cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The polarizability of the helium atom and the lithium ion

This investigation owes its origin to a remark by Professor Lennard-Jones that it should be possible to calculate the approximate force between two atomic systems at large distances apart by a fairly direct method. The inter-atomic force is known to be of the form kR−7 at a large distance R, and an attempt to obtain the value of the constant k for two hydrogen atoms was made by Wang. The method suggested to the writer of this paper by Lennard-Jones was used by London and Eisenschitz for this case, and they obtained a value ofk differing from that given by Wang. The value given by London and Eisenschitz has been confirmed by following the method given in this paper, but further applications to the calculation of the inter-atomic force at large distances were postponed as the problem of calculating the polarizability of helium provided, on Lennard-Jones' suggestion, a simpler case on which the method could be tested.
Proton exchange kinetics from the bound waters on the oxo-centered rhodium(III) trimer [Rh3(μ3-O)(μ-O2CCH3)6(OH2)3]+: a variable pH and temperature 1H NMR study

Proton exchange from the bound to the bulk waters on the oxo-centered rhodium(III) trimer, [Rh3(μ3-O)(μ-O2CCH3)6(OH2)3]+ (abbreviated as Rh3+), was investigated over the temperature range of 219.1–313.9 K using a 1H NMR line-broadening technique. By solving the modified Bloch equations for a two-site chemical exchange, lifetimes (τ) for proton transfer at pH = 2.7, 3.6, and 7.0 ([Rh3+] = 26 mM, T = 298 K) were determined to be 0.3 (±.08) ms, 2 (±0.3) ms, and 0.2 (±0.2) ms, respectively. From the temperature dependence of the rate, the activation parameters were determined to be ΔH‡ = 16.2 (±0.5) kJ mol−1 and ΔS‡ = − 123 (±2) J mol−1 K−1, ΔH‡ = 14.9 (±0.5) kJ mol−1 and ΔS‡ = − 141 (±2) J mol−1 K−1, and ΔH‡ = 45 (±2) kJ mol−1 and ΔS‡ = − 22 (±5) J mol−1 K−1 for pH = 2.7, 3.6 and 7.0, respectively. All results are reported for a mixed solvent system [acetone : 250 mM NaClO4(aq) (3 : 1)], which was necessary to depress the freezing point of the solution so that the 1H NMR signal due to bound water could be observed. The pKa of Rh3+ was measured to be 8.9 (±0.2) in the mixed solvent, which is near the pKa for an aqueous solution (8.3 (±0.2)). Surprisingly, the lifetimes for protons on Rh3+ are close to those observed for the Rh(OH2)63+ ion, in spite of the considerable difference in structure, Bronsted acidity of the bound waters and average charge on the metal ion.
Temperature dependence of static heavy quark potential

Abstract T-dependence of the static heavy quark potential has been studied by an extensive numerical simulation of lattice QCD. The potential is measured from the correlations of Wilson lines. The potential below T c fits the expectation of the string picture very well and it is of the form of a linear-type plus a Coulomb term ( N t ≥6). A Yukawa potential from a Debye screening picture replaces it above the phase transition, which seems to agree with the expectation based on perturbative results, especially when T is much larger than T c .
Characteristics of solid hold up and circulation rate in the CFB reactor with 3-loops

The effects of the Uo, PA/[PA+SA] ratio, total solid inventory and fluidizing velocity of loopseal on the axial solid holdup and the solid circulation rate have been determined with different particle sizes (174, 199, 281, 377 μm) and particle types (silica sand: narrow PSD, coal ash: wide PSD) in a CFB reactor with 3-loops. A simple model for solid hold-up based on the previous works was in agreement with the experimental data. With increasing Uo, Gs increased exponentially, and in the center-loop, Gs was 1.5 times larger than that found in the other side-loops. As the PA/[PA+SA] ratio increased, and as SA injection port was placed at a lower part in the riser, the axial solid holdup and Gs increased. With increasing fluidizing velocity of loopseal to about 1.5umf, Gs somewhat increased, but above the gas velocity of 1.5umf, the loopseal lost the ability of the control ofGs. The following correlation for the solid circulation rate in the CFB was developed with good accuracy; G, = ϕ,[PA/TA]2+[Hl/Hl]0.5[Ar]-188[Fr]2k+[KU1/Ul]3-45
Nitrogen Solubility of Extruded Cereal Grains

Abstract Six whole-grain cereals and quinoa were examined to determine extrusion processing effects on nitrogen solubility. Eight extrusion conditions were applied and effects of cereal variety, extrusion temperature, revolutions per minutes (rpm) and feed moisture on nitrogen solubility were observed. Nitrogen solubility was determined spectrophotometrically. Extrusion conditions resulting in least overall mean percent nitrogen solubility across all cereals studied were observed to be 15% feed moisture, 100°C/150°C product temperature and 100 rpm. A consistent pattern was observed across all cereals with regard to extrusion combination: 25% feed moisture, 100°/150°C product temperature and 150 rpm, resulting in the most favorable overall mean percent nitrogen solubility profile. Extruded rye and quinoa exhibited improved nitrogen solubility over unprocessed counterparts at extrusion conditions of 25% feed moisture, 100°C/150°C product temperature and 150 rpm. Unprocessed corn, millet and low tannin sorghum remained more highly soluble than extruded counterparts, indicating a loss in protein functionality after extrusion. Extrusion, in general, improved nitrogen solubility of wheat. High tannin sorghum was particularly insoluble in both the unprocessed and extruded states.
Prediction of 24-hour protein excretion in pregnancy with a single voided urine protein-to-creatinine ratio

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the prediction of 24- hour urine protein excretion by a single voided urine protein-to-creatinine (P:C) ratio in a hospitalized pregnant population at our institution. We sought to evaluate the ability of serial single voided P:C ratios to follow the course of proteinuria. Study Design: Pregnant patients who were admitted to the antepartum unit at Northwestern Memorial Hospital and who were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the quantitation of proteinuria were recruited. A single voided urine specimen was obtained after the completion of the 24-hour urine collection and analyzed for the P:C ratio. Results: Thirty patients completed the study. There was a significant correlation between the 24-hour urine protein and the P:C ratio ( r = 0.93, P Conclusion: Our data support the use of single voided P:C ratio in hospitalized pregnant patients to predict the 24-hour urine result. In addition, the P:C ratio appears to predict trends in protein excretion over time. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:883-6.)
Understanding the Limitations of the Virial in the Simulation of Nanosystems: A Puzzle That Stimulated the Search for Understanding†

This paper is yet another study dealing with subtle variations that may be necessary in both methods of simulation and analytical computation of statistical thermodynamic phenomena in nanosystems, especially fluid nanosystems. In the present paper, we deal with the use of the virial in the simulation of the pressure of a nanosystem. Not surprisingly, we find that the use of the virial in this endeavor requires a careful definition of the boundary of the system that includes the potential specifying the interaction of the molecules with that boundary. Without these precautions, when the system is small enough (nanovolumes and less than 100 molecules), the conventional means of using the virial in a Monte Carlo simulation does not yield the experimental thermodynamic pressure, i.e., the pressure measured on the outside of the boundary. The institution of these precautions is generally a nontrivial task. However, there is one case in which the difficulty is minimal. This is the theoretically important case i...
Analysis of adaptive sampling techniques for underwater vehicles

A critical problem in planning sampling paths for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is correctly balancing two issues. First, obtaining an accurate scalar field estimation and second, efficiently utilizing the stored energy capacity of the sampling vehicle. Adaptive sampling approaches can only provide solutions when real time and a priori environmental data is available. In this paper we present an analysis of adaptive sampling methodologies for AUVs. In particular, we analyze various sampling path strategies including systematic and stratified random patterns within a wide range of sampling densities and their impact in the energy consumption of the vehicle through a cost-evaluation function. Our study demonstrates that a systematic spiral sampling path strategy is optimal for high-variance scalar fields for all sampling densities and low-variance scalar fields when sampling is sparse. In addition, our results show that the random spiral sampling path strategy is found to be optimal for low-variance scalar fields when sampling is dense.
Compound strip method for the buckling analysis of continuous plates

Abstract A special finite strip method is developed for the analysis of linear buckling of flat plate systems that are continuous over non-rigid supports. This approach incorporates the effect of support elements in a direct stiffness methodology. The stiffness contribution of the support elements adds directly to the plate strip stiffness matrices at the element level prior to assembly. This summation of plate and support stiffness contributions forms a substructure, which is termed a compound strip. The compound strip methodology may be readily employed for the enhancement of computer programs based on traditional finite strip procedures. The validity of the compound strip method for elastic buckling analysis is demonstrated in two examples. The critical loads based on compound strip methodology compare favorably with those obtained with the finite element method.
Solute Retention in Column Liquid Chromatography. II. Optimization of Mobile-Phase Compositions

Abstract Retentions are reported for nine phenol solutes with a reverse-phase column packing and acidified aqueous mobile phases containing tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and methanol additives. Plots of log(k'(M)) against additive volume fraction φ exhibit both positive and negative deviations from linearity. In contrast, plots of inverse capacity factor against φ are in every instance convex to the abscissa. The latter, as well as several systems comprising ionic solutes and/or solvents, are fitted exactly by a semi-empirical relation; however, only one of the fitted parameters appears to exhibit identifiable trends and then only very approximately so. It is deduced by simple inspection of the plots and without resorting to higher-component carriers, then verified experimentally, that the test mixture is completely separable with 30% methanol. Window diagrams of a, Sf, and Rs ordinates are used to identify alternative mobile phases and compositions in the instance that one of the solutes is present in l...
Functions and effectiveness of silvicultural streamside management zones in loessial bluff forests

Abstract In the highly-erodible Deep Loess region of Mississippi, USA, we investigated functions and effectiveness of silvicultural Streamside Management Zones (SMZs) in protecting water quality from impacts of logging. Twelve first-order watersheds (3–13 ha) were treated in their entirety in one of the four ways: (1) Unrestricted harvest with no buffer, (2) Cable-only SMZ that allowed limited removal of logs from the buffer but no skidder traffic, (3) No-harvest SMZ that excluded all logging from the buffer, or (4) Reference that was unharvested. Logging removed 17% to 70% of hardwood sawtimber basal area in non-SMZ areas using group selection. For 15 months after logging, we monitored total suspended sediment (TSS), turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. The unrestricted harvest increased TSS and the unrestricted harvest and cable-only SMZ treatments increased the temporal variability of TSS. Other water quality metrics were either unaffected by logging or effects were minor. Skidder traffic in the unrestricted harvest increased exposure of mineral soil in the riparian area immediately after logging by 1.4 to 2.0 times that of other treatments. After one year, mineral soil exposure was similar among all treatments, and after three years, herbaceous growth reduced mineral soil exposure in the unrestricted harvest to below that of unlogged riparian zones. Three years after logging, transects of erosion stakes revealed more soil movement in riparian zones of unrestricted harvest watersheds than in riparian zones of reference watersheds, but natural processes of erosion and deposition apparently overwhelmed any effects of logging on patterns of deposition and erosion in riparian zones. We used permanent stream channel cross-sections to monitor changes in channel morphology for one year after logging, and found that channels in unrestricted harvest watersheds changed by up to twice as much as did channels in watersheds with undisturbed riparian zones. Streams in logged riparian zones showed net aggradation and streams in unlogged riparian zones showed net degradation. Results indicate that SMZs did not serve to filter sediment from overland flow, but their effectiveness in reducing TSS was probably due to exclusion of disturbance to the forest floor near the stream and to the stream itself.
Measurements of relative values of electron impact ionization cross sections of transition metals

Abstract Relative values of electron impact ionization cross sections for the transition metal elements, Ti, V, and Cr were measured at electron energies of 18 eV, using an ion current ratio. The ion current ratio data were treated using a modified form of the regular solution model for binary and ternary alloys. The method, while based on experimental ion current ratio data, makes use of absolute vapor pressure data from other sources and shows the dependency of calculated cross sections on these vapor pressure measurements. The values obtained using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer were found to be Q + v / Q + Ti = 1.0 and Q + Cr / Q + Ti = 0.96 and are in good agreement with calculated theoretical values in the literature.
A Wellness Program for Cancer Survivors and Caregivers: Developing an Integrative Pilot Program with Exercise, Nutrition, and Complementary Medicine.

The Integrative Wellness Program (IWP) at the University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (SCCC) sought to provide integrative wellness education to cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers by offering instruction in exercise, nutrition, and complementary and alternative medicine. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the IWP on the overall wellness of the individuals participating in the program. Three different 10-week versions of the IWP were conducted over a 1-year period. Each session focused on a different wellness topic presented through interactive lectures and applied activities. A series of self-report questionnaires were administered at baseline and again at the completion of the program to assess improvements in physical activity levels, dietary habits, sleep hygiene, and quality of life. Participants were generally older, Caucasian, female, had higher levels of education, and still currently receiving treatment. Significant changes were observed in two measures: Starting the Conversation (−2.0 ± 2.40, p = .037) and the Sticking To It subscale of the Self-Efficacy and Eating Habits Survey (1.7 ± 1.22, p = .0013). A trend for improvement in the Reducing Fat subscale of the Self-Efficacy Eating Habits (0.44 ± 0.60, p = .056) was also observed. Participant satisfaction surveys indicated high levels of satisfaction and applicability of the material presented. The significant improvements detected related to dietary habits, combined with the responses from the participant satisfaction surveys, suggest that the IWP was well received and can positively impact the overall wellness of cancer patients, survivors, and their caregivers.
TECHNICAL NOTE INCORPORATION OF INTERNAL SURFACE RADIANT EXCHANGE IN THE FINITE-VOLUME METHOD

(1993). TECHNICAL NOTE INCORPORATION OF INTERNAL SURFACE RADIANT EXCHANGE IN THE FINITE-VOLUME METHOD. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 127-133.
Vicinal tricarbonyls as redox-controlled molecular rotors ☆

Abstract Using electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and density functional computational methods, we have demonstrated that tricarbonyl amide 1 ox undergoes reversible conformational switching upon reduction to the corresponding radical anion 1 rad − .
Multichannel complex maximum entropy (autoregressive) spectral analysis

The Burg reflection-coefficient method for maximum entropy (antoregressive) spectral estimation is generalized to apply to multichannel complex signal. It is shown that all resulting power matrices are positive definite. Preliminary numerical results obtained for a monochromatic signal with noise indicate that the determinants of the power matrices are rapidly reduced as the number of filter coefficients is increased, and that superior spectral resolution can be expected.
Time sharing of heart power: Cardiovascular adaptations to food-arousal inAplysia

1. Food stimuli have been shown previously to elicit inAplysia an arousal state characterized by an increased tendency to bite and an increased strength of bitting. These overt behavioral changes have also been correlated with an increase in heart rate. 2. In the present study, we show that systemic blood pressure increases two-fold during food arousal. Blood flow through the artery that supplies the head is also increased about two-fold. Pressure and flow both increase within 1–2 min of food presentation, and both decay back to their baseline values within about five minutes after removal of the food stimulus. 3. Unlike the increase in heart rate during food arousal, the increases in blood pressure and blood flow are independent of the degree of satiation of the animal. 4. The increase in blood pressure during food arousal is neurally mediated. 5. During rhythmic biting, the vascular resistance of the abdominal and anterior aortae vary in an alternating pattern that is phase-locked to the biting cycle. This pattern of resistance changes is such that blood flow to digestive organs is maximal during the retraction phase of biting, whereas flow to the head is maximal during the protraction phase. 6. The increase in resistance of the abdominal aorta during protraction is mediated by neuronal input to vasoconstrictor muscle. 7. Strongly reducing blood flow to the head for even a few minutes significantly impairs the efficiency of biting movements.
Characterization of a Modified Polyvinylsilazane Preceramic Polymer

This investigation focused on the synthesis and characterization of a modified polyvinylsilazane (PVSZ) polymer. Previously, our group synthesized the PVSZ polymer through the ammonolysis of vinyltrichlorosilane (VTS) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). This material showed promise as a precursor for silicon nitride–silicon carbide-based ceramic materials. Due to the structure of the PVSZ polymer, the ability to stabilize (shelf-life) and dope with metals and metalloids has proven to be difficult. To overcome these problems, a second chlorosilane precursor, dichloromethylsilane, was introduced into the ammonolysis reaction. This polymer proved to be more stable (>3 months before cross-linking) and added a potential doping site on the backbone of the polymer while maintaining ceramic yields greater than 80%. The polymethylvinylsilazane (PMVSZ) polymer was characterized using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and elemental analysis. The results indicated that the ratio of chlorosilane precursors used plays an important role in the composition of crystallized ceramic material.
Disasters and depressive symptoms in children: a review

Background Disasters are destructive, potentially traumatic events that affect millions of youth each year.
Effect of periplasmic nitrate reductase on diauxic lag of Paracoccus pantotrophus

Paracoccus pantotrophus expresses two nitrate reductases—membrane bound nitrate reductase (Nar) and periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap). In growth experiments with two denitrifying species (Paracoccus pantotrophus and Alcaligenes eutrophus) that have both Nap and Nar and two species (Pseudomonas denitrificans and Pseudomonas fluorescens) with Nar only, it was found that diauxic lag is shorter for bacteria that express Nap. In P. pantotrophus, napEDABC encodes the periplasmic nitrate reductase. To analyze the effect of Nap on diauxic lag, the nap operon was deleted from P. pantotrophus. The growth experiments with nap− mutant resulted in increased diauxic lag when switched from aerobic to anoxic respiration, suggesting Nap is responsible for shorter lags and helps in adaptation to anoxic metabolism after transition from aerobic conditions. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Crew interface design for a flight deck electronic library system

The design and evaluation of a Honeywell Inc. stand-alone electronic library system (ELS) for flight operations applications are discussed. The major components of this ELS include an optical disk mass storage device, an active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) with touch-screen user interface, and an ARINC 744 printer. A workstation-based, rapid-prototyping environment, was developed to support iterative definition of ELS concepts, especially viable crew interface techniques and display screen formats. The results of Phase 1 evaluation are presented, to assess the effectiveness of the crew interface design. The only features of the user interface to receive marginal ratings were response times for printing, text pages and charts. All other features were deemed to be acceptable or excellent. >
The Drosophila GAGA Factor Is Required for Dosage Compensation in Males and for the Formation of the Male-Specific-Lethal Complex Chromatin Entry Site at 12DE

Drosophila melanogaster males have one X chromosome, while females have two. To compensate for the resulting disparity in X-linked gene expression between the two sexes, most genes from the male X chromosome are hyperactivated by a special dosage compensation system. Dosage compensation is achieved by a complex of at least six proteins and two noncoding RNAs that specifically associate with the male X. A central question is how the X chromosome is recognized. According to a current model, complexes initially assemble at ∼35 chromatin entry sites on the X and then spread bidirectionally along the chromosome where they occupy hundreds of sites. Here, we report that mutations in Trithorax-like ( Trl ) lead to the loss of a single chromatin entry site on the X, male lethality, and mislocalization of dosage compensation complexes.
Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma

Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Circe Sturm. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xi. 249 pp., photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Project manager personality as a factor for success

Much has been written regarding project success, and one of the factors contributing to project success is the role of the project manager. Since project success can be enhanced by selecting the most appropriate project manager, we investigated the role of the ldquoBig Fiverdquo personality traits on project success by surveying United States Department of Defense project managers. The findings indicate that Conscientiousness and Openness were both good predictors of successful project managers. The results may be useful as one consideration when hiring and selecting project managers.
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia: a central sensory disturbance.

Schizophrenia is a syndrome that is believed to have its onset during very early corticogenesis of the affected patient. The subsequent structural and functional cerebral variations observed in people with schizophrenia suggest an altered overall pattern of brain morphology. The alterations in cerebral structure and function in schizophrenia suggest that an early disturbance of the central nervous sensory modality may be occurring in the patient. Placing the structural and functional cerebral deficits reported in schizophrenia within the context of normal brain structure and function provides a neurological basis to identify early pathological molecular mechanisms and programs that may be resulting in schizophrenia.
Multiple descriptions and path diversity using the AMR-WB speech codec for voice communication over MANETs

We compare different source diversity methods for converstional voice communication over multiple routes in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). A new multiple description (MD) codec based on the AMR-WB codec, with two balanced side descriptions (6.9 kbps each) is presented. We compare the performance of the MD codec against two other diversity methods, 1) duplicating speech encoded with AMR-WB at 6.6 kbps and 2) duplicating speech encoded with AMR-WB at 12.65 kbps. We show that because of the large packet headers added to each packet by typical MANET protocols, the overhead of sending the simple path diversity methods is not much larger than the overhead for sending MD streams over different paths, and the gain in speech quality we get from duplicating AMR-WB at 12.65 kbps over sending MD codec streams is significant. We compare the speech quality delivered by each of the methods under random and bursty packet loss conditions. The quality of decoded speech is evaluated using WPESQ, a wideband extension to the PESQ algorithm.
2.45 GHz end-loaded dipole backed by a high impedance surface

An end loaded planar open sleeve dipole (ELPOSD) antenna over an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) high impedance surface is presented. An ELPOSD consists of a printed dipole with two parasitic elements (sleeves) along its sides and capacitive loading at the end. This antenna is fed from beneath the ground plane by live vias connected to a microstrip to coplanar strip balun. The EBG structure is based on the Jerusalem Cross geometry and is sandwiched between two 1.27 mm-thick substrate layers, resulting in a total antenna thickness (excluding the feed layer) of ∼λ/50. Measured performance of the antenna demonstrates a bandwidth of 30 MHz at 2.45 GHz, with a gain of ∼3.5 dB.
Stable neurological function in subjects treated with 2'3'-dideoxyinosine

AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) is a frequent and devastating complication of HIV infection. There is evidence that zidovudine (ZDV) has an effect in alleviating the symptoms of ADC, and may have a role in its prevention. It is therefore important that new antiretroviral therapies he evaluated not only for the risk of neurologic side effects, but also for their relative efficacy to ZDV in the prevention of ADC. The present study reports the effects of 2′3-dideoxyinosine (DDI, didanosine, Videx) therapy on neuropsychological performance in the context of several large clinical trials targeting advanced systemic HIV-1 infection. Subjects treated with DDI had stable neurologic performance in quantitative tests over a 1 year period and were similar to zidovudine treated subjects.
Colors of dynamically associated asteroid pairs

Recent dynamical studies have identified pairs of asteroids that reside in nearly identical heliocentric orbits. Possible formation scenarios for these systems include dissociation of binary asteroids, collisional disruption of a single parent body, or spin-up and rotational fission of a rubble-pile. Aside from detailed dynamical analyses and measurement of rotational light curves, little work has been done to investigate the colors or spectra of these unusual objects. A photometric and spectroscopic survey was conducted to determine the reflectance properties of asteroid pairs. New observations were obtained for a total of 34 individual asteroids. Additional photometric measurements were retrieved from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Moving Object Catalog. Colors or spectra for a total of 42 pair components are presented here. The main findings of this work are: (1) the components in the observed pair systems have the same colors within the uncertainties of this survey, and (2) the color distribution of asteroid pairs appears indistinguishable from that of all Main Belt asteroids. These findings support a scenario of pair formation from a common progenitor and suggest that pair formation is likely a compositionally independent process. In agreement with previous studies, this is most consistent with an origin via binary disruption and/or rotational fission.
Phosphorus NMR of Cells, Tissues, and Organelles

The work of the Oxford group (Hoult et al., 1974) on the phosphorus NMR of living frog skeletal muscle and the demonstration by Moon and Richards (1973) that the intracellular pH could be measured by this method opened a new area of biomedical NMR research. Much earlier work by Cohn and Hughes (1960, 1962) had already demonstrated the pH and metal ion dependence of the well-resolved 31P NMR spectra of ATP and ADP, and modern high-field, pulsed Fourier transform NMR techniques developed over the past ten years made such observations applicable to living systems. The analysis of living systems by 31P NMR has, in fact, become a burgeoning area of research, and a recent review (Burt et al., 1977) listed more than forty literature references to this subject.
Flexible Electronics: What can it do? What should it do?

The development of low temperature, thin film transistor processes that has enabled flexible displays also presents opportunities for flexible electronics. A variety of flexible digital and analog electronics have been demonstrated, although typically of modest performance. We review the state-of-the-art in flexible electronics followed by a discussion of the constraints, remaining challenges and realistic potential applications of thin film transistors and flexible integrated systems.
Stabilization of uncertain systems subject to hard bounds on control with application to a robot manipulator

The problem of estimating the region of stability for uncertain systems with bounded controllers and the sliding mode requirement is examined. A novel type of controller for a class of linear time-invariant systems subject to uncertainties is proposed. A transformation for decoupling the fast and slow states is utilized to investigate the stability-domain estimates of the system. The results are then applied to a two-joint planar manipulator and illustrated by computer simulation. >
A PKC-SHP1 signaling axis desensitizes Fcγ receptor signaling by reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and regulates FcγR mediated phagocytosis

Fcγ receptors mediate important biological signals in myeloid cells including the ingestion of microorganisms through a process of phagocytosis. It is well-known that Fcγ receptor (FcγR) crosslinking induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL which is associated with FcγR mediated phagocytosis, however how signaling molecules coordinate to desensitize these receptors is unclear. An investigation of the mechanisms involved in receptor desensitization will provide new insight into potential mechanisms by which signaling molecules may downregulate tyrosine phosphorylation dependent signaling events to terminate important signaling processes. Using the U937IF cell line, we observed that FcγR1 crosslinking induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, which is maximal at 5 min. followed by a kinetic pattern of dephosphorylation. An investigation of the mechanisms involved in receptor desensitization revealed that pretreatment of U937IF or J774 cells with PMA followed by Fcγ receptor crosslinking results in the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL and the abrogation of downstream signals, such as CBL-CRKL binding, Rac-GTP activation and the phagocytic response. Pretreatment of J774 cells with GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor was observed to block dephosphorylation of CBL and rescued the phagocytic response. We demonstrate that the PKC induced desensitization of FcγR/ phagocytosis is associated with the inactivation of Rac-GTP, which is deactivated in a hematopoietic specific phosphatase SHP1 dependent manner following ITAM stimulation. The effect of PKC on FcγR signaling is augmented by the transfection of catalytically active SHP1 and not by the transfection of catalytic dead SHP1 (C124S). Our results suggest a functional model by which PKC interacts with SHP1 to affect the phosphorylation state of CBL, the activation state of Rac and the negative regulation of ITAM signaling i.e. Fcγ receptor mediated phagocytosis. These findings suggest a mechanism for Fcγ receptor desensitization by which a serine-threonine kinase e.g. PKC downregulates tyrosine phosphorylation dependent signaling events via the reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of the complex adapter protein, CBL.
Titania nanotubes prepared by anodization in fluorine-free acids

Recently, we reported the discovery of new high-aspect ratio titania nanotubes. These nanotubes were synthesized by means of anodization in an oxalic acid electrolyte containing chlorine ions and were found to have significant carbon content. In this article, the synthesis of similar titania nanotubes in oxalic, formic, trichloroacetic, gluconic, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acid is reported. Differences in carbon content and morphology are analyzed, which in turn provides information on the chemistry of the formation of these nanotubes. Our results suggest that the carbon content in the nanotubes can be controlled by the use of an appropriate organic acid.
Biochemical sensing using time-wavelength spectroscopy

A sensing technique, based on time-wavelength spectroscopy and digital signal processing, is demonstrated through the detection of carbon monoxide. The system utilizes a linearly chirped broadband pulse to identify chemical and biochemical spectra. The main advantages of this method are the absence of an optical spectrometer and the possibility of real-time spectral analysis.
Psychosocial factors and central sensitivity syndromes

Central sensitivity syndromes (CSSs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders (e.g., fibromyalgia [FM], irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], chronic headache, temporomandibular disorders [TMDs], pelvic pain syndromes) that share many common symptoms, with persistent pain being the most prominent feature. Although the etiology and pathophysiology of CSSs are currently incompletely understood, central sensitization has emerged as one of the significant mechanisms. Given that there are currently no known cures for CSSs, people living with these disorders must learn to cope with and manage their symptoms throughout their lives. Medical interventions alone have not proven to be sufficient for helping people with CSSs manage their symptoms. A biopsychosocial perspective that considers the ways that biological, psychological, and social factors work independently and jointly to affect a person's experience is the most effective conceptualization and guide for effective treatment. In this article, we discuss several psychological and social features that may influence the experience of a person with CSS and their symptom management, regardless of their specific diagnosis. We highlight the longitudinal aspect of adjustment to illness, the distinction between psychosocial factors as causes of symptoms versus modifiers and perpetuators of symptoms, dispel the notion that all patients with the same diagnosis are a homogeneous group (the "patient-uniformity myth"), and acknowledge the importance of environmental and situational context on symptom management for individuals with any CSS.
Striving for Equality, But Settling for the Status Quo: Is Title Vi More Illusory than Real?

A plethora of empirical studies, such as the Institute of Medicine’s Unequal Treatment report, have shown that racial inequities in health care continue at the same level as in the Jim Crow Era. Innumerable reasons have been offered to explain the continuation of these health inequities, including racial discrimination. Congress enacted Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to put an end to racial discrimination in health care, but it still persists. Given the regulation and enforcement mechanisms established under Title VI explicitly aimed at remedying racial discrimination such as that directed at elderly African-Americans it is unbelievable that these practices continue. Thus, one must ask whether the protections offered by Title VI are more illusory than real in the health care industry? Based on a review of the empirical data and governmental action in this area the answer seems to be that Title VI offers little more protection against racial discrimination than a broken umbrella during a hurricane. In this article, I use empirical data to examine the United States’ failure to provide African-Americans with equal access to quality health care by using the problems with the long-term care system as a case study. Section II reviews the history of de jure discrimination in health care institutions. The government’s solution to eradicate racial discrimination in health care is examined in Section III. The continuation of de facto racial discrimination in health care is examined in Section IV, and the failure of the government to eradicate this discrimination is discussed in Section V. Finally, Section VI suggests solutions to induce the government and the health care industry to diligently enforce Title VI. In the past, health scholars have written articles concerning racial inequities in health care based on data analysis, while legal scholars have written articles regarding the inadequacies of government enforcement and private rights of actions under Title VI. However before this article, no one has combined data analysis with case law to show that government enforcement of Title VI is not effective in preventing racial discrimination in health care, particularly in the long-term care system.
Semiclassical-wave-function perspective on high-harmonic generation

We introduce a semiclassical-wave-function (SCWF) model for strong-field physics and attosecond science. When applied to high-harmonic generation (HHG), this formalism allows one to show that the natural time-domain separation of the contribution of ionization, propagation, and recollisions to the HHG process leads to a frequency-domain factorization of the harmonic yield into these same contributions, for any choice of atomic or molecular potential. We first derive the factorization from the natural expression of the dipole signal in the temporal domain by using a reference system, as in the quantitative rescattering (QRS) formalism [J. Phys. B 43, 122001 (2010)]. Alternatively, we show how the trajectory component of the SCWF can be used to express the factorization, which also allows one to attribute individual contributions to the spectrum to the underlying trajectories.
Collaboration between primitive cell membranes and soluble catalysts

One widely held model of early life suggests primitive cells consisted of simple RNA-based catalysts within lipid compartments. One possible selective advantage conferred by an encapsulated catalyst is stabilization of the compartment, resulting from catalyst-promoted synthesis of key membrane components. Here we show model protocell vesicles containing an encapsulated enzyme that promotes the synthesis of simple fatty acid derivatives become stabilized to Mg(2+), which is required for ribozyme activity and RNA synthesis. Thus, protocells capable of such catalytic transformations would have enjoyed a selective advantage over other protocells in high Mg(2+) environments. The synthetic transformation requires both the catalyst and vesicles that solubilize the water-insoluble precursor lipid. We suggest that similar modified lipids could have played a key role in early life, and that primitive lipid membranes and encapsulated catalysts, such as ribozymes, may have acted in conjunction with each other, enabling otherwise-impossible chemical transformations within primordial cells.
A miniature anaerobic jar for tissue transport or for cultivation of anaerobes.

Miniature jars (35-mm. film containers), with acidified copper sulfate and steel wool for obtaining anaerobiosis, were found to be economical and convenient to use for the transport of tissue for anaerobic examination. These jars were compared with Brewer jars and gassed roll tubes. All were equally effective in keeping Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium fusiforme viable for six hours in inoculated tissue. The miniature-jar system can also be used for the cultivation of obligate anaerobes on agar slants or in roll-vials. Alka-Seltzer is an effective source of carbon dioxide
Colloidal Quantum Dot-Based Light Emitting Diodes With Solution Processed Electron Transporting Layer for Cellular Imaging

We report a quantum dot (QD)-based light emitting diode (LED) structure with a solution processed zinc oxide electron transporting layer, with patterning of anode and cathode on the substrate toward cellular imaging applications. Compared with the use of sputtered thin films, solution processed electron transporting layer improves robustness of the device, as crystalline ZnO shows low CB and VB edge energy levels, efficiently suppressing hole leakage current resulting in LEDs with longer lifetimes. We demonstrate a working lifetime of more than 12 h and a shelf-life of more than 180 days for the devices. Our solution-based process is applicable to microcontact printed and also spin-coated QD films. Further, we demonstrate electroluminescence of QD LEDs at 580and 600-nm emission wavelengths, with typical turn-ON voltage of 12 V. We compare operating characteristics of an array of individually addressable LEDs fabricated on a single substrate, with average size of each element being 800 μm × 200 μm. The LEDs with spin-coated ETL show a lifetime increase of more than three orders of magnitude compared with devices made using sputtered ETL layer. We find marginal increases in the intensity and uniformity of devices fabricated using a spin-coated ZnO layer. Finally, we demonstrate a compact multicolor light source for cell characterizations by imaging HEMA 3 stained MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells on-chip. We demonstrate the capability of the devices as a light source by measuring intensity across stained cells with QDLEDs of two different wavelengths and show the correlation as expected with the absorption profile of the fluorescent dye.
Determination of HCH,DDT residues in medicinal plant by solid-phase extraction and capillary gas chromatography

Objective:To establish solid-phase extraction and capillary gas chromatography for the determination of HCH,DDT in medicinal plant.Methods:The HCH,DDT pesticide residues were extracted from samples with solvents by ultrasonic and cleaned up by Florisil solidphase extraction column.Then,the extract was separated by capillary column and detected by electron capture detector.Results:There was good 1iner relationover the range of 0.005～0.100 μg/ml.The average recoveries and RSD were in the range of 87.5%～99.0% and 1.13%～2.67% at three spiked mixed organOch1orine pesticides levels,respectively.The limits of detection were 0.001～0.008 mg/kg.Conclusion:This method is effective,fast,accurate,repeatable and suitable for analysis of HCH and DDT residues in traditional medicines materials.
Longitudinal effects of developmental bisphenol A and variable diet exposures on epigenetic drift in mice.

Abstract Environmental factors, including exogenous exposures and nutritional status, can affect DNA methylation across the epigenome, but effects of exposures on age-dependent epigenetic drift remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early-life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and/or variable diet results in altered epigenetic drift, as measured longitudinally via target loci methylation in paired mouse tail tissue (3 wks/10 mos old). Methylation was quantified at two repetitive elements (LINE-1, IAP), two imprinted genes ( Igf2, H19 ), and one non-imprinted gene ( Esr1 ) in isogenic mice developmentally exposed to Control, Control + BPA (50 μg/kg diet), Mediterranean, Western, Mediterranean + BPA, or Western + BPA diets. Across age, methylation levels significantly (p H19 , and increased at Esr1 . Igf2 demonstrated Western-specific changes in early-life methylation (p = 0.027), and IAP showed marginal negative modification of drift in Western (p = 0.058) and Western + BPA (p = 0.051). Thus, DNA methylation drifts across age, and developmental nutritional exposures can alter age-related methylation patterns.
Issues in student valuing of software engineering best practices

This paper outlines the need for valuing of software engineering skills as a means to improve software engineering education. It presents a brief introduction to affective domain learning, and a survey of the education literature on software engineering skills related to software testing and quality assurance, which suggests that the competencies and skills needed extend beyond cognitive-domain learning. It then proposes a means for studying student valuing of these ‘best practice’ skill areas.
Effect of normal sperm morphology rate (NSMR) on clinical outcomes for rescue-ICSI(R-ICSI) patients.

AbstractPurpose: To investigate whether the normal sperm morphology rate (NSMR) can affect the clinical outcomes of rescue-ICSI(R-ICSI) patients.Methods: Based on different NSMR, the patients were divided into two groups as follows: NSMR 0.05). There was no significant difference in aspects of the number of retrieved oocytes, the number of transferred embryos, fertilization, cleavage, normal fertilization, high-quality embryo, transferrable embryo, no transfer...
Autoimmune potential of perchloroethylene: role of lipid-derived aldehydes

Tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene, PCE), an ubiquitous environmental contaminant, has been implicated in inducing autoimmunity/autoimmune diseases (ADs), including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and scleroderma in humans. However, experimental evidence suggesting the potential of PCE in mediating autoimmunity is lacking. This study was, therefore, undertaken to explore PCE's potential in inducing/exacerbating an autoimmune response. Six-week old female MRL+/+ mice, in groups of 6 each, were treated with PCE (0.5mg/ml) via drinking water for 12, 18 and 24weeks and markers of autoimmunity and oxidative stress were evaluated. PCE exposure led to significant increases in serum anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-dsDNA and anti-scleroderma-70 (anti-Scl-70) antibodies at 18weeks and, to a greater extent at 24weeks, suggesting that PCE exposure exacerbated autoimmunity in our animal model. The increases in autoantibodies were associated with time-dependent increases in malondialdehyde (MDA)-protein adducts and their antibodies, as well as significantly decreased levels of antioxidants GSH and SOD. The splenocytes isolated from mice treated with PCE for 18 and 24weeks showed greater Th17 cell proliferation and increased release of IL-17 in culture supernatants following stimulation with MDA-mouse serum albumin adducts, suggesting that MDA-modified proteins may act as an immunologic trigger by activating Th17 cells and contribute to PCE-mediated autoimmunity. Our studies thus provide an experimental evidence that PCE induces/exacerbates an autoimmune response and lipid-derived aldehydes (such as MDA) contribute to this response.
Progress in the Victim Reform Movement: No Longer the "Forgotten Victim"

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