cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic overlap of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder in a primary care sample.

Background—Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly comorbid. A possible explanation is that they share four symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition – Text Revision (DSMIV-TR). The present study addressed the symptom overlap of people meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for GAD, MDD, or both to investigate whether comorbidity might be explained by overlapping diagnostic criteria. Methods—Participants (N = 1,218) were enrolled in the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) study (a randomized effectiveness clinical trial in primary care). Hypotheses were: 1) the comorbid GAD/MDD group would endorse the overlapping symptoms more than the non-overlapping symptoms, and 2) the comorbid GAD/MDD group would endorse the overlapping symptoms more than GAD only or MDD only groups, whereas differences would not occur for non-overlapping symptoms. Results—The overlapping GAD/MDD symptoms were endorsed more by the comorbid group than the MDD group but not the GAD group when covarying for total symptom endorsement. Similarly, the comorbid group endorsed the overlapping symptoms more than the non-overlapping symptoms and did not endorse the non-overlapping symptoms more than the GAD or MDD groups when covarying for total symptom endorsement. Conclusions—The results suggest that comorbidity of GAD and MDD is strongly influenced by diagnostic overlap. Results are discussed in terms of errors of diagnostic criteria, as well as models of shared psychopathology that account for diagnostic criteria overlap.
Iceberg calving during transition from grounded to floating ice: Columbia Glacier, Alaska

[1] The terminus of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, unexpectedly became ungrounded in 2007 during its prolonged retreat. Visual observations showed that calving changed from a steady release of low-volume bergs, to episodic flow-perpendicular rifting, propagation, and release of very large icebergs - a style reminiscent of calving from ice shelves. Here, we compare passive seismic and photographic observations through this transition to examine changes in calving. Mechanical changes accompany the visible changes in calving style post flotation: generation of seismic energy during calving is substantially reduced. We propose this is partly due to changes in source processes.
FIR/IIR exact reconstruction filter banks with applications to subband coding of images

A class of two-channel analysis/synthesis filter banks which are useful in subband coding is described. The procedure is particularly useful in hierarchical coding where a low-resolution embedded signal is obtained by using separable halfband filters. The filter bank can be composed of finite-duration impulse response or infinite-duration impulse response filters. The basic structure is simple and one can use well-known classes of filters as prototypes in a flexible manner to obtain the exact reconstruction solutions. Even if the filter coefficients are quantized for a low-bit representation, the exact reconstruction property is preserved. Some examples of exact reconstruction solutions are presented. >
Predictors of Group Treatment Outcomes for Child Sexual Abuse: An Investigation of the Role of Demographic and Abuse Characteristics

Research has begun to identify factors that may moderate the effects of interventions for symptomatology associated with child sexual abuse (CSA). However, there is disagreement about which factors may be important for different populations. The present investigation examined predictors of treatment outcomes among 166 predominantly economically disadvantaged and culturally diverse CSA survivors between the ages of six and ten, who were treated using game-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (GB-CBT). Predictor variables included demographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, household income) and abuse-related risk factors (i.e. degree of invasiveness of abuse, frequency of instances of CSA and type of relationship to the perpetrator). Treatment outcomes included internalising and externalising symptoms, sexually inappropriate behaviours, knowledge of abuse and personal safety skills. Results indicate that participants' responsiveness to treatment was not impacted by demographic or abuse-related risk factors. Thus, group treatment appears to be effective for treating a wide range of problems following CSA, irrespective of clients' varied demographic background and abuse characteristics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘166 predominantly economically disadvantaged and culturally diverse CSA survivors between the ages of six and ten’ Key Practitioner Messages: GB-CBT is an integrative treatment approach for survivors of CSA, combining features of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TF-CBT), play therapy and group therapy. It is important to investigate whether demographic and abuse characteristics impact treatment outcomes for CSA to determine whether children respond differently to treatment based on pre-existing characteristics. GB-CBT participants experienced improvements in internalising and externalising symptoms, sexually inappropriate behaviours and personal safety skills, irrespective of their demographic backgrounds and varied abuse histories. ‘GB-CBT is an integrative treatment approach for survivors of CSA’
Correction of developmental defects in adrenal steroid metabolizing enzymes of the genetically male rat pseudohermaphrodite by prolactin.

Abstract The effects of exogenous prolactin alone and with testosterone propionate on the activity of adrenal enzymes metabolizing androstenedione and testosterone were determined in genetically androgen-insensitive pseudohermaphrodites and their littermate males and females at 60 days of age and in adult pseudohermaphrodites. A significant correction of the elevation of both steroid 5α-reductase and 3β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase was produced in rat pseudohermaphrodites by prolactin at all ages. This correction was enhanced by the addition of testosterone propionate only in the pubertal pseudohermaphrodites. These treatments also lowered both enzymatic activities in males and females at 60 days of age. The results indicate that the adrenal enzyme defects occurring in this genetic model of prepubertal castration, the pseudohermaphrodite, is corrected by prolactin. Moreover, it appears that prolactin may be involved in the pubertal differentiation of the normal adrenal.
Understanding Query Formation in the Use of Internet Search Engines

Internet search engine use is notoriously challenging and frustrating to typical users. Most users are inefficient at finding what they are looking for and often give up before achieving their goals. Most commercial search engines have advanced search interfaces that are designed to facilitate increased precision and recall, but users generally avoid these due to poor usability and high perceived difficulty of use. This paper outlines three studies that investigated the strategies and effectiveness of user-generated search queries. Scenarios were formulated to encourage users to construct the single best query for each task. In general, users were unable to construct accurate queries for tasks that required compound logic. Study 1 verified the reluctance of users to use advanced search features. Study 2 investigated the use of Boolean and proximity search commands and capitalization strategies. Participants generally did not use them properly. Study 3 compared the use of basic search with advanced search ...
Finite Element Simulation of Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Tube Columns Subjected to Postearthquake Fires

AbstractDetailed finite-element (FE) analyses were conducted using commercial software to simulate the behavior of concrete-filled double-skin tube (CFDST) columns subjected to postearthquake fires. The main goal of these simulations was to replicate results from a series of experiments that first subjected CFDST columns to different levels of seismic damage by applying cyclic lateral loading, and then fire testing of the same specimens in a furnace. The numerical simulations paralleled the experiments in the loading sequence. Different material models and modeling techniques were assessed in terms of reproducing experimental observations including local failure modes such as steel tube buckling. Results from the cyclic loading simulations including residual deformations were maintained as initial conditions for the subsequent thermal-stress analysis to simulate the fire testing phase of the experiments. A sequentially coupled nonlinear thermal-stress analysis was conducted on the models of CFDST columns ...
Cardiac Transplantation for Pediatric Giant Cell Myocarditis

Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is an organ-specific, autoimmune disease that infrequently affects children and generally has a more aggressive (often fatal) course than other forms of myocarditis. No data are available about the epidemiology of GCM in children. We describe a 13-year-old girl who presented with ventricular tachycardia and rapid hemodynamic deterioration that required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to heart transplantation. Histopathologic examination of the explanted heart revealed GCM. We review the demographic features, clinical course and post-transplant immunosuppressive therapy of all patients aged 19 years and younger reported to have had GCM.
On the relativistic ejection of a particle by radiation pressure

The Poynting-Robertson formulae are used to evaluate the motion and terminal velocity of a particle ejected from rest in a powerful radiation field due to a point source, generalizing the results of Chandrasekhar (1934) to the relativistic case.
Combining weak lensing tomography with halo clustering to probe dark energy

Two methods of constraining the properties of dark energy are weak lensing tomography and cluster counting. Uncertainties in mass calibration of clusters can be reduced by using the properties of halo clustering (the clustering of clusters). However, within a single survey, weak lensing and halo clustering probe the same density fluctuations. We explore the question of whether this information can be used twice\char22{}once in weak lensing and then again in halo clustering to calibrate cluster masses\char22{}or whether the combined dark energy constraints are weaker than the sum of the individual constraints. For a survey like the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we find that the cosmic shearing of source galaxies at high redshifts is indeed highly correlated with halo clustering at lower redshifts. Surprisingly, this correlation does not degrade cosmological constraints for a DES-like survey, and in fact, constraints are marginally improved since the correlations themselves act as additional observables. This considerably simplifies the analysis for a DES-like survey: when weak lensing and halo clustering are treated as independent experiments, the combined dark energy constraints (cluster counts included) are accurate if not slightly conservative. Our findings mirror those of Takada and Bridle, who investigated correlations between the cosmic shear and cluster counts.
Theory and phenomenology of heavy flavor at the RHIC

We review the problem of heavy-quark diffusion in the quark–gluon plasma and its ramifications for heavy-quark spectra in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC. In particular, we attempt to reconcile underlying mechanisms of several seemingly different approaches that have been put forward to explain the large suppression and elliptic flow of non-photonic electron spectra. We also emphasize the importance of a quantitative description of the bulk medium evolution to extract reliable values for the heavy-quark diffusion coefficient.
Adsorption and Reaction of Methanol over CeOX(100) Thin Films

Methanol was adsorbed on oxidized and reduced CeOX(100) thin films to probe the active sites and reaction selectivity of these surfaces compared to those of CeOX(111). Roughly twice as much methoxy was formed on oxidized CeO2(100) compared to that formed on CeO2(111). In addition to more methoxy, hydroxyl is also more stable on CeO2(100). Unlike on CeO2(111), however, methanol on CeO2(100) produced CO, CO2, and H2 in addition to water and formaldehyde. The behavior of CeO2(100) is related to its surface structure, which provides greater access to Ce cations and therefore more active adsorption sites and more highly undercoordinated Ce and O. The undercoordinated O may explain the enhanced dehydrogenation activity leading to CO and H2 formation. The reduction of ceria leads to increased methanol uptake on both CeO2 – X(100) and CeO2 – X(111). However, although the uptake doubled on reduced CeO2 – X(111) compared to the oxidized surface, it increased by only 10% on reduced CeO2 – X(100) compared to that on ...
Optical spectrum of the unusual supernova remnant G109.1–1.0

The new supernova remnant G109.1–1.0 has important X-ray and radio parallels to the SS433–W50 pair. We have obtained a spectrum of the faint optical filaments associated with the large shell-like radio source. The spectrum shows strong [S II] λλ 6,717,6,731 emission relative to Hα, which is characteristic of shock-heated gas and which confirms that the filaments are part of the supernova remnant, and is generally similar to spectra of the Cygnus Loop. By assuming pressure equilibrium between the optical filaments and the interior of the remnant, we find an initial energy of 3 × 1051 erg, which is higher than that found from X-ray measurements. When compared with W50, the G109.1–1.0 remnant has filaments of higher density, and weaker [N II] emission.
Does Evidence-Based Practice Influence State Legislators' Decision-Making Process? An Exploratory Study

The influence of evidence-based practices on public policy has been deemed essential in scholarly literature and governmental human services. However, the impact of research on legislative decision making for state human service policy remains unknown. This article reports interview results with Texas state legislators and provides educators and practitioners with recommendations for impacting state policy.
In Darkness and Secrecy: The Anthropology of Assault Sorcery and Witchcraft in Amazonia

Introduction: Dark Shamanism / Neil L. Whitehead and Robin Wright 1 The Order of Dark Shamans among the Warao / Johannes Wilbert 21 Dark Shamans and the Shamanic State: Sorcery and Witchcraft as Political Process in Guyana and the Venezuelan Amazon / Silvia Vidal and Neil L. Whitehead 51 The Wicked and the Wise Men: Witches and Prophets in the History of the Northwest Amazon / Robin Wright 82 Sorcery Beliefs, Transmissions of Shamanic Knowledge, and Therapeutic Practice among the Desana of the Upper Rio Negro Region, Brazil / Dominique Buchillet 109 The Glorious Tyranny of Silence and the Resonance of Shamanic Breath / George Mentore 132 A Blend of Blood and Tobacco: Shamans and Jaguars among the Parakana of Eastern Amazonia / Carlos Fausto 157 The Wars Within: Xinguano Witchcraft and Balance of Power / Michael Heckenberger 179 Siblings and Sorcerers: The Paradox of Kinship among the Kulina / Donald Pollock 202 Being Alone amid Others: Sorcery and Morality among the Arara, Carib, Brazil / Marnio Teixeira-Pinto 215 Sorcery and Shamanism in Cashinahua Discourse and Praxis, Purus River, Brazil / Elsje Lagrou 244 The Enemy Within: Child Sorcery, Revolution, and the Evils of Modernization in Eastern Peru / Fernando Santos-Granero 272 Commentary / E. Jean Langdon 306 Afterword: Substances, Powers, Cosmos, and History / Andrew Strathern and Pamela J. Stewart 314 Contributors 321 Index 324
Aspects of the psychopathology and pathophysiology of addiction

Abstract It is proposed that one of the important dimensions of drug addiction is the presence of increased need states which give rise to impulsivity, egocentricity and feelings of hypophoria. To attempt to obtain additional information bearing on this hypothesis, a Maturation Scale was designed which has items related to feelings of impulsivity, egocentricity, needs, hypophoria and sociopathy. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Maturation Scale were administered to 54 control subjects who were students or faculty members at a religious college and seminary, 53 alcoholics, and 24 prisoner drug abusers. In addition, blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were determined. It was found that scores on the Maturation Scale and the Impulsivity, Egocentricity, Need and Sociopathy Subscales of the Maturation Scale were significantly elevated in alcoholic and prisoner subjects. Alcoholics and prisoners also had significantly elevated Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Hypomania (Ma) and Depression (D) Scale scores and plasma levels of LH and testosterone but not FSH. The fact that the Maturation Scale and its sub-scales and other psychologic measures related to the antisocial personality tended to covary for alcoholics and prisoners, and that these two criterion groups had elevated LH and testosterone levels, supports the need concept of drug addiction. The Maturation Scale, which measures immaturity and tests existing feeling states, appears to be a discriminative and useful tool for assessing the status of the psychopathology of drug abusers.
In vitro flooding in the treatment of a 6-yr-old boy's posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract In vitro flooding was used to treat a 6-yr-old boy's war-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Traumatic scenes were identified and stimulus response imagery cues were presented according to a multiple-baseline regimen. The results revealed that the boy's affective, behavioral and cognitive parameters were positively influenced by the treatment.
Non-IgE Medicated Food Allergy: Eosinophilic Esophagitis Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disorder of increasing worldwide prevalence. Diagnosis and management require upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy. Therapeutic strategies in children and adults include empiric and testing-based elimination diets as well as topical esophageal corticosteroids. The last 12 months have provided a number of insights including updated diagnostic/management guidelines, the role of PPI therapy, and an understanding that EoE disease mechanisms rely on basophils and mast cells in addition to eosinophils. Novel diagnostic techniques have been described and include the esophageal string test and a molecular gene array panel. In addition, new techniques for assessing esophageal rigidity have been reported. In this review, we summarize the most impactful findings in EoE over the last 12–15 months.
A Study of “Flaky” Milk

Summary A condition characterized by the irregular appearance of tiny, elongated, tenacious floccules in the milk of certain cows is described. In the majority of instances the involved quarter presents little that is abnormal; in certain cases firm areas about the cistern and milk ducts were noted. The floccules characteristic of the condition are composed of masses of leucocytes and mucus. Organisms of the same types (non-hemolytic and hemolytic streptococci and hemolytic staphylococci) as those found in mastitis are present in the “flaky” milk. An increased number of leucocytes and a relatively high blood protein elimination are characteristic. The findings suggest a mild but prolonged mastitis.
Perfusion-based event-related functional MRI

Perfusion-based event-related functional MRI was performed by measuring flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) signal changes during repeated single-trial, short visual stimulation (250 msec). In the visual cortex activation area, the blood flow increases immediately after the stimulus, reaches the maximum 4 sec later with a perfusion-sensitized signal change of 16. 1 +/- 2.6 %, and then decreases to baseline approximately 11 sec after the stimuli. As it is a more direct reflection of the hemodynamic response, perfusion-based event-related functional MRI techniques may be more useful for human cognitive function studies, compared with blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)-based event-related functional MRI techniques. Magn Reson Med 42:1011-1013, 1999.
Understanding the structure and performance of self-assembled triblock terpolymer membranes

Abstract Nanoporous membranes represent a possible route towards more precise particle and macromolecular separations, which are of interest across many industries. Here, we explored membranes with vertically-aligned nanopores formed from a poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-4 vinyl pyridine) (ISV) triblock terpolymer via a hybrid self-assembly/nonsolvent induced phase separation process (S-NIPS). ISV concentration, solvent composition, and evaporation time in the S-NIPS process were varied to tailor ordering of the selective layer and produce enhanced water permeability. Here, water permeability was doubled over previous versions of ISV membranes. This was achieved by increasing volatile solvent concentration, thereby decreasing the evaporation period required for self-assembly. Fine-tuning was required, however, since overly-rapid evaporation did not yield the desired pore structure. Transport models, used to relate the in-situ structure to the performance of these materials, revealed narrowing of pores and blocking by the dense region below. It was shown that these vertically aligned nanoporous membranes compare favorably with commercial ultrafiltration membranes formed by NIPS and track-etching processes, which suggests that there is practical value in further developing and optimizing these materials for specific industrial separations.
A study of the onset of melt over the Arctic Ocean in RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar data

[1] The regional melt onset signal of Lagrangian elements of Arctic sea ice in RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data during the spring of 1998 is examined. The melt signal is clearly detectable not only in backscatter changes over multiyear ice but also first-year ice and mixtures of these ice types. This allows a more complete mapping of the progression of melt over the sea ice cover. For the spring of 1998 the onset dates range between 10 May and 29 June. The spatial pattern of melt onset is characterized by sharp boundaries delineating distinct regions with relatively uniform onset dates. This pattern appears to be associated with moisture and warm air brought in by a lowpressure trough and the timing of a rain event reported at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) camp. Measurements from the SHEBA camp show good correspondence between the timing of melt in SAR imagery and the onset of albedo drop off associated with the beginning of summer. Onset dates are compared with the timing of the zero crossing of the temperature records from drifting buoys and the onset dates derived from satellite passive microwave brightness temperature fields. The timing of our estimates is within 1–2 days of the zero crossing of the buoy temperature records. Onset dates derived from passive microwave observations appear to be biased toward a later stage of melt. Comparison with results derived from a SAR data set from the spring of 1992 show that the onset of melt in 1998, derived from RADARSAT, in the Beaufort Sea occurred 2 weeks earlier. INDEX TERMS: 4540 Oceanography: Physical: Ice mechanics and air/sea/ ice exchange processes; 4207 Oceanography: General: Arctic and Antarctic oceanography; 4227 Oceanography: General: Diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles; 4275 Oceanography: General: Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes (0689); KEYWORDS: melt onset, Arctic ice cover, radar remote sensing, Lagrangian ice motion
Improved polyurethane dispersion stability via continuous process

This paper presents a continuous process for producing waterborne polyurethane dispersion (PUD) with improved shelf life stability. The work also demonstrates that when a typical batch operation fails to produce stable PUD products because of low emulsifier content and/or absence of solvent, the continuous process offers reasonable colloidal stability performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 22: 218–224, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10050
Surgeons can favorably influence career choices and goals for students interested in careers in medicine.

Background This study was undertaken to determine the impact of an academic summer research, shadowing, and mentorship program on students interested in medicine and surgery. Study Design Forty-four (92%) of 48 participants of a summer research, shadowing, and mentorship program returned blinded questionnaires that focused on the program's impact on their scholarly skills, career choices, and goals. The program interfaced academic surgeons with students interested in careers in medicine and enabled students to participate in research projects, attend daily lectures, and shadow physicians in the operating room, clinic, and hospital. Proficiency in scholarly skills, before and after the program, was scored by the participants using a Likert scale (0 = none to 10=proficient). Results Ninety-three percent of participants were in or had completed college; only 7% had advanced degrees. With the program, proficiency in all categories assessed improved considerably, including medical terminology, abstract writing, statistical analysis, graph and table construction, article writing, and video production. During the last 5 years, participants coauthored 112 national presentations (29 video presentations), 46 published abstracts, and 57 peer-reviewed published articles. Ninety-two percent developed more favorable opinions of a career in medicine; 8% believed the experience deterred them from a career in medicine because of lifestyle and studious demands. Seventy-seven percent believed the program promoted a career in surgery; 82% believed it elevated their goals to become leaders in American medicine. Conclusions Shadowing opportunities, mentoring, and didactic teaching of scholarly skills for college and graduate students foster academic productivity and elevation of career goals. Academic surgeons can favorably influence career choices and goals for students interested in careers in medicine and surgery.
Decay estimates for oscillatory integrals with polynomial phase

We obtain estimates for certain oscillatory integrals with polynomial phase. These estimates are stated in terms of roots of various derivatives of the phase polynomial.
Oxidation‐Reduction and the Major Type of Ionic Disorder in α=AI2O3

The oxidation-reduction constants of AI2O3:Ti and AI2O3 are derived from experimental data on the basis of models with aluminum vacancies or oxygen interstitials as dominant species. Reasonable agreement between the experimental values of the enthalpies involved and published theoretical values are found in both cases. Combination with the enthalpies of oxidation determined from acceptor-doped AI2O3 leads to values of the enthalpy of disorder for the four possible mechanisms. All agree equally well with computed values. Published microstructure studies point to Frenkel disorder of oxygen as the dominant ionic disorder mechanism. Empirical potentials used in theoretical computations appear to be preferable to nonempirical ones, at least for computations related to oxygen defects.
26-Month Oscillation in Atmospheric Properties and the Apparent Solar Diameter

A BIENNIAL oscillation in tropical stratospheric winds1–3 and total amounts of ozone4–6 has been well documented during the past few years and its discovery has led to a re-examination of much of the earlier work on biennial oscillations in surface temperature, rainfall, tree rings, lake levels and other parameters which depend on conditions in the troposphere7. I have argued elsewhere8 that the oscillation in the stratosphere is caused by changes in the troposphere, and this argument is in line with much of the present thinking about tropospheric–stratospheric interactions, which holds that the lower stratosphere receives its driving energy from below9–11. If this reasoning is correct then there must be sought a source for the 26-month oscillation in the tropospheric heat engine. One possibility is some type of internal oscillation; another is that the incoming radiation which drives the tropospheric heat engine (approximately 3000 A to 2µ is modulated with a 26-month oscillation.
Forage frost protection potential of conifer silvopastures

In temperate climates, forages are frequently held in a near dormant state at both ends of the growing season due to episodic radiation frost. During these periods, air temperature is frequently adequate for forage growth to supply feed for grazing animals. The effect of thermal radiation from conifer tree canopies on forage canopy temperature was evaluated for a silvopasture with variable tree density. A long-wave radiation-sensitive sensor for measuring temperature at the forage canopy level was designed, tested, and used to approximate night time forage canopy temperature during the autumn of 1999 and 2000 and spring of 2000. Temperature from the designed sensor correlated linearly with forage canopy temperature measured with an infrared thermometer with a slope of 1.0, a 0.9 °C offset, and an r2 of 0.999. The response of sensor temperature to night sky shading by trees was also linear. Under 77% tree cover sensor temperature remained within half a degree of air temperature, however, under 7% cover averaged 10.4 °C below air temperature during radiation frost events. The results of this study indicate that a well designed silvopasture can potentially extend the grazing season period on both ends in regions were radiation frosts are prevalent.
A pictoral guide to pediatric epilepsy surgery

This article contains a discussion and detailed pictorial account of diagnostic and neurosurgical therapeutic procedures used to help pediatric patients who have medically intractable epilepsy. The operations discussed are placement of sphenoidal electrodes, strips and grids, temporal and extratemporal resections, corpus callosotomy, and hemispherectomy.
Inhibition of barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) cyprid settlement by means of localized, pulsed electric fields

The increasing needs for environmental friendly antifouling coatings have led to investigation of new alternatives for replacing copper and TBT-based paints. In this study, results are presented from larval settlement assays of the barnacle Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite on planar, interdigitated electrodes (IDE), having 8 or 25 μm of inter-electrode spacing, upon the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF). Using pulses of 100 ms in duration, 200 Hz in frequency and 10 V in pulse amplitude, barnacle settlement below 5% was observed, while similar IDE surfaces without pulse application had an average of 40% settlement. The spacing between the electrodes did not affect cyprid settlement. Assays with lower PEF amplitudes did not show significant settlement inhibition. On the basis of the settlement assays, the calculated minimum energy requirement to inhibit barnacle settlement is 2.8 W h m−2.
English, the Internet and computer terminology in Macedonia

: This research report focuses on the use of English loanwords related to the Internet and computer technology. A corpus-based approach was used to analyze a total of 33,193 words including 11,063 tokens found on 10 Macedonian business websites. Type/token ratios were obtained for 4 different types of lexical item found in the data: Macedonian items, English loanwords, English semantic loans and English items. Borrowed lexeme structures by word class were also described. Results suggested that several types of English loan existed in the Macedonian language: loanwords, semantic loans and English words (non-nativized forms of loanwords). Other types of loan, such as loan translations and hybrids, and grammatical influences from English were also present.
Conformal Wideband Optically Addressed Transmitting Phased Array With Photonic Receiver

In this paper we present a wideband optically addressed transmitting phased array antenna, consisting of an ultra-wideband tunable RF synthesizer, an optical phase-feed network, and a high-speed photodetector-integrated conformal array antenna. RF source generation and the optical feed network are capable of covering a frequency range of up to 50 GHz. A conformal 4 × 4 Ka-band patch array antenna is designed, fabricated and characterized. The array is designed to sweep over ±40 $^{o}$ from the broadside. An optically based detector is implemented to measure the far-field of the transmitting phased array. Embedded electronic control is developed for the RF synthesizer, optical feed network control, and photonic receiver. This system is consolidated into a portable cart for field testing. Extensive studies of the subsystems have been performed. Electrically controlled optical beam steering is demonstrated and characterized, and far-fields are measured, and compared with simulation results, showing excellent agreement.
University of California San Francisco automated radiology department system-without picture archival and communication system (PACS)

A fully automated and comprehensive Radiology Department system was implemented in the Fall of 1980, which highly integrates the multiple functions of a large Radiology Department in a major medical center. The major components include patient registration, film tracking, management statistics, patient flow control, radiologist reporting, pathology coding and billing. The highly integrated design allows sharing of critical files to reduce redundancy and errors in communication and allows rapid dissemination of information throughout the department. As one node of an integrated distributed hospital system, information from central hospital functions such as patient identification are incorporated into the system and reports and other information are available to other hospital systems. The system is implemented on a Data General Eclipse S/250 using the MIIS operating system. The management of a radiology department has become sufficiently complex that the application of computer techniques to the smooth operation of the department has become almost a necessity. This system provides statistics on room utilization, technologist productivity, and radiologist activity. Room utilization graphs are a valuable aid for staffing and scheduling of technologists, as well as analyzing appropriateness of radiologic equipment in a department. Daily reports summarize by radiology section exams not dictated. File room reports indicate which film borrowers are delinquent in returning films for 24 hours, 48 hours and one week. Letters to the offenders are automatically generated on the high speed line printer. Although all radiology departments have similar needs, customization is likely to be required to meet specific priorities and needs at any individual department. It is important in choosing a system vendor that such flexibility be available. If appropriately designed, a system will provide considerable improvements in efficiency and effectiveness.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Simulating a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer: A LabView Exercise

An in-depth understanding of all parameters that affect an instrumental analysis method, allowing students to explore how these instruments work so that they are not just a “black box”, is key to being able to optimize the technique and obtain the best possible results. It is, however, impractical to provide such in depth coverage of every technique and instrument in the classroom, and even more so in the laboratory. Exploring various instrumental parameters can be time consuming in the lab assuming that hands-on access is even available. One alternative to exploring different instrumental situations in the lab is to use computer simulations to model instrument performance under different conditions. Here, we present a simulation of a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer using the LabVIEW software platform. LabVIEW is routinely used for instrument interfacing and control and can be used to create simulations of a wide variety of chemical instruments. Because of their relatively high cost, mass spectrome...
The effect of sequential dual-gas testing on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-based discrimination: Application to brass samples and bacterial strains☆

Abstract Four Cu–Zn brass alloys with different stoichiometries and compositions have been analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using nanosecond laser pulses. The intensities of 15 emission lines of copper, zinc, lead, carbon, and aluminum (as well as the environmental contaminants sodium and calcium) were normalized and analyzed with a discriminant function analysis (DFA) to rapidly categorize the samples by alloy. The alloys were tested sequentially in two different noble gases (argon and helium) to enhance discrimination between them. When emission intensities from samples tested sequentially in both gases were combined to form a single 30-spectral line “fingerprint” of the alloy, an overall 100% correct identification was achieved. This was a modest improvement over using emission intensities acquired in argon gas alone. A similar study was performed to demonstrate an enhanced discrimination between two strains of Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium) and a Gram-positive bacterium. When emission intensities from bacteria sequentially ablated in two different gas environments were combined, the DFA achieved a 100% categorization accuracy. This result showed the benefit of sequentially testing highly similar samples in two different ambient gases to enhance discrimination between the samples.
The effect of the estrous cycle and estrogen on the release of immunoreactive α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Circulating levels and tissue content of alpha-MSH were measured on the morning of various days of the estrous cycle, and on the afternoon of proestrus in freely moving conscious rats. No surges of alpha-MSH were detected by RIA in the morning of various days of the cycle. The neurointermediate lobe content of alpha-MSH was slightly elevated on diestrus 1 as compared to the levels on diestrus 11 and proestrus but not to estrous levels. No changes in alpha-MSH content were detected in the anterior pituitary, the median eminence, mediobasal hypothalamus and the preoptic area at various stages of the estrous cycle. Plasma alpha-MSH levels were slightly elevated at 1500 hr of proestrus which was followed three hours later by a decline. This profile of plasma alpha-MSH on the afternoon of proestrus was reproduced by the SC administration of estradiol benzoate to long-term ovariectomized rats. These data suggest that, contrary to the results obtained by bioassay of alpha-MSH no surges of alpha-MSH occur on any day of the cycle, although a slight elevation on the afternoon of proestrus was detected. The altered pattern of release of this peptide on the afternoon of proestrus may be induced by estrogen.
An analysis of the administrative profiles of the first two mass production systems in America

In 1790, Samuel Slater began operating America's first factory using a business format that became known as the Rhode Island system. Twenty-four years later, Francis Cabot Lowell created a new breed of integrated factory, the Waltham system. This paper examines how these systems developed distinctly different strategic profiles. Findings suggest that leader background, backdrop of founding, organizational inertia, and market strategy led most significantly to their differences.
Midbrain projections to the trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal nuclei in the opossum. A study using axonal transport techniques.

Summary It has been proposed (see Berntson and Micco 6 for review) that circuits intrinsic to the midbrain play an important role in the elaboration and control of behaviors involving the motor nuclei of the trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal nerves (e.g. defense, threat, attack); but because of technical problems, it has been difficult to analyze their organization. Using the horseradish peroxidase technique we have localized those midbrain neurons which project to each of the above nuclei and by using the autoradiographic method we have plotted the intranuclear distribution of their axons. Using both techniques, we have seen that mesencephalic projections to oral-facial motor nuclei strongly favor the nucleus of the facial nerve. Cells ventral to the cerebral aqueduct, including the ventral periaqueductal gray, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch and the rostral oculomotor nucleus provide major midbrain-facial projections in the opossum. Their axons terminate densely and bilaterally within areas innervating auricular muscles and to a lesser extent, the platysma sheet 17 . The projection to the caudal auricular area of the facial complex is particularly dense. Neurons within and dorsal to the red nucleus project to regions of the contralateral facial nucleus reported to supply buccolabial, zygomatic and cervical musculature 17 . There is also a minor tectal projection to the facial nucleus. Direct projections to the hypoglossal nuclei also arise within the periaqueductal gray and interstitial nucleus, but if such regions influence the motor trigeminal nucleus, it is mainly by way of dendrites that extend outside the nucleus or by at least one synaptic delay. The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, however, projects strongly to the motor trigeminal nucleus. These data are discussed in light of their possible functional significance.
Multistep tandem mass spectrometry for Sequencing Cyclic Peptides in an Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer

Collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) of a protonated cyclic peptide produces a superposition spectrum consisting of fragments produced following random ring opening of the cyclic peptide to give a set of acylium ions (or isomeric equivalents) of the same m/z. Assignment of the correct sequence is often difficult owing to lack of selectivity in the ring opening. A method is presented that utilizes multiple stages of CAD experiments in an electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometer to sequence cyclic peptides. A primary acylium ion is selected from the primary product-ion spectrum and subjected to several stages of CAD. Amino-acid residues are sequentially removed, one at each stage of the CAD, from the C-terminus, until a b2 ion is reached. Results are presented for seven cyclic peptides, ranging in sizes from four to eight amino-acid residues. This method of sequencing cyclic peptides eliminates ambiguities encountered with other MS/MS approaches. The power of the strategy lies in the capability to execute several stages of CAD upon a precursor ion and its decomposition products, allowing the cyclic peptide to be sequenced in an unambiguous, stepwise manner.
The plant cell death suppressor Adi3 interacts with the autophagic protein Atg8h

The tomato AGC protein kinase Adi3 is known to function as a suppressor of PCD and silencing of Adi3 leads to spontaneous cell death on leaves and stems. In an effort to isolate Adi3 interacting proteins, a yeast two-hybrid screen was carried out and identified the autophagy protein Atg8h as an Adi3 interactor. This interaction occurred independent of the kinase activity status of Adi3. Silencing of genes involved in autophagy is known to eliminate the restriction of pathogen-induced PCD to a few cells and leads to run away PCD. Cosilencing Adi3 with several autophagy genes lead to the same run away cell death suggesting Adi3 may be involved in autophagic regulation of PCD.
Nd 3+ -doped graded index single-mode polymer waveguide amplifier working at 1.06 and 1.32 μm

In this paper, we report a graded index (GRIN) polymer waveguide amplifier working at 1.06 micrometers wavelength using Nd-doped photolime gel as the active medium. Fluorescent spectrum at 1.32 micrometers region was also observed for the first time. The polymer introduced is soluble in water. As a result, the chemical compounds containing rare earth ions (REIs) can be mixed with the host polymer as long as they are hydrophilic. But the doping concentrations should be below the level of microscopic clustering which quenches the active ions. There are other quenchers which shorten the lifetime of metastable states of active ions.
Cost-effectiveness of a primary care depression intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of a quality improvement depression intervention (enhanced care) in primary care settings relative to usual care. DESIGN: Following stratification, we randomized 12 primary care practices to enhanced or usual care conditions and followed patients for 12 months. SETTING: Primary care practices located in 10 states across the United States. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred eleven patients beginning a new treatment episode for major depression. INTERVENTIONS: Training the primary care team to assess, educate, and monitor depressed patients during the acute and continuation stages of their depression treatment episode over 1 year. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Cost-effectiveness was measured by calculating incremental (enhanced minus usual care) costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from SF-36 data. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in the main analysis was $15,463 per QALY. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the sensitivity analyses ranged from $11,341 (using geographic block variables to control for pre-intervention service utilization) to $19,976 (increasing the cost estimates by 50%) per QALY. CONCLUSIONS: This quality improvement depression intervention was cost-effective relative to usual care compared to cost-effectiveness ratios for common primary care interventions and commonly cited cost-effectiveness ratio thresholds for intervention implementation.
The reaction of reduced cytochromes c with nitrous oxide reductase of Wolinella succinogenes

Abstract Kinetic studies were carried out on the oxidation of dithionite-reduced, monoheme cytochromes c by nitrous oxide reductase from Wolinella succinogenes. These reduced cytochrome c-N2O oxidoreductase systems showed second-order kinetics, first-order each in reduced cytochrome c and enzyme, at concentrations of reduced cytochrome c between 1 and 10 μM. The second-order rate constant at 25°C and pH 6.8, k2, was 3.1 · 106, 9.3 · 104 and about 1 · 104 M−1 s−1 for cytochrome c from W. succinogenes, horse heart and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cytochrome c-551), respectively, at enzyme concentrations ≦ 12, ≦3 and ≦ 11 nM, respectively. With horse-heart cytochrome c and cytochrome c-551, k2 diminished substantially at higher enzyme concentrations. Evidence for reaction via an E-S (Michaelis) complex was not obtained. Unlike systems for which the radical cation of benzyl viologen (BV·+) served as reducing agent, nitrous oxide reductase failed to show turnover-dependent inactivation when a reduced cytochrome c was the reductant. The system thus mimicked the ability of nitrous oxide reductase to turnover in vivo without inactivation. Cytochrome c oxidase activity of nitrous oxide reductase was not observed when O2 replaced N2O. Similarly, BV·+-CO2 oxidoreductase activity was not detected with bicarbonate buffer (CO2 is isoelectronic with N2O). The values for Mr (9214), optical extinction coefficients and amino acid composition of the monoheme cytochrome c of W. succinogenes were found to be somewhat different from published values.