cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-glucose stimulation increases reactive oxygen species production through the calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated activation of mitochondrial fission.

Abstract Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria is the main cause of hyperglycemic complications. We previously showed that hyperglycemic conditions induce mitochondrial fragmentation that is causal for ROS overproduction. This study was to identify signaling components that induce mitochondrial fragmentation in high-glucose stimulation. We found that exposing cells to the high-glucose concentration evokes increases in cytosolic Ca2+. Chelating Ca2+ in the high-glucose medium prevented not only the Ca2+ transient but also mitochondrial fragmentation and the ROS increase, indicating that the Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane is an upstream event governing mitochondrial fission and the ROS generation in high-glucose stimulation. We found that the high-glucose-induced Ca2+ increase activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The Ca2+ chelation prevented the ERK1/2 activation, and inhibition of the ERK1/2 phosphorylat...
Videodensitometric determination of left ventricular ejection and filling characteristics.

Left ventricular ejection fraction and values proportional to mitral and aortic flow were measured throughout the cardiac cycle by videodensitometric analysis of left ventricular roentgen angiograms. The technique was used simultaneously with measurement of the dimensions of the ventricle to provide absolute values for comparison. Sensitivity of the technique was tested by the ability to detect the atrial contribution to mitral flow and left ventricular chamber volume. Roentgen videodensitometry has the advantages that much information can be extracted from videoangiograms in real-time (on-line, if need be), it requires relatively low concentration of contrast medium, and it is self-calibrating.
225 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PEDIATRIC CARDIAC ARREST

The natural history of outcome in children sustaining a cardiac arrest (CA) has not been adequately described. The purpose of this ongoing prospective study is to describe the outcome of CA in a pediatric tertiary care hospital and to define the clinical setting around the arrest in order to relate these events to outcome. Patients entered the study at the time of CA(defined as the need for cardiac compressions). CA data such as blood gases, blood pressure, length of resuscitation, and drugs given, etc., were recorded. Serial coma exams through the first 72 hours post-arrest were performed. Survivors received ongoing neurologic examinations. A data base such as the above is necessary before new CA techniques can be assessed. Presently, there are 11 intact survivors. However, 5 of these survivors are less than 3 months of age, and further re-evaluation will be necessary to determine their eventual outcome. Resuscitative efforts beyond 24 minutes in this study were unsuccessful. Further base line data is required before experimental pharmacologic methods of “brain resuscitation” can be assessed.
Diverse Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Strains for the Conjunctiva

Purpose: To determine the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus strains in the rabbit conjunctiva.Methods: Three strains of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (8325-4, Newman, and UMCR1) and two strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (70490 and MW2) were analyzed. Rabbit bulbar conjunctivas (n ≥ 6 per group) were injected with 105 colony forming units (CFU) in 10 µl. Eyes were photographed and analyzed for pathology at 20 hr postinfection (PI) using slit lamp examination (SLE) to measure five parameters on a scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe): injection, chemosis, iritis, corneal edema, and pinpoint conjunctival hemorrhages. The parameter grades were added to produce a SLE score. Bacteria were enumerated and histopathological analysis was done at 20 hr PI. Myeloperoxidase assays were performed on conjunctival swabs (n ≥ 3 per strain) at 0 and 20 hr PI.Results: Conjunctivas injected with 8325-4 or Newman had SLE scores of 1.67 ± 0.12 and 0.81 ± 0.16, respectively. Strain 70490 produced an average SLE score ...
Quantitative Contrasts in the Copolymerization of Acrylate- and Methacrylate-Based Comonomers

Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) was used to assess quantitatively the reactivity, average composition drift and distributions, as well as molar mass and intrinsic viscosity evolution of comonomers from the acrylate and methacrylate families during free radical copolymerization. In the latter case, N-methacryloxysuccinimide (MASI) was of chief interest because of its promise as a starting material from which highly tailored polymers can be produced by postpolymerization modifications. It was found that the reactivity ratios of MASI with an acrylate, such as butyl acrylate (BA), were widely separated and comparable to the case of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and BA. In contrast, reactivity ratios for MMA/MASI were closer together, consistent with general trends in the literature for MMA copolymerization with other methacrylates. While this is intuitively reasonable from a chemical point of view, this comprehensive online characterization confirms that at least some predictions about MASI copolymerization behavior can be made using the much wider knowledge base for MMA. The disparity between BA/MASI copolymerization compared to MMA/MASI is also seen in the unusual increase in weight-average molar mass and intrinsic viscosity as conversion increases. This work establishes the precedents and methodologies that can be used as a general tool in MASI-based developments and paves the way toward monitoring ATRP copolymerization of MASI, as well as postpolymerization modifications such as hydrolysis and derivitization.
A current control MPPT method in high power solar energy conversion system

The traditional method of MPPT control for singlestage three/single-phase inverter typically adjusts the DC voltage reference corresponding to the power variation of PV array. This method usually has two control loops which exhibit slow response speed. This paper discusses the series connection model of solar panes and partial shading issue aroused by it. Then it proposes a direct current control method to realize MPPT for single-stage three-phase inverter featuring fast response against disturbance and reduces the DC voltage ripple. The proposed MPPT method is illustrated in detail accompanied with a stability analysis method. Simulation results are given to validate the proposed algorithm and theory.
Estimating Proportion of Explained Variance for Selected Analysis of Variance Designs

The failure to report proportion of variance accounted for by treatment in the social work research and practice literature has frequently led to misleading appraisals of the importance of findings. Researchers can remedy this problem by reporting the proportion of explained variance (PEV) as well as traditional statements of statistical significance. This article describes computational procedures for deriving PEV when published reports fail to provide this information.
Recessions and Tax-Cuts: Economic Cycles' Impact on Individual Giving, Philanthropy, and Higher Education.

Few researchers have examined how individual giving to higher education is effected by the economy, specifically during downturns and periodic changes in tax laws. Further understanding the relationship between the economy's cycles and philanthropic giving, including the correlation of tax cuts to donations, will help colleges and universities better prepare for future sustained downturns. Using data from the American Association of Fundraising Counsel's Giving USA annual reports on philanthropy from 1960 through 2005, the Council for the Aid to Education's Voluntary Support of Education database, and reports from Moody's Investors Services and the Aspen Institute, this paper investigates the relationship between recessions and voluntary giving to higher education. Finally, this paper explores how federal tax policy, specifically the tax cuts in 1986 and 2001, affects giving to higher education.
EDWARD FINEGAN & JOHN R. RICKFORD (eds.), Language in the USA: Themes for the twenty-first century

Edward Finegan & John R. Rickford (eds.), Language in the USA: Themes for the twenty-first century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xiii, 502. Hb $85.00.Language in the USA: Themes for the twenty-first century, edited by Edward Finegan and John R. Rickford, consists of 26 articles commissioned from prominent language scholars. The collection offers brief chapters covering a wide variety of issues relevant to the sociolinguistic situation of the 21st-century United States. The chapters are organized into three sections: Part 1, “American English,” Part 2, “Other language varieties,” and Part 3, “The sociolinguistic situation.” The editors hope that the volume's “perspectives will launch inquiries into the topics of interest among student readers, policy makers, and the educated public” (p. xviii). The primary intended audience seems to be undergraduate students who have some background in linguistics. However, despite some use of IPA and a small amount of field-specific terminology, the editors and contributors have created a volume that is accessible to a wider audience that includes the general public.
Atmospheric changes in North America during the last deglaciation from dune-wetland records in the Midwestern United States

Reconstructing moisture conditions during the early retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) may help define the phase relationship of deglacial conditions and atmospheric changes over North America. Here, we report two sediment successions near the concurrent ice margins in the Midwest of the U.S.A. to show that dune formation was active from 17.7 to 14.7 and from 12.8 to 11.8 thousand years ago (ka) and lowland soils formed at 14.7 and wetland sediments developed from 13.5 to 12.8 ka. Our results suggest that moisture conditions in the Midwestern U.S.A. were inversely phased with those in the southwestern U.S.A. During the Heinrich event 1 (H1) and Younger Dryas (YD) stadials, the northern area became drier and southern area became wetter, whereas during the Bolling/Allerod (B/A) interstadials, the northern area became wetter and southern area became drier. This pattern is also observed on phase change levels within the H1 interval. In detail, from 17.7 to 16.5 ka during the H1b phase, major aridity in the Midwest corresponded to wet conditions in the Southwest U.S.A. From 16.5 to 15.0 ka during the H1a phase, climate reversed from dry to wet in the Midwest, whereas conditions went from wet to dry in the Southwest. From 15.0 to 14.7 ka during the transition to the Bolling/Allerod (t-B/A) phase, a return of aridity in the Midwest corresponded to a return of humidity in the Southwest.
Electronic structure of the quenched superconductivity materials Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ☆

Abstract The superconductivity of the Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ system is quenched as x increases. It has been speculated that praseodymium has a valence of 4+, which results in extra charge in the Cu-O planes, and causes quenching of Tc. To study the electronic state of praseodymium, the valence band resonant photoemission of the Y1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ system was measured for x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. It was found that the praseodymium valence is close to 3+ for all x values and that the extracted Pr 4f spectral weight has a complex line shape. This line shape implies extensive Pr 4f-O 2p/Cu 3d hybridization which probably causes the quenching of Tc by disrupting the electronic or magnetic structure of the x = 0 material, perhaps via Pr-Cu and Pr-O superexchange interactions.
Alu repeats and human genomic diversity

During the past 65 million years, Alu elements have propagated to more than one million copies in primate genomes, which has resulted in the generation of a series of Alu subfamilies of different ages. Alu elements affect the genome in several ways, causing insertion mutations, recombination between elements, gene conversion and alterations in gene expression. Alu-insertion polymorphisms are a boon for the study of human population genetics and primate comparative genomics because they are neutral genetic markers of identical descent with known ancestral states.
Emulsifying Characteristics of Prerigor and Postrigor Poultry Muscle

Abstract THE red meat industry has recognized the value of prerigor meat in their formulations for sometime. In fact, it was common practice at one time to utilize prerigor meat in emulsified products. The use of prerigor meat has largely been discontinued because of excessive refrigeration and labor requirements (Saffle, 1968). Emulsification properties as related to the state of rigor, have been studied by a number of red meat researchers. Saffle and Galbreath (1964) compared prerigor and postrigor muscle and observed that extractability of salt-soluble proteins was more efficient in prerigor muscle. Trautman (1964) further indicated that porcine prerigor salt-soluble proteins produce more stable emulsions than that observed from postrigor salt-soluble proteins. Emulsions capacity of prerigor bovine meat was reported by Acton and Saffle (1969) to be superior to that found from postrigor bovine meat. Little previous work has been reported on the emulsification properties of poultry meat as related to…
Fresh fruit consumption in Japan

The study investigates the household demand for fresh fruits in Japan using the differential demand system approach and Japan's household fresh fruit expenditure data for the period from 1973 through 1990. Results show decreasing household expenditures on fresh fruits and high orange prices attributed to the decrease in Mandarin orange consumption. ©1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new class of synthetic nucleoside analogues with broad-spectrum antiviral properties.

THE newly synthesized nucleoside analogue virazole (1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) belongs to the class of nucleosides of pyrazomycin and showdomycin with a five-membered heterocyclic base linked to a β-D-ribofuranose moiety1. Virazole is of considerable interest because it is the first synthetic nucleoside that shows broad-spectrum antiviral properties. The chemical characterization and biological properties of virazole have been described recently2–7. The purpose of our X-ray study was to establish unequivocally its chemical structure and conformation and to investigate its mode of action.
Commercial Aircraft-Cabin Egress: The Current State of Simulation Model Development and the Need for Future Research:

There has been increasing interest in developing simulation models capable of analyzing commer cial aircraft-cabin egress under both non-life- threatening and life-threatening scenarios. At issue is the ability to accurately simulate human behavior within non-toxic environments, as well as the debilitating effects that toxic environments (e.g., fire and smoke) have on human-decision making. A set of criteria has been identified by the Federal Aviation Administration for developing simulation models capable of analyzing commer cial aircraft-cabin egress. These criteria are used to (a) compare the capabilities and limitations of four aircraft-evacuation models in existence to day, (b) identify the issues that need to be ad dressed when developing these types of models, and (c) propose a new paradigm for developing aircraft-cabin egress models.
New constraints on carbonate diagenesis from integrated Sr and S isotopic and rare earth element data, Jurassic Smackover Formation, U.S. Gulf Coast: a reply

Isotopic (Sr, S, O, C) and trace element, including rare earth element (REE), compositions of calcite cements, metal sulfides and sulfate minerals from oolitic carbonate grainstones of the Smackover Formation (Jurassic, southwest Arkansas shelf) constrain the mechanism of sulfate reduction and establish temporal relations between sulfur and carbonate diagenesis. Strontium isotopic values of calcite cements range from near Jurassic-age sea water values (0.7068) up to values of 0.7096. This evidence, coupled with variation in O and C isotopic compositions and in cement zoning under cathodoluminescence, suggests that calcite cement precipitated over the course of burial diagenesis. Strontium isotopic compositions of pyrite, marcasite and native S range up to maximum values observed for calcite cements, but galena and sphalerite are less radiogenic. The Sr contents of sulfides and native S are <30ppm, but the Rb content is sufficiently low that in-situ growth of87Sr would not dramatically alter the initial Sr isotope ratio. Diagenetic sulfate minerals also exhibit a range of Sr isotopic compositions: anhydrites range from 0.7071 to 0.7081, while celestites are more radiogenic (0.7096). The REE patterns of early and late calcite cements and framework grains differ. Using Sm/Yb ratios as an indicator of heavy vs light REE enrichment, early calcites have Sm/Yb ratios <1 whereas late calcite cements have ratios of 1.8–3.2. Importantly, both cement signatures differ from framework grain ratios (1.3–1.7) indicating lack of rock-buffering in fluids from which the cements precipitated. Furthermore, the sympathetic increase in Sm/Yb and Sr isotopic ratios from early to late calcites is consistent with input of light REE from siliciclastic sources. Sulfur isotopic compositions of metal sulfide minerals range from −32 to +8% CDT. Native S and anhydrite values (+18%) are near Jurassic-age sulfate values while celestites are heavier (+28%). Although thermochemical sulfate reduction has been proposed to explain H2S in deeply buried carbonate units associated with evaporite S, lack of S isotopic homogenization between sulfate and sulfide minerals, lack of S isotopic equilibration of oil with reservoir SO4, and the limited distribution of H2S-rich brines in southwest Arkansas demand a more complex origin.
High-throughput cell and particle characterization using isodielectric separation.

We present a new method for characterizing the electrical properties of cells and particles across a range of both frequency and medium conductivity. Using a recently developed separation method - iso-dielectric separation (IDS) - we characterize cells and particles spanning three orders of magnitude in volume and conductivity and explore the influence of medium conductivity on interfacial electrical properties.
Reframing organizational misconduct: A study of deceptive sales practices at a major life insurance company

This research examines organizational misconduct from a symbolic interactionist perspective, providing theoretical and empirical insights into the mechanisms underlying the cause-and-effect relationships posited by the dominant, pressure/ opportunity model of organizational misconduct. Findings from this research both support and extend the pressure/opportunity model of organizational misconduct. In support of the dominant model, it confirms that environmental and organizational factors do create pressures and opportunities that drive organizational misconduct. However, these findings suggest that pressure and opportunity are mediated by embedded organizational frames that have the potential to normalize (or potentially demonize) organizational misconduct.
The association between higher social support and lower depressive symptoms among aging services clients is attenuated at higher levels of functional impairment.

Objective Adults seeking services from the Aging Services Provider Network (ASPN) are at risk for depression. ASPN clients also have high prevalence of both functional impairments and social morbidities. Study of the relationships between these factors may inform the development of interventions for depression in this service setting. Methods We interviewed 373 older adults accessing ASPN services and assessed depression symptom severity, functional impairment (instrumental activities of daily living and activities of daily living), and social support. Results Lower social support and greater functional impairment were associated with greater depressive symptoms. At a high level of functional impairment, the inverse associations between indices of social support and depressive symptoms were attenuated. Conclusions Results suggest that older adults with more severe functional impairment may benefit somewhat less from increased social support with respect to depression symptom severity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extreme-value analysis for ML-PMHT, Part 1: threshold determination

The Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracker (ML-PMHT) can be used as a powerful multisensor, low-observable, multitarget active sonar tracker. It is a non-Bayesian algorithm that uses a generalized likelihood ratio test to differentiate between clutter and targets. Prior to this paper, the detection threshold used for target discrimination was determined either through trial and error or with lengthy Monte Carlo simulations.We present a new method for determining this threshold by assuming that clutter is uniformly distributed in the search space (which is one of the basic assumptions of the ML-PMHT algorithm) and then treating the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) as a random variable transformation. In this manner we can obtain an expression for the value of any random point on the likelihood surface caused by clutter. We then use extreme value theory to obtain an expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the peak point of the LLR surface due to clutter. From this peak PDF, we can then calculate a threshold based on some desired (small) false track acceptance probability.
The Thrust of the Problem: Bodily Inhibitions and Guilt as a Function of Mortality Salience and Neuroticism

We argue that existential concerns underlie discomfort with the physicality of the body and that activities likely to make individuals aware of their physical body (e.g., sex, dancing) may be inhibited and cause guilt. Further, individuals high in neuroticism may be especially vulnerable to such difficulties. To test this, individuals high and low in neuroticism were primed with thoughts about their mortality or a control topic and then engaged in an exercise designed to promote body awareness before self-reporting guilt. A comparison group engaged in non-body-oriented behavior. The results revealed that high neuroticism participants inhibited their body-oriented behavior when mortality was salient and that they experienced a marginal increase in guilt after performing the behavior in conjunction with mortality salience. Discussion focuses on the relationship between neuroticism, mortality salience, inhibition surrounding the body, and guilt.
Attitudes and opinions of residency directors and residents about the importance of research in oral and maxillofacial surgery residencies.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of research done by residents in oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs and the attitudes and opinions of the program directors and residents regarding the need and benefits of such activity. Materials and Methods Separate questionnaires were developed for program directors and residents. These were sent through the Inquisite System to the 101 program directors in the United States and they were requested to fill them out and to ask their residents to do the same. Forty-four of the program directors (43%) and 277 of the 951 residents responded (29%). Results Only 75% of the program directors indicated that their residents participated in research. The projects generally could be selected by the program director or the resident. Only 36% of the programs provided scheduled research time, and in these programs it was usually 3 months or less. Residents generally believed the scheduled research time was inadequate. Most program directors and residents believed that research experience was important for those considering an academic career but that it was not important for those entering private practice. Conclusions The failure of all residency programs to provide actual research experience for their trainees has resulted in a decrease in the contributions that such programs have traditionally made to the literature and the advancement of the speciality. It is important that steps be taken to reverse this trend.
Tensile tests of ceramic-matrix composites. Theory and experiment

A model describing the salient features of tensile stress-strain curves of ceramic–fiber composites has been developed. The model incorporates statistics of fiber failure. Furthermore, the compliance of the testing machine is included so that the onset of instability can be predicted. An experiment conducted on a composite consisting of a glass-ceramic matrix reinforced with SiC fibers exhibits excellent agreement with the predicted behavior.
Neuro-fuzzy classification of the Rhagoletis pomonella species group using digitized wing structures

In this paper, we applied a neuro-fuzzy system to classify the morphologically indistinguishable Rhagoletis pomonella sibling species group. A carefully selected set of wing structure and shape variables were fuzzified using triangular membership functions. The neuro-fuzzy system NEFCLASS was applied to train the fly morphological datasets and a set of fuzzy rules were constructed. A fuzzy inference engine was constructed using the fuzzy rule bases. Furthermore, manually pruned fuzzy rules were employed to make a fuzzy key to classify this sibling species group.
The Autokinetic Projective Test: A Cautionary Note

Textbook discussions of the autokinetic effect often mention that this illusory movement is susceptible to suggestion. Several recently published perception texts have presented the autokinetic effect as a potential projective technique, because it is claimed that the light will write out words if the observer expects it to. The accounts in these textbooks are misleading; in a study we conducted, as well as in the original study cited by the texts, the modal event across a series of trials was a failure to see the suggested “writing” movement.
Anaplastic PXA in adults: case series with clinicopathologic and molecular features

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas with anaplastic features (PXA-As) are rare tumors about which little is known regarding clinicopathologic and molecular features. Several studies have identified BRAF V600E mutations in PXA-As, but the percentage with mutation may differ between adult and pediatric examples, and limited information exists about immunohistochemistry for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). Ten cases of adult PXA-As seen at our institution since 2000 were assessed for BRAF V600E mutation by polymerase chain reaction testing (PCR) and IDH1 by immunohistochemistry. Patients ranged in age from 18–68 years; four PXA-As affected temporal lobe and two were cystic. Four patients underwent gross total resection and 9 of 10 patients received cranial irradiation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Five survived less than 5 years, although 2 of 5 patients died from non-tumor causes. Four long-term survivors are alive at 7.5, 9.8, 11.4, and 11.9 years post-diagnosis. Two of four long term survivors had BRAF V600E mutation: patients were ages 18 and 28 years. A 48-year-old male without BRAF mutation survives at 9.8 years, even with thalamic location; conversely a 68-year-old female with temporal lobe tumor and BRAF mutation survived 1.9 years after diagnosis. All tumors were IDH1 immunonegative. This case series details clinicopathologic features of a subset of rare PXA-As in adults. BRAF V600E mutation was identified in 50 % of these cases.
Alkali-metal complexes of a triazacyclononane-functionalized tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand

Reaction of (1,4-diisopropyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)Li with C5Me4HSiMe2Cl yields the new donor-functionalized ligand, [C5Me4SiMe2(tacn)]H; the alkali-metal salts [C5Me4SiMe2(tacn)]M (M = Li, Na, K) are obtained upon reaction with BuLi, NaN(SiMe3)2 or KN(SiMe3)2.
Use of genome-specific repetitive DNA sequences to monitor chromatin introgression from Festuca mairei into Lolium perenne

Repetitive DNA sequences contribute considerably to an understanding of the genomes of higher plants. Repetitive DNA sequences tend to be genome-specific due to the rate of amplification and extent of divergence. Two genome-specific probes from the genomic DNA library of Festuca arundinacea var. genuina Schreb.were selected and characterized. TF521 was found to be P genome-specific since it was able to hybridize with Festuca pratensis Huds. (PP) and Festuca arundinacea var. genuina (PPG1G1G2G2), but not, or only weakly, with tetraploid Festuca species. TF521 hybridized only with the diploid Festuca and not with the Lolium species (LL). TF436 was specific to tetraploid species of Festuca, such as F. arundinacea var. glauces-cens Boiss. (G1G1G2G2) and Festuca mairei St. Yves (M1M1M2M2). By means of Southern hybridization, TF436 was used to detect chromatin introgression of F. mairei in the progenies of the hybrid F. mairei×Lolium perenne L. Potential addition and translocation lines were identified in the BC1F1 derivatives of F. mairei×L. perenne. In situ hybridization was used to confirm the genetic identity of these lines. Sequence analyses indicated that TF436 and TF521 were two novel DNA sequences as no homologous sequences were found in Genebank.
The duality of memory and communication in the implementation of a multiprocessor operating system

Mach is a multiprocessor operating system being implemented at Carnegie-Mellon University. An important component of the Mach design is the use of memory objects which can be managed either by the kernel or by user programs through a message interface. This feature allows applications such as transaction management systems to participate in decisions regarding secondary storage management and page replacement.This paper explores the goals, design and implementation of Mach and its external memory management facility. The relationship between memory and communication in Mach is examined as it relates to overall performance, applicability of Mach to new multiprocessor architectures, and the structure of application programs.
Palatogobius grandoculus: A New Deep-Water Western Caribbean Goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

Abstract Palatogobius grandoculus is described based on two specimens taken from a depth of 256–276 m off Cozumel, Mexico, in the Western Caribbean. It differs from the only other described species in the genus, Palatogobius paradoxus, by having a much larger eye, shorter snout, and narrower interorbital width. Body scales extend forward on sides past the first dorsal fin origin, whereas in P. paradoxus they extend forward only to beneath the soft dorsal fin. Palatogobius grandoculus has 21 pectoral fin rays, whereas there are 18–20 (usually 19) in P. paradoxus. Vomerine teeth are absent in P. grandoculus.
The Comparative Advantages of Firms, Markets and Contracts: a Unified Theory

The most efficient labour market mechanism depends on the advantages of specialization, workers’ costs of switching between entrepreneurs, and the frequency with which needs change. Multilateral mechanisms are more efficient when specialization is more advantageous, when it is cheap for workers to switch between entrepreneurs, and when individual entrepreneurs cannot occupy a worker on a full-time basis. Given a bilateral mechanism, employment (a firm) is more efficient than contracts when in-process adjustments arise more frequently. There exist three regions in which firms, markets and sequences of bilateral contracts are weakly more efficient than all other mechanisms in a big class.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Animal Models, Therapies, and Perspectives

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Although great efforts have been made to uncover the mechanisms underlying the pathology of DR, the exact causes of DR remain largely unknown. Because of multifactor involvement in DR etiology, currently no effective therapeutic treatments for DR are available. In this paper, we review the pathology of DR, commonly used animal models, and novel therapeutic approaches. Perspectives and future directions for DR treatment are discussed.
Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis of Repeated Binary Data with Missing Covariates

Missing covariates are a common problem in many biomedical and environmental studies. In this chapter, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian method for analyzing data with repeated binary responses over time and time-dependent missing covariates. The fitted model consists of two parts: a generalized linear mixed probit regression model for the repeated binary responses and a joint model to incorporate information from different sources for time-dependent missing covariates. A Gibbs sampling algorithm is developed for carrying out posterior computation. The importance of the covariates is assessed via the deviance information criterion. We revisit the real plant dataset considered by Huang et al. (2008) and use it to illustrate the proposed methodology. The results from the proposed methods are compared with those in Huang et al. (2008). Similar top models and estimates of model parameters are obtained by both methods.
Oestrogenic activity of 16 epi-oestriol.

SummaryThe oestrogenic activity of 16 epi-oestriol was determined. Virgin, adult albino rats were ovariectomized, and 7 days later were put on experiments. A dose-response (0.01 to 100 μg) of this substance was determined utilizing the uterus and vagina as end points. The results from these experiments indicate that 1.0 μg of this oestrogen produces a slight effect on the vagina as well as on the uterus. Three daily doses of 40.0 μg of 16 epi-oestriol produced a maximal effect on the vagina (full cornincation) and the uterine weight. This substance seems to be the weakest of all the known naturally-occurring oestrogens described thus far.
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Work-Related Outcomes

The average retirement age is increasing, and the indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) are being broadened. The goal of the current study was to determine objective findings for rate of return to work and time to return to work after RTSA. The authors performed retrospective data collection for consecutive patients who underwent RTSA at their institution between 2007 and 2013. All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their work history and their ability to participate in work-related activities. A total of 40 patients reported working before surgery. Average patient age was 74.7 years (range, 56-82 years). Average follow-up was 2.6 years (range, 1-4.7 years). Average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 34.0 to 81.7 (P<.001). Average visual analog scale pain score decreased from 6.5 to 0.7 (P<.001). Most patients (65.4%) classified their job as sedentary, 34.6% classified their job as light work, and no patients classified their job as heavy work. Of patients who worked preoperatively, 65% (n=26) returned to work after RTSA. Only a previous diagnosis of heart disease affected return to work (P=.04). Overall, average time to return to work was 2.3 months (range, 0.5-11 months). Patients with sedentary jobs returned to work more quickly (1.4 months) than those with light work (4.0 months). A total of 96.2% of patients reported good to excellent surgical outcomes. Of patients who worked before RTSA, 65% were still working at final follow-up. Only 5% of patients retired for reasons attributed to the operated shoulder. On average, patients returned to work less than 3 months after surgery.
Nile Red and Nile Blue: Applications and Syntheses of Structural Analogues

Nile red and Nile blue are highly fluorescent and photostable organic dyes from the benzo[a]phenoxazine family. They have been used as histological stains for imaging lysosomes and lipids in vitro. The dyes’ high quantum yields and solvent-dependent optical properties make them ideal scaffolds for the development of pH probes and local polarity indicators. Reviews of the literature in this area are scarce with only one review ever published in 2006. It has been 10 years since and the field has evolved. This review aims to expand upon topics covered by the previous reviewers and to report on recent advances in the literature. As authors, we hope to convey a sense of scope and to spark renewed interest in this useful niche of dye chemistry.
Being in the Interrogative Mood

The different chapters of the fragmentary text of The Visible and the Invisible we have are structured into a polemic against empiricist operational thought, reflexive analysis, negativist, dialectical and intuitionist modes of thought; the work sets out to define an essentially, intrinsically, interrogative mode of cognition - a “question-knowing.”1 And throughout this work, Merleau-Ponty keeps up a polemic against every kind of positivism - the positivism of empiricism; but also that of reflective philosophy (with “all the positivist bric-a-brac of ‘concepts,’ ‘judgments,’ ‘relations’...”2), the positivism of being in itself which is, in Sartre, the counterpart of the negativist conception of mind proper to dialectical thought; the positive essences presupposed by phenomenological intuitionism; and the positive intuition of immediate existence in Bergsonism. The ontology it was preparing proposes that being itself is not to be positively conceived, that “the existing world exists in the interrogative mode,”3 “in a sort of gliding, beneath the yes and the no.”4 What could it mean to conceive being itself in the interrogative mode? What could be the purpose of such a project?
Development and Selection of Materials

“That student is taught the best who is told the least.” R. L. Moore This chapter addresses the generation of materials to be used to support Moore Method teaching. Development and usage of materials by the prospective user is treated from various perspectives, including guidelines for writing your own problem sequences, adapting textbook treatments, adapting pre-existing Moore Method course notes, modifying materials to fit the realities of a particular class, addressing learning-theory issues, and obtaining support when using another's notes. These perspectives illustrate principles that may guide the construction of problem sets, resolve the question of authoring notes or adapting pre-existing notes, and provide sources for course notes that have been written for use in Moore Method classes other than your own. The essays will likely offer the greatest benefit if read in the order presented, especially for the reader entertaining thoughts about using the Moore Method for the first time. May's essay is both highly practical and succinct in its outlook. Mahavier deals, in some detail, with making the decision whether to author notes or use a pre-existing problem sequence. He then segues into guidelines for penning materials. Coppin focuses exclusively on authoring one's own notes, addressing issues from learning theory and illustrating how course notes can address these theories directly. Parker writes from the viewpoint of generating course notes, then adapting them consequent to classroom dynamics.
Upgrading a high-throughput spectrometer for high-frequency (<400 kHz) measurements.

The upgraded spectrometer used for charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the Madison Symmetric Torus resolves emission fluctuations up to 400 kHz. The transimpedance amplifier’s cutoff frequency was increased based upon simulations comparing the change in the measured photon counts for time-dynamic signals. We modeled each signal-processing stage of the diagnostic and scanned the filtering frequency to quantify the uncertainty in the photon counting rate. This modeling showed that uncertainties can be calculated based on assuming each amplification stage is a Poisson process and by calibrating the photon counting rate with a DC light source to address additional variation.
A Post-Swirl Maneuvering Propulsor Application to Undersea Vehicles

A method to generate vehicle maneuvering forces from a propulsor alone has been applied to a generic undersea vehicle. Open and ducted post-swirl propulsors were configured with an upstream rotor and downstream stator row. During normal operation, the downstream stator blades are all situated at the same pitch angle and generate a roll moment to counter the torque produced by the rotor. By varying the pitch angles of the stator blade about the circumference, it is possible to generate a mean stator side force that can be used to maneuver the vehicle. In addition, the side force can be increased with increasing thrust producing side forces at very low vehicle velocities enabling low-speed maneuvering capability. The viscous, 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) commercial code Fluent was used to predict the vehicle and propulsor component forces as well as the velocity field. Open and ducted geometric configurations were studied and force coefficients computed and compared with currently used control surface forces. Computations predicted that the maneuvering propulsor generated side forces equivalent to those produced by conventional control surfaces with side force coefficients on the order of 0.25 for the open propulsor at the self-propulsion point. This translates to 50% larger forces than can be generated by conventional control surfaces on 21 $^{\prime \prime}$ unmanned undersea vehicles. The ducted configuration produces maximum side force coefficients on the order of 0.15, which is still sufficient for vehicle control. Both configurations produced side forces for the Bollard pull condition indicating low-speed maneuvering capability.
Entrepreneurial curriculum in an Engineering Technical Communication course: Looking for impact on creativity and mindset

This work in progress initiated an investigation into an intervention focused on entrepreneurial training that was implemented in the delivery of a “Technical Communication for Engineers” course at a western research university. The course was delivered through multiple separate sections and was taught by two instructors using the same curriculum. The control-group approach utilized an established method to help engineers and computer scientists learn technical communication by writing a technical proposal as a team. The treatment-group approach included providing entrepreneurial training and consulting through lectures and one-on-one consultations provided by student consultants from the university's Entrepreneurship Club. Student consultants were trained in Glauser's NERCM principles for business consulting. The impact measurement of the intervention focuses on the results of students taking the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA) creativity assessment and Dweck's growth-vs-fixed Mindset survey. Lagged regression in quasi-experimental statistics will be utilized to compare results from a pre- and post-delivery of the test instruments taken before the entrepreneurial lectures begin and then again at the end of the course. Random selection of students from a convenience sample with an opt-out enrollment process was utilized. Additionally, a task value survey and an entrepreneurial intent survey were given to the students to develop an understanding of their views of this teaching method based upon the perceived value of the course.
Emerging Patterns in 21st Century Leadership: An Exploration of Generational Normative Collisions

In the current work environment, younger workers in leadership positions are overseeing workers much older than themselves. Few empirical studies have focused on the emerging patterns of leadership...
Microaggressions and marijuana use among college students.

This study examines the association between exposure to microaggressions and marijuana use, using original survey data from a sample of racial/ethnic minority college students (n = 332) from a large Division I university in the United States. Nearly all of our sample (96%) reported at least one experience with microaggressions in the past 6 months, while 33% reported using marijuana regularly. We modeled regular use of marijuana using multiple logistic regression, with consideration of sex, age, race/ethnicity, and microaggression scale scores as covariates. Age, sex, the microinvalidations subscale score, and the full microaggression scale score were significantly associated with marijuana use in our full models (p < .01; p = .01; p = .02; p = .03, respectively). With each additional experience of microaggression, the odds of regular marijuana use increase. Academic communities may consider the primary prevention of discriminatory behavior when addressing student substance use.
Isochoric heating of solid gold targets with the PW-laser-driven ion beams (Conference Presentation)

We present first results on ion acceleration with the BELLA PW laser as well as end-to-end simulation for isochoric heating of solid gold targets using PW-laser generated ion beams: (i) 2D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations are applied to study the ion source characteristics of the PW laser-target interaction at the long focal length (f/65) beamline at laser intensities of ~〖5×10〗^19 Wcm-2 at spot size of 0=53 m on a CH target. (ii) In order to transport the ion beams to an EMP-free environment, an active plasma lens will be used. This was modeled [1] by calculating the Twiss parameters of the ion beam from the appropriate transport matrixes taking the source parameters obtained from the PIC simulation. (iii) Hydrodynamic simulations indicate that these ion beams can isochorically heat a 1 mm3 gold target to the Warm Dense Matter state. Reference: J. van Tilborg et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 184802 (2015). This work was supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Renal Vascular Kv and Ca 2+ Channel Alterations in the SHR are Dependent on Protein Kinase C Activity

60 It is well established that in renal vascular smooth muscle cells of the SHR there is membrane depolarization, a decrease in Kv current and an increase in Ca 2+ current when compared to control WKY cells. It is also well accepted that protein kinase C (PKC) activity in SHR vascular smooth muscle is increased when compared to the WKY vasculature. The objective of this study was to investigate if the increased vascular PKC activity of the SHR plays a role in the regulation of SHR renal smooth muscle cell Kv and Ca 2+ channels. Basal PKC activity was increased ∼3-fold in the SHR renal arterioles when compared to the WKY (2.2±0.4 vs 6.3±0.6 nmol[ 32 P]/min/mg protein, n=7, P≤0.01). Western blot analysis showed the presence of four different PKC isoforms, α, δ, e and ζ, in both WKY and SHR renal resistance arterioles. Of the four isoforms, only the levels of PKC-α and e were significantly increased in the SHR when compared to the WKY. To investigate the influence of PKC on vascular membrane potential, Kv and Ca 2+ current, renal resistance arteriolar cells were treated with PKC inhibitors (staurosporine or Calphostin C,1 μM) or activators (PMA or PDBu, 100 nM) for 1 hour and then subjected to whole cell patch clamp analysis. Interestingly, when SHR renal smooth muscle cells were treated with either PKC inhibitor, the membrane depolarization, decrease in Kv current and increase in Ca 2+ current usually observed were abolished , i.e. the SHR cells electrophysiologically resemble WKY cells. When WKY renal smooth muscle cells were treated with either phorbol ester, they caused membrane depolarization (22±3.5 mV, n=8), a decrease in Kv current (65±8.5%, n=10) and an increase in Ca 2+ current (125±11%, n=9), i.e. WKY cells electrophysiologically resemble SHR cells. These data suggest, that in renal arterioles of the SHR, increased PKC activity plays a role in the regulation of Kv and Ca 2+ channels, which in turn alters membrane potential, intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration and the resting tone of vascular smooth muscle in the kidney. This then would further decrease renal blood flow and exacerbate the hypertensive state.