cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathways for cervical metastasis in malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region

There have been significant changes in the evaluation and management of lymphatic metastases in the neck during the past several decades, and knowledge of the functional anatomy of the cervical lymphatics is fundamental to the clinical management of metastasis in this region. This review provides a comprehensive description of the cervical lymphatics and discusses how this knowledge is used in the modern management of the neck lymphatics in the setting of common cancers of the head and neck. The patterns of tumor spread can be delineated based on the well-studied functional anatomy of the lymphatic networks in the cervical region. The characteristics and patterns of metastatic spread for two common cancers found in this region, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma, are discussed in this review. Significant improvements in clinical care, namely, selective neck dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy aided by lymphoscintigraphy, have been developed and are based upon detailed studies of the pathways of metastatic spread. These advances have significantly decreased the morbidity associated with the evaluation and treatment of metastatic disease to the neck.
Investigation of displacer equilibrium properties and mobile phase operating conditions in ion-exchange displacement chromatography

Abstract One of the major advantages of displacement chromatography is the simultaneous concentration and purification that can be effected during the process. The steric mass-action model of non-linear ion-exchange chromatography is employed to investigate the affects of mobile phase salt concentration and displacer equilibrium properties on the concentration of proteins in isotachic displacement zones. The results indicate that the salt microenvironment in displacement zones plays a major role in determining the concentration of the displaced proteins. The parameters which affect the salt microenvironment are both the initial salt concentration in the carrier as well as the induced gradient produced during the displacement process. For a given breakthrough volume, the induced gradient is determined by the ratio of the steric factor to the characteristic charge of the displacer. These results indicate that the use of relatively low salt concentrations in the carrier along with displacers with relatively high steric factor to characteristic charge ratios will produce significant concentration of the proteins during the purification process.
895. Separate rAAV1 Vectors Co-Infect Striatal Neurons Efficiently

Top of pageAbstract rAAV is a useful tool for gene therapy, however because of the limited size of the AAV genome large or multicistronic cDNAs are problematic. For example, the tetracycline responsive promoter-transactivator transcriptional regulation system is difficult to package in a single rAAV vector. In instances where more than one gene is required, co-infection by two viruses is necessary and often, both genes must be transferred to the same cell for the system to function properly. To date, the rate at which two mixed viral vectors infect the same cells has not been quantified. We hypothesized that a sequential surgical procedure separated by 24 hr would allow for receptor recycling and increase the number of double-hits. Six adult rats were injected unilaterally in the striatum with a mix of AAV1-GFP and AAV1 DS-Red2. The contralateral striatum was injected with AAV1 DS-Red2 then 24 hours later injected with AAV1-GFP at the same site. In both groups, approximately 75% of cells expressing GFP (direct fluorescence) also expressed dsred2 (indirect fluorescence). However, the number of GFP expressing cells far exceeded that of dsred2 despite very similar titers. In conclusion these results demonstrate that 2 vectors co-transduce striatal neurons at a very high rate even with simple mixing procedure.
B1 and T1 insensitive water and lipid suppression using optimized multiple frequency-selective preparation pulses for whole-brain 1H spectroscopic imaging at 3T.

A new method for the simultaneous suppression of water and lipid resonances using a series of dual-band frequency-selective RF pulses with associated dephasing gradients is presented. By optimizing the nutation angles of the individual pulses, the water and lipid suppression is made insensitive to range of both T1-relaxation times and B1 inhomogeneities. The method consists only of preparatory RF pulses and thus can be combined with a wide variety of MRSI schemes including both long and short TE studies. Simulations yield suppression factors, in the presence of ±20% B1 inhomogeneity, on the order of 100 for lipid peaks with three different T1s (300ms, 310ms and 360ms), and water peaks with T1s ranging from 0.8s to 4s. Excellent in-vivo study performance is demonstrated using a 3T volumetric proton spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) sequence for measuring the primary brain metabolites peaks of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N-acetyl Aspartate (NAA).
A method for matching high-temperature superconductor resonators used for NMR signal pickup at 400 MHz

This paper describes a method for matching high-temperature superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal pickup coils to field-effect transistor (FET) preamplifiers using amplifier-specific noise figure and gain parameters to obtain a matching compromise that improves gain flatness for a given permissible noise figure. A technique for obtaining these parameters is also described in an appendix.
The Body Image and Relationships Scale: Development and Validation of a Measure of Body Image in Female Breast Cancer Survivors

Purpose A self-report measure of body image in female breast cancer survivors, the Body Image and Relationships Scale (BIRS), was developed to address attitudes about appearance, health, physical strength, sexuality, relationships, and social functioning following treatment. Methods The 32-item measure, generated by expert consensus and revised based on focus group feedback, was administered to 95 female breast cancer participants twice within 1 to 2 weeks. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the measure were assessed using standard-scale construction techniques. The structure of the proposed measure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of the resulting factors and other variables were assessed using extreme groups analyses. Results The BIRS had satisfactory test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Principal axis factoring revealed three factors: (1) health and strength, (2) social barriers, and (3) appearance and sexuality. Correlations of the subscales with standardized measures of related constructs were significant and in the anticipated directions. Extreme groups analyses suggested associations between less physical activity and more impairment on factors 1 and 3, premenopausal status at first diagnosis and more impairment on factor 2, and younger age at the time of survey administration and more impairment on factor 3. Conclusion The proposed scale demonstrated satisfactory reliability and internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed three subscales with coherent item content and differential associations with measures of activity level, menopause status, and age. Observed relationships with other measures support convergent and divergent validity. Results suggest that the proposed scale is useful for clinical and research applications.
High performance control and estimation in AC drives

High performance control and estimation techniques for sensorless drives are very fascinating and challenging subjects of R&D and they have received wide attention in the literature. The paper briefly surveys the modern high performance drive control and estimation methods for AC motor drives. The voltage-fed cage type induction motor drive has been considered in the paper but the control principles can be extended to other types of drives using different types of converters. The vector control methods, advanced scalar controls and adaptive and optimal controls are discussed. The intelligent control with fuzzy logic and neural network has been particularly emphasized. Finally, the estimation of feedback signals has been reviewed.
Nanoscale CMOS circuit leakage power reduction by double-gate device

Leakage power for extremely scaled (L/sub eff/ = 25 nm) double-gate devices is examined. Numerical two-dimensional simulation results for double-gate CMOS device/circuit power are presented from physics principle, identifying that double-gate technology is an ideal candidate for low-power applications. Unique double-gate device features resulting from gate-gate coupling are discussed and effectively exploited for optimal low-leakage device design. Design tradeoffs for double-gate CMOS power and performance are suggested for low-power and high-performance applications. Total power consumptions of static and dynamic circuits and latches for double-gate device are analyzed considering state dependency, showing that leakage current is reduced by a factor of over 10X, compared with conventional bulk-Si counterpart.
Management Assessment and Policy Dissemination in Federal Prisons

In 1990, the Federal Bureau of Prisons implemented an instrument for on-site management accountability known as the institution character profile (ICP). The ICP was designed to assess the quality of work life for staffers, the working and living conditions for inmates, the stability of the institution within its community setting, and the nature of the professional relationship between federal agencies. This article describes the dynamics of the ICP as both an expression of the Bureau of Prisons' organizational culture that reaffirms core management principals and an effective conduit to disseminate programmatic and operational policies.
Evaluating the use of GPUs in liver image segmentation and HMMER database searches

In this paper we present the results of parallelizing two life sciences applications, Markov random fields-based (MRF) liver segmentation and HMMER's Viterbi algorithm, using GPUs. We relate our experiences in porting both applications to the GPU as well as the techniques and optimizations that are most beneficial. The unique characteristics of both algorithms are demonstrated by implementations on an NVIDIA 8800 GTX Ultra using the CUDA programming environment. We test multiple enhancements in our GPU kernels in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of each strategy. Our optimized MRF kernel achieves over 130× speedup, and our hmmsearch implementation achieves up to 38× speedup. We show that the differences in speedup between MRF and hmmsearch is due primarily to the frequency at which the hmmsearch must read from the GPU's DRAM.
SIMAT: GC-SIM-MS data analysis tool

Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the technologies widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of small molecules. In particular, GC coupled to single quadrupole MS can be utilized for targeted analysis by selected ion monitoring (SIM). However, to our knowledge, there are no software tools specifically designed for analysis of GC-SIM-MS data. In this paper, we introduce a new R/Bioconductor package called SIMAT for quantitative analysis of the levels of targeted analytes. SIMAT provides guidance in choosing fragments for a list of targets. This is accomplished through an optimization algorithm that has the capability to select the most appropriate fragments from overlapping chromatographic peaks based on a pre-specified library of background analytes. The tool also allows visualization of the total ion chromatograms (TIC) of runs and extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of analytes of interest. Moreover, retention index (RI) calibration can be performed and raw GC-SIM-MS data can be imported in netCDF or NIST mass spectral library (MSL) formats. We evaluated the performance of SIMAT using two GC-SIM-MS datasets obtained by targeted analysis of: (1) plasma samples from 86 patients in a targeted metabolomic experiment; and (2) mixtures of internal standards spiked in plasma samples at varying concentrations in a method development study. Our results demonstrate that SIMAT offers alternative solutions to AMDIS and MetaboliteDetector to achieve accurate detection of targets and estimation of their relative intensities by analysis of GC-SIM-MS data. We introduce a new R package called SIMAT that allows the selection of the optimal set of fragments and retention time windows for target analytes in GC-SIM-MS based analysis. Also, various functions and algorithms are implemented in the tool to: (1) read and import raw data and spectral libraries; (2) perform GC-SIM-MS data preprocessing; and (3) plot and visualize EICs and TICs.
Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Non-AIDS-Defining Malignancies

Since the widespread introduction of HAART over 10 years ago, the epidemiology of HIV-related malignancies has been evolving. While the incidence and the mortality of AIDS-defining cancers (Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, in particular) have been decreasing, the incidence of and the mortality from non-AIDS-defining malignancies appear to be increasing. This chapter reviews the recent literature published on the epidemiology and clinical manifestations, including outcomes of non-AIDS-defining malignancies. Although HAART has improved survival from opportunistic infections and AIDS-defining malignancies; it appears that HIV-infected individuals on HAART still have an elevated incidence of certain non-AIDS malignancies (especially those that are mediated by viral oncogenesis, such as EBV and HPV). In addition, it is unclear if utilization of HAART during treatment results in equivalent survival compared to HIV-negative individuals. The focus of the chapter will be on the more common non-AIDS malignancies such as Hodgkin disease, SCCA, and lung cancer. However, the epidemiology of other non-AIDS-defining malignancies will also be discussed including skin cancer, head and neck cancer, conjunctival cancer, testicular cancer, leiomyosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, leukemia, colon cancer, and prostate cancer.
Antigen expression in normal and neoplastic canine tissues defined by a monoclonal antibody generated against canine mesothelioma cells

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3B5 generated against canine mesothelioma cells was applied to canine tumors and normal tissues via immunohistochemical and immunoblotting techniques to evaluate antigen binding. By use of an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex (ABC) method, immunoreactivity was noted in reactive mesothelial cells and in normal tissues was observed primarily in mesothelial cell linings, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle of blood vessels and soft tissues; the reactivity was nearly equivalent in frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Use of the ABC method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors yielded moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunostaining of neoplastic cells in 10/11 (91%) mesotheliomas, 18/23 (78%) hemangiosarcomas, 4/10 (40%) intestinal and lung carcinomas, and < or = 20% of hemangiomas, leiomyosarcomas, leiomyomas, mammary carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. No immunostaining of tumor cells was observed in fibrosarcomas, hemangiopericytomas, perianal gland carcinomas, and melanomas. Immunoblotting was performed on samples that demonstrated strong immunoreactivity with MAb 3B5 by the ABC method: mesothelioma, hemangiosarcoma, urinary bladder (smooth muscle), and lung (alveolar capillaries). These analyses showed that MAb 3B5 bound a major antigen of 78 kilodaltons (kd) and minor antigens at 56 and 54 kd in normal and neoplastic tissues. The preliminary immunohistochemical results suggest that MAb 3B5 may possess utility in diagnosis of mesotheliomas and hemangiosarcomas, discrimination of cell types in proliferative serosal lesions, and demonstration of vascularity or angiogenesis in neoplastic and inflammatory lesions.
A comparative review of the mammalian toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis-based pesticides

The extensive mammalian toxicity studies performed to support the safety of Bacillus thuringiensis-containing pesticides clearly demonstrate that the tested isolates are not toxic or pathogenic. Toxicity studies submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency to support the registration of B. thuringiensis subspecies have failed to show any significant adverse effects in body weight gain, clinical observations, or upon necropsy. Infectivity/pathogenicity studies have shown that the intact rodent immune system responds as expected to eliminate B. thuringiensis gradually from the body after oral, pulmonary or intravenous challenge. Similar clearance patterns were observed with B. subtilis and B. sphaericus, which also were non-toxic to test animals. The results also indicate that the currently used protocols for toxicity/pathogenicity evaluations of micro-organisms in laboratory animals have provided useful and necessary information for risk assessment. The study results raise the issue, however, of whether some reduced set of toxicily/pathogenicity studies could be required for new B. thuringiensis isolates of already registered subspecies, and whether this reduced data set would also apply to subspecies not yet registered as pesticidal active ingredients.
Mitotic Arrest with Nocodazole Induces Selective Changes in the Level of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine and Accumulation of Incompletely Processed N-Glycans on Proteins from HT29 Cells *

O-LinkedN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a ubiquitous and abundant protein modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Several lines of evidence suggest that it is a highly dynamic modification and that the levels of this sugar on proteins may be regulated. Previous workers (Chou, C. F., and Omary, M. B. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 4465-4472) have shown that mitotic arrest with microtubule-destabilizing agents such as nocodazole causes an increase in the O-GlcNAc levels on keratins in the human colon cancer cell line HT29. We have sought to determine whether this increase in glycosylation is a general (i.e. occurring on many proteins) or a limited (i.e. occurring only on the keratins) process. A general increase would suggest that the microtubule-destabilizing agents were somehow affecting the enzymes responsible for addition and/or removal of O-GlcNAc. Our results suggest that the changes in O-GlcNAc induced by nocodazole are selective for the keratins. The levels of O-GlcNAc on other proteins, including the nuclear pore protein p62 and the transcription factor Sp1, are not significantly affected by this treatment. In agreement with these findings, nocodazole treatment caused no change in the activity of the enzymes responsible for addition or removal of O-GlcNAc as determined by direct in vitro assay. Interestingly, nocodazole treatment did cause a dramatic increase in modification of N-glycans with terminal GlcNAc residues on numerous proteins. Potential mechanisms for this and the change in glycosylation of the keratins are discussed.
Refinement of the 6p21.3 quantitative trait locus influencing dyslexia: linkage and association analyses.

Reading disability (RD), or dyslexia, is the most common learning disability with a prevalence rate of ~5%–10% in school-age children. RD is highly heritable with evidence of a neurobiological origin. Linkage studies have identified several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RD. The QTL on chromosome 6p21.3 has been independently replicated by several groups and spans a 16.4-Mb (13.8 cM) interval from D6S109 to D6S291. In this study, we performed sib-pair linkage analyses with Haseman–Elston and DeFries–Fulker methods to define more accurately the QTL interval. Linkage was assessed by using five quantitative phenotypes, including a composite measure of reading performance and four component phenotypes. When probands were selected for severe scores, single- and multi-point analyses showed significant linkage with all five phenotypes, converging over an interval of ~3.24 Mb spanning D6S1597 to D6S1571. Maximal linkage converged at marker D6S1554 across phenotypes. Out of 12 genes in the linkage interval, ten clustered within ~680 kb and were selected for association analysis based on central nervous system expression and putative function. Marker-trait associations were assessed by using QTDT (a general test of association for quantitative traits) and the family-based association test (FBAT), and haplotype analysis was performed by using FBAT and the GeneHunter Transmission/Disequilibrium Test TDT. Marker associations were detected in five of the ten genes, results that were corroborated by our haplotype TDT analysis. The results of the association study have thereby allowed us to significantly reduce the number of possible candidate genes and to prioritize genes for further mutation screening.
Chenodeoxycholic acid pool size determination from children using isotope dilution mass spectrometry.

An isotope dilution mass spectrometry method is described for determining chenodeoxycholic acid pool size in children. The stable isotopically labeled tracer. (11,12-2H2) chenodeoxycholic acid, was administered orally to children, and the enrichment of bile was measured by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The level of (11,12-2H2) chenodeoxycholic acid enrichment found in the patient samples was in the range of 0.5 to 5%. Data are presented illustrating the duplication of this method in two independent laboratories using standard quadrupole mass spectrometers. This procedure provides the clinician with a non-radioactive method for determining chenodeoxycholic acid pool size which is especially beneficial in studies involving children and pregnant women.
Improving personal health records for patient-centered care

Objective To assess the patient-centeredness of personal health records (PHR) and offer recommendations for best practice guidelines. Design Semi-structured interviews were conducted in seven large early PHR adopter organizations in 2007. Organizations were purposively selected to represent a variety of US settings, including medium and large hospitals, ambulatory care facilities, insurers and health plans, government departments, and commercial sectors. Measurements Patient-centeredness was assessed against a framework of care that includes: (1) respect for patient values, preferences, and expressed needs; (2) information and education; (3) access to care; (4) emotional support to relieve fear and anxiety; (5) involvement of family and friends; (6) continuity and secure transition between healthcare providers; (7) physical comfort; (8) coordination of care. Within this framework we used evidence for patient preferences (where it exists) to compare existing PHR policies, and propose a best practice model. Results Most organizations enable many patientcentered functions such as data access for proxies and minors. No organization allows patient views of clinical progress notes, and turnaround times for PHR reporting of normal laboratory results can be up to 7 days. Conclusion Findings suggest patient-centeredness for personal health records can be improved, and recommendations are made for best practice guidelines.
Susceptibility and Aversion of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1F Bt Maize and Considerations for Insect Resistance Management

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize was developed primarily for North American pests such as European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)). However, most Bt maize products are also cultivated outside of North America, where the primary pests may be different and may have lower susceptibility to Bt toxins. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) is an important pest and primary target of Bt maize in Central and South America. S. frugiperda susceptibility to Cry1F (expressed in event TC1507) is an example of a pest-by-toxin interaction that does not meet the high-dose definition. In this study, the behavioral and toxic response of S. frugiperda to Cry1F maize was investigated by measuring the percentage of time naive third instars spent feeding during a 3-min exposure. S. frugiperda also were exposed as third instars to Cry1F maize for 14 d to measure weight gain and survival. S. frugiperda demonstrated an initial, postingestive aversive response to Cry1F maize, and few larvae survived the 14 d exposure. The role of susceptibility and avoidance are discussed in the context of global IRM refuge strategy development for Bt products.
Time and Cost of Diagnosis for Symptomatic Femoroacetabular Impingement

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and labral tears are common causes of hip pain that are often not promptly or properly diagnosed. To our knowledge, no reports have defined the time an...
Enhanced cytokine generation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in allergic and asthma subjects

Background Although preferential expression of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5, has been described in atopic asthma, the role of IFN-γ and IL-10 are less clear. Objective To determine the cytokine pattern of T cell mitogen-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from atopic asthmatic (AA) subjects. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from AA (n = 24), allergic rhinitis (AR) (n = 9), and normals (NL) (n = 9) were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the generation of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ, IL-10, and GM-CSF was quantified using ELISA. Results Compared with NL subjects, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the atopic groups had increased generation of both IL-5 (AA, P = .001 and AR, P = .024) and IFN-γ (AA, P = .037 and AR, P = .048) and decreased generation of IL-10 (AA, P = .038 and AR, P = .036). The absolute levels of cytokines did not differ between the two atopic groups; however, the ratio of IL-5/IL-10 was significantly higher in AA ( P Conclusion The concomitant increase in the generation of IL-5 and IFN-γ, with a decrease in IL-10 in the atopic groups suggests that in, at least a subset of these patients, there is potential expression of both Th2- and Th1-type cytokines. Furthermore, the increased IL-5 to IL-10 ratio could represent a key feature that distinguishes atopic asthmatic from non-asthmatic atopic subjects.
Fine structure of subauroral electric field and electron content

Small-scale structure of the plasma convection and electron content within the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) is investigated. We present ionospheric observations during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm on 17 March 2013, during which a sequence of intense, highly localized, and fast-moving electric field (EF) structures within SAPS was observed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network Christmas Valley West (CVW) radar. The CVW EF measurements at 60 s resolution are analyzed in context of coincident GPS measurements of the total electron content (TEC) at 30 s resolution. The strong and narrow feature of the subauroral ion drift (SAID) was observed poleward of the TEC trough, with a TEC enhancement (peak) seen in the SAPS (SAID) region. The SAPS wave activity commenced ~2 h (15 min) after first appearance of SAPS (SAID). The SAPS structures appeared near the poleward edge of the trough, propagated westward, and merged with SAID near TEC peak. The propagation velocity was comparable with convection velocity within each EF structure. The SAPS TEC exhibited a general decrease toward the end of the period. On a smaller time scale, TEC exhibited a small but appreciable decrease within EF structures. The wavelet spectra of EF and TEC showed similar variations, with wave period of ~5 min period near onset and increasing to 8–10 min toward the end of the period with significant wave activity. A scenario is discussed, in which the SAPS wave activity may modify the ionospheric conductance and TEC at small scales, with large-scale magnetosphere-ionosphere feedback acting to continuously deplete TEC where/when such activity does not occur.
SOME SOIL FACTORS AFFECTING TREE GROWTH

(1) It becomes increasingly evident that continued root growth with the establishment of new root-soil contacts is necessary for the normal entrance of both water and mineral nutrients into the root. This concept emphasizes the ecological importance of factors tending either to impede or favor the spread and permeation of roots in the soil. (2) The characteristics of soils with respect to (1) available water capacity, (2) permeability to water and (3) permeability to air are largely determined by the volume and size distribution of the soil pore space. The latter is conveniently characterized by measuring the water held by a soil at varying moisture tensions. (3) In recognition of the foregoing, it may be concluded that a better understanding of root-soil relationships should result from more general application of interpretative studies of soil pore space conditions to root development, and from the development and application of micro-methods for studying the conditions, both physical and chemical, existing at the actual root soil interface.
Chronic intestinal ischemia caused by intravenous cocaine use: Report of two cases and review of the literature

Chronic mesenteric ischemia caused by thrombosis of large visceral arteries due to cocaine abuse are reported in two young women. Both cases were managed successfully with visceral revascularization.
Pharmacotherapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Treatment Received and Illness Severity

Background. Research on pharmacotherapy received by individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a relatively common and impairing disorder, is very limited.Methods. We examined past and current pharmacotherapy received by 151 individuals with BDD who were recruited from diverse sources.Results. 72.9% of subjects had received psychotropic medication. The most common type ever received was an SRI (65.6%), followed by non-SRI antidepressants (41.1%) and benzodiazepines (27.2%). Subjects with greater lifetime impairment due to BDD were more likely to have received pharmacotherapy, and subjects with lifetime OCD or greater lifetime impairment due to BDD were more likely to have received an SRI specifically. Subjects revealed their BDD symptoms to only 41.0% of pharmacotherapists. Only 12.9% of SRI trials were considered optimal for BDD, and an additional 21.5% were considered minimally adequate. SRI trials that were considered optimal or at least minimally adequate for BDD were associated with greater imp...
Integrating Economics In The K-12 Curriculum

This is a multi-year study of the effects of integrating economics into the curriculum on the Maryland School Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP) economics outcome scores. The study was carried out using State summary and disaggregated data and summary data for each school system in the State of Maryland. The 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997 and 2000 MSPAP economics outcome scores for grades 3, 5, and 8, constitute the dependent variable for the study with the level of integration of economics in the curriculum and class size, being the main explanatory variables. Using comparative static analysis and regression analysis three questions were addressed. The first question asks how school systems with different levels of integration of economics in the curriculum compare to the State average. The second question asks how these groupings compare to each other. The third question employs regression analysis to determine the effect of economics instruction and class size on the economics test scores. Other explanatory variables considered include: wealth per capita, income per capita, expenditures per pupil, student enrollments, and the level of performance on the overall battery of MSPAP tests.
Control of Linear Stochastic Systems with State Dependent Noise

Abstract A stochastic control problem is formulated and a solution is described for a linear stochastic system that has a quadratic cost and a linear state dependent noise process appearing in the stochastic system. A stochastic Riccati equation is given that provides an optimal feedback control.
Sobre os limites da argumentação jurídica: a desconstrução do ativismo judicial fundado na ponderação de princípios e a reinvenção da legitimidade jurídica nos pensamentos de Jürgen Habermas e Chantal Mouffe

Este trabalho pretendeu, por meio de tecnica de pesquisa teorica do tipo descritivo/compreensivo e comparativo, e conforme processo de estudo interdisciplinar e procedimento de analise de conteudo, problematizar a ideia de legitimidade que e substrato do modelo de ponderacao de principios delineado no bojo do ativismo judicial assumido pela jurisprudencia do Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemao (Bundesverfassungsgericht - BVG) e, no Brasil, pelos julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal – STF. Para tal, estudamos, inicialmente, o pensamento de Robert Alexy acerca da argumentacao juridica, por se constituir como uma das mais influentes interpretacoes da cultura constitucional alema a tentar delinear uma metodologia para justificar racionalmente as dificuldades trazidas pela transicao da jurisprudencia do Bundesverfassungsgericht para o ativismo. Em seguida, procedemos a critica da teoria da argumentacao juridica de Alexy por meio de duas vertentes: a) as criticas enderecadas por Jurgen Habermas a teoria da argumentacao juridica, no que concerne a subordinacao do Direito a Moral, bem como quanto a relativizacao do carater deontologico dos principios; e b) a analise do modelo agonistico de democracia, proposto por Chantal Mouffe, aplicando-o a tentativa de desconstrucao da pretensao de legitimidade do metodo ponderativo, a fim de criticar o modelo de racionalidade que lhe serve de substrato e o atrelamento deste ao modelo de legitimidade fundado na “representacao argumentativa”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Legitimidade – Democracia agonistica – Teoria discursiva – Teoria da Argumentacao Juridica – ativismo judicial
Archival education and outreach: promoting communal identity through education

iv Introduction 1 Chapter One The Changing Roles of Archives and Archivists 5 Chapter Two Educational Outreach Programs in Archives and Related Fields 17 Chapter Three Archival Curriculum Planning 34 Conclusion 54 Bibliography 59 Appendix A Email Invitation to Participate in the Online Survey 64 Appendix B Survey 65 Appendix C Survey Results 67 Appendix D Institutions Which Responded to Survey 71
Interaction phenomena in second-order nonlinear materials

Summary form only given. During the past three years, interest has grown rapidly in the theoretical and experimental study of solitary waves in materials with second-order nonlinearities, especially after they were experimentally observed in geometries with one of two transverse dimensions. In a real application/experiment, only fundamental waves will be launched and the interaction of interest will occur during or subsequent to the evolution into spatial solitary waves. In this case, the solitary wave is excited in two steps: generation of the second harmonic followed by a series of slow oscillations as the two pulses reshape into a solitary wave. Here we will focus on the dependence of the interaction of the two pulses on the reshaping oscillations.
The Varnhagen Collection Is in Krakow

HISTORIANS OF GERMANY may well lament that locating primary material often threatens to become a research project in itself. Labyrinthian searches for specific collections are not a consequence of World War Two only. Centuries of decentralization in Central Europe resulted in a regional distribution of archival material. The war, however, created a much less predictable dispersion of documents. Rare manuscripts inside Germany and, after 1939, within the whole of Nazi-dominated Europe, were moved about for a variety of reasons. At war's end, manuscripts used by the genealogy bureaucracy, appropriated as booty, and evacuated from likely Allied bombing sites, could be found in castles, salt mines, and monasteries far from their original locations. Some documents left Central Europe altogether, taken home by victorious armies for use as trial evidence in bringing ex-Nazis to justice. When the decision was finally made to return all dispersed files to their original institutions, there were two Germanies. Archival location again followed power politics. Through a maze of legal rulings and administrative orders, material which lay in the British, French, and American zones of Germany, and in the United States, was returned to West Germany. Material which ended up in the Russian zone and in the USSR and at least some of that which lay in Poland, was returned to East Germany. But rulings were not always conclusive regarding all possible archival depositories, and not all transported treasures have been sent home again. Perhaps the most valuable, certainly one of the most searched-for of all extant manuscript collections, is the one that spent much of the war in a Benedictine monastery in a Silesian hamlet then called Griissau. The Griissau story begins at the Preussische Staatsbibliothek in April of 1941. An English bomb attack had damaged the State Opera across Unter den Linden. The decision was made to ship major portions of the library's holdings out of Berlin. Twenty-nine depository sites were chosen. Because the eastern front was considered the less dangerous war arena in 1941, twenty-four of the twenty-nine sites were located east of the Elbe. At issue is the largest and most significant spread of
Digital Textbooks

The traditional publishing industry is seeing the first signs of its own doom while desperately hanging on to the last few dollars of profit from selling pulped forest trees. The demise of paper-based publishing is as certain and as inevitable as the end of the use of stone hieroglyphics. It's likely that Generation X will be the last to support the traditional print-publishing industry. The rationale for this prediction is simple: there is absolutely no reason for high school students to carry around pounds of books in their backpack when almost everything else is now paperless. In the following paragraphs, I will explain why the extinction of paper-based textbook publishing is inevitable and why the strategies of the publishing industry to maintain its grip should be viewed as last-gasp efforts.
MALDI MS and strategies for protein analysis.

MALDI, combined with enzymatic reactions and protein chemistry, provides information on molecular masses, peptide maps, and primary structure.
Control and Prevention of Mites in Granary and Rice Weevil Cultures

Laboratory cultures of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryza (L.), were invaded by mites of two genera, Typhlodromus and Acaropsis. Several acaricides were tested for the purpose of eliminating mites from rearing and testing areas of the laboratory without causing undue harm to insects in cultures. Methods are described for the use of Kelthane and Chlorobenzilate to eradicate mites in rearing and testing areas of a stored-product insects laboratory, the use of Kelthane for the control of mites in weevil cultures, and for the prevention of new infestations.
Primary reninism: hypertension, hyperreninaemia and secondary aldosteronism due to juxtaglomerular renal cell tumours.

1. A further case of renin-secreting renal juxtaglomerular cell tumour is reported. 2. Hypertension, aldosteronism and hypokalaemia were associated with high peripheral levels of renin. 3. Renin activity was twice as high in right as in left renal vein plasma. 4. A renal juxtaglomerular cell tumour was found in the right kidney and removed, after which the biochemical abnormalities and blood pressure were promptly corrected. 5. Explants of tumour tissue in culture produced large amounts of renin.
Distributed representation-based spoken word sense induction.

Spoken Term Detection (STD) or Keyword Search (KWS) techniques can locate keyword instances but do not differentiate between meanings. Spoken Word Sense Induction (SWSI) differentiates target instances by clustering according to context, providing a more useful result. In this paper we present a fully unsupervised SWSI approach based on distributed representations of spoken utterances. We compare this approach to several others, including the state-of-the-art Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP). To determine how ASR performance affects SWSI, we used three different levels of Word Error Rate (WER), 40%, 20% and 0%; 40% WER is representative of online video, 0% of text. We show that the distributed representation approach outperforms all other approaches, regardless of the WER. Although LDA-based approaches do well on clean data, they degrade significantly with WER. Paradoxically, lower WER does not guarantee better SWSI performance, due to the influence of common locutions.
Predictors of waist circumference change in healthy young adults

OBJECTIVE : To identify predictors of a change in waist circumference in a group of healthy young adults. SUBJECTS : Caucasian, 121 women and 109 men, participating in a longitudinal investigation of cardiovascular risk factors in parents and their young children. MEASUREMENTS : Evaluations of body weight, waist and hip circumferences, dietary intake, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake were performed annually. Age was recorded and family history of disease was assessed. RESULTS : For women, covariates and modifiable predictors accounted for 67% of the variance in waist circumference change from Year 1 to Year 3. Women with lower baseline waist girths, lower baseline hip girths, higher baseline body weight, and a greater change in body weight had larger increases in waist girth. For men, covariates and modifiable predictors accounted for 72% of the variance in waist circumference change. Men with lower baseline waist girth, a greater change in hip girth, higher baseline body weight, greater increases in body weight, and less percent of fat in the diet at baseline had larger increases in waist girth. Other non-modifiable variables did not predict change in either gender. CONCLUSION : Reducing excess body weight and decreasing weight gain appear to be the most important factors in preventing the accumulation of upper body fat.
The origins of urinary stone disease: upstream mineral formations initiate downstream Randall's plaque.

To describe a new hypothesis for the initial events leading to urinary stones. A biomechanical perspective on Randall's plaque formation through form and function relationships is applied to functional units within the kidney, we have termed the 'medullo-papillary complex' - a dynamic relationship between intratubular and interstitial mineral aggregates.A complete MEDLINE search was performed to examine the existing literature on the anatomical and physiological relationships in the renal medulla and papilla. Sectioned human renal medulla with papilla from radical nephrectomy specimens were imaged using a high resolution micro X-ray computed tomography. The location, distribution, and density of mineral aggregates within the medullo-papillary complex were identified.Mineral aggregates were seen proximally in all specimens within the outer medulla of the medullary complex and were intratubular. Distal interstitial mineralisation at the papillary tip corresponding to Randall's plaque was not seen until a threshold of proximal mineralisation was observed. Mineral density measurements suggest varied chemical compositions between the proximal intratubular (330 mg/cm3 ) and distal interstitial (270 mg/cm3 ) deposits. A review of the literature revealed distinct anatomical compartments and gradients across the medullo-papillary complex that supports the empirical observations that proximal mineralisation triggers distal Randall's plaque formation.The early stone event is initiated by intratubular mineralisation of the renal medullary tissue leading to the interstitial mineralisation that is observed as Randall's plaque. We base this novel hypothesis on a multiscale biomechanics perspective involving form and function relationships, and empirical observations. Additional studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.
Dual Disloyalties: Law and Medical Ethics at Guantánamo Bay

At a recent symposium held in Seton Hall Law School and simulcast to hundreds of academic institutions in the United States and abroad, I was asked to address the question: “Guantanamo Bay: How should we respond?” When I thought about this question, it occurred to me that we talk about “responding” in a number of ways. We respond in games, such as chess or bridge. But the detention policy of the Bush Administration (henceforth, the “Administration”) is not a game—certainly not from the perspectives of those who are being (or have been) detained at Guantanamo Bay for prolonged periods since the “global war on terror” began. We also respond in conversation. However, we should not permit rhetoric to distract from action on the ground. Statements of interrogation and detention policy are one thing (especially when prepared for public consumption or in response to public criticism); interrogation and detention practices may be quite another. We respond in negotiation. That model, too, makes me uncomfortable. My intuition and my legal training tell me that some things should simply not be negotiable, among them certain absolute commitments to fundamental human rights: freedom from cruel, inhuman, and degrading (CID) treatment, as well as freedom from torture. This is, after all, the position adopted in two core human rights treaties: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the Convention against Torture and Other
Social Impact of Reputation

What is the potential social impact of the approach presented in this volume? In the present chapter, we will summarise some of the issues discussed in Chapter 1, giving special attention for the transfer of knowledge to policymaking and social and institutional monitoring. In the next chapter, we will focus upon the relevance of the modeling and simulation work reported so far in the design and implementation of reputational systems for ICT applications.
Approximation and Non-Approximation on Riemann Surfaces

My purpose in both the talk and this article is to acquaint the audience and readers with just a few of the developments, both historical and recent, in the theory of uniform approximation by analytic functions of one complex variable.
Planning and Developing Leadership within the Organization

This exploratory study aims to analyze how organizations and their leaders are developing leadership internally, trying to understand which variables influence the adoption of practices of leadership development in organizations. The dimensions considered in the investigation are divided into three groups which are: i) Type of Organization (TO)-formed by the variables related to the characterization of the organization, ii) the profile of the leader (PFL)-consists of the variables related to the characterization of the leader, and iii) the leadership style perceived by the Leader (EL)-includes the variables of transformational leadership model of Bass and Avolio and used in the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), including the transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership. The existence of practices of leadership development is associated to the dimension of organizations, their level of importance, the existence of leaders succession planning and the use of coaching as a process to equip people with knowledge and tools to self develop and to become more effective. Leaders who promote the practice of leadership development prefer leaders that come from within the organization. The leadership style perceived by the leaders that promotes leadership development practices is the transformational leadership style.