cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mediation and managed care

Managed care has not only intensified existing conflicts between patient and provider, it has, by its very nature, changed the shape and scope of the healthcare enterprise and introduced an entirely new set of disputes. The decision-making dynamics have been altered, and the cast of players has expanded. Traditionally, the therapeutic interaction took place between the physician and the patient although it occasionally included the patient's family. Whatever obligations existed, such as fidelity, confidentiality, and standard of care, they bound only those parties. Now, as the managed care organization has interposed itself between the patient and the physician, the dyad has become a triad. The power balance has shifted, and a new set of rights and responsibilities now flows between and among the players, each of whom has interests that may or may not coincide. This article argues that, because of its cost containment origins and orientation, managed care increases the likelihood that misunderstandings, disagreements and disputes will develop into full-blown conflicts. If managed care is to succeed financially and operate with integrity, it must develop techniques for managing the increasing conflicts that arise inevitably between and among the organizations, physicians, and patients. It is clear that the voice of the patient needs to be strengthened within the new complex decision-making, review, and appeal procedures. Mediation is the most appropriate method of dispute resolution for the managed care setting because it balances the disparities in power endemic to the bureaucratization of medicine and refocuses the interests of the various parties. Using bioethics consultation as a model for dispute mediation provides a set of principles and guideline tasks that can be applied effectively to managed care.
TOR Is a Negative Regulator of Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana

Background Autophagy is a protein degradation process by which cells recycle cytoplasmic contents under stress conditions or during senescence; a basal level of housekeeping autophagy also occurs under non-stressed conditions. Although a number of genes that function in autophagy (ATG genes) have been identified in plants, the upstream components that regulate the plant autophagy pathway are still obscure. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a negative regulator of autophagy in both yeast and animals, and homologs of TOR in plants control plant growth and protein synthesis. However, a role for TOR in regulation of autophagy in plants has not been demonstrated previously. Methodology/Principal Findings In this paper we used RNA interference (RNAi) to generate transgenic plants with reduced AtTOR transcript level. By observing monodansylcadaverine- (MDC) and GFP-AtATG8e-labeled autophagosomes, these plants were demonstrated to have constitutive AtATG18a-dependent autophagy. Reverse transcriptase-PCR also showed increased expression of some AtATG genes in the RNAi-AtTOR plants. Unlike autophagy induced by starvation or salt stress, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor did not inhibit the constitutive autophagy in the RNAi-AtTOR lines, indicating that AtTOR is either downstream of or in a parallel pathway to NADPH oxidase. Conclusions/Significance Together, our results provide evidence that TOR is a negative regulator of autophagy in plants.
Coordinated resource recovery in VM/ESA

A system service for coordinated recovery of resources is a critical function needed for distributed processing environments because applications need to provide for data integrity while the location of the data and processes are transparent to the application. VM is the first IBM operating system to provide Coordinated Resource Recovery as a system service rather than as a service provided by unique environments running on the operating system, and the VM Common Programming Interface-Communications and Shared File System are the first subsystems to utilize the service. This paper is an overview of why and how VM provided Coordinated Resource Recovery (CRR). CRR is the implementation of the Systems Application Architecture™ (SAA™) resource recovery interface within Virtual Machine/ Enterprise Systems Architecture™ (VM/ESA™). This coordinated sync point system service allows one or more applications or subsystems to update multiple resources and to request that all updates be committed or backed out together. The applications and their respective resources can be local or distributed. CRR either coordinates the request to commit or backout immediately, or supports automatic resource resynchronization in case a system or subsystem fails. When restart is not possible, CRR allows for intervention by a system operator or administrator.
On the mechanism of ion exchange in zirconium phosphates—XVII: Dehydration behavior of lithium ion exchanged phases☆

Abstract The phases formed by the dehydration of lithium exchanged α-zirconium phosphate, Zr(HPO 4 )·H 2 O, were determined by a combination of X-ray, TGA and DTA studies. Samples containing 10, 20, 30 … 100% of theoretical lithium ion capacity were examined. The data are summarized in a phase diagram which however is not an equilibrium diagram because of the slowness of approach to equilibrium. The numerous phases obtained and the ease with which they rearrange indicates a high mobility for the incorporated cations. This suggested that α-zirconium phosphate may behave as a solid electrolyte and indeed this was demonstrated by having it serve in that capacity in a small sodium sulfur battery.
The FODA-TDMA satellite access scheme: presentation, study of the system, and results

A description is given of FODA-TDMA (FIFO ordered demand assignment-TDMA), a satellite access scheme designed for mixed traffic (patent N. 9373A/89). The study of the system is presented and the choice of some parameters is justified. A simplified analytic solution is found, describing the steady-state behavior of the system. Some results of the simulation tests for an already existing hardware environment are also presented for channel speeds of 2 and 8 Mb/s, considering both the stationary and the transient cases. The results of experimentation at 2 Mb/s on the EUTELSAT-F2 satellite are also presented and compared with the results of the simulation. >
Epimorphisms of free monoids

Abstract A matrix characterization is obtained for the epimorphisms in the category of finitely generated free monoids. It follows from our result that it is effectively decidable whether a given morphism is an epimorphism. The corresponding question for monomorphisms has been answered in the algorithm of Sardinas and Patterson.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 does not contribute to slowly adapting airway receptor activation by inhaled ammonia.

Abstract Inhalation of ammonia influences the activity of slowly adapting airway receptors (SARs), but the mechanism(s) is uncertain. Release of inflammatory mediators by transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) containing nerve endings could affect SAR response to ammonia. We examined how sensitization and subsequent desensitization of the TRPV1 by resiniferatoxin (RTX), affected the responses of SARs to inhaled ammonia. In pentobarbital-anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats, the left cervical vagus nerve was exposed, sectioned rostrally, and desheathed. Single fibers of SARs were identified and recorded. Two milliliters of ammonia vapor (from a 30% NH4OH solution) was inhaled over 20 s and responses to ammonia were measured. RTX was injected intravenously at 2 μg/Kg. Twenty minutes later, ammonia inhalation was repeated. Isoproterenol (ISO, 100 μg/kg, i.v.) was used in another set of experiments to block possible ammonia-induced bronchoconstriction. Ammonia increased tonic activity of SARs (n = 10, P
Modeling the Floating Zone: Instabilities in the Half Zone and Full Zone

Linear stability analyses are performed on steady, axisymmetric base flows in a laterally heated floating zone (full zone) in microgravity. We treat fully three-dimensional disturbances for a range of Prandtl numbers less than 0.2 and aspect ratios (total zone height to diameter) varying from 1/2 to 2. In all cases, the critical mode is a transition to a steady three-dimensional flow. Axial symmetry of the disturbance, and the critical wave number, vary with both Prandtl number and aspect ratio
First‐ and Second‐Order Derivative Polarography/Voltammetry for Reversible, Quasi‐Reversible, and Irreversible Electrode Processes

New methods for analysis of current-potential curves in terms of their derivatives are suggested for studies of heterogeneous electron-transfer reactions. Consequences of the Butler-Volmer theory on the shape of the derivatives are illustrated. Comparisons are made between fast and slow electron-transfer reactions for various values of the standard heterogeneous rate constants (k o ) and the transfer coefficient (α) utilizing asymmetries found in the peak shapes of the derivatives' from a dc polarogram. Various parameters which characterize the peak asymmetry (such as ratios of peak-currents and ratios of peak-widths) are evaluated and analyzed
The roles of large-scale sporting event volunteer motivations in predicting behavioural intention within the theory of planned behaviour

The purpose of this study was: 1) to investigate the influences of the three components of theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1985) on intention to return to volunteer for future large-scale sporting events; 2) to examine the mediating roles of the three TPB components in the relationships between volunteer motivations and intention to return for volunteering. One hundred seven volunteers for NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament completed a paper-based survey questionnaire. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that subjective norm and perceived behavioural control of TPB were significantly effective in predicting volunteers’ intention to return. Subjective norm fully mediated the relationships between motivations (i.e., personal growth and career orientation) and intention. The influences of motivations such as expression of value, community involvement, love of sport, and interpersonal contacts on intention are partially mediated by subjective norm.
A note on approximation of one-dimensional heat transfer with and without phase change.

A numerical model is developed for the one-dimensional heat transfer equation with and without phase change. The numerical model is based on the nodal dimain integration method, which can represent...
Some characteristics of deoxynucleotide kinase activities in mouse-liver homogenates.

Abstract A study of some characteristics of deoxynucleotide kinase activities in mouse-liver homogenates was made. TMP kinase and deAMP kinase, but not deCMP kinase were affected by the kind of homogenizing medium used. TMP kinase was unique in having a relatively high affinity for its substrate. At low substrate concentration the deoxynucleotide kinase activities of mouse-liver homogenate were about the same, except for deAMP kinase activity which was ten times higher. The enzyme level of TMP kinase in mouse and rat liver was low compared with the levels of the kinases of deCMP, deGMP and deAMP. The incorporation of TMP and deGMP into a phosphatase-resistant form indicative of di- and triphosphate synthesis, was characterized by interference from degradative activities which tended to prevent accumulation. The incorporation of deCMP and deAMP, however, did not show these characteristics. The results are discussed in relation to possible implications in the control of DNA synthesis in mouse liver.
The adenylyl cyclase activity of anthrax edema factor

Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent for anthrax, secretes edema factor (EF) to disrupt intracellular signaling pathways. Upon translocation into host cells and association with a calcium sensor, calmodulin (CaM), EF becomes a highly active adenylyl cyclase (AC) that raises the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Growing evidence shows that EF plays a key role in anthrax pathogenesis by affecting cellular functions vital for host defense. This strategy is also used by Bordetella pertussis, a bacterium that causes whooping cough. Pertussis bacteria secrete the bifunctional toxin CyaA which raises the intracellular cAMP. Here, we discuss recent advances from structural analyses that reveal the molecular basis of the conserved mechanism of activation and catalysis of EF and CyaA by CaM even though these two toxins use the completely different sequences to bind CaM. Comparison of the biochemical and structural characteristics of these two AC toxins with host ACs reveal that they have diverse strategies of catalytic activation, yet use the same two-metal-ion catalytic mechanism.
Bayesian analysis of elapsed times in continuous-time Markov chains

The authors consider Bayesian analysis for continuous-time Markov chain models based on a conditional reference prior. For such models, inference of the elapsed time between chain observations depends heavily on the rate of decay of the prior as the elapsed time increases. Moreover, improper priors on the elapsed time may lead to improper posterior distributions. In addition, an infinitesimal rate matrix also characterizes this class of models. Experts often have good prior knowledge about the parameters of this matrix. The authors show that the use of a proper prior for the rate matrix parameters together with the conditional reference prior for the elapsed time yields a proper posterior distribution. The authors also demonstrate that, when compared to analyses based on priors previously proposed in the literature, a Bayesian analysis on the elapsed time based on the conditional reference prior possesses better frequentist properties. The type of prior thus represents a better default prior choice for estimation software.
A pollen record from Birket Qarun and the recent history of the Fayum, Egypt

Abstract Sediments and fossil pollen of two short cores from Birket Qarun, Egypt, reflect Nile floods, lake levels, and agricultural developments of the last 325 yr, and demonstrate the potential of a long and detailed record from the Fayum Depression. The chronology of these cores is inferred by correlation of historic events with changes in the fossil and sedimentary records. Subangular clay clasts and blocky structure resulting from occasional exposure, drying, and reworking of lake sediments reflect low Nile floods of the mid-1600s. Abundant pollen of shallowwater, rooted aquatic plants provides evidence for continued low lake levels through the 1700s. A high lake level, resulting from the extreme Nile flood of 1817–1818, is recorded by hystrichospheres, reworked by wave action, from Eocene marine sediments exposed on the north shore of Birket Qarun. Political administration, as reflected in agricultural policy, is also recorded in lake history. Changing lake levels are, in part, correlated with canal neglect during Mamluk and Ottoman control, and renewed canal maintenance under the agricultural policy of Mohammed Ali. Increased cattail (Typha) pollen dates from perenial irrigation after 1873. Olive and date pollen, and pollen of newly introduced exotic trees, are abundant after 1930 as a result of accelerated introduction and cultivation of fruit, lumber, fuel, and windbreak trees following World War I. The sequence of introduction of exotic plants is reflected in the pollen of Zea mays, from the New World, followed by Casuarina from Southeast Asia and Australia, and Eucalyptus from Australia.
Cardiac Arrest/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior and Decreases Social Interaction

Advances in medical technology have increased the number of individuals who survive cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This increased incidence of survival has created a population of patients with behavioral and physiologic impairments. We used temperature manipulations to characterize the contribution of central nervous system damage to behavioral deficits elicited by 8 minutes of cardiac arrest/CPR in a mouse model. Once sensorimotor deficits were resolved, we examined anxiety-like behavior with the elevated plus maze and social interaction with an ovariectomized female. We hypothesized that anxiety-like behavior would increase and social interaction would decrease in mice subjected to cardiac arrest/CPR and that these changes would be attributable to central nervous system damage rather than damage to peripheral organs or changes orchestrated by the administration of epinephrine. Mice that were subjected to cardiac arrest/CPR while the peripheral organs, but not the brain, were protected by hypothermia exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased social interaction, whereas mice with hypothermic brains and peripheral organs during cardiac arrest/CPR did not exhibit behavioral impairments. The present study demonstrates that central nervous system damage from cardiac arrest/CPR results in increased anxiety and decreased social interaction and that these behavioral changes are not attributed to underlying sensorimotor deficits, dynamics of arrest and CPR, or peripheral organ damage.
HER2/neu uses Akt to suppress retinoic acid response element binding activity in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells

We previously demonstrated that HER2/neu prevents all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) from inducing growth inhibition in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells. For ATRA to induce growth inhibition, it needs to bind to retinoic acid receptors and modulate gene transcription via retinoic acid response elements (RAREs). We hypothesized that HER2/neu suppresses RARE binding activity to prevent ATRA from inducing growth arrest in breast cancer cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that when HER2/neu was inhibited by the trastuzumab antibody, RARE binding activity increased, indicating that HER2/neu suppresses RARE binding. Since trastuzumab also decreased Akt activity, we determined whether Akt regulates RARE binding activity. Compared to parental MDA-MB-453 cells, MDA-MB-453 cells transfected with a dominant negative Akt mutant (MDA-MB-453/DN-Akt) had higher RARE binding activity. However, trastuzumab did not further increase RARE binding activity in MDA-MB-453/DN-Akt cells. These data indicate that HER2/neu predominantly uses Akt to suppress RARE binding activity, which may be one mechanism by which HER2/neu induces ATRA resistance in breast cancer cells.
Orientational ordering in thick films of molecular hydrogen on BN

We report NMR studies of the orientational ordering of ortho-H2 molecules in 12-layer films physisorbed on hexagonal boron nitride. The phase diagram for the ordering has been explored for ortho-H2 concentration 0.23<X<0.72 and for temperatures 0.05<T<10K. For high ortho concentrations we observe a two-component NMR line shape with a broad central gaussian line (∼60 kHz) and a broad outer wing structure (∼240 kHz), corresponding to an incompletely orientationally ordered component. The broad component closely resembles the shapes expected for a quadrupolar glass for this fraction of the molecules. The most unusal feature occurs at low concentrations,X<0.40, for which we observe a double wing structure, an inner pair with a separation ∼240 kHz, and an outer pair at ∼400 kHz. The latter are attributed to fully ordered molecules in the first two layers near substrate.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress thymidylate synthase gene expression and synergize with the fluoropyrimidines in colon cancer cells

Despite recent therapeutic advances, the response rates to chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colon cancer remain at approximately 50% with the fluoropyrimidine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), continuing to serve as the foundation chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of this disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key determinant of resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a significant need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome TS-mediated resistance. In this study, we demonstrate that the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) vorinostat and LBH589 significantly downregulate TS gene expression in a panel of colon cancer cell lines. Downregulation of TS was independent of p53, p21 and HDAC2 expression and was achievable in vivo as demonstrated by mouse xenograft models. We provide evidence that HDACi treatment leads to a potent transcriptional repression of the TS gene. Combination of the fluoropyrimidines 5-FU or FUdR with both vorinostat and LBH589 enhanced cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition. Importantly, the downstream effects of TS inhibition were significantly enhanced by this combination including the inhibition of acute TS induction and the enhanced accumulation of the cytotoxic nucleotide intermediate dUTP. These data demonstrate that HDACi repress TS expression at the level of transcription and provides the first evidence suggesting a direct mechanistic link between TS downregulation and the synergistic interaction observed between HDACi and 5-FU. This study provides rationale for the continued clinical evaluation of HDACi in combination with 5-FU-based therapies as a strategy to overcome TS-mediated resistance.
Studies of fungistatic activity in normal human blood serum

Experiments with Microsporum gypseum show that there is a heat labile, partially dialyzable, and unstable growth inhibitor in normal human blood serum which does not require complement for its action, and whose activity is lessened by dilution.
Periods of principal homogeneous spaces of algebraic tori

A generic torsor of an algebraic torus S over a field F is the generic fiber of a S-torsor P → T, where P is a quasi-trivial torus containing S as a subgroup and T = P/S. The period of a generic S-torsor over a field extension K/F, i.e., the order of the class of the torsor in the group Hp1(K, S) does not depend on the choice of a generic torsor. In the paper we compute the period of a generic torsor of S in terms of the character lattice of the torus S.
Investigation of germination and aging in Moravian III barley grain by nuclear magnetic resonance

High-resolution, solid-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are used for the first time to study germination in imbibed Moravian III barley grains. Whereas magic-angle spinning 1H NMR spectra reveal the water and lipid components in barley grains, combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy techniques provide 1H NMR spectra of grains that reveal the protein and carbohydrate as well as the water and lipid components. Spectra of grains are compared with spectra of model compounds to verify assignments. 1H T1 and T2 measurements using magic-angle spinning only and combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy techniques provide information about molecular mobility within the grains during inhibition. Some grains were subjected to artificial aging conditions. 1H NMR spectral comparisons are made between normal, viable grains and artificially aged grains.
Effect of soft‐segment chemistry on polyurethane biostability during in vitro fatigue loading

The effect of soft-segment chemistry on biostability of polyurethane elastomers was studied with a diaphragm-type film specimen under conditions of static and dynamic loading. During testing, the films were exposed to an H(2)O(2)/CoCl(2) solution, which simulated the oxidative component of the in vivo environment. Films treated for up to 24 days were evaluated by IR spectroscopy and by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Biostability of a poly(ether urethane) (PEU), which is known to undergo oxidative degradation, was compared with biostability of a poly(carbonate urethane) (PCU), which is thought to be more resistant to oxidation than PEU. Materials similar to PEU and PCU, in which the polyether or polycarbonate soft segment was partially replaced with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), were also tested with the expectation that PDMS would improve soft-segment biostability. Oxidative degradation of the polyether soft segment of PEU was manifest chemically as chain scission and cross-linking and physically as surface pitting. Biaxial fatigue accelerated chemical degradation of PEU and eventually caused brittle stress cracking. In comparison, the polycarbonate soft segment was more stable to oxidation; there was minimal chemical or physical degradation of PCU, even in biaxial fatigue. Partial substitution of the polyether soft segment with PDMS enhanced oxidative stability of PEU. Although both strategies for modifying soft-segment chemistry improved the resistance to oxidative degradation, the outstanding mechanical properties of PEU were compromised to some extent.
Host plants and immatures as mate-searching cues in Heliconius butterflies

The study of interactions between phytophagous insects and their host plants extends beyond understanding how insects deal with plant chemical defences. Sexual behaviour of these herbivores is integrated in several ways with host plants, as the latter influence timing and location of reproduction, and can provide clues for finding mates. Nevertheless, while numerous studies link butterfly evolution to host plant adaptations, the influence of plants on butterfly sexual behaviour has been little studied. We conducted experiments to determine the role of host plant cues in mate-searching behaviour of Heliconius charithonia butterflies. This species exhibits precopulatory mate guarding behaviour, wherein males find and perch on pupae, then copulate with eclosing females (‘pupal mating’). We found that males (1) visited plants damaged by feeding larvae more often than they visited undamaged plants and (2) displayed searching behaviour around the plant and in front of larvae, suggesting that odours signal the location of potential partners (pupae). Although males were attracted to common plant odours released after tissue damage, plants damaged by heterospecific butterfly larvae were less attractive, indicating that species recognition can occur at early life stages. Overall, our results suggest that host plants influence mate-searching behaviour of Heliconius . This might also be true for other species of butterflies with more conventional mating strategies, potentially contributing to the diversification of this group of phytophagous insects.
Analysis of multibody systems experiencing large elastic deformations

This study presents an approach based on the floating frame of reference method to model complex three-dimensional bodies in a multibody system using solid and plate elements. Unlike most of the formulations based on the floating frame of reference method, which assume small or moderate deformations, the present formulation allows large elastic deformations within each frame by using the corotational form of the updated Lagrangian description of motion. The implicit integration scheme is based on the Generalized-α method, and kinematic joints are invoked in the formulation through the coordinate partitioning method. A triangular element with three nodes and a solid wedge element with six nodes have been developed to facilitate the modeling of three-dimensional bodies with arbitrary geometry. Various numerical examples have been considered to demonstrate the robustness of the present approach.
Importing mesh entities through IGES/PDES

IGES/PDES is an internationally accepted standard for transferring solid model information between different CAD/CAM software. Most of the information, like geometric entities, mesh entities and drafting entities, for a model generated in a particular software may be imported into another software through the IGES protocol, although either software may have its own internal database structure, radically different from each other. The goal of this article is to outline the basic concepts involved in extracting relevant information from an IGES file produced by a CAD/CAM software. In order to elucidate the process involved, only the mesh entities (nodes and elements) are brought in and a simple F77 code is attached, which could easily be extended to develop a general purpose IGES translator for pre-processing in a Finite Element/Boundary Element based analysis environment.
Analysis of prognostic factors in extraosseous Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: review of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience.

Background Advances in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are the result of improvements in systemic and local therapies. Clinical data of extraosseous ESFT are scarce.
Paradoxical Role of BDNF: BDNF+/− Retinas Are Protected against Light Damage–Mediated Stress

Purpose Photoreceptors can be prevented from undergoing apoptosis in response to constant light by the application of exogenous neuroprotective agents, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF, however, cannot exert its effect directly on photoreceptors because they do not express receptors for BDNF. It has been proposed that BDNF released from Muller cells provides a feed-forward loop, increasing ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) production in Muller cells, which may enhance photoreceptor survival. The authors hypothesized that retinas with reduced BDNF levels in which the BDNF-mediated release of neuroprotective signals is dampened are more susceptible to light-induced photoreceptor degeneration.
Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in American men1,2. Screening for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has led to earlier detection of prostate cancer3, but elevated serum PSA levels may be present in non-malignant conditions such as benign prostatic hyperlasia (BPH). Characterization of gene-expression profiles that molecularly distinguish prostatic neoplasms may identify genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis, elucidate clinical biomarkers, and lead to an improved classification of prostate cancer4,5,6. Using microarrays of complementary DNA, we examined gene-expression profiles of more than 50 normal and neoplastic prostate specimens and three common prostate-cancer cell lines. Signature expression profiles of normal adjacent prostate (NAP), BPH, localized prostate cancer, and metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer were determined. Here we establish many associations between genes and prostate cancer. We assessed two of these genes—hepsin, a transmembrane serine protease, and pim-1, a serine/threonine kinase—at the protein level using tissue microarrays consisting of over 700 clinically stratified prostate-cancer specimens. Expression of hepsin and pim-1 proteins was significantly correlated with measures of clinical outcome. Thus, the integration of cDNA microarray, high-density tissue microarray, and linked clinical and pathology data is a powerful approach to molecular profiling of human cancer.
Transformation of Pseudomonas fluorescens with genes for biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid improves biocontrol of rhizoctonia root rot and in situ antibiotic production

A seven-gene operon for the synthesis of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was introduced into Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1–96, an aggressive root colonizer that produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and consistently suppresses take-all of wheat. The recombinant strains produced both antifungal metabolites and maintained population sizes comparable to those of Q8r1–96 over a seven-week period in the rhizosphere of wheat. The strains were no more suppressive of take-all or Pythium root rot than was Q8r1–96, but suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot at a dose of only 102 CFU per seed, one to two orders of magnitude lower than the dose of Q8r1–96 required for comparable disease control.
Effect of Stocking Time on Survival of Steelhead Trout, Salmo gairdnerii, in Oregon

Abstract Marked juvenile steelhead trout were stocked from 1961 through 1965 in the North Fork of the Alsea River on the Oregon coast to determine the importance of release time, within the spring migratory period, on adult returns. Fish stocked in April survived better than fish stocked in February and March. The migration pattern for fish leaving a raceway voluntarily was similar to that of wild smolts in the stream. Similar numbers of fish returned from both the voluntary and mid-April liberation groups. Mid-April appeared to be the most favorable time for stocking hatchery-reared steelhead on the Alsea River. A voluntary release method did not significantly increase survival.
Intermediate coupling approach to the collisional stabilization step in ternary ion-molecule association reactions

Abstract Ternary ion-molecule association reactions (A + + B + AB + + C) are known to possess rate coefficients with an inverse dependence on temperature. This inverse temperature dependence has been partially reproduced by theories that posit intermediate AB + * complex formation and redissociation but do not consider the details of complex stabilization by collision. In this paper, the additional temperature, dependence of the complex collisional stabilization step is investigated theoretically. Our results indicate that the collisional stabilization step itself possesses a T o -T −1 dependence, in agreement with recent experimental studies.
Postfixation embryo reduction in unilateral and bilateral twins in mares.

Abstract Multiple ovulations were induced with a pituitary extract in mares, and the development of multiple conceptuses was monitored daily by ultrasound on days 11 to 40. The incidence of abortion (loss of all embryos) was not significantly different between mares with multiple embryos ( 5 38 mares; 13%) and mares with singletons ( 4 36 ; 11%). Embryo reduction (elimination of excess embryos) was not detected during the embryo mobility phase (days 11–15) or on the day of fixation of embryos (day 16) in any of 38 mares with multiple embryos. The incidence of postfixation embryo reduction for mares with twins was 64% ( 18 28 ); however, the incidence for unilateral twins ( 17 19 ; 89%) was greater (P 1 9 ; 11%). Reduction of unilateral twin embryos seemed to occur earlier (53% before day 20 and 82% before day 30) than for the set of bilateral twins (day 36). The remaining embryo in all mares in which embryo reduction occurred seemed normal in size and appearance on the last day of examination. However, in four of eighteen mares in which unilateral reduction occurred, the umbilical cord of the remaining embryo was attached in the ventral hemisphere of the all antochorion. This apparent disorientation was not seen in any of 16 bilaterally located embryos or in 16 singletons.
Approach to recurrent CMV disease and antiviral resistance

We appreciate the opportunity to further discuss our recent report on recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a non-HIV patient [1], in particular to respond to the interest and letter from Dr. Wiwanitkit, who asked us to address our approach to recurrent CMV disease and antiviral resistance. Presently, our patient remains disease-free, without evidence of retinitis or viremia. Favorably, she has not required further immunosuppression for the past 25 months. Treatment with high-dose (∼5,000–6,000 mcg/dose) GCV injections provided adequate local concentrations to inhibit/ control ocular infection. We suspect that lack of recurrent CMV disease is indicative of development of CMV-specific immunity. Our patient, in particular, experienced primary CMV infection with a high viral load during a period of intense immunodeficiency. Systemic antiviral therapy failed to suppress viremia and likely contributed to resistance. Viral clearance paralleled the rise in CD4 T lymphocytes [1]. Although CD4 T lymphocyte recovery suggests immune reconstitution, CD4 count recovery is not always associated with development of CMV-specific immunity, as demonstrated in an AIDS patient by Johnson et al. [2] and noted by Dr. Wiwanitkit. Among HIV patients, the best strategy to prevent CMV disease is early HAART, which has been associated with a marked decline in the incidence of CMV in this population. CMV drug resistance today primarily impacts solid-organ transplant recipients. We agree with Dr. Wiwanitkit that optimal treatment of drug-resistant CMV disease is limited and new agents are needed. Our case suggests that suprapharmacologic dosing of antivirals can be effective for treatment of retinitis due to drug-resistant CMV.
On the Performance of Simulated Annealing for Large-Scale L2 Unidimensional Scaling

In this research note, I present a modified version of G. De Soete, L. Hubert, and P. Arabie’s (1988) simulated annealing approach for the problem of L2 unidimensional scaling via maximization of the Defays criterion. The modifications include efficient storage and computation methods that facilitate rapid evaluation of trial solutions. The results of two experimental studies indicate that the enhanced simulated annealing algorithm is competitive with A. Murillo, J.F. Vera, and W.J. Heiser’s (2005) recently published pertsaus2 procedure in terms of solution quality and computation time. Both Fortran and MatLab versions of this modified simulated annealing implementation are available from the author.
Transport and entrapment of fish larvae by ocean mesoscale eddies and currents in Hawaiian waters

Abstract A study of ocean current patterns with associated biological measurements was conducted to ascertain if ocean eddies can transport and retain the planktonic larvae of coastal marine animals near islands for sufficient duration to complete the pelagic developmental phase. Our results indicate that (1) the mesoscale eddy/current systems can entrain and entrap larvae from the reefs, (2) sufficient residence time exists for many reef fish species to complete their pelagic development phase, and that (3) passive drift of larvae back to reefs is possible, although self-motile mechanisms may be more important.
Hepatic Dysfunction in Ambulatory Patients with Heart Failure – Application of the MELD Scoring System for Outcome Prediction

Purpose Liver abnormalities have prognostic impact on the outcome of patients with advanced heart failure.We evaluated the Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and its modified versions, established measures of liver dysfunction, as a tool to evaluate HTx urgency in ambulatory HF patients. Methods and Materials We retrospectively evaluated 343 patients undergoing HTx evaluation between 2005 and 2009. The prognostic effectiveness of MELD/MELDNa/MELD-XI for endpoint events defined as death/HTx/ventricular assist device (VAD) requirement was evaluated in our cohort and in subgroups of patients on and off oral anticoagulation. Results The MELD and MELDNa score were excellent predictors for 1 year endpoint events (AUC: 0.71 and 0.73, respectively). High scores (>12) were strongly associated with poor survival at one year (MELD: 69.3% vs. 90.4%, p Conclusions Assessment of liver dysfunction using the MELD scoring system provides additional risk information in patients with ambulatory heart failure.
Bioassay-directed fractionation of the organic extract of SRM 1649 urban-air particulate matter

Abstract Separation of 2 grams of the methylene chloride extract of NIST SRM 1649 (Washington, D.C. urban air particulate matter) into six compound class fractions by acid-base partitioning and silica gel column chromatography is demonstrated here. Recoveries of organic mass and Salmonella typhimurium TA98 mutagenic activity were greater than 80%. The fractionation method showed reproducible distribution of both mass and mutagenic activity; the compound class mass distribution results were similar to those obtained for more typical analytical fractionation of a milligram quantity of the extract mass. The most polar compound class fractions contained the greatest proportions of mutagenic activity.
A dramatic heavy-atom effect in the quenching of dichlorosubstituted lucigenin fluorescence

Abstract A dichloro derivative of lucigenin has been synthesized and found to exhibit almost no fluorescence. Calculations using the graphical unitary group approach (GUGA), as implemented in the G amess program suite and using the full Brett-Pauli spin–orbit operator yields unusually large spin–orbit coupling (SOC) values. Comparison with experimental and theoretical results for similar systems identify the intramolecular heavy-atom effect (HAE) observed for chlorine in this system to be comparable to that observed for bromosubstituted polyaromatics in earlier studies.
Human fatty acid synthase: Assembling recombinant halves of the fatty acid synthase subunit protein reconstitutes enzyme activity

Our model of the native fatty acid synthase (FAS) depicts it as a dimer of two identical multifunctional proteins (Mr ≈ 272,000) arranged in an antiparallel configuration so that the active Cys-SH of the β-ketoacyl synthase of one subunit (where the acyl group is attached) is juxtaposed within 2 Å of the pantetheinyl-SH of the second subunit (where the malonyl group is bound). This arrangement generates two active centers for fatty acid synthesis and predicts that if we have two appropriate halves of the monomer, we should be able to reconstitute an active fatty acid-synthesizing site. We cloned, expressed, and purified catalytically active thioredoxin (TRX) fusion proteins of the NH2-terminal half of the human FAS subunit protein (TRX-hFAS-dI; residues 1–1,297; Mr ≈ 166) and of the C-terminal half (TRX-hFAS-dII-III; residues 1,296–2,504; Mr ≈ 155). Adding equivalent amounts of TRX-hFAS-dI and TRX-hFAS-dII-III to a reaction mixture containing acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH resulted in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. The rate of synthesis was dependent upon the presence of both recombinant proteins and reached a constant level when they were present in equivalent amounts, indicating that the reconstitution of an active fatty acid-synthesizing site required the presence of every partial activity associated with the subunit protein. Analyses of the product acids revealed myristate to be the most abundant with small amounts of palmitate and stearate, possibly because of the way the fused recombinant proteins interacted with each other so that the thioesterase hydrolyzed the acyl group in its myristoyl state. The successful reconstitution of the human FAS activity from its domain I and domains II and III fully supports our model for the structure–function relationship of FAS in animal tissues.
Cycle-by-cycle intersection queue length distribution estimation using sample travel times

We propose Bayesian Network based methods for estimating the cycle by cycle queue length distribution of a signalized intersection. Queue length here is defined as the number of vehicles in a cycle which have experienced significant delays. The data input to the methods are sample travel times from mobile traffic sensors collected between an upstream location and a downstream location of the intersection. The proposed methods first classify traffic conditions and sample scenarios to seven cases. BN models are then developed for each case. The methods are tested using data from NGSIM, a field experiment, and microscopic traffic simulation. The results are satisfactory compared with two specific queue length estimation methods previously developed in the literature.
Mass spectrometric characterization of the crustacean neuropeptidome

Abstract Neuropeptides (NPs) are the largest class of signaling molecules used by nervous systems. Despite their functional importance, numerous challenges exist to characterize the full complement of NPs – the neuropeptidome. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MS-based techniques for NP identification and quantitation, as well as sample preparation strategies for various applications in several crustacean model organisms. By surveying published examples of crustacean neuropeptidomic analyses, we highlight challenges and progress in this dynamic field, and summarize the current state of knowledge about crustacean NPs and MS-based methodologies for NP analysis.
The Relationship of Counselor Self-Disclosure to Counselor Effectiveness.

Counselor self-disclosure was investigated as a dimension of counselor effectiveness with a sample of forty-one graduate students in a counseling and guidance practicum. Effectiveness was measured by ratings from clients and practicum supervisors. Clients rated the counselors in three aspects of the counseling interview and supervisors rated counselors in eight areas. Counselor self-disclosure scores were correlated significantly with all the criterion scores of counselor effectiveness (p <. 05). It was suggested that the concept of psychological disclosure may have important implications for counselor selection and training.
Limited magnitude error detecting codes over Z q

The error detecting problem for limited magnitude errors over high radix channels is studied. In this error model, the error magnitude does not exceed a certain limit known beforehand. For asymmetric and unidirectional channels, both all and t error detecting codes are studied. Further, close-to-optimal codes are proposed. For symmetric channels, optimal all error detecting codes are given.
Life-threatening neuropathy and hepatotoxicity in infants during induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

I N D U C T t O N of a hematologic remission is now achieved in nearly 95% of cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using a standard combination Of a vinca alkaloid (vincristine), prednisone , and a third agent, usually L-asparaginase o r adriamycin. 1 Toxicity is minimal and represents less than 1% of deaths during induction? The doses of these agents, based on a body surface area calculation, have been determined through extensive clinical testing utilizing both children and adults. Two young patients developed life-threatening neuropathy and hepatotoxicity after administration of this standard ALL chemotherapy regimen. A retrospective review of all infants with ALL seen at the University of Minnesota Hospitals over a two-year period Was then performed to determine if the profound toxicity observed in the two patients had been seen in other young children receiving induction therapy for ALL. The results of this review suggest that the accepted doses of chemotherapeutic agents used for ALL induction therapy in infants, especially vincristine, are excessive and that unacceptable toxicity may occur. CASE REPORTS Patient l, A 16-month-old girl weighing 10.1 kg, with a BSA of 0.47 m ~, was diagnosed as having ALL. Treatment was begun with vincristine 1.5 mg/m ~ weekly, which equaled 0.07 mg/kg; prednisone 40 mg/m ~ daily; and L-asparaginase 6,000 IU/m ~ three times per week for 28 daysl as well as methotrexate every two weeks intrathecally. On day 27, the patient was unable to move and had mouth sores, ileus, massive hepatosplenomegaly, and flaccid paralysis. An electromyogram revealed decreased muscle responsiveness to nerve stimulation, consistent with vincristine-induced axonal neuropathy. Because of progressive hepatic deterioration, a liver biopsy was performed; histologic examination showed diffuse severe fatty changes of hepatocytes, focal hepatocellular necrosis, a s evidenced by Small collections of neutrophils in the lobules, and a mild acute inflammatory cell infiltrate with minimal increase in fibrous tissue in the triads. Cholestasis was also present, but there was no evidence o[ viral inclusions. The biopsy was considered to be most consistent with drug-induced hepatotoxicity. After four weeks and a precarious
Measurement of speed and attenuation of longitudinal elastic waves in optical fibers

A longitudinal elastic pulse is generated in a segment of op- tical fiber. A laser Doppler vibrometer is used to make noncontact mea- surements of the axial surface velocity at several locations along the optical fiber segment. The measured temporal phase shift and amplitude attenuation of the elastic pulse as it propagates between measurement locations are used to deduce the elastic wave speed and mechanical loss factor for the optical fiber. The knowledge of these properties is important to the design of optical sensors for dynamic phenomena such as vibrations and acoustic pressure. One potential application of the method is nondestructive testing for delamination between an optical fiber's glass cladding and plastic jacket. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instru- mentation Engineers. (DOI: 10.1117/1.1403449)