cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acyl transferase activities in dog lung microsomes

Mammalian lung has a high concentration of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids in which both fatty acid ester chains are saturated, as opposed to the usual asymmetric phospholipid (one saturated fatty acid and one unsaturated fatty acid). The acyl transferase system in dog lung microsomes was studied by determining the reactivities of various acyl CoA derivatives with 1-lyso-2-acyl- and 1-acyl-2-lyso-phosphatidylcholine. The 16:0 derivative had equal reactivity for both the 1- and 2-lyso positions. The 18:0 derivative also exhibited marked reactivity toward both positions, although the specific activity of the enzyme when palmitoy1 CoA was used was approximately twice that compared to when stearoyl CoA was used. The 16:1 derivative showed approximately the same reactivity toward the 1-lyso position as did 16:0 but both 16:1 and 18:1 were more active with the 2-lyso position. These results suggest that acyl transferases may be important in the lung to insure that sufficient amounts of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine will always be present for use in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. It is also conceivable that the acyl transferase system described acts on 1- and 2-lyso-palmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (produced by phospholipase hydrolysis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine) in order to produce phosphatidylcholine species needed for cellular purposes other than surfactant function.
Emergency medicine in the United States: a systemic review

RESULTS: Emergency physicians in the U.S. emergency departments and sometimes other settings provide urgent and emergency care to patients of all ages, including definitive diagnosis of emergent conditions, prolonged stabilization of patients when necessary, airway management, and life-saving procedures using rapid sequence intubation and sedation. They use a multitude of diagnostic technologies including laboratory studies, bedside ultrasound and other sophisticated radiology, such as CT scan, and MRI. CONCLUSION: In the U.S., emergency medicine fits extremely well into the overall medical system, and is clearly the most effi cient way to provide emergency patient care.
The Abundance of Protein in Amazonia: A Reply to Gross

A critical examination of Gross's hypothesis that aboriginal Amazonian populations were limited to low levels by lack of adequate protein resources concludes that (1) evidence either for or against the hypothesis is still in short supply; (2) the role of vegetable protein in aboriginal diets needs much more attention and may ultimately overthrow the protein-limitation hypothesis; (3) the abundance of animal protein in the tropical forest has likely also been underestimated; (4) the abundance of people in precontact Amazonia may well have been underestimated as well. [Amazonia, protein, cultural ecology, limiting factors, population].
Analysis of acoustic wave scattering by scatterers in layered media using the hybrid ray–mode (boundary integral equation) method

Acoustic wave scattering by scatterers in layered media is studied using a new method that combines the hybrid ray–mode and boundary integral equation methods. The latter is used to formulate the scattering process and the former is used to provide the Green’s function of the layered environment. Following standard procedures of the boundary integral equation method, integral equations are formulated first for field distributions along the boundaries of the obstacles. By expressing these unknown distributions in terms of appropriate basis functions, the integral equations are then reduced to algebraic equations that are solved numerically. In the integral equations, it is necessary to compute the Green’s function of the layered environment for various arrangements of locations of source and receiver. None of these conventional approaches (rays, modes, and spectral integration) to evaluate the Green’s function are satisfactory for all possible arrangements. Only the newly developed hybrid ray–mode method i...
Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Is Comparable to Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatment in an Animal Model of Arthritis

Approximately 1 in 5 adults in the United States are affected by the pain, disability, and decreased quality of life associated with arthritis. The primary focus of treatment is on reducing joint inflammation and pain through a variety of pharmacotherapies, each of which is associated with various side effects. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an alternative treatment that has been recom- mended to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, ranging from chronic brain injury to exercise induced muscle soreness. The purpose of this set of experiments was to explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on joint inflammation and mechanical hyperalgesia in an animal model of arthritis, and compare these effects to treatment with aspirin. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy signifi- cantly reduced both joint inflammation and hyperalgesia. As compared with aspirin treatment, hyperbaric treatment was equally as effective in decreasing joint inflammation and hyperalgesia. Perspective: This article reports that hyperbaric oxygen treatment decreases pain and inflammation in an animal model of arthritis. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment is very similar in magnitude to the effect of acetylsalicylic acid treatment. Potentially, hyperbaric oxygen could be used to treat pain and inflammation in patients with arthritis.
CASE STUDY: Effects of a blend of prebiotics, probiotics, and hyperimmune dried egg protein on the performance, health, and innate immune responses of Holstein calves

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of supplementing a blend of prebiotics, probiotics, and hyperimmune dried egg protein on the performance, health, and innate immune responses of Holstein calves during the first 21 d of age. Ninety, day-old Holstein bull calves were completely randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: prophylactic or control. Prophylactic calves had a proprietary blend of prebiotics, probiotics, and hyperimmune egg protein (Calf-Pro Plus and Calf Life, C and E Agri Products, Baldwin, ND) added directly to the milk replacer at each feeding. Control calves were fed the milk replacer only. Treatment did not influence the performance of Holstein calves. Among calves that voluntarily refused milk replacer, prophylactic calves refused less (P = 0.005) than control calves over the first 4 d of life. Prophylactic treatment reduced the incidence of enteric morbidity (25.0 vs. 51.1% for prophylactic and control calves, respectively; P = 0.011). However, treatment did not influence either total peripheral leukocyte or differential counts. Furthermore, hematocrit and plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, cortisol, glucose, and urea nitrogen were not different between treatments. Last, ex vivo innate immune responses evaluated at 21 d of age were not different between treatments. Calves fed the combination of prebiotics, probiotics, and hyperimmune egg protein rejected less milk replacer during the first 4 d of the experiment and had fewer days with enteric morbidity than did the control calves.
Lean production for technology management: Increasing production, reducing waste and quality improvement strategies in a plastic bags manufacturing facility

Given the pressures generated by the global economy, the manufacturing sector is faced with the problem of continually improving production rates and quality while cutting costs. The pressures are especially keen in the smaller manufacturing plants where resources are scant, margins are small, and skilled labor is in short supply. The introduction of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in recent years has proven to be an important innovation to the production process, resulting in improved production and quality. However, any manufacturing process is subject to a large number of factors that are not necessarily sensitive to or controlled by a PLC. The application of relatively simple algorithms reflecting the complexity of a given production process is not likely. This project focused on a small manufacturer of plastic bags to identify the critical and non-critical factors of production and develop a strategy for the firm to manage those critical factors in order to improve production rates and quality while decreasing waste. This required the mapping of the production process, the identification of those elements that have the greatest impact on production rate and quality, and the development of a technology management system to monitor and control these sensitive elements. A systems dynamics model describing the production system abstract relationships was also developed as a tool for determining cost, quality, and schedule impacts and an enterprise perspective of the ROIC of the production system. The results of the project demonstrated a strategy that could achieve all three objectives for the company, namely increased productivity, quality, and reduced waste, all of which drive bottom line financial improvements, a key performance outcome in any lean enterprise.
Ganciclovir Therapy for Cytomegalovirus Infections in Recipients of Bone Marrow Transplants and Other Immunosuppressed Patients

The efficacy and safety of ganciclovir were evaluated for the treatment of 39 life-threatening or sight-threatening cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in recipients of bone marrow transplants (15 patients), recipients of liver or renal transplants (8 patients), patients with AIDS (11 patients), and one patient each with lymphoma or systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-eight (72%) of 39 CMV infections improved during ganciclovir therapy, which was associated with elimination of CMV from cultures. Improvement occurred more frequently in patients with viremia, fever, and wasting (8 of 8), hepatitis (3 of 4), retinitis (5 of 5), or colitis (1 of 1), than in patients with pneumonia (11 of 21). Only two of nine marrow transplant recipients with CMV pneumonia survived, as compared with nine of 12 other immunosuppressed patients with pneumonia. However, all six marrow transplant recipients who were treated for CMV viremia, fever, and wasting without pneumonia survived. Neutropenia was the only adverse reaction associated with ganciclovir therapy and was more frequent in patients with AIDS (6 [55%] of 11) than in transplant recipients (5 [20%] of 25). These results suggest that ganciclovir is of clinical benefit for immunosuppressed patients with serious CMV infections. For bone marrow transplant recipients, ganciclovir may be more effective when used prophylactically or earlier in the course of CMV infection before the development of pneumonia.
Rectus muscle plication using an adjustable suture technique

Purpose Rectus muscle plication is an alternative muscle-strengthening procedure to rectus muscle resection. Possible advantages of rectus muscle plication include a lower risk of "lost" muscles and anterior segment ischemia. Methods This was a retrospective case series describing a surgical procedure for rectus muscle plication using an adjustable suture technique that can be used on any of the four rectus muscles. Results A total of 5 adult patients underwent adjustable suture plication procedures. Of these, 2 patients required suture adjustment postoperatively. At the final follow-up visit, all the patients maintained satisfactory ocular alignment within 6 Δ of orthotropia for horizontal deviations and 2 Δ of orthotropia for vertical deviations. Diplopia was eliminated in all cases with preoperative diplopia. There were no postoperative complications or unexpected shifts in ocular alignment. Conclusions Rectus muscle plication using this adjustable suture technique may serve as an alternative to rectus muscle resection and may be particularly useful in patients who are at risk for anterior segment ischemia or those in whom a shorter anesthesia time is recommended.
Crime and Punishment: The Reputational Consequences of Withdrawal from VC Syndicates

Traditional research has regarded reputation as an intangible asset directly shaped by the focal actor’s track record. In contrast, we advance the argument of the dyadic nature of reputation: one can have different reputations with different actors depending on the interaction of three major subprocesses – awareness, interpretation and re-evaluation – mediating the link between behavior and reputation. Awareness – the alter’s extent of knowledge of the past behavior of the ego – is determined by the proximity between the alter and the ego, as well as their centrality in the interorganizational network. Interpretation – the alter’s processing of the known information to make inferences about the ego’s character – is determined by the presumed root cause for the behaviors in question. Finally, reevaluation – the change in alter’s prior beliefs about the ego as a result of the interpreted information about the ego’s behavior – is determined by the alter’s prior experiences of the ego: in particular, when tha...
Evaluation of Clouds and Their Radiative Effects Simulated by the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model Against Satellite Observations

Abstract Cloud climatology and the cloud radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) simulated by the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model (CAM2) are compared with satellite observations of cloud amount from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and cloud forcing data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The comparison is facilitated by using an ISCCP simulator in the model as a run-time diagnostic package. The results show that in both winter and summer seasons, the model substantially underestimated total cloud amount in the storm tracks and in the subtropical dry regions of the two hemispheres, and it overestimated total cloud amount in the tropical convection centers. The model, however, simulates reasonable cloud radiative forcing at the TOA at different latitudes. The differences of cloud vertical structures and their optical properties are analyzed between the model and the data for three regions selected to represent the storm tracks: the convective Tropi...
Stochastically resilient design of H ∞ observers for discrete-time nonlinear systems

A linear matrix inequality based Hinfin- type state observer design approach is presented for smooth discrete time nonlinear systems with finite energy disturbances. This observer is designed to maintain disturbance attenuation performance in case of randomly varying perturbations in its gain. A linear matrix inequality is used at each time instant to find the time-varying gain of the observer. Simulation studies are included to explore the performance in comparison to the extended Kalman filter.
Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical neoplasia: a case-control study

A case control design has been used to investigate risk factors associated with the development of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in a population of urban women in which non-affluent minority groups were heavily represented. Eighty-five women with histologically confirmed SIL were compared to a control group of 70 cytologically normal women. HPV infection was determined using both Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification specific for HPV types 16, 18, and 33. When Southern blot was used to detect HPV, logistic regression analysis identified HPV infection (odds ratio (OR) = 17.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.2-51.6) and low educational achievement (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2-10.1) as major independent risk factors. When PCR was employed to detect HPV, the logistic regression model suggested that HPV infection (OR = 10.4, 95% CI = 3.6-30.4) and Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 1.2-20.5) represented independent risk factors; low educational achievement and Black ethnicity were risk factors of borderline significance. PCR detection of simultaneous co-infection with more than one HPV type was associated with a very high risk of SIL (OR for one type = 7.2, 95% CI = 2.4-21.9; OR for greater than I type = 43.0, 95% CI = 6.9-266.6). Furthermore, increased viral load determined by either method carried an increased risk of disease. HPV infection with viral types previously reported to be related to neoplastic or dysplastic lesions carried the highest risk of SIL. The association of HPV detected by Southern blot and SIL in women less than 35 years old had an OR of 10.1, whereas in women greater than or equal to 35 the OR was 74.5 (p = 0.09 for homogeneity of ORs). We conclude that infection with HPV is the major risk factor for cervical SIL and suggest that targeted HPV screening of women over age 35 may represent an innovative strategy to detect women at high risk of cervical neoplasia.
MACROGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND PATTERNS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA) FROM ALASKA TO JAPAN

Abstract We examined sequence variation in the control region of the mitochondrial genome from 778 seals sampled at 161 locations from northern Japan to southeastern Alaska to learn more about the evolutionary history and population structure of, and effects of recent declines on genetic diversity in, harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the northern Pacific Ocean. High haplotypic diversity (H = 0.975) and a poorly resolved mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) phylogeny suggest that harbor seals in the Pacific underwent a rapid expansion in population size in their recent evolutionary past, possibly after the retreat of Pleistocene ice sheets. Weak phylogeographic partitioning of lineages attests to a complex evolutionary and demographic history of contemporary Pacific populations. Extensive macrogeographic subdivision was evident among a subset of grouped localities that represent centers of abundance along the distributional continuum. Heterogeneity was influenced by population size and correlated with geographic d...
Desi Fifteen Years Later

AbstractThe implementation of the Drug Efficacy Study recommendations of the Panels of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs was announced and explained on January 23, 1968. Because of limited resources, other priorities, and especially of litigation, the three years originally allotted to the problem are now fifteen with another one and one-half years to go. The over-the-counter drug review and the Abbreviated New Drug Application programs are now being reviewed independently. Ninety-four percent of the project has been finalized, with 68.5% of those completed effective for all claims and 31.5% lacking substantial evidence of effectiveness for all indications.
U.S. nuclear strategy: theory vs. practice

Theorists and consultants have had little impact on the development of nuclear weapons policies. Rather, strategic planning should be seen as a governmental process, carried out largely by military officers and civilian bureaucrats.
Ecophysiology of the polyploid shrub Atriplex canescens (Chenopodiaceae) growing in situ in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

Diurnal profiles of gas exchange, leaf temperature, and stem xylem pressure potentials were measured at three field sites where plants representative of diploid (2n = 18), tetraploid (2n = 36) or hexaploid (2n = 54) cytotypes of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) occurred together in various combinations. Results indicated that differences among cytotypes in leaf morphology were related to differences in leaf temperatures, net photosynthesis, leaf conductances, and internal CO2 concentrations. Mean area per leaf for diploids was 0·228 cm2, for tetraploids 0·427 cm2, and for hexaploids 0·613 cm2. Leaf temperatures of diploids were consistently 1–5°C higher than the other cytotypes. In contrast, leaf temperatures of hexaploids were at or below ambient levels while leaf temperatures of tetraploids were intermediate to the other cytotypes. Photosynthetic rates of diploids decreased rapidly when leaf temperatures approached 37°C, and 63% of the variation of photosynthesis was accounted for by leaf temperatures. Increasing internal CO2 levels in diploids indicated internal limitations to CO2 uptake in the mesophyll were responsible for depressed photosynthesis. In contrast, photosynthesis of tetraploids and hexaploids was largely unaffected by leaf temperatures. Higher leaf temperatures in diploids were also translated into higher conductances and lower water-use efficiency (WUE) than the other cytotypes. Tetraploids and hexaploids had higher WUE that were related to either lower conductances, increased photosynthesis, or a combination of reduced conductances and higher photosynthesis. The intermediate leaf form and physiology of tetraploids may represent a compromise to diploids and hexaploids.
PET: Widening Role Evaluating Infections: Used to detect cancers, positron emission tomography also pinpoints infections and localized inflammatory responses

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and PET that is used in combination with computerized tomography (CT), which is based on conventional X rays arrayed in three dimensions, are powerful imaging methods that can overcome several shortcomings of other noninvasive imaging techniques when detecting infections and sites of inflammation in patients. These powerful techniques are already proving helpful for clinicians treating patients who are infected with a range of pathogenic microorganisms.
Effectiveness of Certain Organophosphorus Insecticides Against Chlorinated Hydrocarbon-Resistant Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm Larvae

Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), EPN ( O ethyl- O-p -nitrophenyl phenylphos-phonothioate), malathion, and methyl parathion were tested for effectiveness against larvae of the bollworm; Heliothiz zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworn H. virescens (F.), known to be resistant to certain chlorinated hydrocarbon and carbamate insecticides. Each of the insecticides showed a relatively high order of toxicity to H. zea. All were more effective against H. zea than H. virescens.
Conjugated NDI-donor polymers: Exploration of donor size and electrostatic complementarity

Conjugated donor–acceptor copolymers comprised of electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) linked to a series of relatively electron-rich aromatics via ethynyl spacers were synthesized and characterized. While LUMO levels remained constant at −3.75 eV, HOMO levels were sensitive to the relatively electron-rich aromatic donors and systematically tuned from −5.68 to −5.17 eV. Regardless of the electron-rich comonomer, fluorescence and X-ray diffraction data were consistent with the polymer chains being assembled through the stacking of NDI moieties in an offset face-to-face fashion rather than alternating donor–acceptor stacks.
Sourcing reseach on rare serotype Salmonella diarhea in Shanghai

[Objective] To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of some rare serotype Salmonella with pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) in Shanghai. [Methods] 22 strains of Salmonella including seven serotypes were isolated from different sources.PFGE were performed by genomic DNA digestion with Xba I restriction enzyme.[Results] Significant difference were expressed between two strains of Salmonella Lexington and two strains of Salmonella Hvittingfoss in electrophoretogram map.Homology were expressed in electrophoretogram map for two strains of Salmonella Montevideo,two trains of Salmonella Langensalza,two strains of Salmonella Uppsala,five strains of Salmonella Schwarzenground and foure strains of Salmonella Pomona. [Conclusion] The epidemic strains of rare serotype Salmonella and Salmonella strains in food are expressed either as homology or non-homology in Shanghai.To make a comprehensive surveillance and real-time molecule typing analysis can predict the epidemic of rare serotype Salmonella.
Analysis on Resistance Status of 279 Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Objective The purpose of the study was to understand the resistance status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drug in Yunnan province, and to provide evidence for tuberculosis(TB) control. Methods The proportional method was used in drug sensitivity test according to the guidelines recommending by WHO. Results Of 301 mycobacterial isolates, 279(92.7%) strains were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC). The total drug resistance rate was 31.5%(88/279),the initial drug resistance rate of M. tuberculosis was 27.3%, and the acquired drug resistance rate was 44.3%. The drug resistance rates to INH,RFP,EMB and SM were 19.7%,10.8%,12.9% and 19.0%,respectively. The multi-drug resistance(MDR) rate was 9.3%. Conclusion The drug resistant rate of M. tuberculosis is still high in Yunnan province,and TB control is still a long way to go. Early detection and regular treatment should be done for MDR patients. Drug resistance monitoring as an important part of TB control programs should be regular observation and research.
Current Status on Low Temperature Co-fired MnZn Ferrites

MnZn ferrite is widely used in the electronics industry.The low temperature co-firing between MnZn ferrite and silver electrode is the key to achieve the technique of passive integrated components.In this paper,the factors which influence the low temperature sintering of MnZn ferrite are analyzed,the relative achievement about low temperature co-fired MnZn ferrite around the present world is introduced emphatically.Lastly,the development tendency of low temperature co-fired MnZn ferrites is mentioned.
Alice Kang. Bargaining for Women’s Rights: Activism in an Aspiring Muslim Democracy

In Alice Kang’s Bargaining for Women’s Rights: Activism in an Aspiring Muslim Democracy, readers are introduced to the contentious debates about the inclusion of women’s rights policy in Niger. Bas...
Role of the Community and Community-Based Participatory Research in Elder Abuse

Engaging disadvantaged communities in health disparities research is recognized as a paradigm shift in increasing the real-world relevance of epidemiological research. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, in particular, has shown great promise in ameliorating behavioral health disparities in the subpopulations who are faced with elevated risks of violence, including child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, and elder abuse. Empirical evidence consistently supported the need for integrating community perspectives in understanding the persistent age, gender, racial, and socio-demographic and economic characteristics of health disparities in violence. However, few CBPR researchers have embarked on the epidemics of the abuse toward older adults, an equally alarming human rights violation. Elder abuse, also referred to as elder mistreatment, affects vulnerable older adults of all backgrounds. With particular attention to elder abuse, this chapter aims to critically review the theoretical and pragmatic rationales of engaging minority communities in health disparities research. We highlight the contribution of CBPR approach in better understanding the epidemiology of elder abuse including prevalence, risk, and protective factors, as well as intervention and prevention strategies, all of which are critically embedded in the social, cultural, and environmental contexts in which elder abuse arises. We summarize researchers’ lessons learned and challenges faced in adopting CBPR principles into the practice of elder abuse research from working with racial and ethnic minority older adults. Moreover, this chapter discusses the significant policy and practice implications in transforming the culture of unilateral academic into collaborative research partnerships with diverse communities. We believe that reflective mutual-learning, or cultural humility, remains the key component in sustaining the impact of research in bringing about social change and health equity.
Cationic rhenium(III) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and reactivity for hydrosilylation of aldehydes

A series of novel cationic Re(III) complexes [(DAAm)Re(CO)(NCCH3)2][X] [DAAm = N,N-bis(2-arylaminoethyl)methylamine; aryl = C6F5 (a), Mes (b)] [X = OTf (2), BArF4 [BArF4 = tetrakis[3,5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate] (3), BF4 (4), PF6 (5)], and their analogue [(DAmA)Re(CO)(Cl)2] [DAmA = N,N-bis(2-arylamineethyl)methylamino; aryl = C6F5] (6) were synthesized. The catalytic efficiency for the hydrosilylation reaction of aldehydes using 4a (0.03 mol%) has been demonstrated to be significantly more active than rhenium catalysts previously reported in the literature. The data suggest that electron-withdrawing substituents at the diamido amine ligand increase the catalytic efficiency of the complexes. Excellent yields were achieved at ambient temperature under neat conditions using dimethylphenylsilane. The reaction affords TONs of up to 9200 and a TOF of up to 126 h−1. Kinetic and mechanistic studies were performed, and the data suggest that the reaction is via a non-hydride ionic hydrosilylation mechanism.
What Role Does Sense of Power Play in Consumers’ Decision Making of Risky Food Consumption While Dining Out?

ABSTRACTOne way to understand risky food consumption is to look at the influence of the sense of power, as well as optimism bias. The purpose of this study was to examine how the sense of power affects consumers’ intention to consume risky foods by assessing the direct relationship between their sense of power and subsequent consumption of risky foods, and investigating the indirect relationship between sense of power and risky food consumption with general optimism bias or food safety optimism bias as a mediating variable. A web-based questionnaire with 387 responses was used to test the hypotheses and the indirect relationships from the sense of power to intention to consume risky foods via food safety optimism. Findings indicate the theoretical implication of a new variable (food safety optimism) that is useful in understanding the relationship between the sense of power and risky food consumption. Results also offer practical implications on better ways to market raw or undercooked foods to potential ...
The Contribution of Gender to Personal Identity in the Southern Scandinavian Mesolithic

In the western world, gender has long been seen as a fundamental structuring principle of identity formation, if not the most important defining characteristic of personhood. This view of the centrality of gender to personal identity has become increasingly widespread over recent centuries. Western folk notions of the overweening importance of gender influenced the development of nineteenth and twentieth century scholarly,medical and scientific discourses about gender. During the same period, western conceptions of gender were projected onto non-western societies as well. Thus the belief that gender—narrowly conceived as a set of precisely two non-overlapping categories of bodies—must be inherently central to identity has achieved remarkable scope and influence throughout the world in recent times. Marginalization has been the fate of alternative definitions of gender
Lactation Assessment Tools: A Qualitative Analysis of Registered Nurses’ Perceptions of Tool Limitations and Suggested Improvements:

Background Several lactation assessment tools are available for in-hospital assessment of breastfeeding dyads, and their components vary widely. To date, no research has evaluated the perceptions of registered nurses (RNs) regarding the limitations and future improvements of these tools. Research Aim The aim was to describe RNs' perceptions of the limitations of currently used lactation assessment tools and how these tools could be enhanced. Methods Focus groups ( n = 7) were conducted with RNs ( N = 28) whose current responsibilities included in-hospital breastfeeding assessment. Recruitment occurred from April through July 2015 at regional and international lactation conferences. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Two lactation researchers analyzed the transcripts to identify emerging themes and subthemes. Results RNs identified three key limitations of the tools included being too subjective and time-consuming, difficulty in assessing audible swallows, and missing the big picture (e.g., overemphasizing numbers, being a snapshot in time). Suggested improvements focused on maternal characteristics (evolving breasts and nipples, holding it together, "got milk?," risk factors, embracing the role), infant characteristics (day of life, latch/suck/swallow, baby's "driving the bus," risk factors for supplemental feeding), their interaction (two to tango, positioning, better qualitative descriptors), and tool organization (formatting and multiple versions). Conclusions RNs suggested novel components for consideration when developing future lactation assessment scales, including removing audible swallowing, adding mother/infant interactions, infant output, and expressible colostrum, and developing criteria specific to infant age. Future research should translate these suggestions into evidence-based indicators and evaluate the resulting proposed tools for reliability and validity.
Infinitesimal Automorphisms and Basic Forms

Let R be an arbitrary foliation on M (no metric yet to be involved). A vector field Y ∈ ΓTM is an infinitesimal automorphism of F, if $$ [X,Y] \in \Gamma {\text{L}}\,{\text{for}}\,{\text{all}}\,{\text{X}} \in \Gamma {\text{L}} $$ (9.1) .
Eradication: Pipe Dream or Real Option?

Invasive alien plant populations have often been eradicated from very small areas, but pessimism about eradication of widely distributed plants pervades the management community. Contributing to this view are several legendary and expensive failed eradication campaigns, the inconspicuous nature of many plants, the existence of soil seed banks, and the perceived expense of eradication over large areas. However, if several years’ worth of the cost of maintenance management campaigns could instead be devoted to a one-shot, well-funded eradication effort, projects that currently seem impossible might be brought within the range of feasibility. Factors in addition to cost that must be considered are whether adequate lines of authority can compel cooperation and prevent sabotage, whether there is sufficient knowledge of the target species to have identified a feasible approach to eradication that advances the goal of restoration, and the need for intensive monitoring and possible follow-up operations. Especially for PAs, the likelihood of reinvasion from nearby sites is a concern. If an eradication campaign would employ the same general methods as those that would have been used if the goal was maintenance control, there is likely little cost and much potential benefit to attempting eradication. Gradual improvement has occurred in plant eradication programmes through accumulated experience and incremental improvement of longstanding methods. However, the field of invasive plant management (including eradication) has not seen the advent of remarkably innovative new approaches and greatly improved records of eradication success that currently foster optimism and enthusiasm among managers dealing with invasive animals.
Chronic Skin Ulcers

Chronic skin ulceration is a common complication of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and disorders that decrease mobility. Local ulcer care will be successful only if the underlying cause is correctly identified and steps are taken to reverse it. This article reviews the emergency department assessment and management of the patient with chronic skin ulceration.
Correction to: Mercury accumulation, speciation, and temporal trends in Atlantic Stingrays (Hypanus sabinus)

The corrections are: In the 2nd sentence of the Statistical Analyses section, the current sentence lacks important statistical assumption wording.
On the Effects of Restricting Short-Term Investment

We study the effects of policies proposed to address “short-termism” in financial markets. We examine a noisy rational expectations model in which investors’ exposures and information about fundamentals endogenously vary across horizons. In this environment, taxing or outlawing short-term investment doesn’t negatively affect the information in prices about long-term fundamentals. However, such a policy reduces short- and long-term investors’ profits and utility. Changing policies about the release of short-term information can help long-term investors—an objective of some policy makers—at the expense of short-term investors. Doing so also makes prices less informative and increases costs of speculation.Received June 24, 2018; editorial decision February 19, 2019 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
11 – EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary Eigenvalue problems frequently arise in oscillation problems and in stability analysis. In the absence of an external force, the time-dependent small displacement from equilibrium of a conservative mechanical system can be expressed as a superposition of so-called normal modes. Each normal mode is a motion in which all particles move harmonically at a fixed frequency and in phase with one another. An eigenfunction can be multiplied by any constant, the result will still be an eigenfunction. However, the number of linearly independent eigenfunctions associated with each distinct eigenvalue must be finite. The eigenfunctions are orthogonal to one another.
A phase I trial of nab-paclitaxel/bevacizumab (AB160) nano-immunoconjugate therapy for metastatic gynecological malignancies: MC1371 (NCT02020707).

e18097Background: AB160 is a 160 nm nano-immunoconjugate consisting of nab-paclitaxel (NP) nanoparticles non-covalently coated with bevacizumab (BEV) for targeted delivery into tissues expressing h...
CO2 chirped-probe-pulse femtosecond CARS thermometry

Abstract The application of CO2 chirped-probe-pulse (CPP) fs coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) for flame thermometry is discussed. A phenomenological model for CO2/O2 CPP fs CARS was developed and the simulations showed the potential for CO2 temperature measurements free of interferences from O2 and with no contribution from the nonresonant background by using a long time delay for the chirped probe pulse. The accuracy and precision for CO2 CPP fs CARS thermometry is compared with N2 CPP fs CARS thermometry for temperatures between 295 K and 1420 K. The measurement accuracy for the CO2 measurements is comparable with that for the N2 measurements, while the precision for the CO2 temperature measurements is significantly better at lower temperatures. We also demonstrate that accurate flame thermometry using a single set of laser parameters can be achieved using the delayed CPP approach.
Spaces of non-degenerate maps between complex projective spaces

We study the space $${{\,\mathrm{Hol}\,}}_d(\mathbb {CP}^m,\mathbb {CP}^n)$$ of degree d algebraic maps $$\mathbb {CP}^m \rightarrow \mathbb {CP}^n$$ , from the point of view of homological stability as discovered by Segal (Acta Math 143(1–2):39–72, 1979) and later explored by Mostovoy (Topol Appl 45(2):281–293, 2006), Cohen et al. (Acta Math 166:163–221, 1991), Farb and Wolfson (N Y J Math 22:801–821, 2015), and others. In particular, we calculate the $$\mathbb {Q}$$ -cohomology ring explicitly in the case $$m=1$$ , as computed by Kallel and Salvatore (Geom Topol 10:1579–1606, 2006), and stably for when $$m>1$$ . In doing so, we expand a method, previously studied by Crawford (J Differ Geom 38:161–189, 1993), for analyzing spaces of maps $$X \rightarrow \mathbb {CP}^n$$ by introducing subvarieties of non-degenerate functions that approximate the desired cohomologies both integrally and rationally in different ways. We also prove, when $$m=n$$ , that the orbit space $${{\,\mathrm{Rat}\,}}_d(\mathbb {CP}^m,\mathbb {CP}^m)/{{\,\mathrm{PGL}\,}}_{m+1}(\mathbb {C})$$ under the action on the target is $$\mathbb {Q}$$ -acyclic up through dimension $$d-2$$ , partially generalizing a calculation of Milgram (Topology 36(5):1155–1192, 1997).
Combining two implementation strategies to increase reach for tobacco treatment with cancer patients: Ask-Advise-Connect and closing care gaps.

242Background: Tobacco treatment is an important component of cancer care, and pragmatic strategies are needed. The University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center (UCD CCC) was selected...
The Mid-network Mayfly Maxima (MMM): A General Pattern of Mayfly (Ephemeroptera) Species Richness Within Drainage Networks and What We Can Learn From It

For the last 93 years mayfly diversity has been studied at all taxonomic levels from families to populations and all spatial and temporal scales. This has resulted in the description of almost every possible pattern with regard to latitude, elevation, habitat, climate, and season. However, if the focus is on species and sampling restricted to nymphs and the spatial scale limited to drainage networks, then a single recurring pattern appears—the hump-shaped Mid-network Mayfly Maxima (MMM). Past studies have attempted to explain this hump-shaped pattern with regards to some combination of ecologic, hydrologic, climatic, anthropogenic, or historic variables. There is wide agreement that some of these variables are important to the occurrence and distribution of individual species, but there is no consensus as to what combination of these variables comprises the best general explanation of the humped-shaped pattern. Because of the lack of agreement on how to explain this recurring pattern for mayflies and an unwillingness to acknowledge it as a general feature of drainage networks, where mayflies occur, we have become stuck trying to tease out a cause and have failed to recognize that although knowing a cause is important it may not be relevant to the broader use of this information for biomonitoring, climate monitoring, habitat management, and conservation now. I believe that there is sufficient evidence that the MMM exists and occurs in almost every major drainage system and is reasonably predictable using basic attributes of drainage networks pertinent to the aquatic life stage (nymphs). Herein I will summarize pertinent studies that support this contention; reexamine some results from one of the most comprehensive recent studies that included mayfly taxa along altitudinal gradients in North America by Gill et al. (2014), as well as a test dataset from a river in western Maine, USA; comment on information needed to estimate the location of MMM in any drainage network and how the MMM can be used; and discuss how the extent of common vs. rare species affect the perceptions of the regional species pool and the MMM.
GPU-based security of password hashing in cloud computing

Abstract Cloud computing paradigm, one of the rich standards for computing environment to deliver the services over the Internet with multiple features including robustness of services. The expeditious growth of cloud computing demand has raised a greater concern for security threats. Nowadays, security is considered as one of the major parameters for obtaining services in any Cloud platform. The discussion is on external attacks towards cryptographic systems in general. It includes password hashing schemes based on the hash functions then explore GPU's performance over MD5-crypt. Henceforth, the research proposal presents here with a GPU-based integrated technique for password hashing in cloud environment.
Baseline characteristics of systemic sclerosis patients with restrictive lung disease in a multi-center US-based longitudinal registry

AIM Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of disease-related death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here, we assess baseline characteristics of SSc subjects with and without restrictive lung disease (RLD) in a multi-center, US-based registry. METHODS SSc patients within 5 years of disease onset were enrolled in the Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER), a multi-center US-based registry of SSc study participants (age ≥ 18 years) enrolled at 13 expert centers. All subjects met 2013 American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Subjects with a pulmonary function test (PFT) at baseline before April 1, 2020 were included. High-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest was not available to characterize ILD for all subjects. RLD was defined as forced vital capacity (FVC) <80% or total lung capacity (TLC) <80% predicted. RESULTS There were 160 (45%) SSc subjects characterized as having RLD. There was no significant difference in age, gender or disease duration. RLD subjects had a mean disease duration from date of first non-Raynaud's symptom of 2.6 years and a mean FVC% predicted of 67% at baseline. In multivariable analysis, non-White race, higher physician global health assessment and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scores, were independently associated with RLD. In the subgroup of RLD subjects with ILD, ILD had a negative correlation with RNA polymerase III antibody. CONCLUSION CONQUER is the largest, multi-center, prospective cohort of early SSc patients in the US. Non-White race was independently associated with RLD. In addition, 45% of CONQUER subjects already had RLD, highlighting the importance of screening for SSc-ILD at initial diagnosis.
A MPEG Decoder in SHIM

The emergence of world-wide standards for video compression has created a demand for design tools and simulation resources to support algorithm research and new product development. Because of the need for subjective study in the design of video compression algorithms it is essential that flexible yet computationally efficient tools be developed. For this project, we plan to implement a MPEG standard using the SHIM programming language. The SHIM is a software/hardware integration language whose aim is to provide communication between hardware and software while providing deterministic concurrency. The focus of this project will be to emphasize the efficiency of the SHIM language in embedded applications as compared to other existing implementations
Pulmonary Risk Assessment and Management

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) include atelectasis, bronchospasm, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and respiratory failure. The reported incidence varies widely, with estimates ranging from 2 % up to 30 % of patients undergoing general anesthesia in different reports. Although greater attention is given to cardiovascular risk stratification, PPCs are likely more common and costly than cardiovascular complications and incur substantial morbidity and mortality. Compared with cardiovascular risk stratification, fewer well-validated tools are available to predict PPCs. However, physicians need to be vigilant of the consequences and the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.