cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drosophila quail, a villin-related protein, bundles actin filaments in apoptotic nurse cells

Drosophila Quail protein is required for the completion of fast cytoplasm transport from nurse cells to the oocyte, an event critical for the production of viable oocytes. The abundant network of cytoplasmic filamentous actin, established at the onset of fast transport, is absent in quail mutant egg chambers. Previously, we showed that Quail is a germline-specific protein with sequence homology to villin, a vertebrate actin-regulating protein. In this study, we combined biochemical experiments with observations in egg chambers to define more precisely the function of this protein in the regulation of actin-bundle assembly in nurse cells. We report that recombinant Quail can bind and bundle filamentous actin in vitro in a manner similar to villin at a physiological calcium concentration. In contrast to villin, Quail is unable to sever or cap filamentous actin, or to promote nucleation of new actin filaments at a high calcium concentration. Instead, Quail bundles the filaments regardless of the calcium concentration. In vivo, the assembly of nurse-cell actin bundles is accompanied by extensive perforation of the nurse-cell nuclear envelopes, and both of these phenomena are manifestations of nurse-cell apoptosis. To investigate whether free calcium levels are affected during apoptosis, we loaded egg chambers with the calcium indicator Indo-1. Our observations indicate a rise in free calcium in the nurse-cell cytoplasm coincident with the permeabilization of the nuclear envelopes. We also show that human villin expressed in the Drosophila germline could sense elevated cytoplasmic calcium; in nurse cells with reduced levels of Quail protein, villin interfered with actin-bundle stability. We conclude that Quail efficiently assembles actin filaments into bundles in nurse cells and maintains their stability under fluctuating free calcium levels. We also propose a developmental model for the fast phase of cytoplasm transport incorporating findings presented in this study.
The Application of HHT and RBF Neural Networks for Processing Fault-vibration Signals from Centrifugal Pumps

According to the specific features of fault-vibration signals of a centrifugal pump,presented is a new method for fault diagnosis of vibration signals of a centrifugal pump by employing a combination of Hilbert-Huang transformation(HHT) and a radial basis function(RBF) neural network.First,the time series data from the vibration signals of a centrifugal pump is subject to an empirical mode decomposition(EMD) followed by a Hilbert-Huang Transformation to obtain the energy of various intrinsic mode functions(IMF).Moreover,with "energy ratio" serving as an element,the eigenvector obtained from vibration signals of the centrifugal pump by utilizing the energy ratio can depict very well fault information for different vibrations.By using a RBF neural network,the mapping extending between the eigenvector and fault modes can be established to realize a fault diagnosis,thus achieving a high diagnostic rate for such conditions as normal state,mass imbalance,rotor misalignment and foundation loosening fault of a centrifugal pump.The experimental research results show that the method under discussion can effectively diagnose the vibration signals of a centrifugal pump.
Utilizing the Electronic Health Record as a Tool for Reducing LGBT Health Disparities: An Institutional Approach

Efforts to eliminate health disparities among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) populations face historic challenges. Historic extensive mistreatment in medicine helped create a culture in which many deny or hide their sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI) when seeking care. In turn, many care providers are not aware which of their patients are LGBTQI. Until recently, there was virtually no education on LGBTQI health provided in medical schools. Without that education, many providers never consider SO/GI in the care of their patients. To improve quality of care for LGBTQI patients, providers must be able to discuss SO/GI with their patients and understand that person’s health risks. The electronic health record (EHR) is a tool which can be used to identify LGBTQI patients and to prompt providers about potentially valuable prevention and treatment efforts. At the University of California, Davis we have begun to gather patient SO/GI data in the EHR, incorporating information communicated from patient to provider directly or through a questionnaire on the patient portal into the EHR. A 4 year competency based curriculum around sexual orientation and gender identity has been developed along with grand rounds and workshops teaching how to discuss SO/GI. Improving atmosphere and educating providers and staff about LGBTQI health disparities has become core to our commitment to improve the experience of LGBT learners, faculty and staff and the quality of care for LGBT patients.
Reversible methanol addition to copper Schiff base complexes: a kinetic, structural and spectroscopic study of reactions at azomethine CN bonds

The reversible methanolysis of an azomethine C[double bond, length as m-dash]N in a series of copper(ii) Schiff base complexes has been investigated through combined spectroscopic, structural, and kinetic studies. Pentadentate copper(ii) complexes [L1-Cu(X)]Y (L1 = 1,2-bis[(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)methyleneamino]ethane; X = Y = ClO4- (1); X = Y = TfO- (2); X = Y = BF4- (3); X = H2O, Y = (ClO4-)2 (4) spontaneously add methanol in a ligand centered reaction to yield stable, isolable hemiaminal ether product complexes 5-8. In methanol free solution, 5-8 spontaneously release alcohol to regenerate 1-4. The methanol addition reaction is first-order in methanol and first-order in complex with second-order rate constants varying from 1.1 × 10-4 to 187 × 10-4 M-1 s-1 dependent on the donor ability of the axial ligand. Rate constants for methanol elimination vary from 0.67 to 3.7 × 10-4 s-1 with dependence on the counterion and water content of the solvent. Equilibrium constants for methanolysis range from 1.5 to 51 M-1. Structural comparisons of the Schiff base complexes 1-4 and the hemiaminal ether complexes 5-8 suggest methanol addition is favored by the release of ligand strain associated with three planar five-membered chelates in 1-4.
Developing A Framework

On Friday afternoon, 12 June 1903, William Hewins met Joseph Chamberlain for the first time in the latter’s private room in the British House of Commons to discuss the burning fiscal issue of the time: tariff reform. Chamberlain — committed imperialist, anti-Little Englander, and self-anointed leader of the reform movement — was Colonial Secretary in the Conservative cabinet of Balfour. Hewins was the founding director of LSE, a conservative imperialist and critic of free trade, and a member of the international community of historical economists. The tariff reform controversy of 1903–6 was the most contentious British political dispute in the decade before the Great War. It split the Establishment, inflamed the public, created a disastrous rift in the Conservative Party, and ended in a Liberal landslide victory in the general election of 1906, beginning the long Liberal ascendancy that set the foundations of the British welfare state. Although this may seem improbable in the extreme, the genesis of Pigou’s research programme for economics, first set out in Wealth and Welfare, is linked to the controversy and Chamberlain’s collaboration with Hewins.1
Manifolds and Vector Bundles

We are now ready to study manifolds and the differential calculus of maps between manifolds. Manifolds are an abstraction of the idea of a smooth surface in Euclidean space. This abstraction has proved useful because many sets that are smooth in some sense are not presented to us as subsets of Euclidean space. The abstraction strips away the containing space and makes constructions intrinsic to the manifold itself. This point of view is well worth the geometric insight it provides.
Logarithmic corrections to gravitational entropy and the null energy condition

Abstract Using a relation between the thermodynamics of local horizons and the null energy condition, we consider the effects of quantum corrections to the gravitational entropy. In particular, we find that the geometric form of the null energy condition is not affected by the inclusion of logarithmic corrections to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.
THE ALKANESULFENYL CHLORIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Abstract The alkanesulfenyl chlorides may readily be prepared by the action of chlorine or other chlorinating agents on mercaptans, disulfides and certain other organic compounds containing divalent sulfur. The haloalkanesulfenyl chlorides and such related compounds as the acylsulfur chlorides may be prepared by a variety of different methods. These sulfenyl chlorides all show reactions characteristic of the sulfenyl chloride group and those which contain substituted alkyl groups show other reactions resulting from their bifunctional nature. The sequence of reactions by which alkanesulfenyl chlorides can be converted into alkylsulfur trichlorides, alpha-chloroalkanesulfenyl chlorides, sulfinyl chlorides, sulfinic acids, thiolsulfonate esters and sulfonyl chlorides is now clearly established. Recent work in this field has provided new and convenient syntheses for several of these compounds.
The hemodynamic effects of pregnancy on the lower extremity venous system.

Abstract Objective Pregnancy has significant effects on the lower extremity venous system. Increasing venous pressure and blood volume, in combination with reduced flow rates within the deep veins, predisposes pregnant women to both primary and secondary chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). This review article highlights the specific physiologic and hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy and examines the nonpharmacologic, pharmacologic, and invasive interventions that are appropriate for both prophylaxis and treatment of CVI and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods This study is a review article of the key literature related to VTE and CVI in pregnancy. Results Significant hemodynamic changes occur in the lower extremities during pregnancy. Although well documented and essential to fetal development, these changes can have a negative impact on the maternal lower extremity venous circulation. Consequences of pregnancy can result in venous disease only during pregnancy or, particularly in the multiparous patient, can progress to CVI. An abundance of literature and guidelines exist for the management of VTE during pregnancy; however, the quality and extent of literature based around the management of primary CVI during pregnancy are modest at best. Conclusions The physiologic changes throughout the arterial and venous systems during pregnancy are well documented. However, there is a paucity of data available to construct guidelines for care, particularly in the pregnant patient with symptomatic superficial venous insufficiency. Further investigation in the form of prospective randomized trials is required to establish appropriate guidelines for treatment.
Sacral bone cyst treatment resulting in paraplegia.

A 50-year-old man with a stage 1 solitary right sacral plasmacytoma complained of a sharp, burning lower back pain with radiation into his right lower extremity which worsened with movement. He had initially undergone localised radiation therapy, but the pain did not resolve. Postradiation CT-guided biopsy showed persistence of malignant plasma cells, and he then underwent seven cycles of VRD (dexamethasone, lenalidomide and bortezomib) chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, an 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT scan showed a new area of uptake in the right sacral ala near the initial plasmacytoma. A subsequent CT-guided biopsy was non-diagnostic, and repeat imaging at the time of presentation showed no interval growth. The lesion was believed to be a residual cyst with inflammatory changes from radiotherapy. Examination revealed no neurological deficits. The patient’s pain was thought to be secondary to the cyst (figure 1) and was not relieved with physical therapy, duloxetine or …
Effects of Quantity and Size of Buttons of In-Vehicle Touch Screen on Drivers’ Eye Glance Behavior

This article investigates the effects of the quantity and size of touch screen buttons and the task-interleaving strategies on drives’ eye glance behavior. An experiment was conducted on a fixed-ba...
A systematic review of the state of literature relating parental general cognitive ability and number of offspring

Abstract The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between general cognitive ability and fertility among modern humans. Our goals were to (a) evaluate the state of the extant literature, and (b) provide a quantitative summary of effect sizes to the extent possible (given the limitations of the literature). A thorough search identified 17 unique datasets that passed the inclusion criteria. Using a Random Effects Model to evaluate the data, the overall weighted effect was r = −0.11, although the data also indicated a sex effect (stronger correlations among females than males), and a race effect (stronger correlations among Black and Hispanic populations compared to Whites). Importantly, the data suggest the correlation has been increasing in strength throughout the 20th century (and early 21st). Finally, we discovered several notable limitations of the extant literature; limitations that currently prohibit a psychometric meta-analysis. We discuss these issues with emphasis on improving future primary studies to allow for more effective meta-analytic investigations.
The effects of beta blockade and clonidine on persistent injury-associated anemia.

Abstract Background Nonselective beta blockade (BB) and clonidine may abrogate catecholamine-mediated persistent injury-associated anemia. We hypothesized that critically ill trauma patients who received BB or clonidine would have favorable hemoglobin (Hb) trends when adjusting for operative blood loss (OBL), phlebotomy blood loss (PBL), and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volumes, and that the effect would be greatest among the elderly, who have higher catecholamine levels. Methods We performed a 4-y retrospective cohort analysis of 280 consecutive trauma patients with ICU stay ≥48 h and moderate/severe anemia. Patients who received BB or clonidine for ≥25% of their hospital stay were grouped as the BB/clonidine cohort ( n = 84); all other patients served as controls ( n = 196). Admission and discharge Hb were used to calculate ΔHb. OBL, PBL, and RBC volume were used to calculate adjusted ΔHb assuming 300 mL RBC = 1 g/dL Hb. Results BB/clonidine and control patients had similar age, injury severity, comorbid illness, and admission Hb. BB/clonidine patients received fewer RBCs despite greater OBL, though neither association was statistically significant. BB/clonidine patients had higher discharge Hb (9.9 versus 9.5, P = 0.029) and adjusted ΔHb (+1.0 versus −0.8, P = 0.003). Hb curves separated after hospital day 10. The difference in adjusted ΔHb between groups increased with advanced age (all patients: 1.7, ≥50 y: 1.8, ≥60 y: 2.4, ≥70 y: 3.7). Conclusions Critically ill trauma patients receiving BB or clonidine had favorable Hb trends when accounting for OBL, PBL, and RBC transfusions. These findings support the hypothesis that BB and clonidine alleviate persistent injury-associated anemia, with strongest effects among the elderly.
C-kit as a target in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Abstract Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a difficult disease to treat. Novel treatment strategies, including molecular targeted therapy, are currently being explored. The c-kit receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for AML. The receptor is expressed on more than 10% of blasts in 64% of de novo AMLs and 95% of relapsed AMLs. C-kit mediates proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects in AML. This review will discuss the biology of c-kit in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and the recent clinical trials targeting c-kit in AML.
Morse-Smale Functions

In this chapter we introduce the Morse-Smale transversality condition for gradient vector fields, and we prove the Kupka-Smale Theorem (Theorem 6.6) which says that the space of smooth Morse-Smale gradient vector fields is a dense subspace of the space of all smooth gradient vector fields on a finite dimensional compact smooth Riemannian manifold (M,g) [92] [135]. We also prove Palis’ λ-Lemma (Theorem 6.17) following [114] and [143], and we derive several important consequences of the λ-Lemma. These consequences include transitivity for Morse-Smale gradient flows (Corollary 6.21), a description of the closure of the stable and unstable manifolds of a Morse-Smale gradient flow (Corollary 6.27), and the fact that for any Morse-Smale gradient flow there are only finitely many gradient flow lines between critical points of relative index one (Corollary 6.29). In the last section of this chapter we present a couple of results due to Franks [59] that relate the stable and unstable manifolds of a Morse-Smale function f: M → ℝ to the cells and attaching maps in the CW-complex X determined by f (see Theorem 3.28).
Non-ionic Antisense Oligonucleotides

Organic chemists have long exercised their synthetic ingenuity to create novel nucleic acid analogues. In addition to the challenge offered by such syntheses, these efforts have focused on creating molecules whose properties would make them of use in a variety of biological applications, including use as antisense molecules.
Strategies for chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are structurally complex but functionally important biomolecules. Therefore, they have been challenging but attractive synthetic targets. While substantial progress has been made on advancing chemical glycosylation methods, incorporating enzymes into carbohydrate synthetic schemes has become increasingly practical as more carbohydrate biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes as well as their mutants with synthetic application are identified and expressed for preparative and large-scale synthesis. Chemoenzymatic strategies that integrate the flexibility of chemical derivatization with enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been extremely powerful. Briefly summarized here are our experiences on developing one-pot multienzyme (OPME) systems and representative chemoenzymatic strategies from others using glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions for synthesizing diverse structures of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates. These strategies allow the synthesis of complex carbohydrates including those containing naturally occurring carbohydrate postglycosylational modifications (PGMs) and non-natural functional groups. By combining these srategies with facile purification schemes, synthetic access to the diverse space of carbohydrate structures can be automated and will not be limited to specialists.
Emergence of antibiotic resistance in immunocompromised host populations: A case study of emerging antibiotic resistant tuberculosis in AIDS patients.

Objective The evolution of antibiotic resistance is far outpacing the development of new antibiotics, causing global public health concern about infections that will increasingly be unresponsive to antimicrobials. This risk of emerging antibiotic resistance may be meaningfully altered in highly AIDS-immunocompromised populations. Such populations fundamentally alter the bacterial evolutionary landscape in two ways, which we seek to model and analyze. First, widespread, population-level immunoincompetence creates a novel host environment with disrupted selective pressures. Second, within AIDS-prevalent populations, the recommendation that antibiotics be taken to treat and prevent opportunistic infection raises the risk of selection for drug-resistant pathogens. Design To determine the impact of HIV/AIDS on the emergence of antibiotic resistance-specifically in the developing world where high prevalence and economic challenges complicate disease management. Methods We present an SEIR epidemiological model of bacterial infection, and parametrize it to capture HIV/AIDS-attributable emergence of resistance under conditions of both high and low HIV/AIDS prevalence. Results We demonstrate that HIV/AIDS-immunocompromised hosts can be responsible for a disproportionately greater contribution to emergence of resistance than would be expected based on population-wide HIV/AIDS prevalence alone. Conclusions As such, the AIDS-immunocompromised have the potential become wellsprings of novel, resistant, opportunistic pathogen strains that can propagate into the broader global community. We discuss how public health policies for HIV/AIDS management can shape the evolutionary environment for opportunistic bacterial infections.
Glomerular Disease and Pregnancy

Glomerular diseases are not uncommon during pregnancy. Development of de novo glomerular diseases or relapse of a prior disease can occur during pregnancy. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is the most common biopsy proven glomerular disease during pregnancy followed by IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. While live births are seen with glomerular diseases and pregnancy, preterm delivery, preeclampsia and fetal complications are not uncommon in these pregnancies. This chapter discusses in depth the various glomerular diseases during pregnancy, and the clinical approach and outcomes.
The University of West Florida campus ecosystem study: gopher tortoise and longleaf pine populations in an urban interface

College/university campuses comprise a distinct type of urban interface, with their generally expansive spatial pattern of alternating permanent structures, parking lots, and green spaces. The campus of the University of West Florida (UWF) in Pensacola, Florida, was constructed among second-growth longleaf pine stands recovering from extensive logging in the western-most extent of the Panhandle, with the original campus design deliberately carried out to maintain original contours and minimize tree removal. The extended campus includes a fire-excluded, longleaf-dominated landscape with active gopher tortoise populations confined to power line right-of-ways. This study (1) examined burrowing effects on soils and plant communities, and (2) estimated the age of longleaf pine stems (trees) around campus to assess the influence of human activity on population structure. Gopher tortoise sampling was confined to three discrete areas (types) for each burrow: apron (redistributed soil outside burrow), burrow (soil above burrowed cavity), and matrix (unaltered surrounding area). Within one 0.1 m2 quadrat/sample type for each of 16 burrows, density was determined for all vascular species; mineral soil was taken to a 5-cm depth. Air-dried soil was analyzed for pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), extractable macro- and micronutrients, and extractable aluminum. All longleaf stems >2.5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured for DBH. Stem age was estimated with an allometric equation. Plant density was reduced by burrowing 7-fold on apron versus burrow and matrix sites, which did not vary between each other. Soil variables did not vary between burrow and matrix samples. Apron soils were significantly lower in pH, OM, CEC, and cations. Soil NO3− was ~3-fold higher in apron soils. Age structure of longleaf pine on campus revealed that nearly 2/3 of all stems are between 75 and 125 years old, consistent with the cessation of extensive logging of longleaf in this region.
Development of a Surgical Evidence Blog at Morbidity and Mortality Conferences: Integrating Clinical Librarians to Enhance Resident Education.

Introduction Surgical morbidity and mortality (MM however, trainees are frequently limited in their ability to collect and share this type of material. Methods A surgical evidence web log (“blog”) was created in partnership between the Clinical Librarian Service and the Department of Surgery. A clinical librarian attended weekly departmental M&M conferences and reviewed evidence in collaboration with a surgical resident. For each case presented, the clinical librarian created an evidence-based blog post based on specific learning topics encountered in the routine discussion of the M&M conference. The goal of this surgeon-librarian partnership was to enhance M&M's educational value by reinforcing learning topics, serving as a repository of case-based evidence, and involving trainees in evidence-based surgical practice. Results Blog posts included summaries of available evidence, critical reviews of seminal studies, and reviews of evidence-based guidelines framed in the context of the case. New blog posts were promoted via direct links in an existing weekly newsletter sent to all trainees and faculty in the department. Within the first year, surgical residents reported increased interaction with the literature, and 100% reported gaining knowledge that they would otherwise not receive through their standard readings, with 73% of residents using this to influence clinical practice and 87% applying knowledge in test preparation. This surgeon-librarian partnership enforces interdisciplinary collaboration through existing resources, and is highly generalizable to both surgical and medical training programs. Conclusions In this study, the development of a surgical evidence blog represents an effective resource for promoting evidence-based practices within a case-based learning curriculum. This intervention is the first report in the literature to integrate the expertise and resources of a Clinical Librarian Service with an evidence-based resident educational curriculum in a surgical residency program.
Trunk sensory and motor cortex is preferentially integrated with hindlimb sensory information that supports trunk stabilization

Abstract Sensorimotor integration in the trunk system has been poorly studied despite its importance for examining functional recovery after neurological injury or disease. Here, we mapped the relationship between thoracic dorsal root ganglia and trunk sensory cortex (S1) to create a detailed map of the extent and internal organization of trunk primary sensory cortex, and trunk primary motor cortex (M1) and showed that both cortices are somatotopically complex structures that are larger than previously described. Surprisingly, projections from trunk S1 to trunk M1 were not anatomically organized. We found relatively weak sensorimotor integration between trunk M1 and S1 and between trunk M1 and forelimb S1 compared to extensive integration between trunk M1 and hindlimb S1 and M1. This strong trunk/hindlimb connection was identified for high intensity stimuli that activated proprioceptive pathways. To assess the implication of this integration, the responses in sensorimotor cortex were examined during a postural control task and supported sensorimotor integration between hindlimb sensory and lower trunk motor cortex. Together, these data suggest that trunk M1 is guided predominately by hindlimb proprioceptive information that reached the cortex directly via the thalamus. This unique sensorimotor integration suggests an essential role for the trunk system in postural control, and its consideration could be important for understanding studies regarding recovery of function after spinal cord injury. Significance This work identifies extensive sensorimotor integration between trunk and hindlimb cortices, demonstrating that sensorimotor integration is an operational mode of the trunk cortex in intact animals. The functional role of this integration was demonstrated for postural control when the animal was subjected to lateral tilts. Furthermore, these results provide insight into cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury making clear that sensorimotor integration after SCI is an attempt to restore sensorimotor integration that existed in the intact system. These results could be used to tailor rehabilitative strategies to optimize sensorimotor integration for functional recovery.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the delayed diagnosis of appendicitis among children.

Background Appendicitis is the most common surgical condition in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. Prompt diagnosis can reduce morbidity, including appendiceal perforation. The goal of this study was to measure racial/ethnic differences in rates of 1) appendiceal perforation, 2) delayed diagnosis of appendicitis, and 3) diagnostic imaging during prior visit(s). Methods This was a 3-year multicenter (seven EDs) retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with appendicitis using the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry. Delayed diagnosis was defined as having at least one prior ED visit within 7 days preceding appendicitis diagnosis. We performed multivariable logistic regression to measure associations of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic [NH]-white, NH-Black, Hispanic, other) with 1) appendiceal perforation, 2) delayed diagnosis of appendicitis, and 3) diagnostic imaging during prior visit(s). Results Of 7,298 patients with appendicitis and documented race/ethnicity, 2,567 (35.2%) had appendiceal perforation. In comparison to NH-whites, NH-Black children had higher likelihood of perforation (36.5% vs. 34.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.01 to 1.45]). A total of 206 (2.8%) had a delayed diagnosis of appendicitis. NH-Black children were more likely to have delayed diagnoses (4.7% vs. 2.0%; aOR = 1.81 [95% CI = 1.09 to 2.98]). Eighty-nine (43.2%) patients with delayed diagnosis had abdominal imaging during their prior visits. In comparison to NH-whites, NH-Black children were less likely to undergo any imaging (28.2% vs. 46.2%; aOR = 0.41 [95% CI = 0.18 to 0.96]) or definitive imaging (e.g., ultrasound/computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging; 10.3% vs. 35.9%; aOR = 0.15 [95% CI = 0.05 to 0.50]) during prior visits. Conclusions In this multicenter cohort, there were racial disparities in appendiceal perforation. There were also racial disparities in rates of delayed diagnosis of appendicitis and diagnostic imaging during prior ED visits. These disparities in diagnostic imaging may lead to delays in appendicitis diagnosis and, thus, may contribute to higher perforation rates demonstrated among minority children.
An internet-based survey of synesthesia in multiple sclerosis: Incidence, characteristics and implications

Abstract Objective Prior work raises the interesting possibility that both multiple sclerosis and synesthesia share a common etiology, that being immune system dysfunction, as well as neuroanatomical and neurochemical abnormalities, including those involving white matter and serotonergic pathways, respectively. Given these links between these two syndromes, we examined the possibility that prevalence of synesthesia would be elevated in a population of individuals with MS, relative to what is thought to be the prevalence in the neurotypical population. It was not known whether synesthesia might be a marker for subsequent development of MS, or if synesthesia might reflect neurological damage resulting from MS disease progression. Method Individuals with self- reported clinically definite MS were recruited online via the internet and social media using sites specifically relevant to the MS community. Data from 147 individuals who completed several questionnaires related to synesthesia were analyzed. Results Depending on criteria, between approximately 7 and 16% of individuals with MS reported synesthesia here. This is an estimated 1.57 to 3.55 times increased incidence of synesthesia here relative to previous findings in neurotypical samples. Limitations of the study include that this was an internet survey, and that synesthesia was not directly assessed in this sample. Conclusions Results suggest a link between the syndromes, primarily indicating that synesthesia may be a marker for subsequent MS development, and the implications and directions for future study are discussed.
Abstract LB205: The IRF8-MEF2D transcription factor circuit regulated by a druggable multiple post-translational modification (PTM) reader ZMYND8 in acute myeloid leukemia

The transformed state in acute leukemia requires gene regulatory programs involving transcription factors (TFs) and chromatin modulators. Here, we uncover an IRF8-MEF2D TF regulatory circuit as an acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-specific dependency. We discover and characterize the mechanism by which the chromatin ‘reader9 ZMYND8 directly activates IRF8 in parallel with the MYC proto-oncogene through their AML-specific enhancers. ZMYND8 is essential for AML proliferation in vitro and in vivo and associates with MYC and IRF8 enhancer elements that we define in cell lines and in patient samples. ZMYND8 occupancy at IRF8 and MYC enhancers requires BRD4, a transcriptional coactivator essential for AML proliferation. We show that ZMYND8 binds to the ET domain of BRD4 via its chromatin reader cassette, which in turn is required for proper chromatin occupancy and maintenance of leukemic growth in vivo. Our results rationalize ZMYND8 as a potential selective therapeutic target for modulating essential transcriptional programs in AML. Citation Format: Zhendong Cao, Krista A. Budinich, Hua Huang, Bin Lu, Zhen Zhang, Diqiu Ren, Yeqiao Zhou, Yuhan Huang, Bianca Pingul, Molly C. Kingsley, Alexandra K. Lenard, Jun Qi, Martin P. Carroll, Gerd A. Blobel, Robert B. Faryabi, Kathrin M. Bernt, Shelley L. Berger, Junwei Shi. The IRF8-MEF2D transcription factor circuit regulated by a druggable multiple post-translational modification (PTM) reader ZMYND8 in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB205.
Security Transmission Scheme of Sensitive Data for Mobile Terminal

In response to mobile terminal threats, this work is innovative, and gives practical solutions and prototype systems. The work first analyzes in detail the entire process of the generation, transmission and use of user-sensitive data within the Android system. In order to achieve resource sharing and data transmission between different applications and processes, the Android system provides a mechanism for inter-process communication based on Binder. Sensitive data is transmitted through Binder as a channel in the system. But sensitive data is carried out in the form of clear text during Binder transmission, which allows malware to easily intercept and tamper with sensitive data based on Binder communication, such as SMS content and GPS location information. In response to this problem, based on the above research, this work innovatively proposes and implements an adaptive transparent encryption protection scheme for sensitive data in the Android system from generation to use throughout the life cycle, effectively preventing sensitive data from being. The threat of theft and tampering by malicious third parties guarantees the privacy and integrity of user sensitive data during the internal transmission of the system. In addition, the system provides users with a simple and flexible operating experience, allowing users to independently protect specific types of sensitive data in specified applications, enhancing the ease of use and practicality of the system.
A Crack Arrest Measuring Procedure for K Im , K ID , and K Ia Properties

New developments are described which offer a flexible procedure for measuring the fracture resistance values, K I m , K I D , and K I a which characterize the crack arrest behavior of materials. The procedure relies on a dynamically stiff, wedge-loading which limits dynamic energy exchanges between the test specimen and the testing machine. This makes it possible to interpret both small and large crack jumps without recourse to crack velocity measurements. The procedure is general and can be applied to ordinary and duplex rectangular and contoured double-cantilever-beam (DCB) specimens, and to compact and single-edge-notched (SEN) specimens when dynamic analyses for these shapes become available. The paper examines the virtues of the different specimen configurations, size and thickness requirements, possible upper and lower bounds on the size of the crack jump, and the problem of branching and side grooves. Measurements of specimen machine interactions are described. Results obtained for A533B steel with a series of rectangular DCB specimens illustrate the dependence of K I a on the size of the crack jump as well as the previously proposed relations between K I a and K I m or K I D . The results confirm that the K I m (or K I D ) values obtained with the new procedure from static measurements of load point displacement and the crack length at arrest agree with values derived from crack velocity measurements. The experiments also illustrate that duplex DCB specimens with modest dimensions (400 by 140 by 50 mm) have the capacity for measuring K I m and K I D values in excess of 150 MPa.m 1 /2.
Treatment Approaches for Child Welfare Mothers with Addiction Problems

Abstract This paper argues that child welfare mothers with addiction problems may require specialized treatment approaches based on their gender. The prevalence of women's problems with addiction and the unique ways addictions manifest themselves in women are discussed. The literature is then used to guide a discussion on the limitations of traditional treatment approaches that have been designed for men and may be of ill service to child welfare mothers. Alternative treatments are reviewed, and suggestions for improving treatment services to child welfare mothers with addiction problems are provided.
A distributed processing high data rate multiport wind-tunnel pressure measurement system

A multiport pressure measurement system has been developed for the high data rates and the in situ calibration of electronically scanned pressure (ESP) sensors. The system employs a stand-alone microcomputer, connected to a host computer, for data acquisition and preprocessing. The host computer provides several operational modes. Before each run the in situ calibration of each sensor is automatically performed. Using up to a maximum of 14 data acquisition and control units (DACU's), the system may be expanded from 16 to 10,752 pressure ports. Each DACU can make 20,000 measurements per second, average data, and perform statistical analyses before transferring data to the central unit. The system may be introduced into existing facilities and requires little user orientation.
Absolute emission cross sections for electron-impact excitation of Zn+ (4p 2P) and (5s 2S) terms. I

Absolute emission cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the $3{d}^{10}4p ^{2}P$ and $3{d}^{10}5s ^{2}S$ terms of ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{+}$ have been measured from below threshold to about 790 eV ($^{2}P$) and 388 eV ($^{2}S$) using the crossed-charged-beams technique. Both transitions have the abrupt onset at threshold characteristic of positive-ion excitation. The $^{2}P$ cross section shows considerable structure in the interval from threshold to near 20 eV, above which it falls off smoothly. Agreement with five-state close-coupling theory is excellent below 100 eV when cascading is included in the theory. Above 100 eV, the data lie above the theory. The peak value of the $^{2}P$ cross section is 9.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ essentially at threshold, while the peak value of the $^{2}S$ cross section is about 0.47\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The net linear polarization of the $3{d}^{10}4p ^{2}P$ emission was measured (unresolved from the $3{d}^{10}4d ^{2}D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{d}^{10}4p ^{2}P$ cascading transition), and these data were used to correct the cross-section data for anisotropy of the emitted light. The effective lifetime of the $3{d}^{9}4{s}^{2}^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ level was measured by observing exponential decay of the 589.6-nm photons resulting from its decay.
Mechanisms of the Graft-versus-Leukemia Reaction

It is now clear that the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect which accompanies allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies is a powerful therapeutic weapon which, if harnessed, could improve our ability to treat refractory malignant disorders. Advances in the understanding of the alloimmune response now provide a clearer picture of the mechanisms involved in the GVL reaction: the CD4+ T cell plays a central role in the orchestration of leukemia cell killing. The immunogenicity of the leukemia is also a major factor determining the effectiveness of the GVL response. The characterization of antigens restricted to leukemia and hematopoietic tissues should make it eventually possible to produce specific and powerful antileukemic alloresponses in donor lymphocytes by adoptive immunotherapy or by vaccines.
Better Contextual Translation Using Machine Learning

One of the problems facing translation systems that automatically extract transfer mappings (rules or examples) from bilingual corpora is the trade-off between contextual specificity and general applicability of the mappings, which typically results in conflicting mappings without distinguishing context. We present a machine-learning approach to choosing between such mappings, using classifiers that, in effect, selectively expand the context for these mappings using features available in a linguistic representation of the source language input. We show that using these classifiers in our machine translation system significantly improves the quality of the translated output. Additionally, the set of distinguishing features selected by the classifiers provides insight into the relative importance of the various linguistic features in choosing the correct contextual translation.
Ernst Mayr (1904-2005)

Ernst Mayr, the revered evolutionary biologist, died on February 3rd at the venerable age of 100. In a Retrospective, Coyne reminisces about Mayr9s seminal contributions to the field of evolutionary biology and the great legacy that he leaves future generations.
Simulation studies on the computation of the gravity vector in space from surface data considering the topography of the Earth

Abstract : Three approaches are investigated for the computation of the components of the gravity vector in space considering th topography of the earth: a numerical integration approach based on the application of Green's third identity, the Discrete Dirac approach, and the Least-Squares Collocation approach. Under a spherical approximation, the surface of the earth is assumed to be known through the elevations of its points above a reference sphere. The first technique requires as data gravity disturbances and disturbing potentials on the earth's surface, while the other two techniques requre as data surface gravity anomalies. Two point masses located on the axes of symmetry of two simple terrain models ( a cone and a sphere), generate on their surfaces the synthetic data needed for the simualtions. The agreement between the rigorously computed vetors (from the models), and those from the three techniques, is analyzed in terms of factors such as the inclination of the model's surface, data density, altitude of the space point etc. The application of the Dirac approach is questionable due to its limited acuracy for large data spacing. The Green's approach is recommended for computations above 10 km altitude, while the Collocation approach is suitable for computations at points between the earth's surface and the 10 km level.
Creating better business outcomes through enterprise integration with advanced building control solutions

This paper explores the benefits of integration of building control solutions with enterprise level applications and how underlying technologies and industry standards are used to improve facility management decision-making. The discussion will also focus on how building control solutions providers like Honeywell Inc. are addressing a facility's total information access and control needs to make higher order integration a competitive advantage in creating better business outcomes.
Dichloromethylenetriphenylphosphorane and β,β‐Dichloro‐p‐Dimethylaminostyrene

Dichloromethylenetriphenylphosphorane and β,β-dichloro-p-dimethylaminostyrene product: β,β-Dichloro-p-dimethylaminostyrene Keywords: condensation, carbonyl-ylide condensation; nitrogen, oxygen-free, preparation of; potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butyl alcohol; potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butyl alcohol, in heptane; electrolysis apparatus, for Kolbe's synthesis
MicroRNA-10b inhibition reduces E2F1-mediated transcription and miR-15/16 activity in glioblastoma

MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is commonly elevated in glioblastoma (GBM), while not expressed in normal brain tissues. Targeted inhibition of miR-10b has pleiotropic effects on GBM derived cell lines, it reduces GBM growth in animal models, but does not affect normal neurons and astrocytes. This data raises the possibility of developing miR-10b-targeting GBM therapy. However, the mechanisms contributing to miR-10b-mediated glioma cell survival and proliferation are unexplored. We found that inhibition of miR-10b has distinct effects on specific glioma cell lines. In cells expressing high levels of tumor suppressor p21WAF1/Cip1, it represses E2F1-mediated transcription, leading to down-regulation of multiple E2F1 target genes encoding for S-phase specific proteins, epigenetic modulators, and miRNAs (e.g. miR-15/16), and thereby stalling progression through the S-phase of cell cycle. Subsequently, miR-15/16 activities are reduced and many of their direct targets are de-repressed, including ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 that destabilizes Cyclin E. Conversely, GBM cells expressing low p21 level, or after p21 knock-down, exhibit weaker or no E2F1 response to miR-10b inhibition. Comparative analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed a strong correlation between miR-10b and multiple E2F target genes in GBM and low-grade glioma. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-10b regulates E2F1-mediated transcription in GBM, in a p21-dependent fashion.
Adjusting teacher salaries for the cost of living: the effect on salary comparisons and policy conclusions

Abstract Teaching salaries are commonly adjusted for the cost of living, but this incorrectly accounts for welfare differences across states. Adjusting for area amenities and opportunities, however, produces more accurate salary comparisons. Amenities and opportunities can be measured by the wage premium other workers in a state face. The two methods produce significant differences in state rankings. Additionally, salaries adjusted for alternative wages are strongly associated with student outcomes, while those adjusted for the cost of living are not. The method of adjustment also alters results from regressions that examine the effects of other policies, like unionization, on teacher salaries.
FEMORAL COMPONENT REVISION USING IMPACTED MORSELLISED CANCELLOUS GRAFT: A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF IMPLANT STABILITY

We have tested the axial and torsional stability of femoral components after revision arthroplasty in a cadaver model, using impacted morsellised cancellous graft and cement. Each one of six matched pairs of fresh frozen human femora had either a primary or a revision prosthesis cemented in place. For the ‘revision’ experiments, all cancellous bone was removed from the proximal femur which was then over-reamed to create a smooth-walled cortical shell. An MTS servohydraulic test frame was used to apply axial and torsional loads to each specimen through the prosthetic femoral heads with the femur submerged in isotonic saline solution at 37°C. The mean subsidence was 0.27 ± 0.17 mm for the primary and 0.52 ± 0.30 mm for the revision groups. The difference was statistically significant (p 0.015). Based on our results we suggest that revision of the femoral component using morsellised cancellous graft followed by cementing with a collarless prosthesis with a polished tapered stem restores the integrity of the proximal femur and provides immediate stability of the implant.