cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-body bound states through Yukawa forces and perspectives on hydrogen and deuterium

We present and discuss numerical solutions to a two-body quantum bound state problem closely related to that of the hydrogen atom and the deuterium nucleus. The forces binding the particles of our system are Yukawa forces, which fall off with distance faster than the Coulomb force and arise for non-relativistic particles whose interactions are mediated by massive scalar or vector particles; the Coulomb force arises in the limit of massless mediators such as photons. We use the solutions to explain several features of deuterium. We also present heuristic estimates of ground state energies and energy level degeneracy breaking. Studying this Yukawa two-body system provides insights into hydrogen, deuterium, and two-body bound states, generally. We describe our undergraduate-accessible procedure for numerically solving non-relativistic two-body bound state problems with mathematica in the appendix.
Prioritizing health and productivity to support urban and informal women entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa

Urban women entrepreneurs (WEs) in the informal sector play a largely overlooked role in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). WEs also leverage collective action strategies to support each other. The COVID-19...
Rationalizing Incompatible Living Donor Kidney Transplantation for Highly Sensitized Candidates

Because highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates must draw from a large donor pool to find a biologically compatible donor, living donor transplantation is uncommon among HLA-sensitized patients in need of kidney transplantations. We review current data on treatment options for highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates and provide recommendations based on the evidence and our clinical experience. As kidney paired donation becomes more common in the USA, recent studies have published outcomes from large, multi-center national exchange programs. Recent national studies have also provided data on experience with HLA-incompatible kidney transplantation options for the highly sensitized candidate including paired kidney exchange, desensitization with HLA-incompatible transplantation, or waiting for a deceased donor transplant. This review summarizes the pros and cons of these options and provides recommendations for the highly sensitized patient with an incompatible living donor. Considerations include the likelihood of finding a biologically compatible donor, the degree of HLA-incompatibility and their associated outcomes in comparison to compatible transplantation, the downside of remaining on dialysis while waiting for a more suitable donor, and patient preference. Given the challenges in finding biologically compatible donors, HLA-incompatible transplantation is an appropriate option for many highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates.
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF LON TAXILES (W. H. EDWARDS, 1861)(LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE) FROM THE GREAT PLAINS

A new subspecies of Lon taxiles (W. H. Edwards, 1861) is described from the Pine Ridge of Nebraska and Black Hills of South Dakota. It is distinguished by the presence of distinct white spots on the VHW of females and darker males than specimens from other parts of its range.
Physics and Computation

This Element has three main aims. First, it aims to help the reader understand the concept of computation that Turing developed, his corresponding results, and what those results indicate about the limits of computational possibility. Second, it aims to bring the reader up to speed on analyses of computation in physical systems which provide the most general characterizations of what it takes for a physical system to be a computational system. Third, it aims to introduce the reader to some different kinds of quantum computers, describe quantum speedup, and present some explanation sketches of quantum speedup. If successful, this Element will equip the reader with a basic knowledge necessary for pursuing these topics in more detail.
Editorial Comment: Imaging the Vulnerable Carotid Plaque and Thinking Beyond Stenosis.

This Editorial Comment discusses the following AJR article: Utility of Dual-Layer Spectral-Detector CTA to Characterize Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Components: An Imaging-Histopathology Comparis...
Flow Cytometry and Sorting of Plant Protoplasts and Cells

Publisher Summary There are no theoretical limitations either on the sizes of the cells that can be analyzed and sorted using flow cytometry or on the sizes of the flow cells that can be employed. However, traditional procedures of flow cytometry and cell sorting and the designs of the instrumentation have been optimized using small biological cells and artificial microspheres. When dealing with the flow analysis and sorting of larger particles, a variety of practical considerations enter the picture. This chapter discusses some of the problems and their resolution in the sorting of biological cells as large as 100 μm using commercially available flow cytometric instrumentation. In principle, the procedures are applicable to all biological cells and cell aggregates within this size range, although they are illustrated for plant protoplasts, pollen, and spores of the tree-club moss Lycopodium.
Sour Grapes of Wrath

Of Moths and Men Intrigue, Tragedy and the Peppered Moth. Judith Hooper. Fourth Estate, London, 2002. 397 pp. £15.99. ISBN 1-84115-392-3. Of Moths and Men The Untold Story of Science and the Peppered Moth. Norton, New York, 2002. 397 pp. $26.95, C$38.99. ISBN 0-393-05121-8. Hooper presents a popular account of Biston betularia and the controversies surrounding Kettlewell9s experiments on the moth9s response to natural selection and pollution in the United Kingdom.
The Argument from Vagueness for Modal Parts

It has been argued by some that the argument from vagueness is one of the strongest arguments in favor of the theory of temporal parts. I will neither support nor dispute this claim here. Rather, I will present a version of the argument from vagueness, which – if successful – commits one to the existence of modal parts. I argue that a commitment to the soundness of the argument from vagueness for temporal parts compels one to commit to the soundness of the argument from vagueness for modal parts. I say compels, but not entails; an objection to one of the arguments highlights analogous ways to reject the other, making it difficult (but not impossible) to endorse one and reject the other. This would be a significant conclusion, if true, since there are far fewer (if any) who currently commit themselves to modal parts than the many who currently commit themselves to temporal parts (and who do so in part because of the argument from vagueness).
Consistency of administrators' and psychologists' actual and ideal perceptions of school psychologists' activities

Questionnaires asking for actual and ideal perceptions of the role of the school psychologist were completed by 80 school psychologists, 37 directors of pupil personnel services, and 29 superintendents in Virginia public schools. Administrators and school psychologists are in substantial agreement regarding the amount of time the psychologist actually devotes to different job activities. Approximately 75% of the psychologist's time is spent in Meyers' Level I activities (Meyers, 1973). All groups desire a reduction in the time spent in assessment, but they differ as to what intervention levels should be increased. Psychologists see the saved time most appropriately spent in interventions at the system level. Discrepancy between actual and desired roles is discussed in terms of the impact of P.L. 94–142. The consistency of psychologists' actual and ideal perceptions correlated significantly and negatively with their job satisfaction. This relationship is discussed in terms of role conflict, and a comparison is made of actual roles with the emphasis in two professional journals.
The Acadian Memorial As Civic Laboratory: Whiteness, History, and Governmentality in a Louisiana Commemorative Site

In museum and race studies, scholars disagree on how to conceive of the subject: is it an identity defined by enduring interests that authors museal representations, or is it a self in process that sites seek to form and re-orient? I enter this debate by investigating displays in an Acadian commemorative site in Louisiana and the civic aims that motivated its staff, collaborators, and funders. Through analysis of ethnographic material, participants’ goals and exhibit strategies emerge as targeting a new historical awareness—and a more “well-tempered” self—that everyday life did not generate. The article concludes that historical sites are best seen as a kind of laboratory—linked to diverse (rather than singular) political projects—for enabling novel behaviors, and that research on whiteness should be more sensitive to the governmental dimensions of how raced and classed subjects are formed.
Dynamics of Plain-Film Analysis of the Abdomen

The value of plain-film diagnosis in acute abdominal conditions is unquestioned. The visceral gas pattern is studied routinely in patients presenting clinical evidence of intestinal obstruction, perforation of a viscus, or an intraabdominal mass. Little appreciated and often neglected, however, are the diagnostic potentialities of abdominal films in more chronic and clinically occult conditions.13,20
Membrane Compartmentalization in Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells (RBCs) from individuals with Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) contain a mutant band 3 protein that causes the formation of unique linear oligomers in the RBC membrane. We used single-particle tracking to measure the lateral diffusion of individual glycophorin C (GPC), band 3, and CD58 proteins in membranes of intact SAO RBCs and normal RBCs (nRBCs). GPC, an integral protein that binds with high affinity to the RBC membrane skeleton, showed oscillatory motion within confinement areas that were smaller in SAO RBCs than in nRBCs. The additional confinement in SAO RBCs could be due to membrane stiffening associated with the SAO phenotype. Band 3 in both SAO RBCs and nRBCs also showed confined motion over short times (ms) and distances (nm), and the area of confinement was smaller in SAO RBCs than in nRBCs. These data presumably reflect the constraints imposed by band 3 oligomerization. Similarly, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein CD58 showed loosely confined diffusion in nRBCs and a substantially higher degree of confinement in SAO RBCs. Restricted protein mobility could contribute to the altered adherence of parasite-infected RBCs to vascular endothelium that is thought to protect individuals with SAO from severe manifestations of malaria.
Conformational Changes Underlying Desensitization of the Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel ELIC.

Summary Structural rearrangements underlying functional transitions of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are not fully understood. Using 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we found that ELIC, a pLGIC from Erwinia chrysanthemi , expanded the extracellular end and contracted the intracellular end of its pore during transition from the resting to an apparent desensitized state. Importantly, the contraction at the intracellular end of the pore likely forms a gate to restrict ion transport in the desensitized state. This gate differs from the hydrophobic gate present in the resting state. Conformational changes of the TM2-TM3 loop were limited to the N-terminal end. The TM4 helices and the TM3-TM4 loop appeared relatively insensitive to agonist-mediated structural rearrangement. These results indicate that conformational changes accompanying functional transitions are not uniform among different ELIC regions. This work also revealed the co-existence of multiple conformations for a given state and suggested asymmetric conformational arrangements in a homomeric pLGIC.
Nanotube Growth and Characterization

This chapter presents a review of various growth methods for carbon nanotubes. Recent advances in nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approaches are summarized. CVD methods are promising for producing high quality nanotube materials at large scales. Moreover, controlled CVD growth strategies on catalytically patterned substrates can yield ordered nanotube architectures and integrated devices that are useful for fundamental characterizations and potential applications of nanotube molecular wires.
Exposing the ORM Cache: Familiarity with ORM caching issues can help prevent performance problems and bugs.

In the early 1990s, when object-oriented languages emerged into the mainstream of software development, a noticeable surge in productivity occurred as developers saw new and better ways to create software programs. Although the new and efficient object programming paradigm was hailed and accepted by a growing number of organizations, relational database management systems remained the preferred technology for managing enterprise data. Thus was born ORM (object-relational mapping), out of necessity, and the complex challenge of saving the persistent state of an object environment in a relational database subsequently became known as the object-relational impedance mismatch.
Real time estimation for usage-dependent reliability on a dual-backbone network subsystem

This paper presents a method to efficiently estimate the network reliability, in support of the "real time" needs of a geographically diverse set of users. The network subsystem considered here is a ring-structured, dual-backbone network. The measurement is usage-dependent in terms of location and time. For users at different locations and/or different times, different requirements are applied to the network, thus different network reliabilities are expected. Our method applies the hierarchical decomposition principle and takes advantages of the graph similarities. The real-time estimation for all locations, at one time step, takes O(nmk) time, where n is the number of site nodes that need to be connected, m is the number of backbone nodes for one backbone network and k is the number of locations considered.
Biomedicine globalized and localized: western medical practices in an outpatient clinic of a Mexican hospital.

Abstract Following contemporary globalization, biomedicine and western style hospitals have penetrated most corners of the world. We must therefore ask, “How has the diffusion of biomedicine impacted biomedicine's core features of practice cross culturally? How do physicians in different countries make diagnoses, explain etiology and treat patients? To what degree does a physician's cultural understanding shape biomedicine?” Based on extensive fieldwork in a Mexican hospital (Physicians at work, patients in pain. Revised with new preface, Carolina Academic Press, Durham, 2001), this study analyzes the ways in which biomedicine becomes culturally reinterpreted as it moves from one cultural venue to another, and explores the theoretical and practical consequences of this reinterpretation. This analysis illuminates the relationship between biomedicine and the nature of social transformations and refines our understanding of globalization. From a practical perspective, the study is important because a nation's epidemiological profiles are based on statistics drawn from the diagnoses that physicians make. We must not assume that because the same medical nomenclature is used to make the diagnoses, these diagnoses are based on culturally neutral and uniform assessments.
Understanding Anti-Arab Reactions Post-9/11: The Role of Threats, Social Categories, and Personal Ideologies1

This study examined social psychological processes associated with anti-Arab reactions (prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination) following the September 11 terrorist attacks. Participants (N= 201) responded to an online survey. Perceived threats, self-categorization, social dominance orientation, and just-world beliefs were tested for their effectiveness in predicting anti-Arab reactions. The results reveal that self-categorization and social dominance orientation each individually accounted for a substantial percentage of the variance, while perceived threats accounted for a relatively small amount of the variance in anti-Arab responses. However, an integrated model demonstrated that social dominance orientation, threats, self-categorization, and a threat by self-categorization interaction provided the best prediction of anti-Arab reactions. Results are discussed in terms of the theoretical and practical applications for understanding out-group derogation following political-cultural world events.
Thresholds and the spatial variability of flood power during extreme floods

Abstract Analysis of the effects of extreme events on overall landscape form has shifted geomorphic attention away from a focus on the magnitude and frequency relationship of discharge to a focus on flood power. This paper analyzes the variation in flood power both at-a-station and downstream in a basin of differing lithologies, and discusses the geologic and geomorphic controls on flood power. Design floods ranging from the 2-year discharge tothe 500-year discharge are routed trough a drainage basin, and channel boundary shear stress and unit stream power are calculated using HEC-2 along 21 cross valley transects. Because of the strong lithologic control on valley width and channel slope, an irregular downstream pattern of flood power emerges which reflects primarily the pattern in valley width. Narrow valleys correspond to a greater percent of channel conveyance during large magnitude floods and increasing rates of depth increases - thus maximizing flood power in these zones. The opposite occurs in anomalously wide valleys where flood power is minimized. A downstream spatial pattern emerges reflecting both local and general controls. For a given probability event, flood power varies at least threefold within the basin with a maximum occuring in a specific downstream section. Holding flood power constant produces an extremely wide range in flow probabilities. In order to establish a link between critical flood power magnitude and flow frequency, minimum flood powers are developed from an analysis of previous work on “catastrophic” flooding for humid, alluvial channels. These minimum thresholds tentatively correspond to 100 N/m2 or 300 W/m2 for shear stress and unit stream power, respectively. Discharges required to attain these critical flood powers vary from events roughly twice the 100-year flood to a maximum of roughly 18 times the discharge of the 100 year flood.
Psychophysical exponents for single papillae: A comparison with whole-mouth exponents

Taste intensity judgments in response to chemical stimulation of single human fungiform papillae were obtained by the method of magnitude estimation. Intensity scales constructed from these data were compared to those obtained from the same subjects in response to stimulation of the whole mouth. Single papilla functions conformed well to the power law governing the growth of sensation magnitude, although a minority of single papilla functions exhibited peaking of response magnitude at intermediate concentrations, followed by a decline in response magnitude at higher concentrations. Single papilla exponents were found to be lower than whole mouth exponents and were positively correlated with detection and/or recognition thresholds of the papillae for most compounds. Exponents of summated single papilla functions were greater than median single papilla exponents, but their relative magnitude vs. whole mouth exponents varied by test compound. The data were discussed in relationship to previous findings concerning flow rate effects, threshold-exponent relationships across the tongue surface, and level-dependent spatial summation.
Antimutagenic activity of extracts of leaves of four common edible vegetable plants in Nigeria (West Africa)

Abstract Organic solvent extracts of leaves of 4 common edible vegetable plants — Bryophyllum pinnatum, Dialium guincense, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina — had inhibitory activity for His − to His + reverse-mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate acting on Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The concentrated ethyl acetate, methanol and petroleum ether extracts were heat-stable when dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The Bryophyllum ethyl acetate extract was fractionated into alkaloidal/water-soluble, acids, polar lipid and non-polar lipid fractions. The polar and non-polar lipid fractions inhibited reversion mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate acting on TA100 or TA1002, and were also active against reversions induced by 4-nitro- O -phenylenediamine and 2-aminofluorene in TA98. The alkaloidal/water-soluble and the acid fractions had no appreciable antimutagenic activities.
Sulfur in aerosol versus wind direction in New York City and a nearby rural site

Abstract Analysis of aerosol samples collected simultaneously in New York City and in a rural area in New Jersey showed that concentrations of sulfur were similar at both locations. Summer measurements in New York City, five months later, showed that sulfur in aerosol was as much as ten times greater when the wind blew from the southwest quarter compared to other wind directions. We infer from these results that the bulk of particulate sulfur in New York City is transport from the west.
The identification problem for the exponential Radon transform

The exponential Radon transform, which arises in single photon emission computed tomography, is defined by ℛ ƒ(μ:ω,s) = ∫Rƒ(sω + tomega;⟂) eμt dtƒ. Here ƒ is a compactly supported distribution in the plane which represents the location and intensity of a radio-pharmaceutical in a body of constant, but unknown, attenuation μ, and ω is a direction. The identification problem is to determine the attenuation μ from the data ℛƒ with ƒ unknown. We will show that μ can be determined from the data if and only if ƒ is not a radial distribution and give formulae for computing μ when ƒ is not radial.
Giving Sight and Voice to The Blind Mutes: An Overview of Theoretical Ideas In Autobiographical Memory

Abstract In metaphorical terms, some might characterize psychologists as “blind mutes trying to understand the elephant,” with each set of scholars (the blind mutes) understanding only a portion of the problem (the elephant) and unable to communicate their understanding to other scholars. Both individually and collectively, the articles in this special issue, which is devoted to theories of autobiographical memory, provide a powerful counterargument to this metaphor. This article highlights some of the important ideas that appear in each of the articles in this volume and notes how the study of these ideas has benefited from a broad approach to the study of autobiographical memory.
Managing osteoarthritis pain when your patient fails simple analgesics and NSAIDs and is not a candidate for surgery

With no disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs on the immediate horizon, the goal of osteoarthritis therapy remains management of pain and maintenance of function. Evidence supports use of nonpharmacologic measures including patient education, judicious exercise and weight loss, and assistive devices when appropriate to reduce pain and further loss of function. First line pharmacotherapy is acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, toxicities are associated with longterm use of these drugs. Evidence also supports the use of opioids in osteoarthritis pain management when other interventions are insufficient. NSAIDs and opioids are mutually dose sparing and combining relatively low doses of a drug from each class provides synergistic analgesia while limiting toxicity. Alternative therapies include tramadol and intra-articular injections of steroids and hyaluronic acid. There is evidence to support glucosamine as an adjunct in treating osteoarthritis. Evidence is lacking to support the use of chondroitin, S-adenosyl-methionine, or dimethyl sulfoxide in osteoarthritis pain management.
Real Linear Maps Preserving Some Complex Subspaces

We find configurations of subspaces of a complex vector space such that any real linear map with sufficiently high rank that maps the subspaces into complex subspaces of the same dimension must be complex linear or antilinear.
Refractive index measurements of ammonia and hydrocarbon ices at 632.8 nm

Abstract Optical constants in a broad temperature and wavelength range are important input parameters in radiative transfer models used in studies of planetary atmospheres. In the laboratory, the refractive index values of ices at the HeNe laser wavelength (632.8 nm) are often used to monitor the growth rate and thickness of ice films. In this report we present laboratory measurements determining the refractive index at 632.8 nm of ammonia and hydrocarbon ices in the temperature range 80–100 K. Thin ice films are vapor-deposited on a cryogenically cooled mirror located inside a high-vacuum apparatus. The real component of the refractive index of these ice films is determined by a two-angle interferometric technique. Optical modeling calculations of the transmittance and reflectance through the thin ice films assist in the interpretation of the experimental results. We discuss our results and compare them with other measurements available in the literature. The results reported here are relevant to the spectroscopy of icy objects in the solar system; they are needed to perform laboratory characterization of ices, derive optical constants, and model spectra.
Orexins/Hypocretins Act in the Posterior Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus During Repeated Stress to Regulate Facilitation to Novel Stress

Orexins/hypocretins heavily innervate the posterior division of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (pPVT), which expresses both orexin receptor types. The pPVT is important for adaptations to repeated stress, particularly the ability to facilitate to novel stress after repeated stress exposure. Here, we examined how orexins acting in the pPVT regulate facilitation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to novel restraint after 4 d of repeated swim stress. Blockade of orexin receptors in the pPVT with SB334867 before novel restraint did not change the facilitated HPA response. However, blockade of orexin receptors before each of four daily swim exposures prevented the facilitated ACTH and facilitated hypothalamic c-Fos response to restraint as well as the repeated swim stress-induced increase in CRH mRNA in the paraventricular hypothalamus. These results suggest that orexin actions in the pPVT during the 4 d of swim, but not during restraint, are necessary for the facilitated HPA response to heterotypic restraint. Exposure to the fourth swim produced a shift in orexin1 receptors from membrane to cytosolic fractions. OrexinA also changed the firing patterns of pPVT cells to be more responsive in repeatedly swim stressed rats compared with nonstressed rats. Together, the results suggest that orexin actions in the pPVT, mediated by orexin1 receptors, are important for the ability to adapt to repeated stress.
The Cotton Mill Village Turned City: A Retrospective Analysis of Three of Georgia’s Smallest Cities

In the latter part of the nineteenth and early part of the twentieth centuries, the dominance of the cotton economy was reflected in the growth of textile mills throughout the U.S. South. In Georgia, the number of cotton mills doubled between 1860 and 1900, providing work for down-on-their-luck sharecroppers who needed a regular paycheck. A few of these geographically tiny mill villages, built by mill owners to house the influx of mill workers, were incorporated into official cities in the first two decades of the twentieth century and continue to exist today, despite their small size, economic challenges, and efforts at consolidation. This article examines three of these Georgia mill villages-turned-cities: Aldora in Lamar County, Payne City in Bibb County, and Riverside in Colquitt County. The research focuses on why these cities, adjacent to or within another city, incorporated in the first place and why they continue to maintain governments that at first glance appear to provide little added value to ...
Benzodiazepines and the elderly a review of potential problems

This article reviews the literature describing the extent of benzodiazepine use and abuse in the elderly and specific problems attendant upon this use, Unrecognized, undocumented use and abuse of psychoactive drugs is frequent in this population and can lead to serious problems with untreated dependence and withdrawal. The elderly appear to be more sensitive to the effects of benzodiazepines, both because of changed pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with aging and because of altered postreceptor cerebral response. All problems identified with benzodiazepines such as dependence, withdrawal, and cognitive and psychomotor impairment are proportionally greater among the elderly, who can least afford these risks. Review of the literature leads to the conclusion that benzodiazepine prescribing for the elderly should be undertaken with the greatest caution and only with the recognition of all potentially disastrous effects.
Diagnostic Value of Test Score Differentials Found Between Measures of Visual and Auditory Memory in Severely Disabled Readers

A report on a study involving differences between auditory and visual memory as a reliable index of muscular tension
Synthesis of an integral protein of the protein-body membrane in Phaseolus vulgaris cotyledons.

Protein-body membranes (PBMs) were isolated from cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris L. by a procedure involving osmotic shock of purified protein bodies. The purified PBMs have a characteristic density of 1.16 g cm(-3). Treatment of the membranes with increasing concentrations of detergent (Triton X-100) or with a solution at pH 12.0 showed that the membranes contained a characteristic integral protein (IMP) with a relative molecular mass of 25,000. This IMP is not a glycoprotein. When developing cotyledons were labeled with (3)H-amino acids for 2-3 h, a radioactive polypeptide with the same mobility on denaturing polyacrylamide gels as IMP was found to be associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During a 24-h chase, a considerable portion of the radioactivity slowly transferred into the IMP associated with more rapidly sedimenting organelles, which sedimented in the same region of the sucrose gradients as the PBMs. Antibodies prepared against purified IMP crossreacted with an ER-associated protein which had the same mobility on denaturing acrylamide gels as authentic IMP. Synthesis of IMP occurred at all stages of cotyledon development examined, but not during seed germination. The results show that a newly synthesized protein of the PBM is associated with the rough ER, just like the soluble matrix proteins, phaseolin (R. Bollini, W. Van der Wilden and M.J. Chrispeels, 1983, J. Cell Biol. 96,999-1007) and phytohemagglutinin (M.J. Chrispeels and R. Bollini, 1982, Plant Physiol. 70, 1425-1428), but that the chase-out from the ER is much slower for IMP than for the matrix proteins.
Models for the Comet Dynamical Environment

An outgassing jet model is presented in support of spacecraft navigation for future missions to comets. The outgassing jet is modeled as an emission cone while the comet is modeled as a uniform density triaxial ellipsoid. The comet's motion about the sun is included in the model. The model is used to explore the effects on a spacecraft passing through an outgassing jet field. The outgassing jet model is also used for simulation and estimation of the physical outgassing properties of jets at and near the surface of a comet. Methods for estimating the locations and sizes of multiple outgassing jets are presented.
The development and replacement of teeth in viviparous caecilians.

Tooth development and replacement in fetal and adult viviparous caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) are described and analyzed according to current theories of tooth succession. The fetal dentition differs from that of the adult in morphology, position, and function. Teeth are used by fetuses to scrape the oviducal epithelium, thus stimulating the secretion of a nutrient substance. Fetal dentitions vary in morphology and position in different species. The ontogeny of teeth of several species is described and the patterns of addition of loci and of replacement are analyzed, Loci are added both posteriorly along the jaw and between existing loci as the jaw grows prior to ossification; subsequently addition is restricted to the posterior part of the jaw. Tooth replacement is alternate. The several rows and patches of teeth are the result of retention of replacement series on the dentigerous elements. Tooth development and replacement in a series of juveniles and adults of different sizes in a single species are also considered. Post-fetal patterns of development and replacement are similar to those seen in larvae and adults of oviparous species. Variation in numbers of teeth and proportions of teeth at particular stages occurs ontogenetically and among individuals of the same size, though proportions occur in a similar pattern throughout the series. The general pattern of tooth replacement in fetuses and adults can be explained by either Edmund's Zahnreihen theory or by Osborn's Tooth Family theory, but replacement in fetal tooth patches and the fetal-adult dentitional transition are explained by neither.
Mixed prognosis for coral reefs

A new report on the global state of coral reefs indicates that there is “strong evidence that the corner is being turned” in the ability to stop reef decline. However, attempts to manage coral reefs to arrest their decline still lag behind the increasing rate of reef degradation, according to the report, “Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2002,” issued on 10 December. The report is produced biennially by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN).
High-resolution carbon-13 NMR of polymers in the solid state

This paper reviews the salient features of the methods used for resolution and sensitivity enhancement in13C NMR spectra of solids. Performance characteristics of the unique variable-temperature cross-polarization magic angle spinning (VT-CPMAS) apparatus developed in our laboratory are given. We present results of structural studies on fluoropolymers using this technique, and discuss the issue of intensities in cross-polarized spectra. In addition, results of an ongoing VT-CPMAS study of polypropylene dynamics are given.
Capacity of a Modulo-Sum Arbitrary SISO Relay Network

This paper shows how to obtain the capacity of modular additive noise of an arbitrary single-input- single-output (SISO) relay network. The arbitrary SISO relay network is a network where the relays are interconnected with each other in various combinations. Its capacity is obtained by using a quantize-and-forward (QAF) strategy at each relay node. This paper considers all channels as discrete memoryless channels. In order to obtain the capacity of an arbitrary SISO relay network, this paper simplifies the network in terms of a parallel and serial relay network and finds the capacity. First, the capacity expression for a parallel relay network is obtained. In a parallel relay network, the source is transmitted to all relays; then each relay, using a QAF strategy, forwards the source to the destination. Second, the capacity expression for a serial relay network where the relays are interconnected serially is obtained. Finally, after expressing the capacities for parallel and serial relay networks, this paper explains how to obtain the capacity for any arbitrary SISO relay network.
The effect of catecholamines on H+ and NH4+ excretion in toad urinary bladder

Abstract 1. The catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, when placed on the toad urinary bladder in vitro , at a final concentration of 50 μM, caused a significant increase in H + and NH + 4 excretion by the bladder. 2. Isoprenaline in a final concentration of 50 μM also increased H + and NH + 4 excretion in the bladder. 3. Propranolol at a concentration of 50 μM blocked the stimulation of H + excretion by isoprenaline but propranolol at 100 μM was required to block the stimulation of NH + 4 by isoprenaline. 4. The dose-response analysis indicates that the concentration of epinephrine used (50 μM) is at or near the maximal effective dose. 5. These findings indicate that catecholamines stimulate H + and NH + 4 excretion in the toad urinary bladder and evidence suggests this may be mediated via the β receptor mechanism.
Analysis of the oscillation frequency and waveform amplitude for a high-frequency differential ring oscillator

In this paper, the oscillation frequency and waveform amplitude of a high frequency differential ring oscillator are analyzed and derived with a new platform. The obtained equations describe the nonlinear dependence of amplitude and frequency on the tail current, number of delay cell stages, and transistor sizes. The accuracies of the obtained equations are verified by the Cadence Spectre simulation results and experimental data. Compared with currently available expressions, the obtained equations show significantly improved accuracies; therefore they can be used to guide and facilitate high frequency differential oscillator design in submicron CMOS technology. The derivation platform can also be used to analyze other ring oscillator topologies.
The dipole moment of carbon monosulfide

Abstract A parallel plate Stark modulated spectrometer useful in the centimeter and millimeter wave region is discussed and employed to measure the dipole moment of carbon monosulfide in the ground and first excited vibrational state. The change in the dipole moment is consistent with the possible valence bond structure.
Tailoring of mechanical properties of hydroformed aluminum tubes

Tailoring of the mechanical properties of hydroformed aluminum 6063-T4 tubes to those of aluminum 6063-T6 was performed by heat treatment. Quasi-static tensile tests and a SEM analysis were conducted to evaluate the change of the mechanical properties. The experimental results of the hydroformed tubes in T4 condition (before the heat treatment) show significant variations of the mechanical properties along the length due to the different extents of work hardening by hydroforming. The experimental results of the hydroformed tubes in T6 condition (after the heat treatment) show that the precipitation hardening successfully removed the effects of the non-uniform work hardening and resulted in the uniform mechanical properties in the tube.
The Relationship Between Receptive and Expressive Subskills of Academic L2 Proficiency in Nonnative Speakers of English: A Multigroup Approach

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between receptive and expressive language skills characterized by the performance of nonnative speakers (NNSs) of English in the academic context. Test scores of 585 adult NNSs were selected from Form 2 of the Pearson Test of English Academic's field-test database. A correlated two-factor model was chosen as a baseline model and was tested for multigroup invariance. The results of this study suggest that a similar factor structure underpins adult NNSs' receptive and expressive linguistic performance across gender, but a different factor structure exists for high- and low-ability groups. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cells

Abstract Previous work has demonstrated that formic acid fuel cells show interesting properties for micro power generation. In this paper the effects of the anode catalyst composition on fuel cell performance is investigated. In particular, the performance of Pt, Pt/Pd and Pt/Ru catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cells is investigated and their effect on cell power density output at 30 °C are compared. It is found that the open cell potential varies significantly with the catalyst composition. The Pt/Pd catalyst shows an open cell potential of 0.91 V compared to 0.71 V with pure platinum and 0.59 V with Pt/Ru. The current at a cell potential of 0.5 V is 62 mA/cm2 with Pt/Pd compared to 33 mA/cm2 with pure platinum and 38 mA/cm2 with Pt/Ru. Interestingly, the Pt/Ru catalyst gives the most power at low voltage 70 mW/cm2 at 0.26 V, compared to 43 mW/cm2 for pure platinum and 41 mW/cm2 for Pt/Pd. All of the catalysts showed stable operation during several hour tests. Analysis of the data indicates that the addition of palladium enhances the rate of formic acid electrooxidation via a direct reaction mechanism, while ruthenium additions suppress the direct pathway and enhance electrooxidation via a reactive CO intermediate.
Role of simulation in understanding biological systems

Abstract Recent advances in computer performance and affordability have accelerated their application to understanding biological phenomena. Computational models are now an integral part of biological and biomedical research. This paper presents a range of examples that illustrate the important role that computational simulation plays in research in the biological and biomedical sciences.
Secure communication with side information and constrained encoding

Two main ingredients that enable wiretap codes to achieve information-theoretic secrecy are their binning structure and the randomization among multiple codewords. The presence of an infinite amount of randomness is an oversimplifying assumption which act as a hurdle that prevents the development of practical codes for wiretap channels. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between the achievable secrecy rate and the randomness rate for wiretap channels with side information, non-causally known to the transmitter. Using the linear deterministic approach, we present insights into finding near-optimal codes under limited randomness.
Comparative study of arterial transmission velocity

Abstract For the purpose of determining the arterial transmission velocity experiments were performed on anesthetized mongrel dogs by recording arterial pressure measured simultaneously at two positions along the axis of the abdominal aorta. Four independent methods: pulse wave velocity (PWV), apparent phase velocity (APV), ‘true’ phase velocity (TPV) and correlation propagation velocity (CPV) were used for comparison and for the future purpose of providing a reliable index with which to relate and to compare changes of elastic constants of the arterial wall with arterial disease. Of these four velocity determinations, the PWV proved to be the least reliable. The relationship between the APV and TPV suggests the experimental differences may be related to arterial reflections. On the other hand, the CPV, as measured by the cross correlation technique, was less subject to beat-to-beat variations than was the PWV, in actual determination; although the CPV is a much easier method and a more consistent measure of the arterial pressure pulse transmission velocity. In these studies, the apparent terminal vascular impedance of the arterial transmission line appears to match the apparent characteristic impedance of the large arteries.
CT-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of an Aldosterone-secreting Primary Adrenal Tumor in a Surgically Unfit Patient

Because of the speed and efficiency of laparoscopic adrenalectomy, alternative surgical procedures for adrenal adenomas are uncommon. The present report outlines the case of a young patient with an adrenal adenoma causing Conn syndrome who was a poor candidate for surgical treatment. Computed tomography (CT)–guided radiofrequency ablation of the adenoma was performed with a paraspinal approach and injection of dextrose 5% in water. After successful ablation of the 1.8-cm × 1.2-cm mass according to imaging criteria, the patient's symptoms largely resolved.
Survey courses and AP CS principles (abstract only)

With initiatives like CS Ed Week, Code.org, and the AP CS Principles course, many educators are designing new and engaging ways to introduce students to computer science. But are we doing a good enough job presenting computer science as a field? Is it sufficient for prospective students to understand that CS is about creativity, abstraction, data, algorithms, programming, the Internet, and impact? Or should they also learn something about computer architecture, operating systems, networking and security, programming languages, software engineering, database systems, and so forth? This BOF will discuss how survey courses can meet the learning objectives of AP CS Principles, while providing a wealth of content knowledge that maps directly to undergraduate computer science programs.
Bundle-debond technique for characterizing fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion

An experimental technique called bundle-debonding, has been developed for characterizing the interfacial adhesion of fibre bundles and matrix. The specimen is double-notched and contains a partially embedded fibre layer in between the notches. When a tensile load is applied at the specimen ends, the load transfer across the notch and between two pieces of matrix, occurs through the interface between a single layer of fibres and matrix. Kevlar-29 (Kelvar is a registered trademark of E.I. duPont de nemours) fibre tows were used in conjunction with a solid phenolic resin to fabricate the specimens. Experiments were conducted at various embedded lengths resulting in interfacial debond. A simple shear-lag analysis was carried out to determine the interfacial shear strength. The interfacial shear strength of Kevlar-29/phenolic resin has been determined to be 15 MPa. This technique is promising for application on several fibre/matrix systems, specially for fibres of extremely low nominal diameter, supplied as tows.
Delivery of twins.

The aim of this article is to review current information regarding the management of twin gestations and discuss optimal pregnancy length and considerations regarding route of delivery. Limited data are available on the timing and mode of delivery for twins. For apparently uncomplicated twin pregnancies, current recommendations suggest the optimal length of gestation is 38 weeks for dichorionic diamniotic twins, 34-36 weeks for monochorionic diamniotic twins, and 32-34 weeks for monoamniotic twins. In general, vaginal trial of labor may be considered for cephalic–cephalic twins and in cases of cephalic–noncephalic twins where the provider's skills and experience allow. Cesarean is recommended in twin gestations with monoamnionicity, noncephalic presenting fetus, and those at high risk for combined vaginal-abdominal delivery. The optimal management of twin deliveries is controversial, with timing and mode of delivery dependent on multiple factors, including chorionicity, amnionicity, provider experience, and fetal presentation.
AEGIS: architecture for tamper-evident and tamper-resistant processing

We describe the architecture for a single-chip AEGIS processor which can be used to build computing systems secure against both physical and software attacks. Our architecture assumes that all components external to the processor, such as memory, are untrusted. We show two different implementations. In the first case, the core functionality of the operating system is trusted and implemented in a security kernel. We also describe a variant implementation assuming an untrusted operating system. AEGIS provides users with tamper-evident, authenticated environments in which any physical or software tampering by an adversary is guaranteed to be detected, and private and authenticated tamper-resistant environments where additionally the adversary is unable to obtain any information about software or data by tampering with, or otherwise observing, system operation. AEGIS enables many applications, such as commercial grid computing, secure mobile agents, software licensing, and digital rights management.Preliminary simulation results indicate that the overhead of security mechanisms in AEGIS is reasonable.
Adaptive filtering in underwater tracking with correlated measurement noise

The authors describe a multistage, hierarchical adaptive filtering technique derived for a complex, real-time nonlinear state estimation problem where the measurement noise is markedly non-Gaussian. The relative efficiency of the derived mathematical model was demonstrated through a Monte Carlo simulation experiment employing noisy angle-of-arrival measurements for undersea tracking. >