cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoionization mass spectrometry: II. Contrasting fragmentation of toluene by photons and by electrons

Abstract The photoionization mass spectra of toluene over the range 12 to 21 eV are contrasted with electron impact spectra over the same energy range. The experimental apparatus uses synchrotron radiation as the light source. The molecular ions from photon impact appear to have higher initial internal energy than those from electron impact at each energy studied. Evidence is presented that the molecular ion is vibrationally predissociated and that both types of spectra are in qualitative agreement with the quasi-equilibrium theory. However, evidence is also presented for a small contribution from a very fast, non-quasi-equilibrium process from the molecular ion paralleling the quasi-equilibrium process.
New Method of Computing Band Offsets and Its Application to AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures

Calculated sheet carrier concentration as a function of Al mole fraction in the quantum well (QW) formed at the GaN/AlGaN heterointerface is calculated and compared to experimental data. Close agreement between experiment and theory is observed. The calculated sheet carrier concentration reflects the maximum carrier concentration possible in the GaN QW for a given Al mole fraction and can not be used to argue in favor of either interface charge or piezoelectric effect as giving rise to the carriers. Based on experimental data the charge density in the AlGaN layer is estimated to be 4 × 1012cm−2 The calculations are based upon a simple technique to determine valence band alignments. Calculated values are compared to experimental data showing excellent agreement. A calculated valence band discontinuity of 0.42eV for AlN/GaN is well within the experimental bounds.
Species richness estimation with high diversity but spurious singletons

The presence of uncommon taxa in high-throughput sequenced ecological samples pose challenges to the microbial ecologist, bioinformatician and statistician. It is rarely certain whether these taxa are truly present in the sample or the result of sequencing errors. Unfortunately, alpha-diversity quantification relies on accurate frequency counts, which can rarely be guaranteed. We present a species richness estimation tool which predicts both the number of unobserved taxa and the number of true singletons based on the non-singleton frequency counts. This method can be treated as either inferential (for formally estimating richness) or exploratory (for assessing robustness of the richness estimate to the singleton count). If the estimate, called breakaway_nof1, is comparable to other richness estimators, this provides evidence that the richness estimate is robust to the level of quality control (eg. chimera-checking) employed in pre-processing. The function breakaway_nof1 is freely available from CRAN via the R package breakaway.
Study on Regulation of Dry Matter Accumulation of Japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Different Population

Dry matter accumulation and effect of transplanting density on yield formation of Songjing 9(super rice varieties) and Songjing 6(conventional varieties) in cold region under different population conditions were studied.The results showed that: in a certain range of transplanting density,the population dry weight,export percentage of the matter in stem and sheath(EPMSS) and transformation percentage of the matter in stem and sheath(TPMSS) of Songjing 6 and Songjing 9 were increased with the density increasing.However,when the density was too large,it actually reduced.It was significantly positive correlated between harvest index(HI) and dry weight of panicle in the heading stage,dry weight of the whole plant in the mature stage.It was very significantly positive correlated between HI and dry weight of panicle in the mature stage.It was significantly positive correlated between EPMSS and dry weight of straw,dry weight of panicle in the mature stage.It was very significantly positive correlated between EPMSS and dry weight of whole plant in the mature stage.It was respectively significantly and highly significantly positive correlation between TPMSS and dry weight of panicle,whole plant dry weight in the mature stage.At the first accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang Province,the optimal planting density of Songjing 6 was 30cm×13.3cm,super rice Songjing 9 was 30cm×16.7cm.
Symbolic Politics of the State The Case of In-state Tuition Bills for Undocumented Students

A symbolic politics approach contends that the meanings policy proposals convey, and the audiences they attract, may matter more than whether they become law. Yet, we know little about the sociopol...
Preparation and Characterization of Two Unsubstituted Hydrazido(1‐) Complexes, W(η5‐C5Me5)Me4(η2‐NHNH2) and (W(η5‐C5Me5)Me3(η2‐NHNH2))+(SO3CF3)‐.

The reaction of the tetramethyl-W complex (I) with 4 equiv. hydrazine (II) yields the thermally unstable η2-hydrazido derivative (III).
Schloen's Patrimonial Pyramid: Explaining Bronze Age Society

The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism In Ugarit and the Ancient Near East, by J. David Schloen. Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant 2. Wlnona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2001. xv + 414 pp., 25 figures, 5 photographs, 17 tables. Cloth. $57.50.
A molecular arms race: new insights into anti-CRISPR mechanisms

Bacteria and phages are engaged in a molecular arms race, constantly coevolving to best each other. The crystal structure of the anti-CRISPR protein AcrF3 bound to Cas3, an essential component of CRISPR-based immunity, sheds light on how phages have found ways to suppress bacterial immunity.
Phone-Based Interventions in Adolescent Psychiatry: A Perspective and Proof of Concept Pilot Study With a Focus on Depression and Autism

Background: Telemedicine has emerged as an innovative platform to diagnose and treat psychiatric disorders in a cost-effective fashion. Previous studies have laid the functional framework for monitoring and treating child psychiatric disorders electronically using videoconferencing, mobile phones (smartphones), and Web-based apps. However, phone call and text message (short message service, SMS) interventions in adolescent psychiatry are less studied than other electronic platforms. Further investigations on the development of these interventions are needed. Objective: The aim of this paper was to explore the utility of text message interventions in adolescent psychiatry and describe a user feedback-driven iterative design process for text message systems. Methods: We developed automated text message interventions using a platform for both depression (EpxDepression) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD; EpxAutism) and conducted 2 pilot studies for each intervention (N=3 and N=6, respectively). The interventions were prescribed by and accessible to the patients’ healthcare providers. EpxDepression and EpxAutism utilized an automated system to triage patients into 1 of 3 risk categories based on their text responses and alerted providers directly via phone and an online interface when patients met provider-specified risk criteria. Rapid text-based feedback from participants and interviews with providers allowed for quick iterative cycles to improve interventions. Results: Patients using EpxDepression had high weekly response rates (100% over 2 to 4 months), but exhibited message fatigue with daily prompts with mean (SD) overall response rates of 66.3% (21.6%) and 64.7% (8.2%) for mood and sleep questionnaires, respectively. In contrast, parents using EpxAutism displayed both high weekly and overall response rates (100% and 85%, respectively, over 1 to 4 months) that did not decay significantly with time. Monthly participant feedback surveys for EpxDepression (7 surveys) and EpxAutism (18 surveys) preliminarily indicated that for both interventions, daily messages constituted the “perfect amount” of contact and that EpxAutism, but not EpxDepression, improved patient communication with providers. Notably, EpxDepression detected thoughts of self-harm in patients before their case managers or caregivers were aware of such ideation. Conclusions: Text-message interventions in adolescent psychiatry can provide a cost-effective and engaging method to track symptoms, behavior, and ideation over time. Following the collection of pilot data and feedback from providers and patients, larger studies are already underway to validate the clinical utility of EpxDepression and EpxAutism. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03002311; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03002311 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qQtlCIS0) [JMIR Res Protoc 2017;6(6):e114]
Comment: Caffeine and PD—Time to consider other interventions

Caffeine had shown promise in a small (61 patients), short (6 weeks), randomized study1 for improving motor function in patients with Parkinson disease. Caffeine holds appeal as an inexpensive intervention that is well-tolerated in most individuals. The investigators for that small study now report the results of a multicenter randomized study2 using the same outcome. They designed the study to have approximately 4 times as many participants, an extended follow-up to evaluate the persistence of any effects, and adequate power to detect a similar effect size as observed in the smaller study. The study focused on symptomatic improvement and not disease progression given the lack of any biological model in which caffeine would affect the latter.
The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice

Eisner originally published The Enlightened Eye in 1991. At that time it received very positive reviews from such eminent teacher education scholars as Jean Clandinin. This reissue follows Eisner's...
Anisotropy stress invariants of thermally stratified wind turbine array boundary layers using large eddy simulations

In the interest of understanding the dynamics and energy transfer between the atmospheric boundary layer and large wind turbine arrays, a description of the turbulence anisotropy in the wake region of wind turbines is necessary. Flux of high momentum flow into the wind turbine array by anisotropic turbulence is a dominant factor of mean kinetic energy resupply for the wind farm. Under thermal stratification, the behavior of the turbulence field, and the energy flux, is significantly altered. Here, a thermally stratified wind turbine array boundary layer is studied in detail using a combination of Lumley and barycentric maps together with the recently introduced spheroid and color maps. The atmospheric flow is modelled using a large eddy simulation driven by a constant geostrophic wind and a time-varying ground surface temperature, obtained from a selected period of the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-99 field experiment. The wind farm is modelled using the traditional actuator-disk with rota...
Advanced Topics in Major Depressive Disorder: Practical Strategies to Improve Remission

Most patients with major depressive disorder will not achieve remission with initial treatment. Strategies to increase the likelihood of achieving remission include regularly measuring response, assessing adverse effects and adherence, addressing non-mood symptoms, and knowing when to switch or augment antidepressants. In this CME Health Spectrum activity, follow 2 patient cases that illustrate these topics.
Nonlinear exponential stabilization of Boussinesq equations

For the one-dimensional Boussinesq equation $$u_{tt} + u_{xxxx} + \beta u_{xx} + \kappa u_x u_{xx} + \gamma (u^2 )_{xx} = f$$ in a bounded domain with homogenous boundary conditions, it is proved that a nonlinear feedback f=−(aut+bu+cu t 3 +du5) achieves the global exponential decay of solutions in the energy space.
Zipf 's Law and 7 ± 2 Principle Lead to a Possible Explanation of Daniel's Law

In 1961, D. R. Daniel observed that the success of a company is usually determined by three to six major factors. This observation has led to many successful management ideas, but they leave one puzzled: why three to six? why not two or seven? In this paper, we provide a possible explanation to this puzzle; namely, we show that these numbers of factors can be derived from Zipf’s Law and from the 7 ± 2 principle.
Carbocyclic 7-Deazaguanosine Nucleosides as Antiviral Agents

Nucleosides in which the ribofuranosyl oxygen is replaced by a methylene to result in a cyclopentane ring are referred to as carbocyclic nucleosides.1 The first such compound was carbocyclic adenosine (1, aristeromycin), which was synthesized in its racemic form2 prior to isolation of the (-)-enantiomer from Streptomyces citncolor.3 The antiviral activity of 14 has stimulated the search for other carbocyclic nucleosides that would display a more favorable therapeutic index.5
Immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis of protein expression.

Abstract Context.—Immunohistochemistry has taken a central role in the field of pathology, and its role is destined to increase as companion diagnostics analogous to the HercepTest are required for new targeted therapeutics. However, the inherent subjectivity of the assessment of an objective value (the in situ protein concentration) suggests that new technologies to measure the protein concentration may be required to achieve the accuracy required for companion diagnostics. Objective.—This article discusses the state of immunohistochemistry and reviews the currently available devices for quantitative in situ assessment of protein expression. Data Sources.—Data for this work were collected from the published literature, the Internet, and from information provided by device vendors. Conclusions.—Although there is a long history of efforts to quantify immunohistochemistry, there has been a lack of broad acceptance because the resultant objective accuracy has not significantly improved outcome measures compa...
Banded Microstructure in AA2024-T351 and AA2524-T351 Aluminum Friction Stir Welds: Part I. Metallurgical Studies

Abstract Results from careful investigations of the banded microstructure observed on horizontal transverse cross-sections in all AA2024-T351 and AA2524-T351 aluminum friction stir weld (FSW) joints indicate the presence of periodic variations in (a) the size of equiaxed grains, (b) micro-hardness, and (c) concentration of base metal impurity particles (i.e. constituent particles) that correlate with the observed band spacing. The latter trend is more distinct in AA2024-T351, which has a higher volume fraction of constituent particles resulting in easily recognizable particle rich regions on horizontal cross-sections near the mid-thickness of the joint and well-defined variations in hardness. In AA2524, the trends are more muted but clearly visible. Results from recent numerical simulations of the FSW process enable interpretation of the trends in grain size along the weld centerline in terms of the time–temperature cycle experienced by the material. Specifically, the AA2524 FSW joints having low power and high input energy (i.e. the slow FSW), exhibit micron-size grain structure across both bands. Conversely, the fast and medium FSW in AA2524 have higher maximum temperatures, and a corresponding six-fold increase in grain size.
Turning doctors into leaders.

Traditional physicians see themselves as courageous lone healers, but they're working in a chaotic, performance-blind system. They need to function as part of a team and measure themselves according to how their patients fare.
The costs of high self-control in Black and Latino youth with asthma: Divergence of mental health and inflammatory profiles.

Abstract Emerging evidence in psychology suggests a paradox whereby high levels of self-control when striving for academic success among minority youth can have physical health costs. This study tested the skin-deep resilience hypothesis in asthma- whether minority youth who are striving hard to succeed academically experience good psychological outcomes but poor asthma outcomes. Youth physician-diagnosed with asthma (N = 276, M age = 12.99; 155 = White, 121 = Black/Latino) completed interviews about school stress and a self-control questionnaire. Outcomes included mental health (anxiety/depression) and ex-vivo immunologic processes relevant to asthma (lymphocyte Th-1 and Th-2 cytokine production, and sensitivity to glucocorticoid inhibition). Physician contacts were tracked over a one-year follow-up. For minority youth experiencing high levels of school stress, greater self-control was associated with fewer mental health symptoms (beta = −0.20, p
Spoken Document Retrieval, Automatic

Spoken document retrieval is defined as information retrieval from transcribed spoken audio, and the basic approach is described. Research experiments demonstrate that information retrieval from transcribed speech can be done almost as effectively as from corresponding correct text. The retrieval performance is relatively immune to moderate amounts of speech recognition errors in the transcripts. Retrieval strategies using query expansion are valuable in mitigating effects of speech recognition errors. These can be supplemented by exploiting information that may be available from large parallel text corpora through automatic document and query augmentation. There is ongoing research in combining multilingual retrieval with spoken document retrieval and video retrieval, which requires spoken document retrieval together with video or image analysis. Some examples of successful applications of spoken document technology in practice are presented.
Accumulated Lifetimes in Single-Axis Vibration Testing

Vibration qualification testing verifies and quantifies a system’s longevity in its proposed service environments. Service environments a system could encounter can impart many ranges of excitation in all directions; however, multi-axis excitation testing capabilities for simulating realistic environments are rare and costly. Therefore, multiple, single-axis vibration tests are commonly used to qualify a system and its components to a lifetime of service environments. Quantifying the equivalent amount of time a component has been tested can be difficult when limited to single-axis tests. Further complications arise due to the fact that real-world service conditions are often measured at a system level without instrumentation on each component. In addition, many mechanical systems include joints and contact surfaces that, if altered, can significantly change the component’s vibration characteristics. This makes replicating the boundary conditions of each component difficult. Therefore, another crucial part of single-axis vibration testing is determining boundary conditions to replicate best the real-world environment onto each component. This paper aims to analyze the effects on lifetime estimates using single-axis vibration testing of components under variations in boundary conditions, testing strategies, control locations, and other configuration options. Methods such as power spectral density (PSD), fatigue damage spectrum (FDS), and Miner’s Rule, with quantities such as fatigue cycles, peak response, and RMS response are used to evaluate boundary conditions, study the response of the components, and determine the severity of various test strategies as it pertains to the overall lifetime of the system.
Branding Space: Deliberate Formations in Beginning Design

Arguably, ambiance in our culture is created in large by architecture and media. The former consumes us as we inhabit spaces both interior and exterior, allowing physical and material constraints — and the programmatic functions they permit — to create ambiance. The latter, media, inhabits us as we consume it. It creates or perhaps manipulates an ambiance within our minds. Through signage, television, and the internet we have graphic design flooding our brains via advertising and marketing: emotionally directing our decisions, telling us to buy this or invest in that. Analogous to material and physical choices that create the ambiance of architecture, we can blame branding strategies and the practices thereof for the strength and power that they give media to create ambiance. While students use branding strategies to assist themselves in creating ambiance through architecture, they are becoming grounded in a process that compels them to carry out objectives and promises made. Ultimately, this undertone of the pedagogical approach is what they can take forward as they embark on more complex projects, where timely decisions must coincide with a singular message and clear vision.
Hot factors for a cold topic: Examining the role of task-value, attention allocation, and engagement on conceptual change

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate a proposed model between learner motivation, attention allocation, cognitive engagement, and conceptual change. We hypothesized that task-value orientation (i.e., utility and attainment values) would positively influence learners' attention allocation and level of cognitive engagement which, in turn, would influence opportunities for conceptual change. A total of 291 undergraduates participated in this study. Results indicated task values were strongly associated with engagement and engagement with conceptual change. Results of structural equation modeling showed attention allocation having a direct effect on cognitive engagement, which in turn was predictive of conceptual change. Implications of our findings are further discussed along with directions for future research.
Христианская женская проза сегодня: неудавшаяся попытка поиска новой женской субъективности?

In her analysis of books by Maya Kucherskaya, Olesya Nikolaeva, and Yulia Voznesenskaya, the author investigates the history of female Christian prose from the 1990s until the present day. According to the author, it was in the 1990s, the period of crisis and transformation of the social system, that female Christian writers were more vocal, than today, on the issues of the new post-Soviet female subjectivity, drawing on folklore imagery and contrasting the folk, pagan philosophy with the Christian one, defined by an established set of rules and limitations for the principal female roles. Thus, the folklore elements in Kucherskaya’s early works are considered as an attempt to represent female subjectivity. However, the author argues that, in their current work, Kucherskaya and other representatives of the so-called female Christian prose tend to choose different, objectivizing methods to represent female characters. This new and conservative approach may have come from a wider social context, including the state-imposed ‘family values’ program.
Variance of the energy of a quantum system in a time-dependent perturbation: Determination by nonadiabatic transition probabilities.

For a quantum system in a time-dependent perturbation, we prove that the variance in the energy depends entirely on the nonadiabatic transition probability amplitudes bk(t). Landau and Lifshitz introduced the nonadiabatic coefficients for the excited states of a perturbed quantum system by integrating by parts in Dirac’s expressions for the coefficients ck(1)(t) of the excited states to first order in the perturbation. This separates ck(1)(t) for each state into an adiabatic term ak(1)(t) and a nonadiabatic term bk(1)(t). The adiabatic term follows the adiabatic theorem of Born and Fock; it reflects the adjustment of the initial state to the perturbation without transitions. If the response to a time-dependent perturbation is entirely adiabatic, the variance in the energy is zero. The nonadiabatic term bk(1)(t) represents actual excitations away from the initial state. As a key result of the current work, we derive the variance in the energy of the quantum system and all of the higher moments of the energy distribution using the values of |bk(t)|2 for each of the excited states along with the energy differences between the excited states and the ground state. We prove that the same variance (through second order) is obtained in terms of Dirac’s excited-state coefficients ck(t). We show that the results from a standard statistical analysis of the variance are consistent with the quantum results if the probability of excitation Pk is set equal to |bk(t)|2, but not if the probability of excitation is set equal to |ck(t)|2. We illustrate the differences between the variances calculated with the two different forms of Pk for vibration–rotation transitions of HCl in the gas phase.
Early-Career Scientists Shaping the New Microbiology.

150 years after Louis Pasteur9s germ theory ushered in the “golden age of microbiology” (1), infectious disease research is taking center stage again.…
The Gamification as a Resourceful Tool to Improve Work Performance

Gamification is the use of game and behavioral analytics, game mechanics, interactive media, and social networking to improve work performance and transform a business by engaging and training users to solve problems. Gaming techniques and strategies have been used in areas such as employee training programs, financial services websites, customer relationship management, project management, business intelligence, market research, online shopping, and education. The level of sophistication involved in the technology applied to these needs varies greatly. This chapter will focus on the more technologically sophisticated methods applied to implementing gaming solutions in work situations. The use of gamification technologies that extends the video gamer lifestyle and skill set to engage and build loyalty with customers and employees will be discussed. Cases of practices in applying gamification to provide solutions for businesses will be examined. This chapter will conclude with imitations, implications, managerial caveats, and assessment of gamification.
Taxation and Business: The Human Rights Dimension of Corporate Tax Practices

If we want to narrow the North-South divide that threatens our world, some limits on tax competition are inevitable. The world faces a crucial choice in the 2020s. We can either continue retreating from globalization in favor of xenophobic nationalism, tariffs, immigration restrictions, and exchange controls. That road leads ultimately to war, as it did in the 1930s. Or we can revive globalization by investing in a robust social safety net, infrastructure, education, and job creation. While more needs to be done, we have made significant progress in curbing tax competition in the last decade. The key move now is to take the added revenue and spend it wisely.
A potential novel therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy: a chemokine receptor (CCR2/CCR5) inhibitor reduces retinal vascular leakage in an animal model

We have previously shown that the chemokine CCL2 plays an important role in monocyte trafficking into the retina and alteration of the BRB in an animal model of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we examined the effect of pharmacologically targeting the chemokine pathway to reduce the increased retinal vascular permeability in this model. C57BL/6 J mice were made diabetic using streptozotocin. After 4 months of diabetes, mice (n = 10) were treated by intraperitoneal injections of TAK-779 (dual CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor) (30 mg/kg) daily for 2 weeks. Retinal vascular permeability and protein expression were done using western blot. The SDF-1 levels were measured by ELISA. Immune cell infiltration in the retinas was measured using flow cytometry. The dual inhibitor significantly decreased retinal vascular permeability in diabetic animals. There was a significant reduction in macrophage/microglia infiltration in the retinas of treated animals. Levels of SDF-1 and ICAM-1 were significantly reduced and the tight junction protein ZO-1 level was increased, and phospho-VE-Cad was significantly reduced with drug treatment. A chemokine receptor inhibitor (CCR2/CCR5) can reduce retinal vascular permeability in diabetic animals. Targeting the chemokine pathway pharmacologically may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy in management of diabetic macular edema.
The acoustic behavior of the katydid Amblycorypha parvipennis and the function of acoustic interaction in sexual selection

92 INTRODUCTION 94 MATERIALS AND METHODS 103 Subjects and Housing 103 Construction of the Computer Generated Calls 103 Female Phonotaxis Experiments 108 Data Analysis 109 RESULTS 111 DISCUSSION 115
Factors Associated with Oophorectomy in Patients with Suspected Ovarian Torsion

Objective: To determine clinical factors that are associated with an increased likelihood of having oophorectomy at the time of surgery in patients with suspected ovarian torsion (OT). Design: This...
Bleeding After Elective Interventional Endoscopic Procedures in a Large Cohort of Patients With Cirrhosis.

Introduction Elective therapeutic endoscopy is an important component of care of cirrhotic patients, but there are concerns regarding the risk of bleeding. This study examined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of bleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), colonoscopic polypectomy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy in cirrhotic patients. Methods A cohort study of patients with cirrhosis who underwent the above procedures at a single center between 2012 and 2014 was performed. Patients with active bleeding at the time of procedure were excluded. Patients were followed for 30 days to assess for postprocedural bleeding and for 90 days for mortality. Results A total of 1,324 procedures were performed in 857 patients (886 upper endoscopies, 358 colonoscopies, and 80 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpies). After EVL, bleeding occurred in 2.8%; after polypectomy, bleeding occurred in 2.0%; and after sphincterotomy, bleeding occurred in 3.8%. Independent predictors of bleeding after EVL and polypectomy included younger age and lower hemoglobin. For EVL, bleeding was also associated with infection and model for end-stage liver disease-Na. International normalized ratio was associated with bleeding in univariate analysis only, and platelet count was not associated with bleeding in any procedure. Bleeding after EVL was associated with 29% 90-day mortality, and bleeding after polypectomy was associated with 14% mortality. Of the 3 patients with postsphincterotomy bleeding, none were outliers regarding their baseline characteristics. Discussion In patients with cirrhosis, bleeding occurs infrequently after elective therapeutic endoscopy and is associated with younger age, lower hemoglobin, and high mortality. Consideration of these risk factors may guide appropriate timing and preprocedural management to optimize outcomes.
Analyzing the effectiveness of rescheduling and Flexible Execution methods to address uncertainty in execution duration for a planetary rover

Abstract During execution, activity durations may vary from those predicted in the generated schedule. In this article we study (re) scheduling invocation, execution during rescheduling, and flexible execution to enable a high level of responsiveness to uncertainty in activity execution duration. We discuss these methods theoretically in the context of an embedded scheduler and practically in the context of a limited CPU embedded scheduler with a nonzero scheduler runtime intended for a planetary rover. We use the concept of a commit window to enable execution of the previously generated schedule while (re) scheduling. We define Fixed Cadence and Event Driven scheduling as methods to decide when to reinvoke the scheduler. We define and analyze Flexible Execution (FE) as an approach to execute the generated schedule while adapting it to variations in execution. Specifically, FE focuses on (1) how to take advantage of activities ending earlier than expected and (2) how to maintain a consistent schedule if activities take more time than expected. We present a theoretical model and empirical results documenting how these various methods interact and perform on both synthetic data and best available data for NASA’s next planetary rover, the Mars 2020 rover. We then describe how these analyses influenced the onboard software for the Mars 2020 rover.
Innate Mechanisms of Heart Regeneration

Heart regeneration is a remarkable process whereby regrowth of damaged cardiac tissue rehabilitates organ anatomy and function. Unfortunately, the human heart is highly resistant to regeneration, which creates a shortage of cardiomyocytes in the wake of ischemic injury, and explains, in part, why coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Luckily, a detailed blueprint for achieving therapeutic heart regeneration already exists in nature because several lower vertebrate species successfully regenerate amputated or damaged heart muscle through robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. A growing number of species are being interrogated for cardiac regenerative potential, and several commonalities have emerged between those animals showing high or low innate capabilities. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the field, discuss how regenerative potential is influenced by cardiomyocyte properties, mitogenic signals, and chromatin accessibility, and highlight unanswered questions under active investigation. Ultimately, delineating why heart regeneration occurs preferentially in some organisms, but not in others, will uncover novel therapeutic inroads for achieving cardiac restoration in humans.
Performance of the BD Veritor system SARS-CoV-2 antigen test among asymptomatic collegiate athletes: A diagnostic accuracy study

Background COVID-19 testing strategies and determining the accuracy of tests is crucial for the prevention of disease in asymptomatic communities. Objective To determine the positive predictive value for the BD Veritor System for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 (BD Veritor System) among asymptomatic athletes and athletic staff in a University setting. Secondarily, a cost savings analysis was conducted to evaluate the benefits of a rapid antigen testing strategy over a universal PCR-based strategy. Methods Asymptomatic athletic personnel at Ferris State University tested using the BD Veritor System from November 4, 2020-February 15, 2021. Individuals whose antigen test was positive immediately had specimen collected for confirmatory PCR testing. These results were used to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) for the BD Veritor System. A cost-savings analysis was conducted from the University's perspective to determine the value of this rapid antigen testing strategy over a universal PCR-based strategy. Results A total of 3352 antigen tests were performed on 359 individuals during the study period. During this period, 21 positive antigen tests were obtained of which 5 individuals had a positive reflex PCR result. The calculated PPV of the BD Veritor System among asymptomatic individuals was 25%. According to the mandated athletics testing schedule, the University spent $67,475.76 on BD Veritor System tests and $1785 on confirmatory PCR tests. In contrast, if a solely PCR-based approach had been continued, the same testing strategy would have cost the University $284,920. By employing a 2-tiered testing strategy with the BD Veritor System with reflex PCR testing, the University realized a cost savings of $215,659.24 during the 3-month period. Conclusions Despite sub-optimal PPV associated with the BD Veritor System among asymptomatic athletes, the University was able to effectively use an antigen-based testing program to comply with collegiate testing requirements and realize $215,659.24 cost savings per quarter over a PCR-based strategy.
Genomic and Functional Characterization of a Mucosal Symbiont Involved in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

The rising incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern worldwide, yet little is known about the composition and role of the microbiota associated with precancerous polyps. Here, we found distinct microbial signatures between patients with and without polyps and between the polyp sub-types using 16S rRNA sequencing and linear discriminate analysis. In parallel, we found a correlation between the amount of bft-negative Bacteroides fragilis recovered and the level of inflammatory cytokines in the mucosa adjacent to the polyp. Despite sharing a core genome, we found that B. fragilis from patients with polyps were enriched in LPS biosynthesis genes, activated nuclear factor kappa B through Toll-like receptor 4 and induce a robust pro-inflammatory response. Together, these data provide fundamental insight into the pre-neoplastic polyp microenvironment by highlighting the critical role that commensal bacteria play in the initiation of the inflammatory process.
Invited: Drug Discovery Approaches using Quantum Machine Learning

Traditional drug discovery pipelines can require multiple years and billions of dollars of investment. Deep generative and discriminative models are widely adopted to assist in drug development. Classical machines cannot efficiently reproduce the atypical patterns of quantum computers, which may improve the quality of learned tasks. We propose a suite of quantum machine learning techniques: incorporating generative adversarial networks (GAN), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and variational auto-encoders (VAE) to generate small drug molecules, classify binding pockets in proteins, and generate large drug molecules, respectively.
Qualitative Exploration of the Continuation of a Journal Club Experience by DPT Graduates in Their First Year of Practice.

PURPOSE To explore the experience of doctorate of physical therapy (DPT) graduates participating in a journal club (JC) during their first year of practice after completing a JC intervention in the last didactic semester of their entry-level program. PARTICIPANTS n=7 DPTs participating in a JC during the first year of practice. METHODS A qualitative approach including semi-structured interviews and guided by a conceptual model for first-year PT practice was used. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic data analysis was conducted. RESULTS Six themes were identified: 1) sense of community, 2) maintaining accountability, 3) variety of perspectives, 4) informed clinical practice, 5) facilitated professional role adoption, and 6) challenges. Participants also provided recommendations for other recent graduates interested in beginning a JC. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to a JC experience during the didactic phase of PT education may encourage graduates to embrace this professional behavior. Timing and meaningfulness of the JC intervention may be important factors to consider during implementation. New graduate participation in a JC may provide important support during the first year of practice. Most importantly, participation in a JC with an established community, such as fellow DPT graduates, may increase the salience and impact of this experience.
Ethnic Differences in the Relation Between Parental Emotion Socialization and Mental Health in Emerging Adults

The present study examined the relation between retrospectively reported parental emotion socialization practices and emerging adults’ mental health across four ethnic groups. Participants were 112 European American, 89 Latino/a American, 82 African American/Black, and 83 Asian American emerging adults. Participants completed questionnaires assessing current mental health symptoms and retrospective reports of parents’ responses to their expression of negative affect as adolescents. Fathers’ socialization practices were associated with emerging adults’ functioning across ethnic groups, but the relation between mothers’ socialization and emerging adults’ functioning varied across ethnic groups. Supportive practices were significantly associated with fewer symptoms in emerging adults only for Latino/a American families, and unsupportive practices were associated with more symptoms in emerging adults only for European American and African American/Black families. Results point to the importance of parental emotion socialization practices during adolescence for emerging adults’ well-being, but suggest that some practices may be more important than others depending on cultural background.
One Dimensional Random Walk in a Random Medium

One of the fundamental problems in random medium (RM) theory is the relation between homogenization of the RM (i.e. the ability to describe such media at some scales as a homogeneous one) and localization. Homogenization describes transport processes in RM in terms of “effective” parameters, localization suppresses all forms of transport. For random walks in RM it is the relation between classical diffusive behavior of the random walk if time is large and the phenomenon of “trapping”, which can produce subdiffusion asymptotics for the random walk. In the one-dimensional case, which is of course the simplest one in RM theory, under some restrictions on the random transition probabilities the homogenization theorems was proved by S. Kozlov [10] as an example of a more general theory. A general and elementary introduction to homogenization theory can be found in S. Molchanov [2]. There are deep relations between random walks in one dimensional RM and scattering of waves (say, seismic waves) in random layered media. See [3].
Protecting Rights, Preventing Windfalls: A Model for Harmonizing State and Federal Laws on Floating Liens

This article examines the conflict between state law which under UCC Sec. 9-204 permits the creation of security interests in a debtor's after-acquired property - or floating liens - and federal bankruptcy law's potential cutoff under 11 U.S.C. Sec. 552 of many of those security interests. This conflict arises in virtually every bankruptcy case. However, because of ambiguous statutory language and a failure of the jurisprudence to balance competing policies, the case law is ad hoc and lacks a conceptual center. This article argues that using a model of a debtor in liquidation to analyze the cutoff of floating liens would balance the underlying policy considerations and make judicial outcomes more predictable. The model would apply irrespective of whether the debtor actually liquidates or reorganizes.
Three-phase resonant inverter for wireless power transfer

A three-phase resonant inverter for wireless power transfer applications is presented in this paper. A phase-frequency hybrid control strategy is proposed as an alternative to the traditional frequency and phase control methods. An experimental prototype of the three-phase resonant inverter was built and connected with wireless power link and rectifier. The hybrid phase-frequency control strategy was implemented and compared with frequency control at the output power up to 10 kW. The experimental results show that the proposed inverter can operate within the desired frequency range with high efficiency while regulating output from zero to maximum.
Coupling of physiology of embryonic turtles to the hydric environment

Embryonic turtles developing in flexible-shelled eggs consume more of their yolk and grow larger before hatching when incubated in relatively wet environments than they do when incubated in relatively dry settings. These differences in size of young result from differences in rates of embryonic metabolism and growth in some species and from differences in duration of incubation in others. However, neither the specific physical factor eliciting the responses nor the underlying physiological mechanism has been established unequivocally for any species. Because embryos in relatively wet environments have different patterns of net water-exchange than do embryos in drier settings, most attention has been directed at means by which such exchanges could influence their physiology. Water exchanges may exercise control over oxidative metabolism by altering bulk water in cytoplasm of cells of growing animals, by affecting concentrations of urea in body fluids of embryos, by influencing growth of the allantois, and, indirectly, by affecting incubation temperature; water fluxes may influence duration of incubation via effects on water potential in compartments such as the yolk. However, the evidence to support these hypotheses is fragmentary, and no single mechanism is applicable to all species studied to date.
SMALL-CELL SEGREGANTS FROM A POSSIBLY HOMOZYGOUS DIPLOID STRAIN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Abstract Ogg, James E. (Colorado State University, Fort Collins) and Ronald D. Humphrey. Small-cell segregants from a possibly homozygous diploid strain of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 85:801–807. 1963.—Evidence was presented to show that a homozygous possibly diploid strain of Escherichia coli, when grown in a chemically defined medium under the conditions described in this report, will yield small-cell segregants that have haploid characteristics. The segregants have one-half as much deoxyribonucleic acid per cell as the diploid, give exponential survival curves when exposed to X rays, and have fermentative characteristics similar to the original haploid parent strain of the homozygous diploid strain. No detectable changes in surface antigens were associated with the segregation phenomenon. The haploidlike segregants can be converted to the diploid radiation-resistant state by growing them in the presence of camphor vapors.
Covered stent-graft repair of the brachiocephalic arteries: technical note.

Objective The use of a covered stent-graft to repair disruptions of the cervical carotid and vertebral arteries is described. This device maintains vessel patency while effectively excluding pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulae, and other breaches in the integrity of the arterial wall. Methods Patient 1 bled from a large rent in the proximal common carotid artery as a result of tumor invasion. Patient 2 developed a vertebral arteriovenous fistula after a stab injury to the neck. Patient 3 developed cerebral infarction and an enlarging pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery, also after a stab wound to the neck. Results All three patients were treated with the Wallgraft endoprosthesis (Boston Scientific, Watertown, MA). In each case, the vessel wall defect was repaired while antegrade flow through the artery was preserved or restored. No neurological complications occurred as a result of stent-graft deployment. Conclusion Covered stent-grafts offer an alternative to endovascular occlusion of the parent vessel, thereby expanding the therapeutic options for patients with extracranial cerebrovascular disease. These three cases highlight the usefulness and versatility of these devices for endoluminal reconstruction of the brachiocephalic vasculature.
Mean-risk efficient portfolio analysis of demand response and supply resources

In the restructured electric power utility industry, reducing the risk exposure of profit to the highly volatile electricity wholesale price and the fluctuating demand of end users is essential to the financial success of load-serving entities (LSEs). Demand response (DR) programs have been utilized to manage the correlated price and volumetric risks, and simultaneously improve the reliability of the power system. This paper proposes an efficient portfolio framework for LSEs to evaluate the role of DR programs in achieving a desirable tradeoff between profit and risk. The mean-risk efficient frontier formed by the optimal portfolios allows LSEs to identify the least amount of risk to bear corresponding to a given profit target. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the impact of DR programs on the composition of the optimal portfolios in achieving different levels of tradeoff between risk and reward.