a presumption in its favor is to give a first approximation to this connection. A number of popular principles of presumption suggest that whether there is a presumption for a premise, belief, or claim depends on the sources which vouch for it. Sources consist of internal belief-generating mechanisms and external testimony. Alvin Plantinga's notion of warrant lays down four conditions upon a source for the belief which it generates to be warranted. We argue that there is a presumption for a premise, belief, or claim if and only if there is a presumption of warrant for that premise,belief or claim. This amounts to the thesis that there is a presumption for a belief from a challenger's point of view if and only if there is a presumption from that person's point of view that her cognitive faculties which have generated the belief have been functioning properly, in an appropriate cognitive environment, in accord with a segment of her design plan aimed at the truth, and that these faculties are reliable. In light of our argument for this thesis, we may legitimately claim that one way to determine that there is a presumption for a belief is to determine that there is a presumption of warrant for that belief, and thus that in determining whether there is a presumption for a belief or premise, we may consider the source.
Modeling the performance of the anaerobic phased solids digester system for biogas energy production

Abstract A process model was developed to predict the mass and energy balance for a full-scale (115 t d −1 ) high-solids anaerobic digester using research data from lab and pilot scale (1–3000 kg d −1 wet waste) systems. Costs and revenues were estimated in consultation with industry partners and the 20-year project cash flow, net present worth (NPW), simple payback, internal rate of return, and revenue requirements were calculated. The NPW was used to compare scenarios in order to determine the financial viability of using a generator for heat and electricity or a pressure swing adsorption unit for converting biogas to compressed natural gas (CNG). The full-scale digester consisted of five 786 m 3 reactors (one biogasification reactor and four hydrolysis reactors) treating a 50:50 mix (volatile solids basis) of food and green waste, of which 17% became biogas, 32% residual solids, and 51% wastewater. The NPW of the projects were similar whether producing electricity or CNG, as long as the parasitic energy demand was satisfied with the biogas produced. When producing electricity only, the power output was 1.2 MW, 7% of which was consumed parasitically. When producing CNG, the system produced 2 hm 3 y −1 natural gas after converting 22% of the biogas to heat and electricity which supplied the parasitic energy demand. The digester system was financially viable whether producing electricity or CNG for discount rates of up to 13% y −1 without considering debt (all capital was considered equity), heat sales, feed-in tariffs or tax credits.
Nucleic acid formation and ultraviolet light-induced mutation in bacteria: some considerations in light of recent advances.

Results are reported from a series of studies on the effect on mutation induction and desoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli of ultraviolet light and certain analogs which may be incorporated into ribonucleic acid to interfere with macromolecular function. The effects of 5-hydroxyuridine on reactions induced by ultraviolet light are presented in detail. Possible mechanisms involved in desoxyribonucleic acid replication are discussed. (C.H.)
Nineteenth-Century Textbook Illustrations: A Frontispiece Puzzle

Most of the 19th- and early 20th-century physics texts in my collection have frontispieces: a telegraph system, the cross-section of a steam locomotive, colored lithographs of spectra, etc. One of my favorites is the wood-cut illustration of an apparatus collection that serves as the frontispiece to Hotze's 1897 physics textbook.1 In modern parlance, this is a conceptual text as it does not have a single equation.
Right and Left Ventricular Cultured Endocardial Endothelium Produces Prostacyclin and PGE2

The endothelium profoundly affects subjacent vascular smooth muscle function. An analogous relationship between endothelial endocardial cells (EEC) and the myocardium is suggested by Brutsaert et al.'s observation that EEC modulate the contractility of subjacent myocardium. Prostanoids are a major product by which vascular endothelium affects smooth muscle, but similar prostanoid production by EEC has not been described. To determine whether both right and left ventricular EEC produce prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), ovine EEC were cultured. EEC prostanoid production was measured under basal conditions and after stimulation with arachidonic acid or calcium ionophore A23187. EEC from both ventricles demonstrated sustained prostacyclin and PGE2 production. Prostacyclin production was 10 times greater than PGE2. These results suggest that endocardial prostanoid production could act both locally, to modulate platelet and myocardial function, and distally, on downstream vascular tone.
The Effects Of Black And Hispanic 12th Graders Living In Intact Families And Being Religious On Their Academic Achievement

Using the National Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS) data set from the 1988 to 1992 period, this study assessed the effects of the combination of living in an intact family and student religious commitment on the academic achievement of Black and Hispanic 12th graders. The results indicate that Black and Hispanic children who lived in an intact family and showed a high level of religiosity scored as well as White students on most measures of academic achievement, even when controlling for socioeconomic status and gender. These same Black and Hispanic students also performed better than their Black and Hispanic counterparts who were not from intact families and/or were not high in religiosity. These results suggest that parental family structure and religiosity may play a larger role in explaining the academic gap between Black and Hispanic students, on one hand, and Whites, on the other hand, than was previously believed.
Streptomyces erythraeus trypsin for proteomics applications.

Among trypsin family proteases, bovine and porcine trypsins are currently the enzymes of choice for proteomics applications. However, there are trypsins from other sources that have higher catalytic activities than mammalian trypsins. Of these, Streptomyces erythraeus trypsin (SET) is particularly attractive, because SET has more than one order of magnitude greater amidase activity than mammalian trypsin and is resistant to autolytic degradation. These properties are advantageous for many proteomics applications. In order to evaluate this protease for proteomic applications, we expressed SET in E. coli, purified it to homogeneity, and then examined its enzymatic properties. As expected, recombinant SET (rSET) had greater than an order of magnitude higher amide bond hydrolysis activity (Km/kcat) for both Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide and Nα-benzoyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide than modified porcine trypsin and did not show any sign of autolytic degradation after 96 hours of incubation at 37 °C. The performance of rSET for proteomic applications was evaluated by applying the protease for in-solution and in-gel digestion of bovine serum albumin, and for 18O labeling of peptides. These results confirmed that rSET has a potential to be an useful protease in such proteomic experiments. We also report various properties of rSET that are fundamental to the use of this protease for proteomics applications.
Environmental geology of ancient Greek cities

Man-environment relations in the ancient Greek world, as now, were complex interactions. To understand them, we need to study a range of physical features and man's impact on the setting. The underlying geological reality of this area is karst, which is widely distributed, dominating Greece, the southern half of Turkey, and southern Italy and Sicily, where the Greco-Roman cities that we study were located. Year-round water from karst springs was important because of scarce rainfall, intense evaporation, and infertile soil—none under human control. Examples from the Greek mainland (Corinth), an Aegean island (Rhodes), Turkey (Priene), and Sicily (Syracuse) are selected and described to suggest the way that karst water potential played an important role in site selection and development. A wider look at criteria for urban location and a new classification of urban patterns help to revise conventional understandings of these ancient cities. In conclusion, some modern findings about the interaction between city and setting suggest new research agendas for geologists and engineers, ancient historians and archaeologists, and water policy makers—preferrably working together.
Weak specialization of workers inside a bumble bee ( Bombus impatiens ) nest

Division of labor is common across social groups. In social insects, many studies focus on the differentiation of in-nest and foraging workers and/or the division of foraging tasks. Few studies have specifically examined how workers divide in-nest tasks. In the bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, we have shown previously that smaller workers are more likely to feed larvae and incubate brood, whereas larger workers are more likely to fan or guard the nest. Here, we show that in spite of this, B. impatiens workers generally perform multiple tasks throughout their life. The size of this task repertoire size does not depend on body size, nor does it change with age. Further, individuals were more likely to perform the task they had been performing on the previous day than any other task, a pattern most pronounced among individuals who guarded the nest. On the other hand, there was no predictable sequence of task switching. Because workers tend to remain in the same region of the nest over time, in-nest workers may concentrate on a particular task, or subset of tasks, inside that region. This division of space, then, may be an important mechanism that leads to this weak specialization among in-nest bumble bee workers.
Knockout of cellular glutathione peroxidase gene renders mice susceptible to diquat-induced oxidative stress.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the protection and the underlying mechanisms of cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) against lethal, acute oxidative stress induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 24 mg diquat/kg body weight. In experiment 1, mortality and survival times were compared among selenium (Se)-adequate or deficient GPX1 knockout mice [GPX1(−/−)] and wild-type mice (WT). In experiment 2, mice from these four groups were euthanized at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after the injection of diquat to elucidate the time course of oxidative events. The stress produced 100% mortality in all of the groups except for the Se-adequate WT, which were euthanized on day 7 for analysis. The Se-deficient WT and the Se-adequate GPX1(−/−) had similar survival times (4.1 and 3.9 h), which were longer (p < .05) than that of the Se-deficient GPX1(−/−) (2.4 h). However, these three GPX1-deficient groups had higher levels (p < .05) of hepatic F2-isoprostanes and carbonyl contents and/or plasma alanine aminotransferase activities than those of the Se-adequate WT. The diquat-induced formations of hepatic F2-isoprostanes in these animals peaked at 1 h and preceded the rise of plasma alanine aminotransferase in the Se-adequate GPX1(−/−). Responses of hepatic superoxide dismutase activities to the diquat treatment were affected by the GPX1 level. In conclusion, GPX1 is the major selenoprotein to protect mice against the lethal oxidative stress induced by diquat.
Choking and excelling under pressure in experienced classifiers

We extend previous work examining the effects of pressure on category learning to the effects of pressure on categorization performance in highly trained individuals. After extensive training on either a rule-based or an information-integration classification task, half of the participants performed the same task on a fifth day while under pressure to earn a monetary bonus ($50) for themselves and a partner. Performance of this group was compared with that of a low-pressure control group who performed without the pressure manipulation. Pressure caused performance decrements both for experienced classifiers performing rule-based tasks and for those performing information-integration tasks, as compared with control groups. These results contrast with those of previous research, where inexperienced classifiers choked on rule-based tasks but excelled on information-integration tasks. An additional “superpressure” block of trials was given at the end of the fifth session. Under this type of pressure, participants performing an information-integration task outperformed those performing rule-based tasks. Implications for theories of choking under pressure are discussed.
Electronic Cigarettes: Smoke-Free Laws, Sale Restrictions, and the Public Health

Consumer use of e-cigarettes is rising despite a lack of rigorous safety testing, manufacturing controls, and a well-understood risk profile. Many states and municipalities have prohibited e-cigarette sale to minors or amended their smoke-free laws to restrict public use. I discuss the public health impact of e-cigarettes and the current lack of Food and Drug Administration regulation, and advocate that states and localities reexamine their smoke-free laws and sale restrictions to appropriately regulate public use and youth access.
Humility and the political servant: Jimmy Carter's post‐presidential rhetoric of virtue and power

Humility is at the center of Jimmy Carter's efforts to shape the public memory of his presidency. In the Old Testament sense, Carter explains his term as a time of national repentance. In the New Testament sense, he portrays his leadership as an enactment of the role of Christian servant. Thus, he transforms his trials and tribulations into triumphs of character. This moralizing persona, striking at the heart of liberalism's quandary over power and virtue, fits comfortably about the shoulders of the presidential aspirant or retired office holder, but it makes the active wielder of power appear weak and naive.
Lie nilpotent and solvable associative algebras

Abstract First we consider nine properties of an associative algebra analogous to properties of nilpotent Lie algebras and connected nilpotent algebraic groups. We demonstrate the order of implication of these properties and that all nine properties are equivalent when the ground field is algebraically closed. Next we consider eight properties of an associative algebra analogous to properties of solvable Lie algebras of characteristic zero and connected solvable algebraic groups of any characteristic. We demonstrate the order of implication of these properties and that all eight properties are equivalent when the ground field is algebraically closed and of characteristic different from 2.
The Future of Supermax Confinement

The consistent challenge posed by supermax settings is their demonstrably adverse impact on the mental health of difficult, but vulnerable prisoners. These high-tech segregation settings also pose ...