cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applications of the Optical Multichannel Analyzer for Low Light Level Signal Averaging and Two-Dimensional Mode Detection of Picosecond Laser-Generated Raman Spectra

Techniques developed for the use of a programmable optical multichannel analyzer are discussed. Two different signal-limited areas which are of general spectroscopic interest are the focus of the paper. The first area involves using extended delay target integration techniques for low level light signal averaging. The second application area describes techniques developed for capturing spectral information from pulsed laser experiments. Multiple tracks are shown in order to demonstrate the two-dimensional applications in spectroscopy. The paper also contains information about the design and operating principles of vidicon detectors and other imaging technologies are considered as well.
The help-hurt game as a measure of aggression in children with learning and behavior disorders

Abstract Two studies were conducted to assess the validity of the Help-Hurt game as a measure of aggressivion for emotionally disturbed (ED) and learning disabled (LD) children. In Study 1, the Help-Hurt game performance of 60 ED children was correlated with peer nominations and teacher ratings of aggressive behavior. Although the latter two measures were significantly related to each other, neither was associated with Hurt scores. Because the Help-Hurt game is typically preceded by a provocatory stimulus (television) when used in laboratory applications, a second study was conducted to examine the influence of this variable. In Study 2, a group of 38 ED and LD children viewed either an aggression-laden or comparison cartoon and then played the Help-Hurt game. Hurt scores for youngsters exposed to the aggressive cartoon condition correlated moderately with mother ratings of aggression but not with direct observations of peer aggression in school. Ironically, the Help score from the nonaggressive cartoon condition was moderately correlated with both ratings and observations of aggression. It was concluded that, within the limits of the present studies, the Help-Hurt game does not appear to be a particularly robust measure of child aggression, but that Hurt scores are moderately associated with certain types of negativistic behavior.
Planning the future of Botswana's coal

Botswana has vast proven deposits of steam coal, which, for a long time, the government has wanted to develop but without much success. The main objectives of this study are • to forecast possible coal exports from Botswana and the land routes for these exports • to determine the competitiveness of Botswana's coal in world steam coal trade • to make recommendations on the appropriate policy for the exploitation of this coal. To accomplish these objectives, we construct a model of the global steam coal trade and apply this model to forecast the likely optimal size of mine, timing of capacity, and choice of export port for the years 2005 and 2010 from a 2000 base forecast year. The results of our regional analysis suggest that Botswana's coal exports are competitive in Asia and Western Europe. These results are shown to be least sensitive to changes in rail transportation costs and marginal supply costs but more sensitive to changes in capital costs for mine development.
SU-GG-T-509: Development of a Database and Software Tools for Outcome Analysis of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy

Purpose:Dose‐volume response data for breast cancerradiotherapy (RT) are generally lacking. The purpose of this work is to develop a database and software tools to facilitate the analyses of short‐ and long‐term radiationdose‐volume responses of breast cancer RT. Method and Materials: As a part of the project aiming to develop the Research Analysis Platform and IGRTDatabases (RAPID), a database, consisting of modules to enter breast cancer patient's demographic, diagnosis and staging, radiation treatment parameters, dose‐volume data and follow‐up information, was developed using FileMaker databasesoftware. Data is tabulated in Microsoft Excel and imported into RAPID. Treatment related toxicity definitions for the breast RT were incorporated into the database to standardize the documentation of toxicity which facilitates statistical and outcome analysis. Relevant data can be exported from the database for use with auxiliary software tools for dose‐volume response analysis and outcome meta‐analysis. RAPID will be integrated with other software tools such as CERR, AutoEUD, and DREES to facilitate modeling of dose‐volume responses for treatment planning. Results: A database and software tools with capabilities of searching, sorting any correlating input parameters are developed. Clinical data for breast cancer patients treated in our institution in the last 10 years with CT‐based dosimetry planning are being entered into the database. A FileMaker server has been installed in our department to host RAPID and allows registered users to remotely access password‐protected clinical data. Conclusions: A database and auxiliary tools as part of a software platform, RAPID, has been developed to facilitate storing clinical data and deriving dose‐volume responses for breast cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. This research is supported by the Folkman Foundation
Role of M2 domain residues in conductance and gating of acetylcholine receptors in developing Xenopus muscle

1The contributions of specific residues in γ- and ɛ-subunits to the developmental changes in conductance and open time of Xenopus muscle acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) were investigated. This study was directed primarily at residues in the M2 domains of γ- and ɛ-subunits; however, the results of additional mutations in the extracellular region flanking M2 and in the amphipathic region between M3 and M4 are also described. 2The M2 domains of γ- and ɛ-subunits differ at only three amino acid residues, two of which are adjacent to each other and located near the narrowest part of the pore. These two residues (NI in γ, SV in ɛ) were found to be major determinants of the difference in conductance and open time of AChRs bearing γ- or ɛ-subunits. 3Mutation of N to S in the γ-subunit converted the long open time of receptors bearing the γ-subunit (γ-AChRs) to the brief open time characteristic of receptors bearing an ɛ-subunit (ɛ-AChRs). Conversely, ɛ-AChRs with SV mutated to NI in the ɛ-subunit exhibited a long open time characteristic of γ-AChRs. 4Mutation of N to S in the γ-subunit increased the conductance of γ-AChRs but did not confer the full conductance of wild-type ɛ-AChRs. Conversely, mutation of SV to NI in the ɛ-subunit reduced the conductance of ɛ-AChRs, but not completely to the level of wild-type γ-AChRs.
Genetic Association Studies: Time for a New Paradigm?

Recently, CEBP published a new editorial policy for association studies of genetic variants and disease ([1][1]). The policy gives high priority to studies that meet several criteria. The studies must ( a ) evaluate a variant in light of its possible interaction with other genes in a pathway and
Technology for people, not disabilities: ensuring access and inclusion

The potential of technology to connect people and provide access to education, commerce, employment and entertainment has never been greater or more rapidly changing. Communication technologies and new media promise to ‘revolutionize our lives’ by breaking down barriers and expanding access for disabled people. Yet, it is also true that technology can create unexpected and undercritiqued forms of social exclusion for disabled people. In addition to exploring some of the ways that even (or especially) assistive technology can result in new forms of social exclusion, we also propose alternative ways of thinking about inclusive and accessible (as opposed to assistive) technology and provide some very practical ways that accessible technologies would promote greater access and flexibility for disabled students and adults. We contend that technology should be conceived of as a global, accessible and inclusive concept, not one that requires a qualifier based on who it is for.
The practice of prescribing: Discovering differences in what we tell patients about prescription medications

A B S T R A C T Objective: This study explored patient recall of clinician presentation of information about prescription medication, looking specifically for communication patterns and differences by patient individual characteristics and by medication availability type. Methods: A cross sectional survey collected information about 216 patients’ perceptions of clinician presentations of medication information. Results: Demographically, males recalled receiving more information about reasons, risks, and regimen in medication discussions. By medication type, patients reported receiving more medication information when the clinician presented a prescription-only medication as opposed to a medication that was also available over the counter. Conclusion: Given the broad and unmonitored use of over-the-counter products, coupled with the increasing awareness of risks associated with many of these medications, it is concerning that patients report receiving less information about these products. Practice implications: The emphasis on appropriate medication counseling should not be limited to medications available only by prescription. Prescribers should be mindful of these potential tendencies when discussing medications. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Non-syndromic bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts in two siblings

Abstract Enlarged vestibular aqueduct is one of the most frequent inner ear malformations with early manifested sensorineural hearing loss. It is often associated with Pendred syndrome. The non-syndromic familial enlarged vestibular aqueduct entity is less described with only a few cases reported in the literature. It is thought to be a varying presentation on the phenotypic spectrum of genetic mutation in the same locus of chromosome 7q31. The familial inheritance has been suspected to be autosomal recessive. In this case report, we present a patient who presented to the clinic with hearing loss after blunt head trauma with a soccer ball. Suspected enlarged vestibular aqueduct was confirmed to be bilateral on CT scan of the temporal bones. Additional inquiry into the family history revealed that her sister also had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss at an early age. Unpredictably, bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts were confirmed in the sister with similar imaging modality. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies are reviewed along with the current literature.
Patterns of Neutral Diversity Under General Models of Selective Sweeps

Two major sources of stochasticity in the dynamics of neutral alleles result from resampling of finite populations (genetic drift) and the random genetic background of nearby selected alleles on which the neutral alleles are found (linked selection). There is now good evidence that linked selection plays an important role in shaping polymorphism levels in a number of species. One of the best-investigated models of linked selection is the recurrent full-sweep model, in which newly arisen selected alleles fix rapidly. However, the bulk of selected alleles that sweep into the population may not be destined for rapid fixation. Here we develop a general model of recurrent selective sweeps in a coalescent framework, one that generalizes the recurrent full-sweep model to the case where selected alleles do not sweep to fixation. We show that in a large population, only the initial rapid increase of a selected allele affects the genealogy at partially linked sites, which under fairly general assumptions are unaffected by the subsequent fate of the selected allele. We also apply the theory to a simple model to investigate the impact of recurrent partial sweeps on levels of neutral diversity and find that for a given reduction in diversity, the impact of recurrent partial sweeps on the frequency spectrum at neutral sites is determined primarily by the frequencies rapidly achieved by the selected alleles. Consequently, recurrent sweeps of selected alleles to low frequencies can have a profound effect on levels of diversity but can leave the frequency spectrum relatively unperturbed. In fact, the limiting coalescent model under a high rate of sweeps to low frequency is identical to the standard neutral model. The general model of selective sweeps we describe goes some way toward providing a more flexible framework to describe genomic patterns of diversity than is currently available.
Vitamin C and serendipity, fifty years ago.

When I receivedan invitationtowriteabout theabstractI published for the FASEB Meeting in1942,entitled“The protective action of vitamin C against experimental liver damage,” my first thought was to wish that I had submitted an abstract about something else I was doing at the time. Something different, but related; something of more obvious benefit to medicine. Itdoes occurtome thatthe use oftheterm vitaminC as an essentialnutriment inthiscontextwas proper.I used the chemical equivalentofvitaminC, ascorbicacid,inthetitle and text of articles that pertained to hydroxylation or oxidative deamination of a group of related compounds that mimicked in some ways the action of the sympathetic (adrenergic) division of the nervous system. I am not sure whether this distinctive use of equivalent terms was deliberate or intuitive on my part 50 years ago. (I was still a year or two away from completion of the combined M.D., Ph.D. programs at Wisconsin.) Much of the time was spent in the laboratory. This reasearch with vitamin C derived fortuitously from my work that made use of ascorbic acid as a reagent, as follows.
Neutrophil Elastase in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Production by Macrophages

Background— Catabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to vascular remodeling in health and disease. Although metalloenzymes and cysteinyl proteinases have garnered much attention in this regard, the role of serine-dependent proteinases in vascular ECM degradation during atherogenesis remains unknown. We recently discovered the presence of the metalloproteinase MMP-8, traditionally associated only with neutrophils, in atheroma-related cells. Human neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a critical role in lung disease, but the paucity of neutrophils in the atheromatous plaque has led to neglect of its potential role in vascular biology. NE can digest elastin, fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens, and other ECM components in addition to its ability to modify lipoproteins and modulate cytokine and MMP activity. Methods and Results— Fibrous and atheromatous plaques but not normal arteries contained NE. In particular, NE abounded in the macrophage-rich shoulders of atheromatous plaques with histological ...
Wolbachia Utilize Host Actin for Efficient Maternal Transmission in Drosophila melanogaster

Wolbachia pipientis is a ubiquitous, maternally transmitted bacterium that infects the germline of insect hosts. Estimates are that Wolbachia infect nearly 40% of insect species on the planet, making it the most prevalent infection on Earth. The bacterium, infamous for the reproductive phenotypes it induces in arthropod hosts, has risen to recent prominence due to its use in vector control. Wolbachia infection prevents the colonization of vectors by RNA viruses, including Drosophila C virus and important human pathogens such as Dengue and Chikungunya. Here we present data indicating that Wolbachia utilize the host actin cytoskeleton during oogenesis for persistence within and transmission between Drosophila melanogaster generations. We show that phenotypically wild type flies heterozygous for cytoskeletal mutations in Drosophila profilin (chic221/+ and chic1320/+) or villin (qua6-396/+) either clear a Wolbachia infection, or result in significantly reduced infection levels. This reduction of Wolbachia is supported by PCR evidence, Western blot results and cytological examination. This phenotype is unlikely to be the result of maternal loading defects, defects in oocyte polarization, or germline stem cell proliferation, as the flies are phenotypically wild type in egg size, shape, and number. Importantly, however, heterozygous mutant flies exhibit decreased total G-actin in the ovary, compared to control flies and chic221 heterozygous mutants exhibit decreased expression of profilin. Additionally, RNAi knockdown of profilin during development decreases Wolbachia titers. We analyze evidence in support of alternative theories to explain this Wolbachia phenotype and conclude that our results support the hypothesis that Wolbachia utilize the actin skeleton for efficient transmission and maintenance within Drosophila.
a social portrait of John Gibbs St. Clair Drake: an American anthropologist

A travers un entretien relatant sa formation et son parcours universitaire, ses terrains et recherches, son engagement politique
Understanding deep web search interfaces: a survey

This paper presents a survey on the major approaches to search interface understanding. The Deep Web consists of data that exist on the Web but are inaccessible via text search engines. The traditional way to access these data, i.e., by manually filling-up HTML forms on search interfaces, is not scalable given the growing size of Deep Web. Automatic access to these data requires an automatic understanding of search interfaces. While it is easy for a human to perceive an interface, machine processing of an interface is challenging. During the last decade, several works addressed the automatic interface understanding problem while employing a variety of understanding strategies. This paper presents a survey conducted on the key works. This is the first survey in the field of search interface understanding. Through an exhaustive analysis, we organize the works on a 2-D graph based on the underlying database information extracted and based on the technique employed.
Tectonic and climatic implications of alluvial fan sequences along the Batinah coast, Oman

Along the Batinah coast in northern Oman, seven levels of alluvial fan remnants stretching from the Oman Mountains to the Gulf of Oman were considered evidence for Quaternary uplift by previous workers. We suggest that these regionally extensive fan remnants were instead caused by Quaternary climate fluctuations acting on the Oman Mountain headwaters and the major wadi systems. The gradients of these wadis were oversteepened twice: by mid-Tertiary uplift of the mountains and by a major Plio-Pleistocene alluvial aggradation event. Wadi channels are still being cut through this massive deposit. The episodic nature of climatically induced downcutting has produced the fan-terrace levels. The southern Batinah coast is a hinge zone about which the Arabian plate is tilting as it collides with the Eurasian plate. To the north, the Musandam peninsula and the associated fans are subsiding in response to subduction. To the south, uplifted marine shorelines suggest an apparent rigid plate response to the northward subduction.
Validity and Responsiveness of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index

ABSTRACTPurpose: The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was validated in a sample of men with longstanding prostatitis but it has not been validated in primary care samples or assessed for responsiveness to change. We assessed its reliability, validity and responsiveness to change in a sample of men with pelvic pain visits to health maintenance organization primary care and urology clinics.Materials and Methods: A total of 261 men with recent primary care or urology clinic visits for pelvic pain and no evidence of specific disease completed the NIH-CPSI and validated generic pain and health-related quality of life measures (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Short-Form 36 and Short-Form 12 scales) in a telephone interview approximately 1 month after the visit, of whom 230 (88%) completed the measures again 3 months later.Results: Validity was demonstrated for the NIH-CPSI pain and quality of life scales through their moderate correlations with other validated measures of th...
Structural characterization of product ions by electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to support regulatory analysis of veterinary drug residues in foods. Part 2: Benzimidazoles, nitromidazoles, phenothiazines, and mectins.

Rationale Analysis for identification and quantification of regulated veterinary drug residues in foods is usually achieved by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The instrumental method requires the selection of characteristic ions, but structural elucidation is seldom performed to help ensure accuracy. This study is a continuation of previous work to characterize selected product ions in support of regulatory monitoring programs. Methods The tandem mass spectra of 28 veterinary drugs from a previously published LC/MS/MS method were acquired with a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. The TOF analyzer was calibrated to achieve a mass accuracy error <5 ppm for the MS and MS/MS modes, and samples were infused for data acquisition. Results The high mass accuracy achieved in Q-TOF allowed elucidation of the formulae of the product ions previously selected for qualitative identification. Rational interpretation of results was made and compared with the published literature, and the structure for the MS/MS product ions of four classes of regulated drugs (mectins, benzimidazoles, nitroimidazoles, and phenothiazines), totaling 28 compounds, were examined leading to the report of new structures or confirmation of published structures using low-resolution MS. Conclusions Structural characterization of the product ions selected for identification and quantification of veterinary drug residues is important information for regulatory monitoring programs in defense of regulatory enforcement actions. This study has allowed structural elucidation of 84 MS/MS product ions previously selected for the LC/MS/MS analysis of 28 drug analytes. Published in 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Discussion of Presentation by Joseph Newirth

Discussing Joseph Newirth's case from a modern Freudian perspective, I explore possible sources of the patient's degraded view of herself, her ambivalent feelings toward men, and her fears of sexuality. I also discuss the course of the treatment, noting that both the patient's progress and the core of her resistance centers on her complex relationship with her analyst. This has been the source of healing and of avoidance of her inner world of imagination and fantasy. I further suggest that active confrontation of the patient's defensive use of her relationship with her analyst would enhance the substantial gains that she has already made.
Laser Verification of On-Chip Charge-Collection Measurement Circuit

An on-chip charge-collection measurement circuit has been designed and fabricated in a 130 nm bulk CMOS process. Laser testing is used to verify the effectiveness of the on-chip charge-collection circuit technique for characterizing single event charge collection in advanced technologies. The on-chip charge-collection measurement circuit is used as an investigative tool for examining the effects of parasitic bipolar amplification for deep-submicron PMOS devices.
Carpal Ligament Anatomy and Biomechanics

A fundamental understanding of the ligamentous anatomy of the wrist is critical for any physician attempting to treat carpal instability. The anatomy of the wrist is complex, not only because of the number of named structures and their geometry but also because of the inconsistencies in describing these ligaments. The complex anatomy of the wrist is described through a review of the carpal ligaments and their effect on normal carpal motion. Mastery of this topic facilitates the physician's understanding of the patterns of instability that are seen clinically.
Zebrafish inner retina: Local signals for spatial position, luminance, and color contrast

The retina of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides an unusually favorable preparation for genetic and developmental studies of the retina. Although the retina has been studied extensively for two decades, the neuronal response of the inner retina is largely unknown. This report describes a prominent local field potential of the inner retina, the Proximal Negative Response (PNR). It is best evoked by small (100 μm) precisely positioned spots of light and is exceedingly sensitive to negative luminance contrast. The polarity, waveform, and other properties of the PNR suggest that it arises primarily from ON-OFF neurons of the proximal retina. The dominant response to negative contrast and its enhancement by light adaptation is believed due to a dominant presynaptic input from OFF bipolar cells. Color contrast was investigated by analyzing responses to a green bar moving on green versus red backgrounds. Over an intermediate range of irradiance, the response to green on red was larger than the response to green on green, thereby providing evidence for the encoding of color contrast. The present findings complement the classic principle of color contrast for human vision known as Kirschmann’s third law and bring to mind the view of Walls that color contrast may have been the driving force for the evolution of color vision in lower vertebrates. In sum, the PNR of zebrafish provides clear evidence for the encoding of color and luminance contrast in the inner retina. It exhibits the defining properties common to many other vertebrates, reinforcing the view that the zebrafish may further serve as a model for retinal function and that the PNR may provide a new approach for studies of development, genetics, and retinal degeneration in zebrafish.
Redescription of Bursaphelenchus talonus (Thorne, 1935) Massey, 1956 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) and designation of lectotypes

Bursaphelenchus talonus is redescribed and a hololectotype and paralectotypes are designated. The species is characterized by three incisures in the lateral field at midbody, an offset head, two rows of cells in the gonad, and a stylet without knobs (11-14 μm). The male body is 654 to 946 μm long with an arcuate tail. A round-ovoid bursa envelops the tail. Three pairs of papillae are present: one pre-cloacal and the other two post-cloacal, near tail terminus. Spicules are 14 to 16 μm long, mitten- shaped, and have a well-developed condylus and rostrum. Distal tips of spicules are pointed and lack a cucullus. The female body is 760 to 836 μm long and tapers posteriorly to a conoid, amucronate tail. The tail terminus is rounded or sub acute. A postuterine sac is present (102-124 μm), and a vulval flap is absent.
Immunoaffinity column as sample cleanup method for determination of the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine and its metabolites

A monoclonal antibody-based immunoaffinity column (RAC-IAC) was developed as a cleanup method for the determination of ractopamine and ractopamine glucuronides. [14C]Ractopamine (5 microg) and [14C]ractopamine glucuronides (5 microg) were fortified into 10 mL cattle urine, and loaded onto an RAC-IAC (5 mg IgG/mL) column. The column was washed and the bound analytes were eluted. In the initial loading and washing, 22% of the radioactivity was washed off and the subsequent elution step recovered 78%. A blank column prepared from nonspecific IgG retained 3 months in phosphate-buffered saline with 0.02% sodium azide at 4 degrees C. The method was used with fortified cattle muscle, liver, and kidney samples with recoveries of 82.1+/-7.6, 87.8+/-1.9, and 92.5+/-0.4%, respectively (n = 3). Similar studies with sheep muscle, liver, and kidney samples gave recoveries of 91.8+/-0.2, 91.7+/-0.3, and 92.3+/-0.3, respectively (n = 3). Liver and kidney samples were diluted to prevent column plugging, but all of the eluants were suitable for liquid chromatography analysis. This IAC is a selective, efficient, and economical cleanup method in a variety of matrixes for ractopamine determination.
Body temperature triggered shape-memory polymers with high elastic energy storage capacity

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) that respond near body temperature are attracting broad interest, especially in the biomedical fields. In this study, the triggering temperature of poly(caprolactone) SMP networks is precisely adjusted by inclusion of non-crystallizable molecular linkers and by variation of prepolymer molecular weight. Longer, non-crystalline linkers and lower molecular weight prepolymers interfere with crystallization, lowering the transition temperature. Networks are prepared with crystallization temperatures that are beneath the human body temperature and yet are above room temperature. Upon cooling such amorphous networks to room temperature, crystallization is sluggish. There, elastomers can be easily strained by several hundred-percent to induce crystallization, thereby fixing strained states. If subsequently heated, programmed SMPs can release significant amounts of stored strain energy (∼3 MJ/m3). SMPs that combine elastic energy storage and exhibit triggering temperatures near the human body temperature could benefit emerging applications in the biomedical space. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1397–1404
Sexual Orientation Identity Disparities in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion in a National Sample of Young Adult U.S. Women and Men

SEXUAL ORIENTATION IDENTITY DISPARITIES IN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION INITIATION AND COMPLETION IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE OF YOUNG ADULT U.S. WOMEN AND MEN Madina Agenor, ScD , Sarah M. Peitzmeier, MPH , Allegra R. Gordon, ScD , Brittany M. Charlton, ScD , Sebastien JPA. Haneuse, PhD , Jennifer E. Potter, MD , S. Bryn Austin, ScD . Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Managerial Strategies in Municipal Government Organizations

The article discusses a study pertaining to managerial strategies in municipal government organizations. The findings indicate that there are multiple internal and external strategy approaches used...
VARIATION OP LONGSHORE CURRENT ACROSS THE SURF ZONE

The wave-induced longshore current variation across the surf zone is described for a simplified model The basic assumptions are that the conditions are steady, the bottom contours are straight and parallel but allow for an arbitrary bottom profile, the waves are adequately described by linear theory, and that spilling breakers exist across the surf zone Conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy, separated into the steady and unsteady components, are used to describe second order-wave-induced phenomena of shoaling waves approaching at an angle to the beach An expression for the longshore current is developed, based on the alongshore component of excess momentum flux due to the presence of unsteady wave motion Wave set-down and set-up have been included in the formulation Emphasis in the analysis is placed on formulating usable predictive equations for engineering practice Comparison with experimental results from the laboratory and field show that if the assumed conditions are approximately fulfilled, the predicted results compare quite favorably.
Kinematic predictors of star excursion balance test performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Abstract Background The Star Excursion Balance Test has identified dynamic postural control deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability. While kinematic predictors of Star Excursion Balance Test performance have been evaluated in healthy individuals, this has not been thoroughly examined in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Methods Fifteen individuals with chronic ankle instability completed the anterior reach direction of the Star Excursion Balance Test and weight-bearing dorsiflexion assessments. Maximum reach distances on the Star Excursion Balance Test were measured in cm and normalized to leg length. Three-dimensional trunk, hip, knee, and ankle motion of the stance limb were recorded during each anterior reach trial using a motion capture system. Sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane displacement observed from trial initiation to the point of maximum reach was calculated for each joint or segment and averaged for analysis. Pearson product–moment correlations were performed to examine the relationships between kinematic variables, maximal reach, and weight-bearing dorsiflexion. A backward multiple linear regression model was developed with maximal reach as the criterion variable and kinematic variables as predictors. Findings Frontal plane displacement of the trunk, hip, and ankle and sagittal plane knee displacement were entered into the analysis. The final model (p = 0.004) included all three frontal plane variables and explained 81% of the variance in maximal reach. Maximal reach distance and several kinematic variables were significantly related to weight-bearing dorsiflexion. Interpretation Individuals with chronic ankle instability who demonstrated greater lateral trunk displacement toward the stance limb, hip adduction, and ankle eversion achieved greater maximal reach.
The utilization and satisfaction of basic public health services in patients with noninfectious chronic diseases in Nanning

Objective To find out the comparison on utilization and satisfaction of urban and rural patients in Nanning city,and provide a reference for improving the management of patients with chronic diseases.Methods A random sample of 1 200 patients with chronic diseases was collected from January to December 2012,who had received the national basic public health services.Information was collected by questionnaires and physical examination,t-test was used for measurement data,Chi-square test was used for count data,the influence factors of satisfaction was analyzed by Logistic regression analysis and P0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The ratios of urban patients of receiving health lecture,interview or telephone guidance,on-site consultation,accepting health education were 60.52%,84.26%,88.70%,80.83%,which were higher than ratios of patients in rural areas(36.69%,36.89%,77.42%,80.83%),there were statistically significant differences(χ2=65.865,284.669,27.484,106.785,all P0.05).The satisfaction rates of urban patients about the service environment,medical procedures,service attitude and service technology of medical staff were 89.08%,92.25%,94.89% and 83.10% respectively,which were higher than rural patients(45.07%,61.87%,62.93% and 53.07%),and the differences were significant(χ2=142.43,131.19,157.59,137.43,157.59,all P0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that follow-up times(OR=1.275,95%CI 1.063-1.530),medical environment(OR=2.163,95%CI 1.238-3.778),service attitude(OR=2.703,95%CI 1.440-5.072) were influence factors of follow-up satisfaction.Conclusion The basic public health services utilization to chronic disease patient from rural areas is lower than that from urban area.Rural chronic diseases patients' satisfaction for basic public health services is lower than urban patients.A strengthen to the construction of rural medical and health institutions is needed to improve the quality of service.
Fast Bayesian regularization for vibration elastography

In this work we show that a novel application of Bayesian regularization can be applied as fast, post-processing procedure to vibration elastography reconstructions to reduce artefacts. The technique allows for fast and simple algorithms to be applied as an initial reconstruction provided that both an estimate and its uncertainty are obtained. Bayesian methods work by incorporating prior information from the user. In this case, the operator-supplied a-priori knowledge is the expected feature size in the reconstruction. With this parameter, the algorithm creates a temporary filtered image where each pixel is a weighted average of its neighbors in the initial reconstruction. The variance of these neighbors is also computed and stored. The final image is ten a weighted average of the initial reconstruction with weights being the inverse of the respective variances. The effect it to use the initial reconstruction as the final result whenever its variance is low but when its variance is high to use an average of the surrounding pixels. The entire algorithm (including initial reconstruction using filter ratios) can be implemented in less than 100 lines of (Python) code and takes only a few seconds to run for a 256/spl times/256 image on 700 MHz Pentium III machines. We apply the algorithm to simulated vibration elastography data, and real data collected from 5%-20% graphite-laden bovine gels using 400Hz vibrations detected both with a 3.5MHz ultrasound transducer and MRI. The results show that reconstruction artefacts are significantly reduced especially those due to variability in the signal-to-noise ratio of the displacement measurements.
Risk of Delayed Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Inner-City Adolescent Women.

Background. Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the United States is slow, and the effectiveness of the vaccine has not been assessed in high-risk adolescent populations. Methods. We conducted a longitudinal study of 1139 sexually active, inner-city adolescent women receiving the 3-dose quadrivalent (4vHPV) vaccine. Cervical and anal specimens collected semiannually were tested using an L1-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. Postvaccination incidence of 4vHPV vaccine and nonvaccine HPV types, and risk of cervical cytological abnormalities, were assessed in relation to time to completion of all 3 vaccine doses. Results. Compared to vaccine naive women at enrollment, vaccinated women had significantly lower incidence rate ratios of cervical infection with HPV6/11/16/18 (0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], .1–.4) and the related types HPV31 and HPV45 (0.4 [95% CI, .2–1.0] and 0.3 [95% CI, .1–.6], respectively), as well as significantly lower incidence rate ratios of anal infection with HPV6/11/16/18 (0.4; 95% CI, .2–.7). Notably, we observed higher risks of cervical HPV6/11/16/18 infection (hazards ratio [HR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0–8.0) and associated cytological abnormalities (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, .7–26.0) among women immunized at ≥15 years of age who took ≥12 months (vs <12 months) to complete the 3-dose regimen. Conclusions. Among adolescents immunized at ≥15 years of age, a longer time to complete the 3-dose schedule was associated with an increased risk of anogenital HPV6/11/16/18 infection and an increased incidence of associated cervical cytological abnormalities.
The shape of segregation: The role of urban form in immigrant assimilation

Abstract The built environment can mediate or constrain the opportunities for social interaction, essential to the formation of social ties. This study uses the large inflow of immigrants in Barcelona between 1998 and 2008 to study whether the configuration of buildings and open urban areas in a block is associated with the residential segregation of immigrants—a proxy for social interaction. Based on a rich set of shape metrics, I use machine learning techniques to classify each block in Barcelona into one of eight typologies, which provide a summary measure of their built environment. I then combine these data with measures of residential segregation constructed at the building level using data on the exact address of each resident of Barcelona. The findings show that some features of the built environment of a block—as measured by the typologies—are systematically associated with reduced residential segregation of Spaniards and newly arrived immigrants in that block.
Biomimetic Chirality Sensing with Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate

Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) is introduced to a biomimetic indicator displacement assay for simultaneous determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and concentration of unprotected amino acids, amino alcohols and amines. The chiroptical assay is based on fast imine metathesis with a PLP aryl imine probe to capture the target compound for circular dichroism and fluorescence sensing analysis. The substrate binding yields characteristic Cotton effects that provide information about the target compound ee and the synchronous release of the indicator results in a nonenantioselective off-on fluorescence response that is independent of the enantiomeric sample composition and readily correlated to the total analyte concentration.
Immunodetection of Porcine Red Blood Cell Containing Food Ingredients Using a Porcine-Hemoglobin-Specific Monoclonal Antibody

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 24C12-E7 has been found to bind to a 12 kDa antigenic protein in the red blood cell (RBC) of porcine blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the identity of this 12 kDa protein and consequently examine its potential as a marker for monitoring porcine RBC-containing ingredients (PRBCIs) in foods. Proteomic techniques identified the 12 kDa antigenic protein to be a monomer of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule. Further heat-processing of spray-dried PRBCIs diminishes its detectability. Whereas mAb 24C12-E7-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) could detect 1% (v/v) or less of PRBCIs in raw and cooked ground meats (beef, pork and chicken), the detection limits were 3 to 30 times higher for spiked cooked beef and pork. The assay is effective for monitoring the presence of PRBCIs in foods to protect the billions of people that avoid consuming blood. In situations where these PRBCIs are present as ingredients in foods that have undergone further heat processing, the assay, however, may not be as sensitive depending on the types of sample matrix, types of PRBCIs and the level of inclusion.
Technology-Based Employability Curriculum and Culturally Diverse Learners with Disabilities.

As technology continues to permeate our culture and society, K–12 educators search for strategies to build student capacity and engagement with technology. Although the digital divide around access...
Abstract 15818: Willingness to Reinitiate Statins by Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Data From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Introduction: Statins are an effective therapy to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Studies suggest many people who discontinue statins can be successfully re-challenged and continue therap...
Controversial issues in thyroid cancer management

The lack of prospective randomized clinical trials for most management topics in differentiated thyroid cancer forces us to make management recommendations based on retrospective observational data, which are often incomplete, subject to selection bias, and conflicting. Therefore, it is not surprising that many aspects of thyroid cancer management remain controversial and not well defined. This review will examine the controversies surrounding 3 important topics in thyroid cancer management: the option of thyroid lobectomy as initial therapy, the use of preoperative neck imaging to optimize the completeness of the initial surgery, and the selective use of radioactive iodine for remnant ablation, adjuvant treatment, or treatment for known persistent or recurrent disease. As thyroid cancer management moves toward a much more risk-adapted approach to personalized recommendations, clinicians and patients must balance the risks and benefits of the potential options to arrive at a plan that is optimized regarding both patient preferences/values and the philosophy/experience of the local disease management team.
Effects of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Neuroimaging and Functional Outcomes in Patients with MS (P4.347)

Objective: To characterize the effects of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) on neuroimaging and functional measures in patients with MS. Background: There has been inconsistent evidence for an association between SES and outcomes in MS. Even more unclear is the effect of childhood SES. Design/Methods: The Reserve Project is a prospective study of risk and protective factors for disease and disability progression in early MS (R01 HD082176). Baseline data from the first 150 adult patients are examined here (130 RRMS, 20 CIS; 96 women; aged 34.0±7.5 years; 2.2±1.5 years diagnosed). Maternal education, a marker of childhood SES, was categorized as lower ( Results: There was a multivariate effect of childhood SES on outcomes (F[4,142]=2.42, p=.05). Higher childhood SES was associated with lower T2LV (p=.011), greater mean CT (p=.036), and larger nBV (p=.012) and nGM (p=.033). Higher childhood SES was also associated with better function on the MSFC (p=.048). Follow-up analyses showed that this effect was driven by faster gait (p=.028), but not upper extremity (p=.436) or cognitive (p=.123) function. In contrast to maternal education, patient education was unrelated to all neuroimaging outcomes (Ps>.30). The only functional outcome linked to patient education was cognition (p=.024). Conclusions: Higher childhood SES is associated with better outcomes including lower lesion burden, greater brain volumes, and better functional status. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms behind these associations. Study Supported by: NIH R01 HD082176 Disclosure: Dr. Yeshokumar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fabian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leavitt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lewis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pelle has nothing to disclose. Dr. El Mendili has nothing to disclose. Dr. Droby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Inglese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sumowski has nothing to disclose.
Phase retrieval by optimal weighted norm extrapolation

Introduction. The problem of recovery of a finite support signal from a given set of smnples and the Fourier transform (F. T.) magnitude is considered. The problem is dealt with from an extrapolation point of view. That is, in a manner similar to the bandlirnited extrapolation problem and its extensions using a weighted frequency domain norm. Should one decide to set the weight function exactly equal to the given magnitude, it would give a resulting estimate with magnitude that resembles, but does not equal, the general shape of the weight function. Therefore, this would not be a phase retrieval technique. In order to get an exact match to the given magnitude, one must devise a scheme to accomplish this. An algorithm is presented here which is designed to satisfy the constraints of the given time samples at each iteration (extrapolation) and, in the limit, match the Fourier transform magnitude. P, ecent work has shown that for one and two dimensional finite support sequences, the Fourier transform magnitude and one boundary time or object domain sample is enough to determine certain signals uniquely [I]. The proposed scheme in [I] depends on a ~,ery crucial constrain which could very easily be broken in the presence of noise in the Iu1own edge-sample or in the F. T. magnitude. In this paper the motivation to find a tradeoff between the amount of available data and the necessary signal-to-noise ratio for successful recovery leads us to consider the case where a variable set of time samples is available. It is expected that an increase in the number of samples available will result in more accurate recovery of the true signal. The general philosophy of this paper is that we always seek signal ~ using all a priori information whether or not this information uniquely determines the signal of interest.