cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing inference in fuzzy database systems

This paper deals with inference in fuzzy relational databases. It focuses on functional dependencies (FDs) and defines the important notion of a fuzzy inference channel. The analysis is performed using a special abstract model which captures and articulates subjective equivalences underlying fuzziness. Core database integrity properties are defined for the abstract model. They preserve a vital link to the classical model and to existing fuzzy relational database model. The link increases the utility of the inference formalism in applications such as database security and knowledge discovery; these applications are discussed in the context of fuzzy relational databases. >
Systems integration & testing challenges for generation optical transport networks (NGOTNs)

In this paper, we discuss systems integration & testing challenges for NGOTNs. After an overview of the architecture, we discuss the issues we have experienced in the course of our evaluations. We end with recommendations to the vendor community.
Neurons of the median neuroblast lineage of the grasshopper: a population study of the efferent DUM neurons.

A group of lineally related neurons in the grasshopper was studied to determine the number of efferent neurons in the group and their morphological types. The neurons arise from the median neuroblast of the third thoracic neuromere and comprise what is commonly known as the DUM or dorsal unpaired median group. Of some 92 neurons in the group, about 20 are efferent neurons, the remainder being local or intersegmental interneurons. As part of our continuing developmental studies, we wished to identify the efferent neurons within the lineage and to determine their number. Ten efferent DUM neurons had been described in earlier studies, where neurons were stained individually through microelectrodes. The remaining unidentified neurons might be novel types, multiples of known types, or both, possibilities that would not be readily distinguished through further staining of neurons individually. Rather, we used methods of retrograde staining and axon tracing that allowed us to examine the entire group of efferent DUM neurons. Nineteen efferent neurons were identified, comprising two DUM1s, five DUM3s, six DUM3,4s, three DUM3,4,5s, and three DUM5s, neurons were named according to the lateral nerves containing their axons. The efferent neurons were further divided by type according to the distribution of axonal branches in lateral nerves, the course of the primary neurite within the deep or superficial DUM tract, and the diameter of the cell body. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Three new bioactive bis-adjacent THF-ring acetogenins from the bark of Annona squamosa

Continuing work on the bioactivity-directed fractionation of the bark of Annona squamosa has resulted in the discovery of three new Annonaceous acetogenins, (2,4-cis and trans)-squamolinone (1), (2,4-cis and trans)-9-oxoasimicinone (2), and bullacin B (3). Compounds 1-3 are all adjacent bis-THF ring acetogenins with 2 representing the first bis-ring acetogenin to contain a carbonyl along its aliphatic chain. Compound 3 was selectively cytotoxic in a panel of six human tumor cell lines with a potency of nearly a million times that of adriamycin against the MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line.
A Hospital-wide Quality-Improvement Collaborative to Reduce Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CA BSIs) are associated with increased hospital length of stay, total hospital costs, and mortality. Quality-improvement collaboratives (QICs) are frequently used to improve health care quality. Our PICU was previously involved in a successful national QIC to reduce the incidence of CA BSI in critically ill children. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the formation of a hospital-wide QIC would reduce the incidence of CA BSI throughout our institution. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the incidence of CA BSI from March 2006 to March 2010. The collaborative approach included hospital-wide implementation of central-line insertion and maintenance bundles that emphasized full sterile barrier precautions and chlorhexidine skin preparation during line insertion, daily discussion of catheter necessity, and meticulous site and tubing care. The hospital units involved were our 3 critical care units, the oncology unit, the bone marrow transplant unit, and wards. Each individual unit was responsible for collecting unit-specific data and performing event-cause analysis within 48 hours of identifying a CA BSI. These results were shared with the other hospital units during monthly meetings. Compliance with the insertion and maintenance bundles was monitored and reported to each unit monthly. RESULTS: The hospital-wide CA-BSI rate decreased from a baseline of 3.0 to CONCLUSIONS: Our hospital-wide QIC resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of CA BSI at our children9s hospital. A collaborative model based on improvement science methodology is both feasible and effective in reducing the incidence of CA BSI.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE14 gene encodes a methyltransferase that mediates C-terminal methylation of a-factor and RAS proteins.

Abstract Post-translational processing of a distinct group of proteins and polypeptides, including the a-factor mating pheromone and RAS proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, results in the formation of a modified C-terminal cysteine that is S-isoprenylated and alpha-methyl esterified. We have shown previously that a membrane-associated enzymatic activity in yeast can mediate in vitro methylation of an isoprenylated peptide substrate and that this methyltransferase activity is absent in ste14 mutants. We demonstrate here that STE14 is the structural gene for this enzyme by expression of its product as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli, an organism in which this activity is lacking. We also show that a-factor, RAS1 and RAS2 are physiological methyl-accepting substrates for this enzyme by demonstrating that these proteins are not methylated in a ste14 null mutant. It is notable that cells lacking STE14 methyltransferase activity exhibit no detectable impairment of RAS function or cell viability. However, we did observe a kinetic delay in the rate of RAS2 maturation and a slight decrease in the amount of membrane localized RAS2. Thus, methylation does not appear to be essential for RAS2 maturation or localization, but the lack of methylation can have subtle effects on the efficiency of these processes.
Survey on Modeling and Visualization of Plant Leaf Color

This paper attempts to provide a survey of research on the modeling and visualization of plant leaf color, including the physiologic mechanism for the changing of leaf color, simulation of leaf color purely based on computer graphics and the visualization of leaf color based on the physiology mechanism. Some key issues in applications are also discussed. Perspectives for future research are given in the end. This paper is expected to provide a beneficial reference for the research and applications of virtual plants.
Geometrically necessary twins in bending of a magnesium alloy

Abstract Evidence for the formation of geometrically necessary twins (GNTs), or twins that accommodate a strain gradient in a multi-axial stress state, in quasi-static, room temperature three-point bending of a rolled magnesium alloy is presented. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed that { 10 1 ¯ 2 } 10 1 ¯ 1 ¯ > extension twins (rather than { 10 1 ¯ 1 } 10 1 ¯ 2 ¯ > contraction twins) form in arcs in the tension zone, and that twinned grains have very low Schmid factors. The main tensile stress component in the tension zone was nearly perpendicular to the c-axis of the parent grains. The mechanism for such unusual twinning behavior was analyzed from the perspective of strain components that are generated by { 10 1 ¯ 2 } 10 1 ¯ 1 ¯ > twinning. After twinning, an extension strain component along the c-axis and a contraction strain component perpendicular to the c-axis of the parent lattice are generated simultaneously due to the misfit between the parent and the twin lattice. The contraction strain component by twinning provided an extra strain accommodation for the compressive strain in the tension zone produced by the bending, despite the fact that the local stress state strongly disfavored the { 10 1 ¯ 2 } 10 1 ¯ 1 ¯ > twinning. Thus, the { 10 1 ¯ 2 } 10 1 ¯ 1 ¯ > twins in the arcs in the tension zone of the bent specimen present the characteristic of being geometrically necessary, similar to geometrically necessary dislocations and boundaries.
Algorithms and design strategies towards automated glycoproteomics analysis

Glycoproteomics involves the study of glycosylation events on protein sequences ranging from purified proteins to whole proteome scales. Understanding these complex post-translational modification (PTM) events requires elucidation of the glycan moieties (monosaccharide sequences and glycosidic linkages between residues), protein sequences, as well as site-specific attachment of glycan moieties onto protein sequences, in a spatial and temporal manner in a variety of biological contexts. Compared with proteomics, bioinformatics for glycoproteomics is immature and many researchers still rely on tedious manual interpretation of glycoproteomics data. As sample preparation protocols and analysis techniques have matured, the number of publications on glycoproteomics and bioinformatics has increased substantially; however, the lack of consensus on tool development and code reuse limits the dissemination of bioinformatics tools because it requires significant effort to migrate a computational tool tailored for one method design to alternative methods. This review discusses algorithms and methods in glycoproteomics, and refers to the general proteomics field for potential solutions. It also introduces general strategies for tool integration and pipeline construction in order to better serve the glycoproteomics community. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:475-498, 2017.
Multi-object tracking and identity management in wireless sensor networks

The multi-object tracking problem is hard because sensor data has to be associated with specific objects. This is the well known data association problem, which is known to be NP-hard. As a result, all extant algorithms are heuristics and there always exists a finite probability that the tracking system will be confused about the identities of objects after a data association algorithm is applied. We call this issue an identity swapping. To fix the problem, we propose a mathematical framework where the goal is to augment sub-optimal data association algorithms by maintaining a probability distribution over the set of possible identities, thus providing an identity management framework. In identity management, the probability distribution on identities is updated by two events—object mixing caused by objects being in proximity and local evidence incorporation from sensor nodes. Maintaining the full distribution, however, can be computationally infeasible and is often unnecessary—considering that in practice the information provided by this distribution is accessed only in certain stylized ways, such as asking for the identity of a given track, or the track with a given identity. Exploiting this observation, we propose two approximate representations called the marginal belief matrix and the information matrix , and respectively introduce two update operations for both approximations when mixing and local evidence events happen. We analyze and compare the computational complexities of the proposed approximations, and show that these methods provide efficient approximations and exhibit a tradeoff between the two update operations. For their distributed implementation in a wireless sensor network, we propose an agent-based architecture and demonstrate its feasibility by a discrete event-driven simulator we designed for wireless sensor network applications. Based on experimental results from a real-time people tracking system, we conclude that the proposed methods can efficiently fix artifacts of the standard sub-optimal data association algorithms.
On the Odd, or Tissue-Paper, Beetle Supposed to be Thylodrias Contractus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

This odd scavenger is a minute dermestid beetle breeding annually and subsisting only on dried animal matter, in association with man. It probably degenerated into its present wingless and almost grublike form from a winged, free-living form, and became dependent for survival upon constant replenishment of waste animal food about the permanent den of some predator, perhaps man, in arid, cool-temperate Asia. It is recorded from Tiflis, Transcaucasia 1839, Provinces of Astrakhan and Turkestan 1894, New York 1903, Milwaukee 1908, St. Petersburg, Russia 1909, Egypt 1921, Canada 1932, Chicago 1933, and Texas and Minnesota 1939. It is probably now cosmopolitan but is not so recorded, as few observers recognize its inconspicuous adults. Discrepancies in recorded and actual characters leave its identification as Thylodrias contractus still uncertain, but the names Ignotus aenigmaticus and Hospitopterus efflatouni have been given to our pest, and the emendation Thelydrias was proposed to supplant Thylodrias . More than 40 years' experience with and interest in this museum pest which now infests houses, prompts the following discussion. Adoption of “tissue-paper beetle” as its common name would be unfortunate, since it is based on a misconception arising from the finding of stray individuals crawling onto this conspicuous background from their actual breeding place. Tissue paper seems to be of no importance in its ecology. A bibliography is appended.
A Marketing Model for Short-term Prediction of Consumer Sales:

This article is a nontechnical description of a generalized marketing model from the point of view of the manufacturer of nondurable goods, one who does not fully control his own distribution syste...
Status of infection and resistance of methicillin-resitant Staphylococcus in children

Objective To analyze the status of infection and resistance of methicillin-resitant Staphylococcus(MRS) from isolates in children,giving a help in the treatment of infection of MRS. Methods Vitex-32 automicroscan GPI and GPS cards were used to identify the specimen and conduct drug-susceptibility test,and to detect β-lactamase.MRS were identified based on new criteria published in NCCLS 2004. Results All 101 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated from all specimen.The isolated rate of MRS was 79.2% and β-lactamase 92.1%.The positive rates of β-lactamases of MRS and MSS were 100% and 61.9%.The drug-resistance rates of MRCNS and β-lactamase-productive strains were remarkblely higher than MSCNS and β-lactamase-unproductive strains.All the MRS strains were highly resistant to β-lactamase antibiotics tested,and were highly sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion MRS strains have become major pathogenic bacteria in pediatric infection,especially MRCNS should be paid more attention.MRS strains show highly resistant to β-lactamase antibiotics tested,so antibiotics should be used reasonably to control the infection caused by these bacteria.
Derect Determination of Se in Salt by Hydridegeneration-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer

To develop a method for Derect determination of Se in salt by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometer-AFS.RSD's obtained were 1.7% . Recoveries were in the range of 98.2%～101.0%. The method is found to be fast and accurate. Therefore,it can be used for Derect determination of Se in salt.
Research on risk factors of severe hand foot and mouth disease

[Objective]To explore the risk factors of severe hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD),provide a scientific basis for future prevention and treatment against the disease.[Methods]HFMD cases occurred during 2010-2011 in Haidian District of Beijing were investigated.56 severe cases(the case group) and ordinary cases(the control group) were selected,and the data of case report cards were used in the case-control study.The univariate and multivariate logistic regression was adopted to research the risk factors of severe HFMD.[Results]Univariate analysis showed that there were no significant differences in gender,age,virus type,the first-visited hospital between severe case group and the control group(P 0.05).The differences in admission status and visit time were significant(P 0.05),which indicated that they might be the risk factors of severe HFMD.Multivariate analysis showed that admission status,visit time,visited hospitals were the risk factors of severe HFMD(P 0.05),and severe HFMD was not related to household registration,age and virus type(P 0.05).[Conclusion]The environmental health conditions of nurseries and schools have great impact on the occurrence of severe HFMD.Disease prevention and control institutions should conduct health education among parents and schools,and the suspicious patients should be treated promptly.The institutions without the capacity to diagnose and treat the disease should transfer the patients to other hospitals,to avoid adverse effect by the illness.
Arcs, angles, or areas: individual data encodings in pie and donut charts

Pie and donut charts have been a hotly debated topic in the visualization community for some time now. Even though pie charts have been around for over 200 years, our understanding of the perceptual factors used to read data in them is still limited. Data is encoded in pie and donut charts in three ways: arc length, center angle, and segment area. For our first study, we designed variations of pie charts to test the importance of individual encodings for reading accuracy. In our second study, we varied the inner radius of a donut chart from a filled pie to a thin outline to test the impact of removing the central angle. Both studies point to angle being the least important visual cue for both charts, and the donut chart being as accurate as the traditional pie chart.
Uniformity issues in the manufacture of large-aperture liquid-crystal wave plates

Wave plates are used in laser applications to manipulate the state of polarization of optical radiation. The OMEGA Upgrade at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, a 60 beam Nd:glass laser system currently under construction, requires 60 wave plates with circular clear apertures of 180 mm and 105 wave plates with circular dear apertures of 115 mm. Large-aperture, high quality solid crystalline wave plates are both difficult to obtain and extremely expensive. The liquid-crystal wave plate (LCW) offers an alternative, being conveniently fabricated from two precision polished optical flats and an inexpensive nematic liquid-crystal fluid. Important issues for the manufacture of this device are fabrication to required specifications and laser-damage resistance.
ACTG (AIDS Clinical Trials Group) 384: A Strategy Trial Comparing Consecutive Treatments for HIV-1

Abstract ACTG (AIDS Clinical Trials Group) 384 is designed to evaluate different strategies for antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1-infected individuals with no previous exposure to antiretroviral treatment. The study is a randomized, partially double-blinded, controlled trial with 980 subjects at 81 centers in the United States and Italy. The study has a factorial design that addresses the following scientific questions: (1) Does the best initial choice of therapy include both a protease inhibitor (PI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) in a four-drug combination with nucleoside analogue (NRTI) drugs, or should these agents be used sequentially in three-drug combinations?; (2) Which sequence is best in a three-drug regimen—PI followed by NNRTI or NNRTI followed by PI ?; (3) Which is the best sequence of dual NRTI combinations—zidovudine plus lamivudine followed by didanosine plus stavudine, or the converse? Subjects in the three-drug combination arms are offered a salvage regimen after failure of their second regimen; subjects in the four-drug combination arm are offered a salvage regimen after failure of their first regimen. The primary endpoint of the study is the time until salvage; secondary endpoints include time to virological failure and time to toxicity-related discontinuation of therapy. A Division of AIDS Data and Safety Monitoring Board will review the trial for safety and efficacy. Control Clin Trials 2001;22:142–159
EFFICIENT SCHEDULING OF TRAFFIC ON A RAILWAY LINE

Scheduling trains on a single railway line is an important issue in it own right and a building block for scheduling trains in railway networks. A local, state-dependent, travel-advance strategy combined with a discrete-event model of a railway line represents a more efficient way of approaching the scheduling problem than the nonlinear programming approach used in the past. The new approach produces suboptimal time-efficient and energy-efficient schedules and can be used for fast rescheduling in case of significant perturbation in the schedule.
Disruption of the Bcr-Abl/Jak2/HSP90 Network Complex Leading to Induction of Apoptosis in Drug-Resistant CML Cells by a New Compound WP1193

Abstract In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), treatment of early stage disease has been significantly improved with the discovery of imatinib mesylate (IM, Gleevec), but with the progression of the disease, drug resistance develops which is due to mutation of the ATP binding site domain within the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, the activation of Lyn kinase (a Src-related tyrosine kinase) and other mutations that produce a more aggressive disease. Thus, patients relapse and the disease progresses to blast crisis (BC) stage where survival is limited to only several months. No suitable drug treatment for BC is available, and the mechanism of drug resistance for BC is unclear. A new synthesized small molecule, WP1193, a caffeic acid derivative, induced apoptosis in all types of drug-resistant CML cells including IM-resistant T315I BCR-ABL+ cells, IM-resistant CML cells with up-regulated Lyn tyrosine kinase (K562-R) and cells from blast crisis CML patients. Treatment of BCR-ABL+ cells with WP1193 inhibited Janus kinase activities, leading to strong reduction of Bcr-Abl; this treatment also reduced STAT3 and pTyr 705 STAT3 protein levels. CML cell lines contain a large signaling network complex composed of Bcr-Abl, Jak2, HSP90 and its client proteins. HSP90 is a molecular chaperone that plays an important role in conformational maturation and stabilization of client proteins (Bcr- Abl, Jak2, STAT3, etc.), which are physically associated in the signaling network complex. This network complex (estimated to be between 2–5 million daltons) has been characterized by gel filtration column chromatography. This complex is disassembled by treatment of Bcr-Abl+ cells with WP1193 (10 μM for 3–6 h). Treatment of the cells with WP1193 also inhibited binding of STAT3 to its consensus DNA sequence and reduced levels of HSP90α transcripts, HSP90α protein and its client proteins, which include Bcr-Abl, Jak2 and Akt. WP1193 also reduced solid tumors in mice inoculated with IM-resistant K562-R cells, and inhibited leukemic effects caused by T315I BCR-ABL+ cells. These results indicate that disruption of the Bcr-Abl/Jak2/HSP90 network complex by WP1193 overcomes drug resistance in advanced stage CML cells. Since disruption of this network complex causes apoptosis induction in all IM-resistant and late stage CML patient cells tested so far, and since no significant toxicity was observed in short-term mouse experiments, WP1193 may have medical utility for the treatment of IM-resistant forms of CML and late stage CML where other drugs fail. One novel feature of WP1193 is its ability to reduce the activity of several important components of the network, namely Bcr-Abl, Jak2 and STAT3 activities and reduction of HSP90α, which then causes a high level of apoptosis in IM-resistant cells and late-stage CML cells.
2014 society for text and discourse annual meeting: Introduction to the special issue

This special issue of Discourse Processes showcases research that was presented at the 24th annual meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse in Chicago, Illinois, USA, August 4–6, 2014. As our ...
The Armenian question in Turkey's domestic and international policy : documentation

Even if the Armenian question does not have the importance of the Kurdish question for Turkey's domestic policy, it plays a central role for Turkey's self-understanding. What lies at the center is not primarily the everyday discrimination of Armenians which emanates from the population. Rather, it is the combat against those who want to designate the widespread deaths of Armenians in the course of the alleged resettlement of Armenians during World War I as genocide. It has only been since the massive opposition by governments and parliaments of numerous countries that Turkey has initiated research into genocide at all. Together with the discrimination of religious minorities, this has become a stumbling block for entry into the EU.
Before Privacy, Power: The Structural Constitution and the Challenge of Mass Surveillance

The rich legal literature that has grown up to assess the constitutionality of bulk communications collection by the government has focused overwhelmingly on the challenge such programs pose to discrete claims of individual right against the state. Yet beyond the doctrinal and conceptual challenges such claims of privacy and expressive rights have faced – from restrictive views of standing and territoriality to contested understandings of the constitutional harms deserving rights protection – individual rights talk alone ignores the most apparent reality of current bulk collection programs: the newly developed government capacity and desire to collect zettabytes of data represents a vast expansion of government power. Particularly when a large fraction of U.S. government surveillance today is conducted not pursuant to congressional authority but solely under the executive power of Article II of the Constitution, the same changed empirical reality that has led us to revisit many of the decades-old premises on which Fourth Amendment doctrine is based presents an occasion to look anew at the nature of structural constitutional power. As this Article shows, the classic constitutional case for executive power in foreign intelligence surveillance falls short of supporting the claim that Article II alone supports the kind of bulk data collection the executive currently pursues. More, the Constitution’s structural provisions – here meaning the provisions containing affirmative grants of power to the federal government – have also been the source of a method of constitutional interpretation (structural reasoning), and separately, the basis for recognizing a substantive set of purposes underlying the constitutional project, including not only the promotion of functional effectiveness but also the protection of societal liberty. Where rights claims tend to conceptualize the problem of government action in terms of violations of particular clauses or singular individual harms, structural analysis in these respects invites consideration of what kind of government is consistent with the free republican society the Constitution envisions. These considerations, this Article maintains, more usefully inform our understanding of the constitutional harm of bulk collection. While questions of power surrounding bulk collection are hardly straightforward – the President has at least some intelligence authority, and global communications represent an unmatched trove of information that in certain applications has the potential to help protect far more individuals than it harms – this Article demonstrates at a minimum that the Constitution has more to say about this practice than is contained in the Bill of Rights alone.
Crise d’originalité juvénile ou psychose débutante ? Les représentations de l’adolescence « à risque » après-guerre en France et en Allemagne

Resume Objectifs Mon analyse prend pour objet les representations de precocite de la folie a l’adolescence, sous la forme du diagnostic de psychose debutante, en commencant par un rappel historique sur la place de l’adolescence dans la psychiatrie au XIX e –XX e siecles, en France et en Allemagne. Il s’agit ici de montrer que les representations de l’adolescence ont change. Methode La methodologie adoptee conjugue l’analyse d’archives, les methodes quantitative et qualitative, la reflexion epistemologique sur la normativite et la perspective comparatiste. En particulier, l’histoire croisee franco-allemande, consiste a reinterroger son propre objet de recherche au prisme des sources historiques disponibles dans une langue etrangere. Resultats L’hypothese d’une relation de causalite entre les premiers signes de maladie mentale et la puberte fait partie des questions recurrentes de la psychiatrie contemporaine. Elle a ete thematisee en tant que telle a partir de la notion d’hebephrenie, qui a longtemps designe la folie de l’adolescence, avant d’etre reformulee comme une forme precoce de schizophrenie. Discussion La discussion proposee porte sur l’appropriation medicale des representations de l’adolescence, dans la perspective emergente dans les annees 1970–80 d’un nouvel objectif de depistage et d’intervention precoce, alors qu’il n’etait seulement question apres-guerre que de crise d’originalite et de realisations precoces. Conclusions Apres avoir souligne le role des questionnaires dans la mise en place du depistage precoce des troubles mentaux, l’auteur plaide pour l’integration de l’histoire de l’epidemiologie psychiatrique a l’histoire de la psychiatrie et de la psychologie, puisque ce type d’outil est utilise pour mesurer la prevalence des troubles precoces.
Utilization of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for optimally cytoreduced advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer: A 10-year single institution experience with a racially diverse urban population

Abstract Objectives The goal of our study was to define utilization and clinical results of intraperitoneal (IV/IP) compared to intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in a racially and ethnically diverse population with optimally debulked advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods After IRB approval, all patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer that underwent primary cytoreductive surgery at our institution from 2005 to 2016 were identified. Death was verified by the National Social Security Death Index. Patients who received at least one IV/IP cycle were analyzed in the IV/IP cohort. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were performed. Results 96 patients with advanced stage optimally cytoreduced epithelial ovarian cancer (median follow up 33months) were identified. 51% and 49% of patients received IV/IP and IV chemotherapy, respectively. 27%, 22%, and 39% of patients were of white, black, and other race. Compared with IV chemotherapy only, IV/IP chemotherapy was associated with longer OS (log rank P P =0.05). No differences in patient or tumor characteristics were identified between these two groups of patients. Conclusions In our racially diverse urban patients, 50% of patients received IV/IP chemotherapy and it was associated with improved overall survival compared to IV chemotherapy alone. Further investigation is needed to identify barriers to use of IV/IP chemotherapy.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Mammographic Calcification Clusters: Impact of Segmentation

Medical image analysis is an area that has always attracted the interest of engineers and basic scientists. Research in the field has been intensified in the last 15–20 years. Significant work has been done and reported for breast cancer imaging with particular emphasis on mammography. The reasons for the impressive volume of work in this field include (a) increased awareness and education of womenon the issues of early breast cancer detection and mammography, (b) the potential for significant improvements both in the fields of imaging and management, and (c) the multidisciplinary aspects of the problems and the challenge presented to both engineers and basic scientists.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Phobic Reactions

Clinical descriptions of phobias, along with the obsessional behaviors frequently accompanying them, appear in earliest medical writings, dating at least from the time of Hippocrates. Marks (1969), in his insightful book on phobias, details the clinical descriptions and treatment recommendations proposed since the early Greeks. Ten years later, Graziano, DeGiovanni, and Garcia (1979), in an extensive review of the behavioral treatment of children’s fears, called for research that more clearly recognized their complexity. Because of their vividness, their often sudden onset, their debilitation, and their frequentness in the population of otherwise normal persons, phobias have attracted broad attention both in the clinical and the experimental psychopathology areas of psychology.
Nullius in verba: Version 2.0 of the University of Minnesota, School of Social and Administrative Pharmacy Program, Proposed Guidelines for Formulary Evaluation

The principal objective in introducing Version 2 of the proposed Minnesota Guidelines for Formulary Evaluation is to recognize the challenges faced by formulary committees and other health care decision makers with the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) in therapy choice across a range of disease areas. The adoption of NGS promises to disrupt accepted standards in product development and formulary assessment. Although the standards expected in presenting, evaluating and replications clinical and cost-effective claims will still be central to the assessment process, the application of NGS platforms to link therapy choices to identified mutation clusters will require a robust evidence base. These Guidelines are intended to provide the framework for that evidence base by setting protocol driven standards for (i) choosing the appropriate NGS platform and (ii) evaluating NGS platforms in the identification of therapy pathways for target populations in disease states. Type: Commentary
On the Child’s Role in Syntactic Change

In a discussion of language acquisition and language change, Lightfoot and Westergaard (L&W 2007) draw attention to the puzzle of “survival versus obsolescence”: When a linguistic form occurs with reduced frequency in child-directed speech, sometimes it rapidly disappears, but in other cases, it persists for centuries as a low-frequency option. L&W’s interpretation is that children require different minimum thresholds of experience for the adoption of different elements of grammar. Here, an alternative view is advanced: A low-frequency option disappears rapidly when the child’s input contains clear evidence for a competing, incompatible option. A concrete example is provided by the advent of do-support in Early Modern English: When adult speakers began to use do in ways the child could analyze as do-support, children more and more often encountered evidence of do-support earlier than V-to-I movement. Moreover, on the view that do-support is a last-resort operation, it stands in conflict with V-to-I movement. Assuming a version of Snyder’s (2007) thesis of Grammatical Conservatism (i.e., the child waits for clear evidence before making a decision, and never backtracks once the decision is made), the children who acquired do-support first could no longer acquire V-to-I movement.
David Oliver: The Bawa-Garba case, doctors, and the GMC-what next?

Since the High Court ruled in January that the trainee paediatrician Hadiza Bawa-Garba must be struck off the UK medical register, much has happened that may change how NHS doctors work, how we’re regulated, and how we raise concerns. The General Medical Council (GMC) and the government have both announced reviews of how gross negligence manslaughter is applied to medical practice.12 Both reviews will make recommendations, but neither will have the power to make coroners’ decision making fairer to doctors. Nor can these reviews alter the common law tests for gross negligence or the fact that such cases are tried by juries without medical experience or expertise. The GMC has put out a “frequently asked questions” document in response to …
Autoxidation and Enzymatic Oxidation of Unsaturated Lipids

Oxygen may act not only as an oxidant to initiate free radical reactions, but it can also act as a substrate for the propagation of these reactions. The spontaneous reaction of molecular oxygen with radicals is commonly referred to as autoxidation. Autoxidation is responsible for the deterioration of many manufactured plastics and rubber goods. Rancidity and spoilage of foodstuffs is a direct result of the autoxidation of fats, which are most susceptible to air oxidation and present, to a large extent, in virtually all foods.
An approach to quantifying the exploitability of human ecosystems

Patterns of ecosystem resiliency and differential exploitability by man exist, but they have not yet been worked out in detail This article presents a systematic approach for quantifying the responses of different ecosystems to various levels of human exploitation. It presents a model of the operations of natural ecosystems and suggests a useful analogue between “exploitation” ecosystems and different stages in ecological succession. This analogue enables us to define a coefficient of exploitability which relates the intensity of ecosystem responses to the intensity of management. The coefficient should prove useful in elucidating a number of types of man-environment interactions. It can be calculated from empirical data. Since it is a function of independent ecosystem variables such as climate, we can also suggest its probable global distribution patterns. Sample values of e are calculated from two different types of data. The range of values is greater than one order of magnitude, and their trends are entirely consistent with their predicted distribution.
Void reduction in VARTM composites by compaction of dry fiber preforms with stationary and moving magnets

Voids are the most common process-induced defects in composite laminates fabricated by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Reduction or total elimination of these defects is essential f...
Thyroid hormone: a resurgent treatment for an emergent concern

The story of thyroid hormone in human physiology is one of mixed emotions. Studying past literature on its use leads one to believe that it serves only a few functions in a handful of diseases. In ...
SANITATION IN THE SPACE AGE1

The classic concepts of environmental sanitation have become an integral part of our way of life in this age. The advent of the space age requires an expansion of these concepts. We are faced today with phenomenal advances in transportation and communication. Are our sanitary surveillance techniques and regulations, basically geared for parochial communities, adequate to maintain the public health in a world served by supersonic carriers? Is our knowledge and training sufficient to meet the demands for ultraclean environments imposed by advances in medicine and industrial technology? We must be ready to consider such new problems as cleaning and disinfecting the hardware and materials being developed for space travel and exploration. We must gain a perspective of the environmental health problems of people confined in sealed capsules for long time periods. We must start thinking about the control of exotic and as yet undiscovered disease agents from other planets, the control of microbial dissemination fr...
Comparison of Medical Student Communication Skills Measured by Standardized Patients During an OSCE and by Faculty During an In-Hospital Encounter.

Objectives At our institution, learner communication skills during an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) are measured by standardized patients (SPs) using the New Mexico Clinical Communication Scale (NM-CCS). Faculty physicians also conduct a direct observation of a clinical encounter (DOCE) to observe students' interactions with real hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether students have similar communication skills scores with real patients as compared with SPs. Methods The NM-CCS was modified to fit a hospital encounter (mNM-CCS). Student NM-CCS scores for an OSCE were compared with their matched mNM-CCS scores obtained during their DOCE. Results Matched scores were compared for 83 students. The mean total percentage scores on the DOCE and OSCE were both 60%. There was no correlation between individual student communication scores. The difference between mean total scores mNM-CCS scores for the faculty preceptors was not statistically significant (P = 0.1985). Conclusions We found no correlation between student communication scores measured by faculty during the DOCE compared with communication skills measured by SPs during an OSCE. The discordant results of some students on the OSCE compared with the DOCE suggests that the OSCE may not identify students who may benefit from additional communication skills training.
Why and How to Spend a Sabbatical in Industry

We believe that more Computing faculty should spend some time in industry in order to experience for themselves the types of jobs their students are likely to take at graduation and throughout their careers. Each panelist has spent at least one sabbatical in industry and found the experience to be far more beneficial than anticipated. We all found that our sabbatical experiences helped us to (1) develop our skills, (2) discover and practice the skills that are currently being used in industry, (3) gain credibility with our students, (4) improve our understanding of the computing profession beyond software development, and (5) build relationships with local businesses. Many of us returned to the classroom thinking "I can't believe they let me teach college without any industry experience".
Nonjudgmental Dynamic Fuel Cycle Benchmarking

This paper presents a new fuel cycle benchmarking analysis methodology by coupling Gaussian process (GP) regression, a popular technique in machine learning, to dynamic time warping, a mechanism wi...
An expression for irregularly distributed hydrocarbon volume using exponential decay method

In both the oil and gas and the environmental remediation industries, the ability to locate and quantify hydrocarbons in the subsurface is of value. Partitioning interwell tracer testing has been s...
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer Drugs

Background Preclinical cell models are the mainstay in the early stages of drug development. We sought to explore the preclinical data that differentiated successful from failed therapeutic agents in lung cancer. Methods 134 failed lung cancer drugs and 27 successful lung cancer drugs were identified. Preclinical data were evaluated. The outcome variable for cell model experiments was the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and for murine model experiments was tumor growth inhibition (TGI). A logistic regression was performed on quartiles (Q) of IC50s and TGIs. Results We compared odds of approval among drugs defined by IC50 and TGI quartile. Compared to drugs with preclinical cell experiments in highest IC50 quartile (Q4, IC50 345.01-100,000nM), those in Q3 differed little, but those in the lower two quartiles had better odds of being approved. However, there was no significant monotonic trend identified (P-trend 0.4). For preclinical murine models, TGI values ranged from -0.3119 to 1.0000, with a tendency for approved drugs to demonstrate poorer inhibition than failed drugs. Analyses comparing success of drugs according to TGI quartile produced interval estimates too wide to be statistically meaningful, although all point estimates accord with drugs in Q2-Q4 (TGI 0.5576-0.7600, 0.7601-0.9364, 0.9365-1.0000) having lower odds of success than those in Q1 (-0.3119-0.5575). Conclusion There does not appear to be a significant linear trend between preclinical success and drug approval, and therefore published preclinical data does not predict success of therapeutics in lung cancer. Newer models with predictive power would be beneficial to drug development efforts.
Feeder Level Linear Voltage Drop Model for Active Radial Distribution System Operation in the Presence of Distributed Generation

In active distribution system, distributed generators require voltage drop management and power loss minimization. This paper proposes a voltage drop model and optimal management model for voltage drop and power loss including distributed generation (DG). The main focus of this work is to create a linear relationship between voltage drop and apparent power in the presence of DG. This is used to minimize voltage drop and power loss for a radial distribution feeder using minimization technique which comprises of DG real and reactive power control. Numerical analysis was done using IEEE 13 node test feeder system. Successful working of proposed model and minimization of line voltage drop, real and reactive power losses is demonstrated in this paper.
Review of Facebook Democracy: The Architecture of Disclosure and the Threat of Public Life by José Marichal (Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012)

Review of Facebook Democracy: The Architecture of Disclosure and the Threat of Public Life by Jose Marichal (Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2012)
Sialographic Analysis of Radioiodine-Associated Chronic Sialadenitis.

Objectives/hypothesis To apply a novel sialography classification system to identify parotid and submandibular ductal findings following I-131 therapy and to assess correlates to dose and duration of symptoms. Study design Retrospective single-center case series. Methods Patients who underwent sialography between February 2008 and February 2019 after previously receiving I-131 treatment were identified via a retrospective chart review. Their sialograms were systematically evaluated and scored by applying the Iowa parotid sialogram scale to also include submandibular gland analysis. Results From 337 sialograms, 30 (five submandibular, 25 parotid) underwent analysis. Ductal stenosis was identified in all sialograms and was graded as moderate (>50%-75%) in 7/30 cases and severe (>75%) in 15/30 cases. The distal (main) duct was narrowed in 23/30 cases. No association was identified between degree of ductal stenosis and I-131 dose (P = .39), age (P = .81), or time from I-131 therapy to sialogram (P = .97). Conclusions The Iowa parotid sialogram scale was successfully applied to report abnormalities of the parotid and submandibular ductal system. The most common manifestation of I-131-associated sialadenitis was a severe stenosis within the distal salivary duct. No statistically significant association was found between degree of ductal stenosis and dose of I-131, age, or duration of symptoms. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1450-E1456, 2021.
The Effect of Respect: Respectful Communication at Work Drives Resiliency, Engagement, and Job Satisfaction among Early Career Employees:

Today’s business leaders face an unprecedented challenge of engaging and retaining young workers. We examined two facets of workplace respect to determine how leaders might combat this issue. A mod...