cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA Polymerase β Mediates Robust Base Lesion Repair in Mammalian Mitochondria

Mitochondrial genome integrity is fundamental to mammalian cell viability. Yet, mitochondrial DNA is constantly under attack from oxygen radicals released during ATP production. DNA repair is important in removing oxidatively‐induced base lesions in mitochondrial DNA, but the presence of a robust base excision repair system has remained unclear. Therefore, we addressed the questions of the presence and repair role of DNA polymerase β (pol β) in mitochondria of mammalian cells. Pol β was localized to mitochondria by electron microscopic immunogold staining and biochemical experiments. Extracts from mitochondria exhibited a strong base excision repair activity that was dependent on pol β. Mitochondria in pol β‐deficient mouse fibroblasts exhibited altered morphology by electron microscopy and were deficient in energy metabolism. These results indicate mammalian mitochondria have a robust base lesion repair system.
Pharmacokinetic variability and therapeutic drug monitoring actions at steady state.

Purpose. To develop a mathematical model for therapeutic drugmonitoring and to assess the kinetic relationships between the intensity ofcorrective action and the approach of drug concentrations to targetvalues.
Evolution of network enumeration strategies in emulated computer networks

Successful attacks on computer networks today do not often owe their victory to directly overcoming strong security measures set up by the defender. Rather, most attacks succeed because the number of possible vulnerabilities are too large for humans to fully protect without making a mistake. Regardless of the security elsewhere, a skilled attacker can exploit a single vulnerability in a defensive system and negate the benefits of those security measures. This paper presents an evolutionary framework for evolving attacker agents in a real, emulated network environment using genetic programming, as a foundation for coevolutionary systems which can automatically discover and mitigate network security flaws. We examine network enumeration, an initial network reconnaissance step, through our framework and present results demonstrating its success, indicating a broader applicability to further cyber-security tasks.
The new era of precision population health: insights for the All of Us Research Program and beyond.

Although precision medicine has made advances in individualized patient treatments, there needs to be continued attention on tailored population health and prevention strategies (often termed “precision population health”). As we continue to link datasets and use “big data” approaches in medicine, inclusion of diverse populations and a focus on disparities reduction are key components within a precision population health framework. Specific recommendations from the All of Us Research Program and the Precision Public Health Summit provide examples for moving this field forward.
Frederick Douglass and Ireland : In His Own Words

Frederick Douglass spent four months in Ireland at the end of 1845 that proved to be, in his own words, ‘transformative’. He reported that for the first time in his life he felt like a man, and not a chattel. Whilst in residence, he became a spokesperson for the abolition movement, but by the time he left the country in early January 1846, he believed that the cause of the slave was the cause of the oppressed everywhere. This book adds new insight into Frederick Douglass and his time in Ireland. Contemporary newspaper accounts of the lectures that Douglass gave during his tour of Ireland (in Dublin, Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Limerick, and Belfast) have been located and transcribed. The speeches are annotated and accompanied by letters written by Douglass during his stay. In this way, for the first time, we hear Douglass in his own words.
Maximum a posteriori path estimation with input trace perturbation: algorithms and application to credible rating of human routines

Rating how well a routine activity is performed can be valuable in a variety of domains. Making the rating inexpensive and credible is a key aspect of the problem. We formalize the problem as MAP estimation in HMMs where the incoming trace needs repair. We present polynomial time algorithms for computing minimal repairs with maximal likelihood for HMMs, Hidden Semi-Markov Models (HSMMs) and a form of HMMs constrained with a fragment of the temporal logic LTL. We present some results to show the promise of our approach.
Molecular markers and genomic resources for disease resistance in peanut-A review

Recent polyploidation of peanut genome and geographical isolation has rendered peanut to be a highly monomorphic species. Due to its narrow genetic base, cultivated peanut has been susceptible to various diseases, causing economic loss to farmers. Availability of only a few disease resistance sources in cultivated peanut has resulted in limited success using the conventional breeding practices. Also, scarcity of markers has been the major limiting factor to precisely identify the disease resistance genomic regions. Recent identification of large number of molecular markers using advanced genomic resources and high throughput sequencing technologies has and will continue to assist in improvement of peanut diversity and breeding. This review gives an update on recent discovery of molecular markers associated with major diseases and the available genomic resources in peanut.
“Don’t Deny Yourself a Seat at the Table”: Supporting the Leadership Development of MSM of Color in HIV Services:

AIDS service organizations have played a vital role in responding to the HIV epidemic, yet many are plagued by an underrepresentation of racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities in leadership position...
Primary Processing Parameters, Porosity Production, and Fatigue Prediction for Additively Manufactured Alloy 718

Powder bed fusion processes commonly introduce voids and defects into components. It has been shown that many of these features and their size and shape characteristics are controllable through process parameter manipulation, but this process is typically time-consuming and expensive. In spite of this, an experiment was developed to explore a wide region of laser powder bed fusion process space, and several void measurements were obtained to characterize component density percentage, pore size, and pore shape. Then, multiple models commonly used in the literature to predict porosity were examined and compared with the experimental data. Using the developed porosity model, a fatigue life prediction framework was adapted, and the predictions were compared to the previously published experimental data. Results of this investigation reveal the strengths and weaknesses of multiple literature models in predicting porosity, and they depict how porosity and resulting fatigue lives vary across process space.
An epeiric glass ramp: Permian low-latitude neritic siliceous sponge colonization and its novel preservation (Phosphoria Rock Complex)

Abstract Glass ramps are shallow-marine depositional settings in which siliceous sponge meadows dominate coastal environments. They are increasingly recognized throughout the Phanerozoic and represent a biosiliceous counterpart to neritic carbonate factories. Detailed reexamination of the Permian Tosi Chert in the Bighorn Basin indicates that it records a glass ramp that extended over at least 75,000 km2. Outcrops, cores, and wireline logs are used to discriminate previously unidentified shallow subtidal to peritidal facies in its landward extent. These facies indicate that sponge meadows ranged from variably oxygenated offshore settings through low-energy, well-oxygenated, and saline shallow subtidal settings, with spicules transported into supratidal environments affected by enterolithic evaporite growth. This range of subenvironments is largely unique among glass ramps. This is the result of the Tosi's accumulation in an epicontinental sea where waves impinged offshore but frictional attenuation caused low-energy nearshore environments. As a result, the Tosi shares similarity with epeiric sea carbonate deposition and is referred to herein as an epeiric glass ramp. The low palaeolatitude of the Tosi and hot and arid desert it bordered also contributed to its uniqueness as shallow waters were warmer and more saline than higher-latitude counterparts. As a result, a minor sea-level fall at the termination of biosiliceous deposition was associated with increased lagoonal circulation and refluxing brines that caused evaporite and dolomite precipitation within the upper Tosi. Preservational attributes of the Tosi also add to the range of unique traits that can be used to reconstruct neritic biosiliceous environments. These include three disparate colours of chert (black, grey, and purple) related to the host strata and diagenetic redox conditions, early chertification that preserved sedimentary structures within nodules, and nodule shape related to bioturbation intensity. The Tosi glass ramp thus expands the known extent and context of Permian glass-ramp deposition along the western Laurentian margin and illustrates key properties that will aid future glass ramp identification.
Gender-based differences in letters of recommendation written for ophthalmology residency applicants.

To determine whether gender-based differences may be present in letters of recommendation written for ophthalmology residency applicants. All applications submitted through SF Match to the UCLA Stein Eye Institute Residency Training Program from the 2017–2018 application cycle were analyzed using validated text analysis software (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (Austin, TX)). The main outcome measures were differences in language use in letters of recommendation by gender of applicant. Of 440 applicants, 254 (58%) were male and 186 (42%) were female. The two gender groups had similar United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 scores, undergraduate grade point averages (uGPA’s), proportions of underrepresented minority (URM) applicants and Gold Humanism Honor Society members, numbers of academic and service activities listed, and gender distributions of their letter writers (all P values > 0.05). However, letters written for male applicants were determined to use more “authentic” words than those written for female applicants (mean difference, 0.800; 95% CI, 0.001–1.590; P = 0.047). Letters written for male applicants also contained more “leisure” words (mean difference, 0.056; 95% CI, 0.008–0.104; P = 0.023) and fewer “feel” words (mean difference, 0.033; 95% CI, 0.001–0.065; P = 0.041) and “biological processes” words (mean difference, 0.157; 95% CI, 0.017–0.297; P = 0.028). There were gender differences detected in recommendation letters in ophthalmology consistent with prior studies from other fields. Awareness of these differences may improve residency selection processes.
Chapter 50 – Prostate Carcinoma

Publisher Summary Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among American men and is especially common among African-American men. The prostate functions in response to sex hormones, and prostate cancer is thought to be an abnormal response to some kind of variation in those hormones, but the exact nature and the external causes of that hormone aberration are unknown. Many prostate cancers do not spread rapidly. Because the prostate-specific antigen screening test came into use around 1990, the disease has been diagnosed more commonly in persons of high social class with good access to medical care, although this was not true prior to that. Diet is strongly suspected of playing a role, as are genetic factors, because multiple cases occur more often in the same family than would be expected. Prostate cancer occurs slightly less frequently in Los Angeles County than in other parts of the country. It is much more common in African-Americans, and much less common in Asian-Americans. The slight tendency for higher risk to appear among high social class communities is explained by higher access to screening, and probably reflects the inclusion of a greater proportion of less aggressive tumors.
Racism as a Motivator for Climate Justice

In the wake of the recent unjustifiable deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and several other African Americans at the hands of police, we have witnessed persistent and widespread protests agai...
What Simulation-Based Mentoring May Afford: Opportunities to Connect Theory and Practice

In this chapter, we contribute some insights from project SimTeach (Herbst P, Chieu VM, SIMTEACH: What can practical knowledge modeled in a teaching simulator contribute to support mathematics teacher learning? National Science Foundation Grant, EHR, DRL-1420102, 2014) concerning the role that technologically mediated teaching simulations can play in learning to teach. We examine opportunities to learn about the teaching of mathematics afforded by the use of a digital simulation of a lesson in the context of simulation-based apprenticeship encounters between a novice teacher and four different experienced teachers who, in paired encounters, mentored her by sharing their thinking as they went through the simulation. These encounters gave opportunities to connect abstract concepts of teaching to practical ways in which they might be experienced in classrooms. We present this as a contribution to the perennial problem of connecting theory and practice in learning to teach.
Perioperative Considerations in the Immunocompromised Patient

SUMMARY As advances in chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy continue to improve patient survival, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon will be called upon with greater frequency to provide services to these patients. Thorough evaluation and prompt treatment are critical to reducing the potential morbidity and mortality in this population of patients.
Evaluating a longitudinal point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) curriculum for pediatric residents

POCUS is a growing field in medical education, and an imaging modality ideal for children given the lack of ionizing radiation, ease of use, and good tolerability. A 2019 literature review revealed that no US pediatric residency programs integrated obligatory POCUS curricula. Our objective was to provide a formalized POCUS curriculum over multiple years, and to retrospectively assess improvement in resident skills and comfort. During intern year, pediatric residents received didactics and hands-on scanning opportunities in basic POCUS applications. Their evaluation tools included pre- and post-surveys and tests, and a final performance exam. In the second and third years of residency, all participants were required to complete 8 hours per year of POCUS content review and additional hands-on training. An optional third-year curriculum was offered to interested residents as career-focused education elective time. Our curriculum introduced POCUS topics such as basic and advanced cardiac, lung, skin/soft tissues and procedural based ultrasound to all pediatric residents. Among first-year residents, application-specific results showed POCUS comfort level improved by 61–90%. Completed evaluations demonstrated improvement in their ability to recognize and interpret POCUS images. Second- and third-year residents reported educational effectiveness that was rated 3.9 on a 4-point Likert scale. Four third-year residents took part in the optional POCUS elective, and all reported a change in their practice with increased POCUS incorporation. Our longitudinal pediatric residency POCUS curriculum is feasible to integrate into residency training and exhibits early success.
High dimensional mapping of temporal evolution within the marrow microenvironment in response to FLT3 inhibitor therapy.

7020Background: The advent of genomic sequencing technologies has revealed underlying genetic alterations, such as FLT3 mutations, that can be targeted in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, dev...
The Proteomic Landscape of Growth Factor Signaling Networks Associated with FAT1 Mutations in Head and Neck Cancers.

FAT1 is frequently mutated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the biological and clinical effects of FAT1 mutations in HNSCC remain to be fully elucidated. We investigated the landscape of altered protein and gene expression associated with FAT1 mutations and clinical outcomes of HNSCC patients. FAT1 mutation was stratified with clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC databases with more than 200 proteins or phosphorylated sites. FAT1 mutation was significantly more prevalent among HPV(-), female, and older patients and was enriched in oral, larynx, and hypopharynx primary tumors. FAT1 mutation was also significantly associated with lower FAT1 gene expression and increased protein expression of HER3_pY1289, IRS1, and CAVEOLIN1. From an independent International Cancer Genome Consortium dataset, FAT1 mutation in oral cancer co-occurred with top mutated genes TP53 and CASP8. Poorer overall survival or progression-free survival was observed in patients with FAT1 mutation or altered HER3_pY1289, IRS1, or CAVEOLIN. Pathway analysis revealed dominant ERBB/neuregulin pathways mediated by FAT1 mutations in HNSCC, and protein signature panels uncovered the heterogeneity of patient subgroups. Decreased pEGFR, pHER2, and pERK and upregulated pHER3 and HER3 proteins were observed in two FAT1 knockout HNSCC cell lines, supporting that FAT1 alterations lead to altered EGFR/ERBB signaling. In squamous cancers of the lung and cervix, a strong association of FAT1 and EGFR gene expression was identified. Collectively, these results suggest that alteration of FAT1 appears to involve mostly HPV(-) HNSCC and may contribute to resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy.
Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes Among Lung Transplant Recipients of Donors With Cocaine Use.

INTRODUCTION There is limited data regarding lung transplant (LT) outcomes among recipients of donors with a history of cocaine use. We sought to assess the burden of cocaine abuse among LT donors, describe their characteristics, and evaluate the association with post-transplant outcomes. METHODS From the United Network for Organ Sharing database, we included adult patients (age ≥18 years) who underwent LT between 1996 and 2014 (N = 20,106; mean age 53.7 ± 13 years; male: 57%). Study groups were divided based on the donor history of recent cocaine abuse (last 6 months). Donor and recipient characteristics were compared between the 2 groups. With 1-year survival as the primary endpoint, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess for an independent association with the donor history of cocaine use. RESULTS The overall frequency of donors with any history of cocaine use was 10.9% (n = 2189), although less than half were current users (n = 1001, 4.98%). Unadjusted 1-year survival was worse among recipients of donors with current cocaine use, although it did not achieve statistical significance (84.4% vs 82.2%; odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.99-1.38; P = .07). After adjusting for potential confounders, the current use of cocaine was not associated with 1-year survival (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95-1.18; P = .29). CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of lung donors have a history of cocaine abuse. Although unadjusted early outcomes appear to worsen among recipients of active cocaine users, an independent association was not seen with 1-year survival. The current analysis supports the continued use of donors with a history of cocaine abuse, assuming they meet other criteria for organ quality.
β-catenin and tcfs in mammary development and cancer

Beta-catenin regulates cell-cell adhesion and transduces signals from many pathways to regulate the transcriptional activities of Tcf/Lef DNA binding factors. Gene ablation and transgenic expression studies strongly support the concept that beta-catenin together with Lef/Tcf factors act as a switch to determine cell fate and promote cell survival and proliferation at several stages during mammary gland development. Mice expressing the negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling (K14-Dkk) fail to form mammary buds, and those lacking Lef-1 show an early arrest in this process at stage E13.5. Stabilized deltaN89beta-catenin initiates precocious alveologenesis during pubertal development, and negative regulators of endogenous beta-catenin signaling suppress normal alveologenesis during pregnancy. Stabilized beta-catenin induces hyperplasia and mammary tumors in mice. Each of the beta-catenin-induced phenotypes is accompanied by upregulation of the target genes cyclin D1 and c-myc. Cyclin D1, however, is dispensable for tumor formation and the initiation of alveologenesis but is essential for later alveolar expansion.
The elecrodeless discharge at atmospheric pressure

Summary form only given, as follows. Recently the generation and applications of atmospheric pressure plasmas received increased interest in the plasma research community. Applications such as the surface modification of materials, and the decontamination of matter have been under investigation. In this context, we introduce a new means of generating an atmospheric pressure discharge, which is suitable for use in the above-mentioned applications, and in the treatment of undesirable or polluting gases, such as VOCs. This device is a capacitively coupled discharge. It is basically made of a nonconducting tube with two independent loops of wire wrapped around it, and separated by a distance d. A stable discharge is generated inside the tube when an AC voltage of few hundred volts to few kilovolts, at a frequency of few kilohertz, is applied between the loops. One end of the tube is completely open to the outside air, and a seed gas (generally a noble gas such as helium) is introduced in the tube. The plasma generated with this method is weakly ionized, cold, and is maintained by a relatively low input power (few tens of watts, depending on the size of the tube). In this paper, the discharge electrical characteristics, its radiation emission characteristics, and the measurement relevant plasma parameters will be presented.
Interpolants and symbolic model checking

An interpolant for a mutually inconsistent pair of formulas (A,B) is a formula that is (1) implied by A, (2) inconsistent with B, and (3) expressed over the common variables of A and B. An interpolant can be efficiently derived from a refutation of A∧B, for certain theories and proof systems. In this tutorial we will cover methods of generating interpolants, and applications of interpolants, including invariant generation and abstraction refinement.
Psychology of Alcohol and Other Drugs : A Research Perspective

Psychology of Psychoactive Drugs Defining Use, Abuse and Dependency The Extent of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Pharmacology and Neurophysiology of Alcohol and Other Drugs Heredity and Environment Alcohol and Other Drug Use Theories of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Age, Alcohol and Other Drugs Gender Differences in Alcohol and Other Drugs Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Alcohol and Other Drug Use Personality Differences in Relation to Alcohol and Other Drugs Alcohol and Other Drugs Relationship to Basic Psychological Processes Alcohol and Other Drugs Relationship to Interpersonal Processes Alcohol and Other Drugs Relationship to Family Processes Recovering from Alcohol and Other Drug Dependency Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug Dependency Relapse after Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems
Model reduction: Why it is possible and how it can potentially help to control swarms of Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs)

In many application areas, such as meteorology, traffic control, etc., it is desirable to employ swarms of Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs) to provide us with a good picture of the changing situation and thus, to help us make better predictions (and make better decisions based on these predictions). To avoid duplication, interference, and collisions, UAVs must coordinate their trajectories. As a result, the optimal control of each of these UAVs should depend on the positions and velocities of all others - which makes the corresponding control problem very complicated. Since, in contrast to controlling a single UAV, the resulting problem is too complicated to expect an explicit solution, a natural idea is to extra expert rules and use fuzzy control methodology to translate these rules into a precise control strategy. However, with many possible combinations of variables, it is not possible to elicit that many rules. In this paper, we show that, in general, it is possible to use model reduction techniques to decrease the number of questions and thus, to make rules elicitation possible. In addition to general results, we also show that for the UAVs, optimal control indeed leads to a model reduction - and thus, to a drastic potential decrease in the corresponding number of questions.
When does parameter drift decrease the uncertainty in extinction risk estimates

Halley (2003) proposed that parameter drift decreases the uncertainty in long-range extinction risk estimates, because drift mitigates the extreme sensitivity of estimated risk to estimated mean growth rate. However, parameter drift has a second, opposing effect: it increases the uncertainty in parameter estimates from a given data set. When both effects are taken into account, parameter drift can increase, sometimes substantially, the uncertainty in risk estimates. The net effect depends sensitively on the type of drift and on which model parameters must be estimated from observational data on the population at risk. In general, unless many parameters are estimated from independent data, parameter drift increases the uncertainty in extinction risk. These findings suggest that more mechanistic PVA models, using long-term data on key environmental variables and experiments to quantify their demographic impacts, offer the best prospects for escaping the high data requirements when extinction risk is estimated from observational data.
Does hybrid lethality depend on sex or genotype

A recent spate of articles in this and other journals has highlighted a pattern that appears to characterize the genetics of speciation: the genes causing hybrid inviability typically kill both sexes, while the genes causing hybrid sterility typically sterilize one sex only ([Orr 1993][1]; [Wu and
Trading for a Place: Poor Women and Prostitution

Abstract On the basis of participant observation at an organization dedicated to helping poor and marginalized women escape prostitution, I argue that prostitution cannot be adequately understood without considering the conditions under which poor women live. Conversely, 1 also argue that women's poverty cannot be adequately understood without analysis of the role of prostitution in it. In much scholarship, public opinion, and according to the state, however, prostitute women are defined primarily as “criminal” or “deviant,” rather than as impoverished citizens legitimately in need of assistance. Further, scholarship on women's poverty generally treats “poor women” and “prostitutes” as mutually exclusive categories. To counter what I believe to be faulty assumptions in existing scholarship, 1 offer and expand upon three basic assertions: (a) poor women do not generally enter prostitution by choice, (b) prostitution is not analogous to legitimate employment for poor women, and (c) prostitution is not a way...
MotoCAP STA Framework: New approach to testing of embedded systems

Testing of embedded systems based on Java platform is a hard and not standardized process for software companies. The present paper is devoted to Motorola St.-Petersburg Development Center experience in this area. The technical details as well as results of using MotoCAP STA Framework are provided.
Intercellular lipid in oilseeds

Electron microscopic observations of three oilseeds, zucchini, yucca, and okra, have revealed a substance occurring in the intercellular spaces in the embryos of these seeds. Extraction methods and histochemical tests for light microscopy have characterized the material as lipid. Disappearance of the intercellular lipid during seed germination suggests that it may be utilized by the germinating seed.
Phase retrieval using two Fourier-transform intensities

We consider the problem of reconstructing either a one-dimensional or a two-dimensional signal from its Fourier intensity and the Fourier intensity of another signal that is related to the first by the addition of a known reference signal. Several theorems are given that give conditions under which a unique reconstruction is possible, and a recursive algorithm is provided that allows for the reconstruction of the signal from the pair of Fourier intensities.
Band structure of femtosecond-laser-pulse excited GaAs

Abstract A major contribution to the change in the band structure of highly excited GaAs is shown to be electronic in origin and due to the change in the screened pseudopotential and exchange-correlation effects. For 10% electron excitation, the fundamental gap, which becomes indirect as in GaP, vanishes, and the bonding-antibonding gap at X is reduced by almost one half.
Consumer Research at the Federal Trade Commission: My Experiences from 1992 to 1993:

and colleagues. The purpose of this invited reflection is to share my experiences as a Consumer Research Specialist at the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in Washington, D.C. from July 1, 1992, through June 30, 1993. I appreciate the vision of Bill Wilkie in creating this special section on the FTC for this issue of Journal of Public Policy & Marketing (JPPM). The experiences of marketing academics at the FTC are important because the Commission has represented the primary regulatory body of business and marketing practices since its inception in 1914 (its expansion of powers in 1938 include consumer protection). It is my hope that my own valuable experience can serve as a model for other marketing academics who may be interested in starting or re-energizing their career in the marketing and public policy discipline through direct work at federal agencies such as the FTC. This reflection discusses how I obtained the position, what I did for the Commission, what impact it had on me, and what has happened as a result of the experience and afterward.
Assessment of Enhanced Autofluorescence and Impact on Cell Microscopy for Microfabricated Thermoplastic Devices

Thermoplastics such as polystyrene (PS) and cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) have become common materials for fabrication of microfluidic cell-based systems because of a number of attractive properties. However, thermoplastics are also known to exhibit autofluorescence levels that may hinder their utility for cell-based and imaging applications. Here, we identify and characterize a phenomenon causing an increase in the autofluorescence of polystyrene after thermal treatment. This effect is of particular importance for plastic microfluidic device fabrication because the ranges of pressures and temperatures causing this effect match the same range as those used for polystyrene bonding. Further, we find that the enhanced autofluorescence has significant impact on the image quality, accuracy, and ability to identify and quantify fluorescently labeled cells. We tested two alternative strategies, solvent bonding of PS or thermal bonding of COP, to alleviate the adverse effects of heterogeneous and enhanced autofluore...
PARTY ROLL CALL VOTING ON MEDICARE 1980–1996

Party roll call votes on Medicare from 1980 to 1996 show that the Democrats were more likely to allocate a new or expand upon an existing benefit, restore money to the Medicare program, lower provider reimbursements and change program rules to cut costs. Republicans were more likely to reduce general revenue funding to the Medicare program and to increase beneficiaries' costs. Though both parties claimed to act to save the Medicare program from insolvency, their roll call voting indicates that congressional action has been primarily in the form of inconsistent and incremental tinkering at the margins of Medicare policy.
Information on chemotherapy and hormone therapy from tumor registry had moderate agreement with chart reviews.

Background Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries provide accurate information on cancer surgery and radiation, but the validity of registry data on chemotherapy and hormone therapy for breast cancer has not been well studied. We validated the registry data for chemotherapy and hormone therapy against an independent medical chart review.
Five Years Later: Maryland Adjuncts Tell Us (Again) Who They Are and What They Want

Abstract Adjunct faculty make up a large contingent of faculty teaching in today's colleges and universities. In fact, the use of adjunct faculty allows these institutions to fulfill their educational missions. Much is written in the popular press and in periodicals dedicated to higher education about adjunct faculty. While some of this is accurate, a great deal of this seems to be based on assumptions about adjunct faculty members. This report describes the results of the second survey conducted by the Maryland Consortium for Adjunct Faculty Professional Development of adjunct faculty in the state of Maryland. This survey, done in 2009, sought to determine what trends exist in adjunct faculty responses to an in-depth questionnaire administered to 1,645 adjunct faculty. The survey focused on adjunct faculty members’ opinions and demographic information, including degrees and credentials, number of adjunct positions held, number of courses typically taught, and types of professional development offered for...
Behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a naturalistic setting

This report describes a naturalistic study of an outpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Treatment consisted of exposure and response prevention (ERP). Over the course of 7 years, 39 patients received a diagnosis of OCD and had a baseline Y-BOCS (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale) score. Of those, 23 received treatment and completed a Y-BOCS following treatment. Y-BOCS scores fell from 24.3 at pretreatment to 7.9 at posttreatment for the 23 patients who received treatment. Results are discussed in the context of randomized clinical trials versus naturalistic applications. In addition, a case summary is presented highlighting some of the treatment issues in delivering ERP in an outpatient clinical setting.
Small Prosthesis Size in Aortic Valve Replacement Does Not Affect Mortality

Background Small prosthesis size has been associated with poorer postoperative outcomes in aortic valve replacement (AVR). We hypothesized that the use of small aortic valve (AV) prostheses does not independently increase operative mortality following AVR, but that mortality may instead be related to comorbidities. Methods We examined the mortality among 4,621 patients who underwent primary AVR operations at 13 different statewide centers from 2003 to 2008. Patients were stratified by prosthesis size into groups with small (≤ 21 mm, n=1,810) and standard AV prostheses (≥ 23 mm, n=2,811). The effect of prosthesis size on outcomes was evaluated with univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results Operative mortality among patients undergoing primary AVR operations was 3.7%. Among isolated operations, small AV prostheses were implanted in more females (79.9% vs 21.0%, p p p p = 0.01), a greater mortality (3.9% vs 2.3%, p = 0.03), a longer postoperative length of stay (6.0 [3.0] vs 5.0 [3.0] days, p p Conclusions Small aortic valve prosthesis size does not independently increase operative mortality following primary AVR. Increased morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing the implantation of small AV prostheses is related to the confounding effects of preoperative and operative risk factors. Annular enlargement may not always reduce mortality.
Unconditionally stable element-by-element algorithms for dynamic problems

A collection of results is presented regarding the consistency, stability and accuracy of operator split methods and product formula algorithms for general nonlinear equations of evolution. These results are then applied to the structural dynamics problem. The basic idea is to exploit an element-by-element additive decomposition of a particular form of the discrete dynamic equations resulting from a finite element discretization. It is shown that such a particular form of the discrete dynamic equations is obtained when velocity and stress are taken as unknowns. By applying the general product formula technique to the element-by-element decomposition, unconditionally stable algorithms are obtained that involve only element coefficient matrices. The storage requirements and operation counts are comparable to those of explicit methods. The method places no restriction on the topology of the finite element mesh.
Vertical Distribution in Soil, Persistence, and Efficacy Against Citrus Root Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of Two Species of Entomogenous Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae; Heterorhabditidae)

Experiments were conducted in a 6-yr-old citrus orchard to test the efficacy of different formulations of the nematodes Steinernema riobravis (Cabanillas,Poinar & Raulston) and Heterorhabditis baderiophora (Poinar) against a citrus root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), and to measure nematode persistence at different soil depths. One hour after application, >55% of both nematode species that were recovered in soil samples were at a depth of 0–1 cm and 33%of both species were recovered between depths of 3 and 15 cm. Numbers of S. riobravis at depths of 3–15 cm remained constant during the following 7 d, but numbers of H. bacteriophora declined 64%. During the same period, the numbers of both species recovered from depths of 0–1 cm declined by >99%. The data suggest that the lack of persistence reported for these nematodes in Florida citrus orchards is related to their vertical distribution in soil following application. Nine weeks after application, the numbers of D. abbreviatus at soil depths of 0–45 cm were reduced by 77 and 90%, respectively, in plots treated with liquid or granular formulations of S. riobravis . Neither formulation of H. bacteriophora affected the population density of D. abbreviatus .
Speaking for Oneself: Wittgenstein on Ethics

Abstract In the “Lecture on ethics”, Wittgenstein declares that ethical statements are essentially nonsense. He later told Friedrich Waismann that it is essential to “speak for oneself” on ethical matters. These comments might be taken to suggest that Wittgenstein shared an emotivist view of ethics—that one can only speak for oneself because there is no truth in ethics, only expressions of opinion (or emotions). I argue that this assimilation of Wittgenstein to emotivist thought is deeply misguided, and rests upon a serious misunderstanding of what is implied by the nonsensicality of ethical claims on Wittgenstein's view. I develop a reading of Wittgenstein's remarks in the “Lecture on ethics” on which ethical statements, despite their nonsensicality, reveal the perspective of the speaker. The purpose of ethical language is to elucidate a speaker's perspective. Such elucidations, and the perspectives they reveal, can be evaluated, criticized, and respected on principled grounds even if, as Wittgenstein in...
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF EARLY TURBULENCE

Experimental and theoretical studies of early turbulence in pipe flows of drag-reducing polymer solutions are described in this work. The experiments show that a critical onset wall shear stress, which increases with solvent viscosity, is associated with the phenomenon. The relationship of the onset condition to polymer concentration is a strong function of viscosity over the range of variables considered. Atheoretical, hydrodynamic stability analysis of the laminar pipe flow of a convected Maxwell fluid is presented. The results suggest that early turbulence is a hydrodynamic instability phenomenon.
Purchasing a medical office minicomputer system. Guidelines and considerations

Medical office computer systems can increase practice efficiency, but adequate minicomputer systems are still expensive, and some technical knowledge is needed if potential pitfalls in system acquisition and operation are to be avoided. A general introduction both to the capabilities and costs of currently available medical office computer systems is presented, and considerations which should be examined before acquiring an office computer are discussed.
English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and Discrimination in the United States

Preface Introduction: Language Ideology or Science Fiction? 1. The Linguistic Facts of Life 2. Language in Motion 3. The Myth of Non-Accent 4. The Standard Language Myth 5. Language Subordination 6. The Educational System: Fixing the Message in Stone 7. Teaching Children How to Discriminate (What We Learn From the Big Bad Wolf) 8. The Information Industry 9. Real People with a Real Language: The Workplace and the Judicial System 10. The Real Trouble with Black English 11. Hillbillies, Hicks & Southern Belles: The Language Rebels 12. Defying Paradise: Hawai'i 13. The Other In The Mirror 14. !Ya Basta! 15. The Unassimilable Races: What It Means To Be Asian 16. Case Study: Moral Panic in Oakland 17. Case Study: Linguistic Profiling and Fair Housing 18. Conclusions: Civil (Dis)obedience And The Shadow of Language Glossary Bibliography I Bibliography II
Carbonated apatite-induced arthropathy: a consideration in cases of polyarthritis.

Background A 79-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of her painful and swollen joints. She had a medical history of congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency and peptic ulcer disease. For the past 3 years she had experienced recurrent bouts of debilitating arthritis, lasting approximately 3–4 weeks at a time. The symptoms were most severe in the hands and knees, where the joints were warm, swollen and tender. During each flare-up, the patient was housebound and required therapeutic dosing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and codeine to control joint pain. Investigations Physical examination, fine-detailed radiographs of the hands, standing radiographs of the knees, arthrocentesis including cell count and gram stain, compensated polarized light microscopy, alizarin-red staining, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, electron microprobe analysis with energy dispersive spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Diagnosis Carbonated-substituted apatite arthropathy. Management Both knees were aspirated and large volumes of a straw-colored synovial fluid was removed. The knees were injected with corticosteroid, resulting in excellent symptomatic response.
Sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine following cocaethylene-preexposure.

The present study assessed the ability of cocaethylene to induce sensitization to the behavioral activating effects of cocaine in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Preexposure to cocaethylene (15 or 25 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the locomotor activating effects of a subsequent cocaine (15 mg/kg) challenge injection. In addition, acute intraperitoneal administration at several doses (10, 15, or 25 mg/kg) confirmed previous reports of increased bioavailability of cocaine in brain and plasma relative to cocaethylene. These data are discussed in terms of previous work in which a significant augmentation of cocaine-induced locomotor activity was not observed following cocaethylene preexposure.
The anatomy of the forelimb in the anteater (Tamandua) and its functional implications.

The forelimbs of anteaters play a major role in obtainment of food, defense, and locomotion. The greatly enlarged claws on the manus are used for ripping open insect nests and insect-infested wood; the claws also serve as the animals' only defensive weapons, since they lack teeth. Specialization of the claws for these functions has also had a substantial effect on the ways in which the forelimb is used for posture and locomotion. Modifications of the forelimb in the anteater Tamandua include the following. Attachments of the medial head of triceps are rearranged so as to greatly increase capability for powerful flexion of the claws. Ability to flex the elbow and to retract the humerus is also augmented; these movements would assist digital flexion in applying traction with the claws to material being torn away during food procurement. This traction can be supplemented by a variety of powerful side-to-side and/or twisting movements of the hand, brought about primarily by axial rotation of the upper arm and forearm. The digital joints are reinforced to resist the deviational and torsional loading to which the digits would be subjected during such movements. The morphological modifications of the forelimb in Tamandua are discussed in terms of how they affect the mechanical capabilities of the limb, what functions the limb is best designed to perform, how they may relate to what little is known about the specialized behavior of this animal, and what behavioral predictions may be made based on mechanical design.
Depression and apathy in Parkinson’s disease

This article provides an update on depression and apathy in Parkinson’s disease (PD), both of which are common but often misunderstood. The diagnosis of depression in PD can be challenging and we still do not have solid evidence on which to base our treatment decisions. Apathy is most commonly seen in the setting of dementia or depression but emerging evidence suggests that it may be a core feature of PD. There are conflicting reports about the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on mood and apathy, but studies suggest that at least some patients may develop depression and apathy after the procedure. Although we are making strides toward a better understanding of depression and apathy in PD, it is clear that more research is needed about these non-motor features.
Fine-grained integration of access control policies

Collaborative and distributed applications, such as dynamic coalitions and virtualized grid computing, often require integrating access control policies of collaborating parties. Such an integration must be able to support complex authorization specifications and the fine-grained integration requirements that the various parties may have. In this paper, we introduce an algebra for fine-grained integration of sophisticated policies. The algebra, which consists of three binary and two unary operations, is able to support the specification of a large variety of integration constraints. For ease of use, we also introduce a set of derived operators and provide guidelines for users to edit a policy with desired properties. To assess the expressive power of our algebra, we define notion of completeness and prove that our algebra is complete and minimal with respect to the notion. We then propose a framework that uses the algebra for the fine-grained integration of policies expressed in XACML. We also present a methodology for generating the actual integrated XACML policy, based on the notion of Multi-Terminal Binary Decision Diagrams. Experimental results have demonstrated both effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. In addition, we also discuss issues regarding obligations.
Dorothy Day: A Radical Devotion

* A Life Remembered * An Inquiring Idealism * Conversion * The Church Obeyed and Challenged * A Localist Politics * Living in a House of Hospitality * Her Spiritual Kin