cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alectinib—a new chapter in the management of ALK-positive lung cancer

Discovered in lung cancer in 2007, anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) rearrangements have emerged as important therapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) (1). Like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, ALK rearrangements define a distinct molecular subset of NSCLC and confer sensitivity to treatment with genotype-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (2). The first ALK inhibitor to enter the clinic was crizotinib (3). In randomized phase III trials, crizotinib produced significant improvements in objective response rates (ORRs) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to first- and second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy (4,5). This has established crizotinib as a standard of care for the management of ALK -positive NSCLC. Nonetheless, patients almost invariably relapse on crizotinib—commonly within one year.
Ten steps to a patient-centered medical home.

Start with steps that increase practice revenue. Then you'll be better able to afford the steps that just make practice better and more satisfying.
Expanding the Conceptualization of PSOC

The chapters of this book are but a small example of the continually growing body of evidence showing that psychological sense of community (PSOC) is a meaningful construct across a range of types of communities, as well as being a construct that is significantly related to individual and community outcomes. These findings appear to be the case whether community is defined as a geographic territory (e.g., Brodsky, O’Campo & Aronson, 1999; Davidson & Cotter, 1986; Garcia, Giuliani, & Wiesenfeld, 1999), a physical setting (e.g., Battistich, Solomon, Watson, & Schaps, 1997; Brodsky & Marx, 2001; Pretty, Andrewes, & Collett, 1994), a relational community (e.g., Brodsky & Marx, 2001; Compas, 1981), or an identity group (e.g., Catano, Pretty, Southwell, & Cole, 1993; Sonn, 1996; Sonn & Fisher, 1996).
Synthesis and Structural and Initial Cancer Cell Line Characterization of Organotin Polyesters from Dipicolinic Acid

The interfacial polymerization is employed to produce high polymer poly(ester ethers) from the reaction of the salt of dipicolinic acid and various organotin dihalides. They are rapidly synthesized with yield increasing as the length of the organotin alkyl chain increases. Infrared spectroscopy shows the formation of new bands derived from the Sn–O and Sn–O(CO) linkages. IR also shows that the products exist as a combination of molecular geometries about the tin atom. MALDI MS shows formation of ion fragment clusters to five and six units in length. The products show good inhibition of a variety of cancer cell lines including two pancreatic cancer cell lines.
The Use of Stereoscopic Imaging Techniques to Reduce Apparent Loss of Information Caused by Image Damage

AbstractStereoscopic viewing techniques may often be used to reclaim data which has apparently become lost through physical or chemical degradation of images. The original to be preserved may not necessarily itself be stereoscopic but merely an identical copy.The technique assumes that degradation of any two images is unlikely to be identical on a site for site basis and that stereoscopic viewing will always reject the lesser quality site in preference for the more perfect site in recomposing the original image.
George Washington’s Leadership of Congress: Director or Facilitator?

AbstractI have argued in other research that modern presidents have been facilitators rather than directors of change. They are highly dependent on their environments and can do little to increase their resources of influence. This article probes such a theory of presidential leadership further by examining the congressional leadership of George Washington.Perhaps the most revered political leader in American history, Washington entered office with tremendous prestige, a Congress dominated by men he viewed as political allies, and, because he was the first president, the fewest constraining precedents of policy or process. Thus, Washington enjoyed the greatest potential to serve as a “director” and move the country in new directions through his leadership.Yet the study reveals that Washington was mainly a facilitator, not a director of change—much like George Bush two centuries later. Systemic factors such as political culture and the structure of the constitutional system determined that Washington had t...
Empowered Sexual Objects? The Priming Influence of Self-Sexualization on Thoughts and Beliefs Related to Gender, Sex, and Power

This study investigated the effects of exposure to self-sexualization on young adults’ thoughts and beliefs about gender and sexuality. An experiment in which participants viewed music videos featuring self-sexualization of female artists (experimental) or performance-based music videos of the same artists (control) revealed that the videos primed thoughts about sex, but not power. Among men who liked the artists, watching self-sexualizing music videos predicted modern sexism and the beliefs that sex is power for women, women are sex objects, and men are sex driven. Among women who liked the artists, watching self-sexualizing music videos predicted enjoyment of sexualization.
Comparing the Effects of Vivid Writing and Photographs on Moral Judgment in Public Relations

This experiment explores whether vivid writing can improve ethical reasoning by testing it in public relations against non-vivid writing, alone and in combination with pictures. Vivid writing has e...
Quantum Dots for Visible-Light Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Abstract Photocatalytic reduction of CO2, particularly under visible or near-infrared light illumination, has attracted significant attention as a promising strategy to mitigate the damaging impact on the environment from the use of fossil fuels. This approach can potentially not only capture CO2 but also convert it to valuable chemicals and fuels using the abundant and clean sunlight. A variety of different catalysts have been intensively investigated over the last three decades. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a potential material for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 since the discovery of their unique properties due to quantum confinement in the early 1980s. This chapter discusses the exploration of such a unique class of materials with very interesting optical and electronic properties to enhance the catalytic activity for CO2 reduction under low-energy visible light excitation.
Research in Architectural Education: Theory and Practice of Visual Training

Today, the significance of vision is often considered from multiple points of view including perceptual, cognitive, imaginative, historical, technical, ethical, cultural, and critical perspectives. Visual Studies, Visual Communication and Visual Design are popular courses of study found in many programs of higher education. This paper centers on a course called Visual Training within the domain of architectural education. To illustrate the pedagogical significance of the 78-year old practice, a methodology of Visual Training as it has been conducted at Illinois Institute of Technology is presented. The paper describes the program of exercises used, and through an interpretation of the course outcomes, it reveals the course structure and pedagogical theory. The discussion shows how Visual Training establishes grounds for architectural critique based on visual perception and aesthetic judgment. In looking at this case of Visual Training, the paper revisits some of the fundamental premises of architectural pedagogy – from methods to ideals – and challenges assumptions about the role of vision in education by calling attention to existing biases shaping many of today’s programs.
Impact of pulsed power loads on advanced aircraft electric power systems with hybrid APU

Pulsed power loads such as electromagnetic guns, electron lasers, high-power radars, electromagnetic launch and recovery systems can cause significant stress on aircraft electric power systems. In this paper, the performance characteristics of a fully integrated advanced aircraft electric power system (AAEPS) with a hybrid fuel cell-battery auxiliary power unit and connected pulsed power loads are investigated. Connected pulsed power loads on aircraft electric power systems may cause the power generator to undergo transient behavior which in turn can cause significant stresses on the shaft and the actuator. Moreover, pulsed power loads can also affect the power quality and voltage stability of the aircraft electric power system. Drawing short-duration high power in an intermittent fashion by the pulsed loads can cause frequency and voltage fluctuations which may lead to sensitive load malfunctioning and instability of the aircraft power distribution network. In this paper, the impact of pulsed power loads has been studied with different scenarios and case-studies. The results obtained stresses the need develop and install compensating devices to maintain the stability of the AAEPS in the event of severe pulsed power load operation.
Computer-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery (CAOS): Pros and Cons

Computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) has recently evolved as an important technical application that has offered substantial improvements over conventional instrumented methods. The possibility of using computers in total joint replacement surgery is not a recent discovery, as Bargar and Paul introduced the first successful robotic application for total hips in 1987.1 Their system was a development effort with IBM, which had identified a considerable research program to apply robotics to medicine. Perhaps the most significant discovery at the time was to refine digital software algorithms to the level of “pixel accuracy” (20–30 μm). This was required for the machining of custom total hip femoral implants that were implanted at that time. The next years of evolution occurred in Europe, where computer algorithms were advanced to allow intraoperative registration, removing the need for preoperative fiducial placement. DiGioia and Jaramaz developed the first computed tomography (CT) system that could be applied for navigation of the acetabular component.2 Actually, this approach was a step backward because the complex robot was not needed. Imageless total knee applications were an even simpler method because preoperative images were no longer needed.
Wideband RF and analog self-interference cancellation filter for simultaneous transmit and receive system

To address the limited spectrum, current communication systems employ either frequency division duplex (FDD) or time division duplex (TDD) transceivers. These duplexing techniques exploit orthogonality of the time/frequency resources, to reuse the spectrum. A popular approach for implementing full duplex communication without increasing resource utilization is the simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) scheme. However, the implementation of STAR systems is hindered by the high power transmitted signal which inevitably couples to the receiver, causing higher interference in the band of interest. It is therefore necessary to suppress this interference. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a 2-stage interference cancellation at the RF and analog domain. This results in 50dB suppression of the coupled signal across a wide bandwidth of 500MHz.
Historical Contestants: African American Documentary Traditions in On the Shoulders of Giants:

This case study of Deborah Morales’s On the Shoulders of Giants: The Story of the Greatest Team You’ve Never Heard Of (2011) examines African American documentary’s relationship to sports documenta...
Adaptive control and self-stabilization

This paper presents a new methodology for the global stability analysis, and consequently, for the design of robust deterministic and stochastic adaptive control, filtering and prediction. The methodology advocated herein represents a mathematical formalization of the self-stabilization mechanism which is a natural characteristic of every properly designed adaptive system. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by solving the robust deterministic and stochastic adaptive control problems. It is shown that very small algorithm gains μ, may produce very large signals in the adaptive loop, which are unacceptable for practical applications. The intensity of the admissible unmodelled dynamics does not depend on the algorithm design parameters and it is specified in terms of the corresponding H ∞ norm.
A Hybrid Form of Telemedicine: A Unique Way to Extend Intensive Care Service to Neonates in Medically Underserved Areas

Abstract Background: More than 90% of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States are in urban areas, denying rural residents' easy NICU access. Telemedicine use for patient contact ...
‘E’ for empire: postmodernism and imperial ideology in the context of the Sochi Olympic Games

AbstractThis article discusses two cultural products associated with the Winter Olympics in Sochi 2014: the ‘Russian Alphabet’ video that was used as part of the opening ceremony; and the ‘alternat...
Understanding Biofeedback Equipment and an Introduction to the Electromyograph

Most generally, biofeedback 2 may be described as the monitoring of some changing physiological process and the feeding back of the generated signal to the individual being monitored. Certain of these physiological processes are accompanied by changes in bioelectric potentials that may be monitored and used as the basis of the feedback signal. Devices have been designed to record the changing electrical activity of muscles [electromyograph (EMG)], brain [electroencephalograph (EEG)], heart [electrocardiograph (EKG)], skin [electrodermograph (EDG)], and eye [electrooculograph (EOG)]. The basic principles underlying the operation of all these devices are similar; the objective of this lab is to use one of the devices, the EMG, to gain an understanding of these basic principles.
Like A Virgin: Temptation, Resistance, and the Construction of Identities Based on “Not Doings”

Despite the attention given to what actors do, identity theorists give virtually no attention to those behaviors in which individuals do not engage, the assumption being that these acts are not influential. In this article, I use the generic case of the virgin identity to demonstrate the social construction of what I term “never identities,” a subcategory of the various identities based on not engaging in particular acts (simply, “not doings”). Through the use of fictional genre, it becomes evident that such identities are not based on absence alone, but are more about demonstrated resistance to the trials of temptation and the evaluation of these tests by others. While this article focuses on the construction of such identities under specific historical circumstances, I argue that the findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of a largely overlooked yet critical area of identity research. Future research on never identities should consider the temporal norms of such identities (e.g., the “expected stay” in such states), the degree of technical purity required, and the issue of directionality (i.e., whether one can return to such identities subsequent to exiting).
Steady Separation of Incompressible Laminar Flow from Two-dimensional Surfaces

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a steady separation of incompressible laminar flow from two-dimensional surfaces. It presents analytical and experimental results of the laminar boundary layer of steady, two-dimensional flows in the subsonic speed range. The separation of incompressible laminar flow occurs at small values of adverse pressure gradient. In the boundary layer theory, the laminar boundary layer is more amenable to mathematical treatment, and the flow characteristics of laminar flow can be predicted to a high degree of accuracy compared to the turbulent boundary layer. For turbulent flow, because of the lack of thorough understanding of the mechanics of turbulence, empirical investigations are needed to supplement the analytical predictions. The chapter presents the more exact method of Gortier.
Signal design problems in multi-channel data communication

On October 3, 1988 Michael Honig from Bell Communications Research (Bellcore) has described several problems in data communications which involve multidimensional inputs. In a previous talk (October 1987; see [1]) he had reported on ongoing research with one-dimensional inputs and explained the motivation for the problems; see [1; Chap. 2]. Multidimensional problems arise in situations where signals in the channel are not completely isolated from one another, for instance when there is crosstalk. Following Honig’s talk we shall describe some of the problem areas.
Semantic Equivalence in Concept Discovery

The idea of using invariance, embedded in a description language, in the process of concept discovery was utilized in the COPER system for discovery of physical laws [Kokar, 1986a, 1986b]. It was incorporated in the procedures of COPER, and thus was applicable to the domain of physical laws. This paper presents a step toward construction of a domain-independent module whose goal is to find invariants and utilize them for constructive induction of functional concepts. To this aim, the features of COPER are expressed in the language of algebra, and the algorithm for constructive induction of concepts is described.
Legal Recognition of Gender Change for Transsexual Persons in the United Kingdom: The Human Rights Act of 1998 and 'Compatibility' with European Human Rights Law

This article explores the evolution of legal recognition of transsexuals in their new gender under British and European law. It details the three and a half decade battle in England, as well as in the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice, leading to the enactment in the UK of the Gender Recognition Act 2004. It also compares these developments to the unsatisfactory state of the law on this subject in the US.
Engel Curves for 29 Categories of CES Expenditure

In the chapters to this point, price information collected in quarterly surveys by the American Chambers of Commerce Research Association has been combined with the CES quarterly surveys to create data sets from which price as well as total-expenditure elasticities have been estimated. However, because of the limited coverage of the ACCRA data, estimation has been restricted to a fairly high level of aggregation. While the price and total-expenditure elasticities obtained at this level are obviously of interest in their own right, one of the main findings with the CES data is that the presence or absence of prices in demand functions makes little difference to the estimates of total-expenditure elasticities. This apparent absence of an omitted-variables bias is an important result, for it suggests that estimates of total-expenditure elasticities at lower levels of aggregation, for which expenditure data are available but price information is not, can reasonably be assumed to be free of bias as well.
La posibilidad combinatoria de nada: una consecuencia para universales inmanentes

This paper focuses on the possibility of conceiving a form of ontological nihilism, starting from D. M. Armstrong’s combinatorialism. This possibility has been suggested by Efird and Stoneham, by means of proposing an alternative strategy to the ‘subtraction argument’. They claim that it is possible to sustain such nihilism trough the concepts of construction and totality state of affairs. However, this hypothesis will require the acceptance of non-instanciated universals, that is, platonic universals. Yet this is opposite to requirements that are basic for a combinatorial theory, which should uphold that universals exist only in their instantiations. Then, the assumption of platonic universals results in high costs for a combinatorial naturalism, according to which only exists what is located in space and time.
Social Media and Suicide: A Review of Technology-Based Epidemiology and Risk Assessment.

Abstract Introduction: Suicide is a significant public health problem among teenagers and young adults in the United States, placing significant stress on emergency departments (EDs) to effectively...
Honeypot Deception Tactics

Honeypots on computer networks are most effective when they use deception to fool cyberadversaries into thinking that they are not actual decoy intelligence collectors. Honeypot deception can be made more effective when applied with variety. We discuss the range of deception tactics of which honeypots can take advantage. Ideas can come from deception theory, and honeypot deceptions can benefit from planning and experimentation.
Impact of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant on Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on NPM1 and FLT3 Mutational Status

Introduction There have been considerable advances in the understanding of molecular markers in acute myeloid leukemia(AML). It is widely accepted that internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the juxta membrane domain of the fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) gene in patients with AML is associated with an increased risk of relapse and reduced overall survival. In several studies, alloSCT performed in first complete remission (CR) from matched-related donors (MRDs) has been shown to result in an improved survival. There is also evidence that alloSCT improves OS in high allelic ratio FLT3-ITD AML and in patients with low allelic ratio FLT3-ITD AML and wild-type nucleophosmin (NPM1) but not in mutated NPM1 with low FLT3 ITD ratio. We wanted to validate these findings in our own cohort. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 723 consecutive patients (>18 years) with newly diagnosed AML treated at Mayo clinic between January 2007 and July 2016. Patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics and known NPM1 and FLT3 molecular genetics were included in the study (n =198). Patients who had M3 AML, who were lost to follow up and without molecular data were excluded. We analyzed outcomes based on therapy and molecular mutations. Results Baseline characteristics are listed in Table 1. As expected patients receiving alloSCT were younger and a higher proportion received high intensity induction therapy. The majority of patients were transplanted in CR 1 (72%, n=55), Table 2. Median time to transplant was 4.6 months (range 2-64 months). Median follow up for the entire cohort was 62 months. At last follow up 117 (59%) of patients have died. Median OS for the whole cohort was 27 months. OS was longer in patients receiving alloSCT (median OS 87 months vs 16 months for No SCT, p=0.0001)(Figure 1A). This survival advantage remained significant amongst patients achieving CR1 (Figure 1B). Molecular mutations predicted survival based on FLT3 and NMP1 status primarily amongst the non-transplant cohort (Figure 1C). Patients receiving SCT had a similar survival irrespective of molecular mutation profile(Figure 1D). Amongst the FLT3+ cohort, data on subtype and ITD allelic ratio were available in 47 patients (FLT3 ITD low allelic ratio ( Conclusion In our cohort, patients with intermediate risk AML achieving CR1 benefited from alloSCT. The poor prognostic impact of FLT3 mutations in this cohort may be abrogated by alloSCT. The FLT3 mutation burden (allelic ratio) may help further prognosticate this category of patients with intermediate risk AML.
Computational STAT3 activity inference reveals its roles in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment.

Transcription factor (TF) STAT3 contributes to pancreatic cancer progression through its regulatory roles in both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of all TFs in patient-derived gene expression datasets and confirmed STAT3 as a critical regulator in the pancreatic TME. Importantly, we developed a novel framework that is based on TF target gene expression to distinguish between environmental- and tumor-specific STAT3 activities in gene expression studies. Using this framework, our results novelly showed that compartment-specific STAT3 activities, but not STAT3 mRNA, have prognostications towards clinical values within pancreatic cancer datasets. In addition, high TME-derived STAT3 activity correlates with an immunosuppressive TME in pancreatic cancer, characterized by CD4 T cell and monocyte infiltration and high copy number variation burden. Where environmental-STAT3 seemed to play a dominant role at primary pancreatic sites, tumor-specific STAT3 seemed dominant at metastatic sites where its high activity persisted. In conclusion, by combining compartment-specific inference with other tumor characteristics, including copy number variation and immune-related gene expression, we demonstrate our method’s utility as a tool to generate novel hypotheses about TFs in tumor biology.
Influence of Arctic sea-ice variability on Pacific trade winds

A conceptual model connecting seasonal loss of Arctic sea ice to midlatitude extreme weather events is applied to the 21st-century intensification of Central Pacific trade winds, emergence of Central Pacific El Nino events, and weakening of the North Pacific Aleutian Low Circulation. According to the model, Arctic Ocean warming following the summer sea-ice melt drives vertical convection that perturbs the upper troposphere. Static stability calculations show that upward convection occurs in annual 40- to 45-d episodes over the seasonally ice-free areas of the Beaufort-to-Kara Sea arc. The episodes generate planetary waves and higher-frequency wave trains that transport momentum and heat southward in the upper troposphere. Regression of upper tropospheric circulation data on September sea-ice area indicates that convection episodes produce wave-mediated teleconnections between the maximum ice-loss region north of the Siberian Arctic coast and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). These teleconnections generate oppositely directed trade-wind anomalies in the Central and Eastern Pacific during boreal winter. The interaction of upper troposphere waves with the ITCZ air-sea column may also trigger Central Pacific El Nino events. Finally, waves reflected northward from the ITCZ air column and/or generated by triggered El Nino events may be responsible for the late winter weakening of the Aleutian Low Circulation in recent years.
Creating Real Change at Academic Medical Centers — How Social Movements Can Be Timely Catalysts

Creating Real Change at Academic Medical Centers Capitalizing on the urgency generated by the Black Lives Matter movement, residents and faculty at an academic health care institution take steps to...
Existing Conservation Efforts

The present vascular flora is in a fragile condition. Estimates of the conservation status of native and endemic species indicate that 4/5 of the flora is regarded as vulnerable to critically endangered. From its origin in 1972, CONAF (Corporacion Nacional Forestal) has done a very good job with conservation initiatives, and the Plan de Manejo in 1976 recommended many projects. Because people had lived in San Juan Bautista since 1750, they had a sense of ownership of the island, making it challenging to change their ways of fishing, animal husbandry, and use of forest resources. No one has advocated closing of the village because of the strategic value that the islands have for Chile. A decline in the yearly lobster harvest has underlined need for conservation of this resource for future generations, and ecological awareness world-wide has led to development of ecotourism. Scientists who have worked in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago have commented on the need for stronger conservation measures. Skottsberg made frequent pleas for greater attention. An investment from the Dutch government has allowed construction of administrative buildings, preparation of educational materials, completion of inventories of rare plants, development of propagation beds, and enlargement of the botanical garden.
The Influence of Early Childhood Temperament on Later Social-Emotional Functioning in Youth with Cancer.

Objective One of the peak incidences of childhood cancer is during the early childhood years. This is also an important time for psychosocial and personality development, and it is well known that early childhood temperament influences later psychosocial functioning. However, this association has not been examined in young children with cancer. Methods Parents of children with cancer (N = 39) and healthy comparisons (N = 35) completed an indicator of temperament (Children's Behavior Questionnaire) when children were young (Mage=4.99 ± 1.05 years). Five years later, parents and youth completed measures of psychosocial functioning (Mage=10.15 ± 1.10 years; Behavior Assessment Scale for Children, 2nd edition and Social Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale). Results Parents of healthy comparisons reported that their children demonstrated greater surgency than youth with cancer; there were no differences in negative affect or effortful control. Children with cancer and healthy comparisons were rated similarly on measures of psychosocial functioning. Health status was not a significant predictor of later functioning, but socioeconomic status and temperament were. The influence of temperament was stronger for strengths-based functioning (e.g., social competence, adaptive functioning) versus distress (internalizing and externalizing problems). Conclusions Early childhood temperament is a strong predictor of later psychosocial functioning, regardless of health status. Findings highlight the need to consider temperament in the clinical assessment of psychosocial functioning in children with cancer. Additional research is needed to specifically assess how a diagnosis of cancer in early childhood influences temperament over time.
Human brain interferometers for better blood flow monitoring

Steady cerebral blood flow (CBF) is needed for normal brain function, but continuous monitoring of CBF in humans is currently challenging. Here, by leveraging a low-cost sensor technology, we introduce a class of novel near-infrared optical devices that monitor CBF continuously and non-invasively in adult humans. We achieve this by replacing expensive single photon counting detectors, currently used for optical CBF monitors, with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) arrays. We maintain performance by employing an additional optical “trick” known as interferometry, which transforms each CMOS pixel into a sensitive detector for fluctuations of coherent light that probes blood flow in the brain. Our method is called interferometric Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (iDWS). In this talk we describe technical advantages of iDWS, including recent advances in our approach, and broadly envisage how interferometry can help to advance the field of diffuse optical brain monitoring.
Solid acids for the synthesis of biologically active heterocycles

Abstract Solid acid catalysis is one of the most important areas of heterogeneous catalysis employed by industries in all sectors of chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is widely acknowledged that there is a growing need for more environmentally acceptable methods for acid catalytic reactions in the chemical industry. Solid acid catalyzed reactions are being intensively studied as green alternatives to traditional acid catalysis for organic reactions. The development of different solid acids and the exploration of their applications in synthetic reactions represent an important area of green synthesis development since such approaches enable eco-friendly and potentially sustainable catalytic processes. This chapter focuses on recent advances in the development and application of different solid acids in the green synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
COVID-19: Desafíos de la Infraestructura Regional Universitaria en Chile

Este articulo presenta los principales desafios que enfrentan las instituciones de educacion superior reunidas en la Agrupacion de Universidades Regionales de Chile, en virtud de los impactos que implica la emergencia sanitaria provocada por el Nuevo Coronavirus de 2019, en materia de infraestructura institucional. Contenidos que surgen como producto del trabajo de veintiocho especialistas, reunidos con el proposito de recomendar cursos de accion al pleno de rectores de veintidos casas de estudio, a objeto de responder a una nueva forma de pensar, disenar, operar y habitar los espacios universitarios. Cursos de accion que, a guisa de conclusion, se consignan en el presente manuscrito con el proposito de relevar la importancia de la arquitectura en la salud de las personas y su impacto en las expectativas de vida de la poblacion.
Association Between High Deductible Health Plans and Cost-Related Non-adherence to Medications Among Americans with Diabetes: an Observational Study.

For people with diabetes, adherence to prescribed medications is essential. However, the rising prevalence of high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), and prices of diabetes medications such as insulin, could deter adherence. To assess the impact of HDHP on cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) among non-elderly adults with diabetes in the US. Repeated cross-sectional survey. National Health Interview Survey, 2011–2018. A total of 7469 privately insured adults ages 18–64 with diabetes who were prescribed medications and enrolled in a HDHP or a traditional commercial health plan (TCP). Self-reported measures of CRN were compared between enrollees in HDHPs and TCPs overall and among the subset using insulin. Analyses were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics using multivariable linear regression models. HDHP enrollees were more likely than TCP enrollees to not fill a prescription (13.4% vs 9.9%; adjusted percentage point difference (AD) 3.4 [95% CI 1.5 to 5.4]); skip medication doses (11.4% vs 8.5%; AD 2.8 [CI 1.0 to 4.7]); take less medication (11.1% vs 8.8%; AD 2.3 [CI 0.5 to 4.0]); delay filling a prescription to save money (14.4% vs 10.8%; AD 3.0 [CI 1.1 to 4.9]); and to have any form of CRN (20.4% vs 15.5%; AD 4.4 [CI 2.2 to 6.7]). Among those taking insulin, HDHP enrollees were more likely to have any CRN (25.1% vs 18.9%; AD 5.9 [CI 1.1 to 10.8]). HDHPs are associated with greater CRN among people with diabetes, particularly those prescribed insulin. For people with diabetes, enrollment in non-HDHPs might reduce CRN to prescribed medications.
The Name of the Departed Team: Who Can Use it?

The Trademark Act of 1946, popularly known as the Lanham Act, dictates that a trademark must be used continuously in order to be protected. There is no exception for sports teams who have moved towns and left their trademarks behind. In Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v. Sed Non Olet Denarius, Ltd., 817 F. Supp. 1103 (S.D.N.Y. 1993), the Los Angeles Dodgers sued the owners of a Brooklyn bar for using of the team’s previous name and likeness, the Brooklyn Dodgers, as the bar’s theme. In 1993, the bar owners prevailed under the notion that while their name and logo intentionally mimicked the Brooklyn Dodgers, the Los Angeles Dodgers had left the name behind, and were not commercially threatened by the bar’s existence. This case encouraged Major League Baseball teams to proactively preserve such trademarks after leaving town if they wished to restrict others from using their former team names and logos.
Pediatric Neurologists’ Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Adolescent and Young Adult Women With Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability:

Objective:To explore perspectives of pediatric neurologists regarding sexual and reproductive health care for adolescent women with epilepsy (WWE) and intellectual disability.Methods:We interviewed...
A New Low Cost, Fully Automated Amino Acid Analyzer Using a Gradient HPLC

Since the first generally useful, dependable amino acid analyzer was developed by Spackman, Stein, and Moore (1), a large number of investigators have modified and improved the original scheme for separation of amino acids. Resins, buffers, detection reagents, and hardware have all undergone major refinements in the past 24 years, although the mechanics have basically remained the same. In a sense, the only amino acid analyzer configuration which has deviated in a fundamental way from the original design was the system described by Piez and Morris (2) in I960. Rather than “switch” from one buffer to another, a complex buffer gradient was utilized to elute various amino acids. That system, requiring a multichambered gradient device (3) never really became as popular as the original system since the gradient maker had to be cleared and refilled after each run. The gradient system did not lend itself as readily to automation as the “step” buffer system where a simple valve switches from one buffer to another to another, etc., until the run is over and initial buffer conditions are reestablished.
The Statehood of Palestine: International Law in the Middle East Conflict

Palestine as a territorial entity has experienced a curious history. Until World War I, Palestine was part of the sprawling Ottoman Empire. After the war, Palestine came under the administration of Great Britain by an arrangement with the League of Nations. In 1948 Israel established itself in part of Palestine's territory, and Egypt and Jordan assumed administration of the remainder. By 1967 Israel took control of the sectors administered by Egypt and Jordan and by 1988 Palestine reasserted itself as a state. Recent years saw the international community acknowledging Palestinian statehood as it promotes the goal of two independent states, Israel and Palestine, co-existing peacefully. This book draws on evidence from the 1924 League of Nations mandate to suggest that Palestine was constituted as a state at that time. Palestine remained a state after 1948, even as its territory underwent permutation, and this book provides a detailed account of how Palestine has been recognized until the present day.
Ethics: The Prosecutors' Role as Gatekeepers for Scientific Evidence

Lawyers have been blamed for introducing junk science into the courtroom. To combat the proliferation of junk science, the Supreme Court took the responsibility for screening scientific evidence from the lawyers and put it in the hands of judges who now act as gatekeepers for its evidentiary reliability. That does not mean, however, that lawyers are immune from responsibility for presenting valid and reliable scientific evidence. Particularly in criminal cases where the goal is justice, not just winning, prosecutors have a moral responsibility to understand the science and its methodologies before sponsoring expert witnesses. They should be gatekeepers themselves of scientific evidence they propose to use. An appropriate test for the prosecutor as a gatekeeper might be a good faith basis based on personal investigation to believe the scientific evidence is valid and that the methodologies used in testing are conducted properly. To this end, prosecutors must be trained in forensic sciences and professional responsibility associated with the proffer of scientific evidence. The Department of Justice (DOJ) has failed to adequately train its prosecutors in forensic sciences and to provide them with an acceptable level of professional responsibility training. With three major crime laboratories under its purview, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), the DOJ must enforce its draft Scientific and Research Integrity Policy required by the Executive Office of the President. The DOJ attorneys are generally ill-equipped to be the initial gatekeepers of sound scientific evidence used in criminal prosecutions. With the emergence of more complex forensic science, the DOJ, and other prosecution authorities, can wait no longer to clarify the parameters of their responsibilities governing conduct regarding scientific evidence. Keywords: ethics; professional responsibility; prosecutors; gatekeeper; scientific integrity; Department of Justice; Guiding Principles; junk science; Daubert; expert witness
The Normal Curve and Outlier Detection

No doubt the reader is well aware that the normal curve plays an integral role in applied research. Properties of this curve, that are routinely described in every introductory statistics course, make it extremely important and useful. Yet, in recent years, it has become clear that this curve can be a potential source for misleading and even erroneous conclusions in our quest to under- stand data. This chapter summarizes some basic properties of the normal curve that play an integral role in conventional inferential methods. But this chapter also lays the groundwork for understanding how the normal curve can mislead. A specific example covered here is how the normal curve suggests a frequently employed method for detecting outliers that can be highly misleading in a variety of commonly occurring situations. This chapter also describes the central limit theorem, which is frequently invoked in an attempt to deal with nonnormal probability curves. Often the central limit theorem is taken to imply that with about 25 observations, practical problems due to nonnormality become negligible. There are several reasons why this view is erroneous, one of which is given here. The illustrations in this chapter provide a glimpse of additional problems to be covered.
Overcoming Barriers to Integrating Economic Analysis into Risk Assessment

Regulatory risk analysis is designed to provide decisionmakers with a clearer understanding of how policies are likely to affect risk. The systems that produce risk are biological, physical, and social and economic. As a result, risk analysis is an inherently interdisciplinary task. Yet in practice, risk analysis has been interdisciplinary in only limited ways. Risk analysis could provide more accurate assessments of risk if there were better integration of economics and other social sciences into risk assessment itself. This essay examines how discussions about risk analysis policy have influenced the roles of various disciplines in risk analysis. It explores ways in which integrated bio/physical-economic modeling could contribute to more accurate assessments of risk. It reviews examples of the kind of integrated economics-bio/physical modeling that could be used to enhance risk assessment. The essay ends with a discussion of institutional barriers to greater integration of economic modeling into risk assessment and provides suggestions on how these might be overcome.
Idealism and relevance: An entertainment

Abstract We may question the kind of linguistic description taught on university courses in Applied Linguistics. Transformational Grammar is sometimes selected even though it claims no particular validity as a pedagogical grammar. It is argued that TG is unsuitable because of its narrow view of the nature of language, and because of its theoretical inadequacy.
Devices and microsystems in the automotive industry

The advances in semiconductor design and development and manufacturing processes enable the integration, in the same device or in the same package, of analog, digital and power devices using single and multi-die solutions. In last years these technologies have evolved rapidly, extending voltage capability and integrating highly complex subsystems such as communication controllers or microcontroller units. Automotive industry has been one of the drivers behind the development of these technologies and has rapidly incorporated them in new developments.
A Uchl1-Histone2BmCherry:GFP-gpi BAC transgene for imaging neuronal progenitors.

Summary: Uchl1 encodes the protein gene product 9.5 antigen (PGP9.5) that is a widely used to identify migrating neural progenitors in the PNS, mature neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as neuroendocrine cells. To facilitate analysis of developing peripheral neurons, we linked regulatory regions of Uchl1 carried within a 160kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) to the dual fluorescent reporter H2BmCherry:GFP-gpi. The Uchl1-H2BmCherry:GFP-gpi transgene exhibits robust expression and allows clear discrimination of individual cells and cellular processes in cranial ganglia, sympathetic chain, the enteric nervous system (ENS), and autonomic ganglia of the urogenital system. The transgene also labels subsets of cells in endocrine tissues where earlier in situ hybridization (ISH) studies have previously identified expression of this deubiquinating enzyme. The Uchl1-H2BmCherry:GFP-gpi transgene will be a powerful tool for static and live imaging, as well as isolation of viable neural progenitors to investigate processes of autonomic neurogenesis. genesis 51:852–861. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nesting ecology of waterbirds at Grays Lake, Idaho

Montane wetlands provide valuable habitat for nesting waterfowl and other waterbirds in the western United States, but relatively little information is available about the nesting ecology of their waterbird communities. We describe the general nesting ecology of breeding waterbirds at a large, shallow, montane wetland in southeastern Idaho during 1997-2000. Habitats include upland grasslands and intermittently to semipermanently flooded wetland habitats. We located a total of 1207 nests of 23 bird species: Eared Grebe ( Podiceps nigricollis ), Canada Goose ( Branta canadensis ), Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ), Gadwall ( A. strepera ), American Wigeon ( A. americana ), Green-winged Teal ( A. crecca ), Blue-winged Teal ( A. discors ), Cinnamon Teal ( A. cyanoptera ), Northern Shoveler ( A. clypeata ), Northern Pintail ( A. acuta ), Redhead ( Aythya americana ), Canvasback ( A. valisineria ), Lesser Scaup ( A. affinis ), Ruddy Duck ( Oxyura jamaicensis ), Northern Harrier ( Circus cyaneus ), American Coot ( Fulica americana ), Virginia Rail ( Rallus limicola ), Greater Sandhill Crane ( Grus canadensis tabida ), American Avocet ( Recurvirostra americana ), Long-billed Curlew ( Numenius americanus ), Wilson's Snipe ( Gallinago delicata ), Wilson's Phalarope ( Phalaropus tricolor ), and Short-eared Owl ( Asio flammeus ). Most nests were initiated in May-early June and were terminated (hatched or destroyed) by the 3rd week of June. Mean daily survival rate (DSR) for Canada Goose nests was 0.954 ± 0.005 ( s ‾x ; n = 127 nests), equivalent to Mayfield nest success of 21%. Mean DSR for dabbling duck nests over all 4 years was 0.938 ± 0.006 ( n = 41), equivalent to Mayfield nest success of 11%. For all other species where we found > 10 nests each year (Eared Grebe, Redhead, Canvasback, Coot, Sandhill Crane, American Avocet, and Wilson's Snipe), > 50% of nests found hatched at least 1 young. Success rates for geese, cranes, and ducks were lower than reported for Grays Lake during 1949-1951 and lower than most other wetlands in the region.