cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assignment of the Human Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and Transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) Genes to Chromosome 20q11.2

Transglutaminases (TGases) catalyze the formation of an isodipeptide crosslink in proteins, resulting in the formation of an insoluble macromolecular structure. There are five known and partially characterized TGase genes in the human haploid genome. We have now mapped two of these genes using both analysis of hybrid cell panels and chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization. Both genes segregated concordantly with human chromosome 20 and discordantly with all other human chromosomes. 13 refs., 1 fig.
Clinical evaluation of H1-receptor and H2-receptor antagonists for acute postoperative pain

The acute analgesic activity of an H1-histamine antagonist, terfenadine 60 mg, and an H2-histamine antagonist, ranitidine 150 mg, were compared with ibuprofen 600 mg and placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Treatments were administered to a total of 127 patients 1 hour before oral surgery. Analgesia was assessed every 30 minutes for 240 minutes after surgery. Analgesic efficacy was compared using the following standard pain intensity scales: visual analog scale, category, graphic rating, and global evaluation. Ibuprofen was significantly better than all other treatments for all measures of analgesic activity. The effects of terfenadine and ranitidine were similar to placebo. These data indicate that pretreatments with a single dose of a histamine receptor antagonist specific for either the H1- or H2-receptor does not produce analgesia in an oral surgery model of acute pain with overall assay sensitivity, suggesting that antihistamines that act primarily at peripheral sites are devoid of analgesic activity. These data contrast with other studies that have demonstrated analgesia using centrally acting antihistamines such as hydroxyzine, phenyltoloxamine, or orphenadrine.
Operational Analysis and Methods for Wind Integration Studies

Wind integration studies are increasingly important tools to estimate the impacts that the addition of large amounts of variable and uncertain generation will have on the electricity grid. As the number of these studies has increased in recent years, the sophistication of the methods and assumptions utilized has also increased. These methods have had to evolve with increasing penetration rates and to study changing research questions. In this work, the authors report on the state of the art in this area and make suggestions for improving the methods and assumptions used for cases with high levels of wind power.
A metaheuristic algorithm for project selection and scheduling with due windows and limited inventory capacity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective solution for a complex planning problem encountered in heavy industry. The problem entails selecting a set of projects to produce from a larger set of solicited projects and simultaneously scheduling their production to maximize profit. Each project has a due window inside of which, if accepted, it must be shipped. Additionally, there is a limited inventory buffer where lots produced early are stored. Because scheduling affects which projects may be selected and vice-versa, this is a particularly difficult combinatorial optimization problem. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop an algorithm based on the Metaheuristic for Randomized Priority Search (Meta-RaPS) as well as a greedy heuristic and an integer programming (IP) model. The authors then perform computational experiments on a large set of benchmark problems over a wide range of characteristics to compare the performance of each method in terms of solution quality and time re...
Prevention of vesicovaginal fistulas after laparoscopic hysterectomy with electrosurgical cystotomy in female mongrel dogs.

Abstract Objective Using a previously described animal model, we sought to compare 3 methods of double-layer cystotomy repair to each other and to single-layer repair in the prevention of vesicovaginal fistula formation. Study design Twenty-four female mongrels, which were divided into 3 groups, underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy followed by monopolar electrosurgical cystotomy. Group 1 had simple 2-layer cystotomy repair with interrupted 2-0 polyglactin sutures; group 2 had resection of tissue 5 mm beyond the visible electrosurgical burn margin followed by 2-layer closure, and group 3 had interposition of an omental flap after 2-layer closure. Animals were killed at least 27 days after the operation, and a careful evaluation for vesicovaginal fistulas was undertaken by retrograde bladder filling. Group results were compared with one another and to a historic control group of 8 dogs that had undergone cystotomy repair with single-layer closure. Results All groups were similar in preoperative and necropsy weight. Bladder perforation occurred in 1 dog in group 1 on postoperative day 3; necropsy revealed perforation in the area of electrosurgical thermal spread with intact sutures. No vesicovaginal fistulas were noted in any of the study dogs (0/23 dogs; 95% CI, 0-12.7%) compared with 2 of 8 dogs (25%) that underwent single-layer closure (95% CI, 0-55%; P =.06). Conclusion Double-layer repair appears to be superior to single-layer repair for the prevention of vesicovaginal fistulas after monopolar cystotomy. The benefit of electrosurgical burn margin excision or omental flap interposition remains unclear, but both are accomplished easily with little risk and may play a role in fistula prevention.
ACTH induced changes in tryptophan turnover along induceable pathways in man.

Metabolic correlates of glucocorticoid induction of enzymes in man studied in terms of ACTH INDUCED changes in tryptophan turnover along induceable pathways
Women's Unprotected Sex Intentions: Roles of Sexual Victimization, Intoxication, and Partner Perception

Sexually victimized women may make sexual decisions differently than nonvictimized women. This study used an eroticized scenario and laboratory alcohol administration to investigate the roles of victimization history, intoxication, and relationship context in women's perceptions of a male partner and their subsequent intentions for unprotected sex. A community sample of 436 women completed childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adolescent/adult sexual assault (ASA) measures. After random assignment to an alcohol or control condition, participants read and projected themselves into a sexual scenario that depicted the male partner as having high or low potential for a lasting relationship. Participants rated their perceptions of his intoxication, sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk level, and anticipated reactions to insistence on condom use. They then indicated their likelihood of allowing the partner to decide how far to go sexually (abdication) and of engaging in unprotected sex. Structural equation mode...
Community-based conservation results in the recovery of reef fish spawning aggregations in the Coral Triangle

Abstract In the Coral Triangle community-based marine protected areas (MPAs) are being established at a prolific rate. Their establishment can benefit both fisheries and biodiversity, and they provide both a socially and economically acceptable means of managing coral reefs in developing nations. However, because such MPAs are typically small (usually
Oxygen targeting in preterm infants: a physiological interpretation.

Randomized controlled trials evaluating low-target oxygen saturation (SpO2:85% to 89%) vs high-target SpO2 (91% to 95%) have shown variable results regarding mortality and morbidity in extremely preterm infants. Because of the variation inherent to the accuracy of pulse oximeters, the unspecified location of probe placement, the intrinsic relationship between SpO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and between SaO2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) (differences in oxygen dissociation curves for fetal and adult hemoglobin), the two comparison groups could have been more similar than dissimilar. The SpO2 values were in the target range for a shorter period of time than intended due to practical and methodological constraints. So the studies did not truly compare 'target SpO2 ranges'. In spite of this overlap, some of the studies did find significant differences in mortality prior to discharge, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe retinopathy of prematurity. These differences could potentially be secondary to time spent beyond the target range (SpO2 95%) and could be avoided with an intermediate but wider target SpO2 range (87% to 93%). In conclusion, significant uncertainty persists about the desired target range of SpO2 in extremely preterm infants. Further studies should focus on studying newer methods of assessing oxygenation and strategies to limit hypoxemia ( 95% SpO2).
A hydrophobic cluster forms early in the folding of dihydrofolate reductase.

The rapid kinetic phase that leads from unfolded species to transient folding intermediates in dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli was examined by site-directed mutagenesis and by physicochemical means. The absence of this fluorescence-detected phase in the refolding of the Trp-74Phe mutant protein strongly implies that this early phase in refolding can be assigned to just one of the five Trp residues in the protein, Trp-74. In addition, water-soluble fluorescence quenching agents, iodide and cesium, have a much less significant effect on this early step in refolding than on the slower phases that lead to native and nativelike conformers. These and other data imply that an important early event in the folding of dihydrofolate reductase is the formation of a hydrophobic cluster which protects Trp-74 fromsolvent.
Halide and sodium ion parameters for modeling aqueous solutions in TIP5P-Ew water

Abstract We present new Lennard-Jones parameters for the halide ions Cl − , Br − and I − and for the alkali ion Na + , to be used in combination with the TIP5P-Ew water model. Molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamics integration are used to obtain one set of parameters to reproduce the experimental hydration free energy, the ion–oxygen coordination number and the structure of the solvation layer. The reported parameters reproduce the experimental hydration free energies within the numerical uncertainty of the simulations and their prediction of structural quantities are in good agreement with experimental results. The diffusion coefficients are calculated as a further test: the obtained parameters provide a reasonable prediction of experimental diffusion coefficients.
Cellular and molecular determinants for the development of natural and induced regulatory T cells

Regulation of immune responses to self and foreign antigens is critically dependent on suppressive CD4+ T cells characterized by expression of Foxp3. The large majority of regulatory T (Treg) cells develop in the thymus as a stable suppressive lineage. However, under the proper physiological conditions, conventional peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes also develop into Treg cells, particularly in the gut mucosa and inflammatory tissue sites. This review will focus on our current understanding of the immunological and molecular signals controlling the development of thymic derived natural (n)Treg and peripheral converted induced (i)Treg cells. Given the importance of Foxp3 in the development of these cells, particular attention is placed on how such signals are integrated to induce and maintain the expression of this signature transcriptional regulator of Treg cells.
Microwave Detection of Finite Surface Cracks in Metals Using Rectangular Waveguides

Abstract An electromagnetic model for finite surface crack detection is developed and its results are compared with those of the existing long crack model and some experimental results to verify its integrity. An open-ended waveguide sensor is used to scan a metal surface with a crack in it. The crack is then modelled as a small waveguide being fed by a larger one. The presence of the crack causes higher order modes to be generated, which in turn influence the properties of the standing wave set up inside the waveguide. Strategic probing of the standing wave properties is used to indicate the presence of a crack (detection). The distribution of the tangential electric field on a metal surface is investigated. This is done to check whether the boundary conditions have been properly forced. The behavior of crack characteristic signals as a function of varying crack length and location within the sensor aperture is also studied. The possibility of using the phase of the reflection coefficient for crack detec...
STATISTICAL-FUZZY APPROACH TO QUANTIFY CUMULATIVE IMPACT OF CHANGE ORDERS

This paper presents a hybrid approach to quantify the impact of change orders on construction projects using statistical regression and fuzzy logic. There are many qualitative variables affecting the impact of change orders on labor productivity; statistical analysis falls short of addressing the fuzziness of those variables. Because of their complementary nature, fuzzy logic and regression analysis can be integrated; regression analysis is used to determine the membership functions of the input linguistic values. In this paper, each input variable is statistically treated before entering a general rule relating its space to the space of loss in labor productivity. The relative weight of each input variable is determined by its coefficient of determination (\iR²) value. The expected loss of labor productivity and its standard deviation are then determined from the output fuzzy membership function. The proposed methodology is general and can be applied in areas of system analysis and decision-making when a complex input-output function is to be predicted in the presence of some fuzzy knowledge and a large number of real input-output data.
Economic Growth and Popular Well-Being in Taiwan: a Time Series Examination of Some Preliminary Hypotheses:

During the past several decades economic growth has been agonizingly slow for most poor countries in the world. According to World Bank (1988: 222-23) estimates, the average annual rate of increase in the GNP per capita of the low-income countries has been 0.5 percent during 1965-96 (excluding China and India, whose average has been 3.7 percent). This figure is 2.6 percent for the socalled middle-income countries, and 2.8 percent for the upper-middle income countries. Some countries (e.g., Ghana, Jamaica, Liberia, Madagascar, Niger, Zaire, Zambia) even suffered a net decline in real GNP per capita during this period, featuring negative rates ranging from 2.2 to 1.4 percent. Although a select few (e.g., Botswana, Brazil, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia) in the developing world have achieved rapid economic growth, this achievement has often failed to produce social equaity or mass well-being. While the average income of these countries has increased sharply, their median income has not risen nearly as fast. Thus, the income gains from economic growth have trickled down very slowly to the masses; they have instead gone largely to a small elite. Income distribution has become less equal as a consequence. The phenomenon of "growth without development" also characterizes countries such as Brazil, where rapid economic growth has not been accompanied by comparable improvements in the physical
Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents on off-service rotation in cardiology, part 1

This article is the first of a two-part series outlining the objectives for emergency medicine residents on a cardiology rotation. Cardiology is offered as an off service rotation or an elective at some emergency medicine residency training programs. An organized core curriculum may provide a structured learning environment to help ensure that certain principles and objectives important to the practice of emergency medicine are learned. We have developed a written core curriculum containing a subject content list, learning objectives, and references for emergency medicine residents on cardiology services. This is the 28th in a series of objectives for off-service rotations for emergency medicine residents.
Design tradeoffs for tiled CMP on-chip networks

We develop detailed area and energy models for on-chip interconnection networks and describe tradeoffs in the design of efficient networks for tiled chip multiprocessors. Using these detailed models we investigate how aspects of the network architecture including topology, channel width, routing strategy, and buffer size affect performance and impact area and energy efficiency. We simulate the performance of a variety of on-chip networks designed for tiled chip multiprocessors implemented in an advanced VLSI process and compare area and energy efficiencies estimated from our models. We demonstrate that the introduction of a second parallel network can increase performance while improving efficiency, and evaluate different strategies for distributing traffic over the subnetworks. Drawing on insights from our analysis, we present a concentrated mesh topology with replicated subnetworks and express channels which provides a 24% improvement in area efficiency and a 48% improvement in energy efficiency over other networks evaluated in this study.
HORMONE-INDUCED REVERSAL OF COLOR CHANGE AND RELATED RESPIRATORY EFFECTS IN RIPENING APRICOT FRUITS

Preharvest applications of N6-benzyladenine and gibberellic acid caused a lowering of respiratory rates and a transient reversal in the color changes normally associated with the postharvest ripening of apricot fruits (Prunus armeniaca L.) Light transmission at 589 and 657 nm were used to detect color change. A physiological and metabolic link is implied by the close temporal coincidence of both the reversal in color change and the reversal in respiratory rate that occurs at the climacteric minimum. Postharvest treatments with the same phytohormones had generally similar but much less pronounced effects.
Local Economic Impacts of Tribal Casinos: The Minnesota Case

This study examined the economic effects of Native American casinos on their surrounding rural counties. The relationship between the presence of a casino and four measures of per capita income was analyzed using econometric methods. The study's data are from Minnesota, a state in which 16 casinos opened between 1990 and 1993. In their first two years (1990 and 1991), casinos were significantly correlated with an increase in income earned by workers in the eating and drinking industry, and somewhat correlated with income earned by hotel and amusement industry workers. They had no significant effect on overall per capita income in their counties.
Study of the curing of an acetylene‐terminated polyphenylene resin with thermal expansion measurements

The curing of an acetylene-terminated polyphenylene resin (Hercules H-Resin) was followed by thermal expansion measurements. This approach proved useful in optimizing the curing conditions of the resin. Curing the polymer in air led to the formation of carboxyl groups, whereas curing under nitrogen did not. The thermal expansion coefficient is a minimum (32 ppm deg−1) for a cure cycle of 250°C for 30 min, followed by 350°C for 30 min. Heating at temperatures above 350°C led to degradation of the crosslinked polymer and an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient.
Elective conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine in recipients with stable renal function 6 months after kidney transplantation.

Abstract The average cost of cyclosporine over the first 6 months after renal transplantation has been $2450/recipient for recipients with stable renal function. Fifty-nine percent of all patients transplanted in 1984 do not have a third-party payment mechanism for outpatient medicines and many cannot afford cyclosporine. The expense of cyclosporine has, thus, mandated developing a protocol for conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine. Using a protocol, which included a short overlap of cyclosporine and azathioprine and a temporary, modest increase in prednisone dose, 27 renal allograft recipients with stable renal function have undergone conversion of their immunosuppressive regimen approximately 6 months posttransplant with a minimum follow-up of 4 months from conversion. There has been no graft loss or patient death. Mean serum creatinine has been reduced in recipients with stable function after conversion (1.4 mg/dl 3 months post-conversion compared to 1.8 mg/dl perconversion). However, acute breakthrough rejection has occurred in four recipients (15%), and, after reversal of rejection, mean serum creatinine is elevated (3.1 mg/dl) in this group. Only a single patient developed an infection during the conversion period. Thus, a policy of conversion from azathioprine appears to be a reasonable compromise for those patients who cannot afford long-term outpatient treatment with cyclosporine.
Water loss in five species of lizards

1. 1. Response to desiccation of the lizards Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Callisaurus draconaides, Uma scoparia, Cnemidophorus tigris and Scelopoms occidentalis was studied under three different conditions of water availability: I—food and water, II—food only and III—no food or water. All species except S. occidentalis survived well under the first two conditions, supporting the general assumption that these desert lizards can balance water loss entirely from preformed water supplied in their diet. 2. 2. It is suggested that S. occidentalis must rely partially upon free water to balance its water budget. 3. 3. Water loss in the five species was examined in still, relatively dry air at 30°C. The total pulmonary and cutaneous water loss rates were (in mg g−1h−1): D. dorsalis—0·37, C. draconoides—0·40, U. scoparia—0·41, C. tigris—0·58 and S. occidentalis—1·34. Vital exsiccation limits ranged from 39 per cent (initial body weight) in S. occidentalis to 50 per cent in D. dorsalis. 4. 4. Rates of water loss correlate well with habitat aridity. The possibility of a correlation between vital limit and habitat aridity is also indicated. 5. 5. It is proposed that the absence of S. occidentalis from the desert is due primarily to its inability to cope with problems of water balance in the extremely arid environment.
Distance education is as effective as traditional education when teaching food safety

A food safety and sanitation course was developed and administered using two different educational methods: traditional classroom style and distance education via CD-ROM and the Internet. A research project studied the differences between participants taking the distance education course and those taking the traditional course. Success of the participants was evaluated using several different measures: comparison of pre-/post-test, pass/fail of a United States nationally recognized food safety examination, and test score of the United States national food safety examination. Fifty individuals participated in the study: n = 22 in the traditional group and n = 28 in the distance education group. Data were analyzed using Statistical Power for the Social Sciences (SPSS). All participants took the nationally recognized food safety examination. Bivariate analyses revealed no significant association between the method of education and the national examination score. The data indicate that more highly educated people may choose a distance education course. Number of years employed in food service significantly influenced test scores among all participants. Distance participants who passed spent more time using the CD-ROM (57% spent > 10 h) compared to those who failed (25% spent > 10 h). The audio and Internet components were more useful to those who passed. Participants who passed in both groups were more likely to list English as their primary language (100%). Of those who failed, 26% listed a language other than English as primary. Data indicate that distance education is a viable method of training food service professionals in food safety and sanitation. The Distance Education Course is available through the University of Connecticut and may be accessed at http://www.team.uconn.edu/foodsafety_course/index.htm. Distance education courses in food safety are available in English, Spanish, and Vietnamese. The project was funded in part by a United States Department of Agriculture Integrated Food Safety Grant.
The measurement of cadmium in biological materials, using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction.

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal and probable carcinogen in humans, appears to have potential anti-cancer activity in pre-clinical systems. This observation led us to develop a method for measuring cellular Cd and DNA-bound Cd following micromolar exposures to cadmium dichloride. Cultured human ovarian cancer cell lines were used. Following low level exposures to cadmium dichloride (CdCl 2 ), atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction was used to measure total cell associated Cd in wet-ashed cells, and the lower limits of detection was at 100 pg of Cd per 10 6 cells. In cellular DNA isolated by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, levels of 1.5 Cd lesions (Cd molecules) per 10 6 nucleotides were reproducibly detected. Standard curves with 'spiked' samples yielded 76.4±6.7% recovery when using picogram quantities of Cd. Manipulation of the total amount of biological material used, can further improve detection limits. Thus, this method is suitable for the detection of Cd in biological matrixes after low levels of Cd exposure, and shows good performance in terms of the level of sensitivity and reproducibility.
Dynamic imaging of arginine-rich heart-targeted vehicles in a mouse model

Efficacious delivery of drugs and genes to the heart is an important goal. Here, a radiolabeled peptide-targeted liposome was engineered to bind to the heart, and the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics were determined by dynamic positron emission tomography in the FVB mouse. Efficient targeting occurred only with an exposed ligand and a dense concentration of peptide (6000 peptides/particles). Liposomes targeted with CRPPR or other arginine-rich peptides with an exposed guanidine moiety bound within 100 s after intravenous injection and remained stably bound. With CRPPR-targeted particles, the radioisotope density in the heart averaged 44 +/- 9% injected dose/gram of tissue, more than 30-fold higher than in skeletal muscle. The rapid and efficient targeting of these particles can be exploited in drug and gene delivery systems and with dynamic positron emission tomography provides a model system to optimize targeting of engineered particles.
Spin Flop, Supersolids, and Bicritical and Tetracritical Points

A scaling theory is introduced for bicritical points, such as antiferromagnetic spinflop points (with analogies to the upper $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ point in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$), where two distinct critical lines meet. Experimentally testable predictions follow from renormalization-group calculations which indicate that the bicritical exponents should be Heisenberg like for systems with $n\ensuremath{\le}3$ components; the crossover exponent $\ensuremath{\varphi}(\ensuremath{\simeq}1.25 \mathrm{for} n=3)$ is directly observable. For $ng3$ an intermediate ("supersolid") low-temperature phase may appear, the bicritical point then becoming tetracritical.
Employment and Drowsy Driving: A Survey of American Workers

Drowsy driving is a major public health problem in the United States. Employment characteristics affect sleep, yet little is known about relationships between employment variables and drowsy driving. This study examined employment correlates (specifically, hours worked per week and shift work) and rates of self-reported drowsy driving, falling asleep while driving, and traffic crashes due to sleepiness in 1,000 employed adults who completed a telephone survey conducted by the National Sleep Foundation. Working > 40 hr per week and shift work were associated with increased risk for drowsy driving (ps ≤ .05). Odds ratios for falling asleep behind the wheel were higher in shift workers with symptoms of insomnia or excessive sleepiness relative to day workers and shift workers without sleep complaints (p ≤ .05).
Quartic-Scaling Analytical Energy Gradient of Scaled Opposite-Spin Second-Order Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory.

The analytical gradient of the “scaled opposite spin” (SOS-) and “modified opposite spin” (MOS-) second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) methods is derived and implemented. Both energy and the first derivative can be evaluated efficiently with a fourth-order scaling algorithm by using a combination of auxiliary basis expansions and Laplace transformation techniques as opposed to the traditional fifth-order approach of MP2. A statistical analysis of 178 small molecules suggests that the new gradient scheme provides geometries of MP2 quality, indicating the reliability of the method in general chemical applications. A more specific study of the group VI transition metal carbonyl complexes indicates that the new scheme improves the MP2 description relative to available experimental data and higher-order theories. The proposed gradient scheme thus endeavors to obtain improved structural features at reduced computational cost.
Discovery of uniform multicarrier frameworks for multiple-access technologies

Multi-carrier technologies are emerging as a considerable force in the wireless world. OFDM charges ahead, with MC-CDMA close behind. However, as this tutorial demonstrates, multi- carrier technologies are not limited to OFDM and MC-CDMA. By application of Carrier Interferometry (CI) principles, we create CI/TDMA and CI/DS-CDMA, multi-carrier implementations of existing TDMA and DS-CDMA technologies. These implementations enable significant improvements in both performance and network capacity. Specifically, we double the network capacity of existing TDMA and DS-CDMA system and simultaneously outperform their traditional implementations. Of course, the benefits of Carrier Interferometry are not limited to TDMA and DS-CDMA: It also significantly improves the existing MC-CDMA and OFDM multi-carrier systems. What emerges is a very powerful technology that creates a common multi-carrier architecture for DS-CDMA, TDMA, OFDM, and MC- CDMA, bridging the hardware gap between the world's most promising technology, all the while enhancing network capacity and probability of error performance.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Absorption studies of polymer-dye films oriented by corona poling

In this letter we describe the corona poling of thin films of a guest-host material and the use of ordinary linear-optical absorption to monitor the orientational order and its temporal decay. Disperse orange 3 (DO3) was used as the guest for the polymer host poly(methyl methacrylate) (pmma)
Tribal regimes in academia: a comparative analysis of market structure across disciplines ☆

Abstract A systematic comparative analysis of the market structure in various academic disciplines—in terms of the pattern of “buying” and “selling” of new Ph.D.’s—is presented. Based on the parameters estimated to delineate the macro-structural features along the dimensions of differentiation and integration, I show that embeddedness permeates unevenly across different domains, and locate the disciplinary regimes in a map along with their expected operational outcomes. The emerging pictures show a common organizing principle—“the prestige principle”—across the disciplines in their broad outlines, yet they differ significantly from one another in that the regimes that are characterized by clear hierarchy and tight solidarity are the ones in which the workings of the prestige principle are the most efficacious.
Production of 82Sr by proton irradiation of RbCl

Abstract The production of 82 Sr from proton irradiation of natural RbCl targets has been investigated. Protons of 84-51 MeV from the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer have been used to prepare up to 24.2 GBq of 82 Sr per target. Chemical isolation of Sr was accomplished with ion exchange on Chelex 100 with an average recovery of 83%. At shipment the 83 Sr/ 82 Sr ratio was 85 Sr/ 82 Sr ratio was
Thermodynamics of proton dissociation from aqueous 1-propanoic and 1-butanoic acids at temperatures 278.15⩽(T/K)⩽393.15 and pressure p=0.35 MPa: apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of aqueous solutions of the acids and their sodium salts

Abstract We have determined apparent molar volumes Vφ and apparent molar heat capacities Cp,φ for aqueous solutions of 1-propanoic acid and 1-butanoic acid and of their sodium salts. Molalities m ranged from 1.0 to 0.01 mol · kg −1 and temperatures T ranged from 278.15 K to 393.15 K at a constant pressure of p=0.35 MPa. Density measurements from a vibrating-tube densimeter (DMA 512P, Anton Paar, Austria) were used to obtain Vφ values. A twin fixed-cell, power-compensation, differential-output, temperature-scanning calorimeter (NanoDSC 6100, Calorimetry Sciences Corporation, American Fork, UT, USA) was used to obtain Cp,φ values. We used regressions to empirical equations to describe (Vφ,m,T) and (Cp,φ,m,T) for each solute. Extrapolation of the fitted surfaces to the m=0 mol · kg −1 plane gave standard partial molar volumes V20 and heat capacities C0p,2. We have used literature values of Vφ and Cp,φ for aqueous NaCl, HCl, and NaOH solutions to calculate estimated ΔrVm and ΔrCp,m values for the volume and heat capacity changes for proton dissociation from each carboxylic acid as functions of m and T. We then determined the ionization enthalpies ΔrHm and equilibrium molality quotients Qa for these dissociations as functions of m and T by integrating (ΔrCp,m,m,T).
Positive solutions of multiparameter semipositone p-Laplacian problems

We obtain multiple positive solutions of multiparameter semipositone p-Laplacian problems using the sub- and supersolution method and the mountain pass lemma.
Fusobacterium nucleatum-associated β-Defensin Inducer (FAD-I) IDENTIFICATION, ISOLATION, AND FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION

Human β-defensins (hBDs) are small, cationic antimicrobial peptides, secreted by mucosal epithelial cells that regulate adaptive immune functions. We previously reported that Fusobacterium nucleatum, a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium of the human oral cavity, induces human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) upon contact with primary oral epithelial cells. We now report the isolation and characterization of an F. nucleatum (ATCC 25586)-associated defensin inducer (FAD-I). Biochemical approaches revealed a cell wall fraction containing four proteins that stimulated the production of hBD2 in human oral epithelial cells (HOECs). Cross-referencing of the N-terminal sequences of these proteins with the F. nucleatum genome revealed that the genes encoding the proteins were FadA, FN1527, FN1529, and FN1792. Quantitative PCR of HOEC monolayers challenged with Escherichia coli clones expressing the respective cell wall proteins revealed that FN1527 was most active in the induction of hBD2 and hence was termed FAD-I. We tagged FN1527 with a c-myc epitope on the C-terminal end to identify and purify it from the E. coli clone. Purified FN1527 (FAD-I) induced hBD2 mRNA and protein expression in HOEC monolayers. F. nucleatum cell wall and FAD-I induced hBD2 via TLR2. Porphorymonas gingivalis, an oral pathogen that does not induce hBD2 in HOECs, was able to significantly induce expression of hBD2 in HOECs only when transformed to express FAD-I. FAD-I or its derivates offer a potentially new paradigm in immunoregulatory therapeutics because they may one day be used to bolster the innate defenses of vulnerable mucosae.
PC/NT-based PACS display workstation with ATM and DICOM connectivity

We have developed a portable DICOM-compliant low- cost PC NT- based display workstation with Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Ethernet connectivity to Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). This paper describes the hardware components and software system of the workstation, and compares the performance of ATM and Ethernet connectivity in the workstation. The display workstation consists of a DOME Md2/PCI board, two 1,600 X 1,280 resolution monitors, and an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) OC-3 communication board. Implemented software includes: (1) a DICOM server, which automatically receives images from the DICOM-compliant PACS Controller: (2) a patient folder manager, which incorporates the local database to group multiple studies from individual patients; (3) a sophisticated display program with automatic image pre-processing functions, such as pre-set window and level; and (4) a DICOM query and retrieve services to retrieve images from DICOM-compliant archive. The display workstation demonstrates that: (1) the PC/NT-based display workstation is 100% DICOM-compliant. (2) DICOM query and retrieve services support convenient multi-level retrieval of historical images from PACS archive. (3) Integration of DICOM and ATM into the display workstation facilities and speeds up image communication. (4) Patient folder management provides hierarchical image storage for individual patients, which consequently facilitates review of image. This paper demonstrates that the PC/NT based full-functioned display workstation can be implemented cost-effectively for PACS applications.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The resolution on trade publishing discounts: Not apple pie and mom

(1984). The resolution on trade publishing discounts: Not apple pie and mom. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 91-93.
Evaporative Cooling of Water in a Small Vessel Under Varying Ambient Humidity

Evaporative cooling of water in a small porous clay vessel was studied under controlled humidity conditions. In steady-state experiments performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C, the cooling effect increased from 4.7 to 8.3 °C as the ambient relative humidity decreased from 60 to 15%. External heat and mass transfer coefficients, estimated from the steady-state measurements, were used in mathematical models to predict the experimentally observed transient temperature variation of the water under ramp changes of the ambient relative humidity. With a prototypical cool chamber containing water tested in Kolkata, India under an ambient temperature of 34.5–35 °C, the cooling effect reached a maximum of 7 °C between 3 and 3:30 PM and then declined to 4.5 °C around 6 PM.
Compensatory Mutations in Predicted Metal Transporters Modulate Auxin Conjugate Responsiveness in Arabidopsis

Levels of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) can be altered by the formation and hydrolysis of IAA conjugates. The isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with reduced IAA-conjugate sensitivity and wild-type IAA responses is advancing the understanding of auxin homeostasis by uncovering the factors needed for conjugate metabolism. For example, the discovery that the IAA-Ala-resistant mutant iar1 is defective in a protein in the ZIP family of metal transporters uncovered a link between metal homeostasis and IAA-conjugate sensitivity. To uncover additional factors impacting auxin conjugate metabolism, we conducted a genetic modifier screen and isolated extragenic mutations that restored IAA-amino acid conjugate sensitivity to the iar1 mutant. One of these suppressor mutants is defective in a putative cation diffusion facilitator, MTP5 (At3g12100; formerly known as MTPc2). Loss of MTP5 function restored IAA conjugate sensitivity to iar1 but not to mutants defective in IAA-amino acid conjugate amidohydrolases. Our results are consistent with a model in which MTP5 and IAR1 transport metals in an antagonistic fashion to regulate metal homeostasis within the subcellular compartment in which the IAA-conjugate amidohydrolases reside, and support previous suggestions that the ion composition in this compartment influences hydrolase activity.
A population-based survey of prostate-specific antigen testing among California men at higher risk for prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND Despite the lack of evidence demonstrating a survival benefit from prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, its use has become widespread, organizations have encouraged physicians to discuss early detection of prostate carcinoma, and two higher risk groups have been recognized. In the current study, the authors examined whether African-American men and men who had a family history of prostate carcinoma underwent PSA testing preferentially, and patterns of test use were examined according to age, race, and other factors. METHODS Data regarding self-reported PSA test use in the past year among men age 50 years and older without a history of prostate carcinoma (n = 8713 men) were analyzed from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey. RESULTS The overall rate of PSA use was 43.0%. Older age, higher socioeconomic status, having a usual source of healthcare, and a family history of prostate carcinoma were the strongest predictors of testing. Higher risk African-American men age 50 years and older were no more likely to be tested than white men. Men at higher risk who had a family history of prostate carcinoma were more likely to have been tested than men who had no such family history. CONCLUSIONS Rates of PSA use among higher risk men who had a family history of prostate carcinoma were higher compared with the rates among men without such a family history. However, PSA testing rates among higher risk African-American men were no different than the rates among lower risk white men, suggesting that some risk factors for prostate carcinoma (but not others) are associated with preferential testing. Testing in all groups was associated with access to care variables, highlighting the importance of removing barriers to preventive healthcare services. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Reduced Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated with a Public Smoking Ban: Matched Controlled Study

There has been no research linking implementation of a public smoking ban and reduced incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among nonsmoking patients. An ex post facto matched control group study was conducted to determine whether there was a change in hospital admissions for AMI among nonsmoking patients after a public smoking ban was implemented in Monroe County compared with Delaware County, Indiana without such a ban. Poisson analysis was conducted for 44 months of hospital admissions. A significant drop occurred in the number of admissions among nonsmoking patients in Monroe County after the ban whereas a nonsignificant decrease in the number of admissions occurred in Delaware County. The changes in the number of smoking-patient admissions before and after the ban were not significant.
A Comparative Study of Ethylene Growth Response Kinetics in Eudicots and Monocots Reveals a Role for Gibberellin in Growth Inhibition and Recovery

Time-lapse imaging of dark-grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls has revealed new aspects about ethylene signaling. This study expands upon these results by examining ethylene growth response kinetics of seedlings of several plant species. Although the response kinetics varied between the eudicots studied, all had prolonged growth inhibition for as long as ethylene was present. In contrast, with continued application of ethylene, white millet (Panicum miliaceum) seedlings had a rapid and transient growth inhibition response, rice (Oryza sativa ‘Nipponbare’) seedlings had a slow onset of growth stimulation, and barley (Hordeum vulgare) had a transient growth inhibition response followed, after a delay, by a prolonged inhibition response. Growth stimulation in rice correlated with a decrease in the levels of rice ETHYLENE INSENSTIVE3-LIKE2 (OsEIL2) and an increase in rice F-BOX DOMAIN AND LRR CONTAINING PROTEIN7 transcripts. The gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol caused millet seedlings to have a prolonged growth inhibition response when ethylene was applied. A transient ethylene growth inhibition response has previously been reported for Arabidopsis ethylene insensitive3-1 (ein3-1) eil1-1 double mutants. Paclobutrazol caused these mutants to have a prolonged response to ethylene, whereas constitutive GA signaling in this background eliminated ethylene responses. Sensitivity to paclobutrazol inversely correlated with the levels of EIN3 in Arabidopsis. Wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings treated with paclobutrazol and mutants deficient in GA levels or signaling had a delayed growth recovery after ethylene removal. It is interesting to note that ethylene caused alterations in gene expression that are predicted to increase GA levels in the ein3-1 eil1-1 seedlings. These results indicate that ethylene affects GA levels leading to modulation of ethylene growth inhibition kinetics.
Bacteria use type IV pili to walk upright and detach from surfaces.

Bacterial biofilms are structured multicellular communities involved in a broad range of infections. Knowing how free-swimming bacteria adapt their motility mechanisms near surfaces is crucial for understanding the transition between planktonic and biofilm phenotypes. By translating microscopy movies into searchable databases of bacterial behavior, we identified fundamental type IV pili–driven mechanisms for Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface motility involved in distinct foraging strategies. Bacteria stood upright and “walked” with trajectories optimized for two-dimensional surface exploration. Vertical orientation facilitated surface detachment and could influence biofilm morphology.
Analysis of rice blast resistance gene Pi - z in rice germplasm using pathogenicity assays and DNA markers

The Pi-z gene in rice confers resistance to a wide range of races of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The objective of this study was to characterize Pi-z in 111 rice germplasm accessions using DNA markers and pathogenicity assays. The existence of Pi-z in rice germplasm was detected by using four simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (RM527, AP4791, AP5659-1, AP5659-5) closely linked to Pi-z, and was verified using pathogenicity assays with an avirulent strain (IE1k) and two virulent races (IB33 and IB49). Among 111 germplasm accessions evaluated, 73 were found to contain the Pi-z gene using both SSR markers and pathogenicity assays. The remaining 38 germplasm accessions were found to be inconsistent in their responses to the blast races IB33, IEIk and IB49 with expected SSR marker alleles, suggesting the presence of unexpected SSR alleles and additional R gene(s). These characterized germplasm can be used for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding for improving blast resistance in rice.
Achievable resolution from images of biological specimens acquired from a 4k × 4k CCD camera in a 300-kV electron cryomicroscope

Bacteriorhodopsin and epsilon 15 bacteriophage were used as biological test specimens to evaluate the potential structural resolution with images captured from a 4k x 4k charge-coupled device (CCD) camera in a 300-kV electron cryomicroscope. The phase residuals computed from the bacteriorhodopsin CCD images taken at 84,000x effective magnification averaged 15.7 degrees out to 5.8-A resolution relative to Henderson's published values. Using a single-particle reconstruction technique, we obtained an 8.2-A icosahedral structure of epsilon 15 bacteriophage with the CCD images collected at an effective magnification of 56,000x. These results demonstrate that it is feasible to retrieve biological structures to a resolution close to 2/3 of the Nyquist frequency from the CCD images recorded in a 300-kV electron cryomicroscope at a moderately high but practically acceptable microscope magnification.