cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Potassium Ions in the Vascular Response to a Brief Tetanus

Changes in the plasma potassium ion (K+) concentration in the venous effluent of isolated dog tibialis cranialis and extensor digitorum longus muscles were measured following 1 second of tetanic exercise (32 impulses/sec) during constant-flow perfusion. After a brief delay, venous plasma K+ concentration increased to a peak change of 0.23 ± 0.02 mEq/liter and then returned to the control level within 1.5 minutes after the beginning of stimulation, representing a net K+ loss of 1.7 µEq/100 g muscle. These experiments indicate a very short period of actual tissue-blood K+ transfer, since the time course of the venous efflux can be explained almost entirely by the distribution of vascular transit times. Our best estimate is that a 1-second tetanus produces an immediate 1.3-2.4-mEq/liter increase in interstitial K+ concentration which then returns to its control level with a time constant of 6-8 seconds due to rapid cellular reuptake. These K+ concentration changes have sufficient magnitude and the correct time course to play a significant role in the production of the vascular response to a brief tetanus.
Conceptualizing Women's Health: Discovering the Dimensions

Once neatly compartmentalized to variables surrounding reproduction, women's health research has been broadened to include life-span dimensions such as caretaking, chronic illness, the impact of relationships, career opportunities, social status, cultural beliefs about health, and sexual orientation. In conceptualizing the complex interrelationships of women, their beliefs, their status, and the symbolic meaning of their health to their nexus and to society in general within social psychological and social structural contexts leaves us with as yet undiscovered limits of the variables. Whereas quantitative researchers give us endless detail, qualitative researchers tend to strive for broader vistas. From a qualitative analysis of selected literature, I have fashioned a conceptual framework of women's health.
Characterization and Mechanical Behavior of Nanoporous Gold

Here the authors present current issues in understanding the mechanical behavior of nanoporous foams as a new class of high yield strength/low density materials. Gold nanoporous foams are used for a systematic study of mechanical properties since they can be synthesized with a wide range of ligaments sizes and densities. Preliminary tests demonstrate that a) Au foams have a fracture behavior dictated by the ligament size, and b) nanoporous Au is a high yield strength material.
Pre-plasma scale length effect on hot electron generation in laser matter interaction

The pre-plasma created by the laser pre-pulse can significantly alter the dynamics of relativistic hot electrons generation in laser matter interaction at relativistic intensities (>> 1018 W/cm2). This may be important for fast ignition of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) as optimum energy of hot electrons required for efficient core heating is in the range of 1-3 MeV
Philanthropy, Voluntary Association, and Governance Beyond the State: Giving Circles and Challenges for Democracy

There has been little discussion about the democratic impacts of new roles and expectations put on private philanthropy and voluntarism in an era of governance beyond the state. This article explor...
Non-radioactive nucleic acid detection systems

Non-radioactive methods to label nucleic acids to be used as probes are being used more often. Non-radioactive detection methods offer several advantages over the usual radioactive methods. Non-radioactive detection methods eliminate the need to deal with the licensing, waste disposal, and safety concerns associated with the use radioactive material. The probes generated are more stable than are probes labeled with 32P. The detection sensitivity of the radioactive and non-radioactive probes is comparable. Non-radioactive detection methods typically require shorter exposure times to detect the hybridization signal [1–5].
Left-Digit Bias and Inattention in Retail Purchases: Evidence from a Field Experiment

Chetty, Looney and Kroft (2009) find that consumers perceive tax-salience as a price increase, i.e. sales decrease when posting tax-inclusive prices. Using data from their unique experiment, I test whether individuals display inattention to the decimal digits of the price (i.e. left-digit bias). I find a larger decrease in sales of products in which tax salience shifts the left-most digit upwards, even though the tax rate is the same for all products. This study presents new evidence on left-digit bias from a quasi-random experiment, which also suggests that this is the main channel through which tax salience affects consumers' decisions.
Magnitude, decadal changes, and impact of regional background ozone transported into the greater Houston, Texas, area.

Two independent analyses of the daily maximum 8 h average ozone concentrations measured during the high ozone season (May through October) at Continuous Ambient Monitoring Stations are used to quantify the regional background ozone transported into the Houston–Galveston–Brazoria (HGB) area. The dependence on wind direction is examined, and long-term trends are determined using measurements made between 1998 and 2012. Both analyses show that the regional background ozone has declined during periods of continental outflow: i.e., the conditions associated with most high ozone episodes in HGB. The changes in regional background ozone found for northeasterly and southeasterly flow are −0.50 ± 0.54 and −0.79 ± 0.65 (95% confidence limit) ppbv yr–1, respectively, which correspond to decreases of ∼7–11 ppbv between 1998 and 2012. This finding is consistent with the summertime downward trend of −0.45 ppbv yr–1 (range of sites: −0.87 to +0.07 ppbv yr–1) for ozone in the eastern U.S. between 1990 and 2010 reported b...
Retention of the hard-core unemployed.

Previous attempts to determine correlates of successful employer experience with the hard core unemployed have been restricted because of their focus upon a limited number of variable sets and lack...
The Formation of Curved Polymer Crystals: Polyoxymethylene.

An optical and electron microscopical study is presented of the habits exhibited by chain-folded polyoxymethylene crystals grown from hot 0.02 percent solutions of the polymer in orthodichlorobenzene when these solutions are cooled to temperatures (Tc ) between 140 and 80 °C inclusive. In contrast with the lamellar crystals formed in the Tc = 140 and 120 °C preparations, which crystals were six-sectored and nearly planar, the crystals formed below Tc = 120 °C exhibited multisectored dendritic habits and were all the more pronouncedly curved the lower the temperature at which they grew. The most pronouncedly curved crystals which were observed were hollow bowl shaped dendrites having a radius of curvature of ~ 2 μm which were formed in the 80 °C preparations. The possible origins of why the lamellar crystals of polyoxymethylene were all the more pronouncedly curved the lower the crystallization temperature are considered in the light of conjectures which have been previously advanced concerning the formation of curved crystals of poly(4-methylpentene-1). Among the features which are discussed is the role played by the bulkiness of the chain folds.
Dismantling the Welfare State?: Retrenchment in a residualized sector: income-support policy

No area of the welfare state has provoked such persistent controversy as have programs providing income support for the able-bodied poor. The controversy stems largely from these programs' interference with what is both a strong cultural expectation and a fundamental aspect of market-oriented economies: that whenever possible, potential workers should support themselves by earning a wage. Disputes over income-maintenance programs are usually regarded as highly partisan. Conservatives, given their preferences for minimizing government intervention and their sensitivity to employers' interests, have criticized income-maintenance initiatives. Liberals, with union support, have been less reluctant to weaken the dependence of the able-bodied on a steady job to avoid impoverishment. Given these partisan differences, and the vigorous rhetorical attacks of British and American conservatives on existing income-support policies, the Reagan and Thatcher administrations were expected to produce radical reforms. Early analyses often argued that they were succeeding. Indeed, the 1980s turned out to be a brutal decade for the poor. High unemployment and mounting international competition weakened the labor market for those with limited skills. In Britain, the number of households living on less than half the average income (a common international measure of poverty) more than doubled between 1979 and 1987, rising from 9 percent to 19 percent. In the United States, the poverty rate was 13 percent in 1980 and 13.5 percent in 1990, but was substantially higher for most of the decade, peaking at 15.2 percent in 1983. Although the position of the poor worsened both as a consequence of economic change and government policy, retrenchment in income-maintenance programs made only a limited contribution to this.
Discussion of Hoek－Brown strength criterion expressed with principal stress plane

 In order to help geotechnical engineers in correct application of Hoek－Brown strength criterion the paper introduces Hoek－Brown strength criterion expressed in terms of principal stress p and q and discusses on its theoretical significance and key problems is application．
On the aesthetic and artistic value of traditional graphic design between China and Japan

National culture differences between China and Japan,directly affect the two countries in the graphic design aesthetic idea of different traditional graphics. Traditional Chinese aesthetic consciousness is promoting flying,complicated,and grand design,the traditional Japanese aesthetic consciousness is regarded a silence,delicate,simple design. This paper analyzes the aesthetic consciousness of the differences between the two countries,analysis of the comparison between the two countries in graphic design the artistic value of traditional graphic elements.
Situation Analysis of College Ideological and Political Theory Courses Teaching

Practice teaching is an important part of the ideological and political theory teaching work, and it is an important part of deepening the classroom. Currently Ideological and Political Theory Teaching is not only widespread practice teaching the importance of lack of sufficient attention and financial support to carry on teaching high school students to participate in the actual motivation, lack of widespread lack of unified planning and management, in particular the assessment system is imperfect resulting in performance evaluation and assessment of teaching and inappropriate questions. Also face a new era and new challenges of contemporary college students' thinking and behavior characteristics.
A high-voltage level shifter with sub-nano-second propagation delay for switching power converters

A level-shifting circuit with sub-nano-second propagation delay for high input voltage switched-mode power converters is presented. The proposed circuit uses isolated low-voltage NMOS transistors and capacitive coupling to shift the control signal of the high-side power switch from a low-voltage logic domain (VLogic ∼ 5V) up to a high-voltage power domain (VIN ∼ 65V) with less than 115ps propagation delay. As a result, the non-overlap time inserted between the control signals of the high-side and low-side power switches can be minimized, leading to higher efficiency. Moreover, the control signal is shifted to the high-voltage power domain without reducing its voltage swing, which helps minimizing the on-resistance of the switch and further improves efficiency. The proposed circuit is fully integrated in a 0.18µm technology with no off-chip components. It occupies less than 0.75mm2 and provides built-in protection for the low-voltage devices with no additional protection circuitry. Transistor level simulations demonstrate the circuit's functionality and performance.
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Associated with Ureteral Hypoplasia

We present 3 cases in which a neonate had unilateral hydronephrosis associated with a ureter hypoplastic throughout its length. In all 3 infants the affected kidney failed to visualize on excretory urography and function of the kidney proved to be disappointing despite its relatively normal appearance on external examination. In each case significant renal dysplasia was present microscopically and ultimately the kidney had to be removed. A retrograde pyelogram should be considered whenever a hydronephrotic kidney in an infant fails to visualize, and if this shows a long hypoplastic ureter that cannot be bypassed easily associated renal dysplasia should be suspected and consideration given to nephrectomy rather than pyeloplasty as the primary treatment modality.
Dynamic Models of Financial Markets with Heterogeneous Agents

In this Chapter the qualitative theory of discrete time dynamical systems is applied to financial markets populated by heterogeneous and boundedly rational traders. It is shown as by using these assumptions some well known stylized facts of financial markets can be replicated even by using small scale models.
Analysis of the effect of adjuvant therapy on overall survival for resected gallbladder adenocarcinoma using the National Cancer Database.

360Background: The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival after resection for gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBC) is based on limited evidence. Since prospective trials are not generally practical for GBC, we sought to evaluate current best evidence to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in multiple clinical scenarios by analyzing data from the U.S. National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: Patients who underwent resection for GBC diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 were identified in the NCDB. The effect of adjuvant therapy on overall survival (OS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results: 10,402 patients met inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 14 months. Median survival was 16 months. One- and five-year OS were 57% and 23%, respectively. 3,509 patients (34%) received any modality of adjuvant therapy. Receipt of adjuvant therapy improved one-year OS (63% vs 55%, p < 0.01), but median OS was minimally changed (17 vs 15 months, NS). Adjuva...
Explaining Individuals’ Behavior towards Their Acquisition of Students’ Loan in the US

This study investigates the behavior of individuals in the US regarding the amount of student loans they might borrow with a two-part model. The model was estimated using the 2013 Survey of Consumer Finance (SCF) data, collected by the Governors of the Federal Reserve System, US, in collaboration with the Statistics and Income Division of the Internal Revenue Service, US. The sampling and imputation errors that are associated with the SCF data were accounted for in the model estimation process to ensure reliable inferences. Old age (41 years and older), previous experience with bankruptcy, attitude towards borrowing to finance education, being Hispanic, employment status, and wage salary were found to be significant variables that can influence the likelihood that a student will borrow a student loan and the amount he/she would borrow. This study also found out that using the SCF data without accounting for the inherent imputation and sampling errors, could lead to biased estimates and incorrect model inferences. The results of this study could help students’ loan managers and other relevant stakeholders such as the Federal Government understand the behavior of potential borrowers of student loans to effectively manage the program.
Psychological and Physical Health in Military Amputees During Rehabilitation: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Background: Service members who have experienced combat trauma with resulting amputation are at risk for compromised quality of life postamputation. Monitoring mental and physical health in amputees returning from the war is of paramount importance. This study examined changes in physical and mental health-related quality of life in service members following traumatic unilateral, transtibial amputation (TTA) during a 12-week period of rehabilitation before and after receiving a prosthesis. Method: This study is a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of military service members starting Military Amputee Rehabilitation Program (MARP) following a traumatic TTA. The study examined change in SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores as two aspects of health-related quality of life. Forty-four injured service members, aged 19 to 46, were recruited into the RCT. Participants were randomized into 12 weeks of MARP plus home neuromuscular electr...
The Influence of Spatial Configuration of Residential Area and Vector Populations on Dengue Incidence Patterns in an Individual-Level Transmission Model

Dengue is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Many individual-level simulation models have been developed to test hypotheses about dengue virus transmission. Often these efforts assume that human host and mosquito vector populations are randomly or uniformly distributed in the environment. Although, the movement of mosquitoes is affected by spatial configuration of buildings and mosquito populations are highly clustered in key buildings, little research has focused on the influence of the local built environment in dengue transmission models. We developed an agent-based model of dengue transmission in a village setting to test the importance of using realistic environments in individual-level models of dengue transmission. The results from one-way ANOVA analysis of simulations indicated that the differences between scenarios in terms of infection rates as well as serotype-specific dominance are statistically significant. Specifically, the infection rates in scenarios of a realistic environment are more variable than those of a synthetic spatial configuration. With respect to dengue serotype-specific cases, we found that a single dengue serotype is more often dominant in realistic environments than in synthetic environments. An agent-based approach allows a fine-scaled analysis of simulated dengue incidence patterns. The results provide a better understanding of the influence of spatial heterogeneity on dengue transmission at a local scale.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tendonitis Including Treatment of Acromioclavicular Joint Osteoarthritis and Os Acromiale

Rotator cuff (RTC) tendonitis is a common shoulder pathology originating from a variety of extrinsic factors, intrinsic pathology, or a combination of both. It can be challenging to diagnose the underlying issue; however it is imperative to identify in order to select the appropriate treatment and optimize outcomes. The mainstay of treatment is nonoperative management. Following an adequate trial of non-operative management, surgical intervention may be warranted and should address the concomitant pathology including osseous and soft tissue sources of extrinsic compression. Anatomical variations of the acromion should be identified and addressed when appropriate. Surgeons should also take into consideration the distal clavicle and acromioclavicular joint as possible sources of symptoms. A careful history and physical exam in conjunction with radiographs and advanced imaging can assist in the appropriate treatment of patients with rotator cuff tendonitis that have failed nonoperative management.
The Taxonomy of Communication

The communication taxonomies we live by are represented by curricula, tables of contents, and the line items of budgets. Many of these are political products. Communication means different things a...
University sustainability and system ontology

This intervention study outlines the continuing journey of a university towards its sustainability potentiality. We introduce the importance of sustainable development and link it to our intervention study of potentiality for sustainability from a Heideggerian phenomenological perspective. Through a case study of sustainability at New Mexico State University, we provide an insight into the development of a new dimension of university sustainability interface. This interface exists in terms of a dialogic of sustainability, as it relates to the balancing of competing needs, such as efficiency, heart, and brand identity. An important aspect of this interface is intervention, highlighting new possibilities for the top administrators regarding the university's goals and environmentalities. A qualitative and interpretive approach using ontological storytelling inquiry is employed. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews with university members from all hierarchical levels. This article raises interesting ontological issues for sustainability researchers, and has implications for strategy as practice.
On the Derivative of the Logarithmic Function

(1963). On the Derivative of the Logarithmic Function. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 30-30.
Skip the salt: your brain might thank you.

Excessive dietary salt can impair cerebral blood flow regulation, resulting in cognitive dysfunction in mice. A ‘gut–brain’ pathway is implicated that links expansion of TH17 lymphocytes in small intestine to elevated bloodstream interleukin-17, which impairs brain perfusion by decreasing nitric oxide production in brain vascular endothelium.
Cancer during pregnancy: what is the role of maternal serum and placental biomarkers? A review and commentary.

ABSTRACT Cancer during pregnancy, referred to as gestational cancer (GC), is infrequent but canoccur in 1.0% of pregnant women. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often lethaland is the fifth most common cancer worldwide, while breast adenocarcinoma(breast cancer) is the most common cancer seen during pregnancy. Liver and breastcarcinomas are two examples of cancer types that present challenges to the obstetri -cian due to late and/or delayed diagnosis during pregnancy. Delays in diagnosis lim -it choices available to physicians regarding surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Inview of such clinical situations, a role for maternal serum and placental biomarker(MSPB) screening results contributing to cancer diagnosis should be recognized;overlooking such data in GC could result from a lack of knowledge and understand -ing ofMSPB bl y , ch em st ra dp.I -n a t olg i sek d ruv fb mMSPB screening programs obtained from first- and second-trimester patient data.Using liver and breast cancer as examples, the present review and commentary seeksto demonstrate that MSPB levels, profiles, patterns, and cellular responses could pro -vide foundational data in planning invasive or noninvasive methods and procedures(biopsy, imaging, scans, surgery) to attain a diagnosis as soon as possible in pregnan -cy. Finally, MSPB epidemiological and cancer risk studies could aid in providing base -line information for decisions regarding GC diagnosis from knowledge of their pro -posed roles in reducing lifetime risk of malignancies such as breast cancer.IntroductionCancer during pregnancy, referred to as gestational cancer (GC), is not common butcan occur in about 1% of the pregnant population. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is of comparatively low incidence in the USA; however, liver cancer ranks in the top 3regarding cancer deaths worldwide
Role of thiols in the structure and function of inositol trisphosphate receptors.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the redox regulation of 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) isoforms and describes the reactivity of key cysteine residues. This chapter focuses on the regulation of the channel by redox agents that target the endogenous thiol residues on the protein. A large number of thiol oxidizing agents cause an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in intact cells. There is evidence that oxidized glutathione sensitizes the IP3R to respond to lower concentrations of IP3. By far the strongest evidence of a direct modulation of thiol groups on the receptor comes from experiments with the drug thimerosal. This organomercurial compound has been repeatedly shown to elicit the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores of many different cell types. Several studies have shown that thimerosal promotes an enhancement of [3H]-IP3 binding and shifts the IP3 concentration dependence of Ca2+ release to lower concentrations. Thus, thimerosal and other potentiating thiol reagents are viewed as sensitizing the IP3R to the ambient levels of endogenous IP3.
Nominate: A Short Intellectual History

When John Londregan asked me to write something for TPM about NOMINATE and "why we (Howard Rosenthal and I) went high tech" rather than using simpler descriptions of roll call data, I was puzzled for some time on how to explain why we did what we did. The problem is that my whole career has been devoted to testing a "high-tech" spatial theory so of necessity the methods I have employed over the years have been complicated. However, in the spirit of John's request, I will give a short intellectual history of how and why Howard and I developed NOMINATE in the form we did.
Toward Construct Validity in the Childhood Disruptive Behavior Disorders

The number and coverage of child psychopathological disorders have expanded greatly since their rather cursory representation as adjustment reactions in the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association, 1952). The division of childhood disorders into the multitude of diagnoses that appear in the DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and the forthcoming DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) justifiably raises questions regarding the validity of these diagnostic distinctions. In the case of the disruptive (i.e., externalizing) disorders—which include the Attention Deficit Disorders (most notably, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Conduct Disorder (CD)—research generally has supported the differentiation of these disorders from internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depressive disorders (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1978) and, to a lesser extent, the finer distinction among dimensions of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity on the one hand and aggression, oppositional behaviors, and more serious conduct problems on the other (Hinshaw, 1987; Loney & Milich, 1982). It should be noted, however, that both sets of distinctions have been challenged, and that despite a flurry of research activity concerning these disorders, many questions remain regarding their validity.
Motivation for movement: Influences for walking event participation:

Background:There is widespread evidence of the health and wellness benefits associated with moderate physical activity, and lack of engagement with these behaviours remains a significant contributo...
Anthropogenic Aerosol Indirect Effects in Cirrus Clouds.

We have implemented a parameterization for forming ice in large-scale cirrus clouds that accounts for the changes in updrafts associated with a spectrum of waves acting within each time step in the model. This allows us to account for the frequency of homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing events that occur within each time step of the model and helps to determine more realistic ice number concentrations as well as changes to ice number concentrations. The model is able to fit observations of ice number at the lowest temperatures in the tropical tropopause but is still somewhat high in tropical latitudes with temperatures between 195°K and 215°K. The climate forcings associated with different representations of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN or INPs) are primarily negative unless large additions of IN are made, such as when we assumed that all aircraft soot acts as an IN. However, they can be close to zero if it is assumed that all background dust can act as an INP irrespective of how much sulfate is deposited on these particles. Our best estimate for the forcing of anthropogenic aircraft soot in this model is -0.2 ± 0.06 W/m2, while that from anthropogenic fossil/biofuel soot is -0.093 ± 0.033 W/m2. Natural and anthropogenic open biomass burning leads to a net forcing of -0.057 ± 0.05 W/m2.
Preoperative Risk Stratification in Spine Tumor Surgery: A Comparison of the Modified Charlson Index, Frailty Index, and ASA Score.

Study Design.A retrospective review of prospectively collected data.Objective.The purpose of this study is to compare and validate several preoperative scores for predicting outcomes following spine tumor resection.Summary of Background Data.Preoperative risk assessment for patients undergoing spina
Partially coherent sources generated from the incoherent sum of fields containing random-width Bessel functions.

Using the criterion for a genuine cross-spectral density function, we demonstrate the realization of an Im-Bessel correlated source, which has only recently been achieved using the source’s coherent-mode representation. In addition, with just a simple change, we create a whole new class of partially coherent sources that have not been realized. We simulate the generation of these sources and compare the results to theoretical predictions to validate our analysis. The partially coherent sources described herein can easily be synthesized using spatial light modulators, and the approach presented in this Letter can be used to design sources for optical trapping, optical tweezers, and other related applications.
Influence and Ideology in the American Judiciary: Evidence from Supreme Court Law Clerks

Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court typically hire law clerks to help them perform their duties. We study whether these clerks influence how Supreme Court justices vote on the cases argued before them. To do so, we exploit the timing of the clerkship hiring process to link variation in clerk ideology to variation in judicial voting. We measure clerk ideology by matching clerks to the universe of publicly disclosed political donations. Our results suggest a positive and statistically significant effect of clerk ideology on judicial voting: justices cast approximately 4% more conservative votes in terms employing their most conservative clerks, as compared to terms in which they employ their most liberal clerks. We find larger effects in cases that are higher profile, cases that are legally significant, and cases in which the justices are more evenly divided. We interpret our results as providing suggestive evidence that clerk influence operates through persuasion rather than delegation of decision-making responsibility.
Monogenic Causes of Heart Failure

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without an established causative factor for the damage to the myocardium is termed “idiopathic DCM,” and it is the cause of approximately one-fourth of the cases of congestive heart failure in the United States. Familial occurrence accounts for 20% or more of idiopathic DCM, and recently a considerable number of genes associated with DCM have been identified. This review will focus on 18 genes currently known as DCM response genes because of their pathological involvement in this disease. The incidence of DCM caused by each gene is relatively small; however, the study of these genes has led us to understand the specific disease pathways of DCM, which may ultimately lead to understanding the more common condition of heart failure.
Reading and Writing: Integrating Software into the Curriculum:

This study investigated how rural special education teachers and students use computer technology when working on reading, spelling, and writing activities. The results indicate that computers are ...
The piano mécanique in 1930s French cinema

Several French poetic realist films in the 1930s featured player pianos or other kinds of pianos mecaniques. Their visual and narrative presence often carried with it the potential for aural disrup...
Nebenwirkung einer nicht evidenzbasierten MS-Therapie

Ein 39-jahriger Patient mit Multipler Sklerose wurde ins Spital uberwiesen mit einer symptomatischen Hyperkalzamie und Niereninsuffizienz nach mehrmonatiger Einnahme von Vitamin D in einer Dosis von 100 000 IU/d.
Abstract ES7-2: The toll on health care providers

The Toll on Health Care Providers Challenging conversation between health care provider and patients and their families can contribute to provider’s burnout. A challenging interaction for a medical professional already overstretched by the healthcare system may increase levels of stress, anxiety and anger, which in turn will affect performance and communication. Burnout is a well-known work-related stress syndrome characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficiency. It is established that at least 50% of US physicians experience professional burnout with consequent negative impact on quality care, patient satisfaction, and overall institutional success. Cancer care professionals have experienced a drastically increase in the incidence of burnout over the past decade due to the emotionally demanding nature of their work and the ever-growing burden of administrative work. A recent Medscape report describes a burnout rate of 55% among female oncologist and 45% among male oncologist. Both individual physician level factors and organizational level factors contribute to oncologist burnout. We will discuss common driver factors and strategies to prevent and mitigate this public health problem. Many gaps in our knowledge on physician burnout remain, but effective individual and organizational interventions are crucial for the prevention and improvement of clinician well-being and need to be incorporated into oncology care. Citation Format: SH Giordano. The toll on health care providers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES7-2.
Conclusions and Future Outlook

It is indeed encouraging to see the rapid accumulation of new data on the pathophysiological role of C-peptide and the clinical benefits of its replacement in type 1 diabetic patients. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge an increasing number of investigators and clinicians joining the field.
Endovascular Selective Intra-Arterial Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Loaded With Delta-24 in a Canine Model

Background Delta-24-RGD, an oncolytic adenovirus, shows promise against glioblastoma. To enhance virus delivery, we recently demonstrated that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells loaded with Delta-24-RGD (hMSC-D24) can eradicate glioblastomas in mouse models. There are no studies examining the safety of endovascular selective intra-arterial (ESIA) infusions of MSC-D24 in large animals simulating human clinical situations. Objective To perform canine preclinical studies testing the feasibility and safety of delivering increasing doses of hMSCs-D24 via ESIA infusions. Methods ESIA infusions of hMSC-D24 were performed in the cerebral circulation of 10 normal canines in the target vessels (internal carotid artery [ICA]/P1) via transfemoral approach using commercially available microcatheters. Increasing concentrations of hMSC-D24 or particles (as a positive control) were injected into 1 hemisphere; saline (negative control) was infused contralaterally. Toxicity (particularly embolic stroke) was assessed on postinfusion angiography, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, clinical exam, and necropsy. Results ESIA injections were performed in the ICA (n = 7) or P1 (n = 3). In 2 animals injected with particles (positive control), strokes were detected by all assays. Of 6 canines injected with hMSC-D24 through the anterior circulation, escalating dose from 2 × 106 cells/20 mL to 1 × 108 cells/10 mL resulted in no strokes. Two animals had ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes after posterior cerebral artery catheterization. A survival experiment of 2 subjects resulted in no complications detected for 24-h before euthanization. Conclusion This novel study simulating ESIA infusion demonstrates that MSCs-D24 can be infused safely at least up to doses of 1 × 108 cells/10 mL (107 cells/ml) in the canine anterior circulation using commercially available microcatheters. These findings support a clinical trial of ESIA infusion of hMSCs-D24.
The Period Game: Helping Girls Learn about Menstruation?: Gilsanz, D., & Murphy, R. (2019). The period game. [Board Game]. Albany, NY: Period Game LLC. Price: $39.00.

In recent years, menstrual periods have indeed “gone public” (Weiss-Wolf, 2017). Yet, despite increased public dialogue about menstruation, menstrual stigma persists worldwide and hinders advanceme...
Clear Sky Irradiance Year-to-Year Variations and Trends

Solar radiation data for seven SURFRAD stations for the period 1996–2018 show an increase in irradiance under clear skies over the period, but the increase was not constant and shorter periods may have even experienced decreases in irradiance. A popular implementation of a clear sky model provided modeled irradiances for comparison with the SURFRAD data under conditions screened for clear skies. The use of the clear sky model, which did not consider year-to-year variances in atmospheric turbidity, was found problematic for resolving small changes in irradiance important for determining PV system degradation over three or five years, but less problematic for a period of ten years.
Outdoor green space exposure and brain health measures related to Alzheimer's disease: a rapid review.

OBJECTIVES Summarise studies of outdoor green space exposure and brain health measures related to Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD), and determine scientific gaps for future research. DESIGN Rapid review of primary research studies. METHODS AND OUTCOMES PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for articles meeting the criteria published on/before 13 February 2020. The review excluded papers not in English, focused on transient states (eg, mental fatigue) or not using individual-level measures of brain health (eg, average school test scores). Brain health measures of interest included cognitive function, clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment/dementia/ADRD and brain biomarkers such as those from MRI, measures typically associated with ADRD risk and disease progression. RESULTS Twenty-two papers were published from 2012 to 2020, 36% on <18 years old, 32% on 18-64 years old and 59% on ≥65 years old. Sixty-four per cent defined green space based on the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ('greenness'/healthy vegetation) and 68% focused on cognitive measures of brain health (eg, memory). Seventeen studies (77%) found green space-brain health associations (14 positive, 4 inverse). Greater greenness/green space was positively associated various cognitive domains in 10 studies and with MRI outcomes (regional brain volumes, cortical thickness, amygdala integrity) in three studies. Greater neighbourhood greenness was associated with lower odds/risk of cognitive impairment/ADRD in some studies but increased odds/risk in others (n=4 studies). CONCLUSIONS Published studies suggest positive green space-brain health associations across the life course, but the methods and cohorts were limited and heterogeneous. Future research using racially/ethnically and geographically diverse cohorts, life course methods and more specific green space and brain health measures (eg, time spent in green spaces, ADRD biomarkers) will strengthen evidence for causal associations.
Diet-Induced Obesity Impairs Outcomes and Induces Multi-Factorial Deficiencies in Effector T Cell Responses Following Anti-CTLA-4 Combinatorial Immunotherapy in Renal Tumor-Bearing Mice

Associations between modifiable factors and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies remain uncertain. We found previously that diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the efficacy of an immunotherapy consisting of adenovirus-encoded TRAIL plus CpG oligonucleotide (AdT/CpG) in mice with renal tumors. To eliminate confounding effects of diet and determine whether outcomes could be improved in DIO mice, we evaluated AdT/CpG combined with anti-CTLA-4 in diet-matched, obese-resistant (OB-RES) versus DIO tumor-bearing mice. Therapy-treated OB-RES mice displayed effective renal tumor control and sustained CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. In contrast, therapy-treated DIO mice exhibited progressive tumor outgrowth and blunted T cell responses, characterized by reduced intratumoral frequencies of IFNγ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Weak effector T cell responses in therapy-treated DIO mice were accompanied by low intratumoral concentrations of the T cell chemoattractant CCL5, heightened concentrations of pro-tumorigenic GM-CSF, and impaired proliferative capacity of CD44+CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Our findings demonstrate that in lean mice with renal tumors, combining in situ T cell priming upstream of anti-CTLA-4 enhances outcomes versus anti-CTLA-4 alone. However, host obesity is associated with heightened immunotherapy resistance, characterized by multi-factorial deficiencies in effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that extend beyond the tumor microenvironment.
A Case Report of Cardiogenic Syncope Due to Loperamide Abuse: Acute Presentation and Novel Use of Buprenorphine.

Author(s): Betting, David J.; Chenoweth, James A.; Jarman, Angela F. | Abstract: Introduction: Loperamide is a non-prescription anti-diarrheal agent targeting µ-opioid receptors in the intestinal tract. At high doses it crosses the blood-brain barrier, where µ-opioid agonism can cause euphoric effects. Misuse has been increasing for both the euphoric effects and as an alternative treatment for opioid dependence and withdrawal.Case Report: Here we report the case of a 30-year-old woman presenting with syncope, who was found to have severe myocardial conduction delays in the setting of chronic loperamide abuse.Conclusion: Treatment with sodium bicarbonate and hypertonic sodium resulted in improvement of her conduction abnormalities. Prior to discharge she was initiated on buprenorphine for her opioid use disorder.
Reviving Cleveland’s Commercial Corridors: Analyzing the Storefront Renovation Program, 1983–2016

In shrinking cities, commercial district decline has mirrored other patterns of depopulation and deindustrialization. Uneven development has emerged as the prevailing spatial pattern for shrinking ...
Arroz, protagonismo africano e a transformação ecológica das Américas

Resumen A publicacao em 2001 do livro “Black rice: The African origins of rice cultivation in the Americas” desencadeou um animado debate entre academicos dos EUA. A sua tese e de que os escravos africanos contribuiram para a historia agraria do Novo Mundo muito mais do que com o mero trabalho. Segundo “Black rice”, foram os cultivadores de arroz oriundos da Africa ocidental que iniciaram a cultura do arroz nas Americas, onde aplicaram a sua experiencia com a especie africana de arroz na producao de um de seus alimentos basicos preferidos. Este texto resume o debate academico que resultou da publicacao de “Black rice” e avalia as suas influencias teoricas e metodologicas evidenciadas em estudos subsequentes do conhecimento e protagonismo africanos na transferencia e na transformacao de plantas, paisagens, agricultura e gastronomia nas Americas. O artigo culmina com uma atualizacao da tese do “Black rice” a partir dos resultados de pesquisas acumulados nas ultimas duas decadas.
Energizing the Sun

The Sun is relentlessly losing its energy, radiating it away at an enormous rate. In just one second, the Sun emits more energy than humans have used since the beginning of civilization. Its fire is too brilliant to be perpetually sustained; after all, nothing can stay hot forever, and all things wear out with time.
Dependence of an adenosine-activated potassium current on a GTP-binding protein in mammalian central neurons

Neurons in hippocampal and striatal cell cultures respond to adenosine with an inhibitory potassium current. This response disappears during whole-cell patch-clamp recording in which the cell is filled with minimal saline. We have found that this loss of sensitivity to adenosine can be prevented by including 100 microM GTP in the patch electrode filling solution. GDP is less effective than GTP in supporting the adenosine response, while GMP has little, if any, effect. Treatments known to inhibit GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) block the adenosine-activated potassium current: The adenosine response is inhibited by including poorly metabolized analogs of guanine nucleotides along with GTP in the recording electrode. Diphosphate and triphosphate analogs appear to achieve this effect through different mechanisms. The adenosine response is also blocked by incubating cultures in islet-activating protein (pertussis toxin), an inhibitor of a class of G-protein. Thus, our data implicate a G-protein in the activation of a potassium current by adenosine. Intracellular ATP can increase the effectiveness of GMP, GDP, or low concentrations of GTP, suggesting that even during internal dialysis, neurons can maintain GTP levels through phosphotransferase reactions. Intracellular ATP also appears to suppress an outward current that is different from the adenosine-activated current. Raising intracellular cAMP levels either with bath-applied forskolin or by including a cAMP analog in the recording electrode did not alter the adenosine response. These results indicate that a G-protein is involved in the coupling between the adenosine receptor and a potassium channel, and that this coupling is not mediated by cAMP.
Doppler lidar probing of maritime boundary layer wind fields

Theoretical studies as well as preliminary experimental results indicate that radar remote sensing of the sea surface can provide information on wind speed, momentum flux, and stability in the marine surface layer. Application of Doppler lidar to obtain simultaneous or near-simultaneous remote measurements of wind and turbulence parameters within the radar scattering volume provides an excellent means of investigating relationships between radar scattering properties and atmospheric boundary layer conditions. Although wind and turbulence properties of the surface layer can also be measured using ship-based, in situ instrumentation, the remote lidar observations are advantageous because they do not perturb the radar scattering volume.
Positive association between a glutathione‐S‐transferase polymorphism and lymphoma in dogs

Glutathione-S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of environmental carcinogens. Defective GST genotypes are over-represented in human cancers; in particular, low activity GSTT1 genotypes are risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We hypothesized that defective GSTT1 genotypes would be associated with lymphoma risk in dogs. To address this, we resequenced the exons, splice junctions, and 3′-UTR of canine GSTT1 in dogs with lymphoma (n = 93) and age-matched unaffected dogs (n = 86). Of 27 canine GSTT1 variants identified, the I2+28 G>A was significantly associated with lymphoma [odds ratio (OR) 6.26, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.77–22.2], with the AA genotype found in 18.3% of affected dogs but only 3.5% of controls (P = 0.002). This intronic variant was predicted to perturb GSTT1 mRNA splicing, and may increase lymphoma risk by impairing detoxification of environmental chemicals. Confirmation of this finding in a larger population of dogs may support the inclusion of GSTT1 genotyping in epidemiologic studies of canine lymphoma risk.