cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Regulatory Compliance in Beer Advertising on Facebook.

Aims The prevalence of alcohol advertising has been growing on social media platforms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol advertising on Facebook for regulatory compliance and thematic content. Methods A total of 50 Budweiser and Bud Light ads posted on Facebook within 1 month of the 2015 NFL Super Bowl were evaluated for compliance with a self-regulated alcohol advertising code and for thematic content. An exploratory sensitivity/specificity analysis was conducted to determine if thematic content could predict code violations. Results The code violation rate was 82%, with violations prevalent in guidelines prohibiting the association of alcohol with success (Guideline 5) and health benefits (Guideline 3). Overall, 21 thematic content areas were identified. Displaying the product (62%) and adventure/sensation seeking (52%) were the most prevalent. There was perfect specificity (100%) for 10 content areas for detecting any code violation (animals, negative emotions, positive emotions, games/contests/promotions, female characters, minorities, party, sexuality, night-time, sunrise) and high specificity (>80%) for 10 content areas for detecting violations of guidelines intended to protect minors (animals, negative emotions, famous people, friendship, games/contests/promotions, minorities, responsibility messages, sexuality, sunrise, video games). Conclusions The high prevalence of code violations indicates a failure of self-regulation to prevent potentially harmful content from appearing in alcohol advertising, including explicit code violations (e.g. sexuality). Routine violations indicate an unwillingness to restrict advertising content for public health purposes, and statutory restrictions may be necessary to sufficiently deter alcohol producers from repeatedly violating marketing codes. Short summary Violations of a self-regulated alcohol advertising code are prevalent in a sample of beer ads published on Facebook near the US National Football League's Super Bowl. Overall, 16 thematic content areas demonstrated high specificity for code violations. Alcohol advertising codes should be updated to expressly prohibit the use of such content.
Towards an Understanding of the Evolution (Fate and Transport) of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

ABSTRACT 2017-192 While examination of the question “what happened to the oil?” has been undertaken on other oil spills, the wealth of data from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident presents a uniqu...
Role of Calcium in the Coagulation of NOM with Ferric Chloride

Natural organic matter (NOM) is capable of interfering with Fe hydrolysis and influencing the size, morphology, and identity of Fe precipitates. Conversely, Ca2+ raises surface potential and increases the size and aggregation of Fe precipitates, leading to more effective coagulation and widening the pH range of water treatment. Experiments and modeling were conducted to investigate the significance of the Fe/NOM ratio and the presence of Ca2+ in coagulation. At the high Fe/NOM ratio, sufficient or excess Fe was available for NOM removal, and coagulation proceeded according to expectations based upon the literature. At the low Fe/NOM ratio, however, NOM inhibited Fe hydrolysis, reduced zeta potential, and suppressed the formation of filterable Fe flocs, thereby interfering with NOM removal. In these dose-limited systems without Ca2+, complexation of Fe species by NOM appears to be the mechanism by which coagulation is disrupted. Equilibrating NOM with 1 mM Ca2+ in dose-limited systems prior to dosing with ...
DAWBA: de nieuwe poortwachter van de jeugd-ggz?

Momenteel spelen lokale jeugd- en gezinsteams een belangrijk rol in de vroege signalering en indicatiestelling van psychologische hulp aan kinderen. De DAWBA (Developmental And Well-Being Assessment) is een instrument dat dit proces op een toegankelijke en efficiente manier kan ondersteunen. In dit pilotonderzoek is de mogelijke toegevoegde waarde van de DAWBA onderzocht, waaruit bleek dat de aanvankelijk gegeven adviezen werden aangepast nadat de via de DAWBA verkregen informatie beschikbaar was gesteld. Opname van de DAWBA in de gebruikelijke werkwijze werd zeer gewaardeerd.
Reactions to Both Nonionic Iodinated and Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media: Incidence and Clinical Characteristics.

OBJECTIVE. The objective or our study was to assess the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of allergiclike reactions in patients who received both nonionic iodinated contrast medium (ICM) and gadolinium-based contrast medium (GBCM). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Acute allergiclike reactions in patients who received both ICM and GBCM to nonionic ICM or GBCM injections during a 5-year period were analyzed. Allergy preparation was not administered when patients received a different type of contrast material. Acute allergiclike reactions to both ICM and GBCM were evaluated. RESULTS. Of 302,858 contrast injections (155,234 ICM and 147,624 GBCM) during a 5-year period, 1006 (752 ICM and 254 GBCM) acute allergiclike contrast reactions were reported. The overall rate of reaction to ICM was 0.48% (95% CI, 0.45–0.52%), and the overall rate of reaction to GBCM was 0.17% (95% CI, 0.15–0.19%). A total of 19,237 patients received at least one ICM injection and one GBCM injection, with a total of 56,310 injections (19...
Hyaluronan in the bovine ocular anterior segment, with emphasis on the outflow pathways

Purpose It has been postulated that glycosaminoglycans play a role in the regulation of outflow resistance. The purpose of these studies was to localize the distribution of hyaluronan (HA) in the anterior segments of bovine eyes to understand better the possible role of HA in the outflow pathway. Methods Eyes from four 2-week-old calves and four 1-year-old cows were examined using a biotinylated-hyaluronan binding protein to localize HA in tissue sections of the anterior segment of bovine eyes. Various fixations and microwave irradiation were compared. The vitreous body in each section served as a positive control. Sections treated with Streptomyces hyaluronidase were used to confirm specificity. Results No significant difference in distribution of HA was found between various fixations and between calves and cows. HA was found in subconjunctival connective tissue and in intercellular spaces of limbal and conjunctival epithelium, but not in corneal epithelium. Staining was sometimes found on the surface of the corneal epithelium and endothelium, as well as on the conjunctival epithelium. No staining was found within the corneal stroma. There was HA in iris stroma, but not in the root of the iris or ciliary body stroma. HA was present in the anterior, nonfiltering part of the trabecular meshwork (TM) and surrounding collector channels and blood vessels in the sclera; to a lesser extent, it was present in the juxtacanalicular region of the TM. HA was detectable neither within trabecular beams nor filling the intertrabecular spaces. Strong staining was found, however, in the nerve bundles in the angle region. Staining for HA in vitreous was invariably positive, and in Streptomyces hyaluronidase-treated sections it was negative. Conclusion HA was not uniformly distributed in the bovine TM. The distribution of HA in the flow pathway of the aqueous outflow system indicates that only a small fraction of the HA found in biochemical analyses of the bovine meshwork is located in the region where the flow resistance is thought to reside.
Constitution-Making As Transnational Legal Ordering

This framework introductory chapter to our book Constitution-Making and Transnational Legal Order (CUP 2019) addresses the transnational flow of ideas and institutions that shape how national constitutions are made. It examines the array of transnational influences, actors, and ideas that provide the very grammar for constitutional projects. The introduction first traces the history of transnational constitution-making to counteract the powerful myth that constitutions reflect exclusively national content and processes. It then lays out the theoretical framework of “transnational legal orders” developed by Halliday and Shaffer and applies it to processes of transnational legal ordering in the making of national constitutions. After summarizing the book’s case studies, the chapter assesses the ways that the case studies contribute to theorizing about the rise and fall of transnational legal orders.
Disability status and prescription drug misuse among U.S. adults.

Abstract Background The U.S. is in the midst of a public health crisis related to drug overdose deaths. Largely responsible for the dramatic increase in overdose deaths is the misuse of prescription drugs such as opioids and benzodiazepines. While much research attention has focused on correlates of prescription drug misuse in recent years, notable gaps in the literature remain. The current research addresses one of these gaps by examining the relationship between disability status and prescription drug misuse. Method We examine data from the 2015 National Survey on Drug use and Health, a leading source of epidemiological data on drug use in the United States that added questions related to disability status to the 2015 survey. The current research assessed the relationship between disability status (i.e. activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living) and prescription drug misuse (i.e. opioids and benzodiazepines) among adults. Results Findings from multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that a disability related to activities of daily living was correlated with opioid misuse, while a disability associated with instrumental activities of daily living was associated with benzodiazepine misuse and misuse of both. In addition, health related measures had a greater impact on the relationship between disability status and prescription drug misuse than did the social engagement/isolation measures. Conclusion Findings indicated that disability status is a significant correlate of prescription drug misuse. However, this relationship was largely mediated by measures associated with poor health and social engagement/isolation.
Trinidad Barrera (ed.), Dos obras singulares de la prosa novohispana. Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 2015; 151 pp. (Cuadernos de América sin nombre, 36).

El libro que aqui se resena tiene su origen en un Simposio llevado a cabo los dias 16 y 17 de marzo de 2015 en la Universidad de Sevilla. Su aparicion muestra la saludable relacion entre la Academia y el Estado...
Determination of Contact Conductance Across Bare Bolted Joints Using Interface Pressure Distributions

With the continual reduction in the size of electronic parts, high heat flux densities are common. It is therefore essential that heat flow paths from the electronic part to the mounting surface provide a low resistance so as to keep the part junction temperature below its maximum allowable value. Proper cooling of electronic boxes therefore includes a high interface conductance between the box and its mounting surface. This is especially true for spacecraft that operate in a vacuum environment where high heat fluxes are transferred to the mounting surfaces primarily by conduction with radiation usually providing only a secondary effect.
Selbst. Achtsam. Managen

Schneller, hoher, weiter – so lautet die Maxime des modernen Lebens. Anerkennung, Titel und Status sind fur viele das Nonplusultra und das personliche Ziel auf dem individuellen Weg.
Recurrent/Intermittent Vaginal and Rectal Chlamydial Infection Following Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study Among Female Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Patients.

Background Rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is common among clinic-attending women, but little is known about clearance and health implications of rectal CT. Methods At the municipal sexually transmitted disease clinic in Seattle, Washington, in 2017-2018, we enrolled women at high risk for urogenital CT into an 8-week prospective study. Women received standard CT treatment at enrollment. Women self-collected daily rectal and vaginal specimens for nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and completed weekly sexual exposure diaries. We performed CT culture on the enrollment rectal specimen. Results We enrolled 50 women; 13 (26%) tested positive for vaginal (n = 11) and/or rectal (n = 11) CT. Sixty percent of women with rectal CT per NAAT were also culture positive. Median time to CT clearance after azithromycin treatment was 8.0 days for vaginal CT and 7.0 days for rectal CT. Eight women with rectal CT at enrollment had at least 1 rectal CT-positive NAAT after clearance of the initial infection; none reported anal sex. Conclusions Most NAAT-positive rectal infections were culture positive, suggesting active infection. Time to NAAT clearance of rectal and genital tract CT was similar, and intermittent rectal CT positivity was common in the absence of anal sexual exposure. The cause of recurrent/intermittent rectal CT and the clinical implications of these infections require further study.
The changing social context of speech perception: Comparisons across age and time

Beliefs about talkers' social-group membership affect how listeners perceive their speech: listeners identify phonemes differently depending on whether they believe that the talker was a man or a woman (Strand and Johnson, 1996; Munson, 2011), whether the talker was young or old (Drager, 2011), and whether the talker is gay or straight (Mack and Munson, 2012). These social influences are thought to reflect knowledge of social norms associated with categories such as gender, age, and sexuality. Social norms themselves are subject to change. For example, attitudes toward gay and lesbian people have changed dramatically in the past 15 years. For example, a strong majority of young adults now report having a positive view of sexual minorities. This talk reports on ongoing studies in our lab that have examined whether changes in social norms about gender and sexual orientation are associated with changes in how talkers' gender and sexual orientation affect listeners' speech perception (Obeda and Munson, 2018; Obeda et al., 2018). We have found robust differences between archival data from our lab from 2003 and both older and younger listeners tested in 2018. This talk will discuss the implications of these findings for models of speech perception more generally.Beliefs about talkers' social-group membership affect how listeners perceive their speech: listeners identify phonemes differently depending on whether they believe that the talker was a man or a woman (Strand and Johnson, 1996; Munson, 2011), whether the talker was young or old (Drager, 2011), and whether the talker is gay or straight (Mack and Munson, 2012). These social influences are thought to reflect knowledge of social norms associated with categories such as gender, age, and sexuality. Social norms themselves are subject to change. For example, attitudes toward gay and lesbian people have changed dramatically in the past 15 years. For example, a strong majority of young adults now report having a positive view of sexual minorities. This talk reports on ongoing studies in our lab that have examined whether changes in social norms about gender and sexual orientation are associated with changes in how talkers' gender and sexual orientation affect listeners' speech perception (Obeda and Munson, 2018; ...
Comparing Different Graphlet Measures for Evaluating Network Model Fits to BioGRID PPI Networks

The network structure of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks has been studied for over a decade. Many theoretical models have been proposed to model PPI networks, but continuing noise and incompleteness in these networks make conclusions difficult. Graphlet-based measures are believed to be among the strongest, most discerning and sensitive network comparison tools available. Several graphlet-based measures have been proposed to measure topological agreement between networks and models, with little work done to compare the measures themselves. The last modeling attempt was 4 years ago; it is time for an update. Using Sept. 2018 BioGRID, we fit eight theoretical models to nine BioGRID networks using four different graphlet-based measures. We find the following: (1) Graph Kernel is the best measure based on ROC and AUPR curves; (2) most graphlet measures disagree on the ordering of the data-model fits, although most agree on the top two (STICKY and Hyperbolic Geometric) and bottom two (ER and GEO) models, in direct contradiction to the 4-years-ago conclusion that GEO models are best; (3) the STICKY model is overall the best fit for these PPI networks but the Hyperbolic Geometric model is a better fit than STICKY on 4 species; and (4) even the best models provide p-values for BioGRID that are many orders of magnitude smaller than 1, thus failing any reasonable hypothesis test. We conclude that in spite of STICKY being the best fit, all BioGRID networks fail all hypothesis tests against all existing models, using all existing graphlet-based measures. Further work is needed to discover whether the data or the models are at fault.
Quasisymmetric dimension distortion of Ahlfors regular subsets of a metric space

We show that if \({f\colon X\to Y}\) is a quasisymmetric mapping between Ahlfors regular spaces, then \({dim_H f(E)\leq dim_H E}\) for “almost every” bounded Ahlfors regular set \({E\subseteq X}\). If additionally, \({X}\) and \({Y}\) are Loewner spaces then \({dim_H f(E)=dim_H E}\) for “almost every" Ahlfors regular set \({E\subset X}\). The precise statements of these results are given in terms of Fuglede’s modulus of measures. As a corollary of these general theorems we show that if \({f}\) is a quasiconformal map of \({\mathbb{R}^N}\), \({N\geq 2}\), then for Lebesgue a.e. \({y\in\mathbb{R}^N}\) we have \({dim_H f(y+E) = dim_H E}\). A similar result holds for Carnot groups as well. For planar quasiconformal maps, our general estimates imply that if \({E \subset {\mathbb{R}}}\) is Ahlfors \({d}\)-regular, \({d < 1}\), then some component of \({f(E \times {\mathbb{R}})}\) has dimension at most \({2/(d+1)}\), and we construct examples to show this bound is sharp. In addition, we show there is a \({1}\)-dimensional set \({S\subseteq \mathbb R}\) and planar quasiconformal map \({f}\) such that \({f({\mathbb{R}} \times S)}\) contains no rectifiable sub-arcs. These results generalize work of Balogh et al. (J Math Pures Appl (2)99:125–149, 2013) and answer questions posed in Balogh et al. (J Math Pures Appl (2)99:125–149, 2013) and Capogna et al. (Mapping theory in metric spaces. http://aimpl.org/mappingmetric, 2016).
Intra-genus metabolic diversity facilitates co-occurrence of multiple Ferrovum species at an acid mine drainage site

ABSTRACT Background Ferrovum spp. are abundant in acid mine drainage sites globally where they play an important role in biogeochemical cycling. All known taxa in this genus are Fe(II) oxidizers. Thus, co-occurring members of the genus could be competitors within the same environment. However, we found multiple, co-occurring Ferrovum spp. in Cabin Branch, an acid mine drainage site in the Daniel Boone National Forest, KY. Results Here we describe the distribution of Ferrovum spp. within the Cabin Branch communities and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of two new Ferrovum spp.. In contrast to previous studies, we recovered multiple 16S rRNA gene sequence variants suggesting the commonly used 97% cutoff may not be appropriate to differentiate Ferrovum spp. We also retrieved two nearly-complete Ferrovum spp. genomes from metagenomic data. The genomes of these taxa differ in several key ways relating to nutrient cycling, motility, and chemotaxis. Conclusions Previously reported Ferrovum genomes are also diverse with respect to these categories suggesting that the genus Ferrovum contains substantial metabolic diversity. This diversity likely explains how the members of this genus successfully co-occur in Cabin Branch and why Ferrovum spp. are abundant across geochemical gradients.
Just community participation and Border environmental governance: a view from the Border 2020 program

Environmental governance in the U.S.- Mexico border region is complex as various jurisdictions intersect from the local, regional, national and transnational scales. Through this complexity, politi...
Current Approaches Targeting the Wound Healing Phases to Attenuate Fibrosis and Scarring

Cutaneous fibrosis results from suboptimal wound healing following significant tissue injury such as severe burns, trauma, and major surgeries. Pathologic skin fibrosis results in scars that are disfiguring, limit normal movement, and prevent patient recovery and reintegration into society. While various therapeutic strategies have been used to accelerate wound healing and decrease the incidence of scarring, recent studies have targeted the molecular regulators of each phase of wound healing, including the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Here, we reviewed the most recent literature elucidating molecular pathways that can be targeted to reduce fibrosis with a particular focus on post-burn scarring. Current research targeting inflammatory mediators, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and regulators of myofibroblast differentiation shows promising results. However, a multimodal approach addressing all three phases of wound healing may provide the best therapeutic outcome.
Directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from twelve supernova remnants in data from Advanced LIGO’s second observing run

We describe directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from twelve well-localized nonpulsing candidate neutron stars in young supernova remnants using data from Advanced LIGO's second observing run. We assumed that each neutron star is isolated and searched a band of frequencies from 15 to 150 Hz, consistent with frequencies expected from known young pulsars. After coherently integrating spans of data ranging from 12.0 to 55.9 days using the $\mathcal{F}$-statistic and applying data-based vetoes, we found no evidence of astrophysical signals. We set upper limits on intrinsic gravitational wave amplitude in some cases stronger than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}25}$, generally about a factor of two better than upper limits on the same objects from Advanced LIGO's first observing run.
Ventilators for Nonintensivists. Basic Ventilator Parameters

As COVID-19 has rapidly evolved into a pandemic, many physicians without prior critical care training are being called upon to help manage SARS-CoV-2 infected patients who develop respiratory failu...
Designing Porous Materials to Resist Compression: Mechanical Reinforcement of a Zr-MOF with Structural Linkers

The performance of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) under mechanical stress is an important consideration in the design, synthesis, and application of MOF materials in both fundamental and industria...
Inter-channel phase differences during sleep spindles are altered in Veterans with PTSD.

Abstract Sleep disturbances are common complaints in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To date, however, objective markers of PTSD during sleep remain elusive. Sleep spindles are distinctive bursts of brain oscillatory activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and have been implicated in sleep protection and sleep-dependent memory processes. In healthy sleep, spindles observed in electroencephalogram (EEG) data are highly synchronized across different regions of the scalp. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the spatiotemporal synchronization patterns between EEG channels during sleep spindles, as quantified by the phase-locking value (PLV) and the mean phase difference (MPD), are altered in PTSD. Using high-density (64-channel) EEG data recorded from 78 combat-exposed Veteran men (31 with PTSD and 47 without PTSD) during two consecutive nights of sleep, we examined group differences in the PLV and MPD for slow (10–13 Hz) and fast (13–16 Hz) spindles separately. To evaluate the reproducibility of our findings, we set apart the first 47 consecutive participants (18 with PTSD) for the initial discovery and reserved the remaining 31 participants (13 with PTSD) for replication analysis. In the discovery analysis, compared to the non-PTSD group, the PTSD group showed smaller MPDs during slow spindles between the frontal and centro-parietal channel pairs on both nights. We obtained reproducible results in the replication analysis in terms of statistical significance and effect size. The PLVs during slow or fast spindles did not significantly differ between groups. The reduced inter-channel phase difference during slow spindles in PTSD may reflect pathological changes in the underlying thalamocortical circuits. This novel finding, if independently validated, may prove useful in developing sleep-focused PTSD diagnostics and interventions.
Patient Trajectories Among Persons Hospitalized for COVID-19 : A Cohort Study.

Background Risk factors for progression of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) to severe disease or death are underexplored in U.S. cohorts. Objective To determine the factors on hospital admission that are predictive of severe disease or death from COVID-19. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Five hospitals in the Maryland and Washington, DC, area. Patients 832 consecutive COVID-19 admissions from 4 March to 24 April 2020, with follow-up through 27 June 2020. Measurements Patient trajectories and outcomes, categorized by using the World Health Organization COVID-19 disease severity scale. Primary outcomes were death and a composite of severe disease or death. Results Median patient age was 64 years (range, 1 to 108 years); 47% were women, 40% were Black, 16% were Latinx, and 21% were nursing home residents. Among all patients, 131 (16%) died and 694 (83%) were discharged (523 [63%] had mild to moderate disease and 171 [20%] had severe disease). Of deaths, 66 (50%) were nursing home residents. Of 787 patients admitted with mild to moderate disease, 302 (38%) progressed to severe disease or death: 181 (60%) by day 2 and 238 (79%) by day 4. Patients had markedly different probabilities of disease progression on the basis of age, nursing home residence, comorbid conditions, obesity, respiratory symptoms, respiratory rate, fever, absolute lymphocyte count, hypoalbuminemia, troponin level, and C-reactive protein level and the interactions among these factors. Using only factors present on admission, a model to predict in-hospital disease progression had an area under the curve of 0.85, 0.79, and 0.79, at day 2, 4, and 7, respectively. Limitation The study was done in a single health care system. Conclusion A combination of demographic and clinical variables is strongly associated with severe COVID-19 disease or death and their early onset. The COVID-19 Inpatient Risk Calculator (CIRC), using factors present on admission, can inform clinical and resource allocation decisions. Primary funding source Hopkins inHealth and COVID-19 Administrative Supplement for the HHS Region 3 Treatment Center from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response.
Obesity and Eating Disorder Disparities Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth

This study assesses obesity, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa among sexual and gender minority children.
Application and Construction of Deep Learning Networks in Medical Imaging

Deep learning (DL) approaches are part of the machine learning (ML) subfield concerned with the development of computational models to train artificial intelligence systems. DL models are characterized by automatically extracting high-level features from the input data to learn the relationship between matching datasets. Thus, its implementation offers an advantage over common ML methods that often require the practitioner to have some domain knowledge of the input data to select the best latent representation. As a result of this advantage, DL has been successfully applied within the medical imaging field to address problems, such as disease classification and tumor segmentation for which it is difficult or impossible to determine which image features are relevant. Therefore, taking into consideration the positive impact of DL on the medical imaging field, this article reviews the key concepts associated with its evolution and implementation. The sections of this review summarize the milestones related to the development of the DL field, followed by a description of the elements of deep neural network and an overview of its application within the medical imaging field. Subsequently, the key steps necessary to implement a supervised DL application are defined, and associated limitations are discussed.
Neighborhood street activity and greenspace usage uniquely contribute to predicting crime

Crime is a costly societal issue. While many factors influence urban crime, one less-studied but potentially important factor is neighborhood greenspace. Research has shown that greenspace is often negatively associated with crime. Measuring residents’ use of greenspace, as opposed to mere physical presence, is critical to understanding this association. Here, we used cell phone mobility data to quantify local street activity and park visits in Chicago and New York City. We found that both factors were negatively associated with crime, while controlling for socio-demographic factors. Each factor explained unique variance, suggesting multiple pathways for the influence of street activity and greenspace on crime. Physical tree canopy had a smaller association with crime, and was only a significant predictor in Chicago. These findings were further supported by exploratory directed acyclic graph modeling, which found separate direct paths for both park visits and street activity to crime.
Linear and Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Dual-Mode CMOS Optical Sensor with High Frame Rate Operation

This paper presents a CMOS-integrated, single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) optical sensor array with combined linear and single-photon operation to extend dynamic range. The design includes an in-pixel, dual-mode readout architecture enabling standalone pixel operation and high frame rate. An 8 × 1 prototype pixel array was fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS process and demonstrates 112 dB of linear dynamic range, a frame rate of 100 Hz - 1 kHz depending on the operational mode, and static power consumption less than 2µW per pixel.
Safety-Critical Control Synthesis for Unknown Sampled-Data Systems via Control Barrier Functions.

As the complexity of control systems increases, safety becomes an increasingly important property since safety violations can damage the plant and put the system operator in danger. When the system dynamics are unknown, safety-critical synthesis becomes more challenging. Additionally, modern systems are controlled digitally and hence behave as sampled-data systems, i.e., the system dynamics evolve continuously while the control input is applied at discrete time steps. In this paper, we study the problem of control synthesis for safety-critical sampled-data systems with unknown dynamics. We overcome the challenges introduced by sampled-data implementation and unknown dynamics by constructing a set of control barrier function (CBF)-based constraints. By satisfying the constructed CBF constraint at each sampling time, we guarantee the unknown sampled-data system is safe for all time. We formulate a non-convex program to solve for the control signal at each sampling time. We decompose the non-convex program into two convex sub-problems. We illustrate the proposed approach using a numerical case study.
Arch Dams: Review of Experience

Records of performance of some of older arch dams to learn how well they had served purposes of their designers; records presented in tabular form, supplemented by notes and pictures.
Membrane Alterations in Neoplasia

Since the 1960s, considerable attention has been paid to alterations of cellular membranes associated with cell transformation and malignancy. Many studies have been directed at a search for significant alterations particularly at the cell surface* and, more specifically, in the plasma membrane. However, during malignancy, membrane alterations are not limited to the plasma membrane. They have also been demonstrated in intracellular membranes. Nevertheless, since the plasma membrane plays a key role in cellular growth control, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis, it continues to be the focus of much attention in cancer research.
The Ceramic Gas Turbine-A Candidate Powerplant for the Middle-and Long-Term Future

The paper reviews our problems of energy availability in the middle and long-term future as well as our problems of environmental pollution and materials availability. Against this background the ceramic gas turbine engine is examined and shown to have potential as an attractive candidate powerplant for both the middle and long-term future. The paper reports on Ford's ceramic gas turbine program which is a systems development program encompassing all aspects of turbine ceramics technology---design, materials, fabrication processes, testing and evaluation. /HSRI/
Neutron fluences in lunar habitats

Future manned missions in space most likely will involve long durations where significant exposure to the radiation environment will be unavoidable. Some of those missions, such as manned lunar or Martian bases, will most likely involve thickly shielded environments in order to reduce the dose from Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles. In such environments, neutrons comprise a significant fraction of the Effective Dose that humans will receive. Through the proper choice of habitat/base materials and material configuration, the neutron dose can be reduced, thus providing better protection from the effects of radiation in space. This paper investigates three materials and their influence on the neutron flux and dose inside a simplified lunar base.
Do we need a separate assembly language programming course

Assembly language programming has been taught within the computer science curriculum as a separate course at most universities over the past several decades. Recent advances of the Internet has forced the introduction of several new courses in this arena leaving less time for traditional courses such as computer architecture and assembly language programming. We examine the changing role of assembly language in the present day computer science curriculum.
Iterative imputation algorithms for process modeling with incomplete data

Modeling with real-world data is often plagued with the problem of missing values, limiting the applicability and validity of the developed model. Several algorithms exist in the literature to facilitate the analysis of incomplete data by imputing missing values. However, their imputation accuracy and practical applicability have not been systematically compared and studied. This makes the choice of appropriate imputation method difficult. The focus of this paper is to conduct an exploratory analysis of the popular missing data imputation algorithms. A new imputation algorithm based on clustering is also developed and demonstrated to be useful in a variety of ways to improve the efficiency of imputing missing values. These algorithms are benchmarked using datasets with significantly varying statistical properties. Based on the empirical results and theoretical analysis, a set of guidelines are proposed to assist in the selection of an appropriate imputation algorithm for a specific application. Finally these guidelines are used in a process modeling case study that involves the analysis of the design of an atomizer. It was observed that the imputed values are qualitatively valid thus providing evidence for the appropriateness of the proposed guidelines.
Click Here For Reality: Enhancing Student Engagement

This paper presents three initiatives designed to advance undergraduate learning outcomes by enhancing student engagement through active, reality-based learning. The Team Challenge, Management Consultant Simulation, and Bookstore Adventure are described.
Pulsed power fusion

Summary form only given. This paper describes the present status of the pulsed power fusion program at Sandia, some interesting electromagnetic simulation challenges posed by this program, and the plans to further develop this promising path to fusion.
Effects of amines on macromolecular methylation.

Abstract Histone methylation by extracts of rat brain or liver was inhibited and tRNA methylation stimulated by the addition of a number of naturally occurring polyamines. The effect was age independent although the methylase activities are highly age-related. Spermine and/or histamine stimulated methylation of cytosine and adenine to a far greater extent than of guanine. Brain tissue extracts, which have low adenosine deaminase activity, were more sensitive to inhibition by adenosine than were liver extracts. Adenosine inhibited the methylation of guanine to a greater extent than of cytosine or adenine. Methylation of both tRNA and histone by liver enzyme was inhibited by l -dopa, dopamine and epinephrine. Methylation by brain enzyme was also blocked, but less extensively. The response of liver extracts to these catecholamines was highly age-related. The phenolic amines, octopamine, synephrine, serotonin and tyramine, stimulated tRNA methylation slightly while inhibiting histone methylation by both liver and brain extracts and these effects showed no age dependency. Analysis of the data suggests that most of these compounds do not act by competing for the available S-adenosylmethionine.
Amyand’s hernia: a case report of prospective ct diagnosis in the emergency department

The diagnosis of Amyand’s hernia, the development of acute appendicits within an inguinal hernia, is rarely made preoperatively and is often confused clinically with an incarcerated right inguinal hernia. The use of CT to prospectively diagnose Amyand’s hernia and corresponding imaging findings are not well described in the literature. We report a case of Amyand’s hernia, which was correctly diagnosed by CT in a female patient presented to the emergency department with right lower quadrant pain and clinical suspicion of a strangulated omentocele.
Opioids and non-opioid enantiomers selectively attenuate N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity on cortical neurons

Abstract Addition of 1 μM-1 mM methadone to the bathing medium produced a concentration-dependent reduction in the neurotoxicity of exogenously applied N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in murine cortical cell culture (EC50 about 100 μM); the reduction persisted at intense NMDA exposure, consistent with non-competitive inhibition. Methadone also protected against exposure to quinolinate but not quisqualate or kainate. Concentrations (100 μM-3 mM) of several other opioids - morphine, fentanyl, codeine, meperidine, dextropropoxyphene, and naltrexone - were additionally found to produce concentration-dependent reductions in NMDA neurotoxicity. This novel neuron-protective effect of opioids was not mediated by conventional opioid receptors: the non-opioid enantiomer of methadone and morphine exhibited a potency equal to or greater than that of the opioid enantiomer, and 1 mM naloxone did not act as an antagonist. The possibility that opioids, or especially non-opioid enantiomers of opioids, might provide a useful therapeutic approach in diseases states involving NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity, warrants further study.
Immunoglobulin class switch recombination: will genetics provide new clues to mechanism?

Because of space limitations, only a fraction of the most recent relevant references have been included. I thank the National Institutes of Health for its support of our research on class-switch recombination (grant R01 GM39799) and somatic hypermutation (grant R01 GM41712).
Mitigating Routing Misbehavior in Disruption Tolerant Networks

In disruption tolerant networks (DTNs), selfish or malicious nodes may drop received packets. Such routing misbehavior reduces the packet delivery ratio and wastes system resources such as power and bandwidth. Although techniques have been proposed to mitigate routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks, they cannot be directly applied to DTNs because of the intermittent connectivity between nodes. To address the problem, we propose a distributed scheme to detect packet dropping in DTNs. In our scheme, a node is required to keep a few signed contact records of its previous contacts, based on which the next contacted node can detect if the node has dropped any packet. Since misbehaving nodes may misreport their contact records to avoid being detected, a small part of each contact record is disseminated to a certain number of witness nodes, which can collect appropriate contact records and detect the misbehaving nodes. We also propose a scheme to mitigate routing misbehavior by limiting the number of packets forwarded to the misbehaving nodes. Trace-driven simulations show that our solutions are efficient and can effectively mitigate routing misbehavior.
Central neuropeptide FF reduces feed consumption and affects hypothalamic chemistry in chicks.

Information on the physiological functions of neuropeptide FF; NPFF, a morphine modulating octapeptide in avians is lacking. Thus, we designed a study to investigate the effects of central NPFF with particular emphasis on appetite-related processes. Cobb-500 chicks were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with 0, 4.16, 8.32 or 16.6 nmol NPFF, and feed and water intake were quantified. Feed intake was linearly decreased as NPFF dose increased, and this effect decayed over time and was not significant by 120 min post-injection. Water intake was not affected by ICV NPFF. In a second exp, we observed that naloxone completely reversed the NPFF-induced decrease in feed intake. The amount of time a visible marker took to travel through the total length of the alimentary canal linearly increased as NPFF dose increased. We measured neuronal activation in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN) of the hypothalamus, and nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami (DMP) of the thalamus. The DMN, DMP, PVN and VMH were all activated by ICV NPFF while the LH was not affected. Finally, we determined that the anorexigenic effect of ICV NPFF is primarily behavior specific, since behaviors unrelated to ingestion were not increased the same duration of time as was consumatory pecking. We conclude that NPFF causes anorexigenic effects in chicks that are primarily behavior specific.
Interior Design Faculty Intentions to Adopt Distance Education

The purpose of this study was to assess whether behavioral modeling (via CD-ROM demonstration) could affect a change in interior design educators' perceptions of distance education. The diffusion of innovations conceptual framework suggests that perceptions of an innovation's attributes will predict an individual's intent to adopt that innovation; using the diffusion of innovations framework suggest a manner to assess the acceptability and adoption of distance education by faculty members teaching in the arts. Little research has been conducted to assess distance education, or to better understand the limited participation in distance education efforts by faculty members in the arts (Abacus Associates, 2000). The sample for this study included 67 self-selected interior design faculty members from across the United States who had no previous experience with distance education. A Solomon four-group experimental design was used with a questionnaire that addressed the attributes (i.e., relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, complexify, and observability) of an innovation (i.e., distance education) and assessed intent to adopt that innovation. A 15–minute CD-ROM presentation demonstrating Web-based studio instruction served as the experimental treatment. Findings indicated that four components of this study—relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and intent to adopt—have significant impact on interior design educators' perceptions of distance education. Changes and strategies that may reduce educators' resistance to adopt distance education into interior design curricula are suggested.
The Origin and in Vivo Significance of Murine and Human Culture-Expanded Endothelial Progenitor Cells

In adults highly purified populations of early hematopoietic progenitors or cells derived from ex vivo expanded unmobilized human peripheral blood mononuclear cells contribute to new blood vessel formation. However, the source of these culture-expanded endothelial progenitor cells (CE-EPCs) remains controversial. We demonstrate that ex vivo expansion of unmobilized human peripheral blood generated CE-EPCs with similar numbers, kinetics, and antigen expression profile as compared to plating unfractionated CD34 + /lin − -enriched bone marrow mononuclear cells. Both CE-EPC populations uniformly co-expressed myeloid and endothelial markers, suggesting that peripheral blood progenitor enumeration does not correlate with the numbers of early outgrowth CE-EPCs. Using purified myeloid subpopulations obtained from mice harboring the lacZ transgene driven by an endothelial-specific promoter, we showed that the immature myeloid lineage marker CD31 + cells generated CE-EPCs with fourfold greater frequency than mature myeloid populations. Biphenotypic cells co-expressing myeloid/endothelial antigens were not detected in circulating human or murine peripheral blood or bone marrow but were associated with murine tumors. Unlike CE-EPCs, CD14 + leukocytes admixed within tumors did not generate vWF-positive blood vessels during a similarly defined period of tumor growth, but some leukocytes up-regulated the endothelial marker VE-cadherin. Taken together, the data suggest that the local neovascular microenvironment may facilitate vasculogenesis by promoting endothelial differentiation and that CE-EPCs may accelerate such vasculo-genesis.
Endogenous Production of Immunoglobulin lgG1 in Newborn Calves

Abstract There is a decrease in the specific activity of labeled IgGl of serum over 3 wk following the feeding of iodine-125 labeled immunoglobulin IgGl in colostrum to calves at birth. This decrease indicated the appearance of new IgGl from some source. To determine if this new IgGl came from endogenous production in the calf or from continued small amount of intestinal absorption from milk, labeled IgGl was added to normal milk and fed to calves of various ages up to 3 wk after an initial feeding of colostrum at birth. Labeled IgGl was also added to colostrum fed to calves at birth, and the calves were maintained on a normal milk diet or fed a synthetic milk diet. Determination of iodine-125 in the serum protein fractions of these calves indicated that there was no apparent intestinal absorption of labeled IgGl from the milk in the period from 2 days to 3 wk. Furthermore, comparable decreases occurred in the specific activity of labeled IgGl in serum in the calves fed the labeled IgGl in colostrum at birth and subsequently maintained either on a diet including milk or on the synthetic milk diet devoid of IgGl. The results support the conclusion that the origin of new IgGl in the calf after about 36h and up to about 3 wk of age arises from endogenous production at a rate of about 1g of IgGl per day.