cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tidal dissipation in creeping ice and the thermal evolution of Europa

Abstract The thermal and mechanical evolution of Europa and comparable icy satellites—the physics behind creating and sustaining a subsurface water ocean—depends almost entirely on the mechanical dissipation of tidal energy in ice to produce heat, the mechanism(s) of which remain poorly understood. In deformation experiments, we combine steady–state creep and low-frequency, small-strain periodic loading, similar conditions in which tectonics and tidal flexing are occurring simultaneously. The data reveal that the relevant, power-law attenuation in ice (i) is non-linear, depending on strain amplitude, (ii) is independent of grain size, and (iii) exceeds in absorption the prediction of the Maxwell solid model by an order of magnitude. The Maxwell solid model is widely used to model the dynamics of planetary ice shells, so this discrepancy is important. The prevalent understanding of damping in the geophysical context is that it is controlled by chemical diffusion on grain boundaries, which renders attenuation strongly dependent on grain size. In sharp contrast, our results indicate instead the importance of intracrystalline dislocations and their spatial interactions as the critical structural variable affecting dissipation. These dislocation structures are controlled by stress and realized by accumulated plastic strain. Thus, tectonics and attenuation are coupled, which, beyond the icy satellite/subsurface ocean problem, has implications also for understanding the attenuation of seismic waves in deforming regions of the Earth's upper mantle.
Differential effect of bursectomy on antibody production in a large and small bursa line of New Hampshire chickens.

SummarySBL birds bursectomized at hatch failed to produce hemagglutinin to a primary injection of SRBC. The antibody titer of LBL birds BSX at hatch did not differ significantly from controls. BSX at 1 week reduced the antibody titer in the SBL birds. BSX at 3 and 5 weeks had no effect on hemagglutinin levels. The number of PFC of SBL BSX at hatch chicks was significantly lower than controls and LBL BSX at hatch birds. There were fewer lymphoid follicles at hatch in the bursae from SBL birds than in the bursae from LBL birds. The SBL chickens offer a model for further studies on humoral immune mechanisms, since the ability of SBL chicks to produce detectable antibody to a primary immunization may be eliminated without further treatment with steroids, cyclophosphamide, or irradiation.
Grip Pressure and Wrist Joint Angle Measurement during Activities of Daily Life

Abstract The goal of this study is to improve future physical human-robot interaction and rehabilitation systems. Experiments were conducted to collect dominant hand grip pressure and joint-angle data during activities of daily life. Representative actions chosen as part of this study were: pushing a weighted cylinder along a flat surface, pulling a weighted cylinder across a flat surface, and lifting a weighted cylinder from a flat surface to shoulder height. Three separate weighted cylinders were used, 3lbs., 5lbs., and 10lbs., and the representative motions were repeated five times for each cylinder. A Tekscan Grip VersaTek Pressure Measurement System and Motion Analysis Cortex System were utilized to collect data. Each subject was outfitted with 18 separate sensorized piezo-resistive tiles placed on their dominant hand and 33 reflective markers at representative locations on their body. The motion of each cylinder was tracked via the placement of seven retro-reflective markers on the cylinder's surface. Analysis of cohort data from five male and five female volunteers, aged between 23 and 51 years, is presented. A Moving Average Filter was implemented to automatically determine contact between the subject's hand and the weighted cylinder. Once contact was determined during an action cycle, maximum detected pressure from each of 18 sensing areas was found. Results report wrist angle during the action- cycle as well as maximum applied pressure during each action across the cohort. Average wrist angle per action-cycle, by action, is also reported for the cohort. These data, along with results from a previous study, will be used improve and verify human intent models for use in future pHRI and rehabilitation systems.
Adaptive Stream Fusion in Multistream Recognition of Speech.

A new method to deal with variable distortions of speech during the operation of the system is proposed. First, multiple processing streams are formed by extracting different spectral and temporal modulation components from the speech signal. Information in each stream is used to estimate posterior probabilities of phonemes. Initial values for a weighted integration of these individual estimates are found by normalized cross-correlation of the estimates with the actual phoneme labels on the training data. A statistical model of the final estimated posterior probabilities is used to characterize the system performance. During the operation, the weights in the linear fusion are adapted using particle filtering to optimize the performance. Results on phoneme recognition from noisy speech indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
2012 New Developments in Supply Chain Security Strategy

Supply chain security witnessed two new developments in the opening weeks of 2012. On January 25, 2012, the Obama Administration released a new “National Strategy for Global Supply Chain Security.” That same month, the World Economic Forum released a report titled “New Models for Addressing Supply Chain and Transport Risk.” The common theme in the two documents is the continuing need to enhance the resiliency of global supply chains. Both documents emphasize the need for government-industry cooperation. The WEF report also highlights the value of scenario planning as a tool to address supply chain and transport risk.
Late Antiquity Roman ceramics from archeological excavations in Faenza (Italy)

Abstract Between the end of the year 1994 and the beginning of 1995, two excavations inside two palaces of the eighteenth century in the historical center of Faenza (Italy) were completed. A continuity of use was revealed from the Republican age to the Late Antiquity, when Faenza was positively affected by the vicinity of Ravenna, the new capital of the Roman Empire. The Late Antiquity ceramic material recovered in the two palaces can be macroscopically subdivided into two groups depending on the paste characteristics: fine ceramics and coarse ceramics. Thirty samples were selected to undergo archaeometric investigations aimed at their characterization from the microstructural, mineralogical and chemical point of view. All fine ceramics are very similar among them with a chemical composition rich of calcium oxide (around 15–16% CaO), obviously deriving from the use of highly carbonatic clays. These Roman ceramics would be a local production by using local clays without any treatment. This conclusion permits to evidence that already in the 5th century in Faenza there were workshops able to realize a valid ceramic production by using the local Plio-Pleistocenic clays that will bring much luck to the Faentine potters many centuries later. Likely, this means that the local clays were continuously used for at least fifteen centuries. Coarse ceramics contain 25–30% of a skeleton constituted by grains with dimensions generally in the range 300–500 µm with a hiatal distribution. Two groups can be individuated based on the nature of the inclusions: silicate rock fragments or spathic calcite. They were probably imported from two different productive areas; the one with silicate inclusions could be from the Po valley, while a provenance from north-eastern Italy can be hypothesized for coarse ceramics with inclusions of spathic calcite.
Installing Heterobimetallic Cobalt–Aluminum Single Sites on a Metal Organic Framework Support

A heterobimetallic cobalt–aluminum complex was immobilized onto the metal organic framework NU-1000 using a simple solution-based deposition procedure. Characterization data are consistent with a maximum loading of a single Co–Al complex per Zr6 node of NU-1000. Furthermore, the data support that the Co–Al bimetallic complex is evenly distributed throughout the NU-1000 particle, binds covalently to the Zr6 nodes, and occupies the NU-1000 apertures with the shortest internode distances (∼8.5 A). Heating the anchored Co–Al complex on NU-1000 at 300 °C for 1 h in air completely removes the organic ligand of the complex without affecting the structural integrity of the MOF support. We propose that a Co–Al oxide cluster is formed in place of the anchored complex in NU-1000 during heating. Collectively, the results suggest that well-defined heterobimetallic complexes can be effective precursors for installing two different metals simultaneously onto a MOF support. The CoAl-functionalized NU-1000 samples catalyz...
Electronics put it on plastic

There is a memorable scene in The Graduate where Benjamin, the title character played by a young Dustin Hoffman, is given advice as he faces a career after college. He is told a single word: "plastics".
A comparison of the definitions for smart sensors, smart objects and Things in IoT

The Internet of Things has received tremendous attention. Large amount of research results have been published in recent years. However, there is a lack of clarity in the terminologies used in the literature. This paper compares the definitions of smart sensors, smart objects and the “things” in Internet of Things. Similarities and differences have been identified.
Caveolins and cavins in the trafficking, maturation, and degradation of caveolae: implications for cell physiology.

Caveolins (Cavs) are ~20 kDa scaffolding proteins that assemble as oligomeric complexes in lipid raft domains to form caveolae, flask-shaped plasma membrane (PM) invaginations. Caveolae (“little ca...
Politics, Poetics, and Gender in Late Qing China: Xue Shaohui and the Era of Reform. By Nanxiu Qian. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015. Pp. xi, 376. $65.00.)

In the field of the study of late Qing reform, the role of women has long been overlooked. Women were usually treated as objects of emancipation in a reform agenda that was guided by the prominent ...
Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients

This chapter introduces the major classes of chemotherapeutic drugs, including the alkylating agents, antimetabolites, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, antibiotics, hormone analogs and targeted drugs. The mechanisms of a number of chemotherapy-induced side effects such as nausea and emesis, cancer-related pain, peripheral neuropathy and vasomotor symptoms (e.g. hot flashes) are outlined. A detailed literature review expounds some of the major studies that have tested acupuncture and moxibustion as potential treatments for chemotherapy-induced side effects, including the use of acupuncture and moxibustion for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving platinum and taxane-based regimens, vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy and prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
“For the kids”: Children, safety, and the depoliticization of displacement in Washington, DC

Gentrification critiques are often framed around direct displacement from neighborhoods due to rising rents and home values. The loss of affordable housing is depoliticized by contrasting the histo...
High-resolution on-chip digital Fourier transform spectroscopy

We experimentally demonstrate a high-resolution, on-chip digital Fourier transform (dFT) spectrometer using a reconfigurable Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The dFT architecture claims the multiplex advantage for signal enhancement, with a resolution that scales exponentially with device footprint.
Solitary chemosensory cells are a primary epithelial source of IL-25 in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background IL-25 can function as an early signal for the respiratory type 2 response characteristic of allergic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In the mouse gut, tuft cells are the epithelial source of IL-25. However, the source of human airway epithelial IL-25 has remained elusive. Objective In this study we sought to determine whether the solitary chemosensory cell (SCC) is the predominant source of IL-25 in the sinonasal epithelium. Method Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence for SCCs and IL-25 were used to interrogate polyp and turbinate tissue from patients with CRSwNP. Mucus was collected during acute inflammatory exacerbations from patients with CRSwNP or chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and IL-25 levels determined by using ELISA. Lastly, sinonasal epithelial cultures derived from polyp and turbinate tissue were stimulated with IL-13 and analyzed for SCC proliferation and IL-25 production. Results This study demonstrates that a discrete cell type, likely an SCC, characterized by expression of the taste-associated G protein gustducin and the intestinal tuft cell marker doublecortin-like kinase 1, is the predominant source of IL-25 in the human upper airway. Additionally, we show that patients with CRSwNP have increased numbers of SCCs in nasal polyp tissue and that in vitro IL-13 exposure both increased proliferation and induced apical secretion of IL-25 into the mucosal layer. Conclusions Inflammatory sinus polyps but not adjacent turbinate tissue show expansion of the SCC population, which is the source of epithelial IL-25.
Bioactivation of Cathaedulis alkaloids: Enzymatic ketonization of norpseudoephedrine

Abstract Among the phenylalkylamines which have been shown to have potent central nervous system stimulatory activity are (+)-norpseudoephedrine and its ketone analog, cathinone, and recent work has suggested that cathinone is the more potent agent of the two. We have found that (+)-norpseudoephedrine is oxygenated by dopamine-β-hydroxylase, producing cathinone with the expected stoichiometry of electrons to O 2 to product of 2:1:1 diagnostic of a monooxygenase-catalyzed reaction. A k cat value of 10 sec −1 and K m of 18.8 m M were obtained, indicating that this reaction proceeds readily enough to be of physiological significance. The delayed onset and long duration of action of (+)-norpseudoephedrine is consistent with a requirement for enzyme activation and thus it is possible that dopamine-β-hydroxylase-catalyzed ketonization mediates the potent stimulatory effect of this and related compounds.
Behavioral Assessment of Ototoxicity in Nonhuman Primates

Impaired sensory function as a consequence of the administration of toxic substances is the subject of this chapter. We are specifically concerned with changes in the monkey’s hearing after the administration of certain ototoxic drugs and exposure to intense sound. We will describe the procedures we have used and the findings obtained both in the study of normal hearing and of the temporary and permanent hearing loss which occurs subsequent to noise and drug treatment. Examples of the related tissue changes in the inner ear will also be presented. The primary objective, however, is a description of the behavioral procedures and findings; samples of related cochlear histopathology are given because they are an integral part of our research and because they underscore the importance of the close relation between behavioral function and anatomical structure to be examined in any investigation of toxicity.
MUSE nearly instant slide-free microscopy – plus bonus: getting special-stain results from H&E-stained slides

The C.F.A. Culling Memorial Lecture was established in honor of a dedicated scientist and friend to the National Society for Histotechnology, Professor Charles Culling. It is sponsored by PolyScien...
Why School Turnaround Failed: Lethal Problems

The definition of school turnaround almost ensures that any turnaround effort will fail. There are a variety of criteria in the definition of turnaround that are unsupported at any time in any situation. Using such criteria can end up having a devastating impact on everyone associated with turnaround, from state legislators to children. To begin with, there is no empirical support that all failing schools can be turned around. There is no empirical evidence that most failing schools can be turned around. There is no empirical evidence that many failing schools can be turned around (Loveless, 2010; May & Sanders, 2013; Peurach & Neumerski, 2015; Stuit, 2010). For example, only 26 of the original 2025 low-performing schools in the Stuit (2010) study “made it into the top half of their state’s proficiency ranking within five years” (p. 5). There is considerable evidence across industry and time that organizations do best when leaders help set challenging goals. But it is foolish to establish foolish targets (Table 4.1).
Design and development of a DDDAMS-based border surveillance system via UVs and hybrid simulations

Abstract Despite the increasing use of sensor technologies in border surveillance applications, there is a lack of systematic methodology and its implementation with the effective control system. The challenge arises due to information heterogeneity and uncertainty caused by the usage of different sensors. This paper extends the authors’ previous dynamic-data-driven adaptive multi-level simulation (DDDAMS) framework to overcome this challenge using unmanned vehicles (UVs), sensors, and multi-level simulation. Specifically, the detection and classification algorithms are employed to process real-time data generated by fixed (e.g. geophone) and mobile (e.g. UV camera) sensors for the adequate monitoring. Also, physics-based simulation (PBS) is utilized to provide uncertainties for robust planning and control of UVs. The environmental effects as well as target's proactive behavior against the surveillance system are incorporated into the framework using utility-based decision-making model. Finally, we provide a detailed description regarding field demonstration, where autonomous control of UVs and real-time communications among all system components are attained through PBS.
Water Resources Management in California

California has an intense history of water management and resources manipulation. The main drivers for some of the largest water management infrastructure projects are (1) a spatial mismatch between where most of the precipitation falls on the state and where most of the water is needed and (2) a temporal mismatch of precipitation during winter months and the agriculture season on summer. This chapter describes the legal framework and water allocation systems to manage surface water, groundwater, and environmental water that are guiding California toward adopting an integrated water resources management framework.
OFDM-based Joint Radar-Communication System: Optimal Sub-carrier Allocation and Power Distribution by Exploiting Mutual Information

In this paper, we present a novel joint radar-communication system which exploits orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms for performing radar and communication operations simultaneously. A dual-purpose OFDM transmitter is exploited which optimizes the transmit power of different sub-carriers to fulfill the radar objectives. These OFDM sub-carriers used by the radar are also allocated to different communication receivers to achieve the communications objectives. The mutual information (MI) between the frequency-dependent target response and the transmit waveform is used as the optimization objective for radar performance. The communication performance is optimized by allocating the radar sub-carriers to different communication users by using MI maximization as the criterion. For the communication system, the problem has been discussed in terms of maximizing the overall MI as well as achieving the worst-case MI for each user. Two optimization strategies are discussed and compared which optimize the two systems respectively using a radar-centric design and a cooperative design. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed strategies.
Review of Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage Reveals Dichotomous Outcomes (P3.089)

Background: Isolated primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is rare. Typical course, causes, complications and outcomes have not been well established. Methods: Consecutive patient records with a diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) admitted from May 2009 to June 2014 at a tertiary care center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with intraparenchymal, subarachnoid or subdural hemorrhage, malignancy with hemorrhage, or hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic stroke were excluded. Two neurologists reviewed the medical record, imaging reports, and imaging. Subjects were included if consensus was that subjects had PIVH. Results: We reviewed 1692 cases, 34 were determined to be PIVH. Fourteen (41[percnt]) were male; mean age of 57.7 years (range 20-88 years); average length of stay was 11 days. Presentation varied, including decreased level of consciousness (LOC) (17, 50[percnt]) and headache (11, 32[percnt]). Twenty-five (74[percnt]) had CT-angiogram, while cerebral angiography and MRI were each used in 16 (47[percnt]). Seventeen (50[percnt]) required an extra-ventricular drain; 8 (24[percnt]) required ventricular peritoneal shunt prior to discharge. Hypertension was a factor in 12 (35[percnt]). Coagulopathy was a factor in 7 (21[percnt]). Seven (21[percnt]) were cryptogenic. Vascular abnormalities (arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm and cavernoma) were found in 6 (18[percnt]). For outcomes, 6 (18[percnt]) expired, 11 (32[percnt]) were discharged to acute rehab (AR), 10 (30[percnt]) were discharged home, 4 (12[percnt]) were discharged to sub-acute nursing facility, 2 (6[percnt]) to long term care facility, and 1 (3[percnt]) to hospice. In total, 21 (62[percnt]) had a good outcome (discharged home or AR), while 7 (21[percnt]) died or entered hospice. Conclusion: PIVH is rare, with high morbidity and mortality, though in our study, a substantial percentage had a good outcome. Decreased LOC was the most common presentation. Hypertension was the most common contributing factor, followed by coagulopathy. Vascular lesions were less common than expected. More research is needed to fully understand this rare disease entity. Disclosure: Dr. Sirdar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Song has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ess has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jhu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cutting has nothing to disclose.
Improved MPI Multi-Threaded Performance using OFI Scalable Endpoints

Message Passing Interface (MPI) applications are launched as a set of parallel homogeneous processes, commonly with one to one mapping between MPI processes and compute cores. With the growing complexity of MPI applications and compute node processors consisting of large numbers of cores, launching a small number of MPI processes with several lightweight threads per process is becoming popular. Task based programming models in combination with MPI also provide several benefits for the application to exploit intra node parallelism. Naive implementation of MPI THREAD MULTIPLE can be expensive with minimal or no performance benefits. We demonstrate a high-performance end to end multi-threading solution across the MPI application and MPI runtime, with threads mapping to hardware resources. We demonstrate our solution with Open MPI using Libfabric (a.k.a. OpenFabrics Interfaces OFI) and its Intel R Omni-Path Performance Scaled Messaging 2 (PSM2) provider. Our tests with Intel MPI Benchmarks Multi Thread set (IMB-MT) show BW improvement for large message sizes when running with multiple threads. We also demonstrate up to 2.5x performance improvements with Baidu All-Reduce. Even though the experiments were run on Intel R Omni-Path Architecture fabric, the solution can be applied to other fabrics with the capability of allocating resources among multiple threads.
Temporal Trends in Angina, Myocardial Perfusion, and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Women With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Over 1‐Year Follow‐Up: Results From WISE‐CVD

Background Women with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease are increasingly recognized and found to be at risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. Methods and Results In 214 women with suspected ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease who completed baseline and 1-year follow-up vasodilatory stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated temporal trends in angina (Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ]), myocardial perfusion reserve index, blood pressure, and left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function from baseline to 1-year follow-up and explored associations between these different parameters. We observed concordant positive trends in 4/5 SAQ domains, SAQ-7, myocardial perfusion reserve index, blood pressure, LV mass, and LV mass-to-volume ratio. There was no association between SAQ-7 improvement and myocardial perfusion reserve index improvement over 1-year follow-up (P=0.1). Higher indexed LV end-diastolic volume and time to peak filling rate at baseline were associated with increased odds of clinically relevant SAQ-7 improvement (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1; and OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.1-5.0, respectively). Hypertension was associated with decreased odds of SAQ-7 improvement (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.19-0.91). Conclusions In women with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease clinically treated with cardiac medications over 1 year, we observed concurrent temporal trends toward improvement in SAQ, myocardial perfusion reserve index, blood pressure, LV mass, and LV mass-to volume ratio. We showed that abnormalities in LV morphology and diastolic function at baseline were predictive of clinically significant improvement in angina at follow-up, whereas history of hypertension was associated with lower odds. Future studies are needed to assess the mechanisms and treatments responsible for the improvements we observed. Registration URL: https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02582021.
Novel Use of Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation During Definitive Radiation Therapy: A Technical Report.

Abstract The use of biphasic cuirass ventilator supported radiation therapy has never been documented. We present the first technical report here. A 57-year-old man with obstructive sleep apnea presented with a T0N1M0 right sided, human papillomavirus related head and neck cancer diagnosed on excisional lymph node biopsy. On further workup, the cancer was found to have originated in the right tonsil and was staged as T1N1. The patient started definitive treatment with concurrent chemo-radiation therapy, but after 5 treatments was no longer able to lay in a supine position for treatment. Diagnostic imaging workup eventually revealed an idiopathic right sided hemi-diaphragm eventration. After consultation with cardiology, pulmonology, and head and neck surgery, recommendation was made for tracheostomy to tolerate supine radiotherapy position, but the patient refused. Instead, computed tomography simulation for radiotherapy replanning was performed using a combination of biphasic cuirass ventilation, home continuous positive airway pressure and oxygen. The patient then tolerated definitive treatment to a dose of 69.96 Gray in 33 fractions with concurrent chemotherapy and experienced no unexpected side effects. Although complex, daily treatment setup was consistent. Daily onboard imaging was precise and accurate. The patient continues to follow up with radiation oncology, medical oncology, and pulmonology. This is the first use of biphasic cuirass ventilator supported radiotherapy reported in the scientific literature. Although daily treatment setup is complex, its use could be considered in patients unable to tolerate radiation therapy treatment positioning as an alternative to tracheostomy.
Role of Octreotide in Menetrier's Disease: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Menetrier's disease (MD) is a rare disease characterized macroscopically by gastric rugae thickening and microscopically by foveolar hyperplasia with glandular atrophy, resulting in luminal protein loss. Different treatment strategies, including antibiotics, prednisone, octreotide, and monoclonal antibodies, have yielded varying degrees of success. Here, we present a rare complication of MD with a gastric outlet obstruction from a large adenoma. However, prior to this complication, dramatic clinical and laboratory improvements were observed after 12 months of treatment with subcutaneous octreotide. We also present a review of the literature for the role of octreotide in the treatment of MD.
Serotonin toxicity of serotonergic psychedelics.

In recent years, psychedelic substances with serotonergic mechanisms have accumulated substantial evidence that they may provide therapeutic benefits for people suffering with psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric disorders targeted by these psychedelic-assisted therapies are managed with serotonergic drugs like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as the current standard of care, so it is important to evaluate the potential risks of drug-drug interactions and serotonin toxicity (ST) between these agents. A critical evaluation of the scientific literature is necessary to delineate the risks of ST when combining psychedelics with available serotonergic pharmacotherapy options. This review article describes signs and symptoms of ST, characterizes mechanisms of ST risk, summarizes what is known about serotonergic psychedelic drug interactions, and outlines potential management strategies. True ST typically occurs with a serotonergic drug overdose or in combinations in which a drug that can increase intrasynaptic serotonin is combined with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Serotonergic psychotropics that do not contain MAOIs are low risk in combination with psychedelics that also do not contain MAOIs. Signs and symptoms warranting immediate medical attention include myoclonus, extreme and fluctuating vital signs, agitation or comatose mental state, muscle rigidity, pronounced hyperthermia (fever), and/or seizure activity. Serotonin-related adverse reactions exist along a spectrum with serotonin syndrome being the most severe manifestations of ST. Due to varying serotonergic mechanisms of psychedelics and psychotropics, with varying propensities to increase intrasynaptic serotonin, some combinations may present a significant risk for serotonin toxicity (ST) while others are likely benign.
A Failure Mode Reconfiguration Strategy Based on Constraint Admissible and Recoverable Sets

This paper proposes a Failure Mode and Effect Management (FMEM) strategy for constrained systems with redundant actuators based on the combined use of constraint admissible and recoverable sets. Several approaches to ensure reconfiguration of the system without constraint violation in the event of actuator failures are presented. Numerical simulation results are reported.
A meta-analysis to identify shared biomarker genes and prevention targets for human breast and ovarian cancer

1256 Women at high risk for breast cancer are often at risk for ovarian cancer as well. Shared risk factors, similar pathobiologies as well as logistical and economic issues all suggest a combined approach to breast and ovarian cancer prevention. Towards this end, our laboratory has recently developed a preclinical model to test dual target breast and ovarian cancer prevention strategies. In this ancillary study, Oncomine (University of Michigan), an online depository for cancer microarray data, was used to identify common potential targets and shared biomarkers of cancer progression for breast and ovarian cancers. Microarray studies using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133A or U133A Plus 2.0 chips (n=4 ovary and n= 2 breast databases) to compare breast or ovarian carcinoma (not sorted by tumor subtype) with associated normal tissue were selected for meta-analysis. These combined datasets identified fewer than 80 genes dually and consistently upregulated in breast and ovarian cancers (P
The Σ 2 1 theory of axioms of symmetry

The axiom of symmetry ( A ℵ 0 ) asserts that for every function F : ω 2 → ω 2 there is a pair of reals x and y in ω 2 so that y is not in the countable set {( F(x) ) n : n } coded by F(x) and x is not in the set coded by F(y) . A ( Γ ) denotes axiom A ℵ 0 with the restriction that graph( F ) belongs to the pointclass Γ . In §2 we prove A ( ). In §3 we show A ( ), A ( ) and ω 2 ⊈ L are equivalent. In §4 several effective versions of A (REC) are examined.
Current status of program evaluation efforts

This article represents an overview of the various types of evaluation research conducted in the fields of crisis intervention, suicide prevention, and mental health in general. An attempt is made to classify it according to its content and purpose, and to assess the relative merit of each. Emphasis is on goal attainment and outcome type of evaluation.
A Minimal Model of Locomotion Applied to the Steady Gliding Movement of Fish Keratocyte Cells

In this paper we present the quantitative analysis of the basic mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of animal cell motility. We describe plausible mechanisms of actin-based protrusive force generation at the cell’s leading edge. We also demonstrate that the dynamics of self-alignment and contraction of the actin-myosin network can explain forward translocation of the cell body. Regulation of graded adhesion between the substrata and the ventral surface of the cell is then discussed. Finally, we derive a one-dimensional mathematical model of cell locomotion applied to fish keratocyte cells.
Managers in the Global Economy: A Multilevel Analysis

We examine individual- and country-level determinants of managerial employment, using data from the 1989 to 2009 waves of the World Values and European Values Surveys (n = 89,336 employed adults in...
Lamé equation for the distance redshift in a partially filled beam Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmology

The differential equation governing the distance redshift for partially filled-beam optics in pressure-free Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology is shown to be the Lam\'e equation. The distance redshift $D(z)$ discussed is appropriate for observations in inhomogeneous cosmologies for which lensing by masses external to the observing beam is negligible and for which lensing by transparent matter within the beam can be approximated by a homogeneous mass density expanding with the FLRW background. Some solutions of the derived Lam\'e equation are given in terms of Weierstrass elliptic integrals. A new simplified and useful expression for filled-beam $D(z)$ in standard flat FLRW is also given.
Review: In lacunar stroke, single antiplatelet therapy reduces recurrent stroke more than placebo

Source Citation Kwok CS, Shoamanesh A, Copley HC, et al. Efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention following lacunar stroke: pooled analysis of randomized trials. Stroke. 2015;46:101...
Coalescent theory for a partially selfing population.

A coalescent theory for a sample of DNA sequences from a partially selfing diploid population and an algorithm for simulating such samples are developed in this article. Approximate formulas are given for the expectation and the variance of the number of segregating sites in a sample of k sequences from n individuals. Several new estimators of the important parameters θ = 4Nμ and the selfing rate s, where N and μ are, respectively, the effective population size and the mutation rate per sequence per generation, are proposed and their sampling properties are studied.
Experimental Investigation on the Oxidation Characteristics of Diesel Particulates Relevant to DPF Regeneration

Diesel engines generally employ diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems to meet increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The development of optimum methodologies for DPF regeneration requires detailed information on the oxidation characteristics of diesel particulate matter (PM) that accumulates on the DPF under realistic engine conditions. An experimental investigation on the oxidation behavior of diesel PM collected from a DPF test system connected to the exhaust stream of a 1.9 L, 4-cylinder, light-duty diesel engine is reported. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to measure the instantaneous sample mass and the rate of mass loss during its oxidation for a wide range of conditions, which include initial sample mass, amount of volatile components of soluble organic fraction (SOF) in the sample, oxygen concentration, and various heat treatment schemes in both the inert and oxidizing environments. The global kinetic parameters, i.e., the reaction orders of soot and oxygen, activation energy,...
Quantum Field Theory for Mathematicians: Two-Component Spinor Fields

The two two-dimensional representations of the Lorentz group give rise to left and right two-component spinor fields; on the basis of a thorough understanding of these representations, the procedure of perturbative canonical quantization developed for scalar fields can be applied to two-component spinor fields. Introduction Having classified the representations of the Lorentz group in the last chapter, this chapter returns to the theme of Chapter 4, namely perturbative canonical quantization. Here and in the two subsequent chapters, we extend the principles of Chapter 4 to two-component Fermi fields, four-component Fermi fields, and vector fields. This chapter has a purpose to present the quantum theory of Weyl fields and make the connection between Weyl fields and Dirac fields. By the end of this chapter, we shall be able to compute scattering amplitudes for Feynman diagrams with external and internal Weyl lines. We begin in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 by finding a convenient description of (0, 1/2) and (1/2, 0), the smallest non-trivial representations of the Lorentz group. These spinor representations respectively determine the right and left two-component spinor or Weyl fields. Section 7.3 then tabulates all the Lorentz-invariant Lagrangian terms which can be formed from these Weyl fields. The anti-symmetric character of these terms implies that the Weyl fields must be fermionic.
A process model for nonisothermal photopolymerization with a laser light source. II: Behavior in the vicinity of a moving exposed region

A mathematical process model that stimulates important aspects of stereolithography, a rapid prototyping technique used for the production of three-dimensional plastic parts, has been developed. The model consists of a set of coupled partial differential equations and considers irradiation, chemical reaction, and heat transfer in a vat of photomonomer exposed to a moving UV laser source. Laser motion occurs in a straight line (vector path), and the model thus simulates the production of a single strand of plastic. Numerical techniques are used for approximate solution of the model equations, and output includes spatial and temporal variations in conversion of monomer to polymer, depletion of photoinitiator, and variations of temperature along the line of exposed material. The formation of a temperature wave that moves along the line of plastic is observed, together with the fact that the leading edge of the wave is steeper than the trailing edge, i.e., the material heats considerably faster than it cools. The maximum temperature of the wave reaches a pseudo–steady state after a short time. The results have provided useful information concerning the temperature at which the majority of the polymerization occurs; provided information on overall transient temperature behavior; allowed computer prediction of stereolithography working curves (cure depth and cure width vs. laser scan rate); and afforded a means for evaluating the amount of reaction that occurs in the dark period after light exposure.
Serotonin and norepinephrine-dependent effects of fenfluramine on plasma renin activity in conscious male rats.

Abstract Administration of dl -fenfluramine to male rats caused an initial rise, followed by a sustained decrease in plasma renin activity. Both the increase, which reached a maximum at 30 min and the decrease, which was maximal at 4 hr after administration of fenfluramine, were dose-dependent. Pretreatment with either of the blockers of serotonin uptake, fluoxetine or indalpine blocked the increase in plasma renin activity induced by fenfluramine at 30 min, but did not affect the decrease at 4 hr after injection. Similarly, pretreatment with the inhibitor of the synthesis of serotonin, p-chlorophenylalanine methylester (PCPA) blocked the initial (30 min) but not the delayed (4 hr) effect of fenfluramine on plasma renin activity. The initial stimulation of secretion of renin by a submaximal dose (2 mg/kg, i.p.) of fenfluramine was potentiated by pretreatment with the precursor of serotonin l -tryptophan (100 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatment with the blocker of the uptake of norepinephrine, desipramine did not prevent the initial (30 min) effect but completely prevented the delayed (4 hr) effect of fenfluramine on plasma renin activity. These results suggest that the initial effect of fenfluramine is mediated via a serotonergic mechanism while the delayed, but long-lasting suppression of plasma renin activity, is mediated via a noradrenergic mechanism.
Infrared Spectromicroscopy: Probing Live Cellular Responses to Environmental Changes

The recent advent of gene sequencing and high-throughput functional genomic approaches has led to a paradigm shift in studying microbial responses to environmental changes—from a reductionist approach of studying the structure and function of individual cellular parts to global investigations of increasingly complex systems of molecules and their interactions. While gene sequencing and high-throughput functional genomic approaches have already allowed researchers to focus on a genome-based understanding of both the individual cellular parts and the biochemical networks, we now need new capabilities that will enable investigation of biochemical processes as a whole in living cells. Today, much of our understanding has come from biochemistry experiments that are averaged over large populations of cells. These approaches have clarified many detailed mechanisms, but they are not sufficient to reveal the differences that exist even within a genetically homogeneous population. For example, recent single-molecul...
Pneumothorax in the Marfan Syndrome: Prevalence and Therapy

At least twenty-four reports of pneumothorax associated with the Marfan syndrome have appeared in the medical literature, but the frequency and optimal method of treatment remain unclear. We conducted a retrospective review of medical records from one genetics clinic and found that the frequency of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients older than 12 years with Marfan's syndrome was 4.4% (11 out of 249). Men were more commonly, but no more severely, affected than women. Seven patients had recurrent or bilateral pneumothorax. In 9 of the 11 patients, apical bullae were present and detectable on chest radiograph. Pneumothorax frequently recurred if not treated by resection of the offending bullae. We recommend that all adolescent and adult patients with the Marfan syndrome undergo chest radiography for ascertainment of the gross pathological condition of the lung. Definitive surgical treatment should be performed at the first occurrence of pneumothorax because of the high rate of recurrence after treatment with a chest tube, with or without pleurodesis.
Pulsed Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy

A technique for the detection of weak nuclear resonance interactions in solids is carried out by a pulsed method which obtains nuclear double resonance. The resonance of the unknown species to be detected does not require a Boltzmann population difference in spin orientation, but must have a sufficient dipole-dipole interaction with a second spin species. At resonance, a single 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} pulse reorients the unknown spins at the time of the 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} pulse in the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} pulse sequence necessary to obtain the observed spin-echo signal of the second species. A reduction of the spin-echo signal signifies double resonance due to changes in local dipolar fields, coupled to the observed spins, which scrambles their precessional phases. Nuclear quadrupole coupling interactions of K, Cs, and Rb isotopes are measured in the chlorates of these ions, where the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$ nucleus provides the observed nuclear quadrupole echo. An analysis is presented for the case of low concentration of unknown spin species. Double quantum transitions and special properties of nuclear quadrupole spectra are observed.
Syntaxin 4 Facilitates Biphasic Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells

Numerous overexpression studies have recently implicated Syntaxin 4 as an effector of insulin secretion, although its requirement in insulin granule exocytosis is unknown. To address this, islets from Syntaxin 4 heterozygous (-/+) knockout mice were isolated and compared with islets from wild-type mice. Under static incubation conditions, Syntaxin 4 (-/+) islets showed a 60% reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared with wild-type islets. Perifusion analyses revealed that Syntaxin 4 (-/+) islets secreted 50% less insulin during the first phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and that this defect could be fully restored by the specific replenishment of recombinant Syntaxin 4. This essential role for Syntaxin 4 in secretion from the islet was localized to the beta-cells because small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of Syntaxin 4 in MIN6 beta-cells abolished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, immunofluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that Syntaxin 4 was principally localized to the beta-cells and not the alpha-cells of the mouse islet. Remarkably, islets isolated from transgenic mice that express 2.4-fold higher levels of Syntaxin 4 relative to wild-type mice secreted approximately 35% more insulin during both phases of insulin secretion, suggesting that increased Syntaxin 4 may be beneficial for enhancing biphasic insulin secretion in a regulated manner. Taken together, these data support the notion that Syntaxin 4-based SNARE complexes are essential for biphasic insulin granule fusion in pancreatic beta-cells.
Building a power-aware database management system

In today's large-scale data centers, energy costs (i.e., the electricity bill) are projected to outgrow that of hardware. Despite a long history of research in energy-saving techniques, especially low-power hardware, little work has been done to improve the power efficiency of data management software. Power-aware computing research at the application level has been found to be synergistic to that at the hardware and OS levels because it can provide more opportunities for energy reduction in the underlying systems. This paper describes the author's thesis work on creating a power-aware database management (P-DBMS) and initial ideas on the design of such systems, with the focus on a power-aware query optimization module inside the DBMS. We discuss the main technical challenges in designing the optimizer and present our strategies to meet such challenges. We focus our discussions on a power model to accurately measure the energy costs of query executions plans, and a cost evaluation model for plan selection. An important feature of this work is the formal control-theoretic methods we use to model and optimize the database towards the performance and energy saving goals. This rigorous design methodology is in sharp contrast to heuristic-based adaptive solutions that rely on extensive empirical evaluation and manual tuning. Our experiments using a power-aware query optimizer under our initial design show that there exist significant potential in power/energy savings.