cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe hypercalcaemia due to household cleaner ingestion

We report the case of a 59-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease who presented with symptomatic severe hypercalcaemia (calcium 15.8 mg/dL) and acute kidney injury. Evaluation revealed that the hypercalcaemia was not mediated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), PTH-related peptide or 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D. Adrenal insufficiency was subsequently diagnosed and was initially thought to be the aetiology of the hypercalcaemia. He was treated with intravenous fluid, pamidronate and started on hydrocortisone with resolution of his hypercalcaemia. Over the next several months, despite adherence to hydrocortisone therapy, the patient continued to have recurrent severe hypercalcaemia requiring hospitalisation. Additional laboratory evaluation showed similar results to the initial evaluation. On further questioning, the patient admitted to routinely ingesting the household cleaning product Comet, which contains a large amount of calcium. Psychiatric assessment confirmed the diagnosis of pica. The patient eventually discontinued ingestion of Comet with resolution of his hypercalcaemia.
Virginia Woolf, the War Without, the War Within: Her Final Diaries & the Diaries She Read, by Barbara Lounsberry: UP of Florida, 2018.

Virginia Woolf, endlessly curious about other people, admitted in an unpublished essay, “I always sit next the conductor in an omnibus and try to get him to tell me what it is like – being a conduc...
Amide-Assisted Synthesis of Iron Germanium Sulfide (Fe2GeS4) Nanostars: The Effect of LiN(SiMe3)2 on Precursor Reactivity for Favoring Nanoparticle Nucleation or Growth

Olivine Fe2GeS4 has been identified as a promising photovoltaic absorber material introduced as an alternate candidate to iron pyrite, FeS2. The compounds share similar benefits in terms of element...
Research on a PMSM Control Method Based on Model Prediction Control

The model predict control (MPC) algorithm is based on the desired reference trajectory and the model of the control object to establish a prediction model, calculate the current period predicted value and then use the prediction error of the previous cycle to correct the predicted value, and the optimal control increment is obtained by rolling optimization based on cost function, then obtaining the optimal control increment accumulated in time. The MPC algorithm is introduced into the speed loop of PMSM field-oriented control to design speed loop controller, and then establish simulation model to prove that the PMSM field-oriented control based on MPC has fast and accurate response and better robustness then the PMSM field-oriented control based on PI.
Structure, Anti-structure, and Communitas in the Classroom: Notes on Embodied Theory

Building on the experience of participating in ritual reenactments organized by Victor and Edith Turner while an undergraduate, for more than a quarter of a century Brownell organized similar projects in her own classes in concert with teaching about ritual theory. The aim was to connect the intellectual work of comprehending theory with a different kind of embodied insight. Based on student papers, she analyzes the student experiences in a Haitian zombie-making ritual (selected by the students) that she originally considered unsatisfactory to show that the impact of these exercises on the students is complex, unpredictable, contradictory, and surprising. Reenactments tap into deep and powerful forces. Different students will interpret and experience the same event differently; some are more strongly affected and others less so, but even those students who claim that they were unaffected often write insightful papers that seem to indicate the contrary.
Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma-exposed Black women.

Background The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is commonly used to assess dimensions of emotion dysregulation, including emotion nonacceptance, limited strategies, and difficulty with goal-directed behavior, impulse control, and emotional clarity. Despite considerable work examining the DERS' factor structure, reliability, and validity, there is limited psychometric support for its use with Black women. Objectives (1) Examine the factor structure of the DERS; (2) Compare fit of short-form versions; and (3) Assess whether scores differ based on diagnoses. Method Sample consisted of Black women (n = 667) recruited in urban, community hospital setting. Results The DERS-18 correlated traits model without awareness demonstrated the best fit, χ2 (80) = 261.09, root mean square error of approximation = 0.06 [0.05, 0.07], comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.98, weighted root mean square residual = 0.89. Additionally, those with current diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) reported higher dysregulation (vs. lifetime/no diagnoses). Further, women with comorbid PTSD/MDD reported greater dysregulation (vs. single disorder/no diagnoses). Conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the model fit, reliability, and validity of the DERS-18 for Black women.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid and Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid Alter the Blood Lipidome and the Hepatic Proteome in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a family of environmental toxicants that have infiltrated the living world. This study explores diet-PFAS interactions and the impact of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS) on the hepatic proteome and blood lipidomic profiles. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a low-fat diet (10.5% kcal from fat) or a high fat (58% kcal from fat) high carbohydrate (42 g/l) diet with or without PFOS or PFHxS in feed (0.0003% wt/wt) for 29 weeks. Lipidomic, proteomic, and gene expression profiles were determined to explore lipid outcomes and hepatic mechanistic pathways. With administration of a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet, PFOS and PFHxS increased hepatic expression of targets involved in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In the blood, PFOS and PFHxS altered serum phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, plasmogens, sphingomyelins, and triglycerides. Furthermore, oxidized lipid species were enriched in the blood lipidome of PFOS and PFHxS treated mice. These data support the hypothesis that PFOS and PFHxS increase the risk of metabolic and inflammatory disease induced by diet, possibly by inducing dysregulated lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
Developmental Control of ɛ‐ and γ‐ Globin Genesa

In the last few years there have been considerable advances in the understanding of the molecular control of globin genes during development. Several insights have been obtained with studies using transgenic mice. The 5' to 3' order of the genes in the beta locus, the proximity of the genes to the locus control region and the availability of transcriptional factors have been implicated in the developmental activation of globin genes. Globin genes are turned off by two general mechanisms, autonomous gene silencing involving sequences located in the proximal and distal promoters and competition between genes for interaction with the locus control region. The current understanding of the control of embryonic (epsilon) and fetal (gamma) globin genes is reviewed.
Postsynaptic density-93 interacts with the delta2 glutamate receptor subunit at parallel fiber synapses.

The glutamate receptor subunit δ2 has a unique distribution at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse of the cerebellum, which is developmentally regulated such that δ2 occurs at both parallel fiber synapses and climbing fiber synapses early in development but is restricted to parallel fiber synapses in adult animals. To identify proteins that might be involved in the trafficking or docking of δ2 receptors, we screened a yeast two-hybrid library with the cytosolic C terminus of δ2 and isolated a member of the postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 family of proteins, which are known to interact with the extreme C termini of NMDA receptors. We find that δ2 binds specifically to PSD-93, which is enriched in Purkinje cells. In addition, PSD-93 clusters δ2 when they are coexpressed in heterologous cells, and clustering is disrupted by point mutations of δ2 that disrupt the δ2–PSD-93 interaction. Ultrastructural localization of PSD-93 and δ2 shows they are colocalized at parallel fiber synapses; however, PSD-93 also is present at climbing fiber synapses of the adult rat, where δ2 is not found, indicating that the presence of PSD-93 alone is not sufficient for determining the synaptic expression of δ2.
The Impact of International Marketing Research on Export Marketing Strategy: An Empirical Investigation

This paper examined the impact of che frequency and extent of international marketing research on export marketing strategy. Of the 18 hypotheses tested, 14 hypotheses were rejected at the .05 level of significance. The study revealed that international marketing research will affect the way in which exporters determine export pricing and export price quotation, frequency with which chey conduct face-to-face meeting with their overseas dealers or distributors, provide level of dealer support, the type of direct buyer overseas, and the type of export channel used.
How Much Liquidity Insurance Do Credit Lines Provide

A substantial literature treats credit lines as a form of committed liquidity insurance. We provide evidence that challenges this perspective. Borrowing rates hold for a relatively short period of time and firms that draw on a line of credit face higher interest rates and more stringent contract terms upon renewal than do similar firms that did not draw on credit lines. Moreover, banks have considerable capacity for forcing renegotiation and thereby limiting a firm’s benefit from drawing on a credit line. As a consequence, firms that rely heavily on credit lines for liquidity insurance may forgo positive NPV projects. We find that bank reputation and prior lending relationships improve the efficiency of credit lines.
PARTICIPATION OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN THE ROD OUTER SEGMENT RENEWAL PROCESS

The disposal phase of the retinal rod outer segment renewal process has been studied by radioautography in adult frogs injected with tritiated amino acids. Shortly after injection, newly formed radioactive protein is incorporated into disc membranes which are assembled at the base of the rod outer segment. During the following 2 months, these labeled discs are progressively displaced along the outer segment owing to the repeated formation of newer discs. When the labeled membranes reach the end of the outer segment, they are detached from it. They subsequently may be identified in inclusion bodies within the pigment epithelium by virtue of their content of radioactivity. These inclusions have been termed phagosomes. Disc membrane formation is a continuous process, but the detachment of groups of discs occurs intermittently. The detached outer segment fragments become deformed, compacted, undergo chemical changes, and are displaced within the pigment epithelium. Ultimately, the material contained in the phagosomes is eliminated from the cell. In this manner the pigment epithelium participates actively in the disposal phase of the rod outer segment renewal process.
11.3.1 Transforming the Enterprise Using a Systems Approach

Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) is an emerging discipline that can be used to more confidently and rapidly create the essential changes for the modern enterprise to survive in these days of enormous economic and social uncertainty. Systems Engineering (SE) could have much to offer in enabling this transformation, but significant enhancements to traditional SE tools and methods must be brought to bear. This paper describes a set of principles and concepts that enables greater benefits when using the systems approach for enterprise transformation. These enhancements include technical activities, of course, but they also address the substantial leadership and managerial challenges at the enterprise level.
Strain to evaluate ventricular function in Fontan patients undergoing exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods 28 Fontan subjects (median age 16.6 years, 14/28 morphologic left ventricle, 14/28 morphologic right ventricle) underwent a resting and exercise CMR. Standard high resolution, segmented balanced steady state free precession (SSFP) images were acquired with breath holds at rest. Cartesian real time (RT) cine images were acquired at rest then repeated at exercise, targeting the HR at anaerobic threshold on a recent metabolic exercise stress test (EST). Ventricular volumes and cardiac output were calculated offline. Off-line strain analysis was performed (TomTec 2D CPA, v. 1.0) on the “4-chamber” and shortaxis views at basal, mid, and apical levels.
Rational function approximations to generalized spectroscopic lineshapes and applications to electron paramagnetic resonance

Abstract This paper presents a derivation of a rational function approximation for a generalized spectroscopic lineshape. The rational function can generate an exact Lorentzian lineshape, a very close approximation to a Gaussian lineshape, or a wide range of hybrid lineshapes, depending upon the value of a single function parameter. One can then evaluate the integral for the simulated EPR absorption spectrum as a closed-form, analytic function for the case of an axially symmetric paramagnetic species in a powder distribution in the absence of resolved hyperfine splitting, for different mechanisms of line broadening, and a wide range of lineshapes (in both H domain and v domain), without the usual necessity of computer-assisted numerical integration.
Transient heating of opaque and semitransparent materials by radiation during processing

Analysis is presented of transient heating of opaque and semitransparent (translucent) materials by external radiation sources. Such problems arise in materials processing and manufacturing applications. Dynamic temperature distributions are calculated in a plate (slab) of material by accounting for spectral nature of the radiation source and the radiative properties of the material. Effects of radiation properties influenced by the choice of material to be heated, chemical and mechanical treatment, radiation source temperature, and convective heat transfer are considered. Differences in temperature response of opaque and semitransparent materials are examined. It is shown that the temperature distribution in a semitransparent material heated by an external radiation source is more uniform than in an opaque material for otherwise the same conditions owing to the “long range” transport of radiation. Treatment of a semitransparent material as opaque results in an unrealistic prediction of temperature distribution when the material is heated by an infrared radiation source.
Heart failure management: the impact of drug therapy on survival.

Congestive heart failure is a problem of growing magnitude, with an estimated 2.3 million Americans afflicted and 400,000 new cases diagnosed each year.l There has been an exponential increase in the hospital discharge diagnosis of congestive heart failure during the 1970’s that has persisted well into the 198O’s,2 increases that do not simply reflect overall hospital utilization trends. The National Center for Health Care Statistics estimates that the number of hospital discharges for congestive heart failure almost tripled between 1970 and 1982, from 570,000 to 1,557,000.3 In 1981 there more than four million office-based visits for heart failure.2 The mortality rate for heart failure has failed to decline despite the marked decline in deaths from ischemic heart disease and the improvement in hypertension contro1.4 Clearly, the management of heart failure is of timely importance. Measuring efficacy of drug therapy in patients with heart failure has largely relied on acute and short-term hemodynamic responses, changes in exercise tolerance, and subjective assessment of functional class. There are presently major problems in determining drug efficacy, however. Favorable short-term hemodynamic responses do not clearly predict long-term exercise improvement.5 Some patients with heart failure may not clinically respond when therapy is first begun, but gradually improve over time.6 The use of exercise tolerance as a measure of drug efficacy has proved to be more complicated than originally envisioned. The end point of VOZ,,, is not uniformly achieved by all patients with heart failure.7,s Moreover, this type of maximal effort is not typically part of the usual daily activity of patients with heart failure. Submaximal exercise end points such as anaerobic
Application of noncollapsing methods to the gene-based association test: a comparison study using Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 data

Rare variants have been proposed to play a significant role in the onset and development of common diseases. However, traditional analysis methods have difficulties in detecting association signals for rare causal variants because of a lack of statistical power. We propose a two-stage, gene-based method for association mapping of rare variants by applying four different noncollapsing algorithms. Using the Genome Analysis Workshop18 whole genome sequencing data set of simulated blood pressure phenotypes, we studied and contrasted the false-positive rate of each algorithm using receiver operating characteristic curves. The statistical power of these methods was also evaluated and compared through the analysis of 200 simulated replications in a smaller genotype data set. We showed that the Fisher's method was superior to the other 3 noncollapsing methods, but was no better than the standard method implemented with famSKAT. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential statistical properties of these approaches.
Kinematical scaling violation at fixed energy

Abstract We calculate the ξ-scaling corrections to x n y k moments inclusive lepton-hadron cross sections at fixed incident lepton energy.
Anterior-Posterior Guidance of Commissural Axons by Wnt-Frizzled Signaling

Commissural neurons in the mammalian dorsal spinal cord send axons ventrally toward the floor plate, where they cross the midline and turn anteriorly toward the brain; a gradient of chemoattractant(s) inside the spinal cord controls this turning. In rodents, several Wnt proteins stimulate the extension of commissural axons after midline crossing (postcrossing). We found that Wnt4 messenger RNA is expressed in a decreasing anterior-to-posterior gradient in the floor plate, and that a directed source of Wnt4 protein attracted postcrossing commissural axons. Commissural axons in mice lacking the Wnt receptor Frizzled3 displayed anterior-posterior guidance defects after midline crossing. Thus, Wnt-Frizzled signaling guides commissural axons along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
Al-Shaybani and the Islamic Law of War

One of the ways Islamic tradition addresses questions of military ethics is through inquiries into the shari'a, indicating the ideal way of life and usually rendered as Islamic 'law'. Discussion of the shari?a includes an extended conversation concerning the justification and conduct of war. The work of al-Shaybani (d. 804) and other early scholars in the Hanafi school illustrates an important moment in this conversation, establishing precedents to which subsequent generations of Muslims (including contemporary Muslims) must respond. Further, the accomplishments of these scholars provide an important example to all those engaged in thinking about military ethics.
Role of impaired cAMP and calcium-sensitive K+ channel function in altered cerebral hemodynamics following brain injury

Previous studies have shown that pial arteries constricted and responses to dilator opioids were blunted after fluid percussion injury (FPI) in newborn pigs. Membrane potential of vascular muscle is a major determinant of vascular tone and activity of K+ channels is a major regulator of membrane potential. Recent data show that opioids elicit dilation via the sequential production of cAMP and subsequent activation of calcium-sensitive K+ (K(Ca2+)) channels by this second messenger. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of FPI on cAMP and K(Ca2+) channel function. Chloralose-anesthetized piglets equipped with a closed cranial window were connected to a percussion device consisting of a saline-filled cylindrical reservoir and a metal pendulum. Brain injury of moderate severity (1.9-2.1 atm) was produced by allowing the pendulum to strike a piston on the cylinder. FPI blunted dilation to the cAMP analogs 8-Bromo cAMP and Sp 8-Bromo cAMPs (10(-8), 10(-6) M), (9 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 1 vs. 2 +/- 1 and 3 +/- 1% dilations to 8-Bromo cAMP before and after FPI, respectively, n = 8). Similarly, FPI attenuated dilation to pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), an endogenous activator of adenylate cyclase, and NS 1619, a K(Ca2+) channel agonist (9 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 1 vs. 3 +/- 1 and 5 +/- 1% for NS 1619 10(-8), 10(-6) M before and after FPI, respectively, n = 8). Moreover, FPI attenuated PACAP, methionine enkephalin, leucine enkephalin, and dynorphin induced elevations in CSF cAMP concentration (940 +/- 2, 1457 +/- 50, and 2191 +/- 53 vs. 810 +/- 17, 1033 +/- 36, and 1218 +/- 49 fmol/ml for control, PACAP 10(-8), 10(-6) M before and after FPI, respectively, n = 8). These data show that cAMP and K(Ca2+) channel function is impaired after FPI. Further these data suggest that impaired cAMP and K(Ca2+) channel function contribute to altered cerebral hemodynamics following FPI.
Psychological and health problems in a geographically proximate population time-sampled continuously for three months after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist incidents.

Abstract This study assessed the mental and physical health status and psychological problems related to the September 11th terrorist incidents among a representative sample of adults living near New York City, using continuously time-sampled data collected throughout 2001. Prevalence estimates for poor mental or physical health after September 11th (October through December) were comparable to those for the entire year of 2001 (i.e. approximately 33%). Psychological problems related to the terrorist incidents were reported by more than half of the respondents, and appeared to peak in prevalence approximately two to three months following the incidents, followed by a decline in the next month and subsequent year. Poor mental health, female gender, media re-exposure, and ongoing or increased alcohol use were risk factors for psychological problems, while older age (65+ years old) and being married were protective factors. Risk factors for poor physical and mental health or psychological problems were gener...
An evaluation of a "time tunnel" display format for the presentation of temporal information.

The time tunnel display design technique combines the benefits of configural displays (salient visual properties corresponding to critical domain semantics) with the benefits of temporal information (i.e., the value of variables and properties over time). In Experiment 1 a baseline configural display and a time tunnel display were evaluated using real-time measures of system control, fault detection, and state estimation in a simulated process control task. The results provided little evidence in support of the time tunnel format. In Experiment 2 access to the temporal context was limited: Participants performed the detection and estimation tasks with static "snapshots" of system states that had been generated in Experiment 1. The overall pattern of results indicates that the time tunnel display was more effective for state estimation tasks than was the baseline configural display and or a trend display. Issues in the design of temporal displays are discussed, including representational formats and the ch...
Role of Fungi in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An Update

The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is multi-factorial with an infectious process likely at least partly involved. While bacteria have been proposed to play a critical role in CRS, fungi have also been implicated by some investigators, although the pathogenesis of fungi in CRS represents a significant controversy among rhinologists. Fungal-associated factors believed to be involved in CRS include the ability of fungi to induce significant inflammatory reactions by different means through inducing localized cytokine production in the sinonasal tract. Despite these observations, randomized, controlled studies on CRS patients using antifungal therapy have not resulted in significant improvement in CRS patients. The role of fungi in the pathogenesis of CRS remains controversial.
Fracture resistance of simulated immature maxillary anterior teeth restored with fiber posts and composite to varying depths

Background Traumatized immature teeth present a unique challenge during treatment, both endodontically as well as restoratively. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the type and depth of restoration that would be effective in simulated immature maxillary anterior teeth in terms of fracture resistance and mode of failure. Materials and methods Seventy-five extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were used in this study that was standardized to a length of 13 mm. Instrumentation of the canals was performed after which a Peezo no. 6 was taken 1 mm past the apex to simulate an incompletely formed root. MTA apexification was simulated after which all the teeth were mounted and a 3-mm-diameter engineering twist drill extended the preparation 3 and 7 mm below the facial cemento–enamel junction (CEJ) to simulate Cvek's stage 3. These teeth were divided into seven different groups: Group 1: Negative control: intact teeth; Group 2: Positive control: 3 mm, no restoration; Group 3: Positive control: 7 mm, no restoration; Group 4: 3-mm composite; Group 5: 3-mm quartz fiber post; Group 6: 7-mm composite; Group 7: 7-mm quartz fiber post. Fracture resistance was performed at 130° to the long axis of the tooth with a chisel-shaped tip at the cingulum with a cross-head speed of 5 mm min−1, and the maximum load at which the fracture occurred was recorded. Results Group 1 that was the negative control showed the highest fracture resistance. Among the experimental groups, 4 and 5 showed the highest fracture resistance, which were significantly different from groups 6 and 7, respectively. Conclusions Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that using either dual-cure composite or a quartz fiber post with composite resin to a depth of 3 mm would significantly strengthen the roots in immature teeth.
The (un)common law: Legal tradition and the diverging policies of the USA and Australia toward international human rights law

The USA and Australia have historically had similar foreign policies. Over the past several decades, however, a divergence has occurred between the two countries in one key area: policy toward international human rights law. This article examines the reason for this divergence and theorizes that Australia has been a more active participant in the international human rights regime because of its legal tradition, which facilitates the internalization of international law into society’s cultural perceptions about appropriate standards of behavior. The article concludes that while they share the same origins, there are differences in the US and Australian legal traditions that explain the two states’ differing policies on international human rights law.
The lipid composition of wheat flours varying widely in bread-making potentialities.

Lipids were extracted with petroleum ether (average 0.93%) and with water-saturated n-butanol (average 1.20%) from flours milled from composite 8 hard red winter, 5 hard red spring, and each from red soft, durum, and club wheat varieties. The butanol-extracted lipids were fractionated into nonpolar and polar lipids by silicic acid column chromatography, and the two major fractions were subfractionated by thin-layer chromatography. The extracted, washed, lipids contained about 52% nonpolar, and 48% polar lipids. Flours milled from durum wheat contained substantially less polar lipids, than flours milled from hard red winter or hard red spring wheats. The triglycerides constituted about 50% of the nonpolar lipids. Among the polar lipids, digalactosyl glyceride was the major component (about 40%); an unidentified compound, and a mixture of monogalactosyl glyceride with phosphatidic acid were about 20% each; and phosphatidyl ethanol amine, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl serine comprised about 4, 7, and 4.5% of the polar lipids, respectively.
Relationships between C6-C12 alkanal and alkenal volatile contents and resistance of maize genotypes to Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production

An association was found between C6−C12 alkanal and alkenal volatile contents in several maize genotypes and aflatoxin contamination. Volatiles generated from untreated, ground, field resistant (R) maize kernels contained in an inverted lid of a Petri dish affected growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus when spores were inoculated on potato dextrose agar in a closed, sealed Petri dish assay. Volatiles from the ground maize genotypes were purged onto Tenax columns and analyzed by GC/MS; C6−C12 aldehydes were more prominent in the GC/MS total ion chromatograms of the R genotypes. Maize genotypes that exhibited a greater inhibition of aflatoxin production in the inverted lid assay also exhibited a larger concentration of linoleic acid in their fatty acid profiles. These results suggest the correlation of decay products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and plant disease resistance and indicate that the lipoxygenase pathway may contribute to this resistance. Keywords: Lipoxygenase products; volati...
Andrew Lang. World Trade Law after Neoliberalism. Re-imagining the Global Economic Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Pp. xxix + 385. $120. ISBN:9780199592647.

Accounts of trade law usually are written in a technical style or focus on the WTO's legitimacy. Nevertheless, an increasing number of scholars are asking theoretical questions regarding why WTO law is structured as it is and operates the way it does. Some look to political or economic theory to answer the question. Lang, like some others, focuses more on social dynamics. Lang's contribution is one of the most legally far-reaching, methodologically acute, and sociologically attentive accounts thus far. Lang's socio-political sensibility is distinguished because he employs an expansive category of social legal actors, thereby situating trade law within the politics of global struggles. His style is also unique because he parses how history informs the present. And most importantly, he studies how different legal theories are created from this context and how those theories affect the practice of trade law.
Les uns et les autres : La difference chez Proust dans Sodome et Gomorrhe

(1987). Les uns et les autres : La difference chez Proust dans Sodome et Gomorrhe. Studia Neophilologica: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 103-107.
Aggregation of Monomeric Ferritin-Insulin Occupied Receptor Sites on Liver Plasma Membranes Caused by Anti-Insulin Antibody

AbstractAnti-insulin antibody enhanced 125I-insulin binding to liver plasma membranes. Ultrastructural studies revealed that monomeric ferritin-insulin occupied receptors on liver membranes were observed as predominantly single receptors and that increasing concentrations of ferritin-insulin did not alter the distribution patterns. Anti-insulin antibody caused a marked shift in the organizational pattern of insulin receptors from predominantly single receptors to small aggregates of 2–6 receptors.
Effects of plant abundance on reproductive success in the biennial Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae): spatial scale matters

Summary 1. Small and low-density populations often suffer significant reductions in reproduction, as exemplified by studies on rare and threatened species. While this phenomenon is less studied in common species, if general, it should not be restricted to those in peril. We addressed this assertion by examining the effects of plant abundance, measured at population-level (population size, density) and local-level (local neighbourhood size, LNS) spatial scales, on fruit set, seed set and subsequent reproductive success (RS) across 19 natural populations of the widespread biennial Sabatia angularis (Gentianaceae). We also examined stigmatic pollen loads across a subset of populations to address whether changes in reproduction were related to reduced pollination. 2. Effects of plant abundance on reproduction were evident at both spatial scales. At the popula tion level, population size - but not density - affected fruit set significantly. This effect was non-linear. Fruit set in populations larger than 15 individuals was relatively constant, but dropped abruptly in populations below that size. This relationship did not prevail between population size and RS. Instead, RS declined significantly with population density. 3. At the local level, increases in LNS between 1 -m and 4-m radii from study plants increased fruit set significantly. In contrast, increases within 1 m significantly reduced seed set. Both of these effects prevailed at different spatial scales for RS; increases in 1-m LNS reduced RS, but increases beyond that distance and within 4 m increased RS. 4. Although non-significant, trends in the data are consistent with facilitative interactions for pollination influencing local-level effects on fruit set. However, negative interactions, presumably because of competition for resources, are more important for determining seed set at local scales. Both interactions influence RS, but the effect of competition appears to dominate at the population level. 5. Synthesis. This study demonstrates that although significant reductions in fruit set in small S. angularis populations imply that common species are not impervious to reproductive disadvan tages, small populations need not experience reduced RS. Furthermore, low-density populations
Investing in Leaders and Leadership to Secure a Desirable Future

Investments in the select few who already are or will become academic leaders are essential but insufficient. Investments also need to be made in collective leadership because leadership is an activity or function, not merely a person. Both good leaders and collective leadership are needed in the never-ending journey toward selective excellence. A review of the challenges and opportunities manifest in the internal and external environments for higher education supports this claim and five others. First, there are certain non-negotiable strategies. Second, every leadership strategy is an intervention. Third, contingent leadership with multiple strategies is nearly mandatory. Fourth, organizational readiness for change is an enduring priority. Finally, leadership is founded on disciplinary stewardship. To thrive, kinesiology must be both a fortress discipline and an adaptive, connected discipline. Keeping the best of specialization, while combating fragmentation, stewardship must be firmly connected to facu...
Information about the synthesis of life forms: a document‐oriented approach

Purpose – This study aims to examine the forms of information about the synthesis of life forms in the public sphere.Design/methodology/approach – A document‐oriented approach was used and a wide range of documents that discuss a particular technoscientific issue was sampled. The analysis of documents involved a combination of discourse and content analysis.Findings – The study demonstrates that there is a significant growth of the diversity of document types over time. Overall, 24 document types and 21 publication formats were identified. Web‐based formats, such as blogs and news and information web sites, play a prominent role in the dissemination of information about the synthesis of life forms.Research limitations/implications – The variety of document types identified here expands current understanding of the public documentary landscape and shows that the analysis of technoscientific debates and controversies can no longer be limited to traditional mass media documents such as news, feature articles...
Application of Taguchi methods to NextGen integrated safety risk management

NextGen, the Next Generation Air Traffic Management system, is a complex system of systems that will be comprised of numerous advanced technology concepts being designed and tested independently both for performance and safety. Recent concern has been expressed regarding potential hazards that may be introduced through interaction effects associated with implementation of these integrated systems. With safety identified as the Federal Aviation Administration's number one priority, a requirement for developing an integrated safety risk management capability has been defined. This paper suggests application of a proven technique for satisfying this requirement: Taguchi Methods. Background information and an example of Design of Experiment theory is provided along with a literature review citing documents describing integrated risk management concerns and published articles suggesting methods for addressing this risk. The paper concludes by demonstrating application of the Taguchi method using notional safety data to identify interaction effects and optimize configuration of four systems proposed for NextGen air traffic control towers.
Charybdotoxin Binding in the IKs Pore Demonstrates Two MinK Subunits in Each Channel Complex

I(Ks) voltage-gated K(+) channels contain four pore-forming KCNQ1 subunits and MinK accessory subunits in a number that has been controversial. Here, I(Ks) channels assembled naturally by monomer subunits are compared to those with linked subunits that force defined stoichiometries. Two strategies that exploit charybdotoxin (CTX)-sensitive subunit variants are applied. First, CTX on rate, off rate, and equilibrium affinity are found to be the same for channels of monomers and those with a fixed 2:4 MinK:KCNQ1 valence. Second, 3H-CTX and an antibody are used to directly quantify channels and MinK subunits, respectively, showing 1.97 +/- 0.07 MinK per I(Ks) channel. Additional MinK subunits do not enter channels of monomeric subunits or those with fixed 2:4 valence. We conclude that two MinK subunits are necessary, sufficient, and the norm in I(Ks) channels. This stoichiometry is expected for other K(+) channels that contain MinK or MinK-related peptides (MiRPs).
Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity and community composition along sharp urban forest edges

The effects of forest edge on ant species richness and community composition were examined within an urbanized area of northeast Ohio. The ground-dwelling ant fauna was inventoried in three deciduous forest fragments that have resulted from human disturbance. We surveyed ants via leaf-litter extraction along 150 m transects positioned perpendicular to the forest edge. We collected 4,670 individuals from 14 genera and 29 species. Samples closest to the forest edge contained more species and accumulated species at a higher rate than did samples located in the forest interior. Our rarefied and expected richness estimates revealed a decline of species richness from edge to forest interior. The higher ant richness at the forest edge was due mostly to the presence of species characteristic of the neighboring open habitats. Although most of the typical forest ant species were represented equally at the edge and at the forest interior, a few responded to the presence of edges with changes in their relative abundance and frequency of occurrence. Forest edges had a higher proportion of opportunistic species and a lower proportion of cryptic ants, whereas interior locations exhibited a more even distribution among ant functional groups. In addition, we documented a community composition shift between the edge and the forest interior. Consistent with previous findings, we suggest that the edge effects are most pronounced within 25 m of the forest edge, which may have implications for the overall conservation of forest-dwelling fauna.
Perception of the pitch of unresolved harmonics by 3- and 7-month-old human infants.

Three-month-olds discriminate resolved harmonic complexes on the basis of missing fundamental (MF) pitch. In view of reported difficulty in discriminating unresolved complexes at 7 months and striking changes in the organization of the auditory system during early infancy, infants' ability to discriminate unresolved complexes is of some interest. This study investigated the ability of 3-month-olds, 7-month-olds, and adults to discriminate the pitch of unresolved harmonic complexes using an observer-based method. Stimuli were MF complexes bandpass filtered with a −12 dB/octave slope, combined in random phase, presented at 70 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for 650 ms with a 50 ms rise/fall with a pink noise at 65 dB SPL. The conditions were (1) “LOW” unresolved harmonics (2500–4500 Hz) based on MFs of 160 and 200 Hz and (2) “HIGH” unresolved harmonics (4000–6000 Hz) based on MFs of 190 and 200 Hz. To demonstrate MF discrimination, participants had to ignore spectral changes in complexes with the same fundamental and respond only when the fundamental changed. Nearly all infants tested categorized complexes by MF pitch suggesting discrimination of pitch extracted from unresolved harmonics by 3 months. Adults also categorized the complexes by MF pitch, although musically trained adults were more successful than musically untrained adults.
Application of the edge function method to rock mechanics problems

The edge function method is considered as an alternative to conventional numerical schemes for the solution of plane problems in rock mechanics. The essence of the approach is the approximation of the solution by a linear combination of solutions of the field equations. The unknowns in the linear combination are obtained from a system of equations which follows from the approximation of the boundary conditions by a boundary Galerkin energy method. No mesh generation is required over the domain or boundary of the problem. Previous edge function work in anisotropic elasticity is enhanced by the incorporation of a special solution for the effect of gravity. Examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the method in determining stresses in various rock mechanics problems. A high level of accuracy is achieved with a relatively small number of degrees of freedom. Convergence is rapid because of the inclusion of special analytic solutions to model stress concentrations. The inclusion of the gravity force does, however, lead to a small increase in the number of degrees of freedom needed to achieve acceptable results. The optimum use of the edge function method, at present, may be as a special element within more general finite element or discrete element codes.
Neurophysiological Genetics in Drosophila melanogaster

Neurophysiological genetics is the study of the mechanisms by which genes control nervous function and behavior. The transduction of genetic information into neural information is studied at the level of the neuron through genetic and physiological techniques. The neurons responsible for the leg-shaking action specific to a single-gene mutant of Drosophila melanogaster, Hk1 , have been located in three pairs of small regions in the thoracic ganglion. The activity pattern of these neurons is coded by the mutant Hk1 gene. The center for the specifically patterned leg-shaking action is composed of several motor neurons whose activity is governed by the pacemaking activity of at least one interneuron. As it is most likely that the mutant gene is expressed autonomously in this interneuron, there is a possibility of investigating ways in which genes may influence the properties of neurons. The activity of the mutant neuron was monitored intracellularly, and the pattern formation mechanism was studied. The amplitude, duration, and periodicity of the pacemaker potential and the spike initiation site determine the activity pattern resulting in the specific leg-shaking action.
TEM study of the alteration of interstitial glass in MORB by inorganic processes

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations on a suite of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) reveal abundant interstitial glass, which differs in occurrence and composition from basaltic glass at pillow rims. Interstitial glass consists dominantly of SiO2 and Al2O3 and is depleted in other cations, representing a highly differentiated residual material. Low-temperature alteration by seawater solutions results in the formation of saponite (Mg-rich variety of smectite) replacing the interstitial glass; the Si/Al ratio of this saponite reflects that of the source glass. Chemical changes during this transition differ from those resulting from alteration of basaltic or rhyolitic glass. Alteration of interstitial glass results in uptake of Mg and Fe and loss of Si and Al, but there is little or no leaching of alkalis. This reflects a strong control on chemical reactions by solution composition (high Na and Mg concentrations of seawater fluids). In contrast to basaltic glass at pillow rims, our observations do not reveal microbial activities in the alteration of interstitial glass.
Correlation of critical properties and acentric factor of hydrocarbons and derivatives

The critical constants and acentric factor are generally required in thermodynamic calculations based on the principle of corresponding states. In this work, these properties of hydrocarbons and derivatives are correlated with the molecular weight, specific gravity, and normal boiling point. Properties of n-alkanes are correlated with the molecular weight. Properties of other hydrocarbons and derivatives are expressed as perturbations from those of the n-alkanes, and the perturbations are corrlated in terms of specific gravity and normal boiling point.
Josephson tunneling and the proximity effect

Josephson junctions containing one or two proximity systems (e.g., S/sub ..cap alpha../-M/sub ..beta../-I-S/sub ..gamma../, S/sub ..cap alpha../-M/sub ..beta../-I-M/sub ..gamma../-S/sub delta/; M(..gamma..) is a normal metal or superconductor) are studied. An analysis of the thickness and temperature dependences of the maximum dc Josephson current I/sub M/ is carried out. The curvature of the function I/sub M/(L/sub ..beta../) is found to depend strongly on the ratio of energy gaps epsilon/sub ..gamma..//epsilon/sub ..cap alpha../ and on the temperature. The analysis is based on the thermodynamic Green's-function method, and the effect of strong coupling is also taken into account. If the proximity system contains two superconductors S/sub ..cap alpha../ and S/sub ..beta../, then it appears that the electron-phonon interaction described by the constant lambda/sub ..beta../ contributes noticeably even if T>T/sub c/..beta...
THE ADDITION OF HYDROXYLAMINE TO THE HALOGENATED URACILS

Hydroxylamine adds reversibly to C-6 of uracil bases via a multistep mechanism. Equilibrium constants measured at several pH values, 25°, μ = 3.0 M are: uracil, 0.25 M−1; 5-iodouracil, 0.30 M−1, 5-bromouracil, 0.24 M−1, 5-chlorouracil, 0.06 M−1 and 5-fluorouracil, 5.11 M−1. The kinetics of hydroxylamine addition to both 5-bromo-and 5-iodouracil are complex. At low hydroxylamine buffer concentrations, the rate constants are second-order with respect to hydroxylamine buffer but at higher concentration a first-order dependence is approached. Hydroxylamine elimination from 5-iodo-6-hydroxylamino-5,6-dihydrouracil is subject to general base catalysis by tris(hydroxy-methyl)aminomethane but at higher concentrations the rate constants are not proportional to the concentration of general base. This reaction is subject to solvent effects where increasing ethanol concentration depresses the rate when measured at constant pH. These kinetics can be rationalized in terms of a multistep reaction pathway in which hydroxylamine addition to C-6 of the halogenated uracil precedes general acid catalyzed proton transfer to C-5 yielding the final 6-hydroxylaminodihydropyrimidine product.